trot your horse as also when you manege or runne him you shall also learne therby how to handle both speare and sworde to which ende the bearing of the rod chieflye serueth Wherfore it shal not greue me here to shewe you the order thereof And first when you do but pace or trot youre horse you shall beare the rod in youre right hande with the pointe right vp towardes your right shoulder holdinge the neyther ende therof betwixt youre thombe and youre other fingers distended and not clsosed And when you woulde occupye it you shal let the point fal either on the left side or on the right according as occasion shall require But when you manege youre horse you shall streatche out your arme towardes your right thighe and couche your rod crosswise ouertwharte the horses necke and when he hath made his first course and turned on the right hande Then a litle before the end of his second course when he is in a maner ready to turne on the left hande you shal lift your rodde from thence and holde it with the point right forth on the right side of his hed not far from his eye or els somwhat lower towardes the eye of the bit ▪ and as he chaungeth tournes to and fro so shall you chaunge the placing of your rod either of the one side or of the other Which be the .ii. cheife warding places of the sword Or if you will you may holde your rod as you woulde doe a speare when you runne that is with the pointe vpward and the nether end low towards your thigh but not resting vpon your thigh a litle before that ye come to the place of tourning you may let the point fal on that side whiche is requisite and so soone as youre horse hathe made his tourne to holde it againe with the point vp as before wherby you shal lerne to charge and discharge a staffe Now as touching the vsage of your rod in helpinge or correcting your horse for the waye of cherishinge him therwith is before taught bicause I cannot as I haue heretofore saide teache you the particularities thereof vntil I come vnto the horses lessons Let it suffice you therefore in the meane tyme to learne these generall rules here folowing First if your horse will not tourne on any syde that you would haue him then beate him with your rod on the contrarye side As for example if you woulde haue him to tourne on the right side then beat him on the lefte shoulder and if you woulde haue him to tourne on the lefte side then strike hym on the right shoulder Likewise if he be harder or heauyer or goe more disorderlye on the one side then on the other beare your rodde for the most part on that side to thintent the sight therof may put him in remembraunce of his fault Againe when you would haue him light before strike him on the forepartes as on his shoulders and forelegs and when you woulde haue him light behinde strike him on the flankes rompe and hanches In what time and how much shal be taught you hereafter ¶ Of the Bridle and reanes Cap. x. GRison compareth the bridle vnto the stearn of a ship for as the shippe is wholy guided by the stearne so the horses head is onelye ruled by the bridle and therfore this is an instrument which requireth many considerations not only for the diuers fashions of bittes together with the members therof as the cheekes kurbles portes trenches and suche like meete to serue diuerse mouthes and to correct diuers vices as heareafter shal be declared in the third booke at large and set out with figures but also for the knowyng how and when to vse the same For it is the riders part first to knowe when to ride his horse with a bit then with what maner of bit and how to vse the same at the first putting of it in to the horses mouth and in what part of his mouthe the bit hath to rest Then howe to holde the reanes when euen together and when one shorter then another and what measure he shall kepe with his hande in bearinge harde or loose highe or lowe when to vse false reanes and when to leaue them when and howe to correct him with the bridle and when to helpe him of all whiche thinges I entende here to speake briefly and so plainlie as I can First therfore when your horse can trot cleane and kepe the ringe yea and stoppe and tourne indifferently well on both handes Then take a plaine Cannon with right chekes such a one as hath bene somwhat worne before and put it on with the headstall ouer his headstraine makinge him with the reanes therof by litle and litle to fele it in his mouth and see that the bit lye vppon his nether gummes a litle aboue his greate teeth or tushes whiche is the due resting place therof And if the bit were first annointed with a little hony and salt it would make him the more to delight in it and to be alwayes champing theron and to staye his mouth vpon it the more temperatly For if his mouth be distempred at the beginning it is not afterward so easely holpen whiche thinge is lytle considered of oure Englyshe horsemen that vse to ride their yong horses euen at the first with so rough a brake or bit as may be gotten which is one of the chiefest causes why we haue so many headstrong Iades Now as touching the holding of the reanes you must holde them in your left hand so as your litle finger and ringe finger may be betwixte the two reanes and that your thombe may lie close vpon the reanes with the brawne therof turned towardes the pomel of your sadell and if you haue no rod when you manege him or run him thē you shall take the ouerplus of the reanes that hangeth downe by the midst in your right hande holdinge the same hard by your right thigh And the more that you tourne the nether ende of your left fist inwarde and the the vpper ende outwarde the more you shall bringe in your horses head but therin you must vse discretion according as occasion shal serue And in dede to saye the trueth that point appertaineth not so much to the holding of the reanes as to the bearing of your bridle hād wherof there be .iii. maner of waies The first is to bear it low beneath the pomell of the saddel euen vpon the wythers and that is to correct him The second is to beare it somwhat higher about the middle of the pommell and that is to maintaine him The thirde is to beare it vppon the vppermost edge of the pommell and neuer much higher and that is to be vsed onelye when you would manege him or make him to do any thyng For to beare the bridle hand ouer high as the vnskilful Numidians in Affrike vse to doe is disalowed for dyuers respectes First for that it werieth the arme Secondly
I would wyshe you to tourne him most commonly at the second bounde rather then at the thirde so shall he be able to turne the more redily and to kepe the better tyme and measure in his turning Of manege wythout rest Cap. xxiii BUt if your horse be of no force or of a heuy mould then you maye teache hym the manege wythout rest by turnyng hym sodenly vpon the stop wherin also he shal neuer be perfect vnlesse he be first vsed to the manege with haulfe rest but remember that in the manege without rest you cause your horse at the last stop to aduaunce once at the least For it is none errour at al but a comely sighte in all .iii. kindes of maneges at the last stop to aduaunce twyse or thryse And note that in all these .iii. kyndes of Maneges it is praise worthye when the horse in his aduauncinge bow hys houghes behind and tourneth round with the Chambetta For whiche pourpose it were not amysse to manege hym sometime in suche place whereas the grounde si at ech ende of the manegynge path somwhat hanging Note also that in maneging youre horse it is no small helpe vnto him in euery tourne that he maketh to accompany him with your person in this sorte folowinge Whē he turneth on the right hand turne you your left shoulder towardes his left eare more or lesse as nede shal require kepinge youre bodye for all that still right in the midst of the saddle so as the raynes of your backe may directly aunswere the ridge bone of his backe Neuertheles when you fele him to bend his hinder houghes then leane you somwhat backward for that shall make him to close his turne the more roundlye and swiftlye And when he tourneth on the left hande accompanye him with your right shoulder toward his right eare obseruyng lyke order as before If youre horse be verye weake or feeble eyther by nature or by ouermuche trauell then it shal be good somtime to manege hym with a soft pace and not to trot him vsing hym for the most part to that kind of manege whiche shal be most meete for his strength least by often chaūging you cleane disorder him and he neuer become pertect in any of them When your horse can make all these three kindes of maneges both with soft pace with trot Then you may manege him in any of the said kindes with a gallop geuing him on eche hande but one single tourne and see that the first and last be always of the right hand And a litle before you turne him remember to hold your rod on the contrarye side wherby your horse shall know on what syde to tourne and at the stop make him to aduaunce helping him with your voice or with your rod or with the euen stroke of your spurres or of the calues of your legges And in twoo of the foresaide kyndes of maneginge if your horse be redye of his heeles and light behind you may also make him to yarke aswell at his stop as in his turne That is to say in the manege with halfe rest and in the manege with whole rest for in the manege without rest it cannot be decent But in thother .ii. you may at the first or second bound of his aduauncing helpe him with your voice rod or spurres to yarke there once and at the closing of his tourne to yarke againe So as at euerye ende of the manegynge course he shal yarke twise once forward and once backward Or if you will you may cause him to yarke at ech ende but once and that woulde be at the closing of hys turne settinge his heade that waye that his tayle before stoode But before you gallop him it were good to pace him and to tourne him faire and softlye in the same path to and fro about .xii. times Which shal make him the redier when he is afterward maneged wyth a gallop yea and if you did the like after that you haue maneged him with a gallop so that you first suffer him to breath a while it shoulde do him no harme as you shal well perceiue if you manege hym againe the next daye folowing And beware that in maneging your horse ye gallop him not at the first to swyftlye for so shall he neuer be able to continue wyth one tyme and measure neyther in his courses nor yet in his tournes for after a while euery one shall be slower then another whiche shoulde be verye vnsemelye and therefore good respect woulde be had to the quality of the horse whether he be able to endure a swift manege or not For if you perceyue that he is naturallye stronge and hath a good mouth and can tourne redily on both handes then you may be the bolder to geue him a swift manege But if he be to liuelie or els be laden with great cheekes or hard of mouth or if he be feble of backe and legs then albeit he semeth to haue a gentle mouth by meanes perhaps of good breakynge yet you must gallop him with the more respect Notwithstandinge if he hath strength in his backe and loynes then thother defectes be not so much materiall but that wyth good breakinge he may be maneged any maner of waye but the surest way for all maner of horses is to manege him with a soft pace or with a trot and seldome with a gallop Hitherto we haue spoken of maneginge with single tournes Now therfore we wil talke a litle of maneging wyth double tournes Maneging with double tournes Cap. xxiiii ALthough maneging with the double tournes appertaineth rather to the sterrer then to the horse of seruyce yet it shall not be out of tyme to talke therof in thys place And note that you may teach your horse to manege with the double tournes two maner of waies wherof the first is in this sort Pace him or trot him right out the length of twenty or thirtye paces as you did before And when you come to the place of stop let him aduaunce once twise or thryse together according as the kynde of manege which you woulde haue him to make shall require geuyng him there a double tourne and halfe a turne on the right hand whiche maketh in al .v. single turnes or if he be very strong you may geue him .ii. double tournes and halfe a tourne on the right hand which amounteth to .ix. single or halfe turnes That done trot him back againe in the self same path and geue him the like nūber of turnes on the left hand so folow on still continuing the same order so long as you thinke your horse can wel endure then at the last stop make him to aduaūce twise or thrise together so leaue The second waye is thus When you come to the place of stop geue him at the first but halfe a tourne on the right hand and sodenly chaunging handes let him close the double turne on the leaft hand that done trot him backe againe in the selfe same path vnto the other ende and
perhaps maye be vnmete to receyue anye number of men Secondly it is perillous For if the horse be headstronge and shoulde chaunce to breake the kirble the raynes or porthe mouthes of his bridle he might run headlonge vpon the lookers on And therfore I would not wyshe a Prynce or noble man to take viewe of a horse in that place vnlesse it were from a house oute of a windowe or from some skaffolde But rather to stand on the one syde towarde the midde Cariere and distaunt from the stopping place the length of a maneging course so shall he stande without daunger and see the beginning the middle and ending And it should be so much the better if he stande on the right hande of the Ryder for so the Ryder at both endes of the maneginge path in maneging his horse shall tourne his face alwayes towardes the Prince and not his backe The place of standinge then beinge thus appointed and the Prince there readye to beholde what your horse can do Ride first faire and softlye toward the Prince to doe your reuerence that done depart with a good rounde trotte towarde the farthest ende of the Cariere path bearing your rod wyth the point vpwarde towardes your right shoulder accordinge as I haue taught you heretofore and beynge come to th ende let the point of your rod fall towarde the left shoulder of youre horse and make him to tourne an haulfe tourne on the right hand then to staye a litle whyle that done passe him forward first three or foure steppes faire and softly and immediatlye after put spurres vnto him geuinge hym a liuelie swift and lustye Cariere and passe before the Prince vnto the place of stopp whereas after that he hath stopt euen vpon his buttockes then at the first seconde or thirde bonnde of his aduauncing according to that kinde of Manege that you will vse or that the horse can doe most redily and can best endure You shal tourne him on the right hand and so go backe agayne in the selfe same path the length of a maneging course and there stop him and tourne him on the left hande and so obseruinge alwayes one tyme and measure manege him to and fro as oft together as you shal thinke meete but let the last stop be at th end where the Prince standeth who shal be then harde by you on youre lefte hande Or if you will when you passe the Cariere you maye stoppe him somwhat shorte of the Prince And after that he hath aduaunced putte him forwarde the length of a maneging course and there according to the manege that you woulde haue him to make turne him on the right hand and so come backe againe in the selfe same path vnto the place where you did stoppe him before at the ende of his Cariere and there stop him and tourne him on the lefte hande and so geue him to and fro .iiii. maneginge courses And if the horse be verye strong you may geue him .vi. And by this meanes the first and last tourne shal be on the right hande and the last stop also before the Prince You maye also stop your horse when you first run hym euen right against the Prince or els .ii. or .iii. yardes beyonde hym and so without puttinge him anye further forwarde in his aduauncing to turne him on the right hande and then to folowe on wyth that kynde of manege that he can most readelye make not passinge the number of two or fower