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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	hand_n	pike_n	right_a	8,769	5	10.4408	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51540	An epitome of the whole art of war In two parts. The first of military discipline, containing the whole exercise of the pike and musquet, &c. with plain directions for the various postures. Also the drawing up of battalions, and way of forming them; with the art of doubling, wheeling, forming and drawing up an army into any figure. The way of conducting armies in hilly, woody or plain countries: of encampings, besiegings, giving of battle, &c. The second of fortification and gunnery, which shews the principles and practices of fortification, as now used, as well by the English, as several other European nations, (especially by Their Majesties army) at the late siege of Athlone, Galoway, Limerick, &c. ... Of casements, cittadels, crownworks, ravelins, &c. Of gunnery, ... morters, demy-cannon, &c. with the manner of batteries, &c. All illustrated and further explained by 18 copper-plates, curiously designed and engraven.	Moxon, Joseph, 1627-1691.; J. S., Capt. Military discipline.; J. S., Capt. Fortification and military discipline.	1692 (1692)	Wing M3002; ESTC R217907	42,745	122

about Charge As you were Charge Advance your Pikes Shoulder your Pikes Charge to the Front As you were Charge to the Right As you were Charge to the Right about As you were Charge to the Left As you were Charge to the left about As you were Port Comport Charge to the Front Traile Charge As you were Advance your Pikes Musquetiers take heed Poise your Musquets Shoulder your Musquets Musquetiers make ready The manner of the Exercise of the Pike and Musquet together MVsquetiers make ready At the pronouncing these words of Command the Pikes being advanced and the Musquets shouldred the Musquetiers are to perform distinctly every posture of the Musquet together and being ready which is understood to be Cock't they are to guard them with their thumbs on their Cocks and bring up their Musquets streight before them their left hands the height of their mouths Both Pike-men and Musquetiers always observing when ever they recover their arms before them to bring their right heels to their left insteeps and when the Pikes charge and the Musquets rest to fall back with their right feet in a direct line Then to the Right 4 times Charge To the Right about Charge As you were Charge To the left 4 times Charge To the left about Charge As you were Charge Recover your Arms. Half bend your Musquets Poise your Musquets Shoulder your Musquets Here the Pike-men are to bring their Pikes from their Recover to their Advance Poise your Musquets Here the Piekmen are to joyn their left hands to their Pikes even to their shoulders Then Order your Arms is the next word of command In ordering their Arms they must be sure to make a little stop before the butt-But-end comes to the ground that they may come down altogether at once Pikes to your inside Order Lay down your Arms. Quit your Arms. After laying down their Arms and quitting them they are all to stand up together To the right about March When the Soldiers have laid down their Arms and quitting them upon beat of Drum they are all to draw their Swords and run to their Arms observing always to keep the points of their Swords upright for fear of mischief When they lay their right hands on their Swords they must take hold of their Scabbards with their left hand Then the next word is Return you Swords When they return their Swords they must do it all at one motion Handle your Arms Pikes to your outside order Poise your Musquets Shoulder your Musquets Advance your Pikes Officers take your Posts at the head of the Battalion March Here all the Officers are to march back in the same method to the Front of the Batalion as they went from it Directions for the several Postures in exercising of the Musquet and Pike and first of the Musquet HE that designs to be a Soldier or become an Artist in Arms ought in the first place to learn and practise the Postures of his Arms a Posture being a Mode or Garb that we are used unto in the well-handling of our Arms. 1. Silence is an excellent Virtue and observe for all That in the Exercise both of Pike and Musquet the Feet are to be at a moderate distance for if they are too wide asunder or too near together it weakens and be sure to keep your left heel fast and to set your feet exactly or else you can never handle your Arms as you ought Lay your right hand on your Musquet Turn the Barrel toward you the Lock uppermost and lay your right hand the fingers extended just behind the Lock close the butt-but-end of your Musquet to your shoulder that the Muzzels may be all of a height Poise your Musquet Grasp your Musquet hard facing to the right with a quick motion upon your left heel keeping your Musquet directly before you the height of your Cravat your right elbow on your side your feet neither too near nor at too great a distance but so that by turning the point of the left toe to the Front and that of your right as you face your left heel being exactly against the middle of your right foot you are in the posture for resting which is the reason of facing to the right that you may be in a readier posture to rest Rest your Musquet Let your Musquet sink down to your left hand and receive the Musquet into it just where the Scowrer enters into