Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	grow_v	leaf_n	stalk_n	1,521	5	11.6191	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38822	Panacea, or, The universal medicine being a discovery of the wonderfull vertues of tobacco taken in a pipe : with its operation and use both in physick and chyrurgery / by Dr Everard, &c.	Everard, Giles.	1659 (1659)	Wing E3530; ESTC R1871	56,313	160

superfluous leaves for otherwise these will suck to themselves the force and nutriment of the greater leaves dig the earth with your finger or a little stick and make a hole in it and put into it ten or twelve grains and put a piece of Oxe dung both at the botom and top of them Do not put fewer seeds into one hole for they are so small that they would be choaked and lost It hates cold exceedingly as I told you and therefore you must raise a wall with clay or stone upon the North side of it that it may lie open to the S●uth Sunne that so in Winter it may receive some warmth for then it must be ●enced and covered with mats and straw The Preparation of the Leaves IT may at first be sowed in an open field and when it is grown forth to the height of the leaves or tender branches of Col●worts it may be transplanted and be set apart in the f●resaid long bed● three foot broad and they must be planted in that order that every plant may stand three or four foot off from another least when the plants grow big the greater leaves should touch and hurt one the other and this would prove to be very great damage B●t when they are growne so great that the flowers begin to peep forth presently before the flowers open themselves you shall cut away all the young shoots and tops with all the small twigs on the sides and the lesser leaves that use to grow between the rest For Tobacco must not bring flowers or seeds if you intend to preserve the force of it entire Moreover at the lower end of the stalk of it there are commonly two leaves found the Spaniards call them Bascher●s which take away the pleasant taste of Tobacco if they be mingled with the others You shall therefore be sure to cut off these with the rest that are superfluous and do not use them in any use with the rest for they tast ill and do not smell well and leave but ten or twelve g●eat leaves upon the stalk commonly when the foresaid smalleaves with the shoots on the top and the two lowest and such as are to be rejected are cut off But have an esp●cial care that the Tobacco you desire to sell into these Germane Countreys England or France you suffer it not to runne to flower for all the forces of it will be lost when it flowers Moreover you shall mingle and bruise together the foresaid smaller leaves cut off with the small sprouts and buds of the flowers utterly rejecting those two greater leaves at the bottom called Boscheros as being good for nothing and unprofitable and having pressed forth the juice you shall boyl it in the best sweet strong Spanish Malago wine others adde to it Dants Ale and you shall skim it well and when it is well purified you shall put in good store of salt that the juyce may be as salt as Sea water then cast in a good quantity of Anni-seed and Ginger beaten into very small pouder and let it boyl one hour longer then let it stand that the dregs may settle to the bottom and pour off all that is clear You must keep this juyce thus boyled the Spanis● call it Caldo in a vessel close stopt that the forces may be kept within untill such time as the greater leaves which you lef● upon the stalk for in these resides all the strength of the plant are grown full ripe which when they are come to you shall presently cut them off next to the stalk and you shall se● the foresaid juyce or Caldo upon the fire and boyl it almost yet it must not boyl for should it boyl the strength of it would flie away to nothing and you must dip all the said leaves in that juyce severally But if it be too troublesome to dip all the leaves in one by one you must spread a woollen cloth on the ground upon a floor or in a barn or place where the wind hath no power though it be in the open air and upon this y on shall lay a row of leaves as close as to touch one the other and upon this rank of leaves you shall lay another rank of leaves in the same order yet not wet in the foresaid juyce and taking into your hands a great watering vessel which you must dip into the said juyce or Caldo you shall water by sprinkling all the foresaid leaves and those being watered you shall lay upon them a third and fourth rank and so forward a fifth rank and upon that a sixth of new leaves sprinkling all the rows with the foresaid Ewer or with a brush still observing the same order untill such time as the leaves thus disposed in order rise to be a foot and half high Then you must cover the leaves yet hot with the liquor newly sprinkled upon them with other woollen clothes that all the rows of the leaves may hold their former ●eat and lie to ferment But if that heat or fermentation cannot be procured by those woollen clothes covering the leaves you may lay Horse dung upon those clothes to raise the heat to cherish the leaves and make them stand in a constant fermentation But that they may not grow over hot you must often look upon the leaves untill they change colour And if by the heat they begin to look any whit red and to appear so which may be seen if the leaves be held against the light it is time to uncover the leaves and to take the coverings away for being too much heated they would grow black which is a sign of burning and of corruption and there must be principal care taken that that befall not for this is the chiefest thing to be ob●erved Tobacco being thus warmed and fermented the foresaid leaves must be hanged up with small packthreds thrusting the needle through the greater nerve of the leaves that is on the backside and so they must be hanged up in a windy place but not very high where the Sunne shines for by the Sunnes heat all their forces would vanish When the wind hath dried them enough they must be bound in bundles binding them with cords as hard as you can so that each bundle must be as great about in the circumference of it as a great Spanish Daller but above all take care that th●y be most closely bound together The leaves of Tobacco thus prepared must be diligently and closely pack'd in vessels thrusting them in as much as you can And by this preparing and preserving of Tobacco it will have excellent force and vertue Note in Spanish or Malago wine This way of preparation is of later time and invented by the Spaniards for the use of themselves and strangers For it is probable that the Indians that are the Inhabitants untill such time as wine was brought unto them from other parts beyond the Seas used wine of Dates or of Coccos or some other liquour not to say piss

