yoake Furthermore shee shall make much account euermore of the Cow which is of a meane stature of a long bodie a large flanke foure or fiue yeares old of a party blacke colour or spotted with white and blacke her bagge great and side a great 〈◊〉 broad betwixt the browes a blacke eye and geat hornes not turning in one 〈◊〉 another nor yet short or small but bright blacke and of a wide and well-spread shape her eare verie hairie a narrow iaw a thick and grosse muzzle wide 〈◊〉 and sniuelly little and black lips her haire glistering and thick set her legges 〈◊〉 her thighes grosse and thicke and her necke long and grosse her backe large and broad her tayle long euen to the heele her hooâ—es short and euen a broad breast a great and grosse brisket and her dugges great and long As concerning the diseases of Calues and Kine they shall be handled as shall be said hereafter in the Chapter of the Neat-heard The dung of a Cow made hot in the embers being wrapped in certaine 〈◊〉 leaues or in the leaues of Colewort and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme 〈◊〉 appease the paine called Sciatica being fried with vineger doth ripen the Fings euill being fried in a Frying-panne with the flowers of Camomile Melilote and Brambles it diminisheth the swâ—lling of the Cods applyed very hot vpon the plâ—ces troubled with the Dropsie it cureth them throughly and applyed vnto any place stung by Bees Waspes and Horneâ—s it taketh away all the paine CHAP. XIIII The way to make greene Cheese Butter and other sorts of Cheese SHe shall be carefull as well for the feeding of her people as also for the gayning of the penny diligently to set on worke her daughters and maid seruants about the good ordering of the Milke of her Kine in the making of the Butter and Cheese thereof And first as concerning Milke shee must not make any account of that which commeth from the Cow after shee hath new calued to preserue and keepe it for besides that it is naught both to make Butter and Cheese it is also very dangerous for to vse Like as we see that mothers which nurse their children make no account of their fiâ—st milke to giue it 〈◊〉 them the reasons whereof you may learne in our Booke of the diseases of Women After the Milke is milked you shall set it in a place where it may be warme to the end it may be kept the longer and become the thicker in short time in as much as Heat doth safegard and thicken the Milke as Cold doth soure it and make it to turâ—â— by and by and therefore to auoid this danger it is good to boyle it and thereupoâ— to stirre it much before you let it rest if peraduenture you be not disposed to keepe it three dayes or somewhat more She shall know good Milke by his whitenesse pleasant smell sweet tast and reasonable thicknesse in substance in such sort as that being dropped vpon ones nayle it â—unneth not off presently but stayeth there and abideth round a good while She shall not let her Milke be kept long as aboue a day in Summer especially in Autumne and the Spring in which seasons Milke because of the heat and temperature of the time would be spoyled and presently turned but as soone as she can she shal gather her Creame greene Cheese Butter pressed Cheese Whay and other commodities which a good huswife is wont to rayse according to the time although in Winter the Kine yeelding small store of Milke as being then with Calfe she may gather three or foure meales together which will not so soone be spoiled by reason of the coldnesse of the Winter which maketh the Milke to thickâ—â— presently Likewise at this time shee shall gather but small store of Butter but shall turne all her Milke into Cheese It is true that seeing Cheese is not of so great price in Winter neither yet so good and daintie as in Summer Spring time and Autumne by reason of the grasse that therefore it shall be no great danger to gather the Butter cleaner from the Cheese in Winter than at any other time She shall gather her Creame from the vppermost part of her milke presently after â—hat the milke is drawne from the Cow and cooled a little and with this Creame to â—ake Creame-cheeâ—e ordinarily accustomed to be sold in Summer to be vsed at 〈◊〉 of smaller account or in the end of dinner and supper The Italians with â—uch Creame-cheese or Paâ—misan doe mixe fine Sugar well powdred together with Rose water The milke curded and thickned without Runnet will make little Cheeses which the Parisiens doe call Ionches The Normans doe boyle milke with Garlicke and Onions and keepe it in vessels for their vse calling it Sowre milke or Serate The Whay may serue for the feeding of the Hogs and Dogs as also in the time of Dearth for sustenance for the Familie if she boyle it but a little For to make Butter shee shall reserue the newest and fattest milke that shee shall â—haue whereof she shall gather no creame and she shall make account of ten pounds of milke to make two pounds and a halfe of Butter To make this Butter shee shall beat or cherne it a great while in Vessels made for the purpose especially whiles the times of greatest heat endure seeing such heat is the cause that Butter commeth not and is not made so soone as at other times If she will make account to sell it she shall salt it and put it in pots of earth such as wee see brought to Paris from Britaine Normandie and Flâ—nders The Butter of a yellow colour is the best and that of a white colour is the worst but that which is gathered in May is better than either of the other As concerning the making of Cheese shee shall chuse the most grosse and fat milke being pure and newly drawne to make Cheese that shall keepe a long time and of such milke she shall gather neither Butter nor Creame but such as it commeth from the Cow such shall be put in Vessels for to coagulate and turne to curds The way to curdle it is to mingle therewith of the Runnet of a Lambe Kid or Hare or the flowers of wild Thistle or the seed of blessed Thistle or the iuice of the Fig-tree which commeth out of the Tree when one cutteth the greene barke thereof or the leaues and hoarinesse which groweth at the small end of the Artichokes or Ginger or the inner skin of a house-Hennes stomack or the spawne egges of a Pike and with these it is vsuall to make Cheese to be eaten in Lent or the blacke mutable Thistle therefore called Chameleon niger Let her beware of casting in any the least quantitie of vineger for one onely drop of vineger is sufficient to hinder the turning of the milke into curds But aboue all the best and most principallest
damaske or sweet water by such meanes you may giue them such tast and smell as you please if you steepe their seed before you sow it in any such liquor as in Honied-vvater in Rose-vvater or in some other kind of water sweetned with Sugar or Muske notwithstanding watering of them doth take from them a great deale of that smell as also of their sauour and taste To make Cucumbers or Pompions sugred you must steepe the seed in water that is well sweetned with Sugar or Honie and to make them sweet in Sheepes milke or Honied water and so sow them and when they be growne you must sprinkle them ouer with the dust of some drie earth and water them a little To make Pompions to keepe long and not to be spoyled or rotted you must sprinkle them with the juice of Housleeke A woman hauing her termes and walking by the borders of Pompions Gourds and Cucumbers causeth them to drie and die but and if any of the fruit eâ—cape it wil be bitter Cucumbers indure fresh a long time if they be put in the sweet lees of wine or else in brine or if they hang in a vessell wherein there is a little vinegar Pompions will haue the smell of Roses if their seed be mingled with drie Roses and afterward sowne together and then also they are excellent good to quench the thirst in burning agues CHAP. XLI Of Strawberries STrawberries haue no need of great toyle or tilling so that they be planted in some good ground not manured notwithstanding but well