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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	island_n	land_n	north_n	1,289	5	9.3999	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

inform'd of his just Pretences to all that Usurp'd Territory call'd New Netherland the same having been formerly part of New England and of how great prejudice to the Act of Navigation and how dangerous Intruders the Dutchmen are generally upon other Princes Dominions what mischief might ensue to all our English Plantations in time of War if the Dutch were permitted to strengthen themselves in the very heart of His Majesties Dominions being Masters of one of the most commodious Ports and Rivers in America His Majesty resolv'd to seize upon the same as his undoubted Right and in May 1664. having design'd four Commissioners to the perfecting of Affairs in New England Collonel Richard Nichols Sir Robert Carr George Cartwnight and Samuel Mawrick Esquires with three Ships of War to convey them to Boston The matter was so order'd that the same Ships serv'd for the reducing of the Town and Fort of New Amsterdam upon conditions advantageous to His Majesty and easie to the Dutch Now begins New Netherland to lose the Name for His Majesty having conferr'd by Patent upon his Royal Highness the Duke of York and Albany all the Acquisitions made upon Foraigners together with long-Long-Island the West end whereof was wholly setled and Peopled by Dutch-men his Royal Highness impower'd by Commission as his Deputy-Governor Colonel Nichols Groom of his Bed-chamber to take the Charge and Direction of Reducing and Governing all those Territories it was by him thought fit to change some principal denominations of Places viz. New Netherland into York-shire New Amsterdam into New York Fort-Amscel into Fort-James Fort-Orange into Fort-Albany and withal to change Burgomasters Schepen and Schout into Mayor Aldermen and Sheriff with Justices of the Peace so that all the Civil Policy is conformable to the Methods and Practise of England whereas New England retains only the name of Constable in their whole Rolls of Civil Officers It is plac'd upon the neck of the Island Manhatans looking towards the Sea encompass'd with Hudson's River which is six Miles broad the Town is compact and oval with very fair Streets and several good Houses the rest are built much after the manner of Holland to the number of about four hundred Houses which in those parts are held considerable Upon one side of the Town is James-Fort capable to lodge three hundred Souldiers and Officers it hath four Bastions forty Pieces of Cannon mounted the Walls of Stone lin'd with a thick Rampart of Earth well accommodated with a Spring of fresh Water always furnish'd with Arms and Ammunition against Accidents Distant from the Sea seven Leagues it affords a safe Entrance even to unskilful Pilots under the Town side Ships of any Burthen may Ride secure against any Storms the Current of the River being broken by the interposition of a small Island which lies a Mile distant from the Town About ten Miles from New York is a Place call'd Hell-Gate which being a narrow Passage there runneth a violent Stream both upon Flood and Ebb and in the middle lie some Rocky Islands which the Current sets so violently upon that it threatens present Shipwrack and upon the Flood is a large Whirlwind which continually sends forth a hideous roaring enough to affright any Stranger from passing farther and to wait for some Charon to conduct him through yet to those that are well acquainted little or no danger It is a place of great Defence against any Enemy coming in that way which a small Forticfiation would absolutely prevent and necessitate them to come in at the West end of long-Long-Island by Sandy Hook where Nutten Island forces them within the Command of the Fort at New York which is one of the best Pieces of Defence in the North parts of America It is built most of Brick and Stone and cover'd with red and black Tyle and the Land being high it gives at a distance a pleasing prospect to the Spectators The Inhabitants consist most of English and Dutch and have a considerable Trade with Indians for Beaver Otter and Rackoon-Skins with other Furrs as also for Bear Deer and Elke-Skins and are supply'd with Venison and Fowl in the Winter and Fish in the Summer by the Indians which they buy at an easie Rate and having the Countrey round about them they are continually furnish'd with all such Provisions as is needful for the Life of Man not onely by the English and Dutch within their own but likewise by the adjacent Colonies Manhattans River The Manhattans or Great River being the chiefest having with two wide Mouths wash'd the mighty Island Watouwaks falls into the Ocean The Southern Mouth is call'd Port May or Godyns Bay In the middle thereof lies an Island call'd The States Island and a little higher the Manhattans so call'd from the Natives which on the East side of the River dwell on the Main Continent They are a cruel People and Enemies to the Hollanders as also of the Sanhikans which reside on the Western Shore Farther up are the Makwaes and Mahikans which continually War one against another In like manner all the Inhabitants on the West side of the River Manhattan are commonly at Enmity with those that possess the Eastern Shore who also us'd to be at variance with the Hollanders when as the other People Westward kept good Correspondency with them On a small Island near the Shore of the Makwaes lay formerly a Fort provided with two Drakes and eleven Stone Guns yet was at last deserted Wholesom Waters This Countrey hath many removable Water-falls descending from steep Rocks large Creeks and Harbors fresh Lakes and Rivulets pleasant Fountains and Springs some of which boyl in the Winter and are cold and delightful to drink in Summer The Inhabitants never receive any damage by Deluges neither from the Sea because the Water rises not above a Foot nor by the swelling Rivers which sometimes for a few days covering the Plains at their deserting them leave them fat and fruitful The Sea-Coast is Hilly and of a sandy and clayie Soil which produces abundance of Herbs and Trees The Oak grows there generally sixty or seventy Foot high Trees and for the most part free from Knots which makes it the better fit for Shipping The Nut-trees afford good Fuel and a strange Prospect when the Wood is set on fire either to hunt out a Deer or to clear the Ground fit to be Till'd Some Plants brought hither grow better than in Holland it self as Apples Pears Cherries Peaches Apricocks Strawberries and the like Their Vines grow wild in most places and bear abundance of blue white Vines and Muskadine Grapes Sometime since the Inhabitants made a considerable advantage by the Wine of them which is not inferior to either Rhenish or French Water Lemmmons All manner of Plants known in Europe grow in their Gardens The Water-Lemmons no less pleasing to the Palate than healthful when grown ripe they are about the bigness of an indifferent Cabbage the English press