the Stock not touching the Barrel keeping your right hand upon your Musquet behind the Lock let your Musquet be held a little sloping about half a foot from your side as low as you can without stooping Cock your Musquet Place your right thumb upon the Cock and your fingers behind the Trigger and with the help of closing it to your thigh you cock it keeping it still rested with your thumb upon the Cock. Guard your Musquet keeping your thumb upon the Cock and your fingers behind the Trigger you bring up your Musquet with a very quick motion streight before you to the Recover your left hand as high as your mouth about half a foot from it without stooping bringing your right heel to your left in step Present Fall back with your right foot so that the left heel be against the middle of it raising the butt-but-end of your Musquet to your shoulder your right elbow not higher than your Piece bending your left knee and keeping the right very stiff and your Musquet being level'd breast-high with your fingers upon the Trigger Fire Then be sure to draw the Trigger at one motion keeping your body steddy taking good aim and keeping your Musquet fast to your shoulder until you have the Word of Command Recover your Arms. Sink the butt-but-end of your Musquet till you hold it upright in both hands the left hand alwaies as high as your mouth and the right under the Lock bring up your Musquet with a very quick motion and your right heel to your left instep Half bend your Musquet falling back with your right Leg bring your Musquet to the Rest laying your right Thumb upon the Cock and your Fingers behind the Trigger half bend it by putting it close to your Thigh and then keeping your Musquet rested Clean your Pan pressing the Ball of your Thumb into the Pan you wipe it having done that hold your Musquet in your right hand behind the Lock Handle your Primer Take hold of the great end of it between the Thumb and fore-finger of your right hand your Arm backward Prime At which time you must level your Musquet to be exactly upon a line and then put Powder into your pan Shut your Pan with your two first Fingers and casting back your Primer bring your Musquet to the Recover as there directed keeping your Thumb on the top of the Steel Blow off your loose Corns Be sure to blow all together bring your Pan up to your mouth standing upright blow off the loofe Corns then let your Musquet sink into the posture it was

in before Cast about to Charge you advance with your right leg turning your Musquet the barrel downwards bringing it to the left side a little backwards in your left hand keeping your right-foot-toe directly to the Front and your right heel over against the middle of the left foot ballancing your Musquet in the left hand the right hand joyned to the Muzzle which must be held directly to the front a foot from your body Handle your Charger Take it full in your hand and place it underneath your Musquet about an inch from the Muzzle Open it with your Teeth Bring it up to your mouth standing upright with your Head and not to bring your Head down to it Assoon as you have done this bring the Charger within an inch of the Muzzle underneath as before and cover the mouth of your Charger with the Ball of your Thumb Charge with Powder Put the Charge of powder into the barrel then hold your Charger again underneath your Musquet as before Draw forth your Scourer Now let fall your Charger and turn your hand your little-finger next the Muzzle and draw it at three motions being drawn dart it that is hold it level to the height of your Eye your Arm extended Shorten it to an inch Turn the great end of your Scowrer towards you and slip your hand till within an inch of the end letting it rest against your body a little below your right breast sloped all of a height Charge with Bullet Take the Bullet out of your mouth putting it into the barrel and then put the great end of the Scourer after it just into the Muzzle of the Piece and so stand till the next word of command Ram down Powder and Ball. Which is done by holding a handful of the Scowrer in your hand and your thumb on the top of it Withdraw your Scowrer Turn your hand your thumb and fore-finger towards the Muzzle and when your Scowrer is clear which is to be done at three motions dart again as before Shorten it to an handful Turn the small end of the Scowrer to your breast and slip your hand till within an handful of the end of it holding it to your body as before directed Return your Scowrer Re-place it in the Stock of your Musquet pressing it down with your thumb then alwaies remember to grasp the Muzzle of your Musquet with your right hand your thumb streight out upon the Scowrer keeping your Musquet clear from your side some half a foot the Muzzels all of a height directly to the front Poise your Musquet With your left hand bring up your Musquet before you and falling with your right leg even with your left grasp your Musquet under the Lock with your right hand and poise as before Shoulder your Musquet as formerly Poise as before Order Sink your right hand a little take hold of the Stock with your left hand upon the place where the Scowrer goes into the Stock then sinking that hand take hold of the Muzzle with your right hand and let the butt-but-end sink to the ground close to the right foot the Lock outwards Lay down your Musquet Turn your Musquet with the Lock upwards and step forwards with your left leg and right hand and lay it upon the