Courses at the most stopping sodenly vpon the last turne which must be on the right hand where he stopt first so shal the Prince be on your left hand And after that you haue stopt youre horse in whiche so euer of these places it be make him to double on eche hande once or twise together and immediatlye after or elles before intertaigne him with the Capriole and Coruetti But he shoulde do the Capriole with a liuelier courage if he were put vnto it before he passe the Cariere and manege beyng both done you may make him to double againe as before But maneging and doubling after a Cariere belongeth to a horse of great force Which in dede should represent in all his doinges the verye order of fight obserued in the fielde which is but litle vsed nowe a dayes because of the generall weakenes of oure horses therefore I will teache you an other order of riding your horse to the shewe in such sort as he shal seme to haue more strength then he hath in dede Which is done onlye by obseruing cleane contrary order to the first For wheras you did first make him to passe a Cariere now you shall first manege him not geuinge aboue .vi. or .viii. courses if you will haue them to be swift or of like tyme vnlesse the horse be the stronger for then you may geue him ten or twelue courses and vsing any of these foresayde numbers you shall be alwayes driuen to make the last stop where you first began And hauing aduaūced geue him either sixe double turnes that is on the right hand .ii. on the left hād two and on the right hand two or if you will but thre tournes in all wherof the first and last must be on the right hand And if he can do the Capriole wel you may cause him to do it immediatly vpon the same neuerthelesse it were more ease for him to do it before he double That done go to th ende of the Cariere path and geue him a liuelie Cariere stopping him a little before you come at the prince who shall stand then on youre right hand and after that he hath aduaūced let him double as before For it is always more ease for a horse to double in th ende of a manege or a Cariere then at anye other tyme. You maye also after he hath run stopt and aduaunced let him breath a whyle in the selfe same place and then geue him what kinde of manege you shall thinke good wherin good discretion must be vsed to consider the quality strength and condicion of the horse to thintente that order tyme and measure maye be kept accordinglye ¶ Here endeth the seconde booke THE THIRDE BOOKE OF THE ARTE OF RIDINGE ¶ Of the corrections of vices in generall Cap. i. MIndinge to treate here of the corrections of such vyces as horses haue either by nature or euill custome I think it most mete to begin first with those vyces that bee incident to the chiefest partes and members of the horse that is say the mouth head and necke vpon the ordering or disordering wherof chieflye dependeth the making and marringe of the horse But for so much as the most part of the vyces of the mouth are corrected by the qualitye of the bitte I pourpose therefore to reserue theym vntill I come to talke of the diuersities of bittes ¶ Of the vyces of the heade and necke and first howe to correct youre horse when he beareth hys heade or necke awry Cap. ii
make no matter To these rynges is also added a middle forrowe with twoo places of stopping and turning mete to manege your horse therein to and fro whereof we shall treate hereafter in his due place more at large THus you may continue shifting from ring to ring and folowyng still the right hande vntill you see that he beginneth somewhat to yealde which I beleue he wil do by that time that you haue trotted him about .xlv. times which make .vii. large turnes a halfe that is to say .xxi. times about the left ring .xxiiii. tymes about the right ringe or if that suffiseth not you may trot him .xxvii. times about the left ringe and .xxx. times about the right ringe whiche maketh .ix. large turnes and a halfe and that is a conuenient number for any horse hauinge that fault though he be right good of breath And when he hath ended his ringe tournes you may trot him right out in the middle forrowe the lēgth of a good Cariere and there after that you haue made him to stoppe and to aduaunce you shall make muche of him and suffer him to stay a good while holding as well than as at all other times vntil he hath amēded hys fault the right reane of his bridle shorter then the other and after that he hath so pawsed and is quiet you shall cause a footeman that hath some skill to stand right against him with a sticke in his hande and whilst you moue your fist to turne youre horse on the right hand the footeman in the same instaunt shal strike him with his sticke on the left side of his nose and not leaue beatyng him vntill he tourne not forgetting alwayes whilst he beate hym to vse that sounde of the toung which I taught you before And to thintent that the horse at suche time reare not right vp he may beat him somtime vpon the legs by which so molesting him doubt ye not but that you shal make him to turne as he ought to do and hauinge tourned you shall first make muche of him and then trotte him backe againe in the same path or forrowe euen harde to the edge of the ringes from whence ye came Wheras you shall appoint another footman to stād with a rod in his hand to thintent that when you haue stopt your horse again there and are ready to turne him which must be stil on the right hand the footeman may rate him by sayinge tourne villaine or such like wordes yea and if nede be also beat him in suche sort as the other man did before But if your horse be verye hard to tourne then to make him do it the more easely you may at euerye end of the path after that he hath stopt and aduaunced make him to goe backe about .ii. paces and in his goinge backe turne him but after that he beginneth to fall somwhat vnto it beware that ye vse not then to make hym goe backe least he get an euill custome to make his tournes altogether abandonate and to much vpon hys hynder loynes Thus by trotting him vp and downe and tourninge him to an fro .vi. or .vii. tymes together when you come out of the rings you shal in the space of iii. daies throughly correct that fault which fault if it were not ouermuche I would not wyshe you in his goyng to and fro to turne him euery time on the right hand but first on the right hand and then on the left interchaungeably but so as the first last tourne may be always on the right hand vsing alwaies such helpes and corrections as are abouesaid But if your horse be harder to tourne on the left hand then on the right then begin first with the left ring obseruing order meare contrary in all thinges to the first whiche I am sure that you can doe of youre selfe without anye more wordes ¶ Syre other Corrections for the fault abouesaid wherof the first here foloweth YOu maye also correct that fault without ridinge him in any rynge or otherwise in this sort First cause him to be brought into some long narrow way enclosed on both sides with hedge dike or wal and there after that you haue reaned vp his head by staying the reanes of the bridle with the button vpon his necke if he be hard to turne on the right hande fasten the one ende of a good longe cord or thong to the middle of the bit on the right side tey the other end vnto his surcingle on the same side straining it good and hard for to make him bowe his necke that done let him so remaine alone in the midst betwyxt you and him that brought him or some other whom you shall thinke mete hauing ech of you a rod in your hand with the whiche roddes you shal chase him betwixt you from one to another by strykinge him alwayes when he commeth towardes eyther of you vppon the left side of the nose and no wher els that shal make him turne on the right hande not forgetting alwayes when you beat him to help him with the sound of the toung before declared and you shall see that in a veri litle while the only sound of the toung the sight of the rods wil make him to turne of his owne accorde without any beating at all Yea the soūd of the toung it selfe is so good a warning vnto hym as if he be once accustomed therunto he will not tary the beating and though sometime he hap to fall downe in his turning it maketh no matter for he wyll ryse againe alone yea and that shal be a very good correction vnto him And when you see that he begynneth to waxe somewhat weary lousen the thong from the surcingle but not frō the bit and immediatly get vp on his backe takynge the louse ende of the thong in your right hande which shall serue in steade of a false reane and trot him foorth the length of .x or .xii. paces and there stop him where as one must stand with a rod in his hand ready first to threaten him and then if nede be to beat him therwith vpon the left side of the nose for to make him tourne And in the same instaunt you shall not only helpe him with your toung but also by straining a litle the thong which is in your right hand And hauyng tourned trot him backe agayne to the place from whence he came wheras may stand also another footman to helpe him at the stop as the former did to tourne agayne on the same side or for lacke of another man you maye tourne him the second time on the left hande and so trot hym forth towardes the first man Thus trotting and tourning him to and fro you shal correct him quickly of that fault neyther shall you nede to vse the helpe of straining the corde or thonge in hys turne aboue twise or thrise at the most For the sounde of the toung the feare of the footmans rod
your horse hath stopt aduaunced and pawsed a while in suche place and order as is aforesaide Then whilest he is quiet and standeth euen with hys body geue him .ii. whole tournes on the right hande one immediatlye after another helpynge him with your tounge or with your rod vpon the contrarye shoulder or els with the caulfe of youre left leg and seldome with your spur That done geue hym other .ii. whole turnes on the left hand vsynge lyke helpes and then .ii. tournes agayne on the right hand and then staye a while making much of him And see that in his turning he bring ouer the contrary legge orderlye and that in closing his tourne he set his head euen where it stode at the first And note here that you may begin the double turnes .ii. maner of waies for you may chose whether you wil haue him to turne at the second or thirde bownde of his aduauncing or els at the first bounde which in dede requireth not so muche obseruaunce of time and measure as the other doth But if your horse be not very apt vnto the double tournes it shal not be amisse to ride him into some long lane or waye and at the hither ende thereof immediatly vpon his stop to geue him one or .ii. whole tournes faire and softlye on the right hande that done to put him gently forward about .ii. paces and there to geue hym the like tournes on the left hand and then to go .ii. paces further and there to turne him again in lyke maner on the right hand and so to folowe on in turninge him still at euery .ii. paces end helpinge him alwayes with your tounge with your rod with the contrarye leg or spur yea and if nede be with the closing stroke of both spurres And when you are come to the farther end of the lane or way geue him .iii. whole tournes whereof the first and last must be on the right hand and so leaue of for that time But note this by the waye that when soeuer he faileth in so going to turne well on any side that than you must turne him againe at the next .ii. paces end on the same side and also correct him with the contrary spur continuing still so to do vntill he hath amended his fault which if he do you shall make muche of hym And yf the waye or lane be shorte where you breake him than beynge come to the farthest end therof you may tourne backe againe in the selfe same path vsing the former order in making him to turne at euery two opaces ende so longe tyme together as you shall thinke mete After this you must seeke to make hym swift in his double turnes for it is not inough to bring ouer the contrary leg orderly and to tourne trulye and decently but also he must turne swyftlye and roundlye for whiche intent you shall vse this order folowinge Make him to trotte or gallop the length of a short Cariere and there stoppe causinge him to aduaunce once twise or thrise together that done helpinge him with your voice and left spur yea and if nede be with the closing stroke first turne him loftelye on the right hande setting his head that way his taile stoode which shall be halfe a turne and there stay a while then close it vp with another halfe turne on the same hand setting his head and all his body in the same path euen as it was at the firste and then make him to doe as muche on the left hand and so to chaunge from hand to hand endyng alwayes on the right And by often soliciting him in this sort you shal not onely make him to turne swiftly but also loftelye or of an indifferent height euen as you list your selfe And when you see him ready inowe in thys then you may cause him to close the whole turne roundlye together without making anye stoppe or stay at the first halfe turne If your horse know how to handle his forelegs then geue him on eche hande .ii. hole tournes allowing two halfe tournes to one hole turne and at the ende of euery thirde halfe tourne helpe hym wyth your toung rod or contrarye spur and if nede be with the closyng stroke so shall he close the last halfe turne both quickly roundlye and comely but as the .ii. laste halfe tournes woulde be done spedely so would the .ii. first haulfe turnes be done leysurely For in those it sufficeth that the horse go orderly with his legs and kepe the right path And by obseruinge this order a whyle you shal see he wil be so swift redy in the first turnes as in the last Notwithstandinge for a good time you shal not vse to hasten him but only at the closynge of euery hole tourne And when he can once make all the tournes in suche order and so swiftlye as they shoulde be done then ordinarily geue him on ech hand .iii. hole turnes wherof let the first be so faire and softly as maye be so shal he cary his forelegs orderly be better able to kepe a swift tyme measure in accomplishing thother ii turnes And though that any of these .ii. waies heretofore prescribed is maruelous good to make any horse be he neuer so dul to be ready and nimble in the double tournes yet must you be able to discerne by your owne discretion which of them is most mete for euery horse for what purpose For if you would haue your horse to yarke in making the double turnes this way is not so mete for that purpose as the first for in euery halfe turne you muste helpe him to yarke once So that in euerye whole turne he shal yarke twyse That is to say once forward and once backeward which he can not do vnlesse he pause somwhat at euery halfe tourne according to the first order before taught But if your horse be hard and dull of the spur and vnapt to the double tournes then if he can bring ouer the contrarye leg ride him into some straight waye or els into the plaine fielde and there make him to tourne so fast as he canne and helpe him continually with your spurres beating him therewith in suche sort as he may haue bloudye sides by the girthes and geue him on eche hand .vii. whole tournes or there about obseruing alwaye that number wherewith you first began helping him also with youre rod on the contrarye shoulder And though he seemeth as then to care but litle for it yet in riding him againe the next daye folowing when his sides shal be sore by meanes of the foremer prickes being then colde and tender and not whote as they were the day before you shal see that the spurre wil quicken him after another sort and make him to remember wherfore he was last corrected And so by vsinge afterwarde the ordinarye helpes you shall make him so readye in the double tournes as you will desire And you may vse like order also when the horse is verye