who was taken there in the Year 1665. which will give light to the knowledge of the present State not onely of Cuba but of some other parts of America belonging to the Spaniards which is as followeth Maj. Smith's Letter concerning Cuba and other Parts CUba is a very good Island and in it is generally the best Land for so large a Countrey as I have seen in America although I have travell'd the main Continent in several places and have cross'd from the North Sea to the South Sea as also the North side of Hispaniola and most parts of Jamaica Novissima et Accuratissima JAMAICAE DESCRIPTIO per JOHANNEM OGI●UIUM Cosmographum Regum I have seen other parts of the West-Indies where the Spaniards might be fleec'd of considerable quantities of Riches as at Panama where their Silver Bars lie pyl'd up in Heaps in the open Streets Day and Night without Guard for five or six Moneths together waiting the arrival of the Armado which when arriv'd in Puerto Bello they Transport it thither with so slender a Guard for so great a Treasure as would be an easie Prey to a thousand resolv'd Men although of extraordinary value for so small a Charge but here is no resting nor long remaining they being so numerous as in all other places of the main Land though of great Wealth and easily gotten with a Catch and away But to my purpose This Island of Cuba hath adjacent to it great Conveniences of Salt and Fishing and in it are very great plenty of Horses Neat Sheep and Hogs both wild and tame of a far larger and better breed than any other parts of America It hath also many very rich Mines of Copper already open and is the onely Place that supplies all the West-Indies with Metal for the infinite number of Ordnance they have in all their Ports and Castles both in the North and South Seas but whether it hath any Mines of Silver or Gold I know not but if there were any such they would not adventure their opening and discovery fearing the Invasion of that Island whereunto is so easie access by Sea and of so great import to their whole Interest in America for which reason also they refuse to work any Mines in Florida that are nigh the North Sea although they have there very many but do rather employ themselves about others farther up in the Countrey although with greater Labor and Cost for conveyance of the Product by Land to Mexico And lastly for its full praise this Island hath many very good Ports and Harbors of great advantage to Ships for safe passing the Gulf and should the Spaniards keep three or four Frigats always plying between the Western end of Cuba and that of Havana off and on it were impossible for any Ships of ours that came from Jamaica to escape them the Scales turn'd would be their Case to all America Neither wants it great Sugar-works which have Water-mills and Horse-mills and very many large Cocoa Walks the most and best Tobacco and in short it produceth all other Commodities that any of our American Islands have knowledge of CHAP. XVI Jamaica Situation and Extent of Jamaica THe Island of Jamaica lieth North from the Southern Continent of America in the Sea call'd Mare del Nort and South from the Isle of Cuba about twelve Leagues and West from Hispaniola twenty in eighteen Degrees of Northern Latitude and beareth from Rio de Hacha North-West a hundred and fifty Leagues from Santa Martha North North-West a hundred and thirty five from Rio Grande North-West a hundred and thirty from Carthagena North fourteen from Porto Bello North-East and by North a hundred and ninety from the Bay of Darien North and by East a hundred and seventy from the Bay of Mexico a hundred and fifty It is of Form something nearly resembling oval being in length from East to West about fifty four Leagues or a hundred and seventy Miles from North to South in the broadest and middlemost part about three and twenty Leagues or seventy Miles over and so groweth narrower and narrower towards each Extream in circumference about one hundred and fifty Leagues or four hundred and fifty English Miles Nature of the Countrey This Island is well water'd with Springs and Rivers and is all over especially in the Western parts full of high Hills and Mountains It is also well Wooded for the North and South parts chiefly abound with tall and large Woods Nor are there wanting every where Savanas or Pastures which are thought to have been Fields of Indian Maiz till the Spaniards arriving here brought in Horses Cows Hogs and Asinego 's to feed Temperature of the Air. The Air in this Place is more temperate and the Heat more tolerable than in any of the rest of the Barloventi by reason of the cool Breezes which constantly blow from the East and the frequency of Showers of Rain and refreshing Dews which fall in the Night This is also the onely Island of the Barloventi which is not subject to violent Storms and Hurricanes and the Diseases which are predominant here are onely bred by Intemperance as Surfets Feavers and Agues or occasion'd by ill Diet or Slothfulness Commodities of the Island The Commodities of this Island are very many and first for Vegetables the Sugars are so good that they now out-sell those of Barbado's 5 s. per Cent. Cocoa of which there are many large Walks and greater plenty by improvement may easily be produc'd Tobacco so good that the Merchants give Six pence a Pound for it and buy it faster than the Planters can make it Indigo is producible in great abundance if there were Hands sufficient employ'd about it The Cotton of this Place is accounted very firm and substantial and preferr'd before any that grows in the neighboring Islands Of Tortoise-shell there is also good store by reason that much of that sort of Tortoise is taken on this Coast Here are also great variety of Dye-woods as Brasiletto Fustwick Red-wood a kind of Log-wood and several others besides divers of those that are accounted the most curious and rich sorts of Woods as Cedar Mohogeney Lignum-vitae Ebony Granadilla and others which are frequently Exported Moreover there are very probable testimonies that there are Mines of Copper here since both there have been those who affirm to have seen the Oar wrought out of one of them and the Spaniards report the Bells that hang in the great Church to have been Cast out of this Island Copper As for Silver the English are said to have been shew'd a Silver-Mine behind the Mountains West of Cagway Ambergreece the Spaniards report to have been often found on this Coast Salt might be made here in great abundance there being three good Salt-pans and Salt-petre hath been found in many Parts Ginger is reported to grow better here than in most of the Caribbee Islands and Cod-pepper very plentifully and also a certain kind of

