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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	green_a	grow_v	leaf_n	1,241	5	9.4794	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57005	A medicinal dispensatory, containing the vvhole body of physick discovering the natures, properties, and vertues of vegetables, minerals, & animals: the manner of compounding medicaments, and the way to administer them. Methodically digested in five books of philosophical and pharmaceutical institutions; three books of physical materials galenical and chymical. Together with a most perfect and absolute pharmacopoea or apothecaries shop. Accommodated with three useful tables. Composed by the illustrious Renodæus, chief physician to the monarch of France; and now Englished and revised, by Richard Tomlinson of London, apothecary.; Dispensatorium medicum. English	Renou, Jean de.; Tomlinson, Richard, Apothecary.	1657 (1657)	Wing R1037A; ESTC R221578	657,240	890

long as in amaritude it resembled that which the Bees collect in Pontus It were supervacaneous to treat any more of Honey since we have abundantly spoken thereof in the third Chapter of the third Book of our Institutions CHAP. VII Of Manna MAnna is the most excellent and divine gift of Nature and not onely that which God preternaturally bestowed on the Israelites but this also which like Honey or Sugar-dew distills upon leaves and daily offers it self for our use For our vulgar Husbandmen do no less admire their small Manna than the Israelites did their Sugar-hail whil'st exulting they sing Jupiter rains Honey down whence it is called Areomel by the Arabians Terenjabin and in the sacred Scriptures Manna with which our Manna or Manna Thuris accords onely in name which is produced by the elision of two bundles one against another for therby certain small fragrancies are congested which is collected for Manna Thuris There is also another kinde they call Manna Larigna collected of the broken boughs of the Larix tree but both these too licentiously usurp this title for Manna properly so called which is used by Physicians for I do not speak of the Man-hu or Manna of the Hebrews is celestial dew sweet and gratefull delabing about the day-spring upon the boughs and leaves of trees and herbs which speedily concretes into the consistency of a gum That is best which is collected of leaves and is called Manna de folio and that worst which is called Manna de terra Now the Calabrian Manna especially that which comes out of a certain part of Oenotria is thought the best where it descends every Summer and is gather'd of all Brassavel in exam fimpl Brassavelus tels us Historia how the Neopolitan Kings once occluded this place that none might assume it without toll or tribute but the Manna thereupon ceased to descend the tribute being taken off and the hindrances removed the Manna again descended the place being again occluded it ceased the inclosure or hedge being again taken away it descended so that the Kings were glad to leave it free and permit any to collect it that would The same is storied of the Tragasaan of Salt in Epirus upon which when Lysimachus imposed a tribute there was none to be found when the tribute was contra-decreed the Salt redounded c. 12. l. 9. Rhod. Cal. But that I may not further rove there is a kinde of Manna in France commonly called Manna Briansonnensis which Medicks sometimes use for want of Calabriensis but it is not near so good There is another kinde round called Manna Mastichina Manna ●●●●china which beaten from the boughs and leaves of trees by the impetuousness of the winde which delabes like hail but neither from Heaven nor from the Air which is improperly called Manna being the tears of trees or their juice concreted Manna is moderately hot it lenifies the throat asper-artery and breast it benignly moves the belly and purges watry humours especially the small Manna as that which comes from Calabria not Terenjabin which the Arabians say is like Honey which we use not because we want it CHAP. VIII Of Cordial Flowers and first of Violets A Violet which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 grows in opake and rough places at the foundations of walls or margins of gardens and sometimes in meadows it is green all the year long and flourishes sometimes in February most frequently in March whence it is called Mars his Flower and sometimes in Autumn if it be cultivated it leaves are like Ivy leaves but less and thinner of a short stalk in the end whereof grows a Flower of a ceruleous purple colour and odour like Flower de luce It brings forth a small seed in little round leaves about the end of Summer Now Violets are multifarious and different in colours for some are white some blew and other in a mean betwixt