Wenches use the Decoction of it too frequently when they think they are with Child 'T is good in the Dropsie and Jaundice Take of the Leaves of Asarabacca six seven eight or nine bruise them and pour upon them three Ounces of White-wine strain it Take it in the Morning or at Four in the Afternoon Drink large Draughts of Posset-drink after every time it vomits Or Take of the Powder of the Root one Dram or four Scruples Oxymel of Squils one Ounce and an half mingle them and take it in a draught of Posset-drink Use Posset-drink in the Working of it as above-directed The Ash-tree in Latin Fraxinus The Seed of the Ash powder'd and taken in Wine forces Urine The Juice of three or four Leaves taken every Morning makes those lean that are fat The Bark and the Wood dry and attenuate and are supposed to soften the hardness of the Spleen by a Specifick Quality The Juice of the Leaves and tender Twigs taken in the Morning daily in a small quantity is said to do good in Dropsies One Dram of the Seeds powder'd and taken in Wine is also beneficial in the Dropsie The Salt of it provokes Sweat and Urine Avens in Latin Cariophillata The Root grows oblique sending down sometimes thick Fibres into the Earth 'T is of an Aromatick taste and Smell like July-flowers Several Stalks rise from the same Root two Foot high or higher round hairy small and full of Pith garnish'd with Leaves plac'd alternately they are branchy at the top The Leaves that come from the Root are hairy and winged small Wings being here and there joyned to the Middle-rib The Extremity of the Leaf is cut in deep The Leaves that are on the Stalks consist of two Wings that are pretty large which adhere to the Stalk at the Basis of the Foot-stalk as if they were Ears and they have three Jags at the End almost like a Bramble The Flower does not come from the Bosom of the Leaf but grows opposite to it and has long foot-Foot-stalks and five yellow Leaves like Tormentil The Cup is composed of ten Leaves five large five small Many yellow Threads stand round the Head which grows into a roundish Bur compos'd of a great many Seeds placed thick together each of them has a Tail that turns back at the End whereby they stick to Clothes It grows in Hedges and Bushes and flowers in May or June 'T is somewhat astringent it strengthens and discusses 't is Cephalick and Cordial and resists Poisons 'T is chiefly used inwardly to cure Catarrhs and for quickening the Blood when it is coagulated Wine wherein the Root has been infus'd has a fine pleasant Taste and Smell It chears the Heart and opens Obstructions The Root infus'd in Beer is excellent for strengthening the Joints and Bowels Two Ounces of the Root or an Handful of the Herb boyl'd in a Quart of Water or Posset-drink to the Consumption of a fourth Part has been us'd successfully in curing Agues especially Tertians being taken two Hours before the Fit or in the Fit B. BArbery-tree in Latin Berberis The Berries cool and are astringent they provoke Appetite and strengthen the Stomach and therefore the Conserve of them is frequently used in Fevers a Loosness and the Bloody Flux The inward Bark of the Branches and Root infus'd in White-wine is an excellent Remedy for the Jaundice The Juice of the Berries a Decoction of the Bark or the Juice of the Leaves mix'd with Vinegar cure the Pain of the Teeth occasioned by Fluxion The Conserve of it frequently taken cures Inflammations of the Mouth and Throat or the Mouth being gargled with some of the Conserve dissolv'd in Water and Vinegar Barley in Latin Hordeum The French-Barley is much used in Fevers and for Diseases of the Breast and for Heat of Urine A Pultis of Barley-meal and Butter is very Anodine and eases painful Tumours Barley-water Boyl two Ounces of French-Barley in Fountain-water change the Water twice boyl it the third time in a Quart of Water to a Pint and an half adding Liquorish half an Ounce Violet-leaves and Strawberry-leaves each one handful sweeten it with Sugar or Syrup of Violets The Cinnamon-water with Barley Infuse twelve Ounces of Cinnamon in four Quarts of Barley-water prepared by it self without the Liquorish and other Ingredients distill them in B. M. Garden Basil in Latin Ocymum 'T is about nine Inches high and has many four-square Branches that are somewhat red and a little hairy The Leaves are like Pellitory-Leaves they are smooth some are indented some not They have a fragrant Smell but do not taste very well The Flowers are white or of a purplish Colour they smell sweet and are plac'd on long Spikes in Whirls The Seed is small and black The Root is woody black and fibrous It grows only in Gardens It comforts the Heart and expels Melancholy It cleanses the Lungs and moves the Courses 'T is an Ingredient of three Compound-Waters in the London-Dispensatory viz. Gilberts-water Briony-water and the Celestial-water Wild Basil in Latin Acinos It has but one thin Root with but a few Fibres The Stalks are one Hand high hairy red four-square branchy tho' near the Earth they seem round There are two Leaves at each Joint and their Foot-stalks are contrary one to another they are like wild Thyme but larger they are indented about the Edges are green above underneath whitish Their Nerves are conspicuous they are plac'd upon short Foot-stalks The Flowers are dispos'd like a Whirl at the top of the Stalks and Branches and shew themselves of a purple Colour The Cup is oblong channell'd big-bellied but narrow at the Neck It grows of its own accord upon chalky Hills and on dry and gravelly Ground It flowers in June The Virtue of it is not certainly known and indeed one would judge by the Smell and Taste that it had no great Virtue tho' Schwenckfeld says that 't is hot and dry and that it forces the Courses and the Birth and removes Melancholy Baulm in Latin Melissa 'T is reckon'd among the Cordial-Herbs It removes Melancholy and cheers the Heart 'T is much commended for Fainting and Beating of the Heart and for the Palsie and Falling-sickness and for other cold Diseases of the Brain Put the green Leaves into Canary-wine and drink a Glass or two at Meals it provokes the Courses and Child-bed-Purgations and is good for Mother-fits and cures a Stinking Breath For Madness Take one Handful of the Leaves cut them small and infuse them in four Ounces of Brandy add of prepar'd Pearl half a Dram the Dose is two Spoonfuls Morning and Evening This was counted a great Secret at Montpelier For Melancholy Take of the Conserve of Balm one Ounce of the Conserve of Bugloss and Borage-flowers each half an Ounce of Confection of Alkermes one Dram make an Electuary with the Syrup of the five opening Roots Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening for the space of a