there likewise geue him halfe a tourne on the left hand and immediatlye lette hym close the double turne on the right hand and so to folowe on wyth double turne and halfe tourne mockt throughe out and atthend let him stop and aduaunce as before is sayd And note that in both these waies of maneging in the beginning the tournes would be made faire and softly to thintent the horse may cary his legges the more orderlye When youre horse can double beinge maneged with a soft pace and trotte then you maye make him to double after one of these twoo sortes beinge maneged with a gallop which must be more or lesse swift accordinge as the horse may endure and be able to kepe lyke time measure so wel in his courses as in his turnes For the double turnes specially two on eche hand do strayne a horse his loynes and synewes very sore if he be weke or not verye lyght of nature Wherefore if your horse haue any such defect and yet you wold haue him to double in his manege then for a while let him vse to make on eche hande but one double tourne so shall he tourne the more roundlye and close his tournes the better yea and with the more strength of his backe whiche wil not decaye so soone with that as with making .ii. double tournes and in processe of time it is possible that you shall make him to tourne so often together as you will youre selfe But yf he be of so grosse a molde as he is not apt to close his turne well then vse him in no wyse to double leaste that he neyther make double nor single turne as he ought to do ¶ Of the helpes and corrections whyche are mete to be vsed for the redresse of suche faultes as commonlye chaunce in manegyng Cap. xxv ANd first as touchinge the ordinarye helpes I saye that if youre horse haue bene wel broken before and taught to tourne redily on both hands as he ought to be before you manege him then he nedeth the lesse helpe For so soone as he shall heare the sound of your tongue or voyce and feele the staying of the brydle he will not tarye to be spurred but turne roundlye of his owne accorde notwythstanding according as he is more or lesse sensible in the beginning of euery maneging course that he maketh it shal not be amisse to help him with the euen stroke of youre spurs yea and also to do the like a litle before he commeth to the place of stop helpinge him also with your voyce for that shall make him to close his tourne with the better grace But if he be dull and heauy then it shal not only be necessarye to helpe him in the beginning of eche course but also in the midst and likewise at the ende of the same in suche order as is abouesaid And in his tourninge remember to helpe him when nede is wyth the contrary leg or spur somtime with the closyng stroke of both spurres as you haue bene hertofore taught And when your horse goeth out of the way and will not kepe the right path then corect him with your rod strikyng him vppon the flāke or with your spur vppon that side the he swarueth If your horse be yong not growen to his ful strēgth it is possible that somtyme for his owne ease he beinge come to the place of stoppe wyll tourne sooner then he should Wherefore you shall do well at the stop to make him aduaunce twise or thrise together then to stand still a while making muche of him that done help him wyth your voyce to tourne wherein if he also make to much haste ▪ and kepeth no time stay him agayne vpon the same another while and so you shall quickly bryng him from that faulte and make him to manege with what time and measure you wyl your selfe Also if your horse haue that fault by meanes that he is ouerliuely and to rash there is no better meane to bring him from it then by vsing him vnto the manege wyth whole rest to stay a prety while together after that he hath aduāced making him alwayes to turne low by the ground to bring ouer the contrary leg or to turne with the Chābetta Agayne there be some horses so froward so spightfull which by meanes of euill breakynge and ouermuch beating when they come to the turning place they wil make eyther to large a turne or elles wythout tyme or measure For correction whereof vse to manege hym with a soft pace vntill he be almost within his length of the tourning place then trot him swiftly or gallop him vnto th end whereas after you haue geuen hym a turne truly closed on the right hand stay him a while that done pace him foorth fayre and softlye vntill he be almost at thother ende and then galloppe him to the place of stop wheras after he hath turned stay hym againe lyke as you did before so continue maneging him still after that sort vntyll you haue gone to and fro viii times at the last stop make him to aduaunce or if you wil you may after his first turne first pace him ii or iii. steps then trot hym swiftly vntil he come somwhat nigh to th end from thence gallop hym to the place of stop obseruing the order in euery course frō the beginninge to thending afterward being sōwhat amended of his fault you may after the stay vpon his turne vse to gallop him al the way for a certain seasō vntil he be throughly perfect in his turne which when he is see that you stay him no more vpon hys turne but immediatly put him forward For to stay vpon the tourne is vnsemelye and not to be allowed but only for corrections sake There be manye horses which through euyll breakynge when they are maneged will turne their rumpes and hinder loynes before they turne their forepartes For remedy of whiche fault you shall vse these wayes folowing Trotte him right oute in the forrowe of some newe plowed ground correcting him continuallye and that not onelye in his goinge but also when he is readye to stoppe and likewise in his turning sometime with the contrarye legge and sometyme wyth the contrarye spurre and if that wyll not suffyse to make hym leaue his fault then manege him alongest by some wall or tylte and ride so nigh vnto it as you can Which wal or tilt in the first course woulde be on your left hande and in the seconde on youre right hande and so chaunging from hand to hand helpe him in eche turne with the contrary leg or spur more or lesse accordyng as nede shall require Or elles manege him in suche a fashioned dike as I haue before descrybed for to teach your horse therin the Chambetta And by one of those wayes you shall make him to amende his faulte and to tourne orderly as you woulde haue
hym If your horse in his turnynge vse to wryth his body on that syde he tourneth as thoughe he woulde fall downe which is a very fowle fault then manege hym ofte with a swyft trotte eyther in the forrowe of some newe plowed ground or elles in some path ouerthwart the forrowes and at the first tourne him alwayes low by the ground helping him with suche helpes and corrections as are before taught so shall you brynge hym to make a true turne and iust in euery condicion You maye also correct him for the selfe same faulte or for makinge to large a tourne by geuinge him a chocke with the bridle on that syde of his mouth that he so erreth And for the most part such wrythinge tournes do chaunce in the manege without rest wherin as they are vnsemely to manye mens iudgementes so are they muche more vnsemely in the other twoo kindes of maneges Notwithstandinge yf youre horse be weake and feble then somewhat to ease hym you maye suffer him whilst he boweth his houghes behind in his stopping to wrye his bodye a hande bredth on that side that he tourneth so shall he close hys tourne the more redilye but otherwise see that you vse it not But if your horse in any of the maneges make a faulse tourne or tourneth higher or lower then you woulde haue hym as for example on the ryght hande then so sone as he hath turned euen in his goyng forward correct him once or twise with your left spurre yea and if nede be with both spurres at once and beynge come to thother place tourne him agayne on the right hande and so folowe on with youre manege vnto the place where he tourned first on the right hand there turne him on the left hand by whiche chaunging of handes you shall alter the common order of tourning in maneging which altering somtime is very necessary not only for the correction of the faultes abouesaid but also to knowe thobedience and redynes of your horse For if he be vsed alwayes to one order of tourninge it is possible that he will not tourne sometime on that hande that you would haue hym And if he make a false tourne on the left hande then correct him by obseruynge the contrary order There is some kinde of horse which when you haue maneged hym .x. courses to and fro he wil in th ende sodenly force your hande eyther by casting vp his heade aloft or by chopping it downe and so fal a running not for that the bridle grieueth him or for anye great desire he hath to run or to trauell but onelye for that he thinketh so to escape youre handes and that you shoulde trouble him no more but suffre him to rest Which fault so often as he vseth see that you sharply correct him for it without shewyng him any fauour at all not leauyng to beate him vppon the head betwyxt th eares with a good sticke and to rate hym wyth a terrible voice shewinge your selfe fierce and cruell vpon him vntyll you haue brought hym vnto obedience and made hym to know that running away will not helpe him Whiche correction he should remember the better if it were his hap to deserue it being maneged vpon a ground newly plowed with depe forrowes the trauell wherein together with the correction woulde be so paynefull vnto him as he woulde beware euer after how he ran away before his lesson were ended And hauinge thus subdued him leaue him not so but manege him a fresh first with a round trot and then wyth a gallop accordinge as you shal see him in breath and in th ende make much of hym by which so vsyng him you shall see that afterwarde he wyll manege so longe tyme together as you wyl haue him and lykewise be readye to stop at Commaundement yea and if nede be to stop in a Cariere beinge run with an vnkerbled bridle ¶ Howe and when to teach your horse to passe a swyft Cariere Cap. xxvi VNtill youre horse be perfect in all poyntes before taught and specially that he can stop well and therwith aduaunce before aswel in his trot as in his gallop I woulde not wyshe you in any wyse to run hym vnlesse it were in the very beginning of his breakinge to geue him a Cariere or two only to know his swyftnes and disposition and so to leaue of vntil he be better broken and made mete to be run Which whan he is you shall vse this order folowinge Ryde him into some fayre playne sandy way voyde of al stumbling stones and to acquaint him with the waye Pace him faire and softly the length of a good Cariere which must be measured according as the horse is made For if he be a mightye puissaunt horse and great of stature Then the Cariere would be the shorter So likewise must it be when you wold haue him to bound aloft in his Cariere But if he be made lyke a Iennet or of a middle stature then the Cariere path maye be the longer yet not ouerlong At th ende whereof let hym stop and aduaunce and at the seconde bounde turne hym faire and softly on the right hand so stay a litle while Then sodenly saying with a liuely voice Hey or Now put him forward with both spurres at once forcing him al the way to run so swiftlye and so roundlye as he can possiblye euen to th ende to thintent he may stop on his buttockes That done tourne him on the left hand and pace him foorth faire and softlye vnto thother ende of the Cariere path and there stop him and turne him again on the right hand as you dyd before and so leaue And note that the chiefest poyntes to be obserued in the running of a Cariere are these first to see that the horse gather roundlye and go smoothlye awaye bearyng his head stedely Secondly that he runne swiftlye and thirdlye that he stop lightlye Whereunto you shall bring him by no meanes so wel as by often vsyng him to tread the rynges with a very swyft trot which shall make hym so nymble of his legges so swyfte and so staide of heade as when he cometh afterward to bee run it shal be no griefe vnto hym whiche was well obserued by the great rider M. Cola Pagano Who vntil he sawe his horse well stayde of heade and throughlye broken he woulde neuer run him For after that he had spent foure monethes or halfe a yere yea perchaunce a whole yeare in breaking him in such order as I haue heretofore taught he woulde teache him to run in lesse then .viii. dayes and that so swyftlye so smoothlye so stronglye and with such stedines of head and lightnes at stoppe as it could not be amended Yea and when he woulde haue an horse texcell and be verie fine in deede he woulde teach him nothinge from the beginninge to thending but that he shoulde do it first perfectlye well vpon a soft pace and then vpon a trot seldome or neuer
be fyered wyth a hote yron Of hurtes by the Tuskes of a Boare The Clxviij Chapter IF a horse be hurt with the tuske of a Boare laye Vitriol and Corporas thervnto and the powder of a Dogges heade being burned but let the tongue be first pulled out and cast away To heale the byting or stinging of Serpents The Clxix Chapter LAurentius Russius Take a good quātity of the hearbe called Sanicula stampe it and distemper it with the milke of a Cow that is all of one colour and giue him that to drinke and that will heale him An other medicine for the same purpose MAke a playster of Onions Hony salt stampt and mingled together and lay that to the sore place and giue the horse wine Treacle to drinke Absirtus would haue you to giue him white Pepper Rhewe and Tyme to drinke with wyne Of drinking of Horse leaches The Clxx. Chapter IF a horse chaunce to drinke Horse leaches they will continually suck his bloud and kill him The remedy according to Absirtus is to poure Oyle into the horses mouth whiche will make them to fall away and kill them Of swalowing downe hennes dong The Clxxi Chapter IF a horse swallow downe hennes dong in his hay it wil fret his guttes and make him to voyde filthy matter at the fundament For remedye wherof Absirtus would haue you to giue him a drinke made of Smalladge seede wine and hony and to walke him throughly vpon it that he may empty his belly Of Lyce how to kill them The Clxxij Chapter THey be like Geese Lice but somwhat bigger they will brede moste about the eares necke and tayle and ouer all the body They come of pouerty and the horse will be alwayes rubbing and scratching and will eate his meate and not prosper withall and with rubbing he will breake all his Mayne and tayle The cure according to Martin is thus Annoynt the place with Sope and quick siluer well mingled together and to a pound of Sope put halfe an ounce of quicke siluer How to saue horses from the stinging of Flyes in Sommer The Clxxiij Chapter ANnoynt the horses coate with Oyle and Bay buryes mingled together or tye to the headestall of his collor a sponge dipt in strong Uineger or sprinkle the stable with water wherin hearbe grace hath bene layde in stepe Or perfume the stable with Iuye or with Calaminte or with Gith burned in a panne of coles Of bones being broken or out of ioynt The Clxxiiij Chapter FEwe or none of our Ferrers do intermeddle with any such griefes but doe referre it ouer vnto the bone setter whose practised hand I must nedes confesse to be nedeful in such businesse Notwithstanding for that it belongeth to the Ferrers arte and also for that the olde wryters do make some mention thereof I thought good not to passe it ouer altogether with silence Albeit they speake onely of fractures in the legges beneathe the knee For they make little mention or none of bones aboue the knee taking them to be vncurable vnlesse it be a rybbe or such lyke If any bone then be broken in the legge it is easye to perceyue by feeling the roughnesse inequality of the place grieued one part being higher then an other The cure whereof according to Absirtus and Hierocles is in this sort First put the bone againe into his right place That done wrappe it aboute with vnwasht woll binding it fast to the legge with a smoth linnen rowler soked before in oyle Uineger mingled together And let that rowler be laide on as euen as is possible and vpon that lay agayne more woll dipte in oyle and Uineger and then splent it with thre splents binding