shaded howsoeuer because they delight greatly in the shadow of other hearbes so also they are found growing amongst great tall trees without any manner of husbanding or tillage It is true that they grow well in the open Sun so that they be watered once or twice a weeke especially when they begin to looke red they must be remoued euerie three yeares to make them beare faire berries and their earth raised about them once euerie yeare and that about Christ-tide and to weed them by hand when as weeds doe ouergrow them in the ground whither you remoue them you must first put horse-dung well rotted or cowes dung a scuttle full to euerie border that is three foot broad dresse this ground in a drie time and let it lye afterward and in a moist time but not rainie you shall set the Strawberries halfe a foot euerie way thrusting the earth close to the root with a dibble In these you may obserue a certaine kind of wonderfull harmelesnesse and innocencie which although they creepe vpon the earth and be continually troden vpon by Adders Lizards Snakes and other venimous beasts are notwithstanding neuer infected with them neither get they any venimous sauour which sheweth that they haue no â—ffinitie with venâ—me or poyson Amongst other pleasures or commodities that they afford the juice or wine that 〈◊〉 strained from strawberries is good to take away the red pimples itching knobs which grow in the face by the heat of the liuer as also to take away the rednesâ—e of the eyes and to wipe out the spots and knobs of the Leprosie Likewise the decoction of the roots and leaues of Strawberries made with wine is singular good for the 〈◊〉 if it be drunke for some time in the morning as also to prouoke the termes in women and this neuerthelesse doth stay the white termes and bloudie 〈…〉 vsed in forme of a Gargariâ—â—e it comforteth the gums and teeth and 〈…〉 rheumes Of Physicke Hearbes CHAP. XLII Of Mallowes WE haue heretofore dedicated and appointed certaine borders downeâ—â—low the Kitchin garden neere vnto the wall of the orchard for Physick hearbes whereof we desire and wish that the huswife may haue 〈◊〉 knowledge thereby to helpe the necâ—ssities of her people And in 〈◊〉 respect it shall not be â—hought strange if we touch in a word the dressing and 〈◊〉 of some few such as are most vsuall and familiar amongst women leauing 〈…〉 and exact description of thâ—m vnto such as make profession thereof for 〈◊〉 drift of my purpose is to instruct the Farmer and his wife or her that is the 〈◊〉 and Dairie-woman so much as is needfull for the maintenance of their house and fâ—milie But we will begin with Mallowes as those that are most in vse Mallowes notwithstanding that they grow euerie where yet if you be disposed 〈◊〉 sow them you may doe it most commodiously in Autumne rather than at any other time to the end their growth on height may be represâ—ed by the comming of Wiâ—ter for by how much the Mallow is the lesse by so much it is the better They loâ— a fat and moist earth and craue to be remoued after they haue put forth foure or 〈◊〉 leaues though indeed it would be much the better not to remoue them at all 〈◊〉 they will keepe a better rellish but to the end they should not grow vp into high and great stalkes alter that they be come forth of the earth you must put some 〈◊〉 bricke in the midâ—est of their leaues They would be oft wed and when they 〈…〉 if their leaues be tâ—ed together at the end they will bring forth a well 〈◊〉 and thicke set root The root of Mallowes steâ—pt in Wine a whole day and afterward wrapt in a 〈◊〉 and roasted vnder the ashes and dried is a fine medicine to rub the teeth withâ—â— and to cleanse and scowre off from them the filth gathered thicke about them 〈◊〉 juice drunke to the quantitie of halfe a pound oâ— the decoction of the 〈…〉 leaues comming to a certaine thick conâ—â—stence is exceeding good for wâ—men 〈◊〉 are in trauell of child birth It is singular also for many other things and therefore is called of some Omnimorbia Hollihocks craue the like husbanding and tillage that the Mallowes doe 〈◊〉 they are of the same kind and in both of them especially in the Mallowes we 〈◊〉 obserue as a miraculous thing that their leaues and flower doe open at the approâ—d and comming of the Sunne and shut vp themselues to goe to bed when it 〈…〉 doe the Marigolds Both these haue verie great power and vertue to mollifie they serue also to 〈◊〉 the bellie especially the young and tender crops of Mallowes haue vertue to 〈◊〉 swage the paine of the reines and doe cause a man to make water The juice 〈◊〉 with oyle doe healâ— the stinging of Waspes The juice mingled with 〈◊〉 doth helpe women trauailing of child birth Their leaâ—es stamped with the 〈◊〉 of willows doe stay inflammations A cataplasme made of their leanes doth 〈◊〉 way the hardnesâ—e of the mother and other parts especially if it be made of 〈◊〉 with oyle of Roses Gentian grows in high places open to the ayre being notwithstanding 〈◊〉 and somwhat ouershadowed This hearb through his bitternesse draweth downe the termes and the stayed vrine The water thereof especially of the root being distilled
swim aboue the water and so you shall sunder them one after another without breaking of them and thus hauing freed them one of another you shall plant them along thâ— sayd wall some three foot from it and foure foot euerie one from another and if thâ— earth neere vnto the wall be not so good as it ought you shall helpe it by such 〈◊〉 of batteling as hath beene spoken of and shall close vp all your care about thâ— plants so remoued with watering them oâ—t The time to sow them is about 〈◊〉 Aprill or in the beginning or else earlier if the Spring-time begin earlier the Indians and Spaniards sow it in Autumne As concerning his vertues seeing it is hot and drie in the second degree as his biting and sharpe kind of tast doth declare we cannot doubt but that it is good to cleanse and resolue as also good for the effecting of the things which â—t hath beene tried to haue wrought that is to say for the healing of the Noli me tangere all old wounds and inueterate and cancred vlcers hurts ringâ— wormes and exulcerated seabs what maligne qualitie soeuer is in them Kings euill clouds of the eyes conlusions impostumes stingings of liuing creatures rednesâ—e of the face and many other accidents which we will runne ouer hereafter particularly But in respect of the verâ—â—es thereof the best and most to be esteemed part are the leaues and for want of them the seed though it haue no such vertue as the leaues the leaues thereof are vsed either as they are greene at the time of their ripenesse or being kept drie in the time of Winter or in powder when they are dried and made in powder as for the way to keepe them we will speake thereof hereafter And to speake particularly of the effects of Nicotiana The cold and windie paine of the head armes and legges will be holpen if you lay vpon the griefe oftentimes the greene leaues of Petum somewhat dried ouer the fire the tooth-ach is stayed by rubbing the teeth with a linnen cloth that hath beene dipt in the juice of the said shearbe and by putting into the tooth a pill of the leaues of the same hearbe The wounds of the armes legges and other parts of the bodie how old soeuer they be will be throughly siccatrized if you wash them first with white wine or vrine and afterward wipe them verie cleane with a linnen cloth and by and by after put thereupon one or two greene leaues well stamped with the juice or the juice alone and vpon it some fine white Linâ— or white linnen cloth continuing the same daily vnto the end of the cure and if you haue no greene leaues take drie ones and powder them and put of this powder into the wounds after you haue washt them as hath beene said and wiped them with cleane linnen The Indians vse it to comfort the feeble not digesting stomach first rubbing it with oyle oliue and then applying thereupon one or two leaues somewhat dried and made pale ouer