into a Channel between high and Snowy Mountains whereupon he immediately judg'd as the famous Negromancer Roderick Talerus had often told him that there was the Passage through which the Northern Ocean flow'd into the Southern wherefore he resolutely adventur'd to Sail into those Sraights which in some places narrow and in others broad is an hundred and twenty Leagues long and full of small Isles and dangerous Rocks Whilst he still Sail'd on the Ship call'd Antonio Tacking about return'd to Cadiz But Magellanus enter'd the great South-Sea with three Sail on the 25. of October where the Sea-men suffer'd extremely by excessive Heat Drought and Famine three Moneths and twenty Days without sight of Land And now their Shooes and the Leather which cover'd their Shields began also to grow scarce which before had been counted a Dainty when they discover'd two Islands lying two hundred Leagues distance one from another yet both Desolate and Barren wherefore they were call'd the Unfortunate Isles After that they came amongst a great number of Islands whose Inhabitants were much inclin'd to Thievery for which cause they Denominated them Ladrones the chiefest Island call'd Borneo hath two hundred fifty four Leagues in Circumference whereon a Tree grows whose Leaves when faln off seem to be alive and creep like Worms The King of this Island entertain'd the Spaniards very courteously two Elephants bringing his Presents to them on the Shore out of a City consisting of twenty thousand Houses Near Borneo are two lesser Islands call'd Zubo and Matan The King of Zubo freely submitted himself to the Spaniards Magellanus slain and Magellanus leaving his Fleet at Anchor in the Haven went with his own and other Indian Boats and attended with some of the Zubensers to Matan where setting a Village on Fire he carry'd great Riches from thence This not satisfying he resolv'd within eight days to set upon the Royal Head-City but the King in his own Defence Encountering with Magellanus slew him and seven Spaniards more besides twenty two dangerously wounded those which escap'd by flight got to Zubo Spaniards murdered where being invited to Dinner by the King they were all of them in stead of a second Course Murther'd at Table The occasion of this was out of Revenge because the Spaniards had fall'n too foul upon their Women and Maids Devirginating and forcing them to their Pleasure than which rudeness nothing was among them more Detestable The Sea-men weakned by these Misfortunes were necessitated to burn their third Ship call'd St. Jago but Sailing to the Molucco Islands with the other two they Freighted them both with Cloves with which the Ship Trinitas Sail'd to New-Spain through the South-Sea and the Victoria An end of the Voyage about the world Commanded by John Sebastian de Lano went the same way which the Portuguese us'd and so to St. Lucar de Barrameda near Sivile where he came to Anchor with his Ship and eighteen Men. SECT X. Ferdinando Cortez his Voyage ALthough several Expeditions of the Spaniards to America prov'd very unsuccessful at the first yet they still undertook them afresh and with renewing Courage Ferdinando Sottus Sottus cruelty though he Landed five hundred Men in Florida yet brought no Treasure from thence onely he cut off the Hands of fifteen Princes because they would not discover their Mines of Gold Miserable end of Narvaez Yet far worse success had Pamphilus Narvaez who lost both his Fleet and Men saving onely ten out of six hundred in the River Palma and they also afterwards dy'd there or eat one another to satisfie their raging Hunger Cortez his Voyage But much better was the fortune of Ferdinando Cortez Sailing from Spain to America in the Year 1519. who having the Command given him over ten stout Ships and three Frigats with five hundred Foot and an additional Force of sixteen Horse rais'd by the new Spanish Inhabitants on Cuba with which Forces Landing on the Island Cozumella he prohibited Humane Sacrifice to their Idols and Erected a Cross with the Image of the Virgin Mary in one of their Temples and releas'd Hieronimus Aquilaris after a seven years Slavery Remarkable delivery having suffer'd Shipwrack with Valdivia at which time some that sav'd themselves in the Boat were by the Current in thirty days driven to Jucatan in which time seven dy'd of Hunger the rest going ashore were no sooner Landed but Sacrific'd by the Natives to their Gods or Zemes. Among the six that remain'd yet left alive and to be offer'd after the same manner the next day was this Aquilaris who with his Companions breaking Prison in the following night fled to a Neighboring Prince their Enemy and one that maintain'd a continual War against these Cannibals Strange Battel Here Cortez sent Articles of Peace to Taxmarus the King of the Countrey but he sleighting his proffer came down upon him into the Field with forty thousand Men drawn from the City Potanchanum which contain'd above twenty thousand Houses all built of Stone And indeed the Spaniards had here seen their last day had not Cortez drawn by a seeming advantage the Enemies under his Canon and sent his small Party of Horse to attend the motion of the Rear when so soon as they had fir'd their Canon making great Execution the Front routed and the Rear terrifi'd with the noise and smoke of the Guns they also broke being at the same instant Charg'd with the Horse which were so terrible to them that never saw Horses nor such Service on Horseback before that in a short time the whole Body of so great an Army was utterly dissipated and the triumphing Conquerors took possession of the empty City Potanchanum Potanchanum a City where Solacing they staid a whole Moneth Then from hence they Sail'd to Colvaca where upon the request of the Natives they settled a Colony Amongst the Presents which were there given to the Spaniards were some of their own Volumes Colvacana Books of what fasahion as also their Temples Books whose Leaves were made of the innermost Rind of a Tree and a kind of Paste made of their Meal glew'd together the Characters stood at some distance one after another rang'd like our Christ-Cross Row or A B C. Here Cortez was amaz'd to behold their stately Temples the Floors whereof were cover'd with Embroyder'd Tapestry beset with Precious Stones to which great multitudes flock'd being very zealous to perform their Devotions When their Seed is put into the Ground or come to its full growth they offer young Children to their Zemez richly Cloth'd having been fatten'd some Weeks before When they want Children they kill their Slaves and in default of them they pacifie them with Dogs Strange Sacrifices The Victims that go to be Sacrific'd they Worship with all Adoration Bowing and Congying before them Strange Idol-Worship Their Zeal in this their Idol-Worship may appear from a strange Custom observ'd by them when

