and are salted like Oliues being verie good to eate within them they haue a certaine iuyce as thicke as Honnie and as red as bloud which is good against stains The same operation that is in prepared Mirabolanes is also in them they heate drie they strengthen the memorie the braines and sinewes sharpen the wits and are good against cold affections of the head The Calamo Aromatico called in Gusurate Vaz in Decan Vache in Malabar Vasabu in Malacca Daringoo in Pâ—rsia Heger in Cuncan which is the countrie of Goa and there abouts Northwards Vaycan and in Arabia Cassab and Aldirira is sowed in many places of India as in Goa the Countrie of Gusurate and Ballagate where it is sowed and so groweth it hath no smell at all vntill it be gathered The women vse it much in India for the mother also for paine in the Sinewes it is also much vsed for horses for when it is cold weather they giue it horses in the morning to eate being beaten and mixed with Garlike Cominséede salte Suger and Butter This receipt they call Arata which is alwayes vsed in India for horses wherewith as they saye they doe them great good The Calamo Aromatico is the stalke or Reede of the Hearbe but the inward and spungious part is of yelowish colour the roote of the trée is good for nothing but onely the stalke or Réede therof with that which is in the middest of it What the right Calamus Aromaticus is my verie good friend Doctor Carolus Clusius writeth in his learned Annotations vpon Garcius ab Horto in his 127 leafe whereof certaine peeces were giuen me which I brought out of Egypt where it is found in great aboundance and much vsed They call it Cassab Elderira it is a thinne Reede being freshe and vnwithered of a light Gold yelow colour with many knots and splinters in the breaking within spungie like Cobwebbes white tough in chawing and astringent with a little sharpe bitternesse as I can shew it and much therof may be had out of Egypt where they put it in their Treakle and vse it many other waies to driue downe the Vrine and for the stone Costus which the Arabians call Cost or Cast the Gusurates of Cambaia Vlpor and they of Malacâ—a Pucho whether it is much brought and also into China and other places It commeth from Sitor and Mâ—ndor aboue named where Spiconardi is found and from thence it is brought into Cambaia and India and so into all other places They are trees almost like Elder-trées with white blossomes and very strong of smell The wood and the roote is the Costus it is a great marchandise in Persia Arabia and Turkie where as it is very much vsed I haue many kindes of Costus the Indian described by Garcius with all her tokens The Arabian and Syrian with her right markes and also an other sorte much like Ginger The Indian Costus is the best of them all it healeth driueth downe the Vrine and the stone it cleanseth the Mother being receiued into the bodie or thrust vp into it and maketh women apt to conceiue It is good against the byting of Snakes payne in the brest and the Wormes c. Cabebus so called by the Arabians and also Quabes by all the other Indians Cubâ—câ—m or Cubabelum because the Chiâ—ars before the Portingales comming into India vsed to bring it out of the Ilandes of Iaua from Sunda where they grow and in no other place For as then the Chinars had Nauigation into all places of India trafficking throughout all the Orientall Countries with all kinde of wares as well on the firmeland as in the Ilandes The Iauers which are the inhabitants of the place where it growes call it Cumâ—â— It groweth like Pepper against a trée as Iuie doth the leaues are verie like Pepper leaues and it groweth in huskes like Pepper but euerie graine hath a stalke of it selfe whereby it hangeth The Iaâ—ers hold it in so great estimation that they sell it not before it is sodden because the strangers that buy it should not plant it It is much vsed specially among the Mooâ—es who put it into their Wine therwith to make them apter to accomplish their lustes whereunto they are much giuen and the Iauers vse it against the coldnesse of the stomacke and other diseases Cubebus is a fruit like Pepper about the same bignesse the best are such as are close full heauie and sharpe although they be lesse then Pepper but sâ—mewhat bitter and smell well being iâ— a manner sweete They warme and comfort the stomacke which is weake by reaâ—n of superfluous or windie matter they cleanse the breast from tough fleagme they strengthen the Milt breake winde and helpe colde diseases of the mother beeing chawed with Masticke they cleanse the 〈◊〉 from â—leagm strengtheÌ„ them The leaues called Folium Indum which the Indians call Tamalapatrâ— are like Orange leaues but somewhat sharper and of a dark gréen colour They haue 3 veynes that reach vnto the end of the leafe one in the middle and two on the sides that is on each side one They haue a sweet smell almost like Cloues The trée whereon they grow is of a reasonable bignesse they grow alwaies on the side of Lakes waters or ditches and are in manie places of India but most in Cambaia the Indians vse manie of these leaues and cause them to be caryed and sold by whole balles they say they are good to prouoke vrine against a stincking breath also they lay them betwéene their apparell cloathes and Linnen for it keepeth them from wormes and say it serueth in all things as Spiconardi doth The Latinists haue deriued the name thereof from the Indian word Tamalapatra and call it Malabatrium the Arabians Cadegi Indi that is to say the Indian leafe it is likewise much brought hither speciallie to Venice and is vsed to prouoke vrine to strengtheÌ„ the stomack to helpe a stinking breath Galanga by the Arabians called Galuegian is of two sortes one that is small and smelleth well which is brought out of China into India and from thence to Portingal and other places and this sort is in China called Lauaudon the other béeing greater is found in the Iland Iaua and by them called Lanquas and this smelleth not so well as that of China they grow on small plants a spanne or 2 spannes high from the earth of themselues without â—ing that of Iaua is the greatest plaÌ„t about 〈◊〉 â—pannes high it hath leaues like the point of a speare with a white flower which bringeth forth seed although they sowe it not yet in India they haue planted some in their Gardens for pleasure and vse it for Sallets and other medicines specially the midwyues which in India are called Daâ—a it groweth not of the séed but of the roote which is planted in the earth like Ginger they are great long and haue knottes like reeds it is a thing
