hill_n nor_o yet_o spare_v the_o open_a side_n and_o the_o matter_n bring_v to_o a_o narrow_a issue_n without_o any_o mean_n or_o succour_n to_o relieve_v they_o he_o take_v a_o target_n from_o one_o of_o the_o hindmost_a soldier_n for_o he_o himself_o be_v come_v thither_o without_o one_o and_o press_v to_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n call_v the_o centurion_n by_o name_n and_o encourage_v the_o rest_n command_v the_o ensign_n to_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o maniple_n to_o be_v enlarge_v that_o they_o may_v with_o great_a facility_n and_o readiness_n use_v their_o sword_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o publius_n sextus_n baculus_fw-la be_v the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o the_o 12_o legion_n primipile_n be_v the_o first_o centurion_n of_o that_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarij_fw-la that_o be_v of_o the_o first_o cohort_n in_o that_o legion_n for_o that_o place_n be_v the_o great_a dignity_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o centurion_n and_o therefore_o he_o 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concern_v the_o office_n and_o title_n of_o p._n s._n baculus_fw-la the_o second_o observation_n and_o here_o i_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o give_v the_o target_n any_o honour_n i_o may_v describe_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v take_v occasion_n to_o describe_v it_o in_o caesar_n hand_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o much_o honour_v the_o excellency_n thereof_o polybius_n make_v the_o target_n to_o contain_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n overthwart_v the_o convexsurface_n thereof_o and_o the_o length_n four_o foot_n of_o what_o form_n or_o fashion_n soever_o they_o be_v of_o for_o the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o target_n among_o their_o legionarie_n the_o first_o carry_v the_o proportion_n of_o that_o figure_n which_o the_o geometrician_n call_v ouall_n a_o figure_n of_o a_o unequal_a latitude_n broad_a in_o the_o midst_n and_o narrow_a at_o both_o the_o end_n like_v unto_o a_o egg_n describe_v in_o plano_n the_o other_o sort_n be_v of_o a_o 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upon_o the_o wood_n be_v present_o contract_v and_o shut_v up_o again_o but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o target_n be_v of_o such_o reputation_n among_o the_o roman_a arm_n and_o challenge_v such_o interest_n in_o the_o great_a of_o their_o empire_n let_v we_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o use_n and_o commodity_n thereof_o which_o can_v be_v better_a understand_v then_o by_o that_o conference_n which_o polybius_n have_v make_v between_o the_o weapon_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o macedonian_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v it_o good_a to_o insert_v it_o in_o these_o discourse_n and_o thus_o it_o follow_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o macedonian_a weapon_n i_o promise_v in_o my_o six_o book_n that_o i_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o weapon_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o macedonian_n and_o that_o i_o will_v likewise_o write_v of_o the_o disposition_n of_o either_o of_o their_o army_n how_o they_o do_v differ_v one_o 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do_v attribute_v the_o same_o to_o fortune_n and_o esteem_v they_o without_o reason_n happy_a victor_n but_o rather_o look_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n we_o give_v they_o their_o due_a praise_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o reason_n and_o sound_a judgement_n concern_v the_o battle_n between_o hannibal_n and_o the_o roman_n and_o concern_v the_o roman_n their_o loss_n there_o be_v no_o need_n that_o i_o speak_v much_o for_o their_o loss_n be_v neither_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o defect_n of_o their_o arm_n or_o disposition_n of_o their_o army_n but_o to_o the_o dexterity_n and_o industry_n of_o hannibal_n but_o we_o have_v entreat_v thereof_o when_o we_o make_v mention_v of_o the_o battle_n themselves_o and_o the_o end_n itself_o of_o that_o war_n do_v especial_o confirm_v this_o our_o opinion_n for_o when_o they_o have_v get_v a_o captain_n equal_a with_o hannibal_n even_o consequent_o with_o all_o his_o victory_n vanish_v and_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o overcome_v the_o roman_n but_o by_o and_o by_o reject_v his_o own_o weapon_n he_o train_v his_o army_n to_o their_o weapon_n and_o so_o take_v they_o up_o in_o the_o beginning_n he_o continue_v they_o on_o