the fire it is in vse also among the Indian Canibals against poyson wherewith they vse to annoint their arrows when they go to shoot and this poyson will kill by and by if bloud be but drawne for when they go to warre they carrie in one Harts foot of that poyson and in another of the juice of Petuum to remedie the mischiefe and if they haue no greene they carrie drie with them and so soone as they haue applied it to the wound they account themselues out of all danger of death how great soeuer the wound be This remedie was tried by the Indian Câ—nibals by reason of a battell where they were hurt in a prouince called Sauinam and as their custome was to cure their poysoned wounds with sublimate so they not finding store thereof sufficient were made to applie vnto their wounds the juice drawne out of the leaues of this hearbe which shortly after tooke away the paine and venime thereof and so they became whole the proofe of this thing hath also beene made in Spaine sundrie times and amongst others by the Catholicke King himselfe who to make triall of this hearbe caused the wound of a dogge to be rubbed with sublimate and then presently after to be applied the juice of Petum together with the substance and all This same remedie may serue against the bitings of mad dogges so that it be vsed within a quarter of an houre after The decoction of the leaues boyled in water and made into a syrope with sugar or into a â—uleb or Apozeme and taking euerie morning the quantitie of two or three ounces remedieth the difficultie of breath old â—ough so that the partie before he vse this decoction haue beene vniuersally purged by some purgatiue medicine the â—uice and drosse of the said leaues stamped in a mortar doth open the obstructions of the spleene and softeen the hardnesse of the same applied vnto the region of the â—pleene in the morning for want of the leaues the powder may be applied being 〈◊〉 with some oyntment appropriat vnto such diseases The same remedie serueth â—or the paine of the stomach the paine of the bellie and the colicke as also such other griefes comming of coldnesse and windinesse being applied warme and vsed ofâ—entimes till at length the paines be asswaged It is not of the least seruice for the paynes of the matrix the said leaues applied vnto the nauell in manner aforesayd as also if the fume thereof be put into the nose of a woman grieued with the 〈◊〉 of the Mother This is the reason why the women that are subject vnto the disease of the Mother should haue the same alwaies readie Some hold it for a â—â—â—gular remedie against the gowt to chaw euerie morning fasting the leaues of 〈◊〉 because it voydeth great quantitie of flegme out at the mouth hindering the 〈◊〉 from falling vpon the joynts which is the verie cause of the gowt If you 〈◊〉 the leaues amongst hot embers for some space and alterward taking them forth 〈◊〉 them without shaking off the ashes from them vnto his bellie that hath 〈…〉 drunke much you shall asâ—wâ—ge his swelling fulnesâ—e and keepe him from 〈◊〉 The juice of the leaues of Nicotiana stamped clarified and mixt with 〈◊〉 sugar of the forme of a syrope being taken in the morning killeth and casteth 〈◊〉 wormes but therewithall you must lay vpon the parties nauâ—ll some of the 〈◊〉 bruised stamped in a mortar and wrapped in a linnen cloth and let it be presently after he hath taken a clyster of milke and sugar All aches of the joynes 〈…〉 a cold cause all swellings tumours and impostumes comming likewâ—â—e of cold and windie causes all kiâ—es on childrens heeles as also exceeding great itches are 〈◊〉 led by applying the leaues of Petum The juice of Petum layed vpon a 〈◊〉 carbuncleo how pestilent oâ— venimous
to plant the Oliue tree in your Garden chuse out a place standing vpon the South or East quarter raysed sufficient high and open to the Westerne wind and which hath also rested a good while consisting of Potters clay vnderneath and aboue mingled with Sand and Fullers clay being also a close moist and not leane ground and in this you shall plant it about mid March not of sprouâ—s putting forth at the foot of the Oliue tree but of sienes shoots and branches that are young faire and fertile pulled from the boughes of the tree as thicke as the wrist and a foot and a halfe long verie round hauing a sleeke and glistering barke without boughes and cut downe in the new of the Moone raysing the thicke barke about the length of a fathome and letting the greene barke alone which is more fine and thinne And you shall set them in the ground in such manner as they did grow vpon the tree as the lower end downward and the vpper end vpward towards Heauen as when they grew vpon the tree for if you set them the vpper end downeward they will hardly grow but and if they grow yet they will abide barren for euer You must lay the root as also the head all ouer with dung mixt with ashes and set them on such a depth in the earth as that there may be aboue them some foure fingers thicknesse of fine small mould and afterward tread all close downe together round about the new-set Plant and so cast still more earth vnto it as it sinketh with treading or else you may beat it downe with a rammer of wood It must not be transplanted till after fiue yeares but in the meane time you must digge it euerie moneth and dung it with Goats dung euerie yeare in Autumne You must water it with raine water rather than with Fountaine Riuer or Well water And sometimes you must prune and câ—t away the superfluous branches especially the drie and withered shoots and the branches putting forth vpon it if so be that the plant be not become old feeble and broken in such sort as that it standeth in need to be renewed and planted againe for then it will be requisite to leaue growing one or two of the fairest and not to cut them downe before they haue growne eight yeares and then at such time as the Moone is decreasing and the season drie and faire And sometimes euerie eight yeare you must moisten the root of the Oliue trees that are lustie and well liking with the lees or grounds of Oliues to keepe them from wormes and other vermine which are oftentimes noysome vnto this Plant. You must also defend them from Cattell especially from the browsing of Goats which would make them altogether barren You must not plant anie other Plants neere vnto the Oliue tree except the Figge-tree or the Vine whose companie and neighbourhood it reioyceth greatly in and hateth especially the Oake yea euen to be planted in the place where the Oake was standing and is pulled vp for there it dieth presently The Oliue tree may be grafted in the bud with that kind of grafting called the Scutcheon and that of the thickest and strongest grafts that may be pickt out of the Oliue tree as we will further shew hereafter but it were but a lost labour to sow it of his stones and kernels The Oliue tree is lesse subiect vnto vermine than anie other because of his strong â—auour insomuch that it is as good as a shield vnto all other hearbes that are about it as also by his bitternesse it killeth Coleworts Lettuces and other moist hearbes which are sowne in the same ground with it Some hold which is a maruelous thing that the Oliue tree groweth more fruitfull and aboundant in encrease if it be planted and looked vnto by such as are virgins and haue not vnlawfully abused their bodies and other mens beds or otherwise and that therefore in some Countries the plaâ—ing of it is committed vnto such youths as are certainely knowne to be chast as also 〈◊〉 ordering and gouerning of them and that there they grow faire and bring 〈◊〉 much fruit You must gather them with your hand when you are got vp into the tree by a ladder you must not hurt the branches for that might make the Oliue tree barren it must be done in Nouember when they begin to change their colour and are verie blacke this time must be faire and not rainie yea and if it haue rained sometime before your gathering you must see that it be