them fast at both endes with a thong let the horses leg be kepte straight and ryght out the space of .xl. dayes and let not the bondes be lousened aboue thre tymes in .xx. dayes vnlesse it shrinke so require to be newe drest and bounde againe But fayle not euery daye once to poure on the sore place throughe the splents oyle and Uineger mingled together at the .xl. dayes ende if you perceiue that the broken place be sowdered together againe with some harde knobbe or gristle Then lousen the bondes so as the Horse may goe fayre and softly vsing from that time forth to annoynt the place with some soft grease or oyntment Of bones out of ioynt The Clxxv. Chapter IF a Horses knee or shoulder be cleane out of ioynt and no bone broken Martin sayth the readyest way is to bind al the foure legges together in such sorte as haue bene taught before in the Chapter of Incording and then to hoyse the horse somewhat from the ground with his heeles vpwarde so shall the wayght and payse of his body cause the ioynt to shoote in agayne into his ryghte place for by thys meanes he pleasured not long synce a friende and neyghbour of his who goyng with his Carte from Saint Albons towards his house his Thyller fell and putte his shoulder cleane out of ioynt so as he was neither able to ryse nor being holpen vp could stande on his legges To which mischaunce Martin being called made no more a doe but taking hys frendes Carte rope bounde the horses legges all foure together and with a leauer thruste betwixte his legges and body and the one end of the leauer being stayed vppon the Carte whele they puttyng their shoulders to the other end hoysed vp the horse cleane from the grounde the payse of whose bodye made the bone to returne into his ryght place with such a loud knack as it mought be harde a greate way of and the Horse immediatelye had the vse of of his legge so as he drewe in the Carte and went safe home without complayning therof euer after Certayne receytes of playsters very good for broken bones taken out of the olde Authours wryting of horse leache crafte The Clxxvi Chapter TAke of Spuma argenti of Uineger of eche one pound of Sallet oyle halfe a pound of Amoniacum and of Turpentine of eche three ounces of waxe of Rosen of ech two ounces of Bitumen of Pitch and of Uerdygrease of eche halfe a pound Boyle the vineger oyle and Spuma argenti together vntill it wax thicke then put therevnto the pytche which being molten take the pot from the fyre and put in the Bitumen without sturring it at all and that being also molten put in then all the rest set the potte againe to the fyre and let them boyle all together vntil they be al vnited in one That done straine it and make it in playster forme and this is called Hierocles playster A nother receyte for broken bones The Clxxvij Chapter TAke of liquid Pitch one pound of wax two ounces of the purest and fineh part of Frankencense one ounce of Amoniacum foure ounces of dry Rosen of Galuanum of eche one ounce of Uineger two pyntes Boyle first the Uineger and pitch together then put in
The fower chiefyst offices belongyng to Horsemanshippe That is to saye The office of the Breeder Of the Rider of the Keper and of the Ferrer In the firste parte wherof is declared the order of breding of horses In the seconde howe to breake them and to make theym horses of seruyce Conteyninge the whole arte of Ridynge lately set forth and nowe newly corrected and amended of manye faultes escaped in the fyrste printynge as well touchyng the bittes as otherwyse Thirdely howe to dyet them aswell when they reste as when they trauell by the way Fourthly to what diseases they be subiecte together with the causes of such diseases the sygnes howe to knowe them and finally howe to cure the same Whyche bookes are not onely paynfully collected out of a nomber of aucthours but also orderly dysposed and applyed to the vse of thys oure coūtrey By Tho. Blundeuill of Newton Flotman in Norff. ¶ Imprinted at London by VVyllyam Seres dwellyng at the west ende of Paules churche at the signe of the Hedgehogge Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum TO THE RIGHTE HONORABLE AND HIS SINGVLER GOOD LORDE THE Lorde Roberte Dudley Erle of Leycester Barron of Denbighe Knight of the honorable order of the Garter Maister of the Queenes maiesties horses and one of her highnes pryuie councell Thomas Blundeuil wissheth perfect felicitie AFTER THAT I had put foorthe the Arte of Riding and sawe how thākfully it pleased not only your Honoure but also the moste part of the Ientlemē of this Realme to accept the same I was so muche encoraged therby as I sought to make the saide boke more periecte by addinge therevnto three other bookes wherof the first should treate of the breedynge of Horses the seconde of their dyet to preserue them longe in healthe and the thirde of their diseases declarynge therewithall the causes sygnes and cures of the same whiche bokes how necessarye they be and how meete they are to accompany the Arte of Riding the matter it selfe being well handled would euidently shewe For then it should be a perfecte worke comprehending the foure chiefyst Offices belonging to Horsemanshyppe that is to say The office of the Breeder of the Ryder or Breaker of the Keeper and of the Ferrer For as towchinge the Bitmaker Saddler their offices the first is indifferently wel declared alredy in the Arte of Riding the Sadler his office shal be taught herafter in another litle boke of additions which I entende God wyllynge to ioyne to this volume briefelye cōprehendyng all the good preceptes of a later Writer nowe being your Honors most excellente Ryder called maister Claudio Corte Not onely touching that office but also touchynge diuerse of the other Offices before recited Whiche Booke shall supply to all the wants of suche necessarye thynges as eyther Gryson in his boke or I perhappes haue neclygently omytted And truely your Honour deserueth no litle prayse for procuryng so synguler a man into this Realme For besydes his perfection in riding he is so wel learned wyse courteouse and modest withall as his acquaintaunce company frendship ought to be right deare vnto al ciuill Ientlemen and specially to those that delyght in Horsemanshyppe But now to retourne vnto my purpose for that I sawe it lay not in me to perfourme this worke so as it might answere euery mans expectacion and specially of such as are more readie to finde faultes then to amende them I did almost repent me of mine enterprise and good desire and the rather for that I had no one certayne Author to followe that eyther wrote of these matters to the full or in suche order as did satisfye my minde but should be driuen to deale with a great nombre of Authors whose sayinges and experiences together with mine owne small knowledge gotten by traueling in forreine countreies I must not onely orderly dispose but also apply the same to the vse of this our countrey Which thing being more laborious thē some perhaps take it I had cleane geuen it ouer if your good Lordshyp had not ben by whom I was so much harted as I could not chose but to take the same in hand and to go thoroughe withall so well as I coulde And therfore if any man receyueth any commodity therby as I doubte not but he shall if he wyll vouchsafe to rede al that I haue wrytten frō the beginning to the ending he shall haue most cause to be thankefull to youre Honour for the same And I beleeue your thankes and prayse shoulde be so muche the more if it would please your Honour to be a meane that the Quenes highnes may not onely cause such statutes as were made in her noble Father and deare Brothers time bothe of good Memory touchyng the breedinge of horses vpon commons to be put in executiō but also that all such parkes within this realme as be in her highnesse handes and mete for that purpose might not wholly be imployed to the keping of Dere which is altogether a pleasure without profyt but partly to the necessary breeding of Horses for seruice wherof this realme of all others at this instant hath greatest nede The lacke of whiche if any inuasion shuld chaunce which God defend wold quickly appere I feare me to the great perill danger of this her highnes realme And her Maiestye geuyng this good example I doubt not but that the most part of the noble men and Ientlemen of this realm hauing parks or groūds impaled mete for such vse wold folow the same And to the intēt that no couetousnes might hinder so good an act I wold wish the couetous mind desyre of all men to be brideled by a lawe discipline Wherby it wold be prouided that not onely a sufficiēt nombre of able Horses maye be bred within this Realme but also that the same horses may be broken kept mainteyned and exercysed accordyngly Monsieur de l' Angeay in his boke of war wold haue no man to keepe a hackney or easye horse to ride on him selfe vnlesse he kepte also a horse mete for seruice in the fielde Whiche thing I feare me wold not please vs English men at al which of late daies are more geuen to priuat ease singuler cōmoditie then to a welth publique or cōmon profite Notwithstanding if a good law as I said before were made aswel for the breding as exercising of great horses and Gueldinges meete for seruice and the same straightly executed by vncorrupted officers whiche in mine opinion wold be skylful Surueiours for the breedes and expert muster masters for the horses of seruice And also that such Surueies be made twise a yeare at the least and that the Musters of the horses of seruice be taken throughout the whole realme foure times in a yere that is to say quarterly and al in one day for the auoyding of false Musters I beleue that in short space we shold not only haue plenty of good horses but also that the Ientlemen of this
folowe the same And specially now whilest the quenes Maiesty mindeth so graciously to prouide for the breding and kepyng of great horses whiche no doubt shoulde be to the greate profiting of this our cōmon weale In the most partes wherof partly for lacke of arte and partly for lack of exercise chiualry is sore decayed I shal not only thinke my labour wel bestowed but also to haue receiued the greatest reward that I could possible wish or desire Yea and shal be encouraged therby to attempt hereafter some other thyng of more weight Wherin I may shewe my selfe thankefull to your L. for so courteously acceptynge this my labour good wyll whiche is and shal be alwayes bent to do your H. suche poore seruice as I can ¶ A Chapter to the Reader towchynge the order obserued in this booke verye necessarye to be read and well considered before he enter anye further ENdeuoring my selfe gentle reader for your better vnderstandinge to reduce Grysons boke whiche in the Italion tounge dothe treate of the arte of rydynge and of breakynge greate Horses into a more briefe and compendious waye of teachinge then hee to my Iudgemente hathe therin obserued I soughte firste to what ende suche laboure was chiefly to be employed vpon great horses And I founde that eyther it was to make them horses of seruice or els horses of pleasure called Stirers Then I cōsidered what things were incident to an horse of seruice and what to a horse of pleasure or Stirer And of those thinges which were common to them both and which were appertayning to eche one perticulerly And firste I founde that to a horse of seruice belonged these chiefe poyntes here folowinge That is to say to trot cleane lustely to stop lightly to turne on both handes redely to galloppe stronglye to maneg with single turne surelye and laste of all to passe a carire swiftly And in all his doinges from the beginning to the ending to reane well and to beare his head steddely Al which things are also cōmon to the stirrer but then it is requisite that the stirrer besides all this learne to bounde alofte with all foure to yarke withall to gallop the gallop galliarde to fetch the Capriole to doe the Coruetti and such like kind of saltes But yet this sufficeth not vnles I mighte also know the nighest meanes for a horse to attayne to these feates what order was therin to be obserued which whilest I sought behold the riders office wholy discouered wherby I mighte well perceiue that vnles the rider were first instructed in all those thinges that appertayned vnto his office the horse coulde neuer be well broken Wherefore minding to comprehende all thinges in iii. bokes I thought it most mete to begin with the ryder in teaching him first howe to know a good horse and apt to be taught aswell by hys coulour markes as shape to thintent he bestowe not his laboure vpon a Iade or Roile Then howe to tame him and to make him so gentle as he may suffer to be ridden After that how to sit him and to behaue him selfe in the poynt like a horseman Then I proceded further declaring the iii. chiefe pointes wherin the perfection of a horseman consisteth That is to say in knowing how to helpe to correct and to cherishe his horse and with what instrumentes and generally how and when to vse them and so I ende the first boke That done I come to the horses lessons which he hath to learne for his parte declaring what order is to be kepte therin to which soeuer of those ii endes beforesaid he be broken And to euery lesson I ioyne such helpes and corrections as are mete to be vsed for redresse of such faultes as most cōmonly chaunce therin whych faultes for the most part I call errors making a distinction betwene errors and vices attributing errors to the lacke of knowledge and vices to nature or euil custome As these be vices to be restif to be rammege to lye downe in the water to be skittishe which for distinction sake I do otherwise cal general faultes because they may chaūce in euery lesson Of the most part of which faults I do treat seuerally in the third boke declaring therewith the corrections of the same For otherwise I shoulbe be driuen to make many digressions and to interrupte the tenoure of my talke which I loue not to do And I say here of the most part because ther be some vices so peculier so incident to certayne of the horses lessons as I am forced to myngle the correctiō of the same euen amongst the errors as occasion requireth and yet therby no order broken at all as any man of iudgemente I am sure will easely confesse Then the horse being throughly broken in all poyntes mete for him to learne be he horse of seruice or styrrer I finallye teach you how to ryde him to the best shewe before a prince And there endeth the second booke In the third booke I treate onely of the corrections of the generall vices aforesaid and of the diuersity of bits and to what purpose euery one serueth The order of all which three bookes shall more playnely appeare vnto you by the contentes of the chapters hereafter folowing And though Gryson semeth to vse the like order that I do in the very beginnyng yet he doth not continew the same but immediately maketh so many dygressions and interlaceth so many and dyuers matters together as were ynough to confounde the memory of a very dyscrete reader And yet Gryson not to be blamed for not obseruing that order or Metheode in wrytynge whiche perhaps he neuer had learned But rather muche to be praysed and commended of almen for vttering in the best maner he could that his assured knowledge which he had gotten with great labour and contynuall exercisyng him selfe in ryding the space of xl yeares and aboue Of which knowledge what lacke we Englishmen haue had specially haue at this present is best sene at a mustre when the Queenes Maiesty hath nede of hors and horsemen where ofttimes you shall see some that sit on their horses like winde shaken reedes handlinge their handes and legs like weauers Or if the horseman be good then the horse for hys parte shall be so broken as when he is suffred to go forwarde he will go backewarde And when hys ryder wolde haue him to turne on the right hand he wil turne cleane contrary And when he should stoppe he will arme him selfe and runne away or els stoppe sooner then his ryder woulde haue hym or vse such lyke toyes For redresse of which faultes both in man and beast this booke is chiefly set forthe with the rules wherof if you that lack knoweledge shall vouchsafe to acquainte your selues not onely by reading but also by exercise of rydynge I doubt not but by your spedye profityng therein you shall haue iust occasion to be thankefull both to Gryson for the first