unto_o the_o end_n and_o pyrrhus_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n do_v use_v both_o their_o weapon_n and_o order_n and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o medley_n both_o of_o the_o cohort_n and_o phalanx_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o serve_v he_o not_o to_o get_v the_o victory_n but_o always_o the_o event_n by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o make_v the_o same_o doubtful_a concern_v who_o it_o be_v not_o unfit_a that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o lest_o in_o be_v altogether_o silent_a it_o may_v seem_v to_o prejudice_n this_o my_o opinion_n but_o notwithstanding_o i_o will_v hasten_v to_o my_o purpose_a comparison_n now_o touch_v the_o phalanx_n if_o it_o have_v the_o disposition_n and_o force_n proper_a to_o it_o nothing_o be_v able_a to_o oppose_v itself_o against_o it_o or_o to_o sustain_v the_o violence_n thereof_o as_o may_v easy_o by_o many_o document_n be_v approve_v for_o when_o a_o arm_a man_n do_v stand_v firm_a in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o foot_n in_o so_o thick_a a_o array_n of_o battle_n and_o the_o length_n of_o their_o pike_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o basis_n or_o scantling_n sixteen_o foot_n but_o according_a to_o the_o true_a and_o right_a conveniency_n of_o they_o 14_o cubit_n out_o of_o which_o be_v take_v four_o allow_v for_o the_o space_n between_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o support_v the_o same_o and_o the_o butt_n end_n thereof_o while_o he_o stand_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o attend_v the_o encounter_n be_v thus_o order_v i_o say_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o length_n of_o ten_o cubit_n do_v extend_v itself_o before_o the_o body_n of_o every_o arm_a man_n where_o with_o both_o his_o hand_n he_o do_v advance_v it_o ready_a to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o follow_v that_o some_o of_o the_o pike_n do_v
beast_n of_o the_o wood_n must_v needs_o stand_v at_o gaze_n when_o such_o lion_n rouse_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o den_n and_o be_v then_o very_a watchful_a of_o their_o safety_n when_o they_o know_v the_o instant_n of_o time_n when_o some_o of_o their_o spoil_n must_v needs_o be_v offer_v to_o appease_v their_o fury_n or_o at_o the_o least_o it_o behoove_v they_o so_o to_o have_v deal_v by_o hostage_n and_o treaty_n that_o such_o as_o be_v likely_a and_o best_a able_a to_o cross_v their_o dessignement_n may_v have_v be_v no_o hindrance_n of_o their_o proceed_n consider_v there_o be_v but_o two_o way_n out_o of_o their_o country_n by_o which_o they_o may_v go_v the_o one_o narrow_a and_o difficult_a between_o the_o hill_n jura_n and_o the_o river_n rhone_n by_o the_o country_n of_o the_o sequani_n the_o other_o through_o provence_n far_o easy_a and_o short_a but_o not_o to_o be_v take_v but_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o howsoever_o their_o error_n be_v that_o after_o two_o year_n provision_n to_o go_v and_o have_v make_v a_o exterminate_a decree_n which_o enjoin_v they_o to_o go_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o point_n they_o know_v not_o what_o way_n to_o go_v chap._n iii_o caesar_n deny_v the_o helvetian_n passage_n through_o the_o roman_a province_n he_o fortify_v the_o passage_n between_o the_o hill_n jura_n and_o the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n caesar_n proconsull_n of_o the_o province_n in_o gallia_n caesar_n be_v then_o at_o rome_n and_o hear_v what_o course_n the_o helvetian_n purpose_v to_o take_v make_v great_a journey_n to_o hasten_v into_o the_o province_n lest_o it_o shall_v receive_v any_o detriment_n by_o they_o and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o gather_v what_o force_n he_o can_v at_o his_o first_o arrival_n which_o be_v but_o one_o legion_n and_o cause_v the_o bridge_n at_o geneva_n to_o be_v break_v down_o to_o hinder_v their_o passage_n what_o he_o may_v and_o then_o too_o late_o the_o helvetian_n begin_v to_o perceive_v their_o omission_n for_o find_v themselves_o ready_a to_o depart_v they_o raze_v all_o their_o wall_a town_n be_v twelve_o in_o number_n and_o burn_v 400_o village_n beside_o private_a house_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o corn_n which_o they_o can_v not_o carry_v with_o they_o and_o appoint_v a_o day_n to_o meet_v all_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o rhone_n which_o day_n be_v the_o five_o of_o the_o calende_n of_o april_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o lu._n piso_n and_o a._n gabinius_n at_o their_o arrival_n understand_v of_o