forbear not labouring and travelling on the Sabbath-day or Sunday i. e. Lords-day and do not resort together to celebrate and magnifie Gods blessed Name in quiet holiness and godly reverence Expl 62. The reasons are here ranked under three heads 1 the equity of the thing commanded God allowing us six days for our honest and ordinary employments we may well give him one in seven and be content to spend that cheerfully in his service Six days shalt thou labour c. 2 From Gods Propriety in this day this is the day which the Lord hath made or instituted and appointed Psal. 118.23 And may he not do what he will with his own may he not enjoy it to be spent in his service if he please 3 From Gods example in resting the seventh day not that we are therefore to rest on the seventh day in order because God did so after he had created the world and all things therein but that we are to spend according to the tenour of this Command a seventh day which is now our Dominical or Sunday in an holy rest unto the Lord. 4 From Gods end in blessing and sanctifying this day or in setting it a-part to holy uses namely that we should so use it and thereby receive the blessing of the Sabbath from the Lord of the Sabbath A. 63. The fifth Commandment is Honour thy father and thy mother that thy days may be long in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee Expl. 63. This command which is here called the fifth is by the Apostle called the first Commandment with promise Ephes. 6.1 2. i. e. to which this promise of long life is expresly made it being also the first command of the second Table A. 64. The fifth Commandment requireth the preserving the honour and performing the duties belonging to every one in their several places and relations as Superiors Inferiors i or Equals To. 1. Hom. V. p. 3. Obey all your Superiours and Governours serve your Masters faithfully and diligently as well in their absence as in their presence not for dread of punishment only but for conscience sake knowing that you are bound so to do by Gods Commandments Hom. X. p. 2. Every degree of people in their vocation calling and office hath appointed them their duty and order some are in high degree some in low some Kings and Princes some Inferiors and Subjects Ministers and People Masters and Servants Fathers and Children Husbands and Wives c. Expl. 64. Here is requir'd 1 something in general of all that they give to all that honour which is due unto them in their different places and relations whether they be Superiors in age parts gifts or authority who are there so called by that obliging name of parents that men may yield what is due unto such with all child-like and filial respect and because in the beginning Parents were Magistrates or Supeperiors in power or whether they be equal to us or our Inferiors image power c. for in both these capacities there is due to them love gratitude and such offices of Christianity civility or friendship which are suitable and proper to them 2 Something in special is required from Children to be given to their natural Parents and 't is all expressed in this one word honour And 't is observable that the command is laid on all Children of both sexes and of what age or rank soever though they be Children of Princes and Nobles and the honour due unto natural father and mother or to those who are in their stead as father and mother-in-law grand-father or Grand-mother Uncle or Aunt Guardian Tutor c. It is 1 the honour of respect or love both in heart words and behaviour for this law on Children is a law of love and as it requires that they love one another so also that they love their Parents 2 The honour of Reverence i. e. Children must fear as well as love their Parents they must stand in awe of them as being under their authority and that thereby they may be kept from offending their Parents 3 The honour of Obedience which proceeds from both the other 't is love or fear that makes Children obey Now in order to this Obedience the rod of correction is a scepter so needful in Parents hands that Solomon reckons that Parent to hate his child that doth not use it Prov. 13.24 4 The honour of help or recompence i. e. As Parents need help and the child is able or hath opportunity to do it he or she must thankfully requite thereby their labour of love A. 65. The fifth Commandment forbiddeth the neglecting or doing any thing against the honour and duty which belongeth to every one in their several places and relations To. 1. Hom. V. p. 3. Disobey not your Fathers and Mothers but honour them help them and please them to your power Hom. X. St. Paul threatneth no less pain than everlasting damnation to all disobedient persons to all resisters p. 2. Yet let us believe undoubtedly good Christian people that we may not obey Kings Magistrates or any other though they be our own Fathers if they would command us to do any thing contrary to Gods Commandments p. 3. And here let us take heed that we understand not these or such other like places which so straitly command obedience to superiours and so straitly punished rebellion and disobedience to the same to be meant in any condition of the pretended and coloured power of the Bishop of Rome For truly the Scripture of God alloweth no such usurped power full of enormities abusions and blasphemies He ought therefore rather to be called Antichrist and the Successor of the Scribes and Pharisees than Christ's Vicar or St. Peters Successor Expl. 65. But more particularly in reference to natural Parents or those who stand in their room these miscarriages are forbidden to Children 1 All manner of contempt of the persons of Parents especially when by reason of old age sickness or natural infirmities they are not able to manage their Parental authority either as they ought or have done or when by the Providence of God their repute or estate is low in the world 2 All slighting of their good instructions example counsel directions reproof and correction As God would not have his own chastening and instruction despised so neither that of Parents and therefore he calls that child a fool by the mouth of Solomon a scorner and bruitish who is guilty hereof 3 All slighting of Parents commands and of their pleasure whether in reference to duty to be performed by them whether in matters civil or religious or in reference to the disposal of themselves in Marriage or in any calling place and employment 4 All slighting of the tenderness and watchfulness of Parents by doing that on purpose which doth either disturb their passions or disquiet their minds 5 All mocking deriding or imitating their weaknesses and misbehaviour or any