excellent Lithontripick being powder'd and taken in Small Beer or Posset-drink The Leaves are applied outwardly to old Sores and to Burns The Seed powder'd and taken forty Days together cures the Hip-Gout 'T is said it provokes Venery Take of the Seeds of Bur-dock two Drams of Wild-Carrot-Seeds one Dram of Salt of Amber one Dram of Oyl of Nutmegs half a Scruple Balsamum Capivii a sufficient quantity make small Pills take four Morning and Evening This is a good Diuretick Medicine But the Root is chiefly us'd Take of the Roots of Bur-dock three Ounces of Sarsaparilla six Ounces of the Wood of Guaiacum three Ounces of the Bark of the same one Ounce of the Roots of Notty China three Ounces of Sassaphras one Ounce and an half of Harts-horn and Ivory rasp'd each one Ounce of Red and White Sanders and of the sweet-smelling Flag each six Drams of Raisins of the Sun ston'd one Handful of the Seeds of Anise and Fennel each half an Ounce Infuse them in eight Quarts of Fountain-water for twenty four Hours in B. M. and cover the Vessel close then boyl it with a gentle Fire till a third part of the Liquor is is consum'd towards the latter end of Boyling add of the Tops of Eye-bright Betony dried Sage and of the Cordial-Flowers each one Pugil of Woody Cassia half an Ounce of Nutmegs number two strain it for use Take half a Pint four times a Day Burnet in Latin Pimpinella vulgaris sive minor It has a long slender brown Root with some Fibres The Stalks are a Foot or two Foot high angl'd branchy and of a light red Colour At the top of the Branches are small Heads from whence arise small purplish Flowers The Seeds are short and four-square It has many long wing'd Leaves that lie on the Ground which consist of several small roundish Leaves green above and grayish underneath finely indented about the edges and set on each side of a Middle-rib It grows commonly on chalky Ground and in hilly Pastures 'T is Cordial and Alexipharmick The green Herb is put into Wine to chear the Heart and it renders it very pleasant by imparting an Aromatick Smell and Taste to it 'T is a good Preservative against the Plague and other contagious Diseases 'T is also astringent Of excellent use in immoderate Fluxes of the Courses and Belly and in all Hemorrhages and to dry and heal Wounds and Ulcers and the Biting of a Mad Dog The following Water was much us'd in the last London-Plague Take of the Tops of Burnet Rosemary Wormwood Sun-Dew Mugwort Dragon's Scabious Agrimony Balm Carduus Betony the Lesser Centory one Handful each of the Roots of Tormentil Angelica Peony Zedoary Liquorish and Elecampane each half an Ounce of the Leaves of Sage Celandine and Rue of the Leaves and Flowers of Marigolds each one Handful cut them and infuse them three Days in four Quarts of the best White-wine then distil them carefully and keep the Water for use The Dose was four Spoonfuls Butter-bur or Pestilent-wort in Latin Petasitis First it sends forth a Stalk about nine Inches high that is concave and downy with narrow sharp Leaves on it At the top is a long spiked Head of Flowers of a purplish Colour When the Flowers fade and the Stalks die large Leaves succeed like the Leaves of Colts-foot but twice or thrice as large or larger hook'd near the Foot-stalk they are almost round and indented about the Edges The Root is thick and bitter and creeps much It grows in moist places and near the Banks of Rivers the Spike and Flower flourish in April 'T is much us'd in Pestilential Fevers 'T is also reckon'd good in Coughs and for an Asthma It expels the broad Worms of the Belly and provokes Urine and the Courses 'T is outwardly applied to Bubo's and Malignant Ulcers 'T is us'd also to provoke Sweat and to expel Malignity Take of the Root of Bur-dock Virginian Snake-weed and Contrayerva each one Dram of Cochinell and Saffron each half a Dram make a Powder The Dose is half a Dram to be taken in a proper Water Butterwort or Yorkshire-Sanicle in Latin Pinguicula The Root has some white Fibres that are pretty large considering the smalness of the Plant. It does not grow deep Six or seven of the Leaves lie on the Earth and sometimes more of a pale yellow Green they look greasie and shine as if they were besmear'd in length two Inches and in breadth about one they are somewhat blunt at the Ends the Edges are smooth the upper part of the Leaf is cover'd with a very short Down which is scarcely seen Some foot-Foot-stalks about an Hand high arise amongst the Leaves at the top of each is plac'd one purplish Flower of one Leaf divided into five parts It grows in marshy Places and on moist Hills The Leaves bruis'd and applied cure fresh Wounds Country-People cure Chaps in Cows Dugs and Chaps and Swellings on their Hands by anointing them with the fat Juice of this Herb. The Welsh make a Syrup of it wherewith they purge themselves They also boyl the Herb in Broth for the same purpose for it purges Flegm very briskly They also make an Ointment of it which is of excellent use for Obstruction of the Liver The Leaves beat and applied to Parts affected with Pain ease the Pain 'T is reckon'd Vulnerary and very good for Ruptures in Children C. CAbbage in Latin Brasica Warts anointed with the Juice of it are taken off in the space of fourteen Days The Leaves boil'd in Wine and applied to Ulcers and the Leprosie do much good And so great is the Virtue of it that the Urine of those that feed on it is very useful and proper for curing the Fistula Cancer Tetters and such like Diseases At the Beginning of an Inflammation of the Jaws when we design to cool and repel we make use of the Liquor of it A Person so over-run with the Scurvy that he could scarce go or stand and had Spots all over his Breast and Legs was cured by drinking daily three Pints of Wine wherein four handfuls of Red Cabbage had been infus'd with half a Dram of Ginger and two Drams of Cinnamon For a Pain in the Side apply a Leaf of it besmear'd with Butter hot to the Part affected having first sprinkl'd Powder of Cumin-seed upon it 'T is said Cabbage prevents Drunkenness Sea Cabbage or Colewort in Latin Brasica Marina It grows every where almost on the Sea-shore in England Our People in such places eat it preferring it before Garden-Cabbage Field Calamint in Latin Calamintha It springs up yearly with many Stalks which are two Foot high small four-square stiff and hairy they look reddish in Sunny Places they are branchy and bend downward The Leaves by Intervals are opposite one to the other small hairy with here and there a Jag they smell as strong as Penny-royal and almost as strong as Water-mint they are for the most part triangular
