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end_n hand_n hold_v left_a 2,273 5 10.0216 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A77649 The description and use of the carpenters-rule: together with the use of the line of numbers (inscribed thereon) in arithmetick and geometry. And the application thereof to the measuring of superficies and solids, gaging of vessels, military orders, interest and annuities: with tables of reduction, &c. : To which is added, the use of a (portable) geometrical sun-dial, with a nocturnal on the backside, for the exact and ready finding the hour of the day and night: and other mathematical conclusions. Also of a universal-dial for the use of seamen or others. With the use of a sliding or glasiers-rule and Mr. White's rule for solid measure. / Collected and fitted to the meanest capacity by J. Browne. Brown, John, philomath.; Gaywood, Richard, fl. 1650-1680. 1667 (1667) Wing B5039D; ESTC R173095 73,644 256

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they_o be_v only_o whole_a hour_n but_o in_o large_a dial_n there_n may_v be_v put_v half_n and_o quarter_n and_o then_o there_o be_v 8_o prick_v hour_n line_n for_o 12_o be_v the_o last_o need_v no_o prick_n for_o distinction_n and_o they_o be_v figure_v above_o the_o aequinoctial_a with_o 6.7.8.9.10.11.12_o and_o under_o the_o tropique_n with_o 8._o 7._o 6.5.4.3.2.1.12_o for_o the_o same_o line_n have_v two_o figure_n viz._n 4_o &_o 8_o 7_o &_o 5_o 6_o &_o 6_o 5_o &_o 7_o 4_o &_o 8_o 3_o &_o 9_o 2_o &_o 10_o 1_o &_o 11_o 12_o &_o 12._o that_o be_v the_o same_o line_n that_o be_v for_o 4_o in_o the_o morning_n be_v for_o 8_o at_o night_n and_o the_o like_a be_v both_o for_o winter_n and_o summer_n the_o reason_n be_v look_v how_o high_a the_o sun_n be_v at_o 7_o in_o the_o morning_n so_o high_a be_v it_o at_o 5_o in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o the_o like_a 7._o those_o line_n that_o descend_v from_o the_o aequinoctial_a towards_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o winter_n hour_n and_o be_v figure_v above_o as_o before_o but_o below_o with_o 12.1.2.3_o for_o in_o the_o short_a day_n the_o sun_n set_v before_o 4_o and_o in_o large_a dial_n there_o be_v half_n and_o quarter_n also_o and_o distinguish_v as_o before_o but_o of_o whole_a hour_n at_o the_o tropique_n there_o be_v but_o 4_o but_o at_o the_o aequinoctial_a there_o be_v 6_o and_o a_o point_n represent_v the_o hour_n of_o 6._o 8._o and_o last_o in_o the_o spare_a room_n beyond_o the_o aequinoctial_a you_o have_v set_v a_o perpetual_a almanac_n whereby_o if_o you_o know_v the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n you_o may_v find_v the_o day_n of_o the_o week_n and_o the_o contrary_n also_o in_o some_o almanac_n you_o have_v the_o dominical_a letter_n leap-year_n and_o epact_n to_o find_v the_o moons-age_n the_o large_a and_o uppermost_a of_o which_o rank_n of_o figure_n be_v the_o 12_o month_n the_o next_o 5_o be_v the_o 31_o day_n of_o the_o month_n and_o the_o rest_n if_o any_o be_v be_v according_a to_o their_o name_n thus_o much_o for_o description_n one_o thing_n more_o i_o think_v convenient_a to_o hint_n to_o make_v it_o serve_v for_o all_o fashion_n of_o dial_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o it_o be_v this_o some_o dial_n of_o this_o kind_n have_v the_o calendar_n of_o month_n and_o day_n on_o the_o backside_n in_o 1_o 2_o or_o 4_o circle_n and_o line_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n rise_v true_a place_n and_o amplitude_n and_o the_o right_a ascension_n and_o the_o use_n be_v only_o thus_o lay_v a_o thread_n on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n and_o the_o centre_n and_o it_o cut_v or_o show_v all_o the_o other_o in_o their_o respective_a line_n it_o be_v so_o easy_a and_o also_o not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n i_o shall_v not_o give_v any_o example_n but_o come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o foreside_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n the_o thing_n promise_v note_v also_o that_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o