dried vp againe verie throughly Somâ— gather their Oliues after another fashion They beat them downe with long slender Poles or Pearches of Reed not of Wood and are carefull not to strike against them for feare of beating downe some of the branches together with the fruit but such manner of gathering Oliues is not good because the Oliues beaten downe or strucken doe wither incontinently and doe not yeeld so much oyle put also vnto this discommoditie that other which is that the tree is bruised and manie of his branches broken which is a great hinderance in the yeares following Furthermore Oliues are gathered for two ends either to make Oyles or to sent as dishes at Banquets to the end that they may prouoke appetite notwithstanding wee must not thinke that all sorts of Oliues indifferently doe serue for these 〈◊〉 vses for the greatest for the most part are better for Banquets and the lesse to 〈◊〉 Oyle out of But those which are intended to be reserued for Banquets must be carefully preserued with salt Brine or salt Vineger or Oyle or the grounds of Oyle or with Cure or the drosse of Grapes or Honey or Veriuice in manner as followeth They must be gathered with the hand hauing got vp into the tree with a ladder in faire weather when they begin to be black and are not as yet throughly ripe than afterward to spread them vpon a hurdle of Oziers and there picke and cull theâ— out at your pleasure putting aside all such as are spotted corrupted or verie small and reseruing onely those which are grosse and great fashioned like an egge full fast hauing a long and slender stone a close pulpe or flesh and in good quantitie This done they must be clouen in foure places or without anie such cleauing be put whole into an earthen pot and salt Brine or Veriuice powred vpon them or else Honey with Vineger and Salt or Oyle with Salt beaten small or else with Wine new from the Presse or such other liquor as hath beene alreadie spoken 〈◊〉 Some put in the bottome of the earthen pot vnder the Oliues or into their 〈◊〉 the leaues or ribbes of Penyryall Minâ—s Annise Masticke tree Oyle tree 〈◊〉 Rue Parsley Fennell and Bay tree leaues and the seeds of Fennell 〈◊〉 and Rue Finally you must keepe the vessell well stopped and put it in some Câ—llar to keepe but he that would keepe
fast vnto the foot of the same tree some dead dogge or other carrion for to reioyce it withall and some one or other scuttle full of good and small dung to lay about the foot of it or on the contrarie lee ashes if so bâ— that the ground be found too fat and full of wormes The age of the tree will make it to grow full of mosse and if it be young then toâ— much moisture will make it mossie as also too much drinesâ—e This disease feedeth vpon a tree and maketh it leane as the scab doth the beast and we must not thinke thâ—â— this can happen by reason of the mosâ—e that is put about and aboue the wreath of the grafts The remedie for this is to lay it open at the roots as hath beene said heretofore as also to make it cleane in Winter with a knife of wood or of bone for feare that the mosse continuing in peace winne the countrey and in fine deuoure the whole tree He that will haue faire young trees must digge about them euerie moneth and 〈◊〉 off vnprofitable and noysome parts euerie of those times after March and October and so long as vntill they be growne great but when they are become great they must not be digged ofter than thrice a yeare In Winter whether they be great or small the earth must be taken from their feet that so it may be mingled with dung and put into the pit againe to the continuall retaining of necessarie moistured and comfortable influence of the heauens as wee haue said before And in Summer and when it is extreame hot there must be kept and gathered a heape of coole earth about the foot of the said tree to helpe it to auoid the heat and drought of the laid season It is best to disbranch and prune trees when the sappe beginneth to rise vp into them and when they thereupon begin to but and blossome in signe of approaching Summer and this time most commonly falleth out about March and Aprill And in this businesse you must see that you cut the superfluous boughes off dose by the stocke and the sappe thereupon will by and by runne out at the same cut which thing cannot so happily succeed with them which cut trees in Winter And to pâ—â—uent that the thicknesse of the weightie and great branches may not rend the 〈◊〉 from the tree in falling cut it first halfe a foot from the earth and after goef forward to saw off the residue verie close vnto the tree and lastly cast the sawed dust vpon the cut If you disbranch and prune your trees in Winter leaue the stumpes sufficient long to cut them afterward againe in March and Aprill but and if you meane to lop and disbranch your great and old trees to the end they may grow young againe wheâ— you perceiue them to loose their lustie colour and to begin to looke yellow then yoâ— must doe it shortly after the first of Nouember as after that their leaues are fallen and before their sappe put vp againe and in cutting or sawing of these boughs 〈◊〉 their stumps with the stocke that so you may graâ—t vpon them new siences some longer some shorter as the tree requireth being 〈◊〉 in all your worke to take away the most offending branches that â—o the remainder may receiue the more hâ—mour and substance It the tree through age or otherwise become barren contrarie to his wonted custome you must not cut off all his boughes but those onely that are dead Likewise you must vncouer his roots after the beginning of Nouember is past and cleaue the thickest of them and put in the clefts some shiuers of hard stone and there leaue them to the end the juice of the earth may enter in that way afterward at the end of Winter you shall couer their roots againe with good earth When the grafts of three or foure yeare old are broken broused or hurt of cattell or when as you see that at such age they increase not neither grow greater then you must cut them againe and graft them more low or more high than they were And after you haue thus cut it you may take the vnthriuing grafts cut off and graft them againe or some part of them in this new head but somewhat deeper than it was before in the former and let it also be well and close made vp euen from the first setting of it into the stocke and when you haue thus grafted the stocke this second time you must still leaue remaining and not pull away the siences which put forth of the plants so grafted vntill you see whether the graftes doe put forth new wood or no for peraduenture you might kill the plant which yet being reserued and kept aliue you may graft againe the third time if the second should die or miscarrie After the graftes haue put forth new wood of some two or three foot length if they agâ—ine put forth siences more than need and those about the parts which you desire to cherish and to bring to large growth then cut away those superfluous siences and that verie close euen in the yeare that the grafts were grafted but let it be at such time as the sap is in the wood likewise it will not be amisse to cut off some of the principall members of the shoots and grafts of the first yeare if there be too much put forth and to ingraft them in some other place and about foure or fiue yeares after that they haue beene grafted and therewithall the grafts well and close growne to the plants yet once againe goe ouer your former worke and take away after the same manner whatsoeuer you perceiue of ydle remainder for it is ynough for one tree to haue one good member for to make his stock or bodie of and especially those which haue beene grafted small vpon a graft and thus it proueth a fâ—â—rer and better tree in the end But and if the tree were grafted after it had beene growne great and that with many grafts you may well afford it larger allowance according as you shal find requisit and needfull for the better couering againe of the clefts and cuts made in the plant When your trees shall begin to grow you must gouerne and guide them well for three or foure yeares or more namely vntill they be come to a good shape and fashion cutting their top on high and their small branches of superfluous wood so long as till they come to the height of a man and more if well it may be done and dresse them well and set them in good order in their principall parts and members and that in such manner as that one branch stand not too neere vnto another neither yet that they may take hold one of another when they shall grow great and some also must be cut away if that thâ— tree should be too thicke of boughes within that so the Sunne