two great yellow Seeds bunching out on one side and plain on the other They are very hard The Root is thick oblique and has many Fibres that are white and long like the Fibres of Asparagus The Root is one of the five opening Roots 'T is chiefly used for Obstructions of the Liver the Urine and the Courses The Syrup of the five opening Roots is much in use and is prepar'd in the following manner Take of the Roots of Butcher's-Broom Fennel Asparagus Parsly and Smallage each two Ounces Fountain-water three Quarts digest them hot then boyl them in B. M. to the Liquor pressed out hard and clarified add eight Ounces of Vinegar and five Pounds and an half of fine Sugar make a Syrup with a gentle Heat The Dose is two Spoonfuls in four Ounces of any proper distill'd Water Buck-thorn in Latin Rhamnus Catharticus This small Tree is common in the Hedges in some places The outward Bark is black there are two within one green the other yellow The Wood is pale and hard It has many Branches that are plac'd most commonly opposite one to another and it has hard ridged and long Thorns plac'd among the Leaves the Ends of the Branches being thorny also The Leaves are like the Leaves of a Crab-tree but smaller they are pointed of a dark Green indented and nervous and have an astringent Taste It has many small Flowers together of a light green Colour each consists of four Leaves The Berries succeed the Flowers Great Numbers of them are plac'd at the Roots of the Thorns upon pretty long Foot-stalks When they are ripe they are black and full of green Juice They have three or four triangular Grains which have a blackish Bark and a white Marrow that does not taste ill The Taste of the Berries is bitter and astringent and the Juice has a certain peculiar Taste The Berry of this Shrub yields three sorts of Colours Those that are gather'd in Harvest-time and dried and powder'd and infus'd with Water and Allum make a yellow or rather a Saffron-colour and is now in use for painting of Playing-Cards and Leather Those that are gather'd in the Autumn when they are ripe and black being pounded and kept in a Glass-Vessel afford a delicate Green which is called Sap-Green and is much used by Painters Those that remain on the Trees till the Feast of St. Martin make a red Colour The Berries are purging a Dram or a Dram and an half of them being taken at a time Some take fifteen or twenty of the Berries at a time But they work so powerfully that they are not to be given in Substance to weakly People The Syrup is most in use Take of the Juice of ripe and fresh Berries gather'd in September 2 Pounds let it clear by standing then add of Cinnamon and Nutmegs each three Drams infuse it in B. M. for the space of a Day then press them out and add a Pound and an half of White Sugar and make a Syrup in B. M. Bugle in Latin Bugula The Stalk is four-square empty and hairy an Hand or half a Foot high The Leaves are indented like the Leaves of the greater Water-Brooklime two are plac'd by Intervals opposite one to another of a Violet-colour or purple or green They taste at first sweet afterwards bitter and astringent The Flowers come out of the Wings of the Leaves in a short hairy Cup that is divided into five parts They are of a Sky and changeable Colour and of a sweetish Taste The Root is small and fibrous and tastes more astringent than the Leaves 'T is common in Woods and moist Meadows and flowers in May. The Virtues are much the same with those of Self-heal 'T is Vulnerary either taken inwardly or outwardly applied 'T is us'd in the Jaundice in Obstructions of the Liver and for Stoppage of Urine An Ointment made of the Leaves of Bugle Scabious and Sanicle bruis'd and boyl'd in Lard till they are dry and then press'd out is of excellent use for all sorts of Ulcers and Bruises and to heal Wounds 'T is one of the Ingredients for the Wound-Drink of the London-Dispensatory commonly called The Traumatick Decoction Bugloss in Latin Buglossum It has many Stalks coming from the same Root about three or four Foot high round and rough with ridgid Hairs 'T is branchy at the top whereon the Leaves grow without Foot-stalks They are many narrow oblong of a Sky-colour'd Green not wrinkl'd like Burrage they end in a sharp Point and are hairy on both sides and equal about the Edges from the Wings of the Leaves and sometimes at their Sides or lower or a little higher the Branches rise The Flowers come on the top of the Stalks and Branches from a Cup compos'd of five oblong norrow sharp hairy pieces the Flowers are less than those of Borrage and consist of one Leaf of a light purple Colour an oblong Thread grows up from the bottom of the Cup which is encompass'd with four Seeds that are of a russet Colour and wrinkled when they are ripe The Root lives many Years is black without and white within It flowers in June and July and the Summer after It has the same Virtues with Borrage The Flowers are of great use in Melancholy and Hypochondriack Diseases and are reckon'd among the four Cordial Flowers A Person was cured of the Falling-Sickness by the constant Use of the Flowers in Wine for half a Year Take of the Leaves of Bugloss Borrage Balm Fumitory Water-cresses and Brook-lime each four Handfuls of July-flowers Marrigolds Borrage-flowers and Cowslips each three handfuls the outward Barks of six Oranges and of four Limons All being cut and bruis'd pour upon them four Quarts of Posset-drink made with Cyder distill them in a cold Still and mingle all the Water Take three Ounces Night and Morning Bur-dock in Latin Bardana It has a single thick Root that grows deep in the Earth without black within white The Leaves are plac'd upon long Foot-stalks they are very large green above and hairy under they have a thick short Down they are not exactly round but a little longish and end in a sharp Point they have short small Prickles about the Edges that are scarce visible The Stalk is two Foot and an half high or higher thick round and hairy and of a purplish Colour and full of Pith the Leaves are plac'd on them alternately at small distances they branch out almost from the bottom The Flowers are plac'd on the top of the Stalks and Branches and come out of rough Heads or Burrs with crooked Prickles they are purplish the Burs are apt to stick to Clothes The Seed is pretty large oblong and of a brown Colour 'T is Drying Pulmonick Diuretick Diaphoretick Cleansing and somewhat Astringent 'T is good in an Asthma for the Stone and Spitting of Blood for old Sores and Swellings of the Spleen and of all other Parts in Gouty Diseases wherein it is peculiarly proper The Seed is an