Petitions I. A. 101. II. A. 102. III. A. 103. IV. A. 104. V. A. 105. VI. A. 106. Conclusion A. 107. Principles of Christian Religion in an 107 Articles with a short and easie Explanation CHAP. I. Of things to be believed comprehended in the Apostles Creed Or a brief Sum of Christian Doctrine which ought to be received or believed Articles of Religion 1562. Artic. 8. For they may be proved by most certain warrant of Holy Scripture A. 1. MAns chief End is to glorifie God and to enjoy him for ever Homil. 3. Of Salvation Above all things and in all things to advance the glory of God of whom only we have our sanctification justification salvation and redemption Expl. 1. In which A. there are these four things to be explain'd 1. What we are to understand by a mans end And the Answer is That by a mans end we mean that which a man doth intend or aim at in all his actions or that which he does propose to himself as the reason of what he does ex gr when you see a man buâ—lding a House if you ask him the reason why he builds a House or what he intends in so doing his answer will be to dwell in it And here his dwelling in his House when he hath built it is his end in building his House So again when you see a man going to Church if you ask him what he goes to Church for he 'll presently tell you to hear a Sermon Now this being that which he does design in going to Church sc. to hear a Sermon it may very well be called his end in going to Church But then 2 dly It is next to be explained what is meant by a mans chief end Now a mans chief end is that which he doth principally aim at in all his actions As to keep to the last instance though it be a mans end in going to Church to hear a Sermon yet that is but a lower end and that which he does only design in order to his chief end which is to glorifie God and to enjoy Communion with God by hearing his word This Question therefore What is the chief end of man is q. d. what is mans chief errand into the world or what did God make man for or what is the great business that should take up the greatest part of a mans time thoughts cares affections and endeavours whilst he lives in the world or what is it that a man is principally to drive at in all his words thoughts and actions in all his duties both to God and man and in all his dealings with the world Now this is that which should be his general drift in all sc. To glorifie God and to enjoy God both in this world and a better And this is the plain meaning of those Scriptures which are here made use of as proofs But alas is it not sadly to be lamented that the corrupt generality of people have quite forgotten what errand they were sent about into the world whilst some make worldly honours and preferments their chief end as the ambitious others make worldly gain and profit their chief end and that which they mainly drive at as the covetous and others do make their carnal pleasures delights sports and pastimes their chief end as if God had put them into the world as the Psalmist reports of the Leviathans being put into water to play therein and this is the case of the younger sort generally of vain and wicked people who either do not know or will not consider that the end of their Creation was to honour and enjoy their Creator both here and hereafter 3 dly What it is to glorifie God may be thus explained namely it is to live according to his will revealed in his word or it is to think speak and do according to the Rule of his word 1. We glorifie God in our thoughts or in our hearts when we dare not allow our selves to think any thing that is not stampt with Gods authority and allowance and more particularly when our thoughts of God of his works words and all that relates to him are such as do become his excellent Greatness So when we fear love admire trust and desire him above all 2. We glorifie him in our words when our speech is not corrupt vain and idle but seasoned with grace 3. In our actions when we make his word our rule and his glory our great and general end in all our actions 4 thly What it is to enjoy God we may best conceive of it by what it is to enjoy a friend Now this is we know to have his presence company and converse and to take delight in his society So to enjoy God it is to converse with God to be well-pleased with his gracious presence and not only to have him to be our Friend or Father but to entertain this King of glory in our hearts and affections Or as wicked men do look upon the greatest part of their enjoyment to consist in that which they miscall good-fellowship so the Christians enjoying of God is to have fellowship with him Truly our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son Iesus Christ. And to maintain and keep up this fellowship with God for ever it is to enjoy him for ever which in reference to a Christians enjoyment of God in glory is called a being for ever with the Lord 1 Thes. 4.17 A 2. The Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament is the only Rule to direct us how we may glorifie and enjoy him Artic. vi In the name of the Holy Scripture we do understand those Canonical Books of the Old and New Testament of whose Authority was never any doubt in the Church Homil. 1. Unto a Christian man there can be nothing either more necessary or profitable than the knowledg of holy Scripture for as much as in it is contained Gods true Word setting forth his glory and also mans duty As many as be desirous to enter into the right and perfect way unto God must apply their minds to know holy Scripture without the which they can neither sufficiently know God and his Will neither their office and duty Let us willingly search for the well of life in the Books of the Old and New Testament and not run to the stinking Puddles of mens Traditions devised by mens imagination for our justification and salvation Expl. 2. When the written Word of God is here called a Rule we may understand it thus That as an Artificer suppose a Mason or Bricklayer in raising a Wall or a Carpenter in squaring a piece of Timber makes use of his Rule and by applying this to his work comes to know whether it be streight or crooked So the Christian who would order his spiritual Building or Conversation aright so as to glorifie and enjoy God he must lay every stone in this spiritual