pleasant Gallerie This Bettele must be carefully looked vnto and often watered He that desireth to knowe more hereof let him reade the worthie commentaries of learned Clusius vppon the Chapter of Garcius touching Bettele The Noblemen and Kings wheresoeuer they goe stand or sit haue alwaies a seruant by them with a Siluer ketle in their hand full of Bettele and their mixtures and when they will eat giue them a leafe ready prepared And when any Ambassadour commeth to speake with the King although the King can vnderstand them well yet it is their maner to maintaine their estates that the Ambassadour speaketh vnto them by an interpreter that standeth there in presence which done be answereth againe by the same interpreter In the meane time the King lyeth on a bed or else sitteth on the ground vppon a Carpet and his seruant standeth by readie with the Bettele which he continually chaweth and spitteth out the Iuyce and the remainder thereof into a Siluer Bason standing by him or else holden by some one of his slaues or his wiues this is a great honour to the Ambassadour specially if he profereth him of the same Bettele that he himselfe doth eate To conclude it is their common vse to eate it which because it is their dayly exercise and that they consume so much I haue made y e longer discourse the better to vnderstand it although somewhat hath béene said thereof in other places The Kings Lords of India vse pilles made of Arecca Cate and Camphora with beaten Lignum aloes and a little Amber which they eate altogether with Bettele and Chalke in stéede of Arecca Some mixe Bettele with Licium some and those of the richer mightier sort with Campher others with Lignum aloes Muske and Amber Grijs and beeing so prepared is pleasant of taste and maketh a sweet breath There are some that chaw Arecca either with Cardamomum or with Cloues Within the lande farre from the Sea those leaues are solde verie deare It is said that the King of Decan Mizamoxa spendeth yearely thereof to the valew of aboue thirtie thousand Milreyes This is their banquetting stuffe and is giuen them by trauellers and the Kings giue it to their Subiects To the rich they giue thereof being mixed with their owne hands and to others they send it by their seruants When they send any man of Ambassage or otherwise there are certaine Silke Purses full of prepared Bettele deliuered vnto him and no man may depart before it be deliuered him for it is a signe or token of his passe port By the pictures hereafter following you may sée the figures of the fruites of Malacca called Duryoens y e trée Arbore de Rays or roote trée likewise the thicke Réedes named by the Portingales Bambu and by the Indians Mambu with the trée called Arbore Triste or the sorrowfull trée as it is both by day and by night and the trée whereon Arecca doth grow as likewise the Bettele And because Pepper is oftentimes planted at the foote of the Arecca trée where it groweth and clymeth vp round about the body thereof I haue set it downe in the same order as it groweth The description whereof shall in an other place bee shewed among the Spices and drugges of India as also the Hearbes seruing for Physicke and Apothecarie ware c. The 61. Chapter Of the Hearbe Dutroa and a Plant called Herba Sentida or the feeling Hearbe THe Hearbe called Dutroa is verie common in India and groweth in euerie fielde the leafe thereof is sharpe at the ende like the pointe of a Speare and is indented on the edges like the leafe of Beares claw and about that bignesse hauing in it many long thréedes or veines it groweth without taste or moysture and somewhat bitter and smelling like a Raddish The flower or blossome of this Plant is verie like vnto the blossome of Rose-marie in colour and out of this blossome groweth a bud much like the bud of Popie wherein are certaine small kernels like the kernels of Melons which being stamped and put into any meate wine water or any other drinke or composition and eaten or drunke therewith maketh a man in such case as if hee were foolish or out of his wittes so that he doth nothing else but laugh without any vnderstanding or sence once to perceiue any thing that is done in his presence And some time it maketh him sléepe as if he were dead in that sort he continueth for the space of twentie foure houres but if his féete bee washed with colde water then hee commeth to himselfe againe before the twentie fower howers be expired This Herbe the Indian and Portingall women vse much to giue vnto their husbandes and often times when they are disposed to bee merrie with their secrete louers they giue it him and goe in his presence and performe their leacherie together and taking their husband by the beard they will call him Cornudo with other such like iestes the man not knowing any thing thereof but sitteth with his eyes open not doing or saying any thing but laugh and grin like a foole or a man out of his wits and when the time commeth that he reuiueth out of his transe he knoweth nothing what was done but thinketh that hee had slept This Hearbe the slaues vse likewise to giue their masters and mistresses therby to robbe them and to breake open their Chests which is oftentimes done this Dutroa must bee vsed in measure because it is a kind of poyson for if a man giue too much thereof hee may bring a man to his ende vnlesse some strong and present remedie be taken by some conterpoyson or Purgation The remedy thereof consisteth in medicines which cause vomiting for he must cast al out of his body meate or what soeuer is remaining in his Maw then take diuers purgations and strong Glâ—ers as also hard rubbing binding both hands and feete together with letting bloud in the great toeâ— This Hearbe groweth in all places in aboundance and although it is forbidden to be gathered or once vsed neuerthelesse those that are the principal forbidders of it are such as dayly eate thereof for their owne wiues sakes that thereby they might fulfill their pleasures with other men which is the common liuing of them all some few excepted Some men are so vsed to eate and drink Dutroa not knowing of it that tasting onely of the Iuice of the leaues they are presently in a transe and so the wife is well assured and without all feare to satisfie her lust This and such like Hearbes there are in India and are much vsed for that all the care studie that y e women and wiues of India haue is day and night to deuise meanes to satisfie then pleasures and to increase lust by all the deuises they can imagine and to make their bodies the apter thereunto Which to effect they know all the diuelish inuentions and practises which is like the
