Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	grow_v	leaf_n	stalk_n	1,521	5	11.6191	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A22928	The naturall and morall historie of the East and West Indies Intreating of the remarkable things of heaven, of the elements, mettalls, plants and beasts which are proper to that country: together with the manners, ceremonies, lawes, governments, and warres of the Indians. Written in Spanish by the R.F. Ioseph Acosta, and translated into English by E.G.; Historia natural y moral de las Indias. English	Acosta, José de, 1540-1600.; Grimeston, Edward, attributed name.	1604 (1604)	STC 94; ESTC S100394	372,047	616

stalke for that it beares but one and never but once but as I have saide the stalke remaines and castes forth new sienes or stalkes vntill it growes olde and dies This Plane continues many yeares and requires much moisture and a very hote ground They put ashos at the foote of it for the better ●●tertaining ther●f and they make small groves and very thicke which are of great profit and revenue vnto them for that it is the fruite they vse most at the Indies and is generall in all places although they say the first beginning comes from Ethiopia And in trueth the Negros vse them much and in some places they serve them as bread yea they make wine of them They eate this fruite rawe like other fruits they likewise roast it and make many sorts of potages and conserves and in all thinges it serveth very well There is a kinde of small Planes white and very delicate which in Hispaniola they call Dominiques There are others which are stronger and bigger and red of colour There growes none in the kingdome of Peru but are brought from the Indies as from Mexico Cuernavaca and other vallies Vpon the firme land and in some Ilands there are great store of Planes like vnto thicke groves If this plant were fit for the fire it were the most profitable of all others but it is nothing fit for neither the body no● the boughs will burne and much lesse will it serve for building being a sappy wood and without force Yet Don Alonze Darzilla as it is said vsed the leaves of this tree dried to write a parte of the Auricana and in truth it may serve for want of paper seeing that the leafe is as broade as a sheet of paper or little lesse and foure times as long Of Cacao and Coca CHAP. 22. ALthough the Plane be the most profitable yet that Cacao is most esteemed at Mexico and the Coca in Peru in which two trees they have great superstition The Cacao is a fruit little lesse than almonds yet more satte the which being roasted hath no ill●taste It is so much esteemed amongest the Indians yea and among the Spaniards that it is one of the richest and the greatest traffickes of new Spaine for being a drie fruite and that keepes long without corruption they carry whole shippes loaden from the province of Guatimalla The last yeare an English Pirat did burne in the Port of Guatulco in new Spaine above a hundred thousand charges of Cacao They vse it in steede of money for with five Cacaos they buy one thing with thirtie an other and with a hundred an other without any contradiction and they vse to give it to the poore that beg for almes The chiefe vse of this Cacao is in a drincke which they call Choch●laté whereof they make great accompt in that Country foolishly and without reason for it is loathsome to such as are not acquainted with it having askumme or froth that is very vnpleasant to taste if they be not very well conceited thereof Yet it is a drinke very much esteemed among the Indians wherewith they feast noble men as they passe through their Country The Spaniards both men and women that are accustomed to the Countrey are very greedy of this Chocholaté They say they make diverse sortes of it some hote some colde and some temperate and put therein much of that Chili yea they make paste thereof the which they say is good for the stomacke and against the Catarre Whatsoever it be such as have not been nourished there are not very curious thereof The tree whereon this fruite growes is of reasonable bignesse and well fashioned it is so tender that to keepe it from the burning of the Sunne they plant neere vnto it a great tree which serves onely to shadow it and they call it the mother of Cacao There are places where they are like to the Vines and Olive trees of Spaine The province where there is greatest abundance for the traffike of Marchandise is Guatimalla There growes none in Peru but Coca wherein they hold an other great superstition which seemes to be fabulous In trueth the trafficke of Coca in Potozi doth yearely mount to above halfe a million of peeces for that they vse fourescore and tenne or foure score and fifteene thousand baskets every yeare In the yeare one thousand five hundred eighty three they spent a hundred thousand A basket of Coca in Cusco is woorth two peeces and a halfe and three and in Potozi it is readily worth foure peeces and five Tomines and five peeces tried It is a kinde of marchandise by the which all their Markets and Faires are made with