understanding will and subsistence by it self and distinguished from any thing else by some peculiar property that belongs to it and to nothing else besides it self as there is something peculiar in every one man to distinguish him from another this for a person in general But now for a Divine person or a person in the Godhead 'T is a substance that is undivided and absolutely perfect in Being Understanding Will and manner of Subsistence yet actually really and eternally distinguished from any other person by some relative property that belongs to it and not to that person 2. For the number of the persons in the Godhead they are three not only in the reckoning of man or according to humane apprehension but also in reality and in Gods account whether men should reckon them so or no and are therefore called a Trinity of Persons Yet 3. though they be so distinguished one from another as that the Father is not the Son and the Son not the Father and the Holy Ghost neither Father nor Son yet they are not cannot be divided or separated one from another because the whole and single Godhead is wholly coequally and coessentially in all three by virtue whereof 't is said these three are one i. e. one God A. 7. The Decrees of God are his eternal purpose according to the counsel of his own will whereby for his own glory he hath fore-ordained whatsoever comes to pass Artic. xvij Everlasting purpose of God whereby before the foundations of the world were laid he hath constantly decreed by his counsel secret to us c. Expl. 7. In this A. we have 1. the nature and properties of Gods Decrees they are like Himself from everlasting whatever God did purpose and determine to do or permit to be done he did thus purpose from eternity 2. Here is the Rule of Gods Decree the counsel of his own Will and yet nothing that he decrees can be any other than reasonable and good because by reason of the infinite perfection of his Nature his Will is essentially just and holy and cannot be otherwise 3. The matter of his Decrees is whatsoever comes to pass though there be never so much of that which we call hap-hazard in them 4. The end of his Decrees for his glory for God neither does nor designs any thing but for the highest end and that is his own glory A. 8. God executeth his Decrees in the Work of Creation and Providence Homil. xvij Praise of Almighty God in the consideration of the marvelous Creation of this world or Conservation and Government thereof wherein his great Power and Wisdom might excellently appear to move us to dread and honour him Expl. 8. Here is shew'd how God doth bring to pass what he hath purposed 1. In the work of Creation by which we are to understand not only Gods making the world and all things therein in six days but also Gods producing or bringing into Being every thing else that came into Being since that time to the worlds end whether it became a Being in an ordinary way and by means as in the natural generation of things or in an extraordinary way by the immediate or miraculous power of God 2. In the work of Providence which is not only to be restrain'd to what is naturally good as every creature of God is but also reaches to what is naturally evil as affliction and to what is morally evil as sin A. 9. The work of Creation is Gods making all things of nothing by the word of his power in the space of six days and all very good To. 2. Hom. viij God through his Almighty power wisdom and goodness created in the beginning Heaven and Earth the Sun the Moon the Stars the Fowls of the Air the Beasts of the Earth the Fishes in the Sea and all other Creatures for the benefit and use of man Hom. xij Among all the Creatures that God made in the beginning of the World most excellent and wonderful in their kind there was none as the Scripture beareth witness to be compared in any point almost unto Man who in Body and Soul exceeded Expl. 9. By the work of Creation we are to understand Gods making of the world in time or in the beginning according as he had purposed from eternity or before all beginning of time and here it is observable 1. That this work is ascribed only to God the true God in opposition to Idols yet is not so to be ascribed to any one person in the Godhead as to exclude the other for all the three persons sc. Father Son and Holy Ghost being one in Essence or Godhead they must necessarily be one in working or as it were joyn hand in hand in all external works whether of Creation or Providence And therefore when the Creation is ascribed in the Apostles Creed to the Father Almighty it doth not exclude the Son or Holy Ghost from being Almighty or from joining with the Father in the work of Creation but only because the Father is the first in order of the three persons when we conceive of them and because there might be in the Church an outward distinction made but no real separation among the three persons in those works which are more eminently and peculiarly affirmed of each person as that the Father creates the Son redeems and the Spirit sanctifies 2. That he did not as an Artificer begin his work upon or out of materials which is beyond the skill of art and power of nature 3. Without any instrument or help for 1. There was nothing then in Being when he began his work therefore no instrument 2. He needed none being infinite in power 3. To have used any would not have been so consistent with the glory of his Wisdom and Power 4. Obs. That he did his work in six days that we might see it was a work of Wisdom and Counsel and not of Chance and to set us an example to work six days and rest the seventh 5 ly That he made all very good in their nature in their order and in their end A. 10. God created man male and female after his own image in knowledg righteousness and holiness with dominion over the creatures Homil. xij He was made after the similitude and image of God endued with all kind of heavenly gifts he had no spot of uncleanness in him was sound and perfect in all parts both inwardly and outwardly his reason was uncorrupt his understanding was pure and good his will was obedient and godly he was made altogether like unto God in righteousness and holiness in wisdom and truth to be short in all kind of perfection God made him Lord and Ruler over all the works of his hands Homil. viij Whom also he had created to his own image and likeness and given him the use and government over them all to the end he should use them in such
