of your right foot with the Stocke towards you your right hand holding it somewhat more than halfe way towards the mouth you stand with a full body boult upright with the Musquet in the same manner by your right side 53 Lay down your Musquet Rest. Match This Posture is performed by stepping forwards with your right foot your selfe and Peece standing as in the precedent Posture then declining with your body you lay it downe gently with the mouth in a right line from you and and the locke upwards after the same manner also your Rest and Match is to be disposed of 54 Take off 55 Lay down your Bandeliers After your hands are free from your Musquet Match and Rest you may with your left hand take off your Hat which may hinder you and with your right hand neatly convey them over your head and so as before lay them downe along by the side of your Musquet but so as the Match may not fire them 56 March from your Armes This is principally used to make the Souldiers apt and ready to finde their owne places againe and to be quicke in re-arming themselves upon a suddaine Allarme The Sentinell Posture is no otherwise then having your Musquet rested primed and charged with powder and Bullet for your better ease and readinesse to give fire upon the Enemy to make an Allarme you stand at that Posture with the But end of your Musquet at your right huckle bone with a light match cockt the mouth of the Peece somewhat mounting and your hand grasping the Stocke with your finger upon the Seare And this shall suffice for the Postures of the Musquet onely you are to draw your Files into an even body againe fit to joyne with the Body of Pikes CHAP. LXXVII How aâ— Officer is to 〈◊〉 himselfe in the 〈◊〉 of the Pikes and 〈…〉 Souldier â—s to imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his Piâ—â—emen as before is shewed and standing in the midst of the Ring with a Pike in his hand after he hath â—â—â—â—â—â—ded silence and being presupposed that the Souldiers stand with their Pikes advanc'd The Officer commands them to Order your Pikes This Posture is performed the Pike being advanc'd by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot and at the same instant raising your left hand as farre as you can indifferently stretch it you graspe the Pike in it towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end of the Pike and withall sinking your left hand with the Pike in it as low as your skirts you againe raise up your right hand and guiding the Pike with your left you place the But end of it by the out-side of your right foot your right hand holding it even with your eye and your thumbe right up then removing your legge to his former station your left arme being set a kimbo by your side you shall stand with a full body in a comely Posture Advance your Pikes The Pike being ordered as in the former Posture is shewed without changing of your hold you must with your right hand lift the Pike a little from the ground and taking it suddainly againe with the left hand towards the 〈◊〉 end leaving so much length below as you can afterwards reach well with the right hand where it is stayed in the fist at the full length of the arme hanging right downewards your fore-finger and thumbe close at the But end resting it close to your thigh and bearing against the shoulder close to your breast causeth it to stand firme and upright without wavering Shoulder your Pike This Posture may be performed eyther when the Pike is advanc'd or ordered If advanc'd then your left hand is to be brought about to your right side and being stretcht upwards you are to take hold of the Pike towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end the left hand sinkes the Pike downewards sloping in a right line forwarns so that the right hand receiving the second hold as high as it can conveniently reach and graspes the Pike with the thumbe long-wayes upon the Pike and underneath it Then your left hand leaving its former hold immediately graspes the Pike just below your right hand and so both hands being joyned together they gently conveyes it unto the right shoulder leaving the right fist close prest to the Plate bone thereof with your right elbow close downe by your side and your left elbow set a kimbo you stand with an upright full body Note that in acting this Posture your feet are not to bee removed eyther backwards or forwards but occasionally side-wayes as the hands are imployed in the executing this Posture some never stirre any foot at all I leave it as a thing indifferent Levell your Pikes This is performed the Pike being shouldered by bringing your left hand to the Pike and grasping it close under your right hand and withall at the same instant drawing in your left heele towards the 〈◊〉 of your right foot then with an even motion of both your hands you are to raise the butte end of your Pike untill it lyes levell upon your shoulder then returning your hand and foot to their due places you shall stand in a faiâ—â— Posture This may bee performed without moving the foot but then it hath not the like grace with it Slope your Pikes This Posture is performed in the same kind the former was only the hands presseth downe the butte end of the Pike within halfe a foote of the ground which causeth it to lye right sloping Charge your Pikes to the Front This Posture may be performed either when the Pike is advanced or shouldered wherealso you must further observe whether it be to be acted standing or Marching If so be your Pike bee advanced and you are to act this Posture standing Then you must only slip backe your right hand and your right foote a good stride placing your foote side-wayes from your body Then with your left hand you are to receive the Pike about a yard from the butte end holding your elbow in an even distance from your body with your hand close to your breast so that the Pike may have the more freedome to play forwards and backwards just breast-high of a man your left knee being bent for wards and your body yeelding towards the point of the Speare so as you may not easily be thrust back by the Enemy If your Pike be shouldered then you must receive the Pike in your left hand a pretty reach downewards tâ—wards the butte end of the same at the same instant you are to raise the Pike with your right hand from your shoulder and with your left hand draw in the butt end of the same towards the outside of your right thigh then slipping backe your right foote and hand you receive the butt-butt-end of it you charge it as before
is shewed If this Posture be to be performed Marching your Pike being shouldred then first steppe forwards with your right foote and let your left hand receive the Pike and equall distance from your right hand towards the butt-butt-end of the same raising your Pike forwards with your right hand from your shoulder then at the same instant step forwards with your left foot and receive the butt-butt-end of the Pike with your right hand just behind the side of your right thigh But to performe this Posture â—rooping and your Pike advanced then you are only to step forwards with your left foot and with a little shogge of the shoulder and drawing backe the butt-butt-end of your Pike in your right hand will cause the Pike to fall forwards where your left hand is at the instant to be ready to receive it betweene the Thumbe and the forefingers at a convenient distance Charge to the Horse Note in charging to the Horse it hath beene in former ages used to place the butt-but-end of your Pike in the ground by the inside of your right foot and so to draw your Sword over your left arme and divers Rankes of Musquetiers plac'd to shoot over their heads behind them No question it is a very good way for your Bow-pikes but the former charging is most in use Charge to the Reare You may by the precedent Posture conceive how to charge your Pike either to the right or left hand But for the charging to the Reare the Pikes being either shouldered or advanced is somewhat difficult Therefore you may please to observe that if the Pike bee advanced you must with your left hand take it in his proper place up towards your head then suddenly turning your body about towards your left hand and being faced about you are to thrust backe your right hand with the butt-butt-end of the Pike in it and withall your right leg is to be set out with it this will bring you into the right Posture But if your Pike be shouldered and you are to charge to the Reare then you must take the Pike in your left hand a good distance from your right hand towards the butt-butt-end and at the same instant with your right hand raise the Pike from your shoulder as high above your head towards your left side as possibly you may then standing firme with your left legge you are to bring about your right side and legge towards the left hand about and being halfe turned you are to let loose your right hand and with your left hand you are somewhat to advance the point of the Pike forwards so that the butt-butt-end may bee drawne backe by your right side for your right hand to receive it your right foot also at the very instant being stept backe makes you stand fully charged Port your Pikes This Posture is performed by holding the Pike a halfe distance betweene advancing and charging and was only invented to case the hind most Rankes from the intollerable labour of continuall charging and to secure the Pikes from the Bullets which would have more power to breake them if they hold them advanc'd Besides it is the most aptest and comliest Posture for a Company to use in marching thorow a Port or Gate and most readiest for to charge upon a sudden Checke your Pike This Posture is to be performed at three Motions First if your Pike be shouldered you are to raise it with your right hand from your shoulder and with a ticke of your left hand you are to convey the butt-butt-end of it by your right side then thrusting backe your right with the Pike in it so farre as conveniently may be you are to take a fathom with your left hand as farre towards the Speare end of the Pike as possibly you may then conveying the Pike in your left hand baackward as before you are againe with your right hand to take another fathome within a foot of your Pikes end Lastly stepping forwards with your left foote you bring your left hand withall which receives the Pike within a quarter of a foot of the Speares end Provided alwayes that in all the motions of the hands you suffer not the butt-butt-end to touch the ground untill you have checkt it with your left hand Pikes as you were Trayle your Pikes This Posture is performed after you have used the Circumstances in checking as in the precedent Posture is shewed by bringing up your Right foot even with your left and by removing your right hand just before your left close to the end of the Pike then you are to withdraw your left hand and place it a-kimbo by your side and your right hand will hold the end of the Speare just above your right huckle-bone with your body standing full forwards Pikes as you were Lay downe your Pikes This Posture is to bee performed your Pike being advanced by stepping forwards with your right foot then your right shoulder with a small bearing forwards and with it a little jogge causeth the Pike to meet the left hand which gently conveyes the Speares end to the ground then turning about your right arme in a kind of Circle will cause the backe of your hand to bee next the outside of your right Thigh then leaning your body forwards you convey the butt-butt-end to the ground close at the side of your right foot so as the Pike will lye in an even line from your foot forwards Recover your Pikes and charge This Posture is performed your feet standing even together only owing your body forwards you cause the backe of your right hand to bee put downe close by the out-side of your right foot then in the raising of the butt-butt-end of your Pike you turne your hand with the Pike in it so that the inside of your hand will bee towards your right side Then your left hand in the raising taketh the Pike at a convenient place or distance and elevates it either to the Posture of charging or ordering as the Officer shall please to command The word of Command which the Officer is to use for the reducing of these Postures to their first station is Pikes as you were There are divers other Postures which I doe here omit referring you to the booke of Militarie discipline Composed by that worthy Gentleman Master William Barrife Lieutenant to the Artillery Garden who hath merited much honour in performing so Noble a worke in a most concise and exquisite way for the which our Kingdome is much bound to him CHAP. LXXVIII How the Commanders shall draw their Files both of Musquetiers and Pikes and joyne them in one body fit to be exercised in grosse YOu have seene every Souldier performe his Postures well then you must draw out the File-leader of the Right-hand-file with his whole File Commanding every File-leader successively to draw up his File either of other And being drawne into a body command them to advance their Pikes In the meane time the Lieutenant or some other Officer
used upon all occasions 8 Vnshoulder your Musquet This Pcture is performed by turning the point of your Rest outwards towards your left knee and withall letting the Musquet slip a little downe your breast the Breech of the Peece will lye faire for the right hand to take it with a graspe just under the pan with the middle joynt of the fore-finger the uppermost joynt next the hand against the Breech-pin and the thumbe upon the Stocke on the inner side and with a small jutte the left hand with the Rest being taken off from the Stocke the right hand will poize it up standing with a full body the mouth of the Peece right up and armes out-strecht as more plainly in the first Posture is discourc'd of not forgetting to let the foot act with the hand 9 Joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Musquet being poised you are to step forward with your left leg and withall bringing your left hand with your thumbe prest against the inner side of the Forke of your Rest then drawing in your right elbow you gently let the Musquet and the Rest meet the upper side of the Forke plac'd against the out-side of the Stocke the thumbe pressing the lower and the end of the Rest lockt in the inâ—ide of the But end of the Peece it rests in an equall ballance in the left hand 10. Open. 11. Cleere 12. Prime 13. Shut your Pan. The Musquet and Rest being joyned together with your two fore-fingers thrust betweene the Barrell and the tippe of the Pan thrusting them side-wayes makes it open with ease then with the boale of your thumbe prest downe into the Pan and wrung about cleeres it then take your Primer in your right hand and knocking it gently against the side of the Pan untill the concavity of it bee filled then with your fingers shut ti and a little turning the butte end of your Musquet from you give te a jogge or two 14. Cast off your loose cornes The Musquet being primed and the Pan shut you are to turne the butte end from your right side a little distance as the Peece rests upon the Rest then with a shogge or two shake off the superfluous cornes of Powder to prevent taking of fire when you try your Match 15. Blow off your loose cornes 16. And cast about your Musquet to your left side This posture of blowing off the loose cornes is to be performed either the Musquet being rested as I have said before or when the Musquet and the Rest are joyned together for the first you are onely to stoope with your head and with a puffe or two blow them off otherwise you are to bring the Musquet towards your head tilluing the pan somewhat from you and with a sudden strong blast beate them off so that when the Match is tryed it may not indanger the firing Now for the casting about your Musquet after the loose cornes be blowne off it is but slipping backe your left legge and you holding your Musquet and Rest together in your left hand with your right hand you convey the butt end of the Peece on to the left side and in the motion turne the stocke upwards and letting your Rest slip you may easily charge 17. Trayle your Rest. 18. Ballance your Musquet in your left hand This posture is performed after the Musquet is brought about to the left side stepping forward with your right foot and at the same instant you bring about your Musquet and withall your right hand graspes the barrell of the Peece some foote from the mouth untill the Rest bee slipt and trayled and the Peece ballanc'd in the left hand fit for to charge 19. Charge 20. with Powder Bullet This Posture is performed after the Musquet is ballanc'd in your left hand by taking one of the Charges of your Bandelieres in your right hand and pulling the lidde of it off with your teeth then thrusting the mouth of the charge into the bore of the Peece giving it a shogge or two that the Powder may empty into it then giving the Peece another jogge with the butt end of it against the ground to make the Powder sinke to the bottome of the barrell then having your bullet ready in your mouth and taking it in your right hand betweene your forefinger and thumbe setting your right legge forwards towards the mouth of the Peece as you bring your hand to the same letting the bullet drop in with a jogge to sinke it to the Powder or by ramming it downe with the Gunne-sticke 21. Draw forth 22. Shorten your scowring-stick This Posture is performed by drawing forth the Scowring-sticke with the right hand at three even pulls the lower side of your hand towards the upper end of the Musquet the Scowring-sticke being thus produc'd you are to shorten it against your breast your hand slipping downe almost to the lower end of it so that with ease it may bee put into the mouth then thrusting it downe part of the way at the second motion and ramming downe the Powder at the third 23. Put your Scowring-stick into your Musquet This Posture is performed as before is said after the Scowring-sticke is produc'd and shortned the right hand holding it close by the lower end the right foote being set out a pretty step towards the mouth of the Peece is with ease put in and rammed downe 24. Ramme home your charge This is performed after the Scowring-sticke is entred the Bore of the barrell about a handfull then at two motions more you thrust it downe to the Powder or Bullet giving a good jobbe or two downe that the Bullet may bee home to the Powder 25. Withdraw 26. Shorten 27. Returne your scowring sticke This Posture is performed by taking the Scowring-stick in your right hand the upper-side of your hand towards the mouth of the Peece so that all your fingers takes the stick flat about the middle the joynts upon the outside of it and the thumbe upon the inside then making three even distinct pulls in withdrawing it turning your hand so as the small end of the sticke is towards your breast then shortening it against the same you have it fit to returne into the stocke which is to bee done likewise at three even portions 28. Bring forward your Musquet and Rest. This Posture is performed after the Scowring-stick is returned by drawing backe your right foote and bringing your Musquet with your left hand before you so as the barrell of the Peece may be towards your breast the Rest is to trayle after by the string that hangs upon your wrist 29. Poyze your Musquet and recover your Rest. This Posture is performed your right heele being drawne in towards the small of your left foot at the same instant your right hand is to take the Peece below under at the great screw then poyze it upwards setting your Right foot out againe then bringing your Rest forwards with your left hand so farre