Diuretick It provokes the Courses and is Lithontriprick It quickens the Blood when coagulated and disposes to Sleep 'T is used outwardly with great Success for the Cholick and Obstruction of Urine Used in Caraplasms it discusses Tumours and Clodded Blood like Solomon's-Seal 'T is chiefly us'd for Swellings and Hardness of the Paps Take of the Roots of Charvil Knee-holm Polypody of the Oak of each one Ounce of the Leaves of Water-Hemp Agrimony of the Oak of Jerusalem of Maiden-hair and Ground-Ivy each one Handful of the Seeds of Bastard-Saffron one Ounce of the Roots of Florentine-Flower-de-luce half an Ounce of the Seeds of Danewort five Drams of the Root of the Sweet-smelling Flag half an Ounce boyl them in two Quarts of Fountain-water to the Consumption of a third part then strain it and add one Ounce and an half of Sena and two Drams of Agarick Mechoacan and Turbith each half an Ounce of Yellow-Sanders one Dram and an half of the Roots of Lesser Galanga one Dram boyl them in a close Vessel two Hours then strain the Liquor and add two Ounces of the best Hony clarified with the White of an Egg make a purging Mead The Dose is six or eight Ounces twice or thrice a Week This is proper in a Dropsie of the Breast Cherries in Latin Cerasus Cherries when they are fresh loosen the Belly but when dry they bind Those that are sweet purge but they are offensive to the Stomach Sharp and harsh Cherries are Binding The distill'd Water of sharp Cherries and the Cherries themselves extinguish Feverish Heats and quench Thirst and create an Appetite And preserv'd with Sugar they are very grateful to the Stomach and reckon'd by the Women the best Sweet-Meats but by reason of the Abundance of their Moisture they cannot be kept long The Decoction of dried Cherries is excellent in Hipocondriack Diseases and many have been cur'd by this Remedy alone Sweet Cherries are peculiarly good for Diseases in the Head the Falling-sickness Apoplexy and Palsie A Lord that was seiz'd with an Apoplexy and was speechless three Days recover'd his Speech by takeing Spirit of Cherries In Stammering and other Vices of Speech wash the Mouth often with the Spirit of Black-Cherries for they are very Cephalick and do much strengthen the Muscles of the Tongue and the Spirits design'd for their Use The distill'd Water of sweet Black-Cherries is much commended and us'd for Children's Convulsions Take an equal quantity of this Water and the Water of Lime-tree-flowers The Dose is an Ounce or two Ounces according to the Age of the Child Wines and Potions are prepar'd of Cherries several Ways either by Distillation or Infusion or by mixing Sugar with the Juice and fermenting it In Italy they prepare a Potion with fresh Cherries which they call Marasco they drink it before it ferments 'T is sold there in Taverns in the Summer-time and is counted a good cooling Liquor The Oyl drawn from the Kernels in a Press is said to take Spots and Pimples from the Skin by anointing it And 't is reckon'd good for the Gout and Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder The Gum of Cherries diluted with Wine cures inveterate Coughs quickens the Sight and provokes Appetite 'T is counted also Lithontriptick drunk in Wine Some when they eat great quantities of Cherries swallow the Stones to prevent Surfeits which is a vulgar Errour for many times they lie long in the Stomach and do much hurt The Livers of Sparrows grow very big at Cherry-time The following Sorts of Cherries are much esteem'd here in England viz. The May-Cherry the Duke-cherry the Arch-Duke-Cherry the Flanders-Cherry the Red-Heart-Cherry the Carnation and the Amber-Cherry the Bleeding-heart and the Naples the Purple-Cherry the Black Orleance and the common Black-Cherry Luke Ward 's Cherry the Cluster-Cherry the Dwarf-Cherry and the Morello-Cherry Chesnut-tree in Latin Castanea It is a great and stately Tree as thick as an old Oak so very large sometimes that three Men with their Arms extended can scarce encompass the Trunk of it It has many Branches the small Twigs are of a Crimson Colour It has a smooth Bark spotted and blackish and sometimes of an Ash-colour but chiefly the Extremity of the Branches And when the Tree is young the Wood of it is strong and lasting but yet it bends with a Burthen and cracks much in the Fire and its Coals are soon extinguish'd It has large Leaves about two Inches broad and in length about five they are thin wrinkly and indented like a Saw with many transverse Veins sticking on the Back extended from the Middle-rib that is most remarkable Long hanging Buds precede the Fruit having yellow Tufts The Cups are prickly and like a Bur within they are hairy and as soft as Silk They contain two or three Nuts some but one ending sharp from a broad Basis they are about an Inch long flat on one side and bellying out on the other and are in shape something like the Heart The Nut is white solid and hard sweet and palatable especially when it is roasted It chiefly grows on Mountains and Rising Grounds There are Abundance of them in Italy where the People that live on the Mountains eat little else They bud at the Beginning of Spring and soon after flower The Fruit is ripe about the Latter End of September The good Nuts are known from the bad by putting them in Water for if they are sound and good they sink but if otherwise they swim We in England make of this Wood Bedsteads Chairs Tables Chests and other Furniture for Houses In some Places beyond Sea they make Bread and Frumenty of the Flower of the Nuts but such sort of coarse Diet is no way pleasing to the English who God be thanked have Plenty of wholsom Food and great Abundance of all things necessary They are either boyl'd whole in Water or roasted on the Fire or fry'd In Italy the Gentry and Citizens roast them under Ashes and having pill'd them mix a little Sugar and Juice of Oranges or Limons with them and so eat them for a Second Course But which way soever they are prepar'd they are windy and injurious to the Stomach and Head and to those that are subject to Cholical Pains and the Stone The Nuts are astringent and consequently do good in Fluxes of the Belly and for Spitting of Blood They are said to be good for Coughs being eaten with Hony fasting As also is an Electuary prepar'd with the Flower of them and Hony An Emulsion of Chesnuts made with the Decoction of Liquorish and a few White Poppy-seeds is good for Heat of Urine Chick-weed in Latin Alfine It cools and moistens moderately upon which Account it is good for Inflammations and against Heat either taken inwardly or outwardly applied as Purslan and the Lesser House-leek 'T is counted good for such as are in Consumptions and wasting Conditions Birds that are kept in Cages are much refreshed by this Herb when they loath their Meat