sort as he had given them in charge and commandment and also that he should declare himself thankful c. Expl. 10. God created man male and female i. e. in both Sexes man out of the dust of the earth and the woman of the Rib that he took out of the mans Side which creation is to be understood concerning the bodies of both not of the soul of either of them for the soul was not made of any materials at all but the reasonable soul was immediately infused into their bodies when God breathed into them the breath of life so that the soul is q.d. the breath of God There is a twofold image of God 1. That which is in God and so Christ the Second person in the Trinity is said to be the express image of the person of God the Father because in him the fulness of the Godhead dwells bodily 2. There is the image of God which is out of God or external to him and such an image of God was man in his first Creation 1 st In respect of his soul and that more generally in the nature of it God is a Spirit and so is mans soul God's immortal so that But more particularly 1. In knowledg of what was necessary to be known by him in order to Gods glory or his own happiness 2. In righteousness or uprightness i. e. his will did freely and fully comply with the will of God the Law of God being written in his heart 3. In holiness or with a power to do Gods will perfectly 2 dly In respect of his body wherein he did resemble the majesty not the spirituality of God for there was so much of majesty especially in mans countenance that the inferior creatures did stand in awe of him 3. In respect of the whole man because in his dominion over the creatures he did resemble his Creator in his dominion over the world A. 11. Gods works of Providence are his most holy wise and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures and all their actions Homil. xvij Conservation and governance of the world of liberal goodness which he daily bestoweth on us his reasonable creatures for whose sake he made the whole universal world with all the commodities and goods therein Take him for God omnipotent invisible having rule in Heaven and Earth having all things in subjection and will have none in counsel with him nor any to ask the reason of his doing for he may do what liketh him and none can resist him Dan. 11. For he worketh all things in his secret judgment to his own pleasure yea even the wicked to damnation saith Solomon Prov. 16. God hath not so created the world that he is careless of it but he still preserveth it by his goodness he still stayeth it in his creation To make our humble suits in prayers to his fatherly Providence Expl. 11. By Gods actual Providence we are to understand his ordering of all things in time according to his eternal purpose or the counsel of his own will or in plain English 't is his doing what he will in the world whether it be in Heaven or Earth For further explanation of this matter we are to know 1 st That according to our apprehension there are these distinctions and kinds of Providence 1. We have his eternal Providence or his decreeing purposing designing Providence which is nothing else but that frame method or order of government which was in the mind of God from everlasting before there was a world or any creature in it to be govern'd and of this was spoken before 2. His actual Providence which he hath exercised ever since he made the world as 1. In the conservation of things in their beings so that of all the species or kinds of creatures which he made he has lost none Individuals indeed do dye and perish and return to their dust but the species or kinds of creatures do not men dye this and that and t'other individual person in reference to their bodies but man does not or rather mankind does not 2. In the actual government of all things by his wisdom which he doth preserve by his infinite power for God does not do by the World as the Ship-Carpenter by the Ship build and leave it and never look after it more but he doth look after the preservation of it as the Owner and the government of it as the Pilot. Other distinctions there are of Providence as 2. That it is either mediate and ordinary as where God makes use of means and second causes and therein does observe the order which he has set in nature as Hos. 2.22 and this order in nature is called the Law of nature Or else immediate and extraordinary when in the works of Providence as well as of Creation he works without means as in the preserving of Daniel in the Lyons Den. 2 dly For the matter and extent of Providence it reaches to all creatures even to the Sparrows and to the hair of the head 3 dly For the manner and this 1. Holy or most perfect or in a way suitable to the perfection of his nature 2. Wise for he does not only do all in the best way but for the highest end 3. Powerful for he brings to pass what he will have done with an almighty easiness and without any difficulty to himself A. 12. When God had created man he entred into a Covenant of life with him upon condition of perfect obedience forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledg of good and evil upon pain of death To. 2. Homil. xxi God as soon as he had created man gave unto him a certain Precept and Law which he being yet in the state of innocency and remaining in Paradise should observe as a pledg and token of his due and bounden obedience with denunciation of death if he did transgress and break the said Law and Commandment In the which obedience if man had continued still there had been no poverty no diseases no sickness no death c. Expl. 12. The wise and gracious Creator having made man a reasonable creature and having also stampt his own image upon him and thereby rendered him fit for and capable of happiness in the enjoyment of himself and there being no other way to this enjoyment but by union and communion with himself he was most graciously pleased in order thereunto to make a Covenant with man giving a Law to him as soon as he had made him and in him with all his posterity wherein he promised life to him and in him to all mankind upon condition of perfect and personal obedience And that God might try him how he would carry it being now brought within the bounds of this Covenant he was pleased to lay this particular positive Precept upon him That he should not eat of the tree of knowledg of good and evil c. upon pain of death which Precept he