great expedition This Coca whereof they make such account is a small greene leafe which groweth vpon small trees about a fadome high and in hote and moyst grounds every foure moneths it casts forth this leafe which they call Tresmitas or Tremoy it requires great care in planting beeing very tender and much more to keepe it when it is gathered They laie it in order in long narrow baskets and so lade theyr sheepe of the Country which go in troopes with one two or three thousand baskets of this marchandise They bring it commonly from the Andes and vallies where there is an extreame heate and where it raines continually the most part of the yeare wherein the Indians endure much labour and paine to entertaine it often many die for that they go from the Sierre and colde places to till and gather them in the Andes And therefore there hath beene great question and diversity of opinions among learned men whether it were more expedient to pull vp these trees or to let them growe but in the end they remained The Indians esteeme it much and in the time of their Kings Inguas it was not lawfull for any of the common people to vse this Coca without licence from the Governor Their vse is to cary it in their mouthes chawing it and sucking out the iuyce but they swallow it not They say it gives them great courage and is very pleasing vnto them Many grave men holde this as a superstition a meere imagination for my part and to speake the truth I perswade not my selfe that it is an imagination but contrariwise I thinke it works and gives force and courage to the Indians for we see the effects which cannot be attributed to imagination as to go some daies without meate but onely a handfull of Coca and other like effects The sawce wherewith they doe eate this Coca is proper enough whereof I have tasted and it is like the taste of leather The Indians mingle it with the ashes of bones burnt and beat into powlder or with lime as others affirme which seemeth to them pleasing and of a good taste and they say it dooth them much good They willingly imploy their money therein and vse it as money yet all these things were not inconvenient were not the hazard of

the trafficke thereof wherein so many men are occupied The Seigniors Inguas vsed Coca as a delicate and royall thing which they offered most in their sacrifices burning it in honor of their idolls Of Maguey Tunal Cochenille Anir and Cotton CHAP. 23. MAguey is a tree of wonders whereof the Notaries or Chapetons as the Indians call them are wont to write miracles in that it yeeldeth water wine oyle vineger honny sirrope threede needles and a thousand other things It is a tree which the Indians esteeme much in new Spaine have commonly in their dwellings some one of them for the maintenaunce of life it grows in the fields and hath great and large leaves at the end whereof is a strong sharp point which serves to fasten little pins or to sowe as a needle they draw out of this leafe as it were a kinde of threed which they vse They cut the body which is big when it is tender wherein is a great hollownesse by which the substance mounts from the root and is a liquor which they drink like water being sweet fresh This liquor being sodden turnes like wine which growes to vineger suffring it to sowre and boyling it more it becomes as hony boyling it halfe it serves as sirrope which is healthfull enough and of good taste in my iudgement it is better then the sirrope of raisins Thus doe they boyle this liquor and vse it in diverse sortes whereof they drawe a good quantitie for that in some season they draw daily some pots of this liquor There are also of these trees in Peru but they are not so profitable as in new Spaine The wood of this tree is hollow and soft and serves to keepe fire like to the match of a harquebuze and preserves it long I have seene the Indians vse it to that end The Tunall is another famous tree in new Spaine if we may call a tree a heape of leaves gathered together one vpon another it is the strangest fashiond tree of all other for first there grows one leafe out of the ground then another vpon it and so one vpon one till it commeth to his perfection but as the leaves growe vp and on the sides those vnderneath doe become great and loose in a manner the forme of leaves making a bodie and braunches which are sharpe pricking and deformed so as in some places they doe call it a Thistle There are thistles or wilde Tunalls the which do carry no fruite or else it is very pricking without any profit There are likewise planted Tunalls which yeelde fruite much esteemed amongst the Indians the which they call Tunas and they are much greater then Plumbes and long They open the shell which is fatte and within it is meate and small graines like to those of figges which be very sweete they have a good taste especially the white which have a pleasing smell but the red are not vsually so good There is another sorte of Tunalls which they esteeme much more although it yeeldes no fruit yet it beares an other commoditie and profit which is of the graine for that certayne