Ounces of Carduus-water one Pint and an half make an Infusion over a gentle Fire in a close Vessel two Hours then strain the Liquor and add to it two Ounces of the Syrup of Dandalyon and a Dram of the Spirit of Sal-Almoniack The Dose is five or six Spoonfuls three or four times a Day This is very good in Pleurisies and other Diseases that proceed from the Clamminess of the Blood and from its being coagulated Dane-wort in Latin Ebulus 'T is neither Tree nor Shrub but rather an Herb but it is so like Elder that it is called Dwarf-Elder 'T is seldom so high as a Man but most-commonly three Foot high and no higher The Stalk is green and channel'd and full of Pith like Elder which withers in Winter The Leaves are whiter and greater than those of the common Elder long and broad and cut in the Edges like a Saw The Leaves are placed by Couples and smell strong The Flowers are white tip'd with red and grow at the top of the Stalks in Tufts The Berries are black The Root is long and of the thickness of a Finger not woody It spreads much and grows commonly near High-ways and Ditches and Church-yards It flowers in June or July and the Betries are ripe in August and September 'T is said to have the same Virtues with Elder but they are stronger The Bark and Seeds purge Water wherefore they are good in Dropsies and other Diseases arising from watery Humours The Root likewise purges very strongly The Leaves of it as well as those of Elder applied to Burns cure them In Diseases of the Spleen Take four Ounces of the distill'd Waters of the Roots for the space of ten or twelve Days fasting Take of the Roots of Dwarf-Elder of our Flower-de-luce each one Ounce and an half of the Leaves of Soldanella and Hedge-Hyssop each one Handful of the Roots of Asarabacca and Wild Cucumbers each two Ounces of the Lesser Galangal six Drams of choice Jalap half an Ounce of Elaterium three Drams of Cubebs two Drams slice and bruise them and pour upon them three Pints of small Spirit of Wine Tartariz'd digest them in a close Vessel in a Sand-Furnace two Days strain it and let it stand till it is clear Take two or three Spoonfuls in a proper Vehicle This is an excellent Purge in a Dropsie Darnel in Latin Lolium album The Root is very fibrous The Straws are two or three Foot high like the Wheat-straw but a little less They have four or five Knots at each whereof are the Leaves they are narrower and greener than the Blade of Wheat they shine and are smooth fat channel'd and are spiky The Grain is less than Wheat and is included in a single brown Husk It grows too much amongst Wheat 'T is hot and dry It attenuates resolves and cleanses Being mix'd with Malt it makes the Beer heady And mix'd with Bread it occasions great Dulness It offends the Eyes by sending ill Vapours into the Head The Flower of it mix'd with other Medicines is commended by the Ancients for putrid Ulcers the Itch the Leprosie the King 's Evil Gangreens and the Hip-Gout Dill in Latin Anethum 'T is very like Fennel yet it differs from it in many things The Root is annual the Stalk is less and and lower for it is rarely three Foot high the Leaves are lighter colour'd and smell stronger and not so pleasant the Seed is broader of an acrid Taste and not so pleasant as that of Fennel the Tufts of Flowers are yellow but not so large It grows in Gardens and springs yearly from its Seed But it grows no where spontaneously in England as I know of The Herb but especially the Seed digests discusses and ripens Tumours increases Milk disposes to Sleep lessens Venery cures Vomiting and the Hickops 'T is said to be offensive to the Eyes which seems strange to me for that it is very like Fennel both in Quality and outward Appearance and it expels also Wind And Fennel is allow'd by all to be good for the Eyes The tender Tops and the Root when fresh provoke Urine and so very good for those that are afflicted with the Stone Our People are wont to put the Seeds and Leaves into Pickle of Cucumbers to better the Taste and Smell and to correct the Coldness Take of the Oyl of the Seeds of Dill four Drops of Oyl of Almonds half an Ounce mingle them for a Draught This is excellent for the Hickops when they proceed from a cold Cause Dittander in Latin Lepidium latifolium The Root is of a Finger's thickness and thicker white of an acrid and hot Taste which soon vanishes It creeps in the Earth It has many Stalks four Foot high sound smooth and full of Pith branchy less than the Little Finger and cover'd with Sky-colour'd Dust which may be easily wiped off The Leaves are long and broad but end sharp they are smooth fat of a dull green Colour and plac'd alternately they are indented about the Edges Those which come from the Root and are on the bottom of the Stalk are prop'd by long foot-Foot-stalks The little Flowers are plac'd on the top of the Stalks and Branches they consist of three white Leaves there are many of them The small Seed-vessels succeed the Flowers they are fat and pointed Gardiners dislike it because it spreads so much The Women in Suffolk boyl it in Beer to facilitate Delivery The Herb is acrid The Root eases the Pain of the Teeth Sharp-pointed Dock with curled Leaves in Latin Lapathum acutum crispum The Root is single and has sometimes Sprigs it grows deep in the Earth without brown and within yellow The Leaves are narrow and long and of a dull colour curl'd and crooked about the Edges especially near the Foot-stalks The Flowers are small hanging down upon long Foot-stalks and many Whirls The Seed is of a Chesnut-colour It grows on untill'd Grounds and in Courts especially in moist Places Sharp-pointed Dock in Latin Lapathum acutum The Leaves are shorter than the former the Lower grow narrow by degrees from a broad Beginning and are less than the other The Stalk is small stiff and sometimes crooked The Whirls of the Flowers are not so thick the Flowers are smaller and the Seeds not half so large It grows in moist Places and near Water and commonly in Ditches and Hedges The Root of Sharp-pointed Dock is much commended for the Itch And infus'd in Beer is excellent for the Scurvy and the Jaundice The Powder of the Seeds strengthen the Liver and stop all Fluxes of the Belly Provide four Gallons of Small Ale instead of Hops boyl in it three Handfuls of the Tops of Pines or Firr after it has done Working in the Vessel put into a Canvas-bag three Handfuls of Scurvy-grass four Ounces of the Root of Sharp-pointed Dock prepar'd and the Peels of four Oranges hang the Bag in the Vessel with something to sink the Bag After it has stood a