its corrupt and carnal state to a state of real and true holiness though imperfect in this life the mind renewed in saving-knowledg the will renewed by being subdued and made pliable to the will of God the affections renewed by being spiritualized or fixed upon spiritual good objects and so the memory conscience phancy c. as also the life because in this change a man becomes a new man The particular parts of which sanctification are 1. Mortification or a Believers being dead unto sin i. e. in his inclinations thoughts cares affections endeavours all which were before lively and strong towards sin 2. Vivification or a living unto righteousness i. e. being holy in all manner of conversation A. 36. The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from Justification Adoption and Sanctification are assurance of Gods love peace of conscience joy in the Holy Ghost increase of grace and perseverance therein unto the end To. 1. Hom. ix p. 2. All those therefore have great cause to be full of joy that be joined to Christ with true faith stedfast hope and perfect charity and not to fear death nor everlasting damnation But rather contrariwise their godly conversation in this life and belief in Christ cleaving continually to his mercies should make them so long sore after that life that remaineth for them undoubtedly after this bodily death To. 2. Hom. xij Released from the burden of sin justified through faith in his blood and finally received up into everlasting glory there to reign with him for ever Expl. 36. By this first priviledg of assurance we are to understand not meerly a believers probable guess or conjecture or his hope and expectation to be saved but an infallible certainty or that which is called in Scripture the full assurance of faith concerning the love of God and the believers eternal salvation which certainty is built 1. Upon the infallible certainty of Gods promise to save those who do believe or accept of Christ as he is tendered in the Gospel 2. Upon the unquestionable evidence of the truth and reality of those graces unto which the promise of salvation is made 3. Upon the necessary connexion which there is betwixt the means and the end betwixt true and saving-grace and salvation it self 4. And upon the sure testimony of the Spirit of Adoption witnessing with the spirit or conscience of this or that particular believer by name that he is a Child of God Concerning which assurance these three things are to be noted 1. That there may be a true saving-faith where there is not the full assurance of faith It doth belong to a believer only but not to every believer 2. That it is every believers duty to look after this assurance to use his utmost endeavours to make his Calling and Election sure 3. Though this assurance may be darkened diminished and interrupted through sin or temptation yet it is ever accompanied with so much secret support to the soul as that it does keep the soul from total and final despair And so there is room left still for the second benefit sc. peace of conscience in which there is 1. Something privative sc. a very comfortable freedom not perfect and universal from that which Divines call trouble of mind arising from the apprehension of guilt and of the wrath of God and though in one who has this assurance the peace of his mind may be disturbed yet it is but disturbed and not absolutely lost as the peace of a State is not lost by every tumult whereby it is disturbed 2. There is something positive in this peace sc. that sweet calm and satisfaction which there is in the mind upon the attaining of this assurance Third benefit sc. Ioy in the Holy Ghost sc. a joy springing up in the soul from the comfort and certainty of his testimony and for the sweetness of his presence Fourthly growth of grace If not so observably in the leaf and fruit yet in the root like a plant in winter Perseverance in grace Not depending upon the mutability of mans will but upon the immutability of Gods decree and purpose to save the believer upon the unchangeableness of the Fathers love upon the purchase merit and intercession of the Son upon the abiding presence of the Holy Ghost together with the victorious efficacy of his grace in the soul and upon the stability of the Covenant of grace which is ordered in all things and sure A. 37. The Souls of Believers are at their death made perfect in holiness and do immediately pass into glory and their bodies being still united to Christ do rest in their Graves till the Resurrection Artic. xxij The Romish Doctrine concerning Purgatory Pardons is vainly feigned and grounded upon no warrant of Scripture but rather repugnant to the word of God Hom. vij Of Prayer p. 3. The soul of man passing out of the Body goeth straightways either to Heaven or else to Hell whereof the one needeth no prayer and the other is without redemption The Scripture doth acknowledg but two places after this life the one proper to the elect and blessed of God the other the reprobate and damned souls Expl. 37. At death Believers are made perfect in holiness 1. Negatively i. e. they sin no more from that very moment but are freed from sin for ever 2. Positively 1. The image of God is then perfect in the believers soul and the full bent of his will is to do the will of God as the Angels do it in heaven perfectly and without all reluctancy 2. It doth immediately enter into eternal life when it leaves the body and not into any middle state as that of Purgatory 3. Their bodies though separated from their souls for a time yet they do still remain unseparated from Christ and therefore do remain under his care whilst they sleep in the grave so that he will not lose any one member of them A. 38. At the Resurrection Believers being raised up in Glory shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment and made perfectly blessed in full enjoying of God to all Eternity To. 2. Hom. xiv The truth of this most Christian Article of the resurrection which is the ground and foundation of our whole Religion O most comfortable word evermore to be born in remembrance he dyed saith St. Paul 1 Cor. 15. to put away sin he rose again to endow us with righteousness by his resurrection hath he purchased life and victory for us opened the gates of heaven to enter into life everlasting to enjoy an inheritance immortal that never shall perish which is laid up in heaven for them that are kept by the power of God through faith set with himself among the heavenly Citizens above If thou hast received Christ in true faith with repentance of heart and full purpose of amendment thou hast received him for an everlasting