divided it into five Wards separated from that part of the Isle which was inhabited by the antient Natives Each Ward hath a Church or at least a Chappel Armory Store-houses and Dwelling-houses like an intire Village The first Ward is call'd Pyloot from a Caribbeean Captain who was very familiar with Du Parquet and inform'd him of his Peoples Designs The second nam'd Capot is wash'd by a River of the same Denomination and hath many fruitful Plains The third retains the Caribbeean Name being Carbet signifying a Publick Structure to which they us'd to resort to Feast or hold Councils of War not far from which the Governor dwelt in a Stone House Near the Harbor stood also an Armory in a Valley water'd by a fresh River which falls out of the Mountains shaded with Trees and Gardens full of Rarities But since the Governor gave this and many other fair Buildings to the Jesuits he remov'd to the fourth Ward call'd St. Peter where he built a Castle and furnish'd the same with Brass and Iron Guns to defend the Harbor A Stones-throw from the Governor's House lies the Jesuits Cloyster on the Banks of a pleasant Stream built very artificially of Marble and Free-stone and having a pleasant Prospect over the River and adjacent Gardens beautifi'd with the choicest of Flowers Fruits and Trees and also a Vineyard out of which they press a considerable quantity of Wine The last Ward call'd Preacheur extends East and West some parts whereof swell into high Mountains at the Feet whereof stand fair Structures others sink into low Valleys or Savannas Novissima et Acuratissima BARBADOS DESCRIPTIO per JOHANNEM OGILUIUM Cosm ographum Regium The Mahot-Tree Between the French Settlements and the Caribbeeans runs an Arm of the Sea along whose Shores grows abundance of the Mahot-Tree which is full of Boughs from the top down to the Ground The Bark of this Tree serves in stead of Ropes and is also us'd to tie up Tobacco the Wood it self is durable and good for Building wherefore most of the Houses built on Hills are of this Timber The best Harbor for Ships is between the Wards Carbet and St. Peter defended from the Winds by high Hills The Diamond Not far from the Inlet of the Salt-pits appears about half a League off at Sea a Rock call'd The Diamond being a Receptacle for an innumerable multitude of Birds and especially wild Pigeons Besides the Streams that in the rainy Seasons run through the Dales and Savana's there are ten Rivers which falling from the Mountains glide through the Valleys into the Sea Sometimes they swell in such a manner that over-flowing their Banks they wash down the Trees and Houses which Inconvenience hath taught the French to build their Houses on Hills or rising Grounds The good Situation of this Island hath invited many Families thither SECT XXII St. Lucia Situation of St. Lucia ST Lucia by the French Alouzie is so call'd because it was discover'd on the thirteenth of December Dedicated in the Kalendar to the Virgin Martyr Lucia who was burnt at Syracuse It lies Southerly from Dominico at thirteen Degrees and forty Minutes and is ken'd at a great distance by two fiery Mountains the most Easterly of which is higher than the other At the Feet of these two Mountains lie pleasant Valleys shadow'd by close Woods and moistned by clear Springs near which heretofore a small number of Caribbeeans dwelling maintain'd themselves with Fishing they went stark naked and painted their Bodies with red Oker and drew a Vermilion Stroke from their Ears to their Noses An English Ship sent to Guinee to supply the Plantations there Landed sixty six mutinous Persons here who were all kill'd by the Inhabitants but when Henry Jacobson Lucifer putting into the Bay of Lucia to Water there Anno 1627. Landed to discover the Island he found neither Man nor House nor any thing but a barren Soil yet notwithstanding Du Parquet sent his Deputy Rosselan with a Colony to Plant in this Island SECT XXIII Barbados Situation of Barbados THe Island Barbados which was Planted by the English Anno 1627. lies between thirteen and fourteen Degrees and hath twenty five Leagues in circumference and somewhat more in length than breadth and is supply'd with a fresh-Water River and several Pools The Ground being fruitful in the producing of Tobacco Cotton Ginger and especially Sugar invited many People to Settle there insomuch that in a short time it could shew twenty thousand Inhabitants besides Negro Slaves The Trees which grow on this Island are not onely delightful but profitable amongst which the Roucou is one with sharp Leaves white Carnation Flowers like Stars which hang by Clusters at the end of the Boughs and after a while turn to a Cod full of vermilion Kernels The Juice dry'd in the Sun and kneaded into Balls is of a great value Of the Bark of this Tree they make strong Ropes and the Root is very wholsom and of a pleasant taste The Fly Cayouyou Moreover amongst the Insects that breed here there are a sort of Flyes worthy of a short Description the Caribbeeans call them Cayouyou being about the bigness of a Beetle they have two strong Wings and under them thinner which they never spread abroad but when they flye and then they carry such a lustre in them that they give as much Light in the Night as a lighted Candle their Eyes also at the same time glittering like Fire making no noise when they flye they feed on the Juice of Flowers and are so smooth that they are very apt to slip through ones Fingers and when they find themselves to be taken they hide their glittering Wings under the other The Indians tie these Flies to their Hands and Feet so to have the benefit of their Light in the Night and anoint their Bodies all over at certain Solemnities wherein Candles are forbidden with the Juice squeez'd out of them which causes them to shine like a Flame of Fire They catch them with a piece of Wood which they move in the Air whereupon the Flyes going to sit are taken with a Hat but their Light vanishes if they are kill'd But as to what may farther be added concerning this Island being one of the chief of our Plantations we cannot better satisfie the curiosity of those who desire a true Information of all things that concern that Place than by inserting verbatim a Letter from an intelligent Person who hath been long resident there viz. Colonel Robert Rich of no older Date than May 31. 1670. by which the present State and Condition of the Island the Buildings and other Improvements made there by the Planters since they first possess'd it in what Commodities of the Growth of the Countrey their chief Trade consists their Strength Militia Government and flourishing Commerce and what-ever else is material to be imparted may be clearly understood SIR Colonel Rich his Description of the Barbados I