blacke sauing the first outmost huske is white and smooth without any wrinckle but hath the verie self same vertue and taste that black pepper hath It cometh oftentimes mingled with the Malacca pepper The pepper that groweth in the countries about Malacca is many times also brought into Portingal but verie little for that it is 2 yeares betweene euery ship that sayleth out of Portingale thither which being there taketh in some pepper but most Cloues and Nutmegges with their flowers and other marchandises of China But the most part of that pepper is vsed in the same countries as in Pegu Syon specially in China and other countries bordering on the same which deal continually one with an other Pepper by the Malabares is called Molanga and in the countries by Malacca Lada in Arabia Filâ—il the Gusarates of Cambaia and Decamins of Ballagate cal it Meriche and they of Bengala Moroâ—s and the long pepper which groweth onely in BeÌ„gâ—la and Iaua is called Pelcâ—m Pepper groweth and is planted at the foote of an other trée and most part at the foote of the trée called Arecca or some such like trée groweth vpon the tree like Bettele or Iue The leaues of pepper are like Orange leaues but somewhat smaller they are green and sharp at the ends in the chawing it biteth the tong and tasteth much like to Bettele it growes in bunshes like grapes but a great deale lesser and thynner yet somewhat thicker then Gooseberries they are alwaies green til they begin to drie and to ripen which is in DeceÌ„ber and Ianuary for at that time they are gathered The long pepper groweth in Bengala and some in the Iland of Iaua and is an other kinde of trée the long pepper is of the length of a néedle or the tagge of a point but somewhat thicker and all of a like thicknes it is outwardly rugged and of an ashie colour and within somewhat white with small seedes but in taste and vse it is like the other black and white pepper The white pepper as I sayd is like the black both in taste and forme yet it is accounted for better stroÌ„ger and is not in so great quantitie as the black The Pepper called Canariins in the countrie of Goa and Malabar almost of the fashion of Panike it is of an ashe colour and holow within with some smal kernels which in eating tasteth and heateth like other pepper yet it is vsed onely by the poore people and therefore is called Canariin pepper that is to say Countrie mens pepper or poore peoples pepper therefore it is neuer laden away for it is verie course and of little value neither would it be able to rayse the fraight and therfore is it left in the countrie The other pepper is in India and all other Eastern countries much vsed and spent by the Indians themselues and that in greater quantitie then yearelie is carried or laden from thence for other places for they eate not any kinde of meate but they put therein handfuls of pepper al vnbeaten so that they waste the more In the description of Malabar I haue set downe in what places pepper doth grow and is coÌ„monlie laden and the hauens where the Portingall shippes doe come and fetch it therefore it néedeth not here to be rehearsed pepper is likewise much vsed wheÌ„ it is green to be put in pots with vineger and salt and so is kept a long time and in the same manner carryed into Portingal but it is most vsed in that sort to be eaten in India and is called pepper in Achar in which manner they vse to dresse all other sorts of spices in India and eate it commonlie to procure an appetite as we doe Capars Oliues and Lemons being pickled Pepper is vsed in the kitchen and in Apothecaries shoppeâ— although in both places not as a meate or food but for physicke it warmeth the mawe and consumeth the cold slymenes thereof to ease the payne in the mawe which proceedeth of rawnesse and wind It is good to eate fyue pepper cornes euerie morning He that hath a bad or thick sight let him vse pepper cornes with annis â—ennel seed and Cloues for thereby the mystinesse of the eyes which darken the sight is cleered and driueÌ„ away The Apotheâ—ries make a confection of 3. sorts oâ— peppeâ— in this sort of whâ—te blacke and â—ong Pepper of each 25 draÌ„mes wilde tyme ginger â—nis seed of each an ouâ—ce with honnie is much as needeth to make a conâ—eâ— which is good for such as haue a cold 〈◊〉 the Nucken the paine in the liuer and the Dropsie The 63. Chapter Of Cinamom CInamon in Latin is called Cinamoâ— by the Arabians Quirsa by the Persians Daâ—china by the men of Seylon where it most groweth Curdo of the people of Malacca Caysman and by the Malabares Camea the trees are as great as Oliue trees and some lesser with leaues of Colmi like Baye leaues but of fashion like Citron leaues though somewhat smaller They haue white blossomes and a certaine fruite of the greatnes of black Portingall Oliues whereof also Oyle is made which is vsed for manie thinges The tree hath two barkes but the second bark is the Cinamon it is cut off in foure square péeces and so laid to dry at the first it is ashe colour after as it beginneth to dry it roulleth together of it self and looketh of the colour as it commeth hether which procéedeth of the heate of the Sunne The trée from whence the barke is taken they let it stand within 3 yeres after it hath an other barke as it had before These trees are in great abundance for they grow of themselues without planting in the open fields like bushes the roote of this tree yeeldeth a water which smelleth like Camphora it is forbidden to be drawn forth for spoyling the trees The Cinamon that is not wel dried is of ashe colour that which is ouer much dryed blackish but the best dryed is reddish there is much and excellent water distilled out of CinamoÌ„ while it is half gréen which is much vsed in India manie times caryed into Portingal and other places it is very pleasant both to drinke and to smell but very hote and strong it is vsed against the Colicke and other diseases procéeding of cold it is likewise good against a stincking breath and euill sauor of the mouth There is likewise a water made of the blossomes of this tree but not so good nor so well esteemed as that of Cinamon it self The places where Cinamon groweth is most and best in the IlaÌ„d of Seylon wherin there is whole woods full of Cinamon trees in the coast of Malabar there groweth likewise great store and some woods of Cinamon but not half so good and lesser trees the barke being grayer and thicker and of smal vertue The Cinamon of the Iland of Seylon is the best and finest and is at the least three times dearer in the price The