of a Chesnut-colour It flowers at the Latter End of May or Beginning of June and grows frequently in Sandy and Gravelly Pastures When the Seed is ripe the Superficies withers immediately the Root remaining in the Ground Our Country-people eat the Root raw but when it is pill'd and boyl'd in fresh Broth with a little Peper it is pleasant Food and very nourishing and stimulates Venery Being mix'd with Medicines it helps those that spit Blood and void a Bloody Urine Egglentine or Sweet-Bryer in Latin Rosa silvestris odora It needs no Description its curious Smell will not let it be unknown The Virtues of the Flowers are much the same with Garden-Roses but more astringent wherefore they are of excellent use in Fluxes of the Womb. The Fruit of it is much commended for its Lithontriptick Virtue The Heads when they are ripe contain a Pulp of a pleasant acid Taste which without doubt is very useful in Fevers and to provoke Appetite The Conserve of it is commonly kept in the Shops and is very good for the hot Scurvy and for Spitting of Blood The Root is good for the Biting of a Mad Dog a sort of a Sponge grows from the Branches when they are broken or hurt which is of a reddish Colour which laid on the Pillow disposes to Sleep The Ashes of it cure the Heat of Urine and kill Worms Take of the Conserve of Hips and Wood-Sorrel each one Ounce Conserve of Berberies half an Ounce Cream of Tartar one Dram make an Electuary with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Limons Take the quantity of a Nutmeg thrice a Day This is good in Fevers Elder in Latin Sambucus Martin Blockwitz wrote a whole Book of the Virtues and Use of the Elder the Title of it is The Anatomy of the Elder The inner Bark of the Elder purges watery Humours wherefore it is good in Dropsies The tender Leaves boyl'd in Wine is likewise very good for the same purpose and more convenient for weakly People The inner Bark applied to Burns takes out the Fire The Flowers discuss mollifie and dissolve and are Sudorifick and Anodine Vinegar wherein the Flowers have been infus'd is very agreeable to the Stomach and excites Appetite and it cuts and attenuates gross and crude Humours The Berries are Alexipharmick and Sudorifick The Spirit drawn from the Berries provokes Sweat and therefore good in Fevers The Wine made of the Juice of them or the Juice mix'd with White or Rhenish-Wine does much Good in Dropsies The Seeds cleanse and purge violently by Vomit and Stool A Decoction of the middle Bark with Syrup of Poppies promotes Sweat But note That Narcoticks mix'd with Sweating Medicines do much provoke Sweating For Swellings in the Feet take of the Leaves as much as is sufficient boyl them in Oyl with Salt and foment them with it In St. Anthony's Fire a Fomentation is frequently used made of two Parts of Elder-water and one of Spirit of Wine This is commonly us'd in London with good Success My Father makes an Ointment of the Red-Lead-Plaster and Oyl of Elder which he frequently uses for Burns And I have found it very successful also in other Inflammations Elecampane in Latin Helenium Many Leaves long and broad come from the Root and bend towards the Earth they are acute at both Ends above of a pale Green under hoary indented about the Edges They have short foot-Foot-stalks from the Centre whereof the Stalks rise sometimes one sometimes more they are streight hairy and reddish five or six Foot high with some Leaves thereon compassing them about at the Lower Ends they are branched towards the tops and bear great large Flowers like those of our Marigold of a Golden Colour The Root is very thick without brown within white and of an Aromatick Taste and smells sweet and pleasantly especially when dried It grows in moist Meadows and Pastures but it is not common It flowers in June and July The fresh Root being candied or dried and powder'd mix'd with Hony or Sugar is very good in a Difficulty of Breathing an Asthma and an old Cough Being taken after Supper it helps Concoction It is also commended as an excellent Preservative against the Plague Being taken in the Morning it forces Urine and the Courses Half a Pint of White-wine wherein the slic'd Roots have been infus'd three Days taken in the Morning fasting cures the Green-sickness A Decoction of the Root taken inwardly or outwardly applied is commended by some for Convulsions Contusions and the Hip-Gout The Roots boyl'd in Wine or the fresh Juice infus'd in it and drunk kills and expels Worms Wine that is every where prepar'd with this Root in Germany and often drunk wonderfully quickens the Sight Elecampane distill'd in common Water yields a Volatile Salt that smells and has the same Virtue with Salt of Harts-horn Take of the Roots of Elecampane well cleans'd from the Fibres as much as you please boyl them in Water till they are salt and pulp them through a Sieve whereof take one Part and of Hony two Parts boyl them to the Consumption of the Moisture This is a Preservative against the Plague Take of the Roots of Elecampane Oris and Liquorish each one Dram of the Flowers of Sulphure two Drams Hony a sufficient quantity to make an Electuary Oyl of Sulphure ten Drops make a Linctus This is good for an inveterate Cough Elm in Latin Vlmus The Leaves the Branches and the Bark are astringent The Leaves cure Wounds And rub'd with Vinegar they are good for a Leprosie The Bark boiled in Fountain-water almost to the Consistence of a Syrup and the third part of Aquavitae mix'd with it is an excellent Remedy for the Hip-Gout if the Part affected be fomented with it before the Fire The Water in the Bladders upon the Leaves clears the Skin it being wash'd with it and it betters the Complexion It helps Burstenness in Children Clothes being wet in the Water and applied but a Truss must be kept on also Take of the Bark of Elm six Drams of the Root of Liquorish half a Dram of Raisins of the Sun ston'd number twenty of Red Roses two Pugils boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water to a Pint and an half dissolve in it of Hony of Roses and Simple Oxymel each two Ounces make a Gargarism Endive in Latin Endivia The Root is fibrous and full of Milk The long broad Leaves like on the Earth they are like the Leaves of Lettice sometimes indented about the Edges The Stalk is two or three Foot high smooth channel'd empty and has many Branches and is crooked being cut it yields a Milk The Flowers come from the Wings of the Leaves they are Sky-colour'd and like the Leaves of Wild-Succory It grows in Gardens 'T is Cooling and the Water of it is used in Fevers and Inflammations Eringo or Sea-Holly in Latin Eringium marinum The Roots are very long and spread much they have an Aromatick Taste The Leaves are placed