ground in a streight line Quit your Musquet Fall back with your left leg even to the right and stand up Handle your Musquet Step forwards with your left leg and lay your right hand near the Muzzle of your Musquet Order your Musquet Lift up the Muzzle of your Musquet and fall back with your left leg even to the right turning the Lock of your Musquet outwards by the middle of your foot Directions for the several Postures in exercising of the PIKE ADvance your Pikes With your right hand lift upright your Pike as high as you can well reach and take it with your left hand as low as you can and raise it till the butt-but-end comes into the right hand then bring it between your breast and shoulder upright close to your thigh To the Front Lay your left hand on your Pike even with the top of your shoulder and bring the Pike streight upright before you with a quick motion drawing in your right heel to your left instep Charge Fall back with your right leg so that the heel of your left foot may be directly against the middle of your right foot Bring down your Pike extream quick with a jerk and charge Breast high your left Elbow under your Pike to support it yielding your body forwards and bending your left Knee with your feet at a convenient distance that you may stand strong always holding the butt-But-end of your Pike in the Palm of your right hand and your left foot pointing in a strait line with your Pike To the Right four times Turn your left Toe to the right Bring up your right heel to your left Insteps and your Pike recovered straight before you with as quick a motion as in Charging Then having turned fall back with your right leg as before Charge as before To the right about Turn your left Toe to the right about bringing your right Heel as before and your Pike recovered charge before As you were You turn your left Toe to the left about bringing up your Pike recovered your left hand never to be higher than your Mouth and your right Heel as before and being turned you fall back with your Right Leg and Charge You must be sure always to bring your Pike streight up and not to swing it about for then 't will clatter against the other Pikes To the Left Four times To the Left about As you were Advance your Pikes Bringing up your Right Heel to your Left Instep and your Pike first before you you fall out with your Right Foot even with your Left and bring your Pike to your Shoulder Shoulder Lay your Left Hand on your Pike even with your Shoulder fall back with your Right Leg and put back your Right Arm as far as you well can holding your Pike half a Foot from your side then taking off your Left Hand bring up your Right Leg and lay your Pike on your Right Shoulder your Elbow close to your Body the butt-butt-end half a Foot from the ground Charge to the Front Fall back with your Right Leg and put back your Right Arm as far as you can be sure to keep the Spear directly to the Reer and your Pike sloaped at the same heighth with the Spear as when it was Shouldered neither higher not lower Vide Charge Shoulder as you were You must now raise your Pike with both your Hands then leaving it with the Right Hand and turning the Head backwards with the Left take hold again with the Right as high as you can reach with ease bringing up your Right leg taking off your Left Hand from your Pike Shoulder as before Charge to the Right Bring your Pike up and turn the butt-butt-end backwards by your

Right side taking it in the Palm of your Right Hand turning your Body to the Right upon your Left Foot with your Right Leg behind your Left and Charge as before Shoulder as you were Raise your Pike with both Hands then turn about to the Left bringing your Feet as formerly directed then with your Left hand turn your head of the Pike to the Right Then taking hold of it with your Right Hand hold it in both hands at a little distance from your Body as before sloped at the same height as when Shouldered then bringing up your Right Leg lay it on your Shoulder Charge to the Right about Fall back with your Leg and Hand as before and stand with your Pike in the same Posture then upon your Left Foot turn to the Right about bring the butt-Butt-end of your Pike to the right side falling back with your right Leg level your Pike Breast high and Charge As you were Turn to the Left about and with your Left Hand bring the butt-Butt-end of your Pike by your left side keeping the Speer-point exactly to the Reer the same height as before then laying your Right Hand as high as you can well reach hold it from your Body as before then bring up your Right Leg and Shoulder Charge to the Left Fall back with your Leg and Arm as in the rest and turn to the Lest and with your Left Hand turn the butt-Butt-end of the Pike to the Right and bring up your Right Leg. Charge As you were Bring your Pike over your Head with your Left Hand falling back with your Right Leg and puting back your Right Arm as before bring up the Right Leg and Shoulder Port. As Charging to the Front but that you sink not the Spear of your Pike so low and instead of letting the Pike rest upon your Left Elbow 't is to rest between the Thumb and Fore-finger and your Elbow close to your side Comport You bring your Left Hand as far back as you can and stretching out the Right at the same time step forwards with your right Foot grasp your Pike with your Right Hand then leaving it with your Left Hand fall back with the Right Leg even with your Left close the Pike to