nothing they met with for they murther and destroy all things where e're they come Brasile by whom possess'd at present The several Nations that now possess Brasile besides its native Inhabitants are Portuguese English Hollanders Germans and French which the Brasilians by a general Name call Ajuru-juba otherwise they call all Strangers Caraiba or Pero But from the commixing of several Nations proceeds a fifth sort for one that is born of European Parents in Brasile is call'd Mozombo of an European Father and Brasilian Mother Mameluc of an European Father and a Moor Mulatto of a Brasilian and Moor Curiboca or Cabocles of two Negro's Criolo But above all others the Portuguese are the strongest along the Sea-Coast who when first they began to settle on Brasile found great resistance and had not the Natives been at Wars amongst themselves they could never have got so much footing but now they are sufficiently Masters for they have either slain all the old Inhabitants or driven them up into the Inland however the Brasilians are so valiant that they will Encounter a great Army being brought up in the Wars from their Cradle When they Engage one with another they shoot their Arrows exceeding thick Hooting Hollowing and Leaping from one side to the other to shun the Arrows with a wonderful dexterity The Conquerors spare none but kill all and Feast on the slain Bodies but some they hale away Prisoners with a Rope about their Necks to each of whom they allot a young Maid who cherishes and fattens them up for five Moneths at the end of which they make a great Feast and drink to a pitch beyond Sense or Reason having first fill'd their Bellies with the Flesh of the slain Prisoners roasted If the Woman be got with Child by the Slain they imagine that they can take no greater revenge of their Enemy than to devour the Child as soon as it comes into the World but it often happens that the Woman really loving her Husband the Prisoner runs away with him and so bereaves her Friends of a Banquet SECT II. St. Vincent THe continual Wars which the Portuguese have maintain'd against the Brasilians have hindred them from Setling any where but along the Sea-side where their Residences are divided into thirteen Praefectures or Lordships by them call'd Capitanias the Southermost whereof being 1. St. Vincent Places of note in the Praefecture of St. Vincent hath a City of the same Denomination which lies near a River that coming out of the Ocean runs round in the Countrey and so returns into the Sea 2. Sanctos los Leyes which reckons four hundred Houses and three Sugar-Mills Here great Ships take in their Lading in the middle of the City 3. Hitauhacin the most Southern is inhabited by the Portuguese Twelve Leagues from thence up into the Countrey the Jesuits have built the Village St. Paulo near the Gold-Mines that lie in the Mountains extending from East to West thirty Leagues This Village long since containing eighty Houses is inhabited by Brasilians and a mix'd People the Way thither is troublesom over rough Mountains and Ways overgrown with Brambles On the Island Britioga at a sandy Inlet which makes a good Harbor lies a Fort for defence of the Haven St. Vincent and since the English Anno 1582. sunk a Ship there a second Fort hath been built to prevent the coming in up the River yet notwithstanding Captain Thomas Candish ran by both the Forts and burnt St. Vincent but spar'd Sanctos Before the River which washes St. Vincent appears the Island Sebastian pretty large wooddy and well stor'd with Venison It hath wholsom Water good Herbage and a secure Road for Ships against all Winds Farther into the Sea appears the high and rocky Isles Alcatraces as also Victorio des Busires Porto des Castellanos Monte de Frigo Muella and Queimadas The Nature of the Tupinikinsi Natives of St. Vincent The Natives of St. Vincent which are in League with the Portuguese are call'd Tupinikinsi inhabiting the Mountains which extend above twenty eight Leagues up into the Countrey They maintain continual Wars against the Carioes a civiliz'd People and white of Complexion as also against the Cupin-Imbas on the North and a nameless People bordering on Peru. Moreover the Miramumins a very wild People range all the Countrey over but are much lessen'd since the Portugueses Arrival SECT III. Rio de Janeiro First Discovery and Possesion of Rio de Janeiro THe second Lordship Rio de Janeiro formerly by the French call'd Ganabara was discover'd Anno 1515. by Juan Dias de Solis but the French first Setled themselves here forty years after Dias de Solis for setting Sail from Havre de Grace with three well Mann'd Ships Commanded by Nicholas Durandus Villegagnon they arriv'd at Rio Janeiro in November and at the Entrance into the River which is about half a League broad built a woodden Fort of a hundred Foot long and sixty broad and giving it the Name of the French Admiral Coligni put several Guns into the same to secure the Entrance inclos'd on each side by two steep Mountains In the River which is very broad lie several wooddy Isles on one of which near the Fort Coligni Villegagnon Setling himself suffer'd great Inconveniences for want of Water because he durst not Land on the Main for fear of being surpris'd by the Natives Here he stay'd a year and a half in a deplorable Condition when Philip Corguileray and Du Pont set Sail with three Ships from the Haven Honfleurs but they also though they had many Men yet were ill stor'd with Provisions insomuch that Hunger increas'd amongst them daily wherefore Villegagnon return'd home without any farther Exploits Jean Leri who went with Corguileray describes Rio Janeiro after this manner Jean Leri his Description thereof The River saith he lies twenty three Degrees Southward of the Equinoctial Line the Inlet of the Sea twenty fourthousand Paces broad and in some places broader is hemm'd in by hills the Mouth of the Inlet is somewhat dangerous by reason of three rocky Isles beyond the large Bay is a narrow Channel on the left-hand whereof there rises a high Mountain which the French call'd Le Pot de Beure because it resembles a Butter-pot Somewhat farther lies the Rock Ratier where Villegagnon thought to build a Fort but the Water in stormy Weather washing over the Rock he was forc'd to give over his Design Half a League farther is an Island a thousand Paces in length and a hundred and fifty in breadth surrounded with Rocks on which the French resided at each end of the Isle rises a Hill and from the middle a Rock sixty Foot high on the Hill Villegagnon pitcht his Tent till he had built him a handsom House on a Rock the other Houses were built in the Valley Three Leagues and a half farther lies a fruitful Isle nine Miles in circumference inhabited by a salvage People call'd Touoebinambauti there