in India and first of a certain fruit called Ananas ANanas by the Canarijns called Ananasa by the Brasilians Nana and by others in Hispaniola Iaiama by the Spaniards in Brasilia Pinas because of a certain resemblance which the fruite hath with the Pineapple It commeth out of the Prouince of Sancta Croce first brought into Braâ—lia theÌ„ to the Spanish Indies and afterwardes into the East Indies where nowe they grow in great abundance of the bignes of Citrones or of a common Melon They are of a faire colour of a yellow greene which greennes when it is ripe vadeth away It is sweet in taste pleasant in smell like to an Abricot so that by the very smell of them a man may know the houses wherein these fruites are kept A far off they shew like Artichâ—kes but they haue no such sharpe prickes on their leaues the plants or stalkes whereon they grow are as bigge as a Thistle and haue a roote also like a Thistle wheron groweth but one Nut in the middle of the stalke and rounde about it certaine small stalkes whereon some fruite likewise doeth often times grow I haue had some of the Slips here in my garden that were brought mee out of Brasilia but our colde countrey could not brooke them This fruite is hot and moist and is eaten out of wine like a Peach light of disgesture but superfluous in nourishing It inflameth and heateth and consumeth the gums by reason of the small threedes that run through it There are many sortes of this fruite among the Brasilians which according to the difference of their speeches haue likewise differeÌ„t names whereof three kindes are specially named and written of The first called Iaiama which is the longest the best of taste and the substance of it yellow The second Bomama that is white within and not very sweet of taste The thirde Iaiagna which is whitish within and tasteth like Renish Wine These fruites likewise do grow some of themselues as if they were planted and are called wilde Ananasses and some growe in gardens whereof we now make mention The wilde growe vppon stalkes of the length of a pike or Speare rounde and of the bignesse of an Orange ful of thorns the leaues likewise haue sharpe pricks and round about full of soft 〈…〉 the fruite is little eaten although they are of an indifferent pleasant taste The whole plantes with the rootes are ful of iuyce which being taken about seueÌ„ or eight of the clocke in a morning and drunke with Sugar is holden for a most certaine remedie against the heate of the liuer and the kidneyes against exulcerated kidneyes mattery water and excoriation of the yarde The Arabians commend it to be good against Saynt Anthonies fire and call it Queura He that is desirous to reade more hereof let him reade Costa in the proper Chapter of Ananas and Ouâ—edius in the eight booke and eighteenth Chapter and Theuetius in his obseruations of America in the six and fortieth Chapter Ananas preserued in Sugar are like Cocumbers whereof I haue had many Ananas is one of the best fruites and of best taste in all India but it is not a proper fruit of India it selfe but a 〈…〉 fruite for it was first brought by the â—ortingalles out of Brasillâ— so that at the 〈◊〉 it â— is sold for a noueltie at a 〈…〉 and sometimes more but now there are so many growen in the Countrey that they are very good cheape The time when they are rype is in Lent for then they are best and sweetest of taste They are as bigge as a Melon and in forme like the heade of a Distaffe without like a Pine apple but softe in cutting of colour redde and greenish They growe about halfe a fadome high from the grounde not much more or lesse the leaues are like the Hearbe that is brought out of Spayne called Aloe or Semper viua because it is alwayes greene and therefore it is hanged on the beames of houses but somewhat smaller and at the endes somewhat sharpe as if they were cut out When they eate them they pull off the shell and cutte them into shee s or peeces as men desire to haue them drest Some haue small kernelles within them like the kernelles of Apples or Peares They are of colour within like a Peach that is ripe and almost of the same taste but in sweetenesse they surpasse all fruites The iuyce thereof is like swéete Muste or newe Renish Wyne a man can neuer satisfie himselfe therewith It is very hotte of nature for if you let a knife sticke in it but halfe an houre long when you draw it forth again it will bee halfe eaten vppe yet it doeth no particular hurte vnlesse a man shoulde eate so much thereof that hee surfet vpon them as many such greedie and vnreasonable men there are which eate all thinges without any measure or discretion The sicke are forbidden to vse them The common way to dresse the common Ananasses is to cut them in broad round cakes or slyces and so being stooped in wine it is a very pleasant meat The 50. Chapter Oâ— Iaqua or Iaacca THis fruite groweth in Calecut and in some other places of India neere to the Sea and vpon ryuers or waters sides It is a certaine fruite that in Malabar is called Iaca in Canara and Gusurate Panar and Panasa by the Arabians Panax by the Persians Fanax This fruite groweth vpon great trees not out of the branches like other fruites but out of the body of the tree aboue the earth and vnder the leaues The leaues are as bigge as a mans hand greenish with a thick hard veine that goeth cleane thorough the length of them The smallest of this fruite specially that which groweth in Malabar and is the best of all is greater then our greatest Pumpians I meane of Portingall They are without couered with a hard shell of colour greene otherwise it is much like the Pine apple saue onely that the shell or huske seemeth to be set ful of pointed Diamants which haue certaine greene and short hookes at the endes but at the verie points are blackish and yet are neither sharpe not pricking although they seeme so to be These fruites are like Melons and sometimes greater outwardly greene and inwardly Yelow with many soft prickles apparrelled as it were like a Hedgehog Those that grow in Goa are not so good nor of so good a taste as those in Malabar This fruit being ripe which is commonly in December smelleth very sweete and is of two sorts wherof the best is called Barca the other Papa which is not so good and yet in handling it is soft like the other The best cost about 40. Maruedies which is somewhat more then a Ryall of plate and being ripe they are of a blackish colour and with a hard huske the outward part thereof which compasseth the Nut is of many tastes some times it tasteth like a Melon somtimes like a Peach and