of the Vine For in America Florida and the new-â—ound Countries there are great store of Vines growing plentifully and in great aboundance without any art or industrie of men although the vse of wine be as yet vnknowne to the inhabitants of those Countries Plato in his Câ—atylus saith That wine is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say iudgement consideratenesse and aduisednesse because it furnisheth the intellectuall part with iudgement and aduise because by his quicknesse it restoreth the spirits whereby it strengtheneth the mind as well as the bodie as Mnestheus hath verie well reported of it Some likewise say That the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say profit and vtilitie because it is infinitely profitable The Latines call it Vinum â— vi by reason of the violence it offereth to the spirit of man when it is taken out of measure The cause likewise why the old Writers called it Temetum was because the immoderate vse thereof holdeth captiue and corrupteth the mind that is to say the vnderstanding We will define wine to be a iuice extracted and pressed out of ripe grapes purified and fined contained in vessels sit for the receiuing of the same conuenient and agreeable vnto mans life and therefore the liquors of the grape newly pressed out is not to be called wine because it is not fined neither yet doth veriuice deserue the name of wine because it is pressed out of grapes as yet not ripe The temperature of Wine and of the liquor newly pressed out of the grapes THe new pressed iuice of the grape is of temperature hot in the first degree but wine is hot in the second degree yea in the third if it be old it is likewise of drinesse proportionable to his heat It is true that according to the regions grounds inclination and disposition of the yeare and such other differences which doe alter and change his temperature very much it falleth out to be sometimes more sometimes lesse hot The wines that Spaine Italie Languâ—doc the Countrey of Narbone in France Gascoigne and other hot Countries doe bring forth proue hot and drie in the end of the second yea in the beginning of the third degree especially when the constitution of the yeare falleth out to be hot and drie and when they are of a middle age But such wines as grow in grounds about Paris or other Countries vvhich draw toward the Westerne or Northerne quarter doe scarcely fall out to proue hot in the beginning of the second degree no not in a hot and drie yeare and though they be growne to a middle age as not hauing passed the age of the first yeare For when the yeares fall out cold and moist all these kinds of wines for the most part growing in these Countries become greene and raw and for the same cause called greene wines and those so weake that hardly may they be iudged to be hot in the first degree and the yeare expired and gone about their heate being likewise expired and spent they either become altogether sower or hauing lost their smell and taste proue to be naught and corrupted Whereupon that which the old writers haue deliuered concerning the temperatures and qualities of old Wines cannot bee proued true of such Wines as grow in these countries wherein the greatest part of French Wines within three or sixe moneths or at the furthest by the end of the yere grow to the â—ull top and perfection of their goodnesse whereas on the contrarie such as grow in hot countries and become themselues more hot will not bee at the best before the fifth sixth yea before the tenth yeare which if it bee so you must thinke that the sinewes and other senses of the bodie doe receiue most harme by old Wines which grow in hot and drie countries and that they are the lesse offended and hurt of the old Wines which grow in this our French soile which is more cold In this countrie new Wine being sufficiently boyled vp and fined as it is more pleasant to the tast so it is more hot cleane contrarie to that which groweth in hot countries Dioscorides writeth that old vvine for as much as it is hotter doth hurt them very much which feele some weakenesse in some of their inward parts but wee cannot say the like of our vvine vvhen it is old but rather of our vvine when it is new for the same reasons Wherefore it followeth that the opinion of Dioscorides and diuers other Physitians touching the heat and temperature of old wines is to bee vnderstood of vvines that grow in countries that are more hot and not of such vvines as if they bee daintie and delicate vvines vvill attaine the height of their goodnesse and summe of their perfection in sixe or eight moneths or at the furthest by the end of the yeare in such sort as that the same being ended they waxe sower yea if they be right noble vvines they bee well forward vpon and toward their perfection in the beginning of the second yeare or somewhat after The force and naturall heate of the dilicatest French vvines is gone after the first yeare is once past but in a noble vvine it fadeth and falleth away by little and little not before the second yeare be past The vvines of Gascoigne and Aniou growing in a hot and drie season draw very neere vnto the nature and temperature of the vvines whereof old vvriters haue spoken because the greatest part of them may be kept vnto the the third yeare The vvines of Orleance are at the best the second yeare and it stayeth with them to the end but when the second yeare endeth they begin to loose their goodnesse Now if the case stand thus in hot countries it is better to abstaine from old vvines than from new which are altogether fined for their old vvines do heate out of measure but the new vvines stir not vp any heate that may molest and trouble and yet they also be very hurtfull because they digest very hardly and beget many obstructions Wherefore in countries that are more hot new vvines may be drunke without any preiudice to the health being of a thin substance and wel fined because they haue but a weake heat But in these our countries which are cold and moist old wines may be vsed as also the new which are of a thinne substance well purged and fined Notwithstanding our countrie old vvines in as much as after some long time they loose their heat and thereby heat the lesse are not so hurtful vnto the head as the new or those which are of a middle age The iuice thereof newly pressed from the grape in as much as it is raw windie and of hard digestion if therewithall it do not ouerturne the stomach and prouoke flux of the bellie doth stay a long time in the stomach and