several People with Sticks on which hung white Cloths some of them came aboard and brought with them what Provisions the Island afforded The Inhabitants barter'd Clappes Pisang Fowls Hogs Mother-of-Pearl Fish-hooks Stone Axes little Stools great Clubs with a black Point as long as a Man's Arm and hooked against Trifles The Hollanders were also stor'd here with fresh Water The People both in Language Habit rud Customs were very like those of the first Island but were not altogether so courteous One of the Southlanders stealing a Half-pike out of the Boat was forc'd by his Companions to restore the same The fore-mention'd Haelbos relates That going ashore with some Soldiers he saw their Houses which he found to be built after a strange manner viz. some of them were round like Towers Wider at top than at bottom and without any Holes for Air but all built close of Canes which were stuck in the Ground other Huts were cover'd with a long Roof of Pisang or Clappes Leaves resting on Posts under which kind of Building Haelbos shelter'd himself against a mighty Shower of Rain found divers young Men and Women sitting on Mats and an old Woman blind through Age lying by them on the Ground and Fanning her self with Pisang Leaves The Men going away signifi'd thereby a kind of Invitation to the Hollanders to go to the Women who not receiving the Entertainment they expected rose altogether on a sudden and Singing Danc'd about the Hollanders The Men had on their Shoulders and Breasts Scars of half an Inch deep and an Inch long upon some of which being fresh and bleeding the Flyes sat They eat after a strange manner for stripping off the outmost Rinds of the Clappes with their Teeth and breaking the hard Shell against their Elbows they pull out the Kernel and eat the same Whatever Flesh-meat they eat they never throughly boyl or roast it but make it onely just warm They sleep on the Ground upon Mats and lay their Heads on a little woodden Cricket with four Feet They take great pride in their Hair and those that have not long Hair of their own use Perukes Tasman steering his Course towards the high Coast that lay before this Island was follow'd by several small Vessels from the adjacent Shore of which some carry'd a Bough of Clappes or Pisang with white Veins at the ends but seeing the Ships Sail from them they threw the same overboard Tasman standing Westerly discover'd three Isles near the last whereof the Sea broke exceedingly which the Hollanders not without great danger had approached in the Night after which they discover'd to Leeward of them a high Coast which extended it self a great way but the Sea went so rough that they durst not venture near the Land besides the Sea went very high on a Bank first ten then five three and a half and again ten fourteen and seven Fathom deep and oftentimes a Man might see the Ground insomuch that they kept out the Boats belonging to the Hemskerk which was in most danger to carry them aboard of the Sea-Cock if the first should chance to split Lastly getting over the Bank they saw very high Land to Windward and many hilly Isles to Leeward the Sea also was full of blind Rocks and Shelves so that they were in danger every hour and the rather because the Wind blew hard every day yet at last losing sight of Land they steer'd their Course Westerly in five Degrees Southward of the Line towards New Guinee On the two and twentieth of March they discover'd low Land full of Woods of tall Trees surrounded with a company of Isles against some of which the Sea brake with great violence insomuch that they were again in great danger especially when they were got amongst eighteen Isles between which the Water being shallow and the Current running very strongly drove the Ships towards the Shore Whilest they were Tacking to and again to get beyond the Shelves a little Vessel carrying a great Weather-cock on her Star-board came from the Shore Row'd by seven Men who sat on Boards which lay over the same they were of a brown Complexion onely girt about with a hairy Girdle made fast on the top of their Heads under their Feet they also wore something in stead of Shoes about their Necks hung Flowers and their Bodies were Painted black Among the seven one who was very fat and whose Head was adorn'd with two Feathers stood up and proffer'd the Seamen two Clappes in return whereof Tasman gave them a Box of Nails and a piece of Sail-cloth which sinking under Water an aged Man div'd for the same and bringing it up gave it to his six Companions who made no shew of thankfulness Their Arms consisted in Bowes and Arrows Their Clappes they call'd Anieuw as the other Islanders had done Sailing from hence they discover'd two low Islands full of Trees and three Leagues from them on their Star-board a high Coast and on the other side a great Island whither they drove with a small Gale approaching the same two very small Boats came towards the Hemskerk the biggest of the two carry'd six Men and the least three all of them very deform'd they went stark naked onely their Yards were ty'd up with a String on their Bellies and about their Arms hung Chains of Mother-of-Pearl they were Coal-black onely red about the Mouth which redness was occasion'd by the chewing of Pisang in their Hair stuck woodden Combs and on their Foreheads green Leaves but in each Boat was one who had a bruised Reed made fast in his Neck like a Plume the biggest Vessel was Painted with strange Shapes of Men and Beasts they us'd red Bowes and Arrows and having call'd to the Seamen they Row'd back again to the Shore which Tasman left a Stern of him and ran between the Main Coast by all suppos'd to be New Guinee and several great Islands that lay scatter'd along before the Main Coast from whence came four small Boats adorn'd with Imagery like Serpents but kept without Gun-shot from the Ships at last one leaping overboard swam to the smallest Boat out of which one swam back in his stead to the other and afterwards came to the Hemskerks side he was a black Man wore Leaves before his Privities and Armlets about his Elbows through the Gristle of his Nose stuck a white Bone Bodkin sharp at the ends and of a Fingers length and about his Neck a String full of Cockle-shells Tasman Sailing on along the Main Coast met with eighteen Boats more the Rowers whereof laid their Oars upon their Heads and not without strange Gestures call'd aloud and invited the Hollanders to come ashore On the Sterns and Heads of these Boats were likewise divers Shapes Painted upon a white Ground in some were two and in others three four and five Men eight of them going into the Hollanders Boats were made Drunk with Arrack These Southlanders went stark naked some onely covering their secret Parts