eateth a dozen or two of the same leaues or more not that they vse them for foode but after their meale tides in the morning and all the day long as likewise by night and as they goe abroad in the stréetes wheresoeuer they be you shal sée them with some of these leaues in their handes which continually they are chawing These leaues are not vsed to bee eaten alone but because of their bitternesse they are eaten with a certaine kinde of fruit which the Malabares and Portingales call Arecca the Gusurates and Decanijns Supariâ— and the Arabians Fauffel This fruite groweth on trees like the Palme trées that beare the Nut Cocus in India but they are somewhat thinner with the leaues somewhat longer and smaller The fruit is much like the fruit that groweth on Cipresse trees or like a Nutmeg though some of them are on the one side flat on the other side thicker some being somewhat greater and very hard They cut them in the middle with a knife and so chaw them with Bettele they are within ful of veines white and somwhat reddish There is a kinde of Arecca called Cechaniin which are lesse blacker and very hard yet are likewise vsed with Bettele and haue no taste but onlie of the wood and yet it moysteneth the mouth and coloureth it both red and blacke whereby it séemeth that the lips and the teeth are painted with blacke blood which happeneth when the Arecca is not well dried There is another sort which in the eating or chawing beeing swallowed downe maketh men light in the heade as if they had drunke wine all the day long but that is soone past They vse yet another mixture which they eate withall that is to say a cake or role made of a certaine wood or tree called Kaate and then they annoint the Bettele leaues with chalke made of burnt oyster shelles which can doe no hurt in their bodies by reason of the small quantitie of it all this being chawed togeather and the Iuice swallowed downe into their bodies for all the rest they spit forth they say it is very good for the maw and against a stinking breath a soueraigne medecine for the teeth and fastning of gummes and very good against the Schorbucke and it is most true that in India verie few men are found with stinking breathes or tooth aches or troubled with the Scorbuch or any such diseases and although they be neuer so old they alwaies haue their teeth whole and sound but their mouthes and teeth are still as if they were painted with black blood as I said before and neuer leaue spitting reddish spittle like blood The Portingale women haue the like custome of eating these Bettele leaues so that if they were but one day without eating their Bettele they perswade themselues they could not liue Yea they set it in the night times by their Beddes heades and when they cannot sleepe they doe nothing els but chaw Bettele and spit it out againe In the day time wheresoeuer they doe sit goe or stand they are continually chawing thereof like Oxen or Kine chawing their cud for the whole exercise of many Portingale women is onely all the day long to wash themselues and then fal to the chawing of their Bettele There are some Portingales that by the common custome of their wiues eating of Bettele doe likewise vse it When the Indian women go to visit one an other the Bettele goeth with them and the greatest pleasure or entertainement they can shew one to the other is presently to present them with some Bettele Arecca and chalke in a woodden dish which they kéepe onely for that purpose This Bettele is to bee sold in euery corner and streete and shoppe of the towne as also in euery high way for trauellers and passengers and is ready prepared that is to say so many Bettele leaues one Arecca some chalke and many times some Cate for such as desire to haue it which they commonly keepe in their houses or beare in their hands in a woodden painted dish and so eate in this sort first a peece of Arecca and Cate which they chaw after that a leafe of Bettele and with the naile of their thumbe which they purposely weare sharpe and long not round as wee doe they pull the veines or stringes out of the leafe and so smeare it with chalke and rowling it together they thrust it in their mouthes and chaw it The first â—ap thereof they spit forth and say that thereby they purge the head and the maw of all euill and flegmaticke humors and their spittle being as fowle as blacke blood which colour proceedeth from the Arecca the rest of the Iuice they swallow downe The Indians goe continually in the stréetes and waies with Bettele and the other mixtures chawing in their handes specially wheÌ„ they go to speake with any man or come before a great Lord therby to retaine a good smell and to keepe their breathes swéet and if they should not haue it in that sort with them whensoeuer they meete or speake with any man of account it were a great shame for them The women likewise when they accompany secretly with their husbands doe first eat a little Bettele which they think maketh them apter to the game All the Indians eate it after their meales saying that otherwise their meate wold vpbraide them and rise in their stomakes and that such as haue vsed to eate it and leaue it doe presently get a stincking breath They doe at certaine times forbeare the eating of Bettele as when any of their neerest friends die and also on certain fasting daies as likewise some Arabians and the followers of Ali Mahomets brother in lawe doe vpon their fasting dayes In Malabar this leafe is called Bettele in Decam Gusurate and Canam it is called Pam in Malaion Siri by Auicenna Tambul but better by others Tambul Auicenna sayeth that Bettele strengthneth the maw and fastneth the flesh of the Gummes for which purpose the Indians doe vse it but where he affirmeth those leaues to be cold in the first degree and drying in the second it is not so for either his Booke is false printed for hee was deceiued therein for those leaues are hotte and drie in the end of the second degree as Garcius ab Horto himself hath found out likewise the taste and smell therof doe affirme it to be so This Bettele is like a Citron leafe but somewhat longer sharpe at the ende hauing certaine veines that runne along the leafe The rypest are holden to bee the best and are of colour yellowish although some women chuse the vnripe because they are pleasanter in the chawing The leaues doe wither by much handling The Bettele in Malacca beareth a fruit like the tayle of an Efte which because it tasteth well is eaten it is planted like a Vine vpon stickes as Hoppes with vs. Some for their greater benefit Plant it among Pepper and among Arecca and there of doe make a