the_o resistance_n which_o caesar_n make_v they_o send_v unto_o he_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o tribe_n to_o entreat_v a_o quiet_a passage_n through_o the_o province_n although_o caesar_n be_v resolve_v to_o deny_v they_o their_o passport_n yet_o for_o that_o time_n he_o think_v it_o best_a to_o stand_v doubtful_a of_o a_o answer_n that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o provide_v himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o make_v good_a his_o denial_n if_o it_o be_v refuse_v the_o reason_n that_o move_v he_o to_o deny_v they_o passage_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o overthrow_n which_o l._n cassius_n a_o roman_a consul_n have_v receive_v by_o the_o helvetian_n wherein_o the_o consul_n himself_o be_v slay_v and_o the_o soldier_n sell_v for_o bondslave_n and_o this_o accident_n procure_v their_o hindrance_n for_o two_o respect_n first_o he_o think_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n can_v not_o with_o the_o majesty_n of_o their_o empire_n show_v any_o favour_n to_o a_o nation_n that_o have_v so_o foil_v they_o lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o such_o as_o dare_v make_v head_n against_o their_o army_n and_o buckle_v with_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o legion_n second_o he_o think_v it_o impossible_a that_o the_o helvetian_n have_v lend_v they_o such_o a_o blow_n can_v pass_v through_o their_o province_n without_o further_a violence_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o time_n of_o deliberation_n he_o make_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n from_o the_o hill_n jura_n to_o the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n contain_v 19_o mile_n in_o length_n the_o rampire_n be_v 16_o foot_n high_a with_o a_o answerable_a latitude_n and_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o this_o he_o fortify_v with_o many_o castle_n well_o man_v with_o soldier_n and_o store_v with_o munition_n notwithstanding_o the_o helvetian_n attend_v peaceable_o their_o day_n of_o audience_n and_o then_o return_v and_o receive_v a_o denial_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o manner_n of_o prolong_v of_o time_n to_o renforce_v the_o troop_n or_o get_v some_o other_o advantage_n as_o it_o be_v then_o of_o great_a use_n to_o caesar_n and_o have_v oftentimes_o be_v practise_v to_o good_a purpose_n so_o do_v it_o discover_v to_o a_o circumspect_a enemy_n by_o the_o direction_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n which_o can_v easy_o be_v shadow_v the_o drift_n of_o that_o delay_n and_o so_o invit_v he_o with_o great_a courage_n to_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o that_o present_a advantage_n especial_o if_o tract_n of_o time_n may_v strengthen_v the_o one_o and_o not_o further_o the_o other_o which_o be_v easy_o discern_v by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o request_n of_o the_o helvetian_n seem_v to_o deserve_v a_o facile_a answer_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o than_o nature_n have_v give_v to_o the_o river_n rhone_n which_o be_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o province_n with_o as_o much_o speed_n &_o as_o little_o hurt_v as_o they_o can_v but_o caesar_n look_v further_o into_o the_o matter_n and_o compare_v thing_n already_o past_a with_o occurrence_n that_o be_v to_o follow_v after_o find_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n to_o be_v interest_v in_o the_o answer_n be_v either_o to_o maintain_v her_o greatness_n by_o resist_v her_o enemy_n or_o to_o degenerate_v from_o ancient_a virtue_n by_o gratify_v such_o as_o seek_v her_o ruin_n which_o in_o matter_n of_o state_n be_v thing_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o further_o he_o know_v it_o to_o be_v a_o unsafe_a course_n to_o suffer_v a_o enemy_n to_o have_v mean_n of_o do_v hurt_v consider_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n be_v always_o prone_a to_o load_v he_o with_o further_a wrong_n who_o he_o have_v once_o injure_v not_o but_o that_o he_o can_v peradventure_o be_v content_a to_o end_v the_o quarrel_n upon_o that_o advantage_n but_o fear_v the_o other_o who_o he_o wrong_v to_o expect_v but_o a_o opportunity_n of_o revenge_n he_o get_v what_o advantage_n he_o can_v before_o hand_n and_o so_o cease_v not_o until_o he_o have_v add_v a_o bloody_a end_n to_o a_o injurious_a beginning_n the_o three_o observation_n concern_v this_o marvelous_a fortification_n between_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o lake_n how_o serviceable_a such_o work_n be_v unto_o he_o in_o all_o his_o war_n in_o what_o sort_n and_o in_o how_o small_a