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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06400	The whole course of chirurgerie wherein is briefly set downe the causes, signes, prognostications & curations of all sorts of tumors, wounds, vlcers, fractures, dislocations & all other diseases, vsually practiced by chirurgions, according to the opinion of all our auncient doctours in chirurgerie. Compiled by Peter Lowe Scotchman, Arellian, Doctor in the Facultie of Chirurgerie in Paris, and chirurgian ordinarie to the most victorious and christian King of Fraunce and Nauarre. Whereunto is annexed the presages of diuine Hippocrates.	Lowe, Peter, ca. 1550-ca. 1612.; Hippocrates. Prognostics. English. aut	1597 (1597)	STC 16869.5; ESTC S109645	196,926	302

other as saith Auicen therfore I vse alwaies to wommen a tablet cordiall or else they eate some-what afore The thirde is called Sciatica situated aboue the anckle is opened athwart as ye haue heard good for sciaticks dolors in the thighes and anckles The fourth is called Medium or renall and is situated vnder the bending of the foote and is opened for such maladies as the other Some say that aboue euery knee about three fingers there are two great veines which Arabes call Salsores and say if the ●●ick be bled in them he dyeth presently anh Galen is not of their opinion Thinges which are to bee considered to bleede well FIrst the Chirurgian must be in a light place either naturally or with candle also his owne sight should be good as sayth Haly Abbas and must haue a ligator that goeth twise about the arme an inch broad also hee must haue a tound staffe to hold in his hands in like maner a litle oyle to rub on the veine to make it souple also annoint the lancet with sallet oyle before the blood which will appease the paine he must haue diuers lancets of the which some are large some round pointed when the paine is superficiall also when neede is to make a good issue and euacuation which we vse in putride feuers and when the blood is thick and the sick strong some must be long sharp pointed to open when the veines are deepe and hidden as also to make little issues in small superficiall veines when neede is to make deriuation as if the person spit blood or bleede at the nose The issue you make must bleede long to diuert it we make the issue little in people that are out of their wits that the issue may be soone consolide by reason that such people lose the bandage and oft blod much The incision must be made one of 3 waies to wit in lēgth breadth oblique making alwaies an incisiō in midst of the veine not cutting it altogether which if it be the blood cōmeth not wel but alongst the arme and the extremity of the veines retireth one from another Then let him make the issue as it should be cause the blood come well out rub first the arme thou woldest blod gētly with a hot cloth or thy hand thē knit it with thy legature a little aboue the elbow let the binding be steady show it selfe the better then the sick party shall close his hand that the veines may shew the better thereafter if it be the right arme the Chirurgian shall take it with left hand neare to the part where he intendeth to make the issue holding his thomb on the veine that it stirre not for oftentimes it rolleth and slydeth from the launcet sometime it yeildeth being full of wynd This being done he shall marke the place with the formost finger of the right hand making a little marke with his naile on the verine then he shall take the launcet betwixt the thomb the formost finger in the midst of it and to the end that he tremble not he shall leaue the other three fingers on the arme and leaue the finger and thomb that holdeth the lancet on the left thomb which holdeth the veine then open the veine softly slyding the poynt of it in the veine not suddenly if the vaine be not opened at the first time prick suddenly againe a little aboue or vnder the first ye may do the same if the hole be not great enough to let out the blood in a reasonable quantity The veine opened in that manner the party shall hold the staffe in his hand that he may rest his hand the blood come out the better Hauing drawen such quātity of blood as the cause requireth He shall presse out that which remayneth if there come out any fat as oft happeneth in grosse people thou shalt put it in agayne that done put a pece of c●oth in 3 or 4 fingers double on the wound and wet it in water bynd the arme with a band of an inch broad that goeth 3 or 4 times about the arme winding it about aboue the elbow and vnder that it neyther be too straight nor too slack If the veins be small blood thē after meate rather than before for thē they are more full of blood doe not eat nor drink of an hower after Thinges to bee considered after the veine is opened OFtentimes chanceth after the veine is wel opened that the blood commeth well forth and afterwards suddēly doth cease hapneth through too straight ligature saith Auerrois or else for an apprehēsion somtime through wrong euill situatiō of the arme in