this custome they obserued in this our nauigation for sodainely the cloud came with a most horrible storme and fell vppon them before they coulde preuent it whereby seuen or eight of them were sunke into the seas and neuer heard of againe and the rest with great hurt and much daunger escaped But from that time forwards they looked better to themselues and haue learned to know it so that at this present they watch for it and yet it giueth them worke enough to doe This storme falling ouer their heads in this sorte continueth through the whole Countrey of Terra Donatal vntil you passe the Cape de bona Speranza The 12. of March being vnder 31. degrees wée were right in the winde and had a calme whereupon we stroke all our sayles and so lay driuing 4. dayes together which the Portingalles call Payraes hauing a verie high sea which tossed our shippes in such sort that the Saylers estéemed it to be worse then a storme for that there the waues of the Sea mette in such sorte on all sides and clasped the shippe in such manner betwixt them that they made all her ribbes to cracke and in a manner to open so that it is very dangerous for the shippes We were in very great care for our Fouke-maste and therefore we bound our Mastes and all the shippes about with Cables as harde as possible wee might This continued till the 17. of March and then we had a little wind so that we hoised saile againe but it continued no longer then to the next day and then we fell againe into the wind and had a storme wherewith our maine yard brake and then againe wee stroke al our sails and so lay driuing or Payraering as the Portingalles call it In the meane time we mended our maine yard and so wee continued driuing without our sailes till the 20. of March with great risings of the waues of the sea which much tormented vs as in that place they commonly doe all the which time we were vnder 31. degrées and could not passe forward In that time we saw many birdes which the Portingals call Antenalen and are as bigge as Duckes The 2◠of March wee had a little winde but very sharpe yet we hoysed our sailes and sayled by the wind The next night after we had a calme which continued to the 22. day and then we fell againe into the winde with so great a storme that wee were compelled to strike all our sayles which wee coulde hardly pull in and could not stay the shippe in any sort it draue so fast whereby wee were in great daunger so that wee were compelled to binde the bonnet about the Fore-castle which was our sayle for other sayle we might not beare and so sayled backwarde whether the winde would driue vs thereby to haue some ease and yet we had enough to doe for wee were compelled to throwe our great Boate ouer bord with all the chests pots and vesselles that stoode vpon the Hatches with other wares such as came first to hand This storme continued for the space of two dayes three nights without ceasing The 25. of March being the day before Palme sunday we had a better wind and weather after we had giuen great almes to our blessed Ladie of the Annuntiation whose Feast was vppon that day and again hoysed vp our sayles keeping our course towards the Cape At the same time we had a disease in our ship that tooke vs in y e mouth lippes throate and tongue which tooke off the skin and made them swell whereby they could not eate but with great paine and not one in the ship but had it The eight of Aprill in the Morning after we had sayled fifteene daies before the winde towards the Cape we perceiued some signes of the land which is greene water but wee found no ground yet was it not aboue fortie miles from the land according to the Pilots iudgement We saw there also diuers of the Birds called Mangas de Velludo that is to say Veluet sleues for they haue vpon the ends of their wings blacke points like Veluet all the rest beeing white and somewhat gray which they hold for a certaine signe of land that lyeth within the Cape de Bona Speranza called Baya de la Goa or the Bay of the Lake and lyeth vnder thirtie thrée degrées a halfe from the coast that reacheth towards Mosambique The ninth of Aprill at night we were againe right in the winde being vnder thirtie fiue degrees and a halfe with a great storme and foule wether that continued till the 14. of the same Month so that we were compelled not being able to endure the force of the Sea with the continuall storme and foule wether to sayle back againe before the wind with the halfe of our Fouke sayle vp for that wee found our selues not strong enough to driue without sayles as the shippes commonly vse to doe which oftentimes is the cause of their casting away as it may well be iudged by reason of the great force and strength of the waues that runne there so that it seemeth almost impossible for a ship to beare out so great a force though it were of Iron And although we sayled before the winde yet wée had danger inough for that the Sea came behinde and ouer our shippe and filled all the Hatches whereby wee were compelled to binde our Mastes Cables and all the shippe round about with Ropes that with y e great force of the Sea it might not stirre and flye in péeces And forced wee were to Pumpe night and day hauing at each ende of the Fouke-yarde a rope that reached to the Pilot and at each rope there stoode fifteene or sixteene men the Pilot sitting in his seate and the vnder Pilot behinde vpon the sterne of the shippe to marke the course of the Sea and so to aduertise the other Pilot. At the ruther there stoode ten or twelue men and the other Saylers vpon the Hatches to rule the sayles as the waues came and couered the shippe the vnder Pilot called and then the chiefe Pilot spake to them at the Ruther to hold stiffe and commaunded the ropes that were at the Fouke yarde to bee pulled stiffe the Saylers likewise and the chiefe Boteswaine standing on the Hatches to keepe the ship right in the waues for if the waues had once gotten vs about that they had entred on the sides of the shippe it had certainly beene said of vs Requiescant in pace And it was there almost as cold as it is here with vs in winter when it freeseth not whereby wee were all sore toyled and in a manner out of hart so that wee esteemed our selues cleane cast away for we were forced by turnes to go to the ruther from thence to the pumpe not one excepted so that we had no time to sleepe rest eate nor cloath our selues and to help vs the better the staffe of our Ruther brake in péeces and had