on_o line_n it_o be_v make_v to_o serve_v for_o all_o latitude_n also_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o very_a strong_a and_o handsome_a tobacco-box_n chap._n ii_o the_o use_n of_o the_o dial._n prob._n 1._o how_o to_o hold_v the_o dial_n in_o time_n of_o observation_n hang_v the_o string_n of_o the_o dial_n over_o your_o thumb_n on_o your_o left_a hand_n or_o you_o may_v hold_v it_o between_o your_o thumb_n and_o the_o middle_n of_o your_o forefinger_n and_o stretch_v your_o 4_o finger_n straight_o out_o and_o let_v the_o dial_n hang_v at_o liberty_n just_o touch_v the_o palm_n of_o your_o hand_n that_o it_o may_v be_v steady_a then_o turn_v your_o whole_a body_n about_o till_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o dial_n or_o your_o finger_n end_n be_v just_a against_o the_o sun_n then_o shall_v you_o see_v the_o shadow_n of_o any_o thing_n stick_v in_o the_o centre_n though_o never_o so_o short_a to_o reach_v quite_o through_o the_o dial_n and_o then_o it_o be_v hold_v right_o prob._n 2._o to_o find_v the_o sun_n altitude_n stick_v a_o pin_n the_o small_a the_o better_o in_o the_o centre_n and_o hold_v it_o up_o as_o before_o and_o the_o shadow_n will_v show_v on_o the_o limb_n the_o sun_n altitude_n require_v example_n at_o 8_o of_o the_o clock_n on_o the_o 11_o of_o june_n in_o the_o morning_n i_o will_v know_v the_o sun_n altitude_n i_o hold_v it_o up_o as_o before_o and_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 36.46_o that_o be_v 36_o degree_n and_o 46_o minute_n each_o degree_n be_v 60_o minute_n as_o in_o the_o table_n of_o reduction_n prob._n 3._o to_o find_v the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o its_o shadow_n by_o the_o line_n of_o shadow_n hold_v up_o the_o dial_n by_o the_o thread_n as_o before_o and_o look_v on_o what_o division_n of_o the_o line_n shadow_n the_o shadow_n of_o the_o pin_n cut_v that_o be_v the_o true_a height_n or_o length_n of_o the_o shadow_n by_o which_o to_o get_v the_o height_n of_o any_o perpendicular_a thing_n or_o the_o very_a top_n of_o any_o lean_a thing_n that_o cause_v the_o shadow_n example_n on_o the_o same_o 11_o of_o june_n at_o near_o 9_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n i_o hold_v up_o my_o dial_n and_o i_o find_v the_o shadow_n to_o fall_v just_a on_o 1_o on_o the_o line_n of_o shadow_n or_o 45_o on_o the_o degree_n therefore_o i_o say_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o object_n that_o cause_v the_o shadow_n and_o the_o shadow_n be_v both_o of_o one_o length_n but_o if_o it_o have_v fall_v on_o 2_o that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o right_a shadow_n than_o the_o object_n be_v but_o half_o the_o length_n of_o the_o shadow_n measure_v upon_o a_o level_a ground_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o shadow_n to_o right_v under_o the_o object_n that_o cause_v the_o shadow_n if_o it_o fall_v on_o 3_o the_o shadow_n be_v 3_o time_n as_o long_o as_o the_o thing_n be_v and_o so_o to_o 12_o to_z 12_o time_n long_o and_o the_o stroke_n between_o note_n one_o ten_o 2_o ten_o 3_o ten_o &c._n &c._n more_o but_o if_o it_o fall_v beyond_o 1_o on_o contrary_a shadow_n than_o the_o shadow_n be_v short_a according_o as_o will_v appear_v very_o plain_a with_o a_o little_a practice_n or_o rather_o thus_o by_o the_o number_n count_n the_o middle_n 1_o on_o the_o rule_n as_o 1_o at_o 45_o on_o the_o dial_n then_o if_o the_o sun_n be_v under_o 45_o count_v they_o on_o the_o rule_n towards_o 10_o and_o if_o above_o 45_o the_o contrary_a then_o as_o the_o part_n cut_v be_v to_o the_o middle_n 1_o so_o be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o shadow_n to_o the_o altitude_n require_v prob._n 4._o the_o use_n of_o the_o quadrat_fw-la to_o use_v the_o quadrat_fw-la you_o must_v have_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o horizontal_a line_n and_o also_o some_o where_n in_o the_o dial_n square_a from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o horizontal_a line_n also_o you_o must_v have_v a_o thread_n and_o plummet_n than_o the_o