possesse a perpetuall peace It is good therefore in time of Peace to provide for Warre THe Hieroglyphicke of happie Peace in this transitory World may very well be exprest by the splendent progresse of the Sunne which hath both his Summer and his Winter Solstice The one ushering in the most pleasant Spring The other pushing forwards the Crest falne Autumne The one of them spreads the fayre greene Carpet on the Table of the Earth the other as if the Banquet were ended with-draws and takes away again Thus fareth it betweene these two opposites Peace and Warre Peace like the Summer Solstice where shee goes makes all things looke bucksome for shee her selfe if you please to have her described is a pure and unspotted Virgin in whose forehead never appeared any one frowning wrinckle shee is the Mother of learning and the Nurse of Arts A Daughter of as royall a discent as any for she hath God for her Father and she hath a Royall Mother also even true and unfeigned Love a vertue beyond comparison Alacke that this Royall Virgin whose presence makes all things prosper is of no longer durance amongst men but it is decreed all things below are subject to mutability The Winter Solstice must succeed the Summer and Warre must follow Peace the Table must not alwaies bee covered a time of with-drawing will come at last For proofe of which le ts take a survey of some of those Kingdomes which in former ages have most flourished in this World and by their mutability judge whether it bee possible for any Kingdome how strong and setled so ever to perpetuate Peace unto it selfe And it will not bee amisse to begin at the golden head of that Image which Nebuchadnezzar saw in his dreame Dan. 2. Prefiguring himselfe and the Kingdome hee ruled over even the Kingdome of Assyria CHAP. II. Of the Monarchie of the Assyrians and the Warres thereof THis Kingdome of the Ayssrians was without question the strongest and best setled Kingdome that ever was before or ever followed after it in succeeding Ages And therefore prefigured by a head of Gold It is marvellous what Historians reporte of this Kingdome but because some in these times doe doubt of the truth of their reports I will point you onely to that which the sacred Oracles of God avouch which no man can doubt of For the King himselfe he was every way renowned Rex Regum a King of Kings and that of the Lords owne establishing For God had given him a Kingdome power strength and glory Dan. 2. 37. For the amplitude of the Kingdome it was not bounded within lesser limits then the Confines of the then inhabited World Dan. 2. 38. and wheresoever the Children of men dwell the Beasts of the Field and the Foules of the Heaven hath hee given into thy hands If you please to compare it with that famous Monarchie of the Medes and Persians which succeeded it You shall finde that as the Persians were after it in time so also in Power and Noblenesse Dan. 2. 39. And after you shall arise another Kingdome inferiour to you Here now is a Monarchie one would thinke so strongly seated as that a face of Warre should not dare to looke upon it yet did it runne many hazzards and endure many changes by dint of the sword and that at severall times also And first in the dayes of that lusty Virago Semiramis She not content to defend the limits of her Kingdome left her by the conquest of her deceased Husband was the first that ever with sword in hand ventured into the Indies quo praeter illam Alexandrum magnum nemo itravit And this happened in the dayes of Staurobates who met her in the confines of his Kingdome and though hee suffered losse in the first shocke yet renuing his Forces renewed also the Battell fought with her hand to hand wounded her sore and at last forced her over the River Indus where multitude of her Souldiers the Bridge being broken came to their ends But this wound was afterwards well healed up and the Kingdome well setled again in a long lasting Peace which endured the Reignes of above Thirty Kings untill at last came Sardanapalus who was Vir muliere corruptior Into whose presence when as Arbactus his Lieutenant in Media with much adoe was admitted he found him spinning more like a good houswife then a Royall King amongst a company of tender Ladies himselfe in softnesse excelling them all At which sight the great Captaine disdaining and stomacking that so many valiant men should bee subject to such an estiminate King and that those who were used to handle swords and speares should obey him whose hands were inured to nothing but a distaffe hee comes away with shame and makes report to his fellowes of that ignominious sight Negans se ei parere posse qui sic faeminam malit esse quam virum Forthwith a conspiracy is made and Warre denounced against Sardanapalus which when hee had notice of hee does not like a man prepare to defend himselfe but as Women which are afraid of death Primo latebras 〈◊〉 first lookes about where hee may hide himselfe but finding no remedy there at last with a few and those disordered Troopes and untrayned hee comes to battell and being with much ease overthrowne hee withdrawes himselfe into his Pallace and there â—ires himselfe and all his Riches Hoc solo imitatus virum as some Historians sayes of him And so the Kingdome was translated to Arbactus or rather divided betweene him and the Lieutenant of Babylon Belochus who is as some thinke called Pull King of Assyria in the sacred Scriptures 2. Kings 15. 19. In whose Posteritie the Scepter continued for some few generations following untill Senacherib his great Grand-child who was betrayed and slaine by two of his owne Sonnes to wit by Adramalech and Sharezer But Esarhaddon his Sonne who governed the Kingdome in his Fathers absence stept into the Chayre of Estate yet could hee not possesse it without much trouble For first these two Brethren that had slaine their Father put themselves also in Armes against their Brother hoping by this meanes to share equally with him This trouble amongst the brethren occasioned Merodath which the Scripture calls Merodach Baladan Isa. 39. 1. Liuetenant of Babylon to rebell against Esarhaddon and first drawing partly by fayre means partly by threats the people about Babylon to side with him forthwith hee defieth his Master and finally in the Twelfe yeare of his Reigne utterly overthrew him and so joyned the Empire of the Assirians unto the City of Babylon In the Posteritie of this Merodach did the Monarchie continue for three descents To wit Nebuchadnezzar Evill-merodach and Belshazzar in whose daies Darius the Mede called by Historians Chaxares sonne of Astyages and Cyrus the Persian Grandchilde to the aforesayd Astyages subdued the Assirians and translated the Monarchie to the Medes and Persians CHAP. III. Of the Monarchie of the Medes and
Captaine of the Watch or to bee commanded our with some Troopes for the guarding of some passage to prevent the Enemies approches Hee is to exercise his Company in all their postures he ought to bee gallantly apparelled with a faire Sword and Brigandine if hee be commanded to passe upon any Service with part of the Company he is not to carry his Colours also if the 〈◊〉 Company are to guard some dangerous Out-workes as a halfe Moone or a Redouâ— the Company is to troope thither and he is to leave his Colours in the quarters with a sufficient guard over them and hee is to take for his weapon a good Pike Also every Souldiers honour is highly ingaged to defend and preserve their Ensigne and if occasion of necessity should happen they must not spare to runne upon the Pikes to releeve him as divers valiant Souldiers formerly have done Histories have eternized to their immortall fame the honourable exploits of Captaine Morerula and his two Brothers one of them being his Ensigne at the siege of the Citie of Africa in Barbary in Charles the fifts time when Iohn de Vega Vice-Roy of Sicilia scaled the Walls of it this Ensigne being sore wounded and overthrowne his Brother being Serjeant seconded him and recovered the Colours who advancing forwards like a valiant Souldier was slaine the Captaine Brother to them both tooke up the Colours and performed the Ensignes office who in the scaling of the Wall was sore hurt and died thereof thus three valiant brethren died honourably in defending their Colours if an Ensigne should lose all his Colours from the staffe and hose it is no dishonour When an Army is drawne into Batalia the Ensigne ought to stand out before the front of it some five paces and if the Generall or some other chiefe Officer of the Field passe by he is gently to vaile his Colours holding the butte end of his staffe at his girdlested Also a maxime that no Souldier moves Hat or Helmet to the greatest Commander that is but only to bow his body to him Likewise in time of Battell the Ensigne is to withdraw himselfe for his safety into the middle-most Ranke of the Pikes Likewise in a March the Ensigne is to march before the first division of Pikes with his flying Colours If a King or great Prince passeth by the Ensigne is to vaile his Colours close to the ground with his knee bending in token of Alegiance and submission every Ensigne of private Companies ought to observe how the Ensigne of the Right hand of the Battell orders his Colours after the same manner hee is to order his every Souldier upon an Allarme is speedily to repaire to his Colours likewise not to forsake them untill they be lodged when any Company shall march either into Campâ— Guard Fortresse or Castle no Souldier ought to disarme himselfe untill they see first the Colours placed and the Ensigne disarmed Likewise no sooner shall a Souldier see the Ensigne take up his Colours but they should arme and ranke themselves immediately No Ensigne ought to disarme himselfe upon any Guard Campe or Field untill hee sees that with safety hee may doe it Likewise an Ensigne should shew himselfe forwardest with his Colours in assaulting a Fort or entring a Breach to incourage the Souldiers manfully to fall on to defend and make way for them he ought to behave himselfe so that he may gaine the love of all the Souldiers whereby his owne person shall be in the more safetie when he shall attempt any perrillous exploits for love will command a Souldier to fight when all things in the world else 〈…〉 him forwards and let him know that the vertue of the Ensigne 〈…〉 the vertue and valour of the Captaine and his whole band I could wish 〈…〉 Captaines would be pleased to be more circumspect in their election of 〈◊〉 and not to put undeserving fellowes of base birth and qualitie into place of 〈◊〉 which deserves Gentlemen of quality to officiate the Office of 〈…〉 place of repute and honour doth not sâ—te with every Yeoman Taylor or Fidler as I have knowne to one Company in Essex all these oâ— the like Mechanick fellowes have had the honour to beare the Colours before a generous Captaine of Noble birth whose name I forbeare to relate but let it be an 〈◊〉 to all generous Captaines to make choyce of Officers that are well bred and deserving otherwise they doe but disgrace themselves and abuse his Majesties service and the reputation of our Countrey CHAP. LXV The Office of a Lieuâ—tenant to a private Company and his duty both in Garrison and in Field declared A Lieuetenant is an Office of high credit and reputation and he ought in all respects to bee well indoctrinated and qualified in the Arts Millitary and ought not to bee inferiour in knowledge to any Officer of higher authority for an unskilfull Captaine may better demean himselfe with an experienst Lieuetenant then an unskilfull Lieuetenant can â—adge with a skilfull Captain because all businesse belonging to a Company is for the most part ordered by the Lieuetenant the Captaine having other imployments of greate importance hee is to see the company fitted in all respects for service hee is the right hand to his Captaine in ayding and assisting him as well in the brunt of Battell as in Peace hee is to see to the fitting and furnishing of all things necessary belonging to the Company hee is to keepe a perfect roule of all the Souldiers in the Company and to observe that every Squadron bee compleate hee is to view the sufficiency and â—â—â—enesse of the Armes and to give order for the repayring of such as shall bee found defective hee is to order and ranke the Company fit for his Captaine to March with hee is to divide his Company into foure divisions making two divisions of the Pikes and two of the Musquetieres hee is to ranke the first division of Musquets in the Front and the second division of Musquets in the Reare of the Pikes hee is to March in the Reare of the Company into the Field and in Marching out of the Field the Captaine is to March in the Reare and the Lieuetenant in the Front he is carefully to passe upon his duty to see the squadrons drawne to the Guards for to Watch hee is to bee very carefull and diligent in exercising his Company either by squadrons uppon the Guards or the whole Company in the Field assuming fit and convenient times hee is to leade on the left Wing of shot in time of service in time of exercising hee is to helpe order the Company so that his Captaine may have the more ease and freedome hee ought to bee silent and to cause silence in the Company during the time of his Captaines exercise he ought to bee in the Reare of the Company to instruct the Souldiers how to act and observe the Captaines commands he ought to call over the Company and take a particular survey
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s L Reare C S 4. sssss sssss sssss D sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 6 E ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 7 S ppppp ppppp ppppp D 2 ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 8 S 2. sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 9. E C S. 2. sssss D pppppppppp D sssss S. 1.  sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss  S. 3. sssss  pppppppppp  sssss S. 4. In this precedent Figure you see the divisions of the Company drawne up into an even body or Battalia all the Fell-leaders standing even in Front together making one Ranke CHAP. LXXV How the Officers are to draw both Pikes and Musquets one File sequenting another into a Ring for the better and speedier exercising them in their postures THe Company standing in an even body as the former Figure shewes before the Captaine shall exercise them in grosse as they now stand the easiest readiest and most convenient way is to see every man particularly doe his postures both of Pike and Musquet Wherefore first draw out the body of Pikes from the shot then command the right Wing of shot to face to the left hand and the left Wing of shot to face to the right hand then Marching forwards joyn their Files together so facing as they were makes them stand in an even body That Officer which intends to exercise the Pikes is to draw them into one side of the Field and some other Officer is to take the Musquets and draw them another way a convenient distance apart so that one division may not interrupt the other then either Officers drawing out their Files one following another leading them round into a Ring the Officers standing in the middest every Souldier facing towards him so that hee may see all their actions and likewise they may heare his words of command and observe how hee handles his Armes that they may imitate him and where he sees any one aukeward and ignorant hee is speedily to step to him and to shew him how to demeane himselfe the words of Command and the postures followe in the next Chapter CHAP. LXXVI How an Officer is to demeane himselfe in the Exercising of the Musquetieres and how every Souldier is to observe and imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his men as before is shewed himselfe standing in the middest of them taking a Musquet in his hand and Bandelieres about him he shall command silence and being presupposed they stand with their Bandiliers on their match betweene their fingers their Musquets shouldred and their Rests in their hands the Officer commands them to 1 Rest your Musquet This Pocture is performed the Musquet being shouldred First by slipping it then bringing about the right hand and grasping the Musquet at the breech and at the same instant drawing in your right heele to your left ankle with a small jutte of the shoulder you raise the Peece and poise it in the right hand being stretcht out with the Musquet-rest in the left hand likewise stretch'd out then bringing about your left hand and foot you meet the Musquet with your Rest placing it upon the ground aslant from you your Thumbe pressing the side of the Barrell and the Forke of the Rest together your right legge being brought a little forwards standing with a full body towards the mouth of the Peece the But end close to your side above your huckle bone 2 Poise your Musquets This Posture is performed by bringing up the right leg to the ankle of the left the Peece being stayed upon the Rest by the pinching of the Thumbe the right hand at the same motion graspes the Peece at the Breech the middle joynt of the fore-finger plac'd under the Pan the upper joynt next the hand just with the breech-pin the Thumbe upon the inside of the Stocke a little pressing downe the right hand and raising the left with the Rest you receive it and hold it at armes end with the mouth plum upwards the Rest in the left hand with the Arme out-stretch'd the right foot being removed side-wayes at the same instant with the right hand the body will stand full and comely 3 Shoulder your Musquet The Musquet being poised you must bring about your right hand drawing up the heele of your right foot to your left ankle and as your Musquet is ready to touch your left shoulder you must at the same instant bring about your left hand over the But end of the Peece with the Rest in it the ground end of your Rest pointing towards your right thigh joyning the Sear◠of the Peece close to your shoulder Note when you intend to poise it as in the former posture you must turne the point of your Rest inwards towarde your left thigh and withall let the Peece slip a little the Breech will lye fit for the right hand to receive it 4 Take your Rest in your right hand fit for march There needs no great commenting upon this Posture onely when the Musquet is shouldred you are take the Rest into your right hand for to be a stay unto you in your march 5 Take your match betweene the fingers of your right hand This Posture is performed by bringing about your right hand and betweene the fore-finger and thumbe thereof take the Match within an inch of the Cole from betweene the little and third finger of the left hand then holding your right hand out from your body 6. Put your Rest string about your left wrist and carry your Rest in your left hand There needs no great circumstance about this Posture onely you having the Rest in your right hand upon a March you now put on the String upon the left hand holding the Rest in it over the But end of the Musquet by which you are in a readinesse to make present use of it 7 Returne your Match betweene the fingers of the Left hand This Posture is performed having the Match betweene the finger and the Thumbe of the right hand you are to bring your Arme about towards the left hand there placing the Cole end of the Match betweene the middle and third finger thereof the light end to the backe of the hand-ward then taking the other end of the Match and place it in like manner betweene the third and little finger by this meanes it is not troublesome but readie to bee
as the string will permit you shall easily receive it and so with a full Body stand poysed 30. Ioyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Posture is performed after the Musquet is poyzed by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot your left hand holding the Rest close by the forke and your thumbe pressing the end of the forke close you bring it to the Musquet then joyning the Rest to the out-side of the Musquet and locking them fixe together by pressing the lower side of the forke with your thumbe the Peece lyes firme in your left hand in one even ballance your right hand being at freedome and your left legge set out againe 31 Draw forth your Match This posture is performed by drawing in the right heele to the small of the left foot at the same instant bringing your right hand with a kinde of circumference towards your left you are to take the Match betwixt the thumbe and second finger then holding it out towards your right side at the same instant you are to set out your right legge againe your Musquet being held in a due height 32 Blow your Cole Having taken the Match from between the little finger and the third finger of the left hand betwixt the thumbe and second finger of the right hand within an inch of the coale of it then bringing it towards your mouth turning your head towards your right side stooping very little you gently blow it your right legge being let out forwards 33 Cock 34 Fit Your Match Having blowne your Match as aforesayd you are to bring it with a little circumference to the Cocke and are to fit it into the same with your thumbe and finger not screwing it in having before directed the widenesse of the Cocke to the thicknesse of the Match your left legge being set forwards with the knee somewhat bending out 35 Guard your Pan. Having tryed and governed the Match with your thumbe and second finger to the end you may set it higher lower shorter or longer and your left heele being drawn towards the small of your right foot you are gently to lay the two fore fingers of the right hand full upon the Pan to defend the Powder from the sparkles of the Match 36 Blow the ashes from your Cole Having guarded your Pan as aforesayd and your left heele being drawne towards the small of your right foote you are gently to raise the Peece up towards your mouth and without stooping blow off the ashes from your Cole 37 Open your Pan. Having blown off the ashes from the Cole standing in the same posture as aforesayd you are at the same instant handsomely with your middle finger to shove aside the Pan lid and removing your left legge forwards with the knee bending out 38 Present upon your Rest. Your left leg being set out as aforesayd and your right hand having graspt the Musquet with your thumbe in the small of the Stocke and your middle finger plac't against the tricker then having plac'd the Musquet in the Rest the mouth of it being kept at a reasonable height and the lower end of your Rest being set forwards the Butt end of your Peece will be plac'd full upon your right breast then setting your right legge somewhat out side-wayes standing with a full body towards the mouth of your Peeece you shall bee ready to give fire 39 Give fire breast high Having as before is shewed presented well viz holding the Musquet and the Rest in the left hand bearing the right Arme or elbowe somewhat up and turning a little the body to the left side the left knee bowed and the right legge straight and not laying your cheeke to the Stocke before you shall set the Musquet to your breast then taking your ayme breast high without starting or winking you are gently to pull downe the tricker and so give fire with a full body upon the Enemy 40 Dismounte your Musquet joyning your Rest to the outside of your Musquet You having discharged must pull in your right legge a little then thrusting your Musquet a little forwards you shall joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet holding it in an even ballance in your left hand not forgetting to hold the mouth up especially if it hath not gone off for feare of hurting any man 41 Vncocke and returne your Match Your right heele being drawne towards the small of your left foote you are to bring about your right hand in a comely manner and with your thumbe and second finger pull the Match out of the Cocke and returne it betweene the two last fingers of the left hand 42 Cleere 43 Shut your Pan. You standing in the same posture as before after you have returned your Match you are with the thumbe of your right hand to run the Pan and cleare it that no sparkles may remaine then with your fore-finger you are to thrust the cover of the Pan close after you have blowne off the sparkles 44 Poize 45 Shoulder your Musquet After you have cleared and shut your Pan you must graspe your Musquet with your right hand close by the britch-pin as in the second Posture is shewed then raising the Musquet with your left hand you poize it up holding the mouth of it right upwards your right arme being stretched out your rest remaining in your left hand likewise extended then drawing your right heele to the small of your left foote at the very instant your right hand brings the Musquet to your left shoulder your left hand with the Rest in it being ready the same moment to embrace it at the butt end the Seare being thrust close to your shoulder then removing your right legge againe to his former station you stand upright with a full body 46 Take the Match betweene the fingers of the right hand To performe this view the posture before described at the figure 5. onely the Match is to bee placed betweene your fingers of your right hand as before it was in the left 47 Take your Rest into your right hand clearing your string from your wrist This is to be performed first by drawing in your right heele to the small of your left foote and withall bringing your right hand to your left you receive the Rest clearing your left wrist from the string 48 Returne your Rest into your left hand the String loose This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 47 in reverse 49 Return your Match into your left hand This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 5. 50 Vnshoulder your Musquet and Poize This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 8. 51 Rest your Musquet This is likewise performed as is shewed in the former Posture at the Figure 1. 52 Set the But end of your Musquet upon the ground You are to dismount your Musquet off the Rest then placing the But end of it upon the ground close by the outside
advantage in managing the service he is imployed about He is to be alwayes armed during the time of his guard and is not onely to place out the Sentinels but also to visit and revisit them if they be quartered in any village in case of an Allarme the Souldiers are to repaire to the Cornets Lodging He is to see every Souldier have his Billet delivered him from the Quartermaster unlesse it be in Garrison then the Major of the Towne performes that office He is to see good orders kept by visiting their Huts and commanding their fires to bee extinguished immediately after the warning peece is discharged He is to be very carefull of his owne demeanurs for example sake He must have some Schollership in him in regard he is to keepe a List of all his Souldiers names and by reason of orders or letters sent to him from his Superiors which he is to keepe secret and not to shew to others The company being drawne to the guard in any place and approaching neere it the Lieftenant is to ride before to take notice of the Corpes duguard and is to conferre with the Company who are then to be releeved what Sentinells are to bee plac't out and what wayes are to be scowred and all other things requisite CHAP. CII Of the Cornet belonging to the Cavalry THe Cornet of Horse ought to be a man of a haughty courage and of a singular behaviour he commandeth the Company in the absence of the Captaine and Livetenant his place of March is in the Front before the first ranke yet behind the Captaine In fight he is not to regard the breaking of his Standard in regard it shall be an honour unto him although the enemie should gaine a peece of it his usuall place in time of Skirmish is to be in the middle of the Troope those before him must be the aprovedst Souldiers and best armed He is to keepe a List of the Company to send so many to the guard as the Captaine or Lievetenant shall appoint Once a day at the Lord Generalls first passing by the Troope he is to doe obeysance by inclining his Cornet towards the ground And because I intend brevity I will onely name the residue of Officers belonging to the Cavalry referring the Reader for his better satisfaction to Markhams Decads and to Captaine Iohn Crusâ—e his Millitary Instructions The Quartermasters of every particular Regiments duty is to assist the Quartermaster generall in making the Quarters they are to distribute the Word and the Billets for the Souldiers lodgings The Corporalls to a Troope are usually three or two at the least they are to assist the Leivetenants in placing the Sentinells and in ordering of the Troope they have the command of a Squadron to guide some passages or to ride out upon discovery he is to keepe a List of his Squadron There ought to be two Trumpers at the least to each Troope of Horse whose duty is besides their knowledge in distinguishing their sounds and points of warre But they must be wise in delivering Embasses and Messages and very observative how the Enemy demeanes his forces and how his guards are kept one Trumpet is to lodge with the Cornet to be in a readinesse for all suddaine Allarmes There is but one Auditor or Fiscall generall allowed to the Army both of Horse and foote The Provost Marshall is an Officer under the high Marshall hee is to keepe in safe custody all delinquents every Regiment hath an inferiour Marshall belonging to it they are to see to the Victuallers Butchers and to the Weights and Measures of Bread Beare and the like they are to informe the Commissary and Auditor what rates the Sutlers Butchers c. may afford their provision for that they may set the Taxe accordingly They are to carry a Trunshon with a Ribbin in it by which they are distinguished They are to attach all straggling souldiers in a March to prevent him from pilliging And to conclude this discourse I would have all Officers of such a true temper of valour and so constant in all their proceedings that honour and prosperity should not make them Imperious nor the worst of fortunes deject them For that man that beares his prosperitie neither with moderation nor prudence but is full blowne like a bladder with the winde of pride hee seldome in adversity shewes either constancie or courage for one pricke of distaster will emptie his swolne heart of all hopes and will make him prove like an unskilfull and dejected Sea man upon every little storme to cut his Cables and Maste and throw all over boorde where as a Noble resolution would finde a remedy by slacking of some few Sayles to indure the storme and save all he hath in charge CHAP. CIII Of the ordering and riding of Horses to make them fit for Service IT is a thing of great consequence for souldiers to understand how to order themselves towards their horses to make them the apter to understand the Riders meaning and to be fitted for exercise for an Officer shall finde it a thing impossible to exercise a troope of horses unlesse they be first prepared for that service Therefore let me request you to apply your indeavours to such documents as the best experienced Riders have observed And first a souldier may fit and helpe his horse sixe manner of wayes viz. with his Voyce with his Tongue with his Rodde with his Bridle with the Caulfes of his Legges with his Sturrop and with his Spurres likewise when your horse hath performed his exercise well you have two wayes to cheerish and coye him which is by your voyce in speaking to him gently or else by scratchiug and coying him with your hand or with the end of your Rodde And although helpes and corrections may seeme one yet there is this difference having a respect to the time for the one goeth before errour and the other commeth after for you helpe your Horse to the intent he should not erre but you correct him because he hath already erred For the first of the seaven helpes before specified which is the Voyce it is used divers wayes as in the way of Correction for his obstinacie or wrestinesse a terrible voyce is used with some opprobrious termes but in the way of helping or cherishing him you must use milde termes with a cheerefull voyce as in running him you must say Hey hey or the like if to retreate you must use a low voyce Backe backe boy backe I say If you would helpe him to advance at the stop you must say cheerefully Hup hup or Hoyse hoyse Likewise to make him lite behinde you must say Derier or such termes as you shall please In cherishing your horse or coying him for doing well your voyce must be most milde of all as saying well boy well The next thing observeable it the tongue which is onely a clocking it to the