small vnhabited Islandes called Maghensis full of birdes which are so tame that meÌ„ take them with their hands and kil them with staues From thence you go to Cape Frio a verie good hauen well knowne by meanes of the French traffike whereabouts the â—ouâ—upâ—nambauâ—â— friendes to the Frenchmen doo inhabite about this Cape are many great whales in Latine called Prestis and in Duch Sword-fishes yet they are no sword fishes for that their Iawes are full of teeth like Sawes There are likewise on this Cape manie Parrats in as great aboundance as crowes with vs about this Cape lyeth the creeke by the Barbarians called Ganabara and by the Portingales Rio de Ganeâ—râ— because it was discouered in the first moneth of the yeare and the Bayaseâ—moza this creeke is wel knowne to the Frenchmen because they traffike thither and therin had made a fort it lyeth vnder three twentie degrees on the South side of the Equinoctial line right vnder Tropicus Capricorâ— it is in the entrie sixe Spanish miles broad and further in but three or foure miles broad and there lyeth smaller hils then at the entrie The mouth of this creeke is verie dangerous for that if you leaue the sea you must saile by three vnhabited Islandes where it is great fortune but the ships doo strike in peeces vppon the rocks and cliffes you must likewise passe before a pointe not aboue three hundred paces broade which hangeth from a high hil hauing the form of a Piramides which not onely seemeth verie great but far off shewing as if it were made by mans art which by reason of the roundnesse as also because it is like a tower is by the Frenchmen called le pot de Buere that is the Butter potte a little further in the creeke is an euen rock about a hundred and twenty paces great by the Frenchmen called Râ—tier or Mouse fall to which Villagagno at his first arriuall brought all his necessaries and prouision thinking thereon to build a fort but the waues droue him backe againe about halfe a mile further lieth the Islande wherein the Frenchmen did dwell which before their arriuall was not inhabited and is in compasse about a thousand paces yet the breadth is six times more then the length all compassed about with cliffes as also with water in such sort that the shippes cannot come at it but with great danger onely in one place and that with small boates whereby it appeareth that this Island by reason of the situation is very strong on both sides of this Island there standeth a little hill whereupon the Gouernour had made his house and on a Rocke about fiftie or sixtie foote high in the middle of the Islande hee had placed his Court or Castle called Coligni in honour of the Admirall of France that had sent him thither In other plaine fieldes about the same were the rest of the Frenchmens houses made rounde and couered with leaues or boughes being in all about eighty men 10000. paces or two Spanish miles and ½ further from this Island lyeth another verie fruitfull Island in compasse about thrée French miles called the great Island inhabited by Tououpinambaâ—â—iâ—s great friends to the Frenchmen to whome they oftentimes went to fetch meale and other necessaries there are likewise in this creeke many other small and vnhabited Islandes where there are many good oysters the Barbarians diue vnder the water with theyr hands bring vp certaine great stones whereat there hangeth great numbers of Oysters and so fast cleued to the stone that they can hardly gette them off verie good to eate some of them hauing small Pearles within them they are by the Barbarians called Leripes This water is ful of strange fishes specially Barbels and Sea Swine there are likewise whales with verie fatte and thicke skinnes there runneth likewise into this creeke out of the middle part of the land two fresh riuers vppon both the sides whereof lyeth many villages of the Barbarians tenne or fiftéene miles further along the coast towards the riuer de Plata or the straights of Magellana there is another great creeke by the Frenchmen called Vasarum whereunto they vse to saile as they do to the other which they first took in Hereafter followeth the manner and customes of the people THe Toupinambaultii are not much vnlike our people well proportioned of bodie and limbe but stronger and healthsomer then wee and lesse subiect vnto sicknes among them are found fewe lame cripples blinde or mishapen men although there are of them that liue to the age of an hundred and twenty yeares accounting their yeares by the Moones fewe of them likewise hauing gray haires which is a certaine signe of the temperatenes of that land as hauing no extream cold nor excessiue heate hauing greene trées hearbes and fields al the yeare through and because they liue without care they shew alwaies of one age for they haue no hurtful poyson nor foule water to drink whereby all diseases do grow they haue likewise no passions or afflictions of minde in their countreyes which mooue vexe and consume both the spirits and bodyes as not knowing of any fauours couetous desires chidings hate or enuie which but to our shame consumeth the Christians As touching the colour of their bodyes they are not altogether blacke but browne like the Spaniards because of the heate of the sim they go al naked as they came out of theyr mothers wombes not once shaming therat vnlesse it be at bankets or when they goe to warres there are some of them that bind two great leaues together therewith to couer theyr priuie members not so much for their credite but because they haue either some deformity or else disease therin which oftentimes happeneth among them they are not rough nor hairie as some men describe them for they suffer no haire to hang vpon theyr bodyes for that as soone as they perceiue it they plucke it foorth either with theyr nayles or sheeres which they haue either of the Frenchmen or the Portingales which they pull not onely from their chins but also from their eye browes eye liddes which maketh them for the most part seeme feareful and vgly The hinder part of theyr heades is couered with haire the young boyes vntil they come to mans state we are theyr haire from the crowne of the head downe to theyr neckes but al theyr foreheades shauen as if it were a Friers crowne on the hinder part of their heades they let the haire grow after the manner of our auncestors which were all shorne only in their necks and that was rounded They haue likewise for a custome that they bore holdes in their boyes vnderlippes wherein they stick sharp bones as white as Iuorie which they take out and put in as often as they wil and being older they take away the bones and in steed thereof weare greene Iaspis stones being a kinde of bastard Emerauld inwardly flat with a thick ende because they shall not fall out