these points ye must slack the ligature comfort the party situat the arme right somtime the cause is in the thicknes grossnes of the blod for the which rub the place incised with a litle oyle If the party be weake which shal be knowne by the changing his coulor and the blood running alongst the arme in this yee shall loose the legature close the wound lay the sick on his back cast water in his face vineger to smell to giue him a little wine within a while after loose the band and let him blede till yee haue got such quantitie of blood as shal bee requisite stirre not nor labour thy arme that carrie it in figure triangulare sleepe not two howers after Let the blood stand to know the nature of it for in our bodie there are diuers sorts very vatiable accordinh to the diuersitie of the age the complexion country kinde of the sicknes and partes of the bodie Wee shall iudge the nature and qualitie of the blood three waies first by coulor by the tast and substance As for the color good naturall blood should be red sweete as phlegme naturall and me●ne substance when it congealeth not it is a signe that some of the other humors are with it when it is redde cleare and gluttering it signifieth abundāce of choller whē it is blackish abundance of melancholy naturall or adust which stoppeth it to congeale the fatnes of the blood keepeth it also from congealing Of Arteriotemie or in incision of the Arter LIke as for diuers maladies we blud the veines so we do in some arters Arteriotomia is a detractiō of blood by the diuisiō of the arter which was not vsed by our auntiēts saue onely Menodotus but is greatly in vse now chiefly those in the tēples behind the eares for great fluxion of of catarrs on the eies brest maladies of the head ingēdred of a hot fluxion inueterated vaparous spirrits as are cōtained in these arters In opening them first I shaue the haire rub the part the necke with a napkin as the veine making a little incision in the bodye of the arter as in the veine not cutting it altogether draw such quātity of blod as is needefull then stay it and put on the wound

better Some keepe them ten or twelue dayes chaunging the water once in two or three dayes after the which manner they may be kept a whole yeere in glasses or pottes of earth chaunging the water once in x. dayes wee vse them for the same purpose as scarrifications and in such places where ventouses cannot bee applied as in the lippes gummes legges fundament mouth of the matrix such partes as are emptie of fleshe as nose fingers toes also about olde vlcers and apostumes of the emunctoires and others that are venenous rubbing the parte ye put them on till it grow redde They draw onely superficially the bloud which is in the flesh and so are good pro morbis subter cutaneis if they be applied on the fundament they make euacuation from all the members The part where wee applie them must be cleane otherwise they will not bide thereafter take them with a piece of cleane cloth handle them softly not touching them with the bare hand hold their head to the part you would haue them bite for the more easie doing thereof we put a drop of Pigeons or Chickins blood on the part or pricke the part a little to cause the blood to come out then if you would haue them drawe much cut the endes of them with the sheeres to let the blood runne otherwise when they fall of apply freshe in their place or put on twoo or three in the begining as ye find expedient To make them fall sooner yee shall put a corne of salt or drop of vineger on their heade or a fewe ceudres or seperate them with a horse haire If after the fall the place bleede much wee apply cotton or burnt cloth or cloth wet in cold water or halfe a beane clouen and bound on it If there be venenositie in the part after they fall we foment the place with water and salt sometime a cornet or little ventouse The fourth Chapter of Seton the qualities of it and way to apply it SEton which the Latins call Seta is no other thing but a little cord which in old time was made of haire or thread and now of silk or cloth or wollen yarne is drawen through the skin with a needle for the purpose in sundry parts of our bodies for diuers occasions as ye shall heare First and most commonly we apply it in the neck betwixt the and fift thirde vertebre sometime lower downe and is good to diuert draw away fluxion on the eyes Cattarrs which come from the head and fall on the stomack and gummes lightes back and other parts of the body Secondly we apple it on the nauell when it is swollen with water and humors Thirdly in the codds for waterie tumors contayned in those parts as also for those that are Hydropick Fourthly we apply them on wounds which passe out through for the better euacuation of the matter they are applyed eyther as did our auntients or without fire as now is commonly done for the doing whereof we set the sick in a chaire then one taketk the neck behind or other part where ye will apply it equallie in his hands neyther more on the one side nor the other the one hand lower downe and the