both There are some also which stand upon longer and harder stalks whose flowers are like a purple colour others which are tricolorous and grow upon quadrate slender succulent and reptile stalks in dry places whose leaves are more angust long and lascivious than others from its three-fold colour some call it the herb Trinity others the flammeous Violet and the vulgar Frenchmen the Minute pensea Other small stocks of Violets have got names which because Phyficians seldome use we omit But the martial Violets are wholly used for their flowers being endued with an exhilarating faculty Vires are mixed with Cordials their seeds and leaves being malactical ingrede the decoction of Glysters and confection of Cataplasms All men conclude that their Flowers are refrigerative yet that acrimony they leave in the mouth by mastication speaks them to participate of some calour But because that calour is fugitive being overcome by their exuberant frigidity the Medicks judge them to be frigid CHAP. IX Of the Flowers of Bugloss BUgloss so tearmed from its similitude to an Oxes tongue because it is eximious in inducing hilarity is by Dioscorides and Pliny called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it hath long broad rough leaves like Cumfrey but straiter shorter and not of so obscure a green Its stalks are bicubital brachiate rough its flowers replenished with spots like stars ceruleous shining in the bottome whereof is a long obscure pithy seed It s root is long crass black without white within succubent sweet it grows in gardens in fandy and also in plain places There is no variety neither in nature nor shape amongst the Hortensian Buglosses onely the flowers of some are white of others purpureous and vulgarly ceruleous But the wild ones differ much for some are alwayes green which will like in any region others are very sharp whose leaves are rigid with prominent pricks which by some are mistaken for Anchusa so named from the blood wherewith its root infects the tangent Bugloss is of a hot and moyst or rather a middle temperature whence it is reckoned amongst the exhilarative Plants which Galen was not ignorant of when c. 80. l. 6. de simpl med he wrote that Bugloss immerged in Wine would cause joy and hilarity CHAP. X. Of Borrage flowers BOrrage is an herb notorious enough its leaves and faculties bear an affinity with Bugloss for both their leaves are long resembling a Neats tongue but Borrage leaves are shorter and broader which the rigour of the winter soon corrupts and kills but Bugloss bears it out and grows but especially its root and those leaves that are next ground flourish It bears broad ceruleous flowers and sometimes white larger than Bugloss in the midst whereof as in its center is defixed a certain dusky crown whose end is acuminated It grows in any ground but it is more florid in humid and fat soyl It is fresh all Summer and also all Autumn if it be sown later its seed is black in all other things it responds to Bugloss Its flowers put into broth give a special taste and

Feavers Coughs and asperity of the tongue they cure stranguty and ardour they quench thirst if duly assumed Vires and kill and expell Wormes CHAP. XVII Of Jujubs JUjubs which the Greeks call Zizipha and Zinzipha grow in Syria and now in many places in Italy and Narbone upon a small tree like a Whin with hard spinose and spolious surcles mossy flowers its caule is contorted rough and ramous its boughs slender long obsequious but hard and protended like the branches of Broome its leafes hard oblong like them of Periwinkle alternately disposed at long intervalls about which small mossy and pallid flowers do erupt after whose occase oblong carnose tender berryes of the magnitude of Cherryes vested with a membranous and hard cortex do accede Galen calls them Serica These luteous or luteously purpureous sweet carnose vinous fruits of the figure and magnitude of moderate Olives turgid with a stone yellow without when they have attained maturity are gathered dryed contracted into wrinkles and kept We cannot learn from the Greeks and Arabians any thing of their qualities and salubrity for Galen saith they are ill for the stomack they nourish little and are hard of concoction the Arabians accommodate and commend them to many uses and though Fuchsius acerbly insult and speak against these yet Actudrius Graecus Nic. Alexandrinus and many more much celebrate their use having sufficiently experienced their salubrious effects They cure the Cough difficulty of breathing and the asperity of the Artery they concoct and expell humours Vires cure many vices in the Lungs and Breast help the reines and allay the ardour of Urine and dolour of the Bladder CHAP. XVIII Of Figgs THe Figge-Tree germinates every where but in cold