takes off Spots from the Skin Mix'd with Hellebore and Hony 't is much used in Powders for the Hair It cures the Dropsie and Jaundice Take from half an Ounce to one Ounce and an half of the Juice this is commended in a Dropsie to purge away the Water A Gentlewoman cured many Hydropical People by this Juice alone She gave four Spoonfuls of it daily in the Morning fasting in six Spoonfuls of White-wine The Yellow Water Flower-de-luce in Latin Iris palustris lutea It grows almost every where in Marshy Places and upon the Banks of Rivers Whether it be hot or cold Botanists do not agree but almost all allow it very astringent and the Taste of it confirms as much wherefore it is commended for the Bloody-Flux and other Fluxes of the Belly and Womb And it stops Blood and therefore is useful to prevent the Bloody-Flux and Bleeding The Sick must have it hang'd about him So that it is plain that the Apothecaries were in a great Errour formerly when they used this Root which has quite contrary Faculties for the Root of the Sweet-smelling Flag The Highlanders in Scotland make excellent Ink with this Root infus'd or a little boyl'd in Water twenty four Hours by rubbing a white rough Stone upon a Knife or a piece of good Steel in it for some Hours Fluellin or Male-Speed-well in Latin Veronica maâ— It creeps with Twigs on the Superficies of the Earâ—h and sends down Roots from the Joints These little Stalks or Twigs are small round long hairy and jointed The Leaves are placed by Pairs one opposite to another at the Joints they are hairy and indented about the Edges they taste bitter and acrid The Flowers come forth spiked from the Wings of the Leaves compos'd of four small Leaves of a deep Sky-colour with Threads of the same Colour in the middle The Seeds are contain'd in small Receptacles like Shepherd's-purse The Flowers consist really of one Leaf only for tho' they seem several yet they are all entire at the bottom It grows plentifully on dry Places and on Heaths in Gravelly Sandy and Sunny Places A large quantity of the Decoction of it used for some Time cured a Woman of the Stone in the Kidnies which she had been troubled with sixteen Years The Lesser Spiked Fluellin or Speed-well in Latin Veronica spicata minor The Root grows awry and is fibrous The Stalk is upright sometimes four Inches sometimes a Foot sometimes two Foot high or higher Those Leaves that are placed at the Joints are narrow and sharp hairy and a little indented they are larger at the Root The Stalk ends in a long Spike full of Sky-colour'd Flowers flowering by degrees first the Lower then those that are at top when they are faded little long Threads remain 'T is Vulnerary and Sudorisick 'T is chiefly used in Erosions and Obstructions of the Lungs and Spleen in the Cholick and Consumption for the Plague and the Itch. 'T is of excellent use in Cleansing Wounds being outwardly applied and for hard Swellings of the Spleen Purple Fox-gloves in Latin Digiâ—alis purpurea vulgaris 'T is sometimes four Foot high The Stalk is as thick as the Thumb angled hairy reddish and concave The Root is fibrous and bitter The Flowers are placed on a long Spike they are placed on short hairy Foot-stalks and hang downwards each of them has a little sharp Leaf joyn'd to it they are like a Taylor 's Thimble without they are of a Crimson Colour except in the lower Part which by the mixture of some White is of a Flesh-colour they are purple also within but in the lower Part they have some white Spots To the Basis of the Flowers grow white or purple Threads The Leaf is oblong and ends sharp hairy and indented about the Edges above of a dark Green below hoary Those that are at the Root are placed on long Foot-stalks those on the Stalks are set disorderly and there are many of them The Cup of the Flower consists most commonly of five Leaves The Margin of the Flower is divided into five pieces It delights in Sandy Ground It varies the Flower and is sometimes white but very rarely 'T is Vomitive The Country-people in Somersetshire purge and vomit the Sick in Fevers with it 'T is very good in the Falling-sickness if you take two Handfuls of it with four Ounces of Polypody of the Oak and boyl them in Beer and then drink it For some have been cured by this Decoction that have had the Falling-sickness above twenty Years and that use to have two or three Fits every Month. But this Medicine must be given only to strong People for it purges and vomits violently Being bruised and applied to the King's-Evil or the Juice of it made into an Ointment does much good Some confide very much in the Flowers in King's-Evil-Swellings They put a great many into May-Butter and set them in the Sun Others mingle them with Lard and put them under Ground for forty Days they spread the Ointment on a Cloth and apply them to the Swellings and purge every sixth Day and in the mean while use continually a Decoction of the Herb Robert With the thinner part of the Ointment they anoint the Red Part of the Swelling the thicker they use on Cloth A large quantity of this Ointment ought to be provided for sometimes it is a Year and more before the Cure is perfected Tho' the Ulcers should grow larger at first you need not be discourag'd for when the Ointment has dried up all the Humour the Ulcers will heal and skin This Ointment is chiefly of use in moist Ulcers of the King's-Evil Fumetory in Latin Fumaria It purges Choler and purifies the Blood and is much used for a Leprosie the Itch and other Diseases of the Skin 'T is likewise commended for the French-Pox It opens Obstructions of the Liver and cures the Jaundice It is much used in Whey in the Spring-time 'T is also good for the Scurvy The Juice or Water of it dropped into the Eyes cures Dimness of Sight Being mix'd with Treacle it is good for the Plague An Ointment made of the Juice of Fumetory and of sharp-pointed Dock and a little Vinegar and Hony cures the Itch. Take of the Conserve of Fumetory and Wormwood each one Ounce of the Conserve of the yellow Peel of Oranges and Limons each two Ounces of the simple Powder of the Root of Wake-Robin of Yellow Sanders of Alloes-wood of the Root of Capers each one Dram and an half of Crabs-eyes one Dram of Salt of Wormwood two Drams of Syrup of Fumetory a sufficient quantity make an Electuary The Dose is the quantity of a Walnut twice a Day This is good for the Scurvy G. GArlick in Latin Allium 'T is hot and dry and Alexipharmick 'T is used outwardly and inwardly in the Flatulent Cholick the Worms for the Plague with Vinegar and for the Stone and for the Cough The Common People use it frequently boyl'd in