small wormes breede in the leaves of this tree when it is well husbanded and are therevnto fastned covered with a certaine small fine web which doth compasse them in daintily and this is that Indian Cochenille so famous and wherewith they die in graine They let it drie and being dried carry it into Spaine which is a great and rich marchandise The arobe of this Cochenille or graine is worth many ducats In the fleete the yeare 1587. they did bring five thousand sixe hundred seventy seven arobes which amounted to twoo hundred foure score three thousand seven hundred and fifty peeces commonly there comes every yeare as great a wealth These Tunalls grow in temperate grounds inclining to colde In Peru there growes none to this day I have seene some plants in Spaine but they deserve not estimation I will speake something likewise of the Anir although it comes not from a tree but from an hearb for that it serveth for the dying of cloth and is a marchandise which agrees with the graine it groweth in great aboundance iu new Spaine from whence there came in the fleete I mentioned 5263. arobes or thereabouts which amounted to so many peeces Cotten likewise growes vpon small shrubs and great trees like to little apples which doe open and yeelde forth this webbe which being gathered they spinne to make stuffes It is one of the things at the Indies of greatest profite and most in vse for it serves them both insteed of flaxe and wooll to make their garments It groweth in a hote soyle and there is great store in the vallies and sea coast of Peru in new Spaine the Philippines and China But the greatest store of any place that I know is in the province of Tucuman in that of saint Croix of the Sierre and at Paraguey whereas Cotten is their chiefe revenue They carry cotten into Spaine from the Iland of Saint Dominike and the yeare that I spake of there came 64000. arobes At the Indies whereas this cotten growes they make cloth which both the men and women vse commonly making table napkins thereof yea and sailes for their shippes There is some course and other that is fine and delicate they die it into diverse colours as wee doe by our woollen cloth in Europe Of Mameys Guayavos and Paltos CHAP. 24. THese Plants we have spoken of are the most profitable of the Indies and the most necessary for the life of man yet there are many other that are good to eate among the which the Mameys are esteemed being in fashion like to great peaches and bigger they have one or two stones within them and their meate is some what hard There are some sweete and others somewhat sower and have the rinde hard They make conserves of the meate of this fruite which is like to marmelade The vse of this fruite is reasonable good but the conserves they make thereof are better They grow in Ilands I have not seene any in Peru. It is a great tree well fashioned and a reasonable faire leafe The Guayavos be other trees which commonly carry an ill fruite full of sower kernells and are like to little apples It is a tree little esteemed vpon the firme land and at the Ilands for they say it smells like to the Punaises The taste and savour of this fruite is very grosse and the substance vnholesome In S. Dominique and other Ilands there are whole mountaines full of these Guayavos and they say there was no such kinde of trees before the Spaniards came there but that they broght them they know not from whence This tree hath multiplied infinitely for that there is no beast that will eate the kernells or the graine so as being thus scattered on the earth being hote and moist it multiplies in this sort In Peru the Guayavos differs from others for that the fruite is not

of a burning color which they call Caribe the which is extreamely sharpe and biting there is an other sort not so sharpe but is so sweete as they may eate it alone as any other fruit There is some of it very small and pleasing in the mouth almost like to the smell of muske and is very good That which is sharpe and biting in this Axi be the veines and the graine onely the rest is not for that they eate it greene and dry whole and beaten in the pot and in sawces being the chiefe sawce and all the spice they have at the Indies When this Axi is taken moderately it helps and comforts the stomacke for digestion but if they take too much it hath bad effects for of it selfe it is very hote fuming and pierceth greatly so as the vse thereof is preiudiciall to the health of yong folkes chiefely to the soule for that it provokes to lust It is strange that although the fire and heate of it be well knowne by experience and that every man saies it burnes in the mouth and the stomacke yet some yea many holde that the Indian pepper is not hote but colde and well tempered But I might say to them the like should be of pepper though they brought me as many experiences as they woulde of the one and the other yet is it a very mockery to say it is not hote seeing it is in the highest degree They vse salt to temper this Axi having great sorce to correct it and so they moderate one with the other by the contrarietie