other more vpward leauing a space betwixt the hands Then the Chirurgian shall take hold of the same with his pincers for that purpose therafter p●rce it with a sharp needle through both the holes of the pincers being first threaded with the Seton or Cord beware yee prick not the Muscle of the Neck thereafter holding the skin with the pincers cause the sick moue his head so ye shall easily perceiue if the Muscle be taken hold of and if it be let go the gripe and take onely the skin and draw through the Needle and Seton which shal be an ell in length or there-abouts great like a Goose quill take the Needle and let the Seton remaine and rubbe it with digestiue fresh Butter or Cerat Galen with an emplaster of Cerat or such like for Two or Three dayas thereafter Diapalma or Beronica some put onely Woodbynd leaues drawing it a little euery day in the Morning and at Night it being almost neare the end ye shall draw it the other way by this meanes it will serue a Moneth or Sixe weeks When ye will change it sow an other new Seton to the end thereof in such sort that it slipp not in the through going so cut away the old and leaue the new and so continue so long as shal be expedient that is till the humor be well euacuated vsing in the meane time some meete remedies vntill the humor be diuerted intercepted and euacuated Some vse this a yeare or Two according to the greatnes of the disease purge the body afore ye apply it and after it is taken away The fift Chapter of Canters Actuall and Potentiall CAnter called by the Latins Canterinum is a thing which hath vertue to burne rhe fleshe bones or any part where it is applyed whereof there are two sorts to wit actuall and potentiall The actuall is that which actually doth burne and is made of Gold Siluer brasse Iron or Lead in diuers fashions according to the maladie and part where they are applyed as ye haue heard in wounds and vlcers yet most commonly they are vsed for Foure causes first in staunching of blood in veines and arters secondly for Gangrens and Mortification Carbuncles and Bubones excepting alwayes when there is no inflammation in the part thirdly in bones that are rotten for it is enemy to rottennts helpeth the separation of the bones fourthly in maling vlcers and byting of venemous beasts The canter potentiall which the Latins call Canterium Potentiale or Pyroticum is that which hath the force by extreame heate to burne the part where it is applyed but actually as the other and is composed of diuers matter that are for the most part extreame hot like as Cartharide● Vitrioll Tartar Arsnic Orpiment Sublimat strong water oyle of vitrioll Cloues Sage and Brimstone or of dyuers oth●r thinges as the ashes of the Oake or Figge tree of Vines or Beane stalkes quick lyme salt Nitre Armoniack Axungia vi●ri Granley all which ye may vse together or some of them in water which we call Capitellum or Lixiui●um and is eyther strong or weake according to the Ingredientes For the making of the which ye shall take a certaine of these thinges and steepe them in water three or foure dayes sturring it Morning and Euening thē passe it through a cloth seeth it on the fire in a pan of brasse till it be cōgealed to salt which being taken from the fire shal be cut in little peeces and put in glasses close stopt that no ayre enter in The way to make diuers sorts of Canters is thus take the ashes of the vine quick lyme graneley axungia vitri an halfe a pound allom and vitrioll roman of ech

as ye shall heare in the fistula of the fundament· If it end in the bone and it be filed it must bee discouered and handled as ye haue heard in his proper Chapter If it end in the tendons or membranes it is dolorous and the matter sanious and clammie if on the veine or ar●er yee shall perceiue blood All these thinges considered if the callosity cannot be taken away by manu●l operatiō we apply medicamēts caustick as coūsel our auntiēts like as trochisces de aphrodellis or pouder of mercurie auripigmentim or white sope or a tent couered with arsnic or with strōg water or steepe any of them with vineger and distill in the wound that is good where there are many cauities for that liquor goeth through all let it remaine two dayes putting about it refrigeratiues repercussiues some canterize thē with canter actuall Thereafter apply on it to appease the dolor and to cause the scale fall oyle of roses with whites of eggs as ye shal find in the poore mans guide til the gret heate bee past the scale fallen that the fistule voideth matter cōmendable which is a signe that the caule is abolished The 3. point cōsisteth in medicamēts mundifitiues incarnatiues as ye haue heard in vlcer cauernous The 4. point cōsisteth in sarcotices or cicatrisāts as ye haue heard before If the fistule be incurable as ye penetrating to a part principall or such other cause as ye haue heard as also if in curing of it there come a more dāgerous accidēt as in the fundamēt hapneth voluntary eiectiō of the matter fecall or cūuulsion in such we shold not seke the perfit cure but vse palliatines as