use_n be_v thus_o stick_v a_o pin_n in_o the_o centre_n and_o thereon_o hang_v the_o plummet_n than_o put_v a_o pin_n in_o the_o other_o whole_a that_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizontal_a line_n and_o just_a over_o the_o centre_n and_o hold_v up_o the_o dial_n in_o your_o right_a hand_n and_o make_v the_o string_n to_o play_v even_o by_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o dial_n when_o you_o see_v the_o object_n right_o against_o both_o the_o pin_n then_o observe_v what_o stroke_n be_v cut_v by_o the_o thread_n on_o the_o line_n of_o quadrat_fw-la or_o shadow_n for_o that_o may_v be_v use_v so_o also_o for_o if_o you_o go_v backward_o or_o forward_o till_o you_o make_v the_o thread_n to_o fall_v on_o 1_o in_o the_o shadow_n or_o on_o 50_o in_o the_o quadrat_fw-la then_o be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o house_n steeple_n tree_n or_o the_o like_a equal_a to_o the_o distance_n between_o you_o and_o it_o add_v the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n to_o it_o but_o if_o it_o have_v fall_v on_o 25_o of_o the_o quadrat_fw-la or_o 2_o on_o the_o shadow_n than_o the_o distance_n have_v be_v twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o height_n if_o right_a shadow_n but_o for_o contrary_a shadow_n the_o contrary_a i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o to_o this_o only_o give_v you_o a_o caution_n that_o if_o you_o look_v from_o the_o height_n of_o any_o place_n downward_o than_o you_o must_v put_v that_o pin_n next_o the_o centre_n to_o your_o eye_n and_o look_v downward_o to_o your_o object_n and_o then_o the_o side_n which_o before_o be_v right_a shadow_n will_v become_v contrary_a shadow_n and_o the_o contrary_n note_v one_o thing_n further_o that_o if_o your_o instrument_n be_v a_o sextance_n or_o a_o circle_n and_o you_o can_v have_v all_o the_o
distance_n shall_v reach_v from_o the_o three_o to_o the_o four_o proportional_a example_n divide_v the_o space_n between_o 9_o and_o 72_o in_o three_o part_n that_o three_o part_n shall_v reach_v from_o 8_o to_o 4_o or_o from_z 4_o to_z 8_o as_o the_o question_n be_v propound_v either_o augment_v or_o diminish_v also_o if_o a_o cube_fw-la who_o side_n be_v 6_o inch_n contain_v 216_o inch_n how_o many_o inch_n shall_v a_o cube_fw-la contain_v who_o side_n be_v 12_o inch_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 6_o to_o 12_o that_o extent_n measure_v from_o 216_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o line_n of_o number_n three_o time_n shall_v at_o last_o fall_n upon_o 1728_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o line_n of_o number_n for_o note_n if_o you_o have_v begin_v on_o the_o second_o part_n you_o will_v at_o three_o time_n turn_v have_v fall_v beyond_o the_o end_n of_o the_o line_n and_o the_o contrary_a as_o above_o hold_v here_o in_o square_n also_o prob._n 8._o betwixt_o two_o number_n give_v to_o find_v a_o mean_a arithmetical_o proportional_a this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o line_n of_o number_n nevertheless_o because_o it_o serve_v to_o find_v the_o next_o follow_v i_o shall_v here_o insert_v it_o though_o i_o think_v to_o pass_v both_o this_o and_o the_o next_o over_o in_o silence_n yet_o to_o set_v forth_o the_o excellency_n of_o number_n i_o have_v set_v they_o down_o and_o the_o rule_n be_v this_o add_v half_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o give_v term_n to_o the_o lesser_a of_o they_o and_o that_o aggregate_v or_o sum_n be_v the_o arithmetical_a mean_v require_v example_n let_v 20_o and_o 40_o be_v the_o term_n give_v now_o if_o you_o subtract_v one_o out_o of_o the_o other_o their_o difference_n be_v 60_o who_o half_a difference_n 30_o add_v to_o 20_o the_o lesser_a term_n make_v 50_o and_o that_o be_v the_o arithmetical_a mean_v seek_v prob._n 9_o betwixt_o two_o number_n give_v to_o find_v a_o mean_a musical_o proportional_a multiply_v the_o difference_n to_o the_o term_n by_o the_o lesser_a term_n and_o add_v likewise_o the_o sa●●e_a term_n together_o this_o do_v if_o you_o divide_v that_o product_n