we will not imitate them When mamany begin to do a thing as if that were more honest we willingly follow them and the Error of the multitude is held to be right by us And elsewhere They cannot abstain from Pleasures that are grown to be a Custom and in this they are the more miserable that they proceed so farre as to make things superfluous to be necessary Wherefore they serve their pleasures and do not enjoy them and they love their miseries which is the greatest misery of all Then is unhappiness come to the height when filthiness not only delights but pleas●th us and there remains no place for remedy when vices are grown to be our manners But all our Admonitions are in vain This Plague infects and more thereto incline One measeld Hog will taint an heard of Swine So that all die infected thus we see One rotten Grape le ts not the next go free To draw to a Conclusion I deny not but that for cold and moist bodies where the brain is large and where the parts are feeble by reason of ●oo much moisture and where there is aboundance of fleg● joyned with it or where that juyce offends the brain with a shaking cold The signs whereof are paleness and no veins to be seen where the hair stands straight firm and are yellow where they cannot endure cold and where the temper of the whole body is cold and stiffe where drowsiness and sleepiness are and the Mouth Nostrils and Eyes are full of moisture this fumigation may be good to empty that sink of naughty and corrupt matter and to shut it out Yet I cannot think it safe at all to take this smoak even in this respect but with Cautions and Consideration and the chiefe is that it be taken for necessity and not for lust and intemperance Let there be sparing and modertaion used But first purge the head with sneezing with the powder of Tobacco as I shall say in another place I think the most convenient way is to make the Pipes you suck it through very long such as the Indians use whereby they draw the smoak from a great distance And I remember that many were wont to use the like for the smoak will come cooler and be taken with more pleasure nor will it reek forth with so foul and sharp fume Also since that the brain is enter-woven with very narrow small Veins it will not willingly entertain those gross vapours that penetrate with difficulty but only such that are thin and hot The Persians and the Turks also cut Lingum Aloes small and mingle it with Tobacco for Diseases of the Head and so through a long Pipe made of Lattone which they put into cold water that the smoak may come the cooler to the brain they draw forth the smoak Some adde some drops of Oyl of Anniseed I have seen others mingle Cloves with it and some again adde other things that evacuate the cold and moist humours of the Head and of the Breast What Instruments the barbarous people use or rather Pipes or Trunks whereof I shall set down divers Figures at the end of this Discourse concerning Tobacco of which Monardus speaks Lib. 3. simpl Medic. And I cannot use any mans words better then his own which the most learned Clusius hath interpreted to us and by which the courteous Reader may best understand it There are brought saith he from new Spain some Trunks made of the inward part of Canes or Reeds and smeered with some kind of gum which I think is mingled with the juyce of Tobacco for it trieth the head If I am not mistaken they annoint the Cane with that and as it is glutinous it sticks fast and is of a black colour But when it grows hard it will hold no longer The Trunk is lighted at that that end where it is smeered with the Gum or Pitch and the other end is put into the mouth and the smoak is received● and this draws all flegme and corrupt humours out of the Breast This they are wont to use when they are oppressed with short breath and are ready to be choaked Clusius addes to the same Chapter That in the year 1585 Wing andecow which is now called Virginy being discovered to the English to their Captain Richard Grenfield and is a Province of the new world and is thirty six degrees from the Aequator toward the North Pole they found that the Inhabitans did frequenly use some Pipes made of Clay to draw forth the fume of Tobacco leaves set on fire which grew amongst them in great quantity or rather to drink it down to preserve their health The English returning from thence brought the like Pipes with them to drink the smoak of Tobacco and since that time the use of drinking Tobacco hath so much prevailed all England over especially amongst the Courtiers that they● have caused many such like Pipes to be made to drink Tobacco with These are Clusius words concerning the English Let me adde that great part of the Low-Countries Germany France Italy Turkie Arabia Persia and many of the Inhabitants of the whole earth if not the greatest part are taken with the scent of this smoak that they do preferre this stinking and filthy smell before the most pleasant perfumes that are in the world But chiefly this ●umigation is of great esteem with with us in the Low Countries and the Merchandize of Tobacco prepared is not the least among other Trafique and the Merchants make a huge gain by it if they have but any good fortune It is a very speedy way and a vast profit to the Merchants of Holland and Zealand who bring Tobacco prepared and dried from the Indies and send it forth to other Countries be they never so wide off from them for they gain by it extraordinarily How many thousands of men may be found in that most flourishing and mighty City for trafique Amsterdam to say nothing of Rotterdam and other Cities in this Province who at first being but of a small meanes for the most part by selling Tobacco have sustained themselves in their poverty and also abundantly provided for their Families for food and rayment and other necessaries and have gained something more for themselves and there are some that have heaped up great wealth by it Yet I do not defend them who under a specious and faire pretence to gain food and some small matter by keeping Tobacco shops as also others that keep Wine Taverns tap-houses and the like do in the mean time increase their estates by keeping Whores and Bawds which they live by But that the Curious Reader may see how mightily this Merchandise of Tobacco encreaseth amongst the Dutch I say undoubtedly that this may be foreseen and foretold by it and it must be confessed maugre all opposition that the most illustrious and most mighty States of Holland by a small and very tolerable tribute to be paid imposed by them upon Tobocco which