that is in them They vse also Tomates which are colde and very wholesome It is a kinde of graine great and full of iuyce the which gives a good taste to sawce and they are good to eate They have generally throughout the Indies of this Indian pepper at the Ilands new Spaine Peru and all the rest that is discovered And as mays is the generall graine for bread so Axi is the most common spice for sawces Of the Plane tree CHAP. 21. COmming to the greater plants or trees at the Indies the first that shall be needefull to treate of is the Plane or Platano as the vulgar call it I have been sometimes in doubt whether the Plane which the Antients have so much celebrated and that of the Indies were of one kinde This well observed and that which they write of the other without all doubt they will appeare to be of sundry kindes The reason why the Spaniards called it Plane for the Indians had no such name was as in other trees for that they have found some resemblance of the one with the other even as they called some fruites prunes pines and cucumbers being far different from those which are called by those names in Castille The thing wherein was most resemblance in my opinion betwixt the Planes at the Indies and those which the Antients did celebrate is the greatnes of the leaves for that these have them very great and coole and the Antients did likewise much esteeme them for the greatnesse and coolenesse of their leaves It is also a plant that requireth much water and in a maner continually which agrees with the sacred Scripture that saith Like to the Plane neere the waters But in truth there is no more comparison nor resemblance of the one with the other then there is as the Proverb saith betwixt an egge and a chesnut For first the antient plane carries no fruit at the least they made no account the● of but the chiefest reason why they esteemed it was for the shadow for that there was no more Sunne vnder a Plane than vnder a roofe And contrariwise the reason why they shoulde regarde it at the Indies yea make great accompt thereof is by reason of this fruite which is very good for they have little shade Moreover the antient Plane had the body so bigge and the boughs so spread that Pliny reporteth of one Licinius a Romane Captaine who with eighteene of his companions dined at ease in th'hollow of one of these planes and of the Emperour Caius Caligula who with eleven of his ghests feasted vpon the toppe of an other Plane where he made them a sumptuous banquet The Indian Planes have neither so great nor hollow bodies not so broade boughs He saieth moreover that the auntient Planes grew in Italie and in Spaine although they had beene brought thither from Greece and first from Asia but the Indians Planes growe neither in Italy nor in Spaine I say they growe not there for although we have seene some at Seville in the Kings gardins yet they prosper not nor are of any account Finally whatsoever they find alike betwixt the one and the other is very different For although the leaves of the auntient Planes were very great yet were they not such nor so great as those at the Indies seeing that Pliny compares it to the leafe of a Vine or Figge tree The leaves of the Indian Plane are of a wonderfull bignes and are in a maner sufficient to cover a man from the foote to the head so as no man can doubt but there is great difference betwixt the one and the other But put the case that this Indian Plane be different from the ancient yet deserves it no lesse commendation it may be more by reason of the profitable qualities it hath It is a plant that makes a stocke within theearth out of the which springs many and sundrie siens and sprigges divided and not ioyned together These sprigges grow bigge every one making a small tree apart and in growing they cast forth these leaves which are of a fine greene smooth and great as I have said When it is growne to the height of a stade and a halfe or two it puttes forth one only bough of fruite whereon sometimes there are great numbers of this fruite and sometimes lesse I have tolde vpon some of these boughs three hundred whereof every one was a spanne long more or lesse and two or three fingers bigge yet is there much difference heerein betwixt some and others they take away the rinde and all the rest is a firme kernell and tender good to eate and nourishing This fruite inclines more to cold then heate They are accustomed to gather the boughs or clusters as I have said being greene and put them into vessells where they ripen being well covered especially when there is a certaine hearbe mingled with it which serves for this effect If they suffer them to ripen on the tree they have a better taste and a very good smell like to Camoisses or sweet apples They last almost all the yeere for that there are alwaies yong ones that grow out of this stocke so as when one endes another beginnes to yeelde his fruite the one is halfe ripe and the other beginnes to bud anew so as one succeedes another and the fruite continues the whole yeere In gathering the cluster they cut the sprigge or