Countreys it is either sterile or beares only grosse and uselesse or small and insuave fruits which never attain maturity in hot regions it fruiticates copiously fructifying twice annually in the Spring and Authmne it is a Tree of a moderate magnitude not assurging with a direct caule nor yet a smooth bark but somwhat rough especially when inveterate its wood is white soft and meoullous its leafes ample quinquefariously disterminated quinqueangular rough hard and obscurely green its fruits which are at first small and green afterwards greater and either white or red with a turbinated figure erupt about the exortion of its leafes without any praevious flowers and as some Figgs are more forward and sweeter then others so are some whiter some redder some blacker then others all are soft medullous and gravidated with small graines while they are immature if they be vulnerated with the stalks or ends of leafes they will emitt a lacteous acrimonious and amare humour There is another low Fig-Tree very like the former excepting procerity which growes in a prique places and somtimes in Septentrionall regions Another wild and infaecund one responds to these in effigies which is celebrated for no medicinall use There is also an Indian Fig-Tree which some think is that same that Pliny calls Opuntia which is a Plant without boughs without Caules consisting onely of leafes which hath not yet been experienced in medicinall uses The best Figges come from Massilia which may be substituted in defect of Dactyls Vires they calefy moderately nourish lubricate the belly but do not generate very laudable blood they attenuate leviate maturefy concoct and profit the asper artery the reins Lungs and Bladder a dry Figge is called Carica by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by which word Matthiolus designes Apias Figg-Tree leafes move baemorrhoids if the Fundament be rubbed therewith the so much celebrated Antidote Mythridate is made of Figgs Rue and Nutts whose composition we have described in the History of Rue Figgs are of much more utility which for brevity sake I will not recenseate See Dioscorides C. 183. and 184. Lib. 1. CHAP. XIX Of Dactyls or Dates DActyls are the fruits of Palmes growing in Aegypt Crete and Judaea which attaining maturity are by Galen called Phaenicobalani the best come from Judaea they are great flave somwhat rugous soft but carnous subdure within white towards the Kernell red towards the cortex of a vinous sapour they sound little or nothing when concussed the flaccid hard and macilent are worse Now there is no small difference in Palmes Galen himself being Judge for some are dry and astrictive as the Aegyptian ones others soft humid and sweet as those we call Chariotae but the best grow in Syria Palestine and many Eastern regions where they suppeditate both meat and drink to the incolists The Trunk of a Palme is crasse round and high rough with dense and gradate notches by the adjument of whose inaequality the orientall incolists can easily ascend their summityes its leafes are Arundinaceous long and acuminated many proceeding out of one exortion according to the longitude of the boughs it beares much fruit on its summity as it were racemously cohaereing but their pedicles are more prolix whereof there are many sorts but the sweet and succulent ones such as grow in Judaea Syria and Palestine are best they are of a yellow or luteous colour neither great nor yet small the green insuave and juicelesse are naught Galen's judgement of the qualityes of the Palme and its fruits is this All the parts of the Palme-Tree saith he participate of an astrictive faculty for the austere succe of its boughs consists of an aqueous tepid terrene and frigid substance But it s sweet fruits have much of calidity they profit the stomack and breast Vires suggest laudable nutriment and are meat for many Nations CHAP. XX. Of Olives THat Olives and their fat juice called oyle appertain to esculents each one knowes for Olives nobilitate rich mens Tables to excite appetite and their oyle is usurped not only in confecting acetaryes frying fishes and praepareing other meats but also in confecting unguents and salves Now Olives are the fruit of a Tree of a moderate magnitude which the French call Olivetum the Latines Olea which especially the sative assurges with a long Caule for the wild one is lower with many oblong boughs laterally diffused hard and pallidly virid like willow boughs with white racemous flowers whereunto oblong carnous succulent berryes called Olives at first green after black with hard stones within succeed the fruit derives its name from the Tree and the succe from the fruit This Tree delights in dry places and hot regions as in Spain Italy and France for it willingly amplects a hot squalid air it either growes not at all or else is sterile and tabid in the Septentrionall regions The Greeks call Olives drawing to maturity and blacknesse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the French Drupae when they are condited with salt the Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 oyle simply so called is extracted from them when they are mature Omphacinum when immature but let herbalists be sought for larger treatises hereabout Immature Olives are