purgatiōs of the humor pituitous melācholick mūdificatiues to mūdifie the euil flesh matter in the woūd therafter deficcatiues as diachilon iria●ū desiccati uū rubeū diapalma And this is the cure generall of fistules as well by medicamēts as manuell operation so now we will shew the maner to cure those in the fundamēt by manuall operation of the which some are apparent others not hauing no orifice exterior but either within the great pudding or mus●●e sphinter this we iudg by the matter that cōmeth forth also by the dolor or some precedent aposteme in these partes woundes euill cured hemerroil●des 〈◊〉 As for the Cure some vse canter actuall which is in oft dangerous in those parts some counsel to cutte it with a sharpe instrument which is dangerous for the fluxe of bloud and cutteth the fibres of the muscle sphinter which may relaxe the matter fecall at all times Heere I will set downe how by the ligator this may be cured which is more sure easie then any of the foresaid first the patient shall stande on his feete leaning forward either on a bedde or chaire opening his legges and continuing them so till the operation be done Of this situation ye shall aduise more amply with Paulus and Celsus in the meane time the Chirurgian shall put his midmost finger in the fundament to the highest part of the fistule rubbing it first with oyle or butter with the other hand he shall passe a sound in forme of a needle made of siluer lead or gold to the ende it plie the better threed it with a strong threede rubbe it with waxe or medicament causticke so it shall cutte the sooner put the needle in the orifice of the fistule thrusting it alwayes in till thou feele it on the ende of thy finger and if there bee some little membrane betwixt pearce it through with the point of the needle that beeing done thou must plye in a little and drawe it out that way by the fundament knit the threede with a running knot meanely hard and knit it euery day straighter and straighter till it bee consumed If the fistule be hidden that hath orifice interior and none ●●terior it is more difficill yet we dilate it with the specu●ūan● not hurting the sicke so wee perceiue the orifice interior and passe a sound pliable as before in the orifice with a threede turning it till it come to the bottome if it hasse not the force to pearce through wee make an issue on the ende of the sounde and knitte the threede as the other Further wee must consider that fistules which are high aboue or in the ring of the intestine are not to be cutte by reason the sicke shall alwayes auoyde his mattir This operation like as diuers rare operations are most cunningly done by my good friend Iames Hendersome a man very expert in the art of Chirurgerie in Scotland The tenth Chapter of Burnings BEcause of Burning and violent heate come vlcers dolorous and euill to heale therefore I will set downe the way to cure such vlcers Burning is a violence done by the ardor of the fire hotte water or some other hotte licour in diuers partes of our bodie and make many accidents The superficiall are subiect to inflamation the great ones to excoriation and exulceration those which are meane haue little blisters on the skinne in all which is dolor rednesse ardor such like with euident signes apparent to the sight The Cure is if the combustion be great first in the way of life tending to tenuitie next in vniuersall remedies according to the humors which raigne The topicall remedies are diuersified according to the diuersitie of the accidentes Arist in his first probleme counselleth to holde the place burnt to the fire and so one heate draweth forth another Also whites of egges with rose water stay the pustuls those which are superficiall accompanied with inflamation and dolor must be cured with thinges that refresh as whites of egges water vineger housleeke lettuce morrell plantaine henbane solanum roses or the waters hereof distilled and layd on the place with a cloth wette therein Allom and Ceruse dissolued in Camphire water is good these thinges appease the dolor and inflamation and heale the Burne also the blades of leekes or onions peeled with salt and put on healeth it maruailously or lettuce with salt The rootes of lillies fryed in oyle of roses or the leaues sodden will heale it also if there be blisters pearce them if there be vlceration vse remedies lenitiues deficcatiues as this oyle of nuttes onc 3. waxe onc di mixe them together and washe them in plantaine water and lay on it Also leeke leaues sodden in wine or the iuyce of them with vnguent rosat is good if the sore neede mundifiyng take turpentine washed in the decoction of barley a little syrrupe of drie roses with aloes and barley meale The sore beeing mundified cicatrice it with vnguent populeon diapompholigos album rasis emplastium de minio or diacalciteos dissolued in redde wine wette a cloth therein and lay on it The foresaid remedies must be softly applyed not touching it with the hand the oft touching doth iritate and cause fluxion therefore I haue set downe a secrete in the