your side the Spear of your Pike about the height of your Head Charge to the Front Extend your Right Arm as much as you can advancing your Right Leg at the same motion and putting your Left Hand as far back as you can bring forward your Pike then stepping back with your Right Leg take hold of the butt-butt-end of it with your Right hand when you Charge Charge always Breast high Trail Face to the Right about and let the Spear of your Pike fall behind you quit your Right Hand from the butt-butt-end of it without stirring your Left Charge as you were Turn to the Left about and taking the butt-butt-end of the Pike on the Palm of your Right Hand Charge Advance your Pikes Bring up your Right Heel to your Left Instep and your Pike before you to the Recover you fall out with your Right Foot even with your Left and bring your Pike to your Right Thigh Order your Pikes Lay your Left Hand on your Pike even with the top of your Shoulder then sinking your Left Hand take hold of it with your Right Hand so as when the butt-butt-end of it is upon the Ground your Right Hand may be against your Eye keeping your Pike near your Head and the butt-butt-end near the Latchet of your Shooe Pikes to your inside Order Move the butt-butt-end of your Pike on the inside of the middle of your Right Foot Lay down your Pike Step forward quick with your Left Leg lay it down strait with your Right Hand Quit your Pikes Bring back your Left Leg even to your Right and stand up altogether Handle your Pikes Step forward with your Left Leg quick placing the middle of your Right Foot against the butt-but-end of your Pike lay your Right Hand on your Pike as far as you can reach Order your Pikes Raise the Pike with your Right Hand only and fall back with your Left Leg. Pikes to your Outside Order Place the butt-butt-end of your Pike at the middle on the outside of your Foot Advance As before PLATE I. The Way and Method how to form and order Battalions of Foot THIS Excellent Art of forming the Foot instructs how to draw up a Body of them in such excellent order and with so much precaution beforehand that it may be able to withstand 〈…〉 another Body of Infantry though of a 〈◊〉 greater number or a Body of Cavalry alone or else a Body compos'd both of Cavalry and Infantry when attacked in a Plain Down or in an open Field where there are neither Defiles as Hedges nor Ditches nor any rising Grounds to defend them from the Enemy Now the Pike and Partisan being the only Arms proper to stop 〈◊〉 fury of the Cavalry and to prevent their breaking in upon the Battalion the first thing that is to be done in drawing up this Battalion must be to form a Body of all Pikes and it must be the chief care of the Officer that commands the Party to dispose his Men in such a form that they may be able not only to defend the Musqueteers but the Colours also and the Baggage if there should be occasion Plate I 1. The Men must be so ordered as to stand with their Arms presented every way and to make a Front on every side to the end that whatever of their Fronts be assailed or attacked they may be able to defend themselves 2. The Soldiers must be so ordered that the Angles of the Battalion may be very obtuse in such a manner that the two sides that form the Angle joyn together but with one right Line only For the Angle is the weakest part of the Battalion as being least strengthened by the Pikes For the Soldiers which are next the Angle present their Pikes in Front and not being able therefore to present lie open to the Enemy So that our Fore-Fathers with whom squ 〈…〉 Battalions were in great use flanked their Angles with little Bodies of Musqueteers marked ABCD which are small Bodies posted in the middle of the Fronts of the Battalion and with which sometimes they secur'd the Angles True it is that these little Bodies being easily cut off by the Horse and beaten off from the Body of the Battalion the farther use of them has been laid aside 3. You ought to leave void a space of Ground in the Center of the Battalion or middle of the Pikes sufficient to receive and secure the Musqueteers the Colours and Baggage The manner of ordering any number of Soldiers into any Square Form of Battel 1. These are to be considered either in respect of the Form of the Ground or of the Number of the Men. A Square Battel of Ground is that which hath the Rank as long as the File notwithstanding the Men in

3 2 1 0 ☉ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 583 570 534 468 377 248 000 Now suppose the Mortar to be placed at ☉ the Pricks in the middle line representeth the several Randoms numbred with the Degrees of the Quadrant forward and backward unto which the several Randoms are set so you see that the Mortar being levelled point blank throweth the Bomb 100 Paces if the Mortar be mounted one Point it throws the Bomb 248 Paces c. until 't is monnted to the 6 th Point 583 Paces which is the utmost Random Now if the Mortar be mounted higher to 7 8 9. c. Points the Randoms decrease again as before they did increase as you see in the Table But in th●se latter Randoms there lieth a great mistake as shall be made appear For if as they are distant from the sixth Point you make them equal unto one another then the Random of the 0 Point or the Level Random which is 100 Paces from the Mortar Now it is contrary to all Art and Reason to think that if the Mortar be elevated to the 12 th Point i. e. bolt upright it should shoot the Bomb 100 Paces from