astrictive mature are temperate when condited they recrate the palate excite appetite resiccate and roborate the too humid ventricle nourish little and yet not very laudable blood we have else where treated largely of oyle and its facultyes CHAP. XXI Of Acerb Grapes and Raisons VIne is a name put upon many Plants which agrees only properly to the viniferous ones for they call Viburn the blessed Virgins Sigill and other tall Plants by this name whereas the viniferous domestick is properly so denominated whereof there are many differences desumed from their sapour magnitude colour and state of the Heavens In a generall acception all Vines are either white or black but many are now variegated of a mixed colour which are neither white nor black but rather subrubrous or flave whose Wines are neither absolutely white nor red nor black but mixed flave yellow and obscure according to the various colours of the Grapes from which they are expressed And as all mature Grapes are sweet so all immature ones are acerb and insuave whence Omphacium may be had out of any immature Grapes though it be most usually expressed out of such as are acid and more insuave when mature whose branches are crasser and longer which are deduced commonly to arbour which beare crasse and acerb Grapes whose succe goes to the confection of Omphacium and syrup of Agresta Raisons are the mature fruits of the viniferous Vine so called because they have indured exsiccatory calour they may also derive that name from their sweetnesse as well as calour As passum vinum or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. sweet so all sorts of Raisons are sweet except these of our Countrey which dryed in an Oven are dulcoacid All of them are temperately hot in the first degree and very astrictive if they be eaten with their stones and so they help the dysenterian acerb Grapes refrigerate and astringe CHAP. XXII Of the Curran-Bush and Gooseberry-Tree THe Curran-Tree is a fronticose Plant scarce aculeated with any spines emitting many tortuous not erect boughs and leafes like Vine leafes but much lesse and fruits congested like Grapes small round red and acid The Mauritarians call these red Currans Riben whence our Apothecaryes borrowed their Ribes Botanicks constitute two sorts of this shrub the one bearing red fruit which is better the other black which is not celebrated for medicinall effects there is also a third that beares white and gratefull fruit some of the later writers call the former Ribesium and the other a species of the Gooseberry-Tree so making the berryes of the former red of the later white but they differ much in effigies colour sapour and magnitude For the Gooseberry-Tree is a spinous shrub luxuriating with many slender white and aculeated boughs broad crenated serrated leafes whitish flowers and fruits not racemously cohaerent but depending on long pedicles like berryes they are at first green afterwards white and when mature flave Ribes refrigerate siccate astringe moderately and roborate they extinguish the heat of Feavers represse choller contemperate fervid blood quench thirst arceate putretude help in malign Feavers in the subvertion of the ventricle and dysenteriall affections arising from heat a syrupe is made of their succe most efficacious and usefull for all these ends CHAP. XXIII Of Berberryes BErberryes grow upon spinous shrubs assurging with hard branches of five or six cubits heighth their bark is smooth and whitish their root flave the matter of their wood luteous their leafes numerous rigid acute oblong hard dilutely green crenated and somwhat rough their flowers depending on long pedicles are luteous mossy and splendent their fruits small oblong red and racemously cohaerent this Plant and fruit are called Spina acida or Oxyacantha by the shopmen Berberryes deduced from Avicenna his Amyrberis as Dodonaeus judges who calls this fruit Oxyacantha not Oxacanthum which Amybreris is the fruit of the acute or white spine it is red sweet and rotund they vulgarly call it Senella and Berberryes Spinivineta Berberryes refrigerate and siccate moderately Vires astringe potently cohibite the fluour of blood and other humours allay the heat of the bowells stay vomiting and recreate the intralls CHAP. XXIIII Of Filberds NOthing