goe out of the right ring at the second turne for to enter into the left ring and would follow still the right hand as you must doe then you shall lacke a good deals of closing the second turne as you may perceive by this last figure in the right ring where the place is marked that you should goe out of for to enter into the left wing with the letter A. and the place of closing your turne with the letter B. betwixt which two letters is contained the portion of a Circle which will be wanting wherefore of necessity you must goe thrice about to the intent the second turne may be fully ended as for any overplusse it makes no matter To this last ring is also added a middle furrow with two places of stoppings and turnings meete to mannage a horse trotting him there in the length of a good Cariere and having made him stoppe and advance make much of him and stay a good while and untill he hath mended his fault of not turning which way you would have him you must with your bridle hand shorten one Rayne of that side he desires he should turne upon then having a foote man standing against him with a sticke in his hand and as you move your fist to turne your horse on that side he is unwilling to turne upon at that same instant shall strike him upon the nose not leaving him untill he turnes Likewise making use of his voyce to provoke him then being turned and trotted the uppermost ring round you must returne backe in the same furrow againe even hard to the second little ring and there likewise let a man stand as before is shewed to strike him upon the stop and cause him to turne upon the right hand which hand a horse must alwayes first turne upon but if he be harder to turne on the left hand than on the right then begin in first with the left Ring observing the order and directions before exprest Likewise with a Cord fastned to the middle eye of the bit on the side he will not turne upon and tye the other end unto the Sursingle on the same side strayning it pritty hard to make him bow his necke thus chasing him round in the Circle divers times unloosen the cord and hold it in that hand which is next the side he will not turne upon in stead of a false rayne then trot him forth the length of twenty or thirty paces and there stop where one must stand with a rod threatning him and if neede be beating him upon the contrary side to cause him to turne and the rider strayning the cord a little will make him performe it Then trot him backe and cause him to performe the like using the same meanes a fore prescribed CHAP. CV How to manage a Horse for Service foure kindes of wayes IN this next progresse we are to observe foure kindes of managing a Horse to fit him for service First when you make your Horse double his turnes Secondly when you gallop the field making him wave in and out as is used in single skirmish Thirdly when you make him leape a loft fetching divers saltes or curveates but this is not so proper to teach to a horse for service Fourthly when you pace trot and gallop him too and fro in one path the length of twenty or thirty paces turning him at each end thereof either with single turne whole turne or double turne this is termed manage and in this word there is three things observable as first the manage with halfe rest that is to cause your horse at the end of every managing path to stop and then to advance twise together and at the second bound to turne whereby you rest one bound The manage with the whole râ—st is when you turne him at the third bound and so you rest two bounds the managing without rest is when you turne him immediately upon the stop without any tarriance at all which is most in use with us Note when your Horse turneth upon the right Hand turne you your left shoulder towards his left eare keeping your body upright in the Saddle so that the raynes of your backe may directly answere the ridg-bone of the horses backe never the lesse when you feele him to bend his hinder houghs then leane you somewhat backewards for that will make him close his turne the more roundly and swiftly likewise when he turnes on the left hand accompany him with your right shoulder towards his right eare observing as before Your horse being perfect in all points before mentioned you shall ride him into some plaine sandy way voyde of all occasions of stumbling and to acquaint him with the way pace him faire and softly the length of a good Carriere which must be measured out according to the strength and quality of the horse At the end of the Carriere path let your Horse stop and advance and at the second bound turne him faire and softly upon the right hand and so stay a little while then suddenly with a lively voyce crying hay hay put him forwards with both Spurres at once forcing him to runne all the path as swift as possibly may be just up to the end to the intent he may stop on his buttockes this being performed turne him upon the left hand and pace him forth faire and softly unto the other end of the Carriere path and there stop him and turne him againe upon the right hand as you did before and so leave him Note there is no better way to bring a horse to this than by using him to tread the ring with a very swift trot which will make him nimble of his legges and so swift and stayed of head that comming afterwards to be runne it shall bee easie to him to performe this was observed by that famous Rider Cola Pagano who would never runne his horse untill he saw him wel stayed of head and well broken for although a horse may be halfe a yeare in breaking yet in eight dayes he may be taught to runne and stoppe in a most perfect manner Likewise to teach your horse to goe side wayes it being a thing of much consequence in the wars you must performe it thus as namely you desire to have him goe side longs towards the left hand you must beare your bridle even and steady and clap your right legge close to his belly and hold it there still making him feele the spurre on the right side if he moveth his body that way you desire then suddenly pull away your legge from thence and make much of him that being performed make him doe as much with your left legge and leaving to molest him on either side untill he understands your meaning thus with a little exercise so soone as he shall feele you stay your bridle hand and touch him with your legge or spurres on the contrary side he will goe side wayes so much or
three or foure Pistols to be discharged first a good distance off then neerer hand according as your horse beginneth to abide them during which time forget not to make much of him Likewise every morning before he is drest discharge a Musket or two and sound a Trumpet and beate a charge with your drumme and then when he is patient feede him and cherish him the Groome may sometime dresse him in bright armour hee may be used to eate his Oates from off the Drumme head you may ride him against an armour plac't upon a stake that he may overthrow it and trample it under his feete Every horseman that doth not observe these briefe observations and fit himselfe and his horse in all respects before hee come to be trayned they will prove both unfit for service neither would I wish any Captaine to approve either of man or horse that in some reasonable manner hath not attained to this perfection for an Oxe well Managed may in possibility doe better service than an ill ridden wresty horse neither can any security or reputation bee expected by any service they shall undertake if the Officers be not diligent to see their Troopes well ordered and demeaned Thus premising every Horseman is or will be in this nature qualified wee will proceede to the Exercising of private Troopes and breefely shew all their Postures and how they ought to be imbattelled but first it is necessary to give a touch about the severall kinde of arming both of Curassiers Harquebuzires Carabines and Dragoones as followeth CHAP. CVII How the horse Troopes ought to be devided and distinguished by their severall armes apt and fit for divers services and what proportion of Cavalry ought to be joyned with the Infantry WE are to understand how our Generalls of late ages have divided their horse Troopes into foure severall kindes proper for divers Services and accordingly their armings are sutable to their Offices as The arming of the Câ—irassier Harquebuzier Carbine Dragoone is chiefely Defensive Offensive Offensive and Defensive The light armed which are the Harquebuziers Carabines and Dragoones are imployed to begin a charge against the Infantry upon flanke and reare at once the Front is dangerous if the two armies of foote be ready to joyne then the heavie armed viz. the Cuirassiers shall take the advantage of such disorders as are procured by the light armed for their compleate arming is efficatious to defend their bodies from the push of pikes the better to thrust in amongst them The light armed are also more apt and fit to be sent upon services that require expedition which the heavie armed are unfit to performe for the Cuirassier is to be compleately armed Capapè with a good Buffe coate to preserve his body from the pinching of his pondrous armour his horse is to be fifteene hand high and upwards he is also to have his Bedee Nagge and a Boy to carry his Armes and Snapsacke and to get him forrage for his horses his Saddle and Bitte must be strong and good whereunto must be fixed upon each side of it a case of good Firelocke Pistolles the barrell being full eighteene inches long and the bore of twenty or twenty foure bullets in the pound with his Spanner and flaske boxes a good sword and a scarffe over his armes to distinguish him from the enemie His service in the warres is chiefely defensive As for the proportion which the horse should beare to the foote there are divers of sundry opinions but the Prince of Orange used to allow three to tenne or twelve at most viz. 3000. horse to 1000. or 12000. foote and every troope consisting of five score horse which are ordered twenty in ranke and five deepe in file the which custome they use the rather because of the scarsitie of their horse and againe they are opiniated that in regard each horse man hath two Pistolles they may perfect their fight as well as a Troope of Musquetiers that are tenne deepe in â—yle having but one Musquet apeece but from this hath proceeded many inconveniences as Captaine Beumount hath observed wherefore his advice was to have the horse Troopes consist of sixe score so they may be ranked twenty in breast and sixe deepe in file they being then more apt and proper to double their rankes whereby their front may be extended or if being in skirmish with the enemy any shot should be drawne out to give fire upon them in the reare then the two hindmost rankes of a horse may peckiere about and put them to retreate and the foure foremost rankes in the front may be the better able to prosecute their fight wherefore my discourse shall be to shew you how the Troopes consisting of 120. horse ranked twentie in brest and sixe deepe in file shall be exercised and fitted for the warres and leave it to the judicious Commander to take his choyse CHAP. CVIII How the Harquebuziers and the Carbines ought to demeane themselves THese kinde of horse men are to be armed with an open Caske Gorget backe and brest more than Pistoll proofe with good Buffe coate to preserve their bodies from bruising Their Harquebuzes are to be two foote and a halfe in length their bores of seventeene bullets to the pound about their neckes a strong leather Belt with a Swivell to hang the Ring of their peeces upon a Flaske and Touch boxe and Pistolls like to the Cuirassiers Their horses ought not to be under the size of fifteene hands in height when they passe by the Generall or Troope through the streetes of a towne they place the but end upon their right thigh and their right hand grasping the barrell towards the middest of it the locke towards their bodies otherwise in their march if the enemy be not neere they hang downe by their sides Likewise the Carbine requires a smaller horse a faire Buffe coate his Carabine twentie seven inches long the bore of twentie foure bullets to the pound and he is to demeane himselfe upon all points like the Harquebuze having his sword in a strong belt Flaske and touch boxe CHAP. CIX How the Dragoones ought to arme and demeane themselves THe Dragoones are no lesse than a foote company consisting of Pikes and Muskets only for their quicker expedition they are mounted upon horses they are of great use for the guarding of passages and fordes in regard of their swiftnesse they may prevent the enemies foote and gaine places of advantage to hinder their passage Their Pikes are to have thongs of leather about the middle of them for the easier carriage of them The Muskets are to have a broad strong belt fastened to the stocke of them well neere from one end to the other whereby he hangs it upon his backe when hee rideth holding his match and bridle in his left hand any horse if he be swifâ— will performe this service in regard they alight and doe their service a foote so that when tenne men alight the eleventh holdeth
Captaine to performe it shall prove very convenient to take some extraordinary paines in making every File-Leaders most perfect in their Postures and Motions and then every particular File-Leader shall teach and instruct the residue of his File in the same manner from whence will arise such an emulation betweene each File who shall be most expert and make the best performances that in a short space they will transcend in their Millitary discipline These things being thus performed and the Troope drawne in Battallia as beforâ— is deciphered then the Commander at his ease and pleasure may exercise them in grosse in this Subsequent forme CHAP. CXVI The Description of the Postures for the Cavalry which every Officer is to teach his Souldiers before they can be fit for Service FOrmerly I have shewed you how to backe your Horse to use his Raines to ride him in the best and aprovedst way for Service now it remaines before you exercise them in their Motions to shew them first their postures and premising that a Horseman cannot fit himselfe for exercise or to execute any Service unlesse he be first mounted on horsebacke compleately armed as formerly is taught therefore I will omit those things and begin with the first posture according to the Netherlandish rules the words of command follow viz. 1. Vncap your Pistols This posture is performed by turning downe the Caps of the Pistoll cases with your right hand 2. Draw forth your Pistoll You are to draw your Pistoll out of the case with your right hand the left Pistoll first in regard it is most trouble some for the right hand to draw and at first there is most time to performe it being drawne mount the Muzzell of it 3. Order your Pistoll You are to sinke your Pistoll into your Bridle hand and instantly remove your right hand towards the midst of it and then rest the But end upon the right thigh 4. Span your Pistoll This is performed by sinking the Pistoll into his Bridle hand and taking the Spanner in his right hand to put it upon the Axeltree and winding about the wheele till it sticke and then to returne the Spanner to his place which most usually'st hanges about their neckes in a silken string or plac't in the case 5. Prime your Pan. Your Pistoll being held in your Bridle hand not farre above the locke you are to take your priming boxe in your right hand and pressing the spring with your fore finger to open the boxe to put powder into the Pan. 6 Shut your Pan. You are to presse in your Pan pin with your right thumbe whereby it will easily close 7. Cast about your Pistoll You are to assume the Pistoll in your bridle hand and casting it about against the left side erecting the mouth of it 8. Gage your Flaske You are to take the flaske into your right hand and with your fore finger pull backe the Spring and turning the Mouth of the Flaske downeward you are to let goe the Spring 9. Lade your Pistoll Having gaged your Flaske as in the former posture you are to presse downe the Spring which openeth the Flaske with your fore finger then placing the mouth of it in your Pistoll give it a shogge to cause the powder to proceed 10. Draw out your Rammer You are to draw out your Gunsticke with your right hand turned and to shorten the great end of it against your brest whereby you may the easier put it to the mouth of your peece for to ramme it 11. Lade with Bullet and Ramme home Holding your Rammer head in your right hand as before you are to take the Bullet out of your mouth with your Thumbe and fore finger and so put it into the mouth of the Pistoll and immediately ramme it home 12. Returne your Rammer You are to draw forth your Rammer with your right hand turned and shortning it against your brest as before returne it to it's place 13. Pull downe your Cocke You are to bring backe the Pistoll with your Bridle hand towards your right side and placing the Butt end upon your right thigh you may pull downe the Cocke 14. Recover your Pistoll You are to take your Pistoll in his due place with your right hand bearing up the Muzzell 15. Present and give fire Having your Pistoll in your right hand with your finger upon the tricker you are to incline the Muzzell with a steady eye towards the Marke not suddenly but by degrees according to the distance you ride before a necessity of discharging shall be you are not to give fire directly forwards the horses head but in a diameter line by his right side turning his right hand so as the locke of the Pistoll may bee upward and having a true view of the Marke draw the tricker and let flye 16. Returne your Pistoll You are to returne the Pistoll into the Case and speedily draw out your other Pistoll if occasion commands making the same performances as before 17. Bend your Cocke Now in regard our English Pistolls differ from the firelocke Pistoll I will briefely touch two or three postures that are Heterogenâ—all to the former And as before is taught the holding of your Pistoll in your bridle hand now to performe this posture you are to place your two fore fingers of your right hand upon the vice pin that skâ—ues in the stone and by it to draw up the Cocke 18. Guard your Cocke With your Right hand you are to pull downe the backe locke and then be carefull in securing the Cocke from striking downe 19. Order your Hammer You are gently to draw downe your steâ—ele upon the Pan with your right hand provided alwayes there be a good flint and that it be evenly measured least it under or over reacheth which may hazard the firing 20. Free your Cocke You are to thrust backe your backe locke with your thumbe and fore finger of your right hand so as the Cocke may be let downe without danger of staying it from giving fire CHAP. CXVII Of the exercising of the Harquebuz and Carabine with the Postures to them belonging and diuers breefe rules appertaining to the use of them as also to Cuirassiers HAving discourst of the managing of the Pistoll in his severall postures it will seeme convenient here by the way to observe some briefe notes concerning the use and managing both of Pistols Harquebuzes and Carabines and then onely name the Postures belonging to the Harquebuz and Carabine that goe with Snaphanes The quickest and most compendious way of charging either the Pistols belonging to the Cuirassiers or other Peeces of what kinde soever is by using of Cazrouches which are made of white paper after this manner following First you are to have a former of wood of the just widenesse of your Pistols bore about this you are to winde a Paper which shall containe the true charge of powder and Bullet the ends must be tyed with a thred and in the midst betwixt the