of a fungous Pith. The Leaves that come from the Roots and those that grow on the Stalks are placed alternately on long Foot-stalks and sometimes they have none at all or very short ones Those that are at bottom are almost an Hand 's breadth and about twice as long but here in England they are not so long nor so broad The uppermost are of a dark-Green hairy on both sides and indented about the edges The Flowers are many and grow on the tops of the Stalks and on peculiar Foot-stalks arising from the Wings of the Leaves they are yellow and at last turn into a kind of Down It grows commonly upon Heaths and in Hilly Woods and Groves It flowers in August The Flowers sometimes vary 'T is an excellent Wound-herb either taken inwardly or outwardly applied 'T is Lithontriptick and Diuretick Two Drams of the Powder being taken in White-wine hot every Morning 'T is very cleansing and drying 'T is good in the Obstructions of the Bowels and for those that are inclin'd to a Dropsie and for stopping all Fluxes of the Womb or Belly and inward Bleedings Goos-berry-bush in Latin Grossularia It loves cold Places It flowers in April the Fruit comes forth in May and is ripe in June and July The Fruit is very agreeable to the Stomach Being boyl'd in Broth before they are ripe they do good in a Fever They provoke Appetite and stop the Fluxes of the Belly They also cure a Gonorrhea and the Whites They are outwardly applied for Inflammations and St. Anthony's Fire But before they are ripe many of them must not be eaten for they occasion the Cholick and Gripes Wine is made of them when they are ripe in the following manner The Berries being put into a Tub they pour upon them a sufficient quantity of hot Water and then covering the Vessel very close they let them stand three Weeks or a Month till the Liquor is impregnated with the Juice and Spirit of the Berries then they draw it out and put it into Bottles with Sugar which they keep close stop'd till the Liquor is well mix'd and fermented with the Sugar and so it becomes a generous Wine Goose-grass or Cleavers in Latin Aparine This Herb beat up with Lard cures the King's-Evil The distill'd Water stops the Flux of the Belly and is good in the Jaundice The distill'd Water or the Herb cut small and boyl'd in a sufficient quantity of Wine and drunk is an excellent Remedy for the Stone and Gravel The Herb dried with the Spleen of a Calf in a Furnace is accounted very excellent for Tumours of the Spleen and Hypochondriack Winds Take of the Leaves of Cleavers Plantane and Brook-lime each four Handfuls bruise them and pour upon them three Ounces of Aqua Lumbricorum and three Ounces of Aqua Raphani Composit then strain them This is to be taken twice a Day at Eight in the Morning and Five in the Afternoon This is good in a Dropsie Groncil or Grouncel in Latin Lithospermum The Root is about the thickness of the Thumb woody and Perennial and has some Fibres on the Sides It has many Stalks two or three Foot high streight firm round rough and branchy It has many Leaves plac'd disorderly they are long narrow and end in a sharp Point and have no foot-Foot-stalks Those that are at the top of the Stalks and Branches are broader and shorter and of a deeper Green The little Flowers are placed on short Foot-stalks and come from the Wings of the Leaves they are white and consist of one Leaf divided into five blunt pieces The Cup is hairy and consists of five narrow Jags Four Seeds succeed each Flower they are of an Ash-colour very hard and look as if they were polish'd It grows near Hedges in dry Grounds near High-ways and in Bushes It flowers in May and June The Seed of it cleanses the Reins and provokes Urine breaks the Stone and expels it Two Drams of the Seed or more may be given at a time Matthiolus prescribes it for Women in Labour in a Woman's Milk Ground-pine in Latin Chamaepytis vulgaris 'T is a small Plant of the breadth of an Hand and rarely above an Inch or two Inches high The Root is long woody and single The little Stalk is round hairy and somewhat red near the Earth in other Places green inclining to a yellow as also are the Leaves which are placed at small Distances at the Knots by Pairs opposite to one another they are hairy and resemble the Claws of a small Bird they taste and smell like Pitch and Rosin The Flowers proceed from the Wings of the Leaves are yellow and have a broad Lip divided into two parts the Upper has red Spots instead of an Hood they have Threads of a light Purple The Seeds are placed in little Cups four and four in a Rank and they are three-square The Tube of the Flower bellies out and serves instead of a Seed-vessel It grows in Till'd Grounds but is rare in England It strengthens the Nerves incides opens and is Diuretick and provokes the Courses It expels a dead Child and the After-birth and works so powerfully that Women with Child are wholly forbid the use of it because it occasions Miscarriage Boyl'd in Wine or powder'd and made into Pills with Hermodactyls and Venice-Turpentine does much Good in a Dropsie Outwardly used it cures Ulcers by cleansing them and taking off the Hardness Take of Ground-pine and Worm-wood each two Handfuls of Scurvy-grass ten Handfuls of Mountain-Sage six Handfuls six Oranges sliced put all into a Pye made of two parts of Barly-meal and one of Rye bake it and after shred it all small then put it into a Bag and hang it in five Gallons of Midling Ale After six Days drink of it for your ordinary Drink This was used with excellent Success to a Person that was afflicted with the Gout and Scurvy Groundsel in Latin Erigeron This grows every where in the Fields and Gardens and in Courts too frequently all the Year The Juice of the Herb taken in Beer or a Decoction of it with Hony vomits gently Outwardly applied it is good for the Inflammations of the Paps and for the King's-Evil 'T is very probable that it may be useful against Worms for Farriers use it as a present Remedy for the Botts H. HArt's-tongue in Latin Phillitis It has many black Capillary Roots It has six eight or ten long Leaves nine Inches or a Foot long and about two Inches broad of a curious shining Green above below streak'd with small and somewhat long brownish Marks The Bottoms of the Leaves are a little bowed on each side of the Middle-rib It smells strong and tastes rough It grows in moist stony and shady Places especially on Mountains and in Wells and Caves It grows in great Abundance by Walberton near Arrundel in Sussex 'T is used chiefly in Swellings of the Spleen for the Flux of the Belly and for Spitting of Blood Outwardly