time_n they_o be_v make_v i_o will_v defer_v the_o treatise_n of_o they_o until_o i_o come_v to_o the_o height_n of_o alesia_n where_o he_o give_v some_o ground_n of_o that_o hyperbolical_a speech_n a_o i_n deleto_fw-it non_fw-la animaduertebatis_fw-la decem_fw-la habere_fw-la lectas_fw-la quidem_fw-la legiones_fw-la populum_fw-la romanum_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la vobis_fw-la obsister_n sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la coelum_fw-la diruere_fw-la possent_fw-la chap._n four_o the_o helvetian_n fail_v to_o pass_v the_o rhone_n take_v the_o way_n through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o sequani_n caesar_n haste_v into_o italy_n and_o there_o inroll_v more_o legion_n and_o return_v overthrow_v part_n of_o they_o at_o the_o river_n arar_n the_o helvetian_n perceive_v caesar_n determination_n caesar_n resolve_v to_o redeem_v the_o overslip_v they_o have_v commit_v in_o the_o course_n of_o their_o project_n with_o the_o power_n of_o their_o force_n and_o to_o open_v a_o way_n by_o valour_n and_o arm_n where_o peaceable_a entreaty_n have_v no_o passage_n and_o therefore_o they_o endeavour_v some_o by_o boat_n and_o other_o by_o forde_n &_o shallows_n to_o pass_v the_o rhone_n and_o enter_v into_o province_n maugre_o caesar_n and_o his_o legion_n but_o be_v easy_o repelde_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o fortification_n they_o make_v a_o virtue_n of_o necessity_n and_o take_v the_o narrow_a and_o difficult_a way_n through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o sequani_n of_o who_o by_o dumnorix_n intercession_n they_o obtain_v a_o friendly_a thoroughfare_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n haste_v into_o italy_n &_o there_o enrol_v two_o new_a legion_n and_o take_v three_o more_o out_o of_o their_o stand_a camp_n in_o aquileia_n and_o with_o these_o five_o legion_n return_v speedy_o into_o gallia_n at_o his_o return_n he_o understand_v that_o the_o helvetian_n have_v pass_v the_o strait_n and_o be_v now_o sack_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o edui_n a_o state_n that_o have_v always_o deserve_v well_o of_o the_o people_n rf_n rome_n
to_o a_o faithful_a and_o serious_a execution_n of_o such_o a_o action_n to_o prepare_v the_o mind_n of_o their_o man_n with_o word_n of_o encouragement_n and_o to_o take_v away_o all_o scruple_n out_o of_o their_o conceit_n either_o of_o the_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o disadvantage_n against_o the_o enemy_n for_o if_o at_o any_o time_n that_o say_v be_v true_a that_o oratio_fw-la plus_fw-la potest_fw-la quam_fw-la pecunia_fw-la it_o be_v here_o more_o powerful_a and_o of_o great_a effect_n for_o a_o donative_n or_o liberanca_fw-la can_v but_o procure_v a_o mercenary_a endeavour_n ever_o yield_v to_o a_o better_a offer_n and_o do_v oftentimes_o breed_v a_o suspicion_n of_o wrong_n even_o among_o those_o that_o be_v willing_o enrich_v with_o they_o and_o so_o make_v they_o flacke_a to_o discharge_v their_o service_n with_o loyalty_n yea_o oftentimes_o of_o friend_n to_o become_v enemy_n but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o speech_n disclose_v the_o secret_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o 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key_n sound_v it_o never_o so_o grave_o without_o scoff_v and_o derision_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n discontinuance_n of_o so_o necessary_a a_o part_n have_v breed_v at_o length_n such_o a_o inutilem_fw-la pudorem_fw-la in_o our_o chief_a commander_n that_o they_o have_v rather_o loose_v the_o gain_n of_o a_o great_a advantage_n then_o buy_v it_o with_o word_n to_o be_v deliver_v in_o public_a the_o second_o observation_n in_o this_o chapter_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n describe_v which_o be_v a_o heavy_a deadly_a weapon_n can_v hardly_o be_v frustrate_v with_o any_o resistance_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n be_v very_o proper_a and_o effectual_a against_o a_o phalanx_n or_o any_o other_o thick_a and_o close_a battle_n or_o wheresoeever_n else_o the_o stroke_n be_v certain_a or_o can_v hardly_o deceive_v the_o aim_n of_o the_o caster_n for_o in_o such_o encounter_v it_o so_o gall_a the_o enemy_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o keep_v their_o order_n nor_o answer_v the_o assault_n with_o a_o resist_a counterbuff_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o only_a remedy_n against_o the_o pile_n be_v to_o make_v the_o rank_n thin_a allow_v to_o every_o soldier_n a_o large_a podisme_n or_o place_n to_o stand_v in_o that_o so_o the_o stroke_n may_v of_o