the end of the decoction white Wine honey of Roses and syrrup of drie Roses In the meane time the wound must be cleansed with white Wine warme and there must be layed vpon it a leafe of red Coleworts warmed at the fire and reasonably greene and there must care be had to keepe the wound from salt and thicke meat from strong wine great paine and vse of women To cause knobs to wast and goe away in any part of the bodie whatsoeuer take the oldest and most mouldre Cheese that you can find knead it with broth wherein there hath boyled a piece of fat Bacon â—r Lard a long time make thereof a playster to lay vpon the place or else stampe in vineger Conchula Indica with Myrrhe apply it to the place and you shall find a maruellous effect Otherwise take nine pints of vrine wherein boyle for a good while two handfuls of Baulme and Dent de lion in a pot of Earth verie close couered and that so long as vntill all come to a pint after strayne out the hearbes in the liquor strayâ—ed out put halfe a pound of Hogges greaâ—e verie new and neuer salted foure ounces of Aqua vitae boyle them all together the space of halfe an houre after put thereto the oyle of Pike and Rosemarie of each an ounce Quicksiluer the weight of two French crownes mixe them all together and stirre them well with a Spatull and by this meanes you shall make an oyntment with which you shall vse to chafe the members troubled with knots before the fire For haire that is fallen by the disease called Tinea or otherwise Rub the bare and bald place with a piece of dyed Cloth vntill it bleed afterward annoint it with an oyntment made of Honey oyle of Linseed and the powder of small Flies burnt vpon a tyle red hot or with Mise dung brayed with honey or with shells of Nuts burnt powned and mixed with wine and oyle For vlcers that are hard to be cured gather with linnen clothes spread vpon the grasse before Sunne rise in the moneth of May the dew of the same moneth afterward wring out the said linnen for to haue the dew which you shall boyle and scum and in boyling dip therein diuers bolsters or plegers of fine linnen which you shall apply vnto these maligne vlcers afterward when you shall perceiue that these vlcers doe not continue any longer so foule and filthie and that they begin somewhat to shew to haue faire flesh boyle in this dew water a little Allome and Olibanum and by this meanes you shall heale them throughly Or else make a powder of the raw or burnt shells of Oysters or of the dung of a dogge which hath gnawed and fed vpon nothing but bones for the space of three dayes after you haue dried the same dung and made it readie to apply vnto the vlcers there is not any thing to be found that will more drie vp the same Or else make a powder of a rotten post For Kibes on the heeles make powder of old shooe soles burned and of them with oyle of Roses annoint the Kibes or else lay vnto the Kibes the râ—nd of a Pomegranat boyled in wine For the blewrieslse comming of stroakes or otherwise steepe in boyling water a cloth hauing salt tyed within vpon a knot and with this foment the bruâ—â—â—â— place To take away Warts or brawnie tumours in the ioynts rub them with the 〈◊〉 of Tâ—thymal or apply thereunto the powder of Sauine or of Hermodactilis mixed with Oxymel Squilliticum or with the iuice of Marigolds The dung of Sheepe wrought with vineger and made soft and applyed doth heale all hanging Warts For the Nolime tangere it is killed if that Nicotiana be applyed thereunto as we will further declare in our second Booke and 76 chapter To kill Crab-lice make a decoction or Lee of the leaues of Wormewood Aron and Nâ—t-tree in very strong vineger For all Burning or swinging with firâ—â— take the decoction of Radish with the lee of vnquencht Lime or an Onion rosted vnder the embers or oyle of Nuts with water or the yolke of an egge dissolued in oyle or Hennes dung tempered with oyle of Roses or mosse of the black Thorne the finest that you can find dried in the Ouen or in the Sunne made into fine powder and with the milke of a woman which giueth sucke vnto a boy to make a Liniment to annoynt the places burned or else take salt water or brine dip therein a linnen cloth and apply it vnto the burning or common Sope with honey and butter or the iuice of an Onion or the oyle of an Egge or else dissolue Allome Copperas the â—at of Glasse and a little Camphire in Fountaine water and good vineger powre this water oftentimes from pot to pot dip a linnen cloth in the same water warmed vpon ashes and apply it to the place or else take two whites of egges beat them together with oyle of Nuts and Rose water adding thereto the remainder of such water as Quicke lime hath beene quenched in stâ—rre them all yet once againe well together and afterward let them stand and settle For Ringwormes Scabs and all manner of sorts of Itchings which happen in the hands legs and other parts of the bodie take the water of a Smiths Forge and put a handfull of salt to melt therein with this water made warme wash the place where the Ringworme spreadeth when the scab is drie annoynt it with the creame of Cowes milke Or else take of Venice Turpentine two parts wash it fiue or six times in fresh water or in Rose water after that it is thus well washed adde vnto it onâ— part of new butter salted the yolke of an egge and the iuice of a sowre Orenge make hereof a Liniment and annoint the scabbie places therewith before the fire Or else for little children take the iuice of Nettles and Populeon and make thereof a Liniment Or else take Soot finely powdred mix it with strong vineger therewith you shall annoint the place hauing first rubbed it well euen to the raising of rednesse in the skin For the Canker take honey of Roses Roch Allome salt and white wine boyle all together till the haâ—â—e be consumed and then straine it through a linnen cloth afterward keepe the water for to wash the Canker Some doe greatly allow and like of the distilled water of Cowes dung newly made to wash the places troubled with the Canker For the falling of the haire called the Moth wash the head of the patient with Oxe pisse till the bloud come and afterward cast vpon it the powder of the white of Hennes dung dried in the Oâ—en or of fine Soot mixt with strong vineger To make any mans haire black Take such quantitie as you shall thinke good of Galls powder them and put them ouer the fire in an yron chasingdish and let them continue there
or else perfume them in the night with Brimstone for this will keepe them sound also if you giue vnto them young Nettles chopped and boyled with Branne they will lay great store of egges They leaue laying about the third of Nouember which is at such time as the cold beginneth but if vpon curiositie you would keepe by themselues some of the fairest to lay egges all Winter long you must feed them with tosted bread steept from euening to morning and giue them to their breakfast and for their meat in the day time and at night to cast them some little quantitie of Oates Barley or Wheas which doth warme them or some Mustard seed which aboue all other things causeth Hennes to lay egges good store that is to say in the sharpe cold times of Winter which thing you shall proue verie true by experience if you make triall of it or else to seed them with Earth-wormes which will also cause them to lay egges in great number You must not let them sit presently after their first yeare of laying and when they are past three yeares old you must eat them You must also dispatch and make away with those that are barren and lay not at all and as for those that doe lay very much you must change their Neasts often and marke their egges to set them in time if it be possible When they are casting off their feathers otherwise called of the common people moulting you must not suffer them to goe out of the place whereinto you haue shut them except it be to refresh them when it is verie faire and then to keepe them that the Eagle and Kite doe not fall vpon them It is vsuall to set Hennes the second yeare of their laying and so the third and fourth and so let any set many Hennes at one time and vnder their straw some pieces of yron for feare it shou'd thunder or else some Bay leaues or the heads of Garlicke or else some greene grasse for some say that this is good against the Pip and the monstrous fruit They are put there in the growth of the Moone after the twelfth day of the new Moone vntill the foureteenth saith Florentine and Columella saith from the tenth vnto the fifteenth to the end that the Hennes may hatch in the next new Moone for to that end they stand not in need of any moe daies than one and twentie And the Neasts of these Hennes must be made in the bottome