powder and the Bullet when you are to use them you are to bite of the end of the Paper close to the powder and so put it into the Barrell of your Pistoll ramming it downe close so as the powder may take at the Touch-hole by this meanes a Souldier shall be farre readier in his postures you are also to observe that the armes of the Cuirassiers are Pistoll proofe wherefore that Souldier that incounters against them must bee sure not to shot untill he be within three or foure paces the Hollanders use to discharge their Pistols at the enemies eare as a place most certaine to speede them others at the lower part of the Belly or his arme Pits or about the necke or throate a Cuirassiere usually giveth this charge upon the trot and very seldome upon the Gallop if you misse the speeding of the man then you are to direct your next charge against the Horse where you shall be sure to speed him either upon the head or brest the sword is to be managed after you have done your indeavours with the Pistoll and the principall thing required is to disable your adversary by hacking a two the Raynes of his bridle or the Buckles of his Pouldrons whereby he shall be disabled from making any resistance The Cuirassire in fight is to strive to gaine the right side of his Enemie being most proper to discharge his Pistols against him The Harquebuziers and Carabines must contrarily strive to get the left side of of their Enemies because that in presenting hee is to rest his Carabine upon his Bridle hand placing the Butt end upon the right side of his brest neere his shoulder Our Moderne Generalls thinke it best to order the Cuirassiers in grosse Bodies by which meanes they are more powerfull and strong against the shocke of the enemie they are for the most part reserved to second the light armed so that when they are broken they may have shelter and time to reuâ—ite themselves behinde the Cuirassiers Note that in a pitcht Battell if the enemies Ordnance be planted upon some hill so advantagious that they may annoy the Horse troops then the horse are to be drawn into some place of security or into the Reare of your Battell of the Infantery untill such time as their Ordnance be intercepted by certaine disbanded Troopes both of Horse and Foote sent for that purpose as for the Postures of the Harquebuz and Carabine they may receive their instruction from the Cuirassiers yet in regard most of our peeces goe with English lockes which differ from firelockes you shall finde here underneath the order of handling them with the words of Command The Postures belonging to the Snaphane Carabine ut sequit 1. Order your Carabine 2. Sinke your Carabine into your Bridle hand 3. Bend your Cocke 4. Guard your Cocke 5. Prime 6. Shut your Pan. 7. Cast about your Carabine 8. Gage your Flaske 9. Lade your Carabine 10. Draw your Rammer 11. Shorten your Rammer 12. Lude with Bullet and Ramme 〈◊〉 13. Withdraw your Rammer 14. Shorten your Rammer 15. Returne your Rammer 16. Recover your Carabine 17. Order your Hammer 18. Free your Cocke 19. Present 20. Give Fire CHAP. CXVIII Of the Excellent Service which may be performed by the Dragoones here in our Island of England AS for the Dragoones their Service and use of armes doth so neerly corespond with the Postures of the Infantry to which postures I altogether referre them They were invented for speciall services to assist both the Cavalry and Infantry for there are many exploits which cannot be effected by the Cavalry alone The Musqueteiâ—es are to exercise themselves to give fire on horsebacke in the same fashion as the Harquebuzirs ought to doe Being come to Guarde a passage or to doe any other the like Service they are to alight and demeane themselves as infantry as in diverse places in this booke you may read onely here by the way I will shew how necessary it were to breede and traine up certaine companies of them in this our Kingdome which being an Island and the chiefest of our Land forces farre remote from the Maritime places where an enemie may possibly land which will be troublesome and require much time to March to our Coast side with our foote troopes and when wee are arived with the strength of our Land thinking to encounter with them The Enemy may easily delude us by the advantage of a darke night or mistie day which may so favour them that by rebarking themselves and setting sayle by the next night they may be landed on the other side of the Kingdome which were a thing impossible to March to them with our Army to oppose them but these Dragoones may easily crosse the Kingdome and may suddenly arive in any place thereof to assist such Forces as that Coast shall be able to rayse And although we should admit of that Noble Gentlemans advice which was to divide the Forces of certaine adjacent Counties into three divisions making an entire armie of the one halfe of them intrenching them neere the place suspected for greatest danger for conveniencie of landing them as he exemplifies it by Fulke-stone in Kent where he would have lodged 6000. men then upon the right wing twelve miles distant from this body being the point of Nesse he would have 3000. men lodged and upon the left wing 12. miles distant being the Towne of Margate he would have 3000. more lodged and so accordingly to inguirt the whole Island by this they should mutually give helpe one to another so that if the body of this army being 6000. men should be distrest then the two wings were speedily to repaire to their succour or if any of the wings then the body of the army were to March speedily to their ayde Questionlesse this is a singular project and no reason can contradict it if we have men sufficient to inguirt the Island round but that cannot be expected in regard that his Majestie must of necessitie have a standing Armie in the Heart of the Kingdome composed of the Principall Gentry and Yeomandry to be in readinesse if the Enemie should give a repulse and overthrow those Maritime Forces or if any Domesticke enemie should trecherously draw a head to side witâ— them this standing Armie will dishearten them and bee a meanes to corroberate our owne men which otherwise would be much dejected and happily many of them so base being overwhelmed with the present disasters that they would turne to the Enemie and compound their owne safeties as was well seene at the Landing of William the Conquerour after he had discomfited the Armie of King Herrald which was but a handfull of the Forces which might have beene afterwards raysed to have given the enemie a second Battell or otherwise have defended the Land by delaying the Enemie but feare had so wonderfully surprised the Natives that immediately they compounded their owne safeties which had there
of Euboea IN the Island of Euboea Nauplius the Father of Palamedes understanding that his sonne was slaine by the hands of Paris wherefore he conceived such displeasure against the whole Hoste of the Graecians that hee intended their generall destruction to this end hee caused fires to bee made upon the top of the most dangerous and unaccessible Rockes in this whole Island and had removed all the Booyes and Sea-markes into dangerous shelves the Greekes taking this according to the custome of the times to have beene the markes of some safe Haven made thitherwards where they were miserably cast away there perishing 200 ships and many thousand men CHAP. CXCV. An excellâ—nt policie used by Mahomet Bassa to conceale the death of Solimon one of the Ottoman Emperours from his Souldiers at the Siege of Sigeth in Hungary fearing lest they should mutinie SOlimon one of the Ottoman Emperours dying at the Siege of Sigeth in Hungary which was cunningly concealed by Mahomet Bassa the space of twenty dayes before the Ianizaries knew of it who when any did inquire for him he would shew them divers times the Emperour â—itting in his Horse-litter as being troubled with the Gout causing his Physitians to go too and fro with their Phisicke as if they had him in cure but after the Souldiers suspected ill dealing they began to be mutinous whereupon he promised they should see him the next day wherefore they apparelled the Corpes in royall large Robes and placed it in a Chaire at the end of a long Gallery and a little Boy cunningly placed behinde him to move the Kings hand to his head as if he should stroake his Beard as his manner it seemes was which signe of life and strength the souldiers seeing were contented and so was his death concealed forty one dayes more untill the Siege was ended and a new Emperour establisht CHAP. CXCVI. A Politique Stratagem used by Simon Sonne of Miltiades being Captaine of the Athenians whereby he overthrew the Sea and Land-forces of the Persians in one day SImon the Sonne of Miltiades Captain Generall of the Athenians overthrew the Sea and Land-forces of the Persians in one day he tooke and sunke no fewer than forty ships and three hundred Gallies in the Sea fight which ended he furnished and mann'd the Persian ships with his owne best souldiers attyred in the Persians habilaments and waving the colours of the Persians upon their approach the Campe was opened where every man prepared to welcome their victorious Countrey-men as they thought But the Greekes no sooner entred but suddenly put them all to the sword and tooke twenty thousand of them Prisoners CHAP. CXCVII A Policie of the Duke of Burbon to cause his fleeing Souldiers to stand a charge AT the Battell of Agincourt Lewis of Burbon having suffered a defeat in his left wing weighing the dishonour gathered some scattered troops of Horse that stood doubtfull of the event proclaiming the English had the worst and if they would shew their valours he warranted them the victory the French being then all ready to flee he procures a Souldier to runne through the Army to crave supply protesting the English were yeilding for that King Henry the fifth had offered to yeeld his troops and to flee for refuge This device did wonderfully hearten the French to abide the other charge who would otherwise before have fled CHAP. CXCVIII. A Policie used by King Henry the fifth being overcharged with Prisoners if fresh Supplies should have assailed him AT the same Battell of Agincourt after the French were fled a world of Prisoners being taken in the pursuit in the interim certaine French fugitives seised upon the Kings Teâ—ts an Alarme being made by the Sutlers and those that guarded the Baggage the King fearing fresh supplies presently commands every Souldier to kill his Prisoner that they might make the safer resistance and not be hindred by them which in Skirmish might have done them treble damage CHAP. CXCIX A Stratagem whereby the Town of Fast-castle in Scotland was taken from the English IN Edward the sixths dayes our English Generall having taken in divers Towne in Scotland this Towne of Fast-castle being one the Governour thereof commands the neighbouring Hines to bring in their Contribution corne the Enemy making use of this opportunity sends divers souldiers habited like the Scottish Peasants with private Armes about them upon the day appointed with sackes of Corne upon horse-backe they being arrived at the Ports alighted and every man brought his sacke in upon his shoulder no sooner were they entred but they fell upon the Guard and cut them off making them masters of the Ports untill divers Troops that waited the opportunity came and succoured them and gained the Towne CHAP. CC. Anotable Stratagem whereby the Island of Sarke was taken from the French it being a place of it selfe impregnable SIR Walter Raleigh in his History of the World relateth an excellent Stratagem which a Gentleman of the Netherlands made use of for the regaining of the Island of Sarke which joynes to Gernesey from the French it being a place of it selfe impregnable having sufficient to sustaine themselves there growing and being every way inaccessible This Gentleman anchored in the Road with one ship of small burthen pretending the death of his Merchant he besought the French to bury him in hallowed ground offering them for a gratuity such things as they had aboord the French condescended to their requests upon condition they should come all disarmed whereupon they brought their Coffin upon land filled with all kinde of weapons and Ammunition in the meane time part of the French went to the ship to view their penniworths where they were detained the Coffin being brought into the Church and the doores shut close they armed themselves and fell upon the Guard and slew them By this device they obtained the Island which otherwise had beene impossible to have been entred CHAP. CCI. A Politique device used by Iugurth to helpe his Armie in case it were overthrowne IVgurth being invaded by the Romans deferred the fight in the day of Battell untill a good part of the day was spent knowing that if the Enemy did prevaile yet the night comming on them they should not be so able to pursue the victory and that they being in their owne Country and acquainted with all passages and places of strength being protected by the darknesse of the night might the better escape and make head againe upon the Romans and contrariwise if the invaders should be broken the night would be a meanes to cause their utter confusion they not knowing how to finde any place of refuge but must fall into the hands of the Natives This device stood Jugurth in great stead CHAP. CCII. A Politique Stratagem used by Count Pietro Navarese to beate his Enemies from a Breach whereby he rowted their Campe. COunt Pietro Navarese being besieged in a Towne where the Enemy had made a Breach in the Walles for his safety to repell
this Receit then strongly bound with pack-thread and coted with moulten pitch making therein but one vent of an inch deep wherein must be put fine powder to prime it bruised very small this being fired with a match after it hath burnt awhile ding it into any water it will rise and burne furiously upon the top this is very proper to set fire upon the Enemies floates or Galleries that are built upon the water there shall need no Figure to demonstrate this CHAP. CCXLVIII Of certaine earthen Bottels filled with a kinde of mixture to be fired which are thrown amongst the Enemie THere are certaine Earthen Bottels to be made of a round fashion being not halfe burnt are best for this use they are invented to disorder the Enemies Rankes or to astonish them being whirld out of the Souldiers hands amongst the Enemies will soone make them give ground the device is this having got as many of these Bottels as shall be thought requisite these must bee filled halfe full of Serpentine powder or somewhat more there is to be mixt with it a quantity of Hogges grease Oyle of Stone Brimstone Saltpeeter twice refined Aqua vitae Pitch these being stirred together over a soft fire in some earthen vessell this composition being put into the Bottell with fine powder bruised to cause it to fire suddainly the Bottell is to have a Cord to throw it by this hath wrought strange effects Also there is a kinde of Composition which is besmeared about Ropes ends and Hoopes which are to be throwne from a Wall upon the Enemy which will burne and disorder them wonderfully especially at the scaling of a Wall The Composition is this take Sulphre in meale sixe parts of Rozin in meale three parts these being melted in a Pan over a slow fire then taking Stone-pitch one part hard waxe one part of Towe halfe a quarter part of Aqua vitae halfe a quarter part of Camphire â…› parts these being also melted together there must bee stirred into it Saltpeeter-meale two parts and when it is taken off the fire there must be foure parts of bruised powder mixt with it these being oynted upon Hoopes and Ropes and set on fire wheresoever they light they cannot be quenched but will burne the Enemy to death View the Figures following CHAP. CCXLIX How a frame of Musquets are to be made and ordâ—red for the defence of a Breach or for the flanking of a Battalia of Pikes THe use of this frame of Musquets is very excellent both in the defence of Breaches Bridges Ports or to be plac'd before the Divisions of Pikes or flanking the Pikes in Battell whereby the Enemie will be wonderfully shaken and by the helpe of a few men which are to remove them too and fro and to give fire to the traines strange exploits may be performed The manner of it is thus A Frame is made of Boordes or Planke three Stories high one story halfe a foot above the other and a foot or more behinde one the other the lowermost tyre is to lye about three foot from the ground the next halfe a foot above that and so the third there are certain quilles or small spouts of Brasse to goe from one touch-hole to the other so that the traine being fired they shall one discharge after another beginning first with the uppermost tyre as the Enemy enters the Breach then the second and the lowermost last there is also a broad plate which shall be plac'd over the Breeches of the Musquets that no sparkles may fall downe into the Pans of the second nor the lowermost tyre each tyre is to hold twelve Musquets a breast one being plac'd a foot distance from the other there are certaine Ringles on each side to remove it by There is one in Germany that hath onely twelve Musquets which may be discharged eight and forty times according to the French new invention for Pistols This was practised at Ostend when Duke Albert made his potent assault by which he was wonderfully repuls'd View the Figure CHAP. CCL An Instrument called a Flaile used in the defending of a Breach or scaling of a Wall or when the Enemy is at handy blowes THis instrument is used in the Warres to defend breaches or when the Enemy is entered the streets of a Towne and are at close fight then these are the onely weapons for dispatch there being no defence for it it is made much after the fashion of a Flayle onely the Swingill is short and very thicke having divers Iron Pikes in it upon all parts of it that which way soever it falles it destroyes divers souldiers are appointed to attend the Enemies assaulting the Breach some standing at one end of the Breach the residue at the other and when the Enemy is come up at push of Pike so close that the Pikemen can make no use of their Pikes then these Flayles makes way through their Head-peeces and Armour View the Figure CHAP. CCLI The use of the Turne-pike and how it is framed and of the excellent defence it makes both against Horse and Foote upon all straights and passages THis Instrument is of great use to bee cast into straites breaches passages or high-wayes for which way soever it is rowled there bee sharpe pikes towards the Enemy to hinder his approches the manner of framing of it is after this manner First there is a round Beame of light wood as Firre or Sallow about twelve Inches in circumference and ten or twelve foot long at every halfe-footes length or under there must bee holes bored thorow every way a-crosse then there must bee Staves fitted for those holes of good seasoned Ash about a yard and a halfe long somewhat tapering towards each end the ends of these Staves must bee armed with Iron Pikes cheeked downe a good way that they may not bee hackt off with their Swords then being droven into the foresaid holes just halfe way of the Staffe it will bee defensive which way soever it bee turned the beame is to be so made that one may be fastned to the other by hookes at each end so that if need bee halfe a score of them may bee coupled together or otherwise as the breach or passage is in breadth the Musqueâ—iers may shoot over them and the Pikes may defend them so that the Enemy shall not have the advantage to pull them asunder and so long as they lye neither Horse nor Foot can passe for them when they are to be transported by waggon then the Staves are to be knockt out that they may lye in closer roome View the Figure following CHAP. CCLII The use of the Pallizadoes to prevent both Horse and Foote from any sudden assault and how they are framed HIs Excellency the Prince of Orange had alwayes these Instruments carryed in his Army either by Water or by Land for wheresoever hee did incampe his Army for any time especially if the Enemy were quartered neere he alwayes gave directions to