both great and small yielding good Harbors and store of Whales and Sea-Horses The Voyages of Jonas Pool and others to Greenland In the Year 1610. Jonas Pool Master of the Amity fell in with this Land in May and continu'd upon the Coast discovering of Harbors and killing of Morses till June following and he is said to have been the first that gave this Countrey the Name of Greenland The next year he set out again accompany'd with Thomas Edge Commander of the Mary Margaret And since many other Voyages have been made as to a Place known and a great Trade driven in catching of Whales not without several Contests with the Dutch and Danes but nothing of late discover'd considerable more than in the first Voyages The Harbors Sounds and Coastings most taken notice of are Fair Foreland Cape Cold Black-Point Horn-Sound Knotty-Point Bell-Sound Lowness Cross-Road Deer-Sound Fowl-Sound Close-Cove Gurnet-Nose Ice-Sound and Green-Haven There are few that have Sail'd to Greenland Cherry-Island but make great mention of Cherry Island so call'd as having been first discover'd at the Charges of Sir Francis Cherry an eminent Merchant by others Bear-Island from the multitude of Bears found there it lies in the Latitude of seventy four Degrees and is noted for store of Fowl Foxes like Dogs and upon the Coasts great store of Whales Sea-Horses and Morses It is also said to be furnish'd with Lead-Mines and Pits of Sea-Coal Situation and first Discovery of Iseland Iseland so call'd from the continual Ice which is upon it is a craggy mountainous Countrey and not onely the Hills but a great part of the Low-land cover'd with perpetual Snow It is of a Form somewhat oblong lying between the fifty fourth and fifty ninth Degree of Northern Latitude having Norway on the East the Orcades and Scotland on the South Grenland on the West and the Hyperborean or frozen Sea on the North. It is by Olaus Magnus suppos'd to be twice as big as Sicily that is to say about a hundred Leagues in length It is the most known and most througly discover'd of all the Countreys of the Artick Region and is said to have been first found out and peopled in the Year of our Lord 900. by certain of the Nobility of East-Frisia in the Countrey of Breme in the time of Alebrand Bishop of that Countrey but whether or no utterly unpeopled till that time is a Question not easie to be determin'd though in all probability so obvious a Place to be found out could not lie so long totally uninhabited Not long after several Colonies of Norwegians Setled themselves some in Hitland some in Ferow others following the Example of these Bremers in Iseland The Countrey is full of Rocks and Stones and as is credibly reported not a cultivated Field or Garden in the whole Island and by consequence no sort of Corn yet the People living without either Bread or Salt are very strong and of a good Complexion Neither is there a Tree to be seen except the Birch which likewise grows but in one place and exceeds not the heighth of a Man by reason of the violence of the Winds yet there is said to be great plenty of Butter the Grass being so fat that the Oxen are not suffer'd to stay long at a time in the Pastures for fear of bursting Till of late there was neither Town nor any thing that could be call'd a Village in the whole Island but stragling Cottages here and there not above three or four together in a place most by the Sea side for the convenience of Fishing they were built pretty deep in the Ground but artificially fram'd of Whales Bones with Seats Benches and other Utensils of the same now sometimes they use Fir to the same purpose which is cast upon the Coast by the force of the Sea from Tartary or elsewhere For want of Vessels they lay their Butter in Heaps in the Corners of their Houses like Mortar In the Winter wanting Fodder they feed their Cattel with Fish Besides these Cattel which are Kine without Horns Horses onely fit for carrying of Burthens and very large Sheep there are store of white Foxes and huge Bears of the same colour and a sort of rough Dogs very well known and frequent amongst us by the Name of Shocks which the Islanders esteem not a little and will part with their Children at a far easier rate They keep neither Hogs nor Poultrey for want of Grain to feed them Many Rivers in Iseland The Rivers belonging to this Island are many and those not unpleasant affording to the Inhabitants plenty of Fish especially Sturgeon Trouts and Salmons and one is especially remarkable for a Bridge made over it which being the onely Bridge of the Countrey is made of the great Bones of a Whale The whole Island is one continu'd Desart without any trodden Path or Road from one end to the other so that all that have occasion to travel to any part thereof by Land make use of the Compass as if they were Voyaging by Sea Strange Fish on the Coast of Iseland The Coast of Iseland hath many strange and monstrous Fish worth observation as first the Orca which though nothing near so big as the Whale yet is able to be the death of it for being of the shape of a Ship turn'd upside-down and having sharp long Fins on its Back it pricks the Belly of the Whale therewith till it kills The next is the Hackfall which is very fat and about twelve Inches long Then the Dog-Fish which lifting up its Head out of the Sea Barks and letting forth its young ones receives them into her Belly again when they have sported a while in the Sea Lastly another Monster of a most frightful shape mention'd by Olaus Magnus but not by any particular Name Strange Fountains In divers parts of the Island are Fountains of scalding Water which as soon as taken from the Fountain begins to cool and when cold hath a sulphury Substance swimming on the top At the West end is a smoaky Fountain very cold and turning all that is cast into it into Stone At the place upon the Sea call'd Turlocks Haven are two Fountains of different quality the one hot the other cold which by Pipes being brought together into one place make a Bath of an excellent temperature and of a medicinal Vertue Not far from Haven Halneford is a Cliff in a Rock of an unknown depth and no Water to be discern'd by those that look down into it but if a Stone be cast in it shall make a noise for half an hour together as if it were striking against a Brazen Vessel and all this while the Water will be rising till it comes up to the brim and then will be so long sinking again as the Stone was falling Mountains of Iseland There are also three Mountains in Iseland not to be left unmention'd the Mountain of the Cross the Moutain Snenelstockel