of a Tunne or Pipe to the end that when they come off they cause not any thing to fall or roule Some perfume the straw that they are to sit vpon before they lay the egges therein with Brimstone to keepe the Henne for hatching before her time And you shall set vnder her the egges that you haue marked and of those the fairest and newest and if it be possible those of her owne And looke that they haue beene layd since the seuenth of Februarie and before the two and twentieth of September for such as are layd at any other time are nothing worth no more than those which were first layd or yet those which were layd by the Henne without the help of the Cock and there must alwaieâ—s care be had that they be odde that is to say in Ianuary fifteene in March nineteene and after Aprill one and twentie The greatest part of the inhabitants of Lyons doe admit of no other number than three and twentie After the second of October they set not any more neyther indeed ought they if it be not in Ouens according to the vse of the inhabitants of Maliha and some of those of Beauceron But Hennes are too much punished and put to paine to breed and bring vp Chickens in Winter As also there is a common opinion receiued That after mid-Iune Hennes are small worth and cannot encreaâ—e so rightly and well to the purpose If curiositie draw you to set egges vnder Hennes which be not their owne as those of the Goose Peacocke or Indian Henne or else of Ducks then let them be put vnder the Henne some seuen or nine dayes before and after adde thereto of her owne some such odde number as hath beene spoken of before But and if they be Fesants egges you need not to set the Henne any sooner vpon them then and if they were her owne for they require no more time to be hatcht in And if you would haue them all Henne-birds then set such egges as are more round and blunt for the long and sharpe-pointed ones are commonly Cock-birds Some are carefull not to put one after another into the Neast but set them in rowes in a Woodden Platter and thence let themslide downe into the Neast verie softly And care must be had that neither Cockes nor any other Hennes may goe in to sit vpon them and to that end twice euery day to set meat and drinke so neere vnto the Henne as that shee need not rise for to feed her selfe for if but for her meat shee once cast off her care of them it will be much adoe to get her to returne vnto them againe if she be not a free and verie kind Henne If the Henne haue small care to returne vnto her egges to sit vpon them equally it will be good sometimes to turne them ouer softly when she shall be from her Neast There are some women that cannot stay to the end of the Hatching but about the fourth day after the setting of the Henne they will be heauing euerie one of them vp one after one to looke vpon in the cleere Sunne-shine and if they see not bloudie streames or threads within them they cast them out and put vnder others in their places And in like manner at the one and twentith day if they find that she stayeth from hatching they take off the Henne But good sitting Hennes will not returne any more to their Neasts after that the egges haue been touched Likewise the good Huswife sayth That as for the egges which are vnder the Henne they ought not to be touched till they be hatched Likewise they must be well chosen and viewed in the Sunne betwixt both her hands before that they be put vnder the Henne Such as doe any thing doubt that the egges are not all good and that the Chickens cannot come forth by reason of the hardnesse of the shell must not faile to bath them about the eighteenth day in a hollow dish and warme water and to take away such as swim aboue the water putting the rest vnder the Henne againe But you must not force the Henne to rise off the Neast in your thus doing You shall greatly pleasure the Henne if when the Chickens begin to chirpe and there be found some which will not let the Chicken come forth by reason of the hardnesse of the shell that then you helpe her to breake the same howsoeuer indeed this is the part of a good conditioned Henne
or Harts-thorne and of common Salt all being boyled in vvater and taken in the same vvater vvarme and giue him nothing to drinke or eat vntill it haue done purging And to the end that you may keepe him from being sicke all the yeare at the beginning of the Spring Summer Autumne and Winter cause him to take downe a drinke made of the leaues of Capers Mercurie and Cypres pouned and mixed in water and let rest in the vessel one whole night and so continuing this for three mornings If he haue beene bitten of any Adder Scorpion or Shrew or Mad-dogge it 〈◊〉 ordinarie to annoint the wound with Oyle of Scorpions or with Sope tempered and softened in Vinegar also some vse to vvash them with the decoction of Bâ—â—â—â—burre And against the stinging of Hornets it is accustomed to rubbe the place with Ceruse tempered in Water and some doe sprinkle the place of the Oxe his feeâ—ding with the dâ—coction of Bay-berries thereby to cause the Oxe flies to auoid and keepe away or else they rub the Oxen themselues with the said decoction and if he be alreadie stung some doe moisten the place with the Oxe his owne driuell The small beast abiding in the grasse called of the Latines Buprestis and resembling in soâ—â—e sort the beast which the French men call Fouillemerde if it be eaten of Oxen Kine or Horse as they feed in the meadowes it so swelleth them as that they burst and die as we haue obserued in many in the yere past 1572. Now if the Neaâ—heard doe perceiue that any of his Oxen or Kine haue eaten any of these beasts he must make them presently to drinke some Cows milke or the decoction of drie figs or Dates in Wine and withall giue them verie strong Clysters For the scabbe some rubbe them with bruised Garlicke Sauorie Brimstone and Vinegar of Galls stamped in the juice of Carmint or Hore-hound and Iuie And as for vlcers they are rubbed with Mallows stamped in white Wine and as for 〈◊〉 and apostumes they must be killed with strong leauens onions lillies or squils and vinegar and afterward to digge them out and wash them with the beasts owne 〈◊〉 hot and also put into the hollow places tents of Tarre and finally lint dipt in Goata or Oxe sewet For the paine of the Eyes if they beswolne and puffed vp there must be made an Eye-salue of the floure of Wheat kneaded with Honie and Water If there be in them euer a spot or naile you must take Sal-armoniacke and make an oyntment thereof with Honie When the Oxe hath his eye continually trickling downe teares and berayeth all his cheekes with the humour dropping downe from it take of the pappe that is made with Wheat floure and make a cataplasme to be applyed vnto the eye The vvill Poppie stalke and root stampt with Honie serueth to make a medicine for this purpose In the paines of the flankes which oftentimes torment Oxen you must make a cataplasme of three handfulls of Colewort seed with a quarter of a pecke of Starch well stamped together and tempered with cold water and after applie it vnto the parts pained The best remedie that can be found for them is to take of the leaues of Cypres without the boughs three handfulls and to doe as before adding to them strong vinegar to worke and dissolue them in In the paines of the reines you must let him bloud in the veines vnder the tayle behind or else the veine called the Mother-veine which is found along the flankes drawing neere vnto the reines for his drinke giue him of the juice of Leekes with warme water or else with his owne vrine For the scabbe you must rubbe it with his owne stale and with old salt Butter or annoint it with Perrosin melted in white Wine Vnto Lice you must vse the decoction of the wild Oliue tree with Salt and you must take away the bladders which he hath vnder his tongue For the paine of the Lungs some make him drinke the juice of Leeks with sweet white Wine and some put into his eare the root of Hazle