of Mars to make you a perfect horseman three thinges be requisyte Fyrst to knowe howe and when to helpe your horse Secondlye howe and when to correct hym And thyrdly how and when to cheryshe him and to make muche of hym Whiche iii. thynges beynge as generall kyndes haue many specialties and particularities belongyng vnto them And though they doe seeme whollye to appertayne to the offyce of the Ryder yet can I not make you throughlye to vnderstande them vntill I come to entreate of the Lessons whiche the horse for hys parte hath also to learne Because in dede they must goe both together Notwithstandynge to thintent I maye vse fewer wordes hereafter you beyng somwhat instructed before I wyll treate of them here in so good order as I can For though I can not shewe you when and how to vse these thynges in time vntyll I come to the horses lessons yet I maye shewe you whyche they be how many there be to what end euery one serueth and generally the vse of the same And first you shall vnderstande that you maye helpe youre horse .vii. maner of wayes That is to saye wyth your voyce wyth youre toungue with your rodde with the brydell with the caulfes of your legges with your stirruppe and wyth your spurs Agayne you maye correct him vii maner of waies that is to say wyth your voyce rod calues of your leggs bridle stirrup spurs with treading the ring in such sort as shal be hereafter expressed but you can cherish or coye hym no more but .ii. maner of wayes that is to saye eyther wyth your voice in speaking to him gently or els by clawing him on the necke with your hand or with the nether ende of your rod. And though that helpes and corrections in the doinge seme in a maner all one yet are they diuerse hauynge respecte to the tyme for the one goth before error and the other commeth after For you helpe your horse to thintent he should not erre But you correct him for that he hath alredy erred But it is not so easy to know the due time and measure of helping him as it is to know when and how to correct him And therefore I woulde not wyshe you to be to busye in helpynge him vntill you can kepe tyme and measure with both hand and heele lest youre horse not vnderstanding your mind grow to some disorder But rather vse for a whyle onelye to correcte him when he erreth so shall he be afraide to do the like agayne And in the meane tyme by exercise you shall learne as well the time of helping as of correcting and so muche the sooner for that you see the instrumentes wherewyth you helpe or correct be all one ¶ To what ende suche helpes and corrections serue Cap. vii THe voyce is that which anye horse feareth most and is nedefull in all disorders The wand or rod serueth to correct the disordering of his head and to dryue shrewde toyes out of his minde The brydell correcteth bothe heade necke and mouth and maketh hym to reane well and doeth helpe muche to embolden or to man him The caulfes of the legges and likewise the stirrups ordereth aswel the hinder parts as foreparts the of horse The Spurres do not only make hym steddye and iust but also subiecte and quicke to vnderstande his riders mind The correction of treading the ring maketh him iust aswell in his manege as in euery other feate ¶ Of the sounde of the voyce toungue and lyppes Cap. viii BUt first as touching the voyce you shall vnderstande that according as the sygnification of the noyse or word is So is it eyther a correction a helpe or a cherishing For if you would correct him for anye shrewde toye or obstinacye you must al to rate him with a terrible voyce saying to him Ah traitor Ah villain tourne here stop there and suche like But yf you woulde helpe hym at anye time then you must vse a more mylde and chearfull voyce as when you run hym to say hey hey or now now Lykewyse if you woulde haue him to go backe you must say wyth a lowe voyce backe boye backe I say Also if you woulde helpe hym to aduaunce at the stop you must say cherfully hup hup likewise to make him light behind you must saye darier darier or vse such tearmes as you shal thinke good But if you would cherish youre horse or coy him for doing wel then your voyce must be most milde of al. As when you saye hola hola or so boye so or vse such like coying words And whilst we talke here of the voyce it shal not be amysse also to shew you that the sound of the tounge is a verye necessarye helpe and meete to be vsed aswell at the stop as in the tournes both single and double I meane that sound which you commonly make by turning vp the typ of your toung almost into the middle palat of your mouth and then sodenly losing it againe from thence with a Chirke There is also another sounde of the lyppes as necessary to be vsed as any of the rest at such tymes as shall be hereafter taught and that is made by closing your lips harde together and then in openyng them agayn somwhat wide pronouncing as it were this word powgh ¶ Of the rod. Cap. ix THough some thinke that the correction and helpe of the rodde or cogell is not nedefull and that it maketh the horse to fearefull yet experience teacheth the contrary And specially if it be vsed as it shuld be that is to say if you correct him not therwith out of tyme but euen in the selfe same instaunt that he erreth And assure your selfe that to correct a stubborne horse it hath no felowe For if you beate him but once well and surelie therwith betwixt his eares and vpon anye part of his head hys eies excepted you shall neede to geue him the lesse correction euer after But touchinge the rod diuerse thinges are to be considered As firste when to beare a rod secondlye how to take it when it is first offered thirdlye howe to beare it at all tymes fourthlye to what ende it cheiflye serueth and finallye how and when to vse it as a helpe correction or cheryshinge to your horse And as touching the first .ii. pointes I say that if you breake a yonge horse whiche was neuer handled before you shal beare no rod in any wise vntill he come to be ridden with a byt and then at the first time that the rod is offered you you muste take it gentlie for not makynge him afraide thereof and hauing receyued it you must coye him on the necke therewith either by clawinge him on the withers with the nether ende therof or els with the middle of the rod liyng crosse vpon his maine and that shall make him to abyde it the better euer after Now to the other .ii. pointes In learning how to beare your rod as well when you pace or
redy to vse suche kinde of helpes corrections and cheryshinges as are meete and necessary in that behalfe and haue bene heretofore taught And to make him the more readye therein you may often pase or trot him to and fro in the dike and turne him at eche ende on both handes or but on one hand only chaunging handes at euerye ende Yea and somtime it shal be good to tourne him in the same dyke at euery .ii. paces end as I taught you before speaking of the double tournes and hereby the horse wyll take such a custome as he wyll do the lyke whensoeuer you shal prouoke him therunto by helping him either with your toung or contrarye spur or with both spurs together And in steade of this dike you maye if you will seeke out some narrowe golled waye by rage of water whiche wil be as good so that it be neither to depe nor to shallow the sides wherof would be somewhat shoring yea both suche golled way dike and euerye other way where you pace or trot your horse to fro should be the better if the ground at the stopping place were somwhat hanging downe the hill So shoulde it keepe him from going eyther forward or backewarde in his turning Also if your horse haue bene somwhat broken before and know what correction is otherwise it wil be to hard for you to do you may teache hym the Chambetta standinge still in the Stable in this sort Take a sticke in your hande and go and stand on the right syde of the horse hard by the maunger to the whiche he is tyed and knock him with your sticke on the right fore-leg sometime vnder the knee somtime in the middes of the shanke somtime on the nether ioynt and sometime behind on the bowyng of the ham of the same leg helpyng him continually with your toung or voice in saying vnto him hup hup and neuer leaue him vntill you haue made hym to holde vp that leg whiche when he doth beat him no more but only threaten him by wagging the rod to thintent he shoulde not set downe hys foote but holde it vppe still so longe as you shall thinke it good And so often as he setteth it downe vnbidden helpe him and correct him as before neuer leauing vntil he holde it vp againe which whilst he doeth you shall do well to make muche of him by clawynge him with your rod on the withers for that shall encourage hym to do the like another time And if you would haue him to do the like with the left legge then stande on his left side and vse the selfe same order And when you see that he wyl do it with both legges only for feare of the stycke Then you maye also teach him to doe it for feare of the spur in this sort stande you on his right side with the rod in your hand and cause another to stand on his left side with a spurre naile sharpe sticke or goade in hys hande and in the same instaunt that you doe beat him with your rod on the leg let the other prycke hym in the common spurring place with his spur helping him with the sound of his tongue or with his voyce as before you holding youre peace and so soone as the horse shal heare that sound or voyce and feele the stroke both of rod and spur he wil lift vp his right legge whiche when he hath done you shall chaunge sides and in the same sort make him to do as much with his left legge And thus vsynge him a whyle you shall make him to lift vp which you wil so soone as he shall heare but the sound of your tongue or voyce and feale the spur on the contrary side without the helpe of any man to stand by him with a rod in his hand yea and to hold it vp stil a quarter of an houre together And perhappes manye tymes he will do the same withoute the helpe of the spur being afraide to set it downe so longe as you are there present But if as it happeth many tymes the horse when you pricke him so with the spur wil not lift vp the contrarye leg but only the legge of the same side that you spur him then in the same instaunt that you spurre him if he be not curste and shrewed strike hym with your foote on the contrary legge which warning will make him to remember himselfe Or els for a more surety you may haue a sticke in youre other hande and knocke him therwith on thinside of his contrarye leg and beside that euery time that he so erreth eyther in not liftinge vp the contrary leg or els in lifting vp thother remember alwais to double the stroke of the spur and that shal so correct him as afterward if you do but make an offer to touche him with the spur it shall suffise to make him to holde vp the contrary leg so longe time together as you will your selfe Neyther care you for the frowardnes of any horse but the more froward he is the more roughly correct him But thoughe youre horse in this sort may learne the Chambetta in one day yea and perchaunce in lesse then .iii. howres yet to kepe him in vre withall that he may do it afterward the more redilye in his maneginge it shal be necessarye to spend euery day one howre with hym in the stable in making him to holde vp first one leg and then another Thus when you haue taught youre horse to doe the Chambetta in the stable You may also teach him to do it abrode being vpon his backe in this sort When you are mounted cause him to stand still a good prety while together and beare a steady hand vpon him makynge him to reane truly with hys head and appoint a footeman to stande on youre right side with a sticke in hys hande and in the same instaunt that you helpe youre horse with your toung or voyce let the footman beate him vpon the right leg with his sticke not leauynge so to molest him vntill he lifteth vp his foote whiche doyng you shall make muche of him by clawynge him on the withers That done let the footeman chaunge sides and make the horse to do asmuch with his left leg and when the horse vnderstandeth those helpes then besydes the help of your tongue or voice you may touch him also wyth your contrarye spur whiche if it doth make him to holde vp the true leg then spurre him no more but make much of him and when he knoweth once the helpe of the spur you shall nede no more the helpe of the footman with his rod for then if he erreth at any time by helping him with your tongue or voice and by doublynge the stroke of the spurre you shall quicklye make him to amend his fault And besydes these helpes for a more surety if nede be you may haue a rodde in youre hande and correct him therewith your selfe like as the footman did before
I Wyll shewe you diuerse wayes wyshing you when nede requireth to proue them all and then to vse that as your ordinarye remedye which you shall knowe by experience to doe your horse most good First vse to correct him with the contrarye spur as for example if he beareth awrye on the left hande strike him once or twyse with the right spur turning inward your bridle hand somewhat towardes the right side And if he beareth awrye on the right hande then vse the contrarye order But if he be verye stiffe necked on the right side and softe plying or bowinge on the left then vse to holde the right reane shorter then the left in such order as is taught you before in the Chapter of the bridle and reanes in the first booke You may correct him also by geuing him sodenlye a chocke with the bridle in his mouth vpon his nether gummes on the contrarye side and you may geue hym suche chocke twoo maner wayes that is to saye eyther by choppinge downe your bridle hande on that syde that he erreth geuinge him the chocke on the contrary syde and so to pull vp youre hande againe immediatlye into his due place Or els by turning your hand onlye inwarde and straininge the bit harde to hys nether gummes on the contrarye side without any chopping downe of your hande at all whiche kinde of correction if it be geuen with a temperate and staid hand it is marueilous good to correct the foresaide vice in anye horse of what sort soeuer he be It is very good also and specially when he hangeth or boweth with his whole bodye more of one syde then of another to holde the calfes of your leg alwayes close to his bellye on the contrarye side nigh vnto the fore guirt to thintent you maye be redye from tyme to tyme not onelye to prycke him a little with the spurre of the same legge but also when nede requireth to touch him therwith well and surelye Whereof when you perceiue that he beginneth to haue some feare and therby to amend his fault you shall do well sodenlye to remoue your legge from that place and in that instaunt to make muche of him So that afterwarde if he doth but feele the caulfe of youre leg comming towardes his bellye he will immediatly amend his fault beare his head on what side you wil haue him you may also correct the stiffnes of his neck by beating him with your stirrup vpon the shoulder or with your fote vnder the fore shoulder vpon the same side that his necke is so stiffe which will make him to loke that waye to see what is that so greueth him which whilst he doth let slacke the contrary reane sodenlye pull away your fote make much of him vsing him so a while you shal make him both to know his fault also to amend the same It is good also to correct him with the rod by striking him therwith on the contrary side either in the flanke or els more forward nygh vnto the fore guirt But the correction of the contrarye spurre is of a more efficacye and muche more commendable notwithstanding for a nede you maye vse both and in any wyse forget not whēsoeuer he hangeth more of th one side then of another to holde alwayes the contrary reane