itself_o fall_v without_o hurt_n or_o by_o foresight_n be_v prevent_v as_o it_o shall_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o note_v as_o the_o place_n shall_v offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o pile_n which_o be_v so_o often_o mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n polybius_n describe_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n a_o pile_n say_v he_o be_v a_o cast_a weapon_n the_o staff_n whereof_o be_v almost_o 3_o cubit_n long_o and_o it_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la a_o hand_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n the_o staff_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n equal_a in_o length_n to_o the_o staff_n itself_o but_o in_o that_o sort_n that_o half_o the_o head_n be_v fasten_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o staff_n with_o plate_n of_o iron_n like_o the_o head_n of_o a_o halberd_n and_o the_o other_o half_o stick_v out_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o staff_n like_o a_o pike_n contain_v a_o finger_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n and_o so_o decrease_v less_o and_o less_o unto_o the_o point_n which_o be_v barb_a this_o head_n be_v so_o slender_a towards_o the_o point_n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o staff_n will_v bend_v it_o as_o it_o stick_v as_o appear_v in_o this_o battle_n of_o the_o helvetian_n this_o weapon_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v call_v pilum_fw-la as_o varro_n note_v of_o pilum_fw-la a_o pestle_n quod_fw-la host_n feriret_fw-la ut_fw-la pilum_fw-la romana_fw-la lipsius_n find_v that_o palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la be_v too_o great_a a_o thickness_n to_o be_v manage_v by_o any_o man_n hand_n interprete_v it_o to_o be_v four_o inch_n in_o circuit_n if_o the_o staff_n be_v either_o round_a or_o square_n for_o they_o have_v of_o both_o sort_n and_o so_o he_o make_v it_o very_o manageable_a but_o nothing_o answerable_a to_o the_o description_n give_v by_o polybius_n either_o in_o form_n or_o weight_n patricius_n in_o his_o paralleli_fw-la make_v the_o staff_n to_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la in_o the_o butt_n end_n 5._o but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o staff_n he_o make_v to_o decrease_v taper_n wise_a unto_o the_o head_n of_o iron_n where_o it_o have_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n and_o so_o it_o answer_v both_o in_o form_n and_o weight_n to_o a_o pestle_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o polybius_n patricius_n in_o that_o place_n set_v down_o four_o discommodity_n of_o the_o pile_n first_o a_o furious_a and_o hot_a spirit_a enemy_n will_v easy_o prevent_v the_o dart_a of_o the_o pile_n with_o a_o nimble_a and_o speedy_a close_o and_o so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o ariovistus_fw-la the_o german_n come_v so_o violent_o upon_o they_o that_o the_o soldier_n cast_v away_o their_o pile_n and_o betake_v they_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o likewise_o in_o that_o worthy_a battle_n between_o catiline_n and_o marcus_n petreius_n sallust_n they_o cast_v away_o their_o pile_n on_o either_o part_n the_o second_o discommodity_n be_v that_o the_o pile_n be_v so_o heavy_a can_v not_o be_v cast_v any_o distance_n but_o be_v only_o serviceable_a at_o hand_n three_o they_o can_v not_o be_v cast_v with_o any_o aim_n or_o as_o they_o say_v point_n blank_a and_o last_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o ground_n backward_o when_o they_o throw_v they_o which_o may_v easy_o disorder_v their_o troop_n if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o well_o experience_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o last_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v in_o this_o speciality_n be_v that_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n have_v no_o other_o offensive_a weapon_n but_o one_o pile_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o their_o sword_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o their_o victory_n come_v by_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n for_o they_o come_v always_o so_o near_o before_o they_o cast_v their_o pile_n that_o they_o leave_v themselves_o no_o more_o time_n than_o may_v convenient_o serve_v they_o to_o draw_v their_o sword_n neither_o will_v their_o arm_n of_o defence_n which_o be_v complete_a beside_o a_o large_a target_n which_o they_o carry_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n suffer_v they_o to_o make_v any_o long_a pursuit_n or_o continue_a chase_n whensoever_o a_o light_a arm_a enemy_n do_v make_v any_o speedy_a retreat_n as_o will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o follow_v chap._n ix_o the_o helvetian_n faint_v in_o