his indignation P. 2. And though such perjur'd mens falshood he now kept secret yet it shall be open'd at the last day when the secrets of all mens hearts shall be open'd to all the world Almighty God will be a swift witness against them and the curse shall enter into the house of the false and perjur'd man Expl. 56. In the reason of the command 't is intimated 1. That God in a special manner is the avenger of those that abuse his name 2. The certainly of this vengeance 3. That men are apt to be remiss in punishing this Sin A. 57. The fourth Commandment is Remember the Sabbath-day to keep it holy Six days shalt thou labour and do all thy work but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God in it thou shalt not do any work thou nor thy son nor thy daughter thy man-servant nor thy maid-servant nor thy cattel nor the stranger that is within thy gate For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth the sea and all that in them is and rested the seventh day wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath-day and hallowed it Expl. 57. This command being the fourth in order is the last of the first Table or of those commands which do concern piety towards God and in the amplification of it doth require charity and mercy towards man especially towards inferiours as Son Daughter Servant c. and therefore in requiring both duties of piety and mercy it doth as it were glew both the Tables of the Law together As to the matter of the Command 1. Here is a Preface to be noted Remember as if God should have said though you should forget all the other Nine Commands which I would not have you to do neither yet be sure you forget not this In which Remember there is imply'd 1. The importance of the Command that it doth import no less than the whole Religion and duty of man towards God and therefore to be remembred 2. The aptness of men to forget this Command both because the doctrine of it is not to be learnt from the light of nature at least not so clearly as the other Commands and because the duties of it do much cross the grain with corrupt nature 2 dly The thing to be remembred is the Sabbath-day or that day of Rest which God has appointed from all manner of employment and business except works of duty to God charity to man and of absolute necessity relief or mercy towards the inferiour creatures How it is to be remembred we have in the next A. A. 58. The fourth Commandment requireth the keeping holy to God such set-times as he hath appointed in his Word expresly one whole day in seven to be a holy Sabbath unto himself To. 2. Hom. VIII It appeareth to be Gods good-will and pleasure that we should at special times and in special places gather our selves together to the intent his name might be renowned and his glory set forth in the Congregation and Assembly of his Saints And therefore by this Commandment we ought to have time as one day in the week wherein we ought to rest yea from our lawful and needful works Expl. 58. 'T is in this A. expressed in the general how the Sabbath is to be kept holy as also any other day as suppose of Fasting or Thanksgiving which man doth appoint according to Gods will Now to sanctifie a day and particularly the Sabbath is to employ it wholly and solely to that use for which it is sanctified or set apart by God whether it be in reference to the publick or private exercises of Religion And it must be the whole Sabbath-day yet with a merciful respect to nature and the constitution of mens bodies for God will have mercy and not sacrifice beginning at the dawning of the day because Christ the Sun of Righteousness then rose and it is to continue till midnight for so long was Paul engaged in Sabbath-exercises Act. 20. 7 10. This is the time required by this Law but if men have not strength of body to continue so long so there be in them a willing mind God will accept of what strength they have and not what they have not A. 59. From the beginning of the world to the Resurrection of Christ God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath and the first day of the week ever since to continue to the end of the World which is the Christian Sabbath To. 2. Hom. VIII Remember saith God that thou keep holy the Sabbath-day upon which day as it is plain in Act. 13. the people accustomably resorted together and heard diligently the Law and the Prophets read among them And albeit this Commandment doth not bind Christian people as touching the precise keeping the seventh day after the manner of the Iews for we keep now the first day which is our Sunday Dominical or Lords-day and make that our Sabbath i. e. our day of rest in honour of our Saviour Christ who as upon that day rose from death conquering it triumphantly yet notwithstanding whatsoever is found in the Commandment appertaining to the Law of Nature as a thing most godly most just and needful for the setting forth of Gods glory it ought to be retained and kept of all good Christian people If we will be children of our heavenly Father we must be careful to keep the Christian Sabbath which is the Sunday i. e. Dominical or Lords-day not only for that it is Gods express Commandment but also to declare our selves to be loving children in following the example of our gracious Lord and Father This Example and Commandment of God the godly Christian people began to follow immediately after the ascension of our Lord Christ chusing a standing day not the Seventh which the Iews kept but the Lords-day the day of the Lords Resurrection the day after the Seventh day which is the First day of the week Expl. 59. The old Sabbath as we see by this A. was the seventh day of the week in order that is the Iews did observe our Saturday for their seventh-day-Sabbath and the reason of it is expressed in the command sc. God rested from Creation-work that day But the morality or indispensable and perpetual obligation of this command doth not necessarily require the seventh in order for that is Ceremonious and abrogated together with the Iewish Sabbath but it doth necessarily require the keeping holy of a seventh day for number or a seventh part of the week to be spent in Sabbath-duties which seventh part is now by the Resurrection of Christ upon the first day and by his own immediate authority or by that which he gave to his Apostles fixt upon that first day now commonly called our Sunday or Dominical i. e. Lords-day and no other even to the end of the world Though there be no express mention made of this change from the last to the first