shorter then the other but otherwise let the reanes be always euen And to the intent you may beare theym alwayes euen from the beginninge Ride a younge horse at the first with false reanes which you maye for the correction of your horse make short or long of anye syde at your pleasure and yet hold your ordinarye reanes alwayes euen together and of one length as I tolde you before in the Chapter of the bridle and reanes and note that it is exceadinge good to vse these corrections whilest you make your horse to tread the ringes so often about on both handes as you shall thinke moste requisite for his strength And yf he be verye harde of necke on the right side it shall not bee amysse whilst he treadeth the right ringe to laye your right hande vpon the middest of the right reane and by straininge it harder then the other to make him to holde hys necke that way whether he will or not And if he be harder on the left side then to do the like with your left hand whilst he treadeth the left ring making your right hād for that tyme the bridle hand Notwithstanding it were more sightly to shorten the left reane without shifting your hand in suche order as I haue tolde you before in the first booke And to thintent you maye force him the more to come wholye on that side that you would haue him it were not amisse in some place where none may see you to counterpayse him by bending downe your body and head on the selfe same side that the horse is stiffnecked staying your legs so as ye fall not beholdinge alwayes his eye on that side wherewith also he wyll looke you in the face and therby shal be forced to correct his owne fault in tourning his necke that waye that you would haue him which kinde of counterpaising you maye vse somtime in riding him in and out the length of a mile yea and also somtime when he treadeth the ringes not forgetting to tourne your bridle hand also accordingly But if you would haue him to be iust of body head and necke quicklye then vse to trot or pace hym to fro the length of .v. yardes or there about making him at euery ende to stop and to tourne helpinge him with youre tongue spurre or caulfe of your legge on the contrarye side and sometime with the closing stroke bearynge alwayes a steddy hande which woulde be moderatelye tourned towardes the same side And if you see that he doth not bring ouer the contrary leg orderlye bearynge hys head necke euen and iust then neuer leaue correctinge of him with the contrarye spur all the way vntill he come at the other ende and there make him to turne agayne on the same hande that he tourned on before continuing still to trauell him on the same side vntil he hath amēded his fault which if he doth then you may turne him on both handes interchaungeably so as your first and last tourne be on the right hande And trauell him in such sort to and fro to the number of thirtie courses or so longe as you shall se him hable well to endure to thintent you may leaue him with a good mouth remembrynge alwayes to make muche of hym when he doeth well and not to helpe him with the spurre but when nede shal require but onelye with youre tongue which must be alwais one ¶ How to correct youre horse when he beareth not right the lower part of his heade called of the Italions Mustacchio and may be called of vs the Mosel whyche comprehendeth both nose and mouth Cap. iii. IF your horse then vse to carye
doublyng the same accordyng as occasion shal require aswel in his going right out as in his standinge stil. Albeit if he shew any signe of shrewdnesse towardes his felowes ▪ in marching forward it were not amysse to correcte him with the clinching stroke and somtime by geuing him the chocke of the bridle on the one or both sides of his mouth And if that will not suffyse then you maye all to rate him with a terrible voice and correct him with your rod on the one or other flanke Yea and perchaunce it shal be nedeful also to geue him therwith a stripe or two vpon the heade betwixt the eares ¶ Of restifnesse of the kindes and causes therof Cap. ix YF a horse bee restyffe it proceadeth for the most part through the fault of the rider of one of these two causes For eyther the horse is to vyle or elles to stout of courage If he be vyle then beinge ouer wearied he will for faintnes geue ouer and go no further But if he be proud and stout then felinge himselfe somwhat wery and out of breath he wil fal a leaping and yarkynge thinking to be eased of his trauel that way or perhaps will do the like in the beginning immediatly after his rider bee mounted And if he perceiue that his rider be afrayd of him then he will take suche a stomacke vnto hym as he will sodenlye stay and stoppe there inaugre his riders head Of whiche twoo kindes of restifnes that which proceadeth of vylenesse of courage is the woorst ▪ But there be some horses not onelye stoute and lustye of courage but also ramege that is to say hauing twoo mindes betwyxt going not going when they list Whiche kinde of horses if they chaunce to become restyffe they be woorse then any of the rest ¶ Remedyes agaynst restyfnes proceadyng of vile courage Cap. x. YF your horses restyfnes proceadeth of vyle courage then ride him into some long way or lane closed in on both sides with wall dyke quickset or highe hedge But at the one ende therof ▪ cause certayne men to stand behind your horse with staues and stones in their handes And if he will not go forwarde then let theym sodenlye stryke him with their staues vppon his hams and legges behind and likewise whorle their stones at the same places al to ratinge him in that same instaunt with a terrible voyce During whiche time you youre selfe must sit stil keping silence And let them not ceasse beatinge and cryinge oute vnto hym vntill they haue made him to go orderly forward as he should do Whiche when he doeth then immediatlye let theym staye both hand and voyce and make you muche of hym by clawyng him on the necke That done make him to go from the one ende of the lane to the other to and fro about eight times And then light of his backe or elles pace him faire and softly to the stable And for a certain dayes see that you vse none other order than this vntill he be cleane rid of that vyce Wherein so often as he doth offende retourne you to the foresayde correction For this is a proued and an infallible way to bring any horse from his restifnes Whiche correction you might vse also in the plaine field in some new plowed ground but for werying of the footemen whose trauell shoulde be greater there to folowe the horse euery way that he flieth out then in a lane And the more that your horse goeth backward whilst he is so corrected let the footemen laye on the faster and crye out the lowder And besides that somtime it shall not be amisse to tourne hys head towardes that waye that he would so faine flee out And so in your anger force him by beatinge him all the waye vpon the head with a cogell and by cryinge out vnto him to gallop so hard as he cā driue the length of a good Cariere And then turne him againe toward the way from whence you began to gallop him make him to go forward correctinge him at that time more with your voyce then with your cogell And if he goth quietlye then leaue cryinge out and make much of him For I am sure he will be glad at length to yelde rather then to be so beaten But if he continue still in his frowardnes and wil not go forward then you maye geue him halfe a turne and immediatlye by pullinge in the bridle make him to go backward about ten paces in so hasty wyse as you can That done tourne his heade againe towardes that way in the whyche he would not go forward and then sodenlie put him forward Which doing for the most part wil make him to take his way And to thintent he maye be the sooner and the more throughlye corrected of this vice you may besydes all this tey a good long corde vnto his tale winding it about lyke as you do when you trym your horses taile with a ribbon or lace the last knot whereof woulde be fastened together with some of the heares for feare of slippinge which knot if you can not make then tey the vpper ende of the corde vnto the hynder buckle of the sadle seruing the crooper and so it shall not slip awaye The nether ende of whyche corde must hange downe traile after the horse vpon the ground And when your horse will not go forward or goth backewarde let one of the footemen pull the corde harde vnto him whiche when the horse feleth the feare to be pulled and hayled will make him to spring forwarde And so doinge the footman must in the selfe same instaunt let go the corde and to be sure besides the pulling of the corde Let the reste of the fotemen also al to rate the horse with their voyces layinge on with their staues and whorlynge their stones And by vsinge him thus a while you shall correct him of this vice well inough ¶ Remedies against restifnesse procedinge of stubbornes and stout courage Cap. xi BUT if you perceyue that suche restifnes proceadeth of to muche courage and stubbornnesse whiche the horse hath gotten through the fearefulnes of his rider then ryde hym into some plane fielde newlye plowed And there if he whilest you geue him his lesson chaunce to stop in dede or minde to stop and so to become restiffe then immediatlye all to rate him with a terrible voyce beating him vpon the heade betwyxt the eares and vpon the forelegs with a good sticke And the more resistaunce that he maketh in leapyng or goynge ouerthwart or sekynge to fall downe flat or to lie downe on the one side or to doe anye other shrewdnes encrease you his correction so much the more aswell in rating him as in beating him And to molest him the more geue him the ringe tournes on the one side or on the other or on that side wheron he himselfe doth most leane By meanes wherof you shall so tame him as he seinge his resistaunce not
footeman in the selfe same instaunte also helpe him with his voyce and threaten him with hys cogell Yea and if he perceyue that the horse wyl needes passe forwarde let him geue him a good blowe with his cogell vppon the snoute whiche blowe I beleue shall not nede if you obserue well the order before taught For the helpe of your voice the pulling in of the bridle the sight of the footman shall suffice to make him to stop as he shoulde do And in so doyng see that you make much of him suffring him to pause a while That done make him to go backward euen as you did before when you did pace trot or gallop him And after that pace him to and fro in the cariere path about .vi. times staying alwaies at the accustomed stopping place and so depart see that you run him no more of a good whyle after but only vse the order aboue declared vpon a soft pace trot or gallop not forgetting alwayes to haue a footeman at the place of stop whyche footeman besides his cogell may also haue stones in hys hande to whorle at the horses snout when neede requireth whiche I doe seldome or rather neuer allow vnlesse he hathe the stedier hande or if you will you may cause two footemen to stande before him eche of them hauinge a good longe staffe in his hande At the vpper ende wherof would be teyed a litle boundell of strawe whyche beynge kyndled let the footemen when the horse will not stoppe thrust them into his nose the feare of the flame wherof flashyng before his eyes and the fire parching his skin together with the smoke entringe into hys nose will make him to stop But though this correctiō for a nede is verye good yet I woulde wishe you to vse the order before declared which is sufficient I warraunt you to make him stop with the bridle onlye without the helpe of anye such extreme remedye It hath bene seene manye tymes that some Ryder hath corrected his horse of this fault by runnyng him in the plaine fielde out of breath continually beatynge him and spurrynge him in hys angre so as the horse hath bene glad to stoppe of him selfe whiche correction hath taken so good effect as the ryder geuinge him a iust Cariere the next daye folowyng hath made him to stop with the least pullinge in of the bridle that might be But this correction is verye perillous and inoughe to kil a horse and therfore is not mete to be vsed but only when he beinge to stubborne doeth ouermuche force you and wyll nedes run awaye with you whether you will or not Besides the first order aboue rehersed for his better correction you may also bitte him according to the qualitie of his mouth wherof we shall treate herafter And vnto that bit or to anye other you maye fasten a corde which must passe betwene his gummes and his nether lyp in such sort as I shewed you before in the second boke in the third correction of the Credence Of which corde when his mouth is once throughlye corrected he shall haue no nede ▪ nor yet of any other helpe but of the bridle onelye But in anye wyse lette him continue in his ringe tournes which beinge ended vse hym to stoppe and to aduaunce vppon the knoll of some hill downewarde And note this by the way as a general rule that the correction of the footman with sticke or cogell is neuer to be vsed but when some great necessitie requireth it For it may make the horse to fearful onles the foteman haue the more skill and canne obserue in his correction both time and measure ¶ Howe to correct that horse that wyll rere ryght vp when he is corrected for any fault wyth a stycke vppon the heade Cap. xiiii AS often as he vseth thys vice fayle not you in the selfe same instant that he ryseth and hangeth aloft to beat him well and surelye with a good long sticke vpon the forelegges somwhat beneth the knees yea and if he be very much accustomed to this vice it shall not be amisse somwhat before he riseth to geue him one blowe vpon the legges at the lest And for the more suretye and to make him the more afraid it shal be nedeful to beare the rod with the point downwarde right before his knees alwayes in hys sight And being corrected a while after this sort you shall see that he shall leaue that fault well inough ¶ Howe to correct that horse that wyll fall downe to the grounde when he is a litle werye or prouoked to doe anye thynge whych he would not willingly do Cap. xv CAuse some expert footeman hauinge a good cogell in his hand to be somwhat nigh you at such time as you ride your horse to the intent that when he perceyueth the horse maketh anye offer to lye downe he maye be readye with his cogell or staffe to threaten him and to fray him with a terrible voyce gesture coū tenaunce by cruellie looking him alwayes in the face more or lesse according as time occasion shall require Whiche wil be suche a terrour vnto the horse as whilst he looketh all amased on the footeman he will haue no minde to lie downe but stand styll attending to his rider who in the meane while must syt still in his saddel without makinge anye noyse or mouinge at all Afterwarde make him to trot the ringe turnes wheras you may cause also more men to stande with staues in their handes and to do as the footman did before And if he will nedes fall downe there then let theim holde hym vp whether he will or not cruelly correctinge him both with their voyces and also with their staues by beatinge him vpon the heade betwixt the eares or vpon any part of his bodye next to hande And if this doe not correct his vice truly the faulte is in the footemen lackinge perhaps suche terrible voyces cruell lookes and gestures or such order and time of correcting as should serue the purpose And therefore it were good for suche men to haue in their handes fiery staues made in suche sorte as is before declared in the last chapter saue one the feare and smart wherof will kepe him from lyinge downe whether he will or not which correction maye be vsed for a restiue horse by fieringe hym behynde betwyxt the thyghes This vice also maye be corrected by the helpe of a footeman hauinge in his hande a squirt full of water which he must squirt in the horses eies whē he offreth to lye downe which is a good remedy also against the Credence But these remedies last mencioned are to be vsed by riders of small skill For an expert Ryder will correct any vyce by true arte wythout the helpe of any such toyes ¶ Howe to correct that horse whiche passynge through any water wyll lye downe in the same and what is the cause of such vyce Cap. xvi THys vyce vndoubtedly proceadeth of a