by_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o term_n and_o to_o the_o quotient_a add_v the_o lesser_a term_n that_o last_o sum_n be_v the_o music●●_n mean_v require_v or_o short_a thus_o multiply_v the_o term_n one_o by_o another_o and_o divide_v the_o product_n by_o their_o sum_n and_o the_o quotient_a double_a be_v the_o musical_a mean_v require_v example_n the_o number_n give_v be_v 8_o and_o 12_o multiply_v together_o make_v 96_o that_o divide_v by_o 20_o the_o sum_n of_o 8_o and_o 12_o the_o quotient_n be_v 4_o 80_o which_o double_v be_v 9-6_a 10_o the_o musical_a mean_v require_v this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n otherwise_o thus_o find_v the_o arithmetical_a mean_n between_o 8_o and_o 12_o and_o then_o the_o analogy_n or_o agreement_n be_v thus_o as_o the_o arithmetical_a mean_v find_v be_v to_o the_o great_a term_n so_o be_v the_o lesser_a term_n to_o the_o musical_a mean_v require_v prob._n 10._o betwixt_o two_o number_n give_v to_o find_v a_o mean_a geometrical_o proportional_a divide_v the_o space_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n between_o the_o two_o extreme_a number_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o the_o point_n will_v stay_v at_o the_o mean_a proportional_a require_v so_o the_o extreme_a number_n be_v 8_o and_o 32_o the_o middle_a point_n between_o they_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 16._o prob._n 11._o betwixt_o two_o number_n give_v to_o find_v two_o mean_n geometrical_o proportional_a divide_v the_o space_n between_o the_o two_o extreme_a number_n into_o 3_o equal_a part_n and_o the_o two_o middle_a point_n divide_v the_o space_n shall_v show_v the_o two_o mean_a proportional_n as_o for_o example_n let_v 8_o and_o 27_o be_v two_o extreme_n the_o two_o mean_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 12_o and_o 18_o which_o be_v the_o two_o mean_n seek_v for_o prob._n 12._o to_o find_v the_o square_a root_n of_o any_o number_n under_o 1000000._o the_o square_a root_n of_o every_o number_n be_v always_o the_o mean_a proportional_a between_o 1_o and_o that_o number_n for_o which_o you_o will_v find_v a_o square_a root_n but_o yet_o with_o this_o general_a caution_n if_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o number_n be_v even_o that_o be_v 2_o 4_o 6_o 8_o 10_o etc._n etc._n then_o you_o must_v look_v for_o the_o unit_fw-la or_o one_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o line_n and_o the_o number_n in_o the_o second_o part_n and_o the_o root_n in_o the_o first_o part_n or_o rather_o reckon_v 10_o at_o the_o end_n to_o be_v the_o unit_fw-la and_o then_o both_o root_n and_o square_n will_v fall_v backward_o towards_o the_o middle_n in_o the_o second_o length_n or_o part_n of_o the_o line_n but_o if_o they_o be_v odd_a than_o the_o middle_a one_o will_v be_v most_o convenient_a to_o be_v count_v the_o unity_n and_o both_o root_n and_o square_n will_v be_v find_v from_o thence_o forward_o towards_o 10._o so_o that_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n the_o square_a of_o 9_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 3_o the_o square_a of_o 64_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 8_o the_o square_a of_o 144_o to_o be_v 12._o the_o square_a of_o 1444_o to_o be_v 38._o the_o square_a of_o 57600_o to_o be_v 240._o the_o square_a of_o 972196_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 986._o and_o so_o for_o any_o other_o number_n now_o to_o know_v of_o how_o many_o figure_n any_o root_n ought_v to_o consist_v put_v a_o prick_n under_o the_o first_o figure_n the_o three_o the_o five_o and_o the_o seven_o if_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o look_v how_o many_o prick_n so_o many_o figure_n there_o must_v be_v in_o the_o root_n prob._n 13._o to_o find_v the_o cubique_a root_n of_o a_o number_n under_o the_o cubique_a root_n be_v always_o by_o the_o first_o of_o two_o mean_a proportional_n between_o 1_o and_o the_o number_n give_v and_o therefore_o to_o be_v find_v by_o divide_v the_o space_n between_o 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