have these Pallizadoes pitcht into the ground round the quarters and upon all Passages and Bridges the Turne-Pikes were placed with a sufficient Guard to defend them The manner of framing them is after this fashion they take Furre-poles about twelve Inches in Circumference and foure foote and and a halfe and some five foot long and upwards these are sharpe at the nether end with a peece of Iron that they may enter the Gravell or Stones and some are not within a handfull of the upper end there is two Iron Pikes of five or sixe inches long driven in side-wayes one crossing the other then in the middest betwixt both is the third Pike placed right-forwards these being driven into the earth about a foote and a halfe and in distance a foote or thereabouts asunder the Pikes will so answer one to the other that nothing can passe but must receive hurt when they intend to raise a Parapet of earth then as they finish the worke they pull up the Pallizados There is another kind of Palizado made of peeces of Oake-heart sharpt at one end the other end is layed into the earth three quarters of a yard deepe neere the top of a Breast-worke either of Skonce or Redout View the Figure of the former Palizado CHAP. CCLIII The use of the Calthrop and of the Spiked Planke to anoy both Horse and Foote THe Calthrop is an Instrument very offensive to the Enemies Horse and by the use of them a few Souldiers may make an able resistance either in the streetes of a Towne or upon any passage or in a Pitcht Battell the lightnesse of it being such that every Souldier may carry two or three of them at his Girdle and as they advance towards the Enemy throwing them downe they will indanger any thing that shall tread upon them They are framed in this wise first they take a tough peece of Sallow and making it round about the bignesse of an Apple there is Iron pikes driven thorow which points every way so that which way soever it falls a pike will be upwards to runne into the feet either of Horse or Man there is another fashion made of a peece of Bord as broad as a Trencher which is driven full of nayles and lyned with another thin Bord to keepe the Nayles from slipping backe these are very good to bee throwne upon passages in the night-time when a feare of the Enemies approch is at hand Also at the Siege of Ost-End the Arch-Duke invented a device to defend himselfe against sudden Sallyes out of the Towne wherefore hee cansed to bee layed at the neerest Retrenchments long Plankes driven full of long sharpe spikes the sharpe points lying upwards to runne into their feet that should assayle him this is good to lay crosse streetes in a Towne in the night-time when an Enemy hath entred the Ports View the Figures following CHAP. CCLIV The use of the Bome or Baricado to crosse a passage or high-way to prevent the Enemies Horse in their speedy approches THis kinde of Instrument is used very frequently about all the frontier Townes in the Netherlands it is to bee plac'd upon some straight passage in the Road or high-way a flight-shot from each Port or neerer to prevent the Enemies sudden assault with his Horse-troopes the forme and fashion is after this manner The Beame which crosseth the way is of Oake-hart and a foot square of Timber at the least then upon one side of the way is pitch'd downe a strong able Post the top of it being fitted to enter into a hole of the Beame about the third part of it from the fore end then there comes divers Braces downe from the Beame which are mortic'd into a circular piece of Timber framed purposely to winde about the middest of the standing Post the Post being there made with a Regall these Braces stayes up the Beame from sinking downe at the fore end and it also hinders the raising of it up from the standing Post upon the other side of the way is another able Post for the end of the Beame to shut against the said end of the Beame hath a very strong Spring-locke which at the first pulling too locks into the Post there is alwayes a Sentinell to garde at this Bome to open and shut it to Passengers if there bee any voyd place betwixt the Postes and the hedges it must bee strongly railed the Figure followes which happily may better informe you CHAP. CCLV. Of a second kinde of Bome or Baricado to lay over Rivers to prevent the comming up of Boates whereby the Enemy may surprize a Towne THis second kinde of Bome was invented by the Netherlanders to prevent the Enemies designes who had many times deceived them by rowing up their boates the Rivers and unexpectedly have entred their Townes the manner of framing it is after this fashion In the narrowest place of the River or Haven they spile both the sides next the bankes with long able spiles mortissing the top of them into an over-way or beame of sound Timber onely in the middest of the streame they leave a passage for such vessels or boates to passe as are requisite then they take a peece of Timber or some Mast of a Ship which being fitted in due length for the place the one end of this Bome hath a Staple of strong Iron which is joyned by a Ringle to a second Staple that is droven into the inmost Spile likewise upon the Spile of the other side is a strong Staple whereunto the fore-nd of the Bome is to bee fastened either by a Mortice plated with Iron or some Chaine fastened unto it and this is strongly lockt upon the top of this Bome goes a thick barre of Iron from end to end which hath large strong pikes rivited into it three or foure inches one from the other Lastly the iron plate or Barre is rivited to the Bome so that it cannot possibly be cut in sunder neyther can they have their Boates over it by reason of the Pikes this they may open and shut at pleasure Many times they use iron chaines but they are more chargeable and not so good in regard a Boat will runne over it View the Figure CHAP. CCLVI. Duke Alberts Invention for the staying of the Hollanders Shippes at Ostend that his Batteries might the easier discharge upon them IN the Siege of Ostend Duke Albertus had planted divers Block-houses with Ordnance to impeach the Hollanders shipping which releeved the Towne yet with a quicke tyde and faire Winde they entred in despight of his Ordnance without any dammage wherefore he bethought him to draw a mighty Cable over the Channell where the Shippes did usually passe safely by the favour of the darke night to divers parts of this Cable he fastned divers empty Caske as Pipes and Hogsheads to beare it up straite and even also there were certaine Anchors to stay the Pipes and Cable from floating away hee having prepared his Batteries in
rest of the Pot and then to bee covered to keepe them in In the next place there are divers Wimbles to be made of a just bignesse to the Pottes these are to bore the holes in the earth to place the Pots in note the holes are to bee bored somewhat aslent that the stones may flie side-wayes to disorder the Rankes if it be swardy ground then only the top of the sward is to be laid to cover the Pots and the residue of the earth is to be cast quite away towards your owne Troopes to avoide suspition then there are Regals cut from pot to pot to lay the Pipes which are to convey the traines of Powder these are also to be covered as the former there may be also long traines made both from the two ends and also from some other places about the middest these traines are to bee likewise conveyed in Pipes tenne or twenty rodde towards your owne Bataliaes and when the Enemy is marcht full upon them then those appointed to attend these traynes are to give fire unto them Note if the earth should bee wet then the Pots and Pipes that convay the Traines must bee closed with Pitch or Yallow to prevent the moystning of the Powder View the Figure following of all the parts of the Stratagem which happily may cause you better to understand it CCLXXIV How to make Torches and Candles to burne in any weather being a thing most necessary in the warres THese kinde of Torches are invented to keepe fire either in windie or raynie weather they are made of this composition following Sulphur Salt-peeter Rosin Calxvine quick Peal Lin-seed Oyle and common Lamp-oyle Pitch Tarre Camfire Waxe Tutia Arsnicke Quick-silver and Aqua-vitae of this composition may bee Torches Candles or Balls of Wild-fire made that will burne in the water without extinguishing CHAP. CCLXXV How to arme Pikes with Wild-fire and Pistols for to with-stand a Breach and defend it against the Enemie THis kind of arming of Pikes at the Speares end with Wild-fire was invented for the defence of a Breach Port or Bridge and it hath beene approved that an Enemy hath beene more feared with it then with any other kinde of weapon the manner of framing these Weapons is after this fashion First there must be Powder bruised eight parts Peeter in Roch one part Peeter in Meale one part Sulphur in Meale two parts Rosin-Roch three parts Turpentine one part Lin-seed Oyle one part Verdigrease halfe a part Bole-Armoniack 1 3 part these ingredients must bee put in a Bagge made of strong Canvas which first must be put upon the Pikes end and the lower end of it being tyed fast to the Pike and the Bagge filled up with this Composition the other end thereof must also bee fast tyed to the end of the Speare the whole Bagge must be soundly woulded with a small Cord this being done then there must bee 〈◊〉 in a Pan Pitch foure parts Lin-seed Oyle one part Turpentine one part Tarre 1 3 part Tallow one part these being mixt together must be daubed all over the Canvas a good thicknes then being cold two holes must be bored into the Bagge two inches deepe with a sharp square Iron filling the same with fine bruised Powder to this may be made fast divers Pistoll-Barrels charged with Bullets this instrument will performe excellent service in a throng of people View the figure CHAP. CCLXXVI A Device to make a Musquet shâ—ot with the same quantity of Powder halfe as farre againe as her usuall Shot is THis Invention the King of Sweden did make tryall of and it is a thing highly to be prized in the Warres for many times it happens that the wings of Shot in a pitch'd Battell are drawn out to skirmish with an Enemie before they be within the true distance of the Musquets commanding Shot or being discharged by the Enemie out of some Fort many times when they are out of distance whereby much Powder and shot is spent to no purpose now to remedie this there is an approved device which will cause a Musquet or Canon to shoot halfe as farre againe with the same quantity of Powder and this is effected by taking of white Case-pepper of the soundest Cornes and steepe them 24 houres in the strongest Aqua-vitae then being taken out and dryed in the Sunne so that they may not danke the Powder then charging the Peece with the usuall charge of Powder you must take so many of these pepper Cornes as will cover the circumference of the Bore and being put downe close with the sticke to the Powder then putting next to the Pepper the Bullet this being tryed at any marke it shall be sensibly found to convey the Bullet with such a violence farre beyond the accustomed shooting and being charged without this ingredient the Bullet shall not come little more then halfe the way CHAP. CCLXXVII Of the Bow-Pike and how it is best to be used in the Warres THis Invention of joyning a Bowe to the Pike may bee of excellent use in the Warres to impale the Flankes of an Army for when the Horse shall charge eyther in Flanke or Reare those Arrowes will gaule them they are very good to be drawne out to safegard some small troopes of shot that shall bee sent out to discharge upon the Horse but for the placing of these in the Front of the maine Battalia's I hold it not so good unlesse it be onely the two first rankes for it will bee very troublesome when the Troopes snall joyne at push of Pike besides the Pikes heads will soone out their Bow-strings in sunder and make them of no validitie and questionlesse in the time of stormie wet weather these Bowes would doe great service when the Musquet cannot be discharged for wet but were it so that a Pike were made of such an indifferent bignesse towards the But end that there might be disposed in it three Petronell Barrels made of a very light substance as there is a new Invention found out in that kinde there is a light locke to be plac'd a yard from the But end this shall at once pulling up strike fire twice having a double pan and that part of the Pike the Petronell is plac'd in is to be turned round so that the Touch-holes of these Barrels may turne to the locke one after another without removing either of hand or foot this would worke some effect against the Enemies Pikes it going with that force that it would enter their Corslets which the force of an Arrow could not performe View the Figures CHAP. CCLXXVIII The Description of an Engine whereby the diversitie of the strength of powder may be truely knowne TO know which are the strongest sortes of Gunpowder according as this Figure demonstrates you must prepare a Boxe as A B beeing foure inches high and two inches wide having a Lid joyned unto it the Boxe ought to be made of Iron Brasse or Copper and to be fastened to a good thicke
Planke and to have a Touch-hole at the Bottome as O and that end of the Boxe where the hinge of the Lid is there must stand up from the Boxe a peece of Iron or Brasse in length answerable unto the Lid of the Boxe this peece of Iron must have a hole quite through it towards the top and a Spring as AG must be skrewed or rivited so that the one end may cover the said hole on the top of all this Iron or Brasse that stands up from the Boxe there must be jointed a peece of Iron made as you see in the Figure the hinder-part of which is bent downeward and entreth the hole that the Spring covereth the other part resteth upon the Lid of the Boxe open this Boxe Lid and put in a quantity of Powder then shut the Lid downe and put fire to the Touch-hole at the Bottome the Powder being fired will blow the Boâ—e Lid up the notches more or lesse according to the strength of the Powder thus by firing the same quantity of divers kindes at severall times you may know which is strongest CHAP. CCLXXIX Of a Bridge made without Boates or Barrels Cordage or Timber-worke which transported 4000 men at once ouer a great River IN the Ascent of Cyrus the third Booke pag the 57. the Army being in great distresse invironed on one fide with high Mountaines and deepe broad Rivers on the otherside a Rhodian presented himselfe to the Generall and did undertake to transport 4000 at once over those Rivers without Boates or Barrels whereof indeed they were defective wherefore he provided all the raw Hides that he could possibly get and sowing them up very close blew them full of Winde then hee made use of such Cords and Ropes as the Army could affoord and tyed them together having stones upon them which went downe like Anchors these being plac'd upon the waters he threw Rice upon them and then earth which kept them from tottering making them lye stable every Bouget was able to convey two men by this meanes the Army was convayed well CHAP. CLXXX How Caesar made a Bridge upon the River Rhine and carried his Army over into Germanie CAesar holding scorne to transport his Army over the River Rhine by Boates into Germany he bethought himselfe to try what hee could doe to make an artificiall Bridge which should stand more for his honour and the terrour of his Enemies they conceiving it impossible to frame a Bridge over a water so deepe broad and swift wherefore he caused great store of Timber to be brought and at two foot distance he placed two Trees of a foot and halfe square sharpened at the lower end and cut answerable to the depth of the River these he let downe into the water with Engines and drove them in with Commanders not perpendicularly after the fashion of a Pile but Gâ—blewise and bending with the force of the water opposite unto these he placed two other Trees joyned together after the same fashion being 40 foot distant from the former by the demension betweene their lower parts in the bottome of the water and reclining against the recourse of the River these two paire of Couples thus placed he joyned together with a Beame of two foot-square equall to the distance betweene the said Couples and fastned them at each end on eyther side of the Couples with Braces and Pins whereby the strength of the worke and the nature of the Frame was such that the