rule for then they ask amiss for the manner and matter both 2 And more particularly the Lords Prayer for this may be used not only as a Prayer it self Luk. 11.2 but also as a pattern for all other Prayers not so much for method and order for we are not so strictly tyed to that as for matter in which we are not to deviate from this so comprehensive directory in the matter of Prayer Mat. 6.9 3 dly In the name of Christ i. e 1 By virtue of his warrant and authority because he doth command us to pray What is done by his authority is in his Name 2 Making use of him as our Mediator or Intercessor or great Master of Requests in Heaven for we are strangers to God and enemies to him naturally and so must make use of the Name of Christ and not of our own 2 dly The ordinary kinds or parts of Prayer are 1 Confession of sin either expressed or implyed for when we beg or petition for any mercy we are to own our unworthiness of it which we cannot well do without confession of sin 2 Thanksgiving for there is something of the nature of Prayer in such acknowledgments scit our desire that God would accept of our Sacrifices of Praise and Christ has taught us in our Prayer to praise God For thine is the Kingdom c. A. 100. The Preface of the Lords Prayer which is Our Father which art in heaven teacheth us to draw near to God with all holy reverence and confidence as children to a Father able and ready to help and that we should pray with and for others Hom. XVII Consider his great power to make us dread and fear high wisdom inestimable goodness to take good heart again to trust well unto him being assured to take him for our refuge our hope and comfort our merciful Father in all the cases of our lives Expl. 100. The Preface teacheth many lessons 1 Solemn Preparation that we come not rashly to pray but bethink our selves before-hand to whom we are to pray 2 Reverence as the name Father doth import 3 Access with boldness that we may go to God as freely in and through Christ as Children can go to their natural Parents 4 Confidence of speeding all the while we ask aright for the matter and manner and end for when men do not speed 't is because they ask amiss i. e either what they should not or as they should not or wherefore they should not 5 Gods readiness to hear and help therefore called our Father none more ready to help a Child than the Father of â—t 6 Gods pity and compassion towards his children which does move him to help them As a father pities his children c. 7 That great Article of our Creed Communion of Saints for all true Christian supplicants have one common union in that one common relation of children unto God and therefore called our Father 8 Compassion that we do pity and pray one for another being all of us children of the same common Father 9 That though God is present in all places yet Heaven is in a more especial manner the habitation of his holiness because he doth there more immediately gloriously and fully communicate of himself to the Angels and Spirits of just men made perfect 10 That man being a sinful supplicant should know his distance from the great God and with all humble and thankful admiration acknowledg Gods condescention towards him in that he is willing to receive any petition from him A. 101. In the first Petition which is Hallowed be thy Name We pray that God would enable us and others to glorifie him in all that whereby he makes himself known and that he would dispose all things to his own glory To. 2. Hom. VII p. 3. We are taught whensoever we make our prayers unto God chiefly to respect the honour and glory of his Name Expl. 101. This is not only the first Petition in this Prayer but the first of those Petitions wherein we are taught to beg good things for the two last Petitions in this Prayer are deprecatory against evil Now from the shortness of all these Petitions in general we may observe that the efficacy of Prayer doth not consist in the multitude of words but doth most shew it self in a holy fervency and ardour of affections In this Petition there is 1 st Something supposed as the ground of this Petition as 1 That man ought to make the glory of God his chief end in all his designs 2 That by his natural power and without the grace of God he is not able to glorifie God 2 dly We have the matter of the Petition Hallowed be thy name In which words we do pray in the general that all the Attributes Titles Ordinances Words and Works of God whereby he is made known may be heartily and highly valued and esteemed and magnified in the world More particularly we beg 1 That God would give us hearts 2 Grace to shew forth his glory in all our words thoughts actions and capacities 3 That he would prevent or remove all that sin especially whereby the lustre of his glory in the world is most eclipsed as Atheism Ignorance Idolatry Oppression c. 4 That he would so lay the scene of his Providence in the government of the world that he may still get to himself a glorious name whether it be in works of power wisdom justice or mercy for though he will do this whether we beg it or no yet 1 it is our duty because commanded 2 Hereby we shew our love to God by this zeal for his glory 3 To our own souls for his glory and our happiness are twisted together A. 102. In the second Petition which is Thy Kingdome come We pray that Satans Kingdome may be destroyed that the Kingdome of Grace may be advanced our selves and others brought into it and kept in it and that the Kingdome of Glory may be hastened To. 2. Hom. XVI p. 2. He of his great mercy so works in all mens hearts by the mighty power of the Holy Ghost that the comfortable Gospel of his Son Christ may be truly preached truly received and truly followed in all places to the beating down of sin death the Pope the Devil and all the Kingdom of Antichrist that like scattered and dispersed sheep being at length gathered into one fold we may in the end rest altogether in the bosome of Abraham Isaac and Iacob there to be partakers of eternal and everlasting life through the merits and death of Jesus Christ our Saviour Expl. 102. By kingdom we are to understand in the general Gods rule and dominion and power that he exerciseth in the world both over all his creatures and particularly over men Now in reference to the wicked God doth exercise the kingdom of his power and justice in restraining or punishing them and thus to pray that