so to doe euery day once vntil it be whole How to know when a horse halteth before in what parte his griefe is The Cix Chapter BEing nowe come to talk of the griefes in the shoulders legges hips houghes ioyntes and houes causing the horse moste commonly to halte I thinke it good first to shewe you the way how to finde in what part of his legges the horse is grieued when he halteth eyther before or behinde And firste you haue to consider that if a horse halteth before it must be eyther in his shoulders in his legges or in his feete If it be in his shoulders and new hurt the horse wil not lift that legge but traile it nighe the grounde If it be olde hurte he wil cast that legge further from him in his going than the other and if he be turned on the sore syde then he will halte so much the more If a horse halteth in the legge it is eyther in the knee in the shanke or in the pastorne ioynt if it be eyther in the knee or pastorne ioynt he will not bowe that in his goyng like the other but goe very stifly vpon it If he halteth in the shanke then it is by meanes of some splent wingall or suche apparant griefe apt to be sene or felt If he halt in the foote it is eyther in the cronet hele in the toe in the quarters or sole of the foote If it be in the cronet the griefe will be apparant the skin being broken or swollen some maner of way If in the hele as by ouer reache or otherwise then he will treade most on the toe if vpon any of the quarters thē going on the edge of a bank or hilly ground he will halt more than on the plaine ground and by the horses comming towardes you and going from you vpon suche edge or banke you shal easely perceyue whether his griefe be in the inwarde quarter or outward quarter The quarter is to be vnderstande from the mid houe to the hele If he halte in the toe which is not commonly sene then he will tread more vpon the hele If his griefe be in the sole of the foote then he will halte all after one sort vpon any ground vnlesse it be vpon the stones And to be sure in what parte of the foote the griefe is it shall be good first to make him go vpon the plaine ground and then vpon a harde and stony ground yea and also banky ground Thus hauing declared vnto you in generall howe to knowe in what parte a horse is grieued when he halteth before I thinke it mete first to shew you orderly al the particuler griefes and sorances whervnto the fore partes of a horse are subiect together with the causes sygnes and cure thereof That done I will speake of halting behinde and shew you first generally where the griefe is and then perticulerly declare vnto you euery griefe incident to the hinder partes of a horse And lastely I will speake of such griefes and sorances as are commō to both parts that is to say as well to the forelegges and forefete as to the hinder legges and hinder fete Of the griefe and pinching in the shoulder The Cx. Chapter THis commeth eyther by labouring and strayning the horse to yong or else by some great burthē You shall perceyue it by the narrownesse of the brest and by consuming of the fleshe of the shoulders in so much as the fore part of the shoulder bone will sticke out be a great deale higher then the fleshe And if it be of long continuance he will be very hollow vpō the brisket towardes the armeholes and he will go wyder beneath at the feete then aboue at the knees The cure according to Martin is thus Giue him a slit of an inch long with a sharpe knife or Rasor vpon both sydes an ynche vnder the shoulder bones Then with a Swannes quill put into the slitte blowe vp firste the one shoulder and then the other as bigge as you can possibly euen vp to the wythers and with your hand stryke the wind equally into euery place of the shoulders And when they be both full then beat all the windy places with a good hasell wand ouer all the shoulder Then with a flatte sclise of yron loosen the skinne within from the fleshe That done rowell the two slits or cuttes with two round rowels made of the vpper leather of an olde shooe with a hole in the middest that the matter may issu forth and let such rowels be thre inches brode and so put in as they may lye playne and flatte within the cut Then make a charge to lay vpon the same in this sorte Take of Pytch of Rosen of eche one pounde of Tarre halfe a pinte boyle these things all together in a pot and when it is somewhat cooled take a sticke with a wollen clout bound faste to the one ende thereof and dippe it into this charge and couer or daube all the shoulders therewith That done clappe therevnto a pounde of Floxe of such colour as the horse is or as nighe vnto the same as may be euery other day clense both the woundes and rowels put them in againe continuing thus to doe the space of .xv. dayes Then take them out heale vp the wounds with two taynts of Flax dipt in Turpentine and Hogs grease molten together renuing the same euery day once vntill the wounds be whole But let the charge lye still vntill it fall away of it selfe and let the horse runne to grasse vntill he hath had a frost or two Of wrinching the shoulder The Cxi Chapter THis commeth sometyme by a fall and sometime by turning to sodenly in some vneuen ground or by to rashe running out at some dore or by some strype of an other horse or by some sodayne stoppe in passing a Carrier You shall perceyue it in his going by trayling his legge vppon the ground so close vnto him selfe as he can possible The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude the quantity of thre pintes on the brest in the plat vaine receyuing the bloud in a pot and thervnto put first a quart of strōg Uineger halfe a dosen brokē egges shelles al so much wheate flower as will thicken all that lyquor That done put thervnto of bole Armeny beaten into fine pouder one pounde of Sanguis Draconis two ounces and mingle them all together so as the flower may not be perceyued and if it be to stiffe you may make it more lyquid or softe with a little Uineger Then with your hande daube all the shoulder from the mayne downewarde and betwixt the forebowels all against the haire and let not the horse departe out of that place vntill the charge be surely fastned vnto the skinne That done cary him into the stable and tye him vp to the racke and suffer him not to lye downe all that day giue him a little meate dyeting him
moderately the space of .xv. dayes during which time he may not sturre out of his place but onely to lye downe and euery day once refresh the shoulder point with this charge laying stil new vpō the old at the .xv. dayes end lead him abrode to see how he goeth and if he be somewhat amended then let him rest without trauayling the space of one month and that shall bring his shoulder to perfection But if he be neuer the better for all this that is done then it shall be nedefull to rowel him with a leather rowell vpon the shoulder poynt and to kepe him rowelled the space of .xv. dayes renning the rowell and clensing the wound euery other day and then walke him vp and downe fayre and softly and turne him alwayes on the contrary syde to the sore and when he goeth vpright pull out the rowell and heale the wound with a taynt of Flaxe dipt in Turpētyne and Hogges grease molten together And if all this will not serue then it shal be nedefull to drawe him chequorwise with a hote yron ouer all the shoulder poynte and also to make him to drawe in a plough euery day two houres at the least to settle his ioyntes for the space of three weekes or a month and if any thing wil helpe him these two laste remedies will helpe him and make him to go right vp agayne Of splayting of the shoulder The Cxij Chapter THis commeth by some daungerous slyding or slipping wherby the shoulder parteth from the breast and so leaues an open rift not in the skin but in the flesh and filme next vnder the skinne and so he halteth and is not able to go you shall perceyue it by trayling his legge after him in his going The cure according to Martin is thus First put a payre of strait pastornes on his forefete keping him still in the stable without disquieting him Thē take of Dialthea one pounde of Sallet Oyle one pynte of Oyle de Bays halfe a pounde of freshe butter halfe a pound Melte all these things together in a Pipkin and annoynt the grieued place therwith and also roūd about the insyde of the shoulder and within two or thre dayes after both that place and all the shoulder besydes will swell Then eyther pricke him with a launcet or fleame in al the swelling places or els with a lyttle sharpe hote yron made in this sorte the heade whereof would be an ynch long to the intente that the corruption may runne out and vse to annoynt it still with the oyntment aforesayde But if you see that it will not goe away but swell still and gather to a heade then launce it where the swelling doth gather most is softe vnder the finger then taint it with flax dipt in this ointment Take of Turpentine and of Hogges grease of ech two ounces and melt them together renuing the taynt twyce a day vntill it be whole Of the shoulder pight The Cxiij Chapter THat is when the shoulder poynt or pitch of the shoulder is displaced which grief is called of the Italians Spallato it cōmeth by reason of some great fal forwarde rush or strain The sygnes be these That shoulder point wil stick out further then his fellow and the horse will halte right downe The cure according to Martin is thus First make him to swime in a depe water vppe and and downe a dosen turnes and that shall make the ioynt to returne to his place Then make two tough pinnes of Asshen woode as much as your little finger sharpe at the poyntes eche one fiue ynches lōg That done slitte the skin an ynch aboue the point and an inche beneath the point of the shoulder and thrust in one of the pinnes from aboue downward so as both endes may equallye sticke without the skin And if the pin of woode will not easely passe through you may make it way firste with an yron pin That done make other two holes crosse to the first holes so as the other pin may crosse the first pyn right in the midst with a right crosse and the firste pyn woulde be somewhat flatte in the midst to the intente that the other being rounde may passe the better without stoppe and close the iuster together Then take a piece of a little lyne somewhat bigger then a whipcorde and at one ende make a loope which being put ouer one of the pins endes winde the reast of the Lyne good and strait about the pinnes endes so as it may lye betwixt the pins endes and the skin and fasten the laste ende with a packe nedle and a packe threede vnto the rest of the cord so as it may not slippe and to do well both the prickes and the corde woulde be first annointed with a little Hogges greace Then bring him into the stable and let him rest the space of nine dayes but let him lye downe as lyttle as may be and putte on a pastorne on the sore legge so as it may be bounde with a corde vnto the foote of the maunger to kepe that leg alwayes whilst he standeth in the stable more forwarde then the other And at the .ix ▪ dayes ende take out the prickes and annoint the sore places with a little Dialthea or with Hogs greace and then turne him to grasse Of the swelling of the forelegs after great labour The Cxiiij Chapter GReat labour and heat causeth humors to resort down into the legs making them to swel The cure wherof according to Martin is thus Bathe them with buttered beere or else with this bath here folowing Take of mallowes three handeful a Rose Cake of Sage one handefull Boyle them together in a sufficient quātity of water and when the Mallows be soft put in halfe a pound of butter and halfe a pinte of Sallet oyle and then being somewhat warme washe the swelling therewith euery day once the space of thre or foure dayes And if the swelling will not goe away with this then take wyne lyes and Cumin boyle them together put thervnto a little wheate flower and charge all the swelling therewith and walke him often and if all will not serue then take vp the great vayne aboue the knee on the insyde suffering him not to bleede from aboue but al from beneath Of foundering in the forelegges The Cxv. Chapter THe cause of this griefe is declared before in the chapter of foūdering in the body whereas I shewed you that if a horse be foundered in the body the humors wyl immediately resort downe into his legges Martin sayth within the space of .xxiiij. houres and then the horse wil goe crowching al vpon the hinder legges his forelegges being so stiffe as he is not able to bowe thē The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sorte Garter eche legge immediately one handefull aboue the knee with a list good and harde and then walke him to chafe him and to put him in a heate and being somewhat warmed let him
vpright is to charge his hip back with pitch rosen moltē together and layd on warme then some flockes of his own colour to be clapped vpon the same and so to let him runne to grasse vntill he goe vpright But the sore hip wil neuer rise agayne so hyghe as the other If the horse be not hipped but only hurt in the hip and that newly Then fyrst take of oyle de Bay of Dialthea of Nerual of swines grease of ech halfe a pounde melt them all together stirring thē continually vntil they be throughly mingled together and annoynt the sore place against the haire wyth this oyntment euery day once the space of a fortenight and make the oyntment to synke well into the flesh by holding a hote brode barre of iron ouer the place annoynted weauing your hande to and fro vntil the ointment be entred into the skinne And if at the fortenightes ende you see that the horse amendeth no whitte for this then slyt a hole downewarde in his skinne an ynch beneath the hyp bone making the hole so wyde as you may easely thrust in a rowel with your finger and then with a little brode sclice of yron losen the skin frō the flesh aboue the bone roūd about the same so brode as the rowel may lie flat playne betwixt the skin the flesh which rowell would be made of soft calues leather with a hole in the midst like a ring hauing a threde tyed vnto it to pul it out when you would clense the hole in this sort if the rowell be rowled aboute with flaxe faste tyed on and annoynted wyth the oyntmente vnder wrytten it will drawe so much the more And thruste in the rowell fyrst double and then spread it abrode with your fynger That done taynt it with a good long taint of flax or toawe dipt in a little Turpentine hogges greace moltē together and made warme and cleanse the hole and the rowel euery day once also renew the taynt for the space of a fortenight And before you dresse him cause him euery day to be ledde vp and downe a foote pace a quarter of an houre to make the humours come downe and at the fortenights ende pull out the rowell and heale vp the wound with the same salue making the taint euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be whole And so sone as it is whole draw with a hote yron crosse lynes of eyght or nine ynches long righte ouer the hyppe bone so as the rowelled place may be in the very mydst thereof and burne him no deeper but so as the skinne may looke yeallow then charge all that place and ouer all his buttocke with thys charge Take of pytch one pounde of Rosen halfe a pound of Tarre halfe a pynte Boyle them together and then being good and warme spred it on with a clout tied in a riuen sticke And then clappe on a fewe flockes of the horses colour and if it be in Sommer let the horse runne to grasse a while for the more he trauayleth at his owne wyll the better it is for him Of stiffling and hurtes in the stiffle The Cxxiiij Chapter THe Horse is sayd to be styffled when the styffling bone is remoned from his right place But if it be not remoued nor losened and yet the Horse halteth by meanes of some grief ther then we say that the horse is hurt in the stiffle and not styffled The styffle cōmeth by