The Land of Pygmies but upon what certain Ground cannot in the least be discover'd for we find not from the Russians to whom the Place by reason of its Vicinity is probable to have been first known any other Account of the Inhabitants but that they are a People wholly destitute of civil Manners and unlimited by Law or Religion saving that they seem to give some kind of Adoration to the Sun Moon and North-star and have some Qualities which speak them national Creatures whereas the Pygmies if there be any such Creatures are thought to have nothing of Humane but their Shape onely Willoughby-Island Besides Nova Zembla there is not far from it another Island known by the Name of Willoughby-Island from Sir Hugh Willoughby the first Discoverer they both are of the Dominions of the Czar of Russia Several Attempts for the discovery of the North-West Passage WHat hath been discover'd of Sea in the North or South parts of the World is of no less Consequence than what hath been discover'd of Land and the Straight of Hudson Northward is no less considerable than the Straight of Magellan South we shall therefore compleat this Discourse of the Artick Region with a brief Mention of what Capes Bays Sounds c. have been found out by those that have attempted to find a Passage by the North-West to the East-Indies Not to insist upon the fabulous Stories of King Arthur's first conquering Ireland and then Sailing into the Northern Seas and subduing Scantia Iseland Groenland and as the Story saith many other Islands beyond Norway even under the Pole or of Malgo's subduing Ireland Iseland the Orcades and Norway or Octher's Reports to King Alfred of his Voyages to the North-East parts beyond Norway or the Voyages of the two famous Venetian Brethren Nicolo and Antonio Zeni or of Marcus Paulus Venetus Odoricus and Vertomannus the first English-man we hear of that made an Expedition into those Northern Seas was Sir Hugh Willoughby before taken notice of for the Discovery of King James's Newland and Willoughby-Island in the Year of our Lord 1553. Stephen Burroughs as hath been intimated discover'd amongst other Places about the Year 1556. the Straight of Vaigats In the Year 1576. Sir Martin Forbisher setting forth with two Barques after he had been out about five Weeks had sight of a High-land which he nam'd Queen Elizabeths Foreland Queen Elizabeths Foreland Thence Sailing more Northerly to the heighth of about sixty two Degrees he descry'd a great Sea or Inlet which he entred and thence it took the Appellation of Forbisher's Straight Forbister's Straight About two years after proceeding to a farther discovery of it he entred a good way into it and took possession of the utmost Place he went to for Queen Elizabeth who thereupon gave it the Name of Meta Incognita Anno 1580. Arthur Pett and Charles Jackman were sent out by the Russian Company to make a Discovery of the River Ob and passing the Straight of Waigats took particular observation of the Islands and Places there but not being able to pass much farther by reason of the Ice towards the latter end of the year they return'd In prosecution of this Discovery to the North-West Captain John Davis of Sandruge in Devonshire made three Voyages his first Anno 1585. his second 1587. in which he met with many strange Adventures but the main thing that accru'd from these Voyages was finding of a mighty Through-let between vast and desart Islands to which his Name gave the Appellation of Fretum Davis Davis's Straight or Davis's Straight The next that went upon this Design was Captain George Weymouth who from the Year 1585 to 1602 made several Expeditions which produc'd large Relations of strange Accidents that befell them but little of Discovery farther than what had been made before Mr. James Hall very noted for his Voyages to Groenland which before was by Captain Davis call'd Desolation at his falling in with that Place nam'd a Head-land from then King of Denmark Cape Christianus Cape Christianus which some think to be no other than Cape Farewel Anno 1606. Mr. John Knight was set out by the King of Denmark of the Passages of whose Voyage little or nothing memorable is recorded The next and most famous Attempter in the discovery of the North-Wast Passage was Henry Hudson who is said to have discover'd farther Northward to the Pole than any before him From the Year 1607 to 1610 he made several Voyages being set out by Sir Thomas Smith Sir Dudley Diggs and Mr. John Wostenholm with others that were his great Friends and Advancers of such publick Designs In his last Voyage the Isles of Gods Mercy Prince Henry's Foreland King James's Cape Queen Annes Cape Digg's Island Cape Wostenholm The King 's Foreland Mount Charles Cape Salisbury c. were first taken notice of and nam'd and which were his principal Discoveries and therefore worthily retaining his Name Hudson's Straight and Bay Hudson's Straight and Bay but in his return homeward he was set upon in his Cabbin by one Green Wilson and others of their Conspiracy and together with his Son John Hudson Tho. Widdows Arn. Ludlow Sidrach Faner and two or three more was put over into a small Shallop in which they were forc'd to seek their Fortune and in all likelihood perish'd for they were never heard of after Nor long after Green going on Shore upon a strange Island was shot from an Ambuscade of Salvages into the Heart the like End has Wilson and three more of the Conspirators dy'd of their mortal Wounds the rest with much ado got home in a very sick and weak Condition through the Hardships the had sustain'd and want of Provisions There was also another Hudson who Anno 1608. went to the height of eighty one Degrees and gave Names to certain Places which continue to this day as Whale-Bay Hackluit's Headland and Hudson's Touches By the Assistance of Prince Henry and those other Noble Persons above mention'd Captain Thomas Button set out in the Year 1612. and is said to have pass'd Hudson's Straight and leaving Hudson's Bay to the South to have Sail'd two hundred Leagues South-Westward over a Sea above eighty Fathoms deep which at length he discover'd to be another great Bay since call'd Button's Bay Button's Bay He is said also to have discover'd a great Continent which he call'd New Wales Several other Voyagers there were in this great Attempt of the North-West Passage as Captain Gibbons Robert Bylot William Baffins and Captain William Hawkridge who though they all came short of the main Enterprize yet every one found out some new Cape Bay or Promontory or open'd a farther Passage than had been before as Bylot made known Cape Comfort Baffin Baffin's Bay the Inlet call'd from him Baffins Bay as also Sir James Lancaster's Sound Hawkridge a farther Passage into Lumly's Inlet From the Year 1616. to 1631. the Business slept and then a Voyage