greater the violence of the streame was and the faster it fell upon the Timber worke the stronger the Bridge was united together in the couplings and joynts In like manner he proceeded with Couples and Beames untill the Worke was brought unto the other side of the River then he layed straight plankes from Beame to Beame and covered them with hurdles and so hee made a floore to the Bridge Moreover on the Lower side of the Bridge he drove Supporters which being fastened to the Timber-worke did strengthen the Bridge against the force of the water and at the upper side of the Bridge at a reasonable distance he placed Piles to hinder the force of Trees or Boates or what else the Enemy might cast downe to damme up the water whereby the Bridge might have beene borne downe by the violence of the streame this worke was begun and finisht in ten dayes CHAP. CCLXXXI The Description of an Instrument invented by King Henry the fifth at the Battell of Agincourt and since used by the King of Sweden and by him called a Swines-Pike THis Instrument was first invented by King Henry the fifth at the Battell of Agincourt and did infinite service there and now of late dayes was used by that famous Generall the King of Sweden the manner of it is thus First the Instrument is made of a strong peece of Ash about foure foot in length biggest in the middest and shaved Taper-wise towards each end upon each end is fastened on an Iron Pike of an indifferent length with cheekes downe a pretty way the staffe to strengthen it this instrument every Masquetier carried one of them at his girdle when they were upon service as they advanc'd to give fire upon the Enemie they stucke down one of these somewhat sloping to the intent if the Enemies horse should charge them these Instruments would prevent them for they could not possibly shift them but they would pierce their Horses Breasts by this they were able to maintaine a skirmish against the potency of the Horse View the Figures of it CHAP. CCLXXXIII How a Case of Tinne is to be made to carry light Matches in that the Enemy may not discover them THe Prince of Orange when he intended to assault a Towne by night upon an On-slaught he invented an Instrument to carry the light matches in so that the sparkes of them might not be discovered from the walles by the Enemies Sentinels the manner of forming them waâ— thus theâ—â— was a peece of Tinne or Lattin made like an elder pipe about a foot long the hollownesse of it was of sufficient bignesse to hold the match within it it had also divers holes on eyther side like the holes of a Flute to let in the ayre to keepe the match from extinguishing the match being drawn in a good way into the Pipe it cannot be discovered for the winde can have no power to make the sparkles flye View the figure CHAP. CCLXXXIII How the Venetians did order their Powder after their Arsnall was burnt THe Venetians had their Magazine blowne up with Gun-powder two or three severall times and for a future prevention they sate in counsell a long time how they might prevent this danger which might come either by accident or treachery but they could in no wise contrive a way to their liking a poore man in Venice hearing of it had presently a device in his brains how to order the matter so that no damage might ensue eyther by fire to consume it or by
the forlorne hopes in regard they are first to charge the enemy these troopes being thus ordered are to be taught how to advance and retreat performing all actions as ample as if the enemy were encountring with them This kind of exercise will make them ready and orderly in their performances otherwise it may prove dangerous to bring them to the encounter A Generall is to animate his souldiers in time of need to take paines as the valiant Emperour Vespasian who was the first man that carried a Basket of earth to the Fortification that his souldiers might not thinke scorne to imitate him it is the sober obedient minde and the hard painefull body that makes the noble souldier A Generall must take away all hope of refuge from his souldiers in time of Battell as William the Conquerour and Julius Caesar did send away their shipping that there souldiers should hope for nothing but either victory or a grave and in many Battells troopes of horses have been placed in the reare of the Army to put to the sword all such as turne head to looke for refuge It is not sufficient for a Generall to get a victory but also to know how to use it for many times security and negligence after a conquest hath bred utter ruine as appeared by the history of Bayan Chinsan who was Generall to the Tartarian Emperour after he had vanquisht his enemy at Cinguinguy by their carelesnesse disorders and drunkennesse were set upon in the night by the remnant remaining who put them all to the sword It is very dangerous for a Generall to present battell to an enemy in such a difficult place that he is devoyd of all refuge or possibility to escape whereby urgent necessity may make an enemy desperate If a Generall sees his horse-troopes too weak to encounter with the Enemies then he must give order for divers shot to march up in file with the horse then seeing their advantage to breake out from them and gall the enemy these shot would be often exercised with the horse to make them apt to give an assault and also upon occasion to reunite themselves into a body to make a defence If a Generall drawes out any Winges of shot to charge and skirmish with the enemy any farre distance before the body of the Army then they ought to be backed with a guard of Pikes which are to rescue them from the charge of horse as also to aide them if they should joyne pell mell with the enemies forlorne hope but this is to be performed long before the bodyes of either Armyes can meet which kind of skirmishes are for divers good ends as first to discover and winne some ground of advantage or to give the souldiers courage by seeing how those loose bands doe valiantly foyle those of the enemy in which skirmishes some politicke stratageme is to be used to skare and affright the enemy for any unexpected accident will seeme strange to an Army although it be never so small and will be ready to disorder them he that commands these troopes must be very wise and circumspect left hee falles into the enemies stratagems which may discourage the Armie Also a Generall is not to trust to a seeming victory for many times good successe at the first in a battell occasioneth the overthrow of many great actions as we have the example of Theoderick Generall of the Germans his army being very potent had gotten the best of William Earle of Flanders at the first encounter which made the Germans confident and the rather secure in regard their strength exceeded the Flemmings but the Flemmings being rather desperate than resolute and by the valour of the Earle they had so reunited their broken troopes and with a furious charge did so shake and disorder the Germans that many of them were slaine and the rest put to flight If a Generall or some other great Commander or if any part of the Army should be cut off by the enemy it is best to keep it from the knowledge of the rest of the Army lest it dishearten them If an Army bee to march in the darke to avoyd confusion command must bee given that every souldier shall carry the end of his Leaders pike or weapons from making any noise and by that means they shall keep right in their ranks A Generall in time of battell must be very wise and discreet to give order when the skirmishers of the loose-banded Maniples shall make their recreat and to what place also when the Horse shall charge and what part of the enemies divisions they shall assault and to give order what foot-men shall be drawne out to succour them if occasion be also what Battalia's shall advance forwards and when to retreat likewise when the whole body of the Army shall charge and what divisions shall pursue the victory alwayes remembring to keep the maine Battell stedfast and not to move in pursuit after the vanquisht enemy also to have Officers in the time of fight to gather together such stragling souldiers as shall bee disrank't and in disorder and so make a body of them in the reare of the Army There are sundry opinions about the place of a Generall in the time of giving battell but questionlesse the best and securest place is before the battell of succour but at the first he may stand in the front of the maine battell untill such time as the forlorne hopes are beaten in he is to ride upon a small Palfrey having a guard of able gentlemen in like sort attending him the which he may send to and fro upon all occasions to give Officers intelligence of his pleasure If a Generall shall perceive fresh aids are approaching then let him use his best endeavours to give the enemy battell before they arrive and also to draw out a convenient force to meet those aids and give them battell in some place of greatest advantage If a Generals victuals amunition or pay begins to faile then let him endeavour to give his enemy battell if he suspect Supplies but if he knowes his enemy is in want either of victuals amunition c. or that sicknesse mutinies or the like are in his Army so that any hope be that his Army may of it selfe dissolve then a Generall must stand strongly upon his guard and by all meanes avoid joyning battell as was practised by the Prince of Orange about fourteene yeares since when Grave Hendrick Vandenberg marcht over the river Ysell in a great frost by the Towne of Duesburgh into the Vello with ten thousand men where his Excellency and the States of Holland might have given him battell with a great deale of conveniency but he rather suffered him to pillage the Dorpes and burne where he pleased because hee knew hee could not stay long nor march far from the river lest the frost should have broke and he disappointed of his returne If a Generall hath had victory triumphed on his side a little
them in Foot-men 2000. of Curassiers 300. of Harquebuziers 400. the residue of the Carbines and Dragones 500. with their Colonels and their Officers The Colonels and Captains of the Cavalliary may be quartered at the head of their Regiments as you may behold in the figure of the Camp Those marked G. are for the Colonels of the Foot H. for the Captains of the light-Horse-men or Harquebuziers I. for the Captain of the Curassiers or Lances K. for the Captain of the residue of the Carbines and Dragones So there remaines Regiments of an hundred paces broad and one hundred and fifty paces long for the Souldiers to bee quartered in which may by small streets of five paces broad be divided into as many spaces as there are severall Bonds in every Regiment These last divisions of Bonds are omitted in the figure because in so small a plot it would breed confusion This must be observed that the shot bee lodged towards the outside of the Camp that they may bee in readinesse to answer the alarm the which may be done by dividing the utmost seven Regiments into halfe as you may see in the figure by the pricked lines leaving the seaven spaces marked with L. for 7000. Shot and the other with M. for 7000. Pikes all the other Regiments marked with N. are likewise for Pikes and Muskets to the number of 16000. Thus you see in the North moytie of this Camp is quartered all the Foot and Horse the other halfe of this Camp must serve for the quartering of the unarmed as Pioners Carters Carpenters Smiths Sutlers Butchers and all sorts of Mechanicall Artificers together with a large place of assembly for the Souldiers to retire unto to put themselves in order upon any alarm as also to exercise themselves in sundry sorts of activity You shall therefore from the South side of the Generall Pavilion six hundred paces Southward extend out your first main street of fourty paces broad and crosse it againe with another street running East and West three hundred and sixty paces distant from the South side of the Generalls Pavilion this street needs bee but thirty paces in breadth Againe extend the second narrow street that runs paralell to the first main street untill you come to this crosse street last made so have you O. your place of Assembly three hundred and thirty paces broad and five hundred and fourty paces long P. shall be appointed for the Munition and Officers attending upon the Artilery Q. is the Marke-place and round about this Market-place may bee lodged the Butchers Bakers Cooks and Victuallers of all sorts About the place of the Assembly may be the Tents of all such as furnish the Camp with things needfull for the Souldiers as Armourers Taylors Shoo-makers and the like There still remains two long squares of earth either of them 540. paces long and 190. paces broad here the Carts and Wagons with the horse and oxen for the Carriages themselves must alwaies impale that part of the Camp that is not fortified either by nature or art the Pioners likewise may be quartered in this Camp Lastly you shall line out 60. paces distant from all these Regiments and Quarters already set down and there raise the circumference of the intrenchment of the Camp making a good Trench eight or ten foot wide and raise a good Parapet or Brest-work of five or six foot thick and as high with a foot-bank to make the Souldiers of height sufficient to give fire over it your Ordnance is to be plac'd on the same But if the enemy be near and of greater force than your selfe then you must make your Trenches very large and deep with a Rampart and Brest-work of a great height and thicknesse with a Bulwark at each corner and in the midst of the Curtain View the figure following where the line the Ordnance is planted upon demonstrates the sleight Trench and Brest-work which is to be made the enemy being a far distance from you The outmost line with the Bulwarks is the figure of the strongest Intrenchment for security when the enemy is at hand For the Guards and manner of watching I have discoursed of in the beginning of this Discourse and more fully in the latter end of the Discourse of Fortification I intend in the next Chapter to shew you the manner of the Swedes Incampings which I rather affect than this CHAP. V. How the King of Sweden in the late Emperiall Warres used to incamp his Army with Figures to explaine the same THe Swedes in their late German Warres have been very curious in their Incampings in regard of the potency of their enemies and the multiplicity of their Armies and were able by their excellent order and good discipline to performe as great atchievements with their Army of 16000. Souldiers as their enemie could with 20000. For that famous Generall never filed his men above six deep and never above 126. in a Company besides the Officers and in a Regiment but eight Companies which he might the better doe in regard his Souldiers were no novices but admirable apt and pregnant in their exercisings and performances this was one reason of this his only and peculiar way of imbattelling and incamping Likewise the fewnesse of men in his Companies made the more Divisions and Cohorts and the more Officers which he found by experience stood him in great stead and lesse charge to maintain them His incampments were different both from the ancient Romans and our modern Hollanders as you may see by this discription following how he used to enquarter his Regiments of Foot as by the sequent figure you may perceive in the head of the Quarters nine large Square at the upper end of the figure marked with the letter A. all which are the due places for the Colonell and Captains to pitch their Tents upon where you see the word Colonell written and the Captains according to their degrees in seniority and dignity of Office as you may perceive by their Hutes or Tents marked each on the head of his owne Company The number over the Colonells Hutes or Tents shew it to be 48. foot broad viz. twice as broad as any of the Captains Cabbins which are marked with 24. at each end of these rowes of Squares you see the number 30. marked which shews how many foot long each of these great Hutes are Now whereas the King of Swedens discipline was usually to have but eight Companies to a Regiment so many Hutes you see on the top of the Quarter four on each side the Colonels And the reason why this famous Warriour had so few in a Regiment as 1008. and consequently so few in a private Company as 126. those 1008. being divided amongst eight Captains was that he might have the more places of preferment and the more Officers to command these few men This is a greater advantage than our Ancestours were aware of and it were happy if our English Companies were reduced into 126. men