your desire and what seeke you as Lerius hath perticularly described then he asketh if he hath a stomake to eate if hee say or make signes that hée is hungrie then presently hee causeth all kinde of victualles to bee sette before him as meale which is their bread rosted flesh of certaine beastes birds and fishes and such like meat which is brought in earthen dishes and because they haue neither Tables nor Stooles they sette it on the grounde and drinke and if they haue any Caouin in the house they giue it him In the end when the women haue wept sufficiently bidding the guest welcome they come vnto him bringing certaine fruites asâ—ing or couertly desiring of him in respect thereof either looking glasses Combes or glasse beades which they weare about their armes and if hee meaneth to stay all night the Mauslacat commaundeth the women to hang him vp a cleane bedde about the which he causeth small fires to be made which oftentimes by night hee causeth to be blowed with a certaine paire of bellowes by them called Tatapecoua which are made of two rounde beddes not much vnlike the fannes wherwith the Gentlewomen in our countrie do kéepe themselues from the heate of the fire which fiers are not made because of the coldnesse of the countrey but to driue away the moystnesse of the night as also because it is a custome with them so to doo and seeing wee are nowe in hand with fire I thinke it not vnconuenient to say some thing thereof they call the fire Tata and the Smoke Tatatin and when they trauaile either to the wars to hunting or to fishing they alwayes haue fire with them because of the Aygnan or Diuell who continually tormenteth them therewith to driue him away which they kindle not with Flint stone and a peece of Stéele as wee vse to doo but rubbe twoo péeces of woodde one against the other one peece béeing soft the other harde which is done in this maner they take a péece of harde wood of a foote long which they make sharpe at one ende almost like a pricke which poynte they thrust it into the soft wood and turne it so often with theyr handes as if they would bore the peece of wood therewith and by that meanes it not onely smoketh but taketh fire which done they take cotten or dried leaues and therewith kindle their fire The guest being in this sort entertained and layd in a cleane cotten bedde if he bée liberall he giueth the men kniues or sheeres to clip and pull out their haires to the women combes or looking glasses and to the children fish hookes and if he chance to haue neede of victuals by the way agreeing with them for their meat hee may take it al with him and because in those countries there are no kindes of beastes to carrie men or their wares they are forced to trauell on foote if they be wearie and that the Indians let them haue some of their maids they presently as being verie willing and ready to serue take vp the burthen often times carrie the man himselfe and if he speaketh vnto them to rest themselues they answere him saying thinke you vs to be as weake and faint as married women that we shuld faint vnder our burthen rather you then shuld think so we would carrie you a whole day long they are likewise touching natural loue better giuen affected then wee for that daily they giue each other flesh fish and fruits it greeueth them that their neighbour shoulde not haue as much as they which liberalitie also they vse to strangers which in this one example by Lerius himselfe tâ—â—d and set downe may sufficiently be proued which is that as Lerius with twoo other Frenchmen trauailed through the woods and was in danger of his life by a fearefull East as also that vnaduisedly hee and his companions had passed hard by the borders of the Margaraters enemies to their friends the Tououpinambaultiers by whom if they had beene taken they had bin eaten and which is more sticking their bodies vpon thornes would haue made them pâ—â—e in that manner for the space of twoo dayes without meate or drinke at the last they came into a village called Pauo where by the Barbarians they were most friendly welcommed who vnderstanding the great danger they had escaped not only from the beast but also of the Margaâ—aters that vse to stick their bodies vpon thornes as I saide before did with such pittie and compassion bewaile theyr hassard that it might assuredly be sayde that those simple Barbarians did not counterfeit but rather wished them all good and first with faire water according to their maner they washed their féet each of them sitting by himselfe in a cleane bedd that done the good man of the house that had made ready their meate set fresh mealeâ— eating like our white bread crums broyled flesh fish and foules with all sorts of their best fruits making them good cheere and when night came he caused all the children to be conuayed out of the roume where they slept that they might not be diseased and in the morning betimes hee came vnto them saying in theyr speech Agite autourassap that is my good friendes haue you rested wel this night and they answered I very well he still as yet sayth hee for I know that yesterday you had a weary iourney To conclude it cannot be expressed with what friendlinesse they were entertained by the Barbarians wherein you may perceiue that although the wilde men are cruell and reuengatiue against their enemies yet they are no lesse louing to their friendes and fauâ—urers Of the healing of the Barbarians diseases of theyr burialles with the sorrow and mourning they make ouer them that are dead IF any of them bee sicke hee sheweth in what place hee is pained causing it to be searched by some one that standeth by or else by the trauellers about the countrey which are their cusening Pages that is Phisitions and are another sort of people then the Caribes who doo likewise affirme that they can ease men of their pains and lengthen their liues Those people are much subiect to feuers and other kindes of diseases but not so common as with vs besides this there raigneth among them a certaine incurable disease called Pâ—auâ— proceeding from their lecherie although many of their children are troubled therewith as yong children with vs are sicke of the small por it maketh blisters greater theÌ„ the ioynt of a mans thumbe which runne ouer al the bodie and face and is no lesse shame vnto them then the French poxe vnto vs they giue the sicke person no meate vnlesse he desire it although he shuld die for hunger and although the sicknesse bee daungerous yet those that are in health spare not to dance leape and drinke thereby troubling the sicke man whereof hee neuer complaineth or once disliketh although it be much greefe vnto him but if hee dieth specially being a