the Mortar no it cannot be but according to all Reason the Bomb must fall down either on or near the Mortar and not 100 Paces distant as is most erroniously conceived The foregoing Rules and Precepts are necessary to be known by every Gunner who intends to be serviceable to his Prince and Country The Exercise of the Foot-Granadeer's and Explanation beginning with the Fire-Lock OBSERVATION OBserve that Granadeers standing in a Body with Musketeers must make only the same Motions as they do because they meddle not with their Granades or Bayonets The Facings are here omitted being the same with the Musketeers Granadeers take heed to Exercise your Fire-Locks 1. JOyn your right hand to your Fire-locks as in the Exercise of the Musket 2. Poise your Fire-locks as in the Musket 3. Rest your Fire locks as in the Musket 4. Cock your Fire-locks Guarding at the same time as in the Musket 5. Present as in the Musket 6. Fire as in the Musket 7. Recover your Arms as in the Musket 8. Handle your Slings With both hands turn the Fire-lock the lock outwards holding it with your right hand before your body the Thumb upwards draw with your left hand your Sling quickly in an equal line with your Fire-lock to the left side the Thumb upwards standing thus till the next Command 9. Sling your Fire-locks Bring your Sling with your left hand just above your right shoulder at the same time bring your Fire-lock with your right hand under your left elbow bring the Sling over your head draw the Sling with your left hand in letting loose the right that the Fire-lock hang upon your right shoulder with the muzzel up and the butt end downwards then let loose your left and let it hang down as the right hand 10. Handle your Matches Bring both hands readily with half outstretched Arms before your Body about the height of your shoulder at the same time take with your right hand the lowest end of the march your thumb under and the two foremost Fingers above then bring it over the back of your hand between your thumb and your two fore-fingers then thrust out the left hand with the match quickly forwards letting at the same time the right hand hang down upon the bag 11. Handle your Granades Keep your left hand as before nimbly facing on the left foot to the right at the same time lifting up the cover of the Granade Pouch with your right hand take the Granade and bring it with an out stretched arm in a straight line with your left hand your thumb against the Fuse standing in the same Posture 12. Open your Fuse Hold your left hand still bringing the Granade to your mouth with your right open the Fuse with your teeth and thrust it nimbly from you to its former place 13. Guard the Fuse with your Thumb 14. Blow your Matches Bring up the Match before your mouth blow it off hard and quick and thrust it at the same time to its former place 15. Fire and Deliver your Granades With the left hand meet the Granade a little downwards towards the right side unconstrained to which side your face and body must be a little turned fire the Fuse bringing back the right hand a little with the Granade deliver it with a stiff arm stepping forward with the right foot equal with the left bringing down the left hand with the match to the former place letting the right hand hang down by the Pouch so continuing till the next Command 16. Return your Matches Bring both your hands before your body as in Explanation 10. Take the match put it in its place then let both hands hang down by your body 17. Handle your Slings Take hold of the midst of the Sling with your right hand and with the left about a hands breadth from the Fire lock below lift up the Fire-lock with the left so that the elbow comes through under the Fire-lock lying on the arm and shoulder let go the left from the Sling and take hold of your Fire-lock about a hands breadth above the lock let the stock come to lie between the thumb and the two foremost fingers your arms stretched with the butt end before you 18. Poise your Fire-locks With the right hand bring the Sling over your head and with the left your Fire-lock and with half stretched arms mount it the barrel turned forwards let go your right hand from the Sling turn your Fire-lock with your left hand that the lock come outwards and at the same time put your right hand under the cock the thumb upwards then thrust the Fire-lock quickly from you let go your left hand and observe that your right hand be equal with your shoulder 19. Cast about to Charge Take the Fire lock with your left hand a hands breadth from the lock the thumb upwards turn it about that the barrel come outwards and proceed as in the musket 20. Draw forth your Bayonets Take your Bayonet with your right hand draw it and with an out stretched arm bring it before you in a right line with your shoulder holding the Bayonet the thumb upwards and the flat of the blade toward your body 21. Screw your Bayonets in the Muzzels Put your Bayonet in the barrel turning about the guard towards you that it may lie fast and flat take hold of the muzzel of your Fire-lock with your right hand the thumb upwards thrusting it with both arms nimbly from your body 22. Rest your Bayonets Mount your Bayonets with both hands turning at the same time without resting upon the left heel to the right as you face let go your right hand and bring it under the cock turning the barrel towards your body then fall back hand and foot and keep the posture shewn in resting your Musket 23.