King of Sweden who used to range his Battalia's but six men in depth so that with ten thousand well-exercised men he could extend the Front of his Army as broad as the enemy could with fourteen thousand and make his partie good with them in regard of his sundry Retreats which brings fresh hands to fight and weary out the enemy as also hee would not misse of places of advantage environed with water or marish grounds c. so that his Army should not be assaulted upon all sides Sebastian King of Portugal when he aided Mulehamet in the Wars of Barbary against Abdimelec King of Morocco ranged the Rear of his Battell against the River Maraga which was as a wall to defend them Moreover a Generall must take this for a Rule viz. to enlarge or strengthen the Front of his Battell according to the number of his Souldiers as also according to the force of his enemies Troops if the place where you are to imbattell in be narrow then of necessity you must straighten your Ranks and if the place be wide and open you must bee very carefull not to extend the Front of your Battell too wide except your Army bee of greater potencie than the enemies then by extending out the Wings of your Battell you may gain advantage by over-winging them whereby you may charge them both in Flank and Front at once But hee that shall adventure to charge an Army upon all sides either must have four times more men than the enemy or else he must be sure to perish for want of discretion Also there is great discretion to be used in ordering of Battels that they may not bee plac'd in low grounds neer any hill or high banks or upon the side of a hill because the lower grounds are subject to the enemies Ordnance if the enemy should have this advantage the best way to prevent it is to march out of distance from such places of advantage to cause them to come down to you But some fondly have maintained the lower ground to be of greatest advantage in regard the Muskets will doe more service in shooting upwards than downwards To this I answer it is but a simple opinion for it is double advantage to have the higher ground in regard both Horse and Foot will soon find to their costs that it is a double pains besides they come upon them with a great deal more power down hill than they can up hill and a bullet shot from a side-hill may shoot through two or three Ranks when as that which is shot upwards cannot shoot past through one as for their bullets rowling out they are simple men that charge them the mean time But this by the way Tenthly your Battell must bee so ordered and disposed that the enemy may bee brought into some stratagem or made to disorder his Troops which may be done many waies as by causing your Army orderly to retrait so that the enemy may disorder his Ranks in the pursuit and then to take the occasion to fall on again orderly and rout them The ancient Generals were very politick in this for when they knew that their enemies plac'd their greatest strength in any one Point or Wing of the Army then contrarily they would frame that Point or Wing weakest which was to encounter with them their ablest forces they commanded to stand firme and not seek to repulse the enemy but to resist them and the weakest Battalia's they caused to assault the enemy and then to retrait to their Battalia's behind them by this means they brought the enemy into two great disorders the first was the enemy had his best Souldiers inclosed betwixt their adversaries Battalia's the second was when the enemy thought they had gotten the victory their Bands would disorder themselves by pillaging as the like hapned at the Battell of Dreux in France where the Lord of Guise stood fast with his Battalia all the rest being fled from him but the valiant Switzers who opposed themselves against all the fury of the enemy In the mean time the Prince of Codee's Troops being confident of the victory some of them following the slaughter and others fell to pillaging thus being scattered abroad the Lord Guise finding his opportunity with those men he had hee marched up to them with a bold countenance and overthrew them before they could order themselves in any form to receive their charge Likewise Scipio plac'd his weakest Forces against Asdrubal's best souldiers which hee had plac'd in the midst of the Battell and upon each Flank Scipio had plac'd his ablest men So soon as Asdrubal charged Scipio's Battell they retraited only the two Flanks of his strongest souldiers stood firme Asdrubal's souldiers pursuing the retrait before they were aware were gotten between the two Divisions of the Flanks of Scipio as if they had been in an half-Moon they there being charged upon both sides by them his weakest men being there were soon vanquish'd and the rather because his chiefest Forces being plac'd in the midst of his Battell could not come to fight Eleventhly You must know how and when to make use of such instruments as may hinder the enemies Horse and disorder and annoy his Foot-troops and for this purpose the King of Sweden made use of an instrument which he termed a Swines Spike formerly used by one of our Kings whereby he gained a Conquest in France it was a peece of Ash four foot long at each end a speared pike of yron his Musketires stook this at their girdles and as they advanc'd forwards to give fire upon their enemy every man stook down his instrument aslope into the ground this hindred the Horse from charging them Also many have made use of the Caltrop it being a small peece of round wood with pikes sticking up every way each souldier having one or two of these about him may cast them before the Front and Flanks of the Army these will much annoy the enemies Horse Also your Powder-pots being plac'd in the earth and fire given unto them just as the enemy shall be approaching over them these will infinitely disorder and kill them Moreover it behooves a Generall to be of a very quick apprehension and to forecast with himself what stratagems will best sute with the condition of the enemy and the situation of the place and how and when to put them in execution that they may work their best effect In the framing of your Battell you must bee mindfull to order the Battalia's so as there may be a space left of two paces for the Musketires to march down by the sides of the Pikes after they have given fire upon the enemy for if the distance should bee lesse as divers would have it the motion of the Battalia's would presently close them up Also the distances between the Battels of the forlorn hopes and the front of the main Battel ought to be sixtie paces or according as the place will admit
wresty Horse goe forwards How to make a shie horse gentle How to make a horse hardy and bold in the warres By trotting the Ring you may embolden your Horse The Dragoones are the fittest to give the on set because they doe their execution at a further distance The Firelocke is â—â—rest to give fire and not so apt to be out of 〈◊〉 besides they will indure Spâ—nd 24. houres together without â—urting them Description of a Ranke Description of a File Twentie in length That the Troope may move orderly and keepe their distances truely let the whole Troope move all at an instant viz. when the Front moves then the Reare to be ready so shall they bee seldome found to erre In Marching or Trooping through a Towne forget not to have your Peeces spand and holding them in your hand with their mouthes upwards and the butt end resting upon your thigh The Figure of the foure Divisions drawne into Battallia The distinctions of the sounds of Trumpet described The proportion of powder usually required for a true charge of any peece is almost halfe the weight in powder of the bullet Some will not have a Cuirassiere to give fire untill he hath plac't his Pistoll under his enemies armour You may place the Pumâ—ell of your Sword upon your right thigh and directing it with your right hand to the place you intend to hit viz. the belly or arme pits or his throat They must be taught to be excellent marks-men for the manner of handling them the directions of the Pistoll may serve for instruction Edmunds observation upon Câ—sars Com. In those Kingdomes that are fortified with strong Garrison Townes there shall neede no such armâ— for those townes are ready to performe the same Office that this Armie should doe * The forme of their standing in Battalia ready for exercise To cause them to face to the right hand is performed by commanding * To the right hand This motion is performed by turning all at once and the same time to the right hand Thus the Front is where the right Flanke was To reduce them to their first forme the word of command is This is performed by turning to the left hand from thence to face them to the left you command This is performed by turning towards the left from hence they are to be reduced by commanding Which they doe by turning to the right Now to face them to the Reare though it be most proper to doe it by the right hand yet for the more ready way you must command This is performed by turning towards the left hand untill their faces Front to that place which was before the Reare To reduce them to their first forme the word of Command is Every other ranke passeth into the rank before them upon the right hand of his leader To reduce them the word of Command is Which is best done by causing those rankes which doubled to stand and those which stood to advance This motion differs nothing from the former onely where as before they doubled to the right now they double to the left hand of their Leaders To reduce them the word of Command is To performe this the second File passeth into the first every man behinde his sideman this must be done throughout the Company at one instant the o are the places where the Files that removed did stand They are reduced by commanding The difference betweene this and the former motion is the difference of hands so that those Files that before moved are now to stand view the Figure They are reduc't by commanding To performe this the middlemen double the first ranke on the right hand the other two Rankes double the two folowing Rankes as is manifest in the Figure To reduce them the word is But in regard of the combersomnesse of the horse in turning to cause them that double to stand and the first division to advance This motion onely differs from the former in the hand The reducing of them is shewed in the former motion In this motion the last Ranke passeth into the first and so successively as the Figure demonstrates it They are reduced by saying For the convenient turning of the horse it is best to beginne with the left hand This Figure is after the Corean manner There are divers other formes of countermarching which are to be performed as well by Rankes as by Files as the Lacedemonian and Macedonian but in regard of brevity they are here omitted All the Files are to close from the right and left towards the middle of the body Note when you intend to wheele your Files must first be closed and then the Rankes and when you command them to open againe the Rankes are first and then the Files To performe this all the Rankes move forwards saving the first which standeth the second ranke being advanc't up to its distance stands so all the rest When the horses are to wheele the Commander must take a reasonable Compasse for they cannot possibly doe it in such exact manner as the foote for they must be allowed a farre greater space in regard of the combersomenes of the horse To performe this motion all the body moveth to the left upon the left file leader as the Center The wheeling to the left hand is the readiest way unlesse some impediments hinders wherefore that is first nominated although it bee more proper to begin with the right the wheeling to the right is for brevity omitted To reduce them wheele to the right hand as you were There is also wheeling to the right or left about wheeling wings into the front they are here omited for brevitie To reduce them into their first order first the Rankes are to be opened then the files In opening the rankes the best way is to doe it by opening forwards It was attributed to Iason Foure kindes of Rhombes â— described Euelide defineth a Rhombe to be a square Figure that hath the sides equall but the Angles not right viz. the foure-sides of the square are of one and the same length but the points which make the Angles are two of them stretched out in length and become more sharpe the other two are more blunt than a Tetragonall square A Rhombe neither filing nor ranking The Thess alonians used this forme of imbattelling their Troopes The termes used by Commanders in former ages as Pâ—li l. 4. 217. A Rhombe ranking but not filing Leo Chap. 5. Sect. 3. and Cap. 6. Sect. 39. Leo Cap 7. Sect. 81 Cap. 14. Sect. 70. Leo Cap 14. Sect. 108 109. Plutarch in Liâ—urgo Leo Cap. 12. Sect. 4â— Their horse Troopes charged the Enemy in Phalang and not by rankes as we doe Leo ibidem reade Bingham upon Aliâ—ns Tacticks pag. 106. Caesar against Pompey did the like and Eâ—aâ—mondas against the Lacedemonians Soâ—e Generalls have 〈…〉 range 〈…〉 second 〈…〉 by a large 〈…〉 â—ront 〈…〉 but 〈…〉 Flank◠〈…〉 battell to 〈…〉 Inâ—anâ—ry Not to charge the enemies foote Troopes
with your horse untill you have put their horse to a retreate or routed them unlesse a great advantage be offred The convenient time of advantage for the Cavalry to charge foot Troopes How to charge the Enemies foote being provided for your assault Not to charge the enemy upon disadvantages How to take an advantage of the Enemy in fight severall wayes The manner of the Horse Troopes giving fire and falling off The great advantage a few Troopes of horse may have against an Enemie in his quarters upon an onslaught 〈◊〉 use of Musqueâ—â—â—â— amongst Horse 〈…〉 upon an onslâ—ught Some have put their shirts over their armes or handkerchiefâ—s in their head-peeces or gluâ—d white paper upon their breasts and backes You must cause the feeting of â—our Horse to be defaced at the place where you left the waâ— if it be dusty by drawing of Bowes The order of laâ—ing of ambuscadoes to surprise the Enemie You must search all suspected places neere your ambush least the Enemie should have layed one before you The Souldiers must not know that any of your Troopes are to follow them least any of them should be taken prisoner should reveale the designe The foote must take heede they be not discovered untill the Enemie be come up to them How to charge an Enemie retreating It is dangerous to engage a whole Troope at once because if they be once disordered there is no helpe but confusion Note the Battalias which are plac'd beâ—ind the shot consist but of 36. horse in each and the shot that line the horse consist of 60. after this proportion a greater number may be ordered Lib. 1. Pag. â—0 Lib. 5. pag. 83. 85. Lib. 4. Histor. Caesarum Invita August sub finem Lib. 2. verâ—r narrat ubi nihil veri contin In Simâ— oâ—io In Conviv Câ—s. The Petard to blow open Ports and Portcullisses Note the end of the Carriage of the Petard is to have a Ballance that it may lye even upoÌ„ the wheeles and being put home to the Port the hindmost end is to bee strongly barricadoed that it may not reverse The knob or Snoute is in stead of a handle to put the Granado in the Morter the screw-hole is to goe next the Powder for the better firing it Note some Granadoes are made of Canvasse with divers Pistoll-barrels charged with powder and bullets and covered over There are of these kindes made of Earth and Glasse Note that Flaxe or Towe Hurds is best to dip into the Composition and to winde about the Hoope or Rope ends This Frame may bee made onely with the Barrels of Musquets without stockes to them the manner how to order them any ingenuous wit will conceive of The hole must be of a Mortice wimbles Boâ—e Some Pallizadoes have two Pikes right forwards and two slenting forward on each side Many times some of these Gabions are sixe foot Diameter These small Baskets are used to carry up earth to the toppe of a worke upon Souldiers shoulders Bona Ducis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quinque sâ—â—entia virtus providentia authoritas fortuna Lip sol l. 5. Tiberius hortabatur Senatum ut eligeret Proconsulem in Bello contra Tacfarinatem gnarum militiae corpore validum Bello suffecturum Tac. hist. l. 3. Non erunt honores unquam â—ortuiti muneris Aus fol. 92. Iudges 6. 36. 2 Kings 20. 8. Socrates Scholast Samuel 10. vers 9. Not that famous Hannibal that poysoned himselfe Scâ—â—â—erberg practised this against the Turke and overcame him Machiavill taxeth this for a great Solecisme in Sâ—ate Princeps optimus saciendo docet cumque sit imperio maximus exempâ—o major est Valet l. 2. Iâ—lus in Duce repones quà m in Exercitu Prob. dâ—â—â—per Vnus homâ— pluris quà m â—niversa Civitas Tac. de Mor. Geâ— Fortuna vitrca est cum splendet fâ—angitur Vincere scis Hannibal uti victoriâ nescis Prob. de Han. In Milite uniuâ— sors est in Imperatore universorum periculum Egesip Dubus praeliorum exempâ—us summam rerum imperu scipsum reservat Tacâ— lib. 11. Sâ—etit sub Ajacis clipco septemplice tâ—ctus Hom. Odys 9. Exomni vita simulatio dissimulatioque tollenda Cic. l. 2. Sanctitas sictas sides privata bona sunt Sen. Thyest. Nescit imperare qui nescit dissimulare Sigism Imper. Malum sub lingua non in lingua habens Greg. Simplicitas ac liberalitas ni adsit modâ—s in exitum verâ—untur â—acit Hist. 3. Medicus in desperatione â—ubernâ—â—â—â— in tempestate cognoscitur Horum omnium famam praecedentia pericula extollunt Sid. App. 8. Faire bonne mine en mavaiâ— jeu Pro. Gal. Qâ—ò timoris minùs est eò minùs fermè periculiest Liv. l. 2â— â—onus animus in re mala dimidium est maâ—â— Plaut Pseud. Flexuâ—sum occultum hominis ingenium cujus vis propriè in arte solertiaque est posita aptior tamen ad cavendos quà m metuendos â—ostes Eront praef Nemo celerius opprimitur quà m qui nihil timet Vel. l. 2. Is qui nil dubitat nil capit inde boni Gram. vulg Si nihil velis timere metuâ—s omnia Senec. Sent. Quod nimis miseri volunt hoc faci'è credunt Seneca Omnia audens contemnitâ—r nil temerè agens metuitur Liv. lib. 24. Dimidium facti qui bene coepit habet Hor. lib. 1. ep 2. Bonum principium dimidium totius Pro. lat Fama in novis coeptis validissima est Tac. An. 13. Primis eventibus metus aut fiducia gigâ—itur Idem An. 12. Nun quam bonos fortesque misâ—tes habebis nisi haec duo veâ—â—t instrumenta adâ—ibeas delectum disciplinam Lip Pol. l. 5. Multitudâ—â—â— viâ—es habet sed pondus Senâ— c. De vita regno velut ad casum alcae periclâ—tari stuâ—titiâ— est vanitas Stobaeus Fortunam inter dubia virtutem inter certa numerare Tac. de Ger. Verum si incipias neque terficias gnaviter nihilo plus agas quà m si des operam ut cum ratione insaniaâ— quod ille de amoreidem de bello Terent. Eun. Mars communis victum saepe erigit affligit victorem Liv. Lib. 28. Et fractis rebus violentior ultima virtus Sil. Lib. 1. Instandum famae nam prout prima cesserint succedunt universa Tacit. lib. 12. Non mimâ—s famâ quà m vi stant res principum Tac. An. 3. La bonne reputation d'un Chiefe est caused un grand bien pur son Armec Plut. Phoc. Inter scopulos quibus illidi ac frangi Reipub. Navis solet prima 〈◊〉 fiduciaâ— occurriâ— Lip Pol. lib. 3. Credulitas pariter ac diffidentia perdiderunt homines Hesiod Lib 1. Tutissimum est inserre cum timeas gradum Quand on void venir le danger â—â—faut gaignerle devant ne 〈…〉 mal sei fâ—it poâ—ry donner ordre Aâ— Pâ—ud Provocando tuis auges confidentiam adversariis minâ—â—â— quia fortiores videntur qui provocâ—re non dubitant Liv. Ars viâ—cendi bellandi est prudentia