not_o only_o extend_v themselves_o before_o the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n but_o some_o before_o the_o foremost_a if_o the_o phalanx_n have_v his_o proper_a and_o due_a thickness_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a disposition_n both_o on_o the_o side_n and_o behind_o as_o homer_n make_v mention_v when_o he_o say_v that_o one_o target_n do_v enclose_v and_o fortify_v another_o one_o head-piece_n be_v join_v to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v stand_v unite_v and_o close_a together_o these_o circumstance_n be_v right_o and_o true_o set_v down_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o pike_n of_o every_o former_a rank_n in_o the_o phalanx_n do_v extend_v themselves_o two_o cubit_n before_o each_o other_o which_o proportion_n of_o difference_n they_o have_v between_o themselves_o by_o which_o may_v evident_o be_v see_v the_o assault_n and_o impression_n of_o the_o whole_a phalanx_n what_o it_o be_v and_o what_o force_n it_o have_v consist_v of_o 16_o rank_n in_o depth_n or_o thickness_n the_o excess_n of_o which_o number_n of_o rank_n above_o five_o for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v commodious_o couch_v their_o pike_n without_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o former_a the_o point_n of_o they_o not_o be_v long_a enough_o to_o enlarge_v themselves_o beyond_o the_o foremost_a rank_n they_o grow_v utter_o unprofitable_a and_o can_v man_n by_o man_n make_v any_o impression_n or_o assault_v but_o serve_v only_o by_o lay_v their_o pike_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o those_o which_o stand_v before_o they_o to_o sustain_v and_o hold_v up_o the_o sway_v and_o give_v back_o of_o the_o former_a rank_n which_o stand_v before_o they_o to_o this_o end_n that_o the_o front_n may_v stand_v firm_a and_o sure_a and_o with_o the_o thickness_n of_o their_o pike_n they_o do_v repel_v all_o those_o dart_n which_o pass_v over_o the_o head_n of_o those_o that_o stand_v before_o will_v annoy_v those_o rank_n which_o be_v more_o backward_o and_o far_o by_o move_v forward_o with_o the_o force_n of_o their_o body_n they_o do_v so_o press_v upon_o the_o former_a that_o they_o do_v make_v a_o most_o violent_a impression_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o foremost_a rank_n shall_v give_v back_o this_o therefore_o be_v the_o general_a and_o particular_a disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n we_o must_v now_o speak_v on_o the_o contrary_a part_n touch_v the_o property_n and_o difference_n as_o well_o of_o the_o arm_n as_o of_o the_o whole_a disposition_n of_o the_o roman_a battle_n for_o every_o roman_a soldier_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o weapon_n be_v allow_v three_o foot_n to_o stand_v in_o and_o in_o the_o encounter_n be_v move_v man_n by_o man_n every_o one_o cover_v himself_o with_o his_o target_n and_o mutual_o move_v whensoever_o there_o be_v occasion_n offer_v but_o those_o which_o use_v their_o sword_n do_v fight_n in_o a_o more_o thin_a and_o distinct_a order_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o have_v three_o foot_n more_o allow_v they_o to_o stand_v in_o both_o from_o shoulder_n to_o shoulder_n and_o from_o back_n to_o belly_n that_o they_o may_v use_v their_o weapon_n with_o the_o better_a commodity_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o roman_a soldier_n take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o two_o of_o those_o which_o be_v to_o encounter_v he_o of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n so_o that_o one_o romain_n be_v as_o it_o be_v to_o oppose_v himself_o against_o ten_o pike_n which_o pike_n the_o say_v one_o soldior_fw-la can_n neither_o by_o any_o agility_n come_v to_o offend_v or_o else_o at_o handy_a blow_n otherwise_o annoy_v and_o those_o which_o be_v behind_o he_o be_v not_o only_o unable_a to_o repel_v their_o force_n but_o also_o with_o conveniency_n to_o use_v their_o own_o weapon_n whereby_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o battle_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o front_n of_o a_o phalanx_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o violence_n thereof_o if_o it_o have_v his_o due_a and_o proper_a composition_n what_o then_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o roman_n do_v overcome_v and_o that_o those_o that_o do_v use_v the_o phalanx_n be_v void_a of_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n even_o from_o hence_o that_o the_o roman_a army_n