Charge your Bayonets Bring your Bayonet nimbly up with both hands and bringing up of your right foot in which bringing up you bring your right hand under so that the butt rest on your fingers the the thumb outwards upon the but end fall back with your right foot charge your Bayonet breast high in which charging the butt end lies in a full right hand and the thumb upon it 24. Cast about your Bayonets to the left side Bring up your Fire-lock straight before you with the bringing up your right Foot letting loose at the same time your right hand from the butt and bring it under the cock turn your Fire-lock with both hands so that the barrel comes outwards then do as in casting about the Musket 25. Recover your Bayonets Bring your Bayonet with both hands to your body draw it out of the barrel hold it out with a stretched arm as before 26. Put up your Bayonets Put your Bayonet into the Scabbard then take hold of your Fire-lock with your right hand by the muzzel thrusting it from you as hath been shewn 27. Half cock your Fire-locks Bring your Fire-lock with both hands mounted before your body facing to the right upon the left heel in which turning you let go your right hand take hold of the cock with your right thumb and proceed as in the Musket 28. Blow your Pans as with the Musket 29. Handle your Prime●s as in the Musket only the muzzle held a little lower 30. Prime as with the Musket 31. Shut your Pan as with the Musket 32. Cast about to Charge as with the Musket 33. Handle your Cartridges as with the Musket 34. Open your Cartridges Bringing the Cartridge to your mouth bite of the top and bring it again to its place holding the Cartridge with the thumb upwards 35. Charge with your Cartridges Put it into the barrel keeping your two foremost fingers on the barrel till the next Command 36. Draw forth your Scourer as with the Musket 37. Shorten them to an Inch as with the Musket 38. Ram down Powder and Ball as with the Musket 39. Withdraw your Scourers as with the Musket 40. Shorten them to a handful as in the Musket 41. Return your Scouerers as with the Musket 42. Poise your Fire-locks as with the Musket 43. Shoulder your Fire-locks as with the Musket 44. Rest your Fire-locks as with the Musket 45. Order your Fire-locks as with the Musket 46. Laydown your Fire lock as with the Mus●et 47. Quit your Fire lock as with the Mus●et 48. Handle your Fire lock as with the Musket 49. Order your Fire-lock as with the Musket 50 Rest your Fire lock as with the Mus●et 51. Club your Fire locks Keep your Fire-lock f●rm in your left hand bring up the right foot at the same time that the butt-butt-end is upwards and the muzzel downwards at once ta●ing hold of it with the right hand about a foot from the muzzel that the right thumb come upwards and the left downwards then let loose the left hand and ta●e hold again at the same time with a full left hand an inch from the muzzel hold it with outstretched arms against the left shoulder and bring it upon your shoulder with the Lock upwards quit your right hand nimbly and let it hang down by your side 52. Rest your Firelock Turn the ●ire-l●c● with your left hand inwards and at the same time take hold with the right above the left the thumb upwards and the elbows in a streight line bring the same nimbly with both hands before your body then let loose your left hand sin●ing the right hand and Fire-lock a little and ta●ing it at the same time with the left hand turned both the thumbs turned one against another then loose your right hand and turning the Fire-lock bring the butt end down and rest your Fire-loc● 53. Shoulder your Fire-lock First poise your Fire lock bringing up your right foot at the same time then meeting it with your left lay it on your shoulder Take heed to make ready to give fire at three words of Command 1. Make Ready This is done as in the three first Explanations is shewn at large 2. Present This is done as in Explanation 4 and 5. 3. Fire This is done as in Explanation 6. and 7. Take heed to make ready to Fire and Deliver your Granades at three words of Command 1. Make Ready This is done as is shewn from Explanation 8. to 13. Inclusive 2. Blow your Matches This is done as in Explanation 14. 3. Fire and Deliver your Granades This is done as in Explanation 15. Take heed to make ready to use your Bayonets 1. Make Ready This is shewn as from Explanation 16. to 22. Inclusive 2. Charge your Bayonets This is done in Explanation 23. Take heed to make ready your Fire-locks again Make ready your Fire-locks This is done at large in this Exercise from Explanation 24. to Explanation 27. Inclusive FINIS

Enemy though they should come to be lodged upon the Counterscarps themselves I. Is the Paropet of the blind Cazemate 2 or 3 fathom thick K. Is its Magazine made like the Magazine belonging to the former L. Is the third Cazemate not seen and raised even with the Platform of the Bastion Upon this may all sorts of Artillery be planted to shoot as well above the Paropets as through the Holes that are cut through the thickness of the Paropet which is from 2 to 3 fathoms M. The Draught of a Platform for the planting of Cannon called a Cavalier with its peculiar Magazine The Structure or Manner of making the Cazemates according to M. Mallet I shall not here go about to entangle my self in a vain Dispute with those that would have the word Cazemate to be derived from the Spanish words Caze and Mata as if we should say A House of Murder And therefore without more ado I come to shew you how my own are made Suppose the Bastions to be drawn out in white lines that the Scale be made full the length of one of the sides of the Polygon and that it be divided into as many equal Parts as it contains fathoms as has been explained Then extend the Defence of the Bastion AB from 6 or 7 fathoms at most from B to C from the Point C draw CD parallel to the flank BE then divide