is better knowen then these Nutts the Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or small Nutts Apothecaryes Filberds or Abellines from the Town Abellinum in Campania there they grow copiously some call them Ponticae because they come from Pontus others Praenestinae because the Praenestians useing these tolerate hunger long They are either domesticall or wild the domesticall are either long and reconded in long and herbaceous husks fimbriated about or rounder with a shorter and more patulous husk Those of the long ones are best that are contained in a red membrane the wild are smaller and lesse gratefull growing in Hedges and Woods All of them are gathered of a low Tree called a Hasle whose boughs if young are streight enodose and obsequious leafes broad acuminated and serrated about bark thin root crasse both fruit and Tree are well known Filberds ingrede the confecture of Lohoc de pineis they are sometimes incrustated with Sugar that they may serve instead of junkers and eat more pleasantly they are hard of concoction they are somwhat Bechicall and because of their pleasant sapour may be admixed to pectorall medicaments CHAP. XXV Of Fisticle-Nuts FIsticle-Nutts grow on a Tree like Terebinth whose exteriour tegument is very thin and green the second lignous fragile and whitish like a Nucament the Kernell is greenish dulcoamare and jucund Pliny saith that Vitellius first brought them out of Syria into Italy and Flaccus Pompeius into Spain Their Tree was heretofore exoticall but the sedulity of latter ages hath cicurated it so that it now fruticates in many Septentrionall coasts but its fruit seldome or never attains maturity the Shopmen call them Festici Posidonius Bistacle Nuts most Pistacle Nutts They are hot humid or temperate and salubre Vires they incrassate the tabid flegme coct and expurge the matter contained in the Lungs liberate the bowells from infarctures augment the spesperme excite to venery and auxiliate such as have pain in their reines CHAP. XXVI Of Almonds AN Almond is not so like a Quince-Tree as many write for it is more frondose taller and more lasting vested with a crasser barke more angust longer and crenated leafes it seldome fruticates in the Northern regions and seldomer fructisyes though its flowers are very patient of cold for explicating themselves before Winter be ended they tolerate frost innoxiously and produce Almonds copiously in Autumn which some cognominate Graecian and Thasian Nutts Some of these are amare hotter and lesse esculent others sweet culinary and more delectable both grow on a similar Tree Oyle is extracted out of both out of the amare bitter oyle which they say is good for paine in the eares out of the sweet sweet oyle which is temperate and most gratefull to nature for it may be

and then the oyl to be pressed out for the commixtion of the other ingredients Ginger with other hard roots green Almonds with other fruits are to be macerated so long till they the wax soft or loose their unprofitable or ungratefull quality In the making of syrup of Poppyes Syrupus de papavere the heads of the Poppyes are to be macerated in water for a day or two or sometimes three till they wax tender and their quality transmitted into the water Lignum Pali sancti and that Peregrine root Guaiacum Radix Chinae which the Easterne Indians calls Lampatan will scarce emit their vertues without a long maceration before their coction The same method must be observed with other woods and roots which ought to be macerated in some or other convenient liquor answerable to their propertyes that their vertues of what kind soever they be may be transmitted into the water or decoction Dates must be macerated three whole dayes in vinegar according to the prescript of Mesue before they be pulped Dates for the composition of Diaphaenicon Tamarinds and Mirabolans also must be macerated in whey made of Goates milk that according to the opinion of the same Author their bad and Nocumentall qualities may be amended and that they may no wayes offend the stomack Tincture or infection is neere a kin to humectation and maceration Tincture of Insection for those that are to be infected must be immerged into some certain juice yet not alwayes for the colour or tincture only but that it may acquire a more excellent quality As Sericum Crudum tinctured in Succo Cocci Baphicae Cochaneel or with a decoction of Kermes Berries before it go into the composition of Confectio Alkermes that it may more increase its Cardiack quality and give it a more delightfull tincture Digestion also may be reduced to Maceration by which Medicaments are occluded in some convenient vessell or other close shut as meat in the stomach and so macerated adding thereunto Wine Vineger Oyle or some other convenient