encouraged to ask because by his grace we are enabled from the heart to forgive others To. 2. Hom. IX Dissention and discord interrupt prayer For the Lords Prayer hath not only a respect to particular persons but to the whole universal in the which we openly pronounce that we will forgive them which have offended against us even as we ask forgiveness of our sins of God Hom. VII p. 2. What if we be sinners shall we not therefore pray unto God or shall we despair to obtain any thing at his hands Why did Christ then teach us to ask forgiveness of our sins c. Expl. 105. In reference to the petition about forgiveness there is 1 something imply'd 2 The matter of the Petition and 3 the illustration of it 'T is imply'd 1 That man is naturally a guilty creature and under the condemnation and consequently obnoxious to the curse of the Law both by reason of Original and Actual sin 2 That of himself he cannot make satisfaction to Divine Justice nor any other for him Christ only excepted who is God as well as man For if man or any other creature for him could satisfie Gods justice he might then stick to that plea and stand at the bar of Justice whereas he is now forc'd to the throne of Grace 3 That God only can forgive sin for man is here directed only to God 4 That confession of sin and petition unto God for pardon is the way to obtain this pardon in and through Christ. 2 dly The matter of the petition or that we pray for 't is directly and expresly remission or forgiveness of sins and then consequently the imputation of Christs righteousness to us by virtue whereof we may find acceptance with God the Father in and by and through the merit of the righteousness of his Son Christ. For as by bread in the former Petition we do by a Synecdoche understand all the necessaries of this corporal life so in this Petition by forgiveness we may understand that which is so necessary to eternal life Christs righteousness to be imputed to us or in one word in this Petition we beg justification of our persons as in the next we beg sanctification of our natures hearts and lives In short sith there is forgiveness with God that he may be feared we who are so many condemned Malefactors must make our application and our supplication to him and to him alone for pardon for sin is such a burden and of such intolerable weight that 't is only omnipotent mercy that can remove the guilt of it from the consciences of men it being an opposition to the holiness of Gods nature who is infinite as well as a violation of that Law which is exceeding broad and therefore by the way sin may very well pass for the greatest of evils sith 1 only the righteousness of Christ is broad enough to cover it that the shame of the sinners nakedness may not appear 2 only the mercy of an infinite God could pardon it 3 sith 't is a down-right defacing of the image of God in man and instead thereof drawing the black lines or image of Satan upon mans soul 4 and is consequently the greatest enemy to mans happiness and perfection 5 It doth procure for the impenitent unpardoned sinner the eternal wrath of God and flames of hell Q. But it may be here demanded why our sins are called debts For an Answer we are to know in the general that they are not so properly but metaphorically with allusion to those debts that are contracted between man and man for God is not to be consider'd properly as a Creditor but as a Governour so that in strict sense our obedience rather than our sin is our debt to God and such a debt as we owe to him by the Law of our Creation so that our sins are called our debts only because sin doth make punishment to become a debt which we owe unto God and 't is our just debt and of the two it is punishment which man doth suffer for sin that comes nearer to the nature and notion of a debt than sin it self this being a due debt to Gods Justice as obedience is to his Authority however we cannot pray that this debt of punishment be remitted except we beg that guilt which is an obligation to punishment be first removed 3ly We have the illustration of the matter of this Petition by an apt similitude or resemblance sc. as we forgive our debtors which words with reference to God are not to be considered either as a rule that God should proceed in the same manner to forgive us as we do others or as a standard that God should measure out so many pardons to us as we give to those who do offend us but 1 as an argument 2 as an evidence The argument proceeds from the Jess to the greater that if we who have but as it were a drop of mercy can forgive others how much more will God who is an Ocean of free-grace and love it self forgive us not that our forgiving others is meritorious of Gods forgiving us 2 Our forgiving others when 't is done freely and heartily and universally 't is a fruit of the love and mercy of God shed abroad in our hearts an evidence of true grace in the soul or of sanctification and those whom he has sanctified he has also justified A. 106. In the sixth Petition which is And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil We pray that God would either keep us from being tempted to sin or support and deliver us when we are tempted To. 2. Hom. IX Must crave continually of god the help of his holy Spirit so to rule their hearts left hatred and debate do arise brawlings tauntings cursings and fightings Which are from the ghostly enemy who taketh great delight therein They are compassed by the Devil whose temptation if followed must needs begin and weave the web of all miseries and sorrows They will not consider the crafty trains of the Devil and therefore give not their thoughts to pray to God that he would vouchsafe to repress his power Expl. 106. In this Petition there are two things necessarily suppos'd as 1 The wickedness or perversness of mans nature to sin for when we beg that God would not lead us into temptation we do own a proneness to fall into it 2 The weakness of mans nature to resist temptations or to come off without any final damage when we are tempred for therefore do we pray to God to deliver us from evil that if the wise God in his wise and just providence for holy and just ends do so order things that we be assaulted by the Devil the World or the Flesh yet that God would so powerfully support and assist us by his Grace and Spirit that we be not overcome but that we may recover as a Bird out of the snare of the Fowler We do not absolutely