the flank BE into two equal parts at the Point F to draw from the Point G which is the middle of the opposite Front AH the Line GF to the inside of the Bastion observing where it cuts CD as in I purposely to carry on one fathom from I to L afterwards draw the Line MLN parallel to FI the length of which from M to N must be 11 fathom That done make NO parallel to the flank BF the length of which from N to O must be 4 fathom Lastly make OP parallel to FI and then all the void space BMNOPC shall be the extent of the Cazemates as well of the large Cazemates as those which are more private To make the Shoulder or Ear of the Bastion draw upon the Line of Defence PS 6 fathom from E to I and upon FG 6 fathom also from F to V and then joining V and T together you have the whole Shoulder or Ear FVTE which must be all one solid piece For the Paropet of the first Cazemate you must allow within side one Toise of heighth from 3 to 4 in thickness with 8 firing Places for the planting of so many great Guns observing that the Paropets of the Cazemates more especially all that which is next to the Gorge and lies always hid from the Besiegers do not require a length and thickness so precise A Ravelin is a Bulk of Earth almost like a Bulwark cut off lying beyond the Ditch for the covering of the Courtain Bridge or Gate and is surrounded with Water and separated from the Fortification by the breadth of the whole Ditch it is raised but a little heighth above the level of the Ground towards the Enemy 't is built with a Rampier and Breast-work but lies open towards the Fortification PLATE II. The Raising of Cittadels with five Bastions which are built upon the Walls of Cities WHEN Cities are well peopled and that the nature of the Ground will suffer it 't is usual to lay the Cittadels towards the open Field to prevent the ruining of the Buildings of the place so then after you have agreed upon the number of Bastions as here for Example upon five to make a Pentagon Divide one Courtain of the City AB into 4 equal parts of which AC comprehends three This Overture being designed at the Point of the Bastion D draw the Circumference EFHGF that you may have the five sides of the Polygon EIIHHGGF and FE putting the Point E directly where the Circumference cuts the Center-Line of the place which passes through the Point D. This will produce two Bastions on the City side and three towards the open Field Plate II. OBSERVATION Remember that you are always to throw down the Defences of the City of the City side to the end that if the Inhabitants should happen to revolt or the Enemy to become Masters of it they may not be able to make any advantage of their own Fortifications especially the flanks L and M which must be ruin'd continuing their Faces in a Right Line and sloping down the Ramparts to the Mote of the Cittadel to the end she may be able to command the whole City Observe moreover That there may be a great space between the Mote of the Cittadel and the Houses of the City for this space is of great importance to prevent any designs which the Citizens may have upon the Citadel as not able to approach undiscovered or without entrenching themselves PLATE III. Of Irregular Fortification SINCE most Cities are of an irregular Figure 't is evident what great use or rather necessity there is of this part I shall comprehend all the matter briefly but plainly in the following Heads First Such Figures as have not their Sides and Angles equal to one another are called Irregular Now forasmuch as the Forms of Towns are so various and subject to so many Cases their Fortification cannot be comprehended under certain Rules neither can the Principles of Regular Fortification be exactly observed here It is therefore requisite that the Engineer make a Map or Draught of the whole with all the Ways Passages Rivers Pools Enclosures and all other matters fit to be known and then consider what Designs and Works he shall think most fit and proper for the place To this end let him know 1. That the same Laws and Maxims for Regular Fortifications stand and be in force as for the Irregular and that the nearer an Irregular Figure comes to a Regular the stronger and better it is 2. That none of the inward Angles of his Figure be less than 90 degrees if less then they must be changed by making the Point the outward Point of a Bastion 3. That the Angles of the Bastion be not less than 60 degrees 4. That the Line of Defence or side of an Irregular Figure must not be more than Musquet-shot 5. The Sides of an Irregular Figure which is too long for two Bastions and too short for three may be fortified with two great Bulwarks 6. When the side is above 70 Rod there may be a Ravelin erected between the two Bulwarks or a flat Bulwark built between 7. When an Angle of the Figure is between 80 or 90 degrees it ought to be fortified with a Horn-work 8. All the differences between Regular and Irregular Fortifications consists in the rectifying the Sides that are too short or too long and altering the Angles that are too little by cutting off from the length what is too much or adding to it what is necessary to make them in their just and true proportions as in the Regular