meanes of some syde blowe ▪ or some greate strayne flypping or slyding The signes be these If he be stiffled the one bone wyll sticke out further than the other and is apparant to the eye Martin would haue you to cure the styffle in al poynts like vnto the shoulder pight sauing that the pinnes neede not to be so long bycause the stifling place is not so brode as the shoulder and standing in the stable let him haue a pastorne wyth a ring vpon his sore legge and therevnto fasten a corde which corde must go about his necke let it be so much strayned as it may bring hys sore leg more forwarde than the other to kepe the bone from starting out But if the Horse be but hurt in the styffle wyth some strype or strayne then the bone will not stand out but perhaps the place may be swollen The cure according to Martin is thus Fyrst annoynt the place with the oyntment mentioned in the laste Chapter before euery day once the space of a fortenight and if the Horse amend not wyth this ▪ then rowel him with a hearen rowell or else wyth a quyll and lette the neather hole be somewhat beneath the sore place cleanse the hole euery day by turning the rowell continuing styll to annoynt the place with the oyntmente aforesayde and that shall make him whole Of foundering behinde The Cxxv. Chapter THys haps moste commonly when a horse is very fat and hath his grease molten wtin him which is sone done with euery litle heat You shall perceyue it by his going for he wyll be afrayde to sette his hinder feete to the grounde and he wyll be so weake behinde as he wil stande quiuering and shaking and couet alwayes to lie downe The cure according to Martin is thus Firste garter him aboue the houghes and then force him to goe a while to put him in a heate and being somewhat warme let him bloud in the thigh vaynes reseruing of that bloude a pottle to make him a charge in this sorte Put vnto that bloude of wheate flower of beane flower of eche a quarter of a pecke of Bole Armenie one pounde of Sanguis Draconis two ounces syxe egges shelles and all of Turpentine halfe a pounde of Uinegre a quarte Mingle all these things together and therewith charge both his hinder legges raynes and flankes al against the haire And if the horse can not dung lette him be raked and giue him this glister Take of Mallowes three handfuls boyle them well in faire water from a pottle to a quarte Then strayne it and put therevnto halfe a pound of butter and of Sallet oyle a quarter of a pinte and hauing emptied his belly gyue him also this drinke to comfort him Take of Malmesy a quarte and putte therevnto a little Synamom Mace and Pepper beaten into fine pouder and of oyle a quarter of a pinte and giue the horse to drinke of that luke warme with a horne That done let him be walked vp downe a good while together if he be able to goe if not then tye him vp to the rack and let him be hanged with canuas and ropes so as he may stande vpon the grounde with his feete For the lesse he lie the better and pare his hinder feete thinne vntyll the deawe come out and tacking on the shoes agayne stoppe the houes with branne and hogges greace boyled together and let both his feete hauing this geare in it be wrapped vppe in a cloth euen to his
liuelye and sensible of him selfe sauinge then you shall not nede to ride him againe the next day folowing For the first time shall suffise to make him obedient to your will and make him kepe suche measure and time in his turning as he ought to do It is good also if the horse be slow somtime to trotte him out the length of a short maneging course and when he cometh towarde the ende therof to gallop him and at the stop cause him to tourne the first halfe turne and then immediatly vpon the same to close the other haulfe tourne on the same hand and then make much of him suffering him to pawse a while yea and it is possible that withoute pawsing at all you shall perceiue suche redines in the horse as you maye folowe on with another whole turne and so to geue him on ech hand .ii. whole turnes remembring alwaye to hasten him with your tounge so much as you possiblye maye whiche shall not onelye make him ready in his tournes but also to knowe the verye meanyng of the helpe which after that he hath once obtained you shal nede no more to geue him these maneging courses for than he will tourne at any tyme that you will haue him ¶ Helpes and corrections meete to be vsed for the amending of suche faultes as most commonlye happe in makyng the whole or double tournes Cap. xviii YF your horse at the closynge of any turne vseth to swarue of any syde then a little before he stoppe or els in hys verye stopping strike him with the Caulfe of youre legge on the same side and if nede be with youre spur pricking him more or lesse as you shal see it nedefull and that shall force him to make a iust stop and to kepe the right path So as afterward he shall nede no such helpe beinge in dede than superfluous But although he can stop well and be very redy of tourne yet when soeuer he doubleth helpe him always with your tunge and somtime with your rod and legge and that shall hasten him and make him to go swiftly about and to close well If your horse foltereth with his legges in hys tourninge for fault of not bringing ouer the contrary leg or lyfteth not his feete orderly or turneth not fast inowe about then euerye time that he hath ended his tourne staye there and so soone as he is stayed if his tournes were not well made of any syde first strike him once or twise with the spur on the cōtrary side then geue him asmuche with the spur on the other side and last of all on the same side that you stroke him first and kepinge him still in the same pathe tourne him agayne as you did before at the last you shall see by that this correction he will amende his fault and so doynge you shall make muche of him But if your horse in his doublynge maketh his tournes to much forward and you can by no ordinary meanes bring him from it then ride him with his head toward some wall or tree and when you are within a verye little of the sayde wall or tree stop him and tourne him forcinge him alwayes to close hys laste tourne towardes the wall or tree so shall he be forced to kepe still one place in his turning Or you may if you will without any wall or tree correct that fault by bearyng a stiffer hand on him then you were wont to doe but so as you distemper not his mouth and looke howe muche ground that he incroched in closing of his turne forward when he hath done make him to goe asmuche againe backewarde Or you may correct him thus Ride hym into some were grounde newe plowed with deepe forrowes and there pase trot or gallop him the length of a maneging course vntill such tyme as he hath made a playne path and beaten out euident markes of stoppe and there cause him to double and you shal see that after the first time he wil not be so hasty in preassing forwarde because it will gryeue him to leaue the beaten path to plunge into the mire And looke as the making him to go bacward will correct him of his stelyng forwarde so you may correct his reling backwarde in hys tourning by making him in th ende to goe asmuche forward You maye also correct both faultes thus If he girde forwarde then make hym to double in a playne ground at the foote of some hill and to close his tourne vpward toward the hill And if he reele backward in his doubling then cause him to close his last turne from the hillward Of the Chambetta Cap. xix BUt besides all this there is one other point belonginge to the tournes as well single as double but specially to the single turnes of a manege which geueth a better grace vnto them then anye thing els And that is when the horse holdeth vp his forefoote on that syde that he should tourne Whilst he bringeth ouer the contrarye leg and setteth it not downe agayne vntyll he hath closed his tourne whiche acte Grison calleth La ciambetta for by this meanes he shall carye both his forefete cleane aboue the grounde and tourne a greate deale better then when he trayleth his feete vppon the ground For whiche feat for that in oure toung we haue no proper name I will therefore cal it from henceforth the Chambetta and you shall teach your horse to do it in thys sort Ride him into some narrow waye or cause a dyke to be made of purpose in maner and forme folowing first let it be so long as a common maneginge course not aboue .ix. ynches deepe and in the bottome one foote and a halfe broade from whiche bottome the two sides and the two endes of the dike must rise shoryng So as it maye be a great deale broader aboue at the brynkes then beneath hauing the very fashion of a Trow bote or punt Or if you wil you may make it of a greater depth but then it must haue breadth in the top accordingly And the Rider must be the more circūspect aswel in bearyng his bridle hand as in timelye helping of his horse The dike then beyng thus made Ride into it and there geue your horse on eche hande .ii. or .iii. tournes wherof alwayes let the first be faire and softly to thintent that he maye close the others more spedely according to the order of doubling as I taught you before and you shall see that in closing his tournes the narrownesse of the rowme shall so trouble him as for feare of knocking his contrary leg agaynst the other he shal be gladde to lift vp the other leg and so to come aloft with both legges together aboue grounde But you must beware that in steade of lyfting vp hys legs he reeleth not backewarde nor in his tourninge goeth cleane out of the dyke for that were a foule faulte and much agaynst your pourpose and therefore you muste beare a temperate hande and be
strugling Then bath his stones wel with warme water and butter molten together the stones being somewhat warme and wel molified raise them vp from the body with both your handes being closed by the fingers faste together and holding the stones in your handes in such maner worke downe the gut into the body of the horse by stryking it downewarde continuallye wyth your two thombs one labouring immediatelye after an other vntyll you perceyue that syde of the stone to be so small as the other and hauing so discorded that is to say returned the gutte into his right place Take a liste of two fingers brode thorowly annointed with fresh butter tye his stones both together with the same so nighe the body as may be not ouer harde but so as you may put your finger betwixt That done take the horse quietlye downe and leade him fayre and softly into the stable wheras he must stande warme not be sturred for the space of three weekes But forget not the nexte day after hys discording to vnlosen the liste and to take it away and as well at that time as euery day once or twice after to caste a dishe or two of colde water vppe into his Coddes and that will make hym to shrinke vp his stones and therby restraine the gut from falling downe and at the thre wekes ende to be sure it were not amisse to gelde the stone on that syde away so shall he neuer be incorded againe on that syde But let him not eate much nor drinke muche and let his drinke be alwayes warme Of the botch in the graynes of a horse The Cvi Chapter IF a horse be full of humors and then sodenly laboured the humors will resort into the weakest parts and theyr gather together and brede a botch and specially in the hinder partes betwixte the thighes not farre from the Coddes The signes be these The hinder legges wil be all swollen and specially from the houghes vpward and if you fele with your hād you shal find a great knob or swelling if it be round hard it wil gather to a head The cure according to Martin is thus First ripe it with this playster Take of wheat flower of Turpentine of hony of ech like quātity styrring it together to make a stiffe plaister with a cloth lay it vnto the sore renuing it euery day once vntil it breake or waxe softe and then launce it so as the matter may runne downewarde Then taint it with Turpentyne and Hogs grease molten together renuing it euery day once vntill it be whole Of the diseases incident to the wombe of a Mare and specially of barrennesse The Cvij Chapter IT seemeth by some writers that the wombe of a Mare is subiect to certaine diseases thoughe not so many as the womb of a woman as to ascent discent falling out convulsion barrēnesse aborsement yea Aristotle and others doe not let to write that menstruall bloude doth naturallye voyde from the Mare as from the woman though it be so little in quātity as it can not be wel perceyued But sith none of mine Authours haue writtē therof to any purpose nor any Ferrer of this time that I know haue had any experience in such matters I wil passe them al ouer with silence sauing barrēnesse wherof I promised in the breders office to declare vnto you the causes such kind of cure for the same as the old wryters haue taught A Mare thē may be barren through the vntemperatnesse of the womb or matrix as for that it is to hote fyery or else to colde moyst or to dry or else to short or to narrow or hauing the necke thereof turned awry or by meanes of some obstruction or stopping in the matrix or for that the Mare is to fatte or to leane and many tymes Mares go barren for that they be not well horsed Well the cure of barrennesse that cōmeth through the faulte of the Matrix or wombe according to the old wryters is thus Take a good handeful of Leekes stampe them in a morter with halfe a Glasse full of wine Then put therevnto .xij. flyes called of the Appoticaries Cantharides of diuers coulours if they may be gotten then strayne al togyther with a sufficient quantitie of water to serue the Mare therewith two dayes together by pouring the same into hir nature with a horne or glister pype made of purpose and at the ende of three dayes next following offer the horse vnto hir that shoulde couer hir and immediately after that she is couered wash hir nature twice together with colde water An other receyte for the same purpose TAke of Nytrum of sparrows dong and of Turpentyne of ech lyke quantity well wrought together and made like a suppository and put that into hir nature and it will cause hir to desire the horse and also to conceyue Hipocrates sayth that it is good also to put a Nettle into the horses mouth that shoulde couer hir Of the Itche Scabbe and Maunginesse in the tayle and falling of the tayle The Cviij Chapter IN spring tyme horses be many tymes troubled with the tronchons in their fundament and then they will rubbe their tayle and breake the haire thereof and yet in his tayle perhaps shall be neyther ytche scurffe nor scabbe wherfore if you rake the horse well with your hand annointed with Sope and searche for those tronchons and pull them cleane oute you shall cause hym to leaue rubbing and if you see that the haire doe fall away of it selfe then it is a signe that it is eyther eaten with wormes or that there is some scurffe or scabbe fretting the haire and causing such an ytche in his tayle as the horse is alwayes rubbing the same As touching the wormes scurffe or scabbe it shall be good to annoynt all the tayle with sope then to washe it cleane euen to the ground with strong lye that will kill the wormes and make the haire to grow againe And if much of the tayle be worne away if shall be nedefull to kepe the tayle continually wette with a sponge dipte in faire water and that will make the haire to growe very fast But if the horses taile be maungy then heale that like as you doe the maungynesse of the Mayne before rehearsed Againe if there breede any Canker in the tayle whiche will consume both the fleshe and bone and as Laurentius Russius sayth make the ioyntes to fall away one by one It shall be good as Martin sayth to washe all his tayle with Aqua fortis or strong water made in this sort Take of grene Corporas of Atom of eche one pounde of whyte Corporas a quartern Boyle all these things together in thre quarts of rūning water in a very strōg earthen pot vntyll the one halfe be consumed and then with a little of this water being made luke warme washe his tayle with a little clout or Flaxe bounde to the ende of a sticke continuing