have_v infinite_a commodity_n both_o of_o place_n and_o of_o time_n to_o fight_v in_o but_o the_o the_o phalanx_n have_v only_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n whereto_o it_o may_v profitable_o apply_v itself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n that_o their_o enemy_n shall_v encounter_v they_o at_o that_o instant_n especial_o with_o their_o whole_a force_n it_o be_v questionless_a not_o only_o not_o without_o danger_n but_o in_o all_o probability_n likely_a that_o the_o phalanx_n shall_v ever_o carry_v away_o the_o better_a but_o if_o that_o may_v be_v avoid_v which_o be_v easy_o do_v shall_v not_o that_o disposition_n then_o be_v utterlie_o unprofitable_a and_o free_a from_o all_o terror_n and_o it_o be_v far_a evident_a that_o the_o phalanx_n must_v necessary_o have_v plain_a &_o champion_n place_n without_o any_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n as_o ditch_n uneven_a place_n valley_n little_a hill_n and_o river_n for_o all_o these_o may_v hinder_v &_o disjoin_v it_o and_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v a_o plain_a of_o the_o capacity_n of_o 20._o stadia_fw-la much_o less_o more_o where_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v none_o of_o these_o impediment_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v find_v such_o place_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o phalanx_n if_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o come_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n spoil_n and_o sack_v the_o city_n and_o country_n round_o about_o what_o commodity_n or_o profit_n shall_v arise_v by_o a_o army_n so_o order_v for_o if_o it_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o have_v be_v before_o speak_v of_o it_o can_v neither_o relieve_v their_o friend_n nor_o preserve_v themselves_o for_o the_o convoy_n which_o they_o expect_v from_o their_o friend_n be_v easy_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n while_o they_o remain_v in_o those_o open_a place_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n they_o be_v then_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n shall_v find_v the_o phalanx_n in_o such_o place_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o adventure_v itself_o in_o gross_a at_o one_o instant_a but_o will_v by_o little_a &_o little_o retire_v itself_o as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o their_o usual_a practice_n for_o there_o must_v not_o be_v a_o conjecture_n of_o these_o thing_n by_o my_o word_n only_o but_o especial_o by_o that_o which_o they_o do_v for_o they_o do_v not_o so_o equal_o frame_v their_o battle_n that_o they_o do_v assault_v the_o enemy_n altogether_o make_v as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o front_n but_o part_n make_v a_o stand_n and_o part_n charge_v the_o enemy_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o phalanx_n do_v press_v they_o that_o come_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o be_v repel_v the_o force_n of_o their_o order_n be_v dissolve_v for_o whether_o they_o pursue_v those_o that_o retire_v or_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o do_v assault_v they_o these_o do_v disjoin_v themselves_o from_o part_n of_o their_o army_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v a_o gap_n open_v to_o their_o enemy_n staud_v and_o attend_v their_o opportunity_n so_o that_o now_o they_o need_v not_o any_o more_o to_o charge_v they_o in_o the_o front_n where_o the_o force_n of_o the_o phalanx_n consist_v but_o to_o assault_v where_o the_o breach_n be_v make_v both_o behind_o and_o upon_o the_o side_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o roman_a army_n may_v keep_v his_o due_a propriety_n and_o disposition_n the_o phalanx_n by_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a do_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_o demonstrate_v the_o difference_n to_o be_v great_a between_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o necessity_n impose_v upon_o a_o army_n which_o be_v to_o march_v through_o place_n of_o all_o nature_n to_o encamp_v themselves_o to_o possess_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o besiege_v and_o to_o be_v besiege_v and_o also_o contrary_a to_o expectation_n sometime_o to_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o all_o these_o occasion_n necessary_o accompany_v a_o army_n and_o oftentimes_o be_v the_o especial_a cause_n of_o victory_n to_o which_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a or_o convenient_a forasmuch_o as_o neither_o in_o their_o general_a order_n nor_o in_o their_o particular_a disposition_n without_o a_o convenient_a