juice Chymists make a more ample discussion of digestion but nihil attinet ad nos under which they comprehend rectification insolation and sometimes nutrition CHAP. IX Of Triture WHen Medicaments of themselves hard and solid cannot conveniently be assumed or applied therefore they are prepared and changed by Apothecaries with such Art that they may easily and wholesomely be assumed for they breake and pulverize them and that either grosse or fine as the occasion requires Now this breaking of Medicaments is chiefly for three ends The reasons of pulverization First That they may be exactly mixed with others Secondly That they may acquire a new faculty Thirdly That their malignity may be corrected The manner of breaking of Medicaments The divers manner of wayes of Triture is different and various for many are brayed in a stone morter as in Marble others in Metall morters as Iron Brass Lead and sometimes glasse others in a Wooden morter as of Box or Guajaicum with pestells usually of the same matter for an Iron pestell is most apt for an Iron morter a Wooden one for a Wooden morter a Leaden for a Leaden morter and a glasse pestell for a glasse morter Some cannot nor will not be so exactly pulverated by beating as by grinding and rubbing and that upon a smooth marble made hollow for that purpose where instead of a pestell we use a little marble stone called a Mannipulus which we hold in our hand and circumduce it this way and that way round the stone Gemms so that we leave no part of the Medicamet unrubbed and after this manner Gemmes and pretious stones are made into powder till we can perceive no knobbs with our fingers which powder so brayed the vulgar call marbled dust after which manner also those powders ought to be attenuated which go to the making up of Ophthalmick unguents Some are brayed and ground with turning stones as Wheat and Barly in a Mill and so a great quantity of hard seeds may easily and speedily be bruised and grinded to powder Those Medicaments we prepare onely for coction need but little bruising and those also that are of a thin substance whose vertue is dissipable need but little bruising also as almost all flowers And those require much bruising that are hard thick solid nervous and not easy to be broken as also such as partake of a malignant quality as Colocinth the grosser part whereof assumed being not well powdered inheres in the turning of the Intestines and exulcerates the part causing the bloody flux Those that confist of a meane substance as many odoriferous simples must be bruised moderately least their more subtill and odoriferous parts should exhale and be dissipated yet they must be beaten very small when they go to the confection of any electuary and when we would have them to search and penetrate to the remotest parts then must they be beaten very fine when we would have them to stay long in the body then they must be courser provided they be not indued with any maligne quality some must be beaten very fine and small that they may sooner performe their operation and manifest their power Roots and hearbs are sometimes beaten green and sometimes dry sometimes raw sometimes boyled for their different ends and uses but those must alwayes but be bruised mode rately that are to be boyled for alwayes observe Note that a greater Triture is requisit for roots than leaves lesser for fruits and a meane for seeds For seeds require but a contusion betwixt roots and hearbs So likewise many Medicaments can scarce be redacted to powder unless something be mixed with them The husks of Silkwormes As Coloquintido fericum crudum Camphire and many more which onely dilate by beating them alone unlesse there be some unctious or liquid matter superadded sometime we use to sprinkle some with wine other with water some with oyl and vineger that they may not only sooner be brought into powder but also better serve our intention The harder part of Animalls as bones hornes clawes nailes may be more easily pulverated if they be first filed or burned in a Crucible There are some who also burn Sericum Crudum Sericum must not be burned wooll and the haires of severall Animalls before they powder them but thereby they loose their former vertues and acquire new ones and therefore it is better to cut them small and dry them in an oven and so beat them strongly till they returne into powder some unctious seeds as the four great coole-seeds are to be excortiated before they be powdered because they clog and sticke to the pestell many gumms dropps and juices conveighed to us from far Countryes are full of tender fibres and as it were covered with a coare which are so hard to be broken and dissolved the innermost not dry of it self that they cannot be beaten to powder alone but must first be