How to Tertiate Quadrate and to Dispart a Piece of Ordnance 1. To Tertiate a Piece is to find whether it hath its due thickness at the Trunnions Touch hole and Neck and if the Trunnions Touch-hole and Neck are in its due order and the Chase streight 2. To Quadrate a Piece mounted is to see whether it be directly placed and equally poized in the Carriage which is known by finding in the Convex Superficies of the Base and Muzzel-Ring the Point which is Perpendicular over the Soul of the Piece which may be found by the Gunners Instrument called a Level an Instrument whose use is so vulgarly known that it needeth not my Explanation 3. To Dispart a Piece is to fix or elevate on the Convex-point of the Muzzel-Ring a Mark as far distant from the Cylinder or Soul of the Piece as is the Point of the Base-Ring to the end that the Visail-ray which passeth by these Marks may be parallel to the Chase Soul or Cylinder of the Piece Now the Dispart i. e. the difference of the Semidiameters of the Cornishes may be by a pair of Calliper Compasses attained which found place on the top of the Cornish Ring near the Muzzel over the middle of the Inferior Cylinder To know how far any Piece of Ordnance will shoot c. As to the several shootings in Artillery Authors differ much in their Judgments and Opinions but they all unanimously agree that the Ball being shot forth flies through the Air with a Violent Mixt and Natural Motion describing a Parabolical line in whose beginning and ending are lines sensibly streight and in the middle curved In the beginuing the imprest force driving forward by the Fire the natural gravity of the Ball doth describe a Right Line called the Direct Line or Ranges of the Balls Circuit In the middle that force diminisheth and the Natural Gravity prevaileth so that it describeth a curved line called the Balls middle Helical or Conical Arch In the end the Natural Gravity overcoming the imprest violence which becomes altogether weak and faint describes a new right line called the Balls declining line in which the Ball tends towards the Center of the Earth as towards a Place natural unto all heavy bodies See Figure 92. These motions are somewhat longer according as the Piece is mounted from the Level unto the Angle of 45 deg which is called the Vtmost Random The Elevation of which is regulated by the Gunner's Quadrant the use of which Instrument is so generally known and by so many Authors fully explained that I here crave leave to omit it But take these for general Rules 1. That a Shot at Right Angle strikes more violent and furiously than at Oblique Angles therefore Gunners use when they are to batter down a Tower Wall or Earth-work to shoot point blank at the object Tire by Tire by discharging all the Pieces in Battery against the self same object in the same instant holding it for a Maxim that ten Cannons discharged together do far more Execution than discharged one after another Now at Oblique Angles they shoot either Cross-ways or by rebounding 2. That the speediest way to make a Breach in a Wall c. Is by shooting at the Object from two Batteries which ruins far more speedily than by striking the Object with one Battery at Right Angles although that one Battery hath as many Cannon as the other two hath 3. That if you were to Batter a flank covered with an Orillion which because you cannot possibly Batter it right forward you must therefore of necessity batter it obliquely by way of Rebounding thus Chuse a fit place in the Courtain to be your object on which you may play with your Battery obliquely so that by a rebound the shot may leap into the flanks holding for a Maxim in this operation That the Angles of Incidence and Reflection are equal Of shooting in Mortar-Pieces A Mortar-Piece is a short Piece with which they shoot Bombs Granado-shells Stone-Balls c. not by a Right Line but from a Curved from on high so that it may fall where it should be desired Now this Mortar is placed in the Carriage 〈…〉 Bombs are great hollow Balls of Iron or Brass in which are put fine sifted Gunpowder which by a Fuse they proportion to them a due Fire that so they may break assoon as they fall amongst the Enemies These Fusees are small Trunks of Wood Tin or Iron filled with a prepared Composition for that purpose Granadoes are of the same form with Bombs only smaller and are many times cast by hand and are made of Iron Brass Glass or Earth Now in order to the well shooting in those kind of Machines called Mortars 't is requisite to observe these following Rules as 1. That before you make a Shot at any place you find the distance thereof from your Mortar 2. That the Bombs or other Bodies that are to be shot be of equal weight otherwise the Shots will fail 3. That the Carriage in breadth be always on a Level and without any descent that so it may not leap in discharging fail 4. That the Powder with which the Mortar is loaded be always of the same force and weight 5. That the charge of the Mortar as well in Powder as in Wadding be always rammed in with blows equally heavy and of equal number 6. That the Wadds be always either of Wood or Tompeons or else of Oakam for the strongest drives it farthest 7. That the Fusees be newly made in those days that they are to be used and that they be made of a Composition proportionable to the Range that the Shot shall make in the Air so that the Bomb may break in the very moment it falls which Composition must be such that though it fall in the Water yet not to extinguish but the Bomb there to break Now before we proceed any farther I think it necessary to shew how to compose your Ingredients for your Fusee To make Fuses for Bombs c. The Composition for Bombs must be of a slow motion that so time enough may be given to throw either Bombs Granadoes Fire-Balls Thundring Barrels c. They are compounded of these Ingredients thus Take a pound of Gunpowder 416 of Sulphur 416 of Saltpeter well beaten dry and sifted separately then mix it and make up your Fuse hereof Or Take Powder of Benjamin and small-Coles all well beaten and mixed together with some Oil of Piter and so fill the Fusee therewith Now the use of Mortar-Pieces being for the most part to shoot up at Random therefore the Randoms of these Pieces is very necessary to be known Therefore I have hereunto annexed a Table of Randoms for the twelve Points of the Quadrant calculated by Diego Vffano Zutphen and to be found in his Works printed 1621. A Table of Randoms for Mortar-Pieces to the twelve Points of the Gunners Quadrant calculated by Diego Uffano Zutphen 583 570 534 468 377 248 100 6 5 4