tree For the difficultie of breathing some doe pierce his eare or the great skinne of his throat with the root of Beare-foot or Lyons-paw or Hellebor If he haue his should pitcht and shrunke you must let him bloud vpon the foot behind and on the contrarie side and if both his shoulders should be shrunke then you must let him bloud on both his hinder legges If he haue his necke broken and the chine bagging and swolne you must let him bloud vpon one of his Eares and if it be in the middest of the necke then of both and lay vnto the disease an emplaister made with an Oxe marrow and sewet of a male Goat molten in equall portions in Oyle and Tarre or melted Pitch as also to rub the swelled part with a collop of Bacon without anie fat and which is of a Hogge and a little heated and this to be continued morning and euening the space of fiue or six daies If his feet swell you must apply vnto him a Cataplasme made of the leaues of the Elder tree stampt with seame made of Hogges grease If his hide cleaue to his bones you must bath him with wine either alone or mingled with honey If he halt by taking cold on his feet you must wash them with his owne stale old and warme If it come through aboundance of bloud falling vpon his pasterne and foot it must be dissolued by rubbing it hard and scarrifying it If yet it will not away and be notwithstanding but newly fallen downe you must cleaue the horne of the hoofe at the tip thereof euen to the quicke and so cause it come forth and wrap his pasterne in a Leather pouch in such sort as that the water may not hurt him till he be whole If he halt by reason of some sinew hauing taken a blow by some other beasts heele then you must bath his legges with oyle and salt If it come with anie swelling in the knee you must bath it with vineger made hot or with the decoction of Millet and Linseed In all such haps you must burne with a hot yron the part diseased and then put vpon it fresh butter washt in water and vineger and after in the end to make an oyntment with salt butter and the grease of a male Goat If it grow vpon anie splint or dash against anie stone or stocke you must bath the place with hot stale and lay vpon it old Hogges grease melted in Oyle and Tarre And there is nothing that will more keepe them from halting than to wash their feet with cold water so soone as they be vnyoaked and after to chaâ—e them with old Hogges grease If the horne cleaue or shiuer you must first foment it with vineger salt and oyle mingled together after put vpon it old Swines
commodious to either CHAP. XXVI Of the Goat-heard SVndrie countries in Europe and particularly some places of France are to be found where they haue not the commoditie and benefit of any greater cattell than the Goat and of this they can make milke meats much Butter and more wholesome than that of the sheepe as other things also accompanying thesame the wooll and skin onely excepted of which notwithstanding they make Chamlet in Turkie and as for their young ones they are sold in their season and make as good meat as any that can be found And this time is when as birds doe couple and match together and other beasts goe to rut for the young ones of this kind being indeed verie young are apt to be compared vvith the Lambes of the same age Witnesse to the Cookes and Vittailers vvhich craftily set the tayle of a Kid vpon the quarter of a lambe which is found to haue but a skinnie and vnsauorie flesh without any daintinesse or tast at all saue of the milke The Goat is fed as it were with nothing he brouseth and feedeth of all manner of grasse of pricking things be they neuer so sharpe vpon the hedges bushes brambles yea vpon venimous and infectious things he loueth to brouse the wood of fruit trees he delighteth to licke the moist walls and rockes tasting of Saltpetur in such sort as that you shall neuer see a Goat dye of hunger he feedeth for the most part of a more solide meat than the Weather and climeth into higher places and where the Sunne hath greater power besides he is of greater stirring and more giuen to exercise and therewithall framed of a more strong and lustie bodie These haue beene the causes why men in times past haue esteemed them as they doe yet also in hillie countries and we for the few that we haue doe prouide Heards and Houses for them amongst the Sheepe and wee seperate the male Goats in such sort as vve doe the Rammes Their house must bee paued vvith stone eyther by workemen or naturally for these cattell are not allowed any kind of litter at all and that because they like it better to lye vpon the bare and hard ground than to lie vpon litter yea and oftentimes they will lie asleepe vpon the â—â—rie points of rockes or vpon the steepe corners of high hills toward the heat o◠〈◊〉 Sunne rather than vnder any shadow or else vpon the fresh and soft grasse but 〈◊〉 be of variable complexions and therefore it is no shame for a man to call anothâ—â— goatie if he be found mutable and full of changes in his manners and carriage Anâ— for as much as we are farre off from Languedoc Auuergne and the hillie places 〈◊〉 Sauoy in which this kind of prouision being a speciall commoditie of those couâ—tries is had in great estimation we will make a shorter description and discourse both of the maner of ordring them than we do in the like case of such as beare woall as also for that these two sorts of cattell are placed together vnder one roofe and 〈◊〉 one cratch feeding vpon the like fodder and are as it were handled after the 〈◊〉 manner and kept in the same flocke The painefull Goat-heard shall make cleane their house euerie day and shall not suffer any dung or moisture therein or that with trampling they make any dirt for all these are verie contrarie vnto goats He himselfe must be of the nature of goaâ— that is to say nimble couragious rough hard diligent patient cheerefull and bold and aduenturing to goe amongst the rockes through deserts and bushes noâ— that he should follow his flocke into euerie place as other heards doe their cattell bâ—â— that he be euerie day before them He must not be charged with moe than fiftie because this cattell is foolish and dissolute easie to stray abroad hither and thither contrarie vnto sheepe which keepe together and trouble not their heard with gathering of them together He shall beware and not suffer them to feed in cold places far cold is more hurtfull vnto them than any other thing He shall draw them forth to the fields by breake of day so long as the dew falleth that so hauing filled themselues of the grasse thus bedewed they may returne home about nine of the clocke their vdders of milke and then againe about three they are to be sent to the fields that they may feed and continue there vntill the euening In Winter time he may lead them to fields from nine a clocke vntill night without any hurt done vnto them either by the open aire or cold be it neuer so sharpe they are of so strong 〈◊〉 It is true that if the weather be tedious or Rainie or full of Snow as in Winter he shall keepe them in their cote and giue them to eat the tender sprouts and stalkes of herbes gathered in September and dried in the Sunne and afterward kept in the hay loft or some such other place out of the raine He shall vse the meanes to cause them to ingender in Autumne before the moneth of December as he doth the sheep to the end that in the Spring when the trees bud and the woods begin to put forth new leaues they may bring forth their young ones When he would haue his goats to haue good store of milke he shall giue them to eat ynough fiue-leaued grasse or shall tie about their bellies the hearbe Dittanie or else carrie them to feed in some place where there groweth great store of it The goodnesse of a goat must be esteemed and gathered by these signes If she be one yeare old and not past fiue if she haue a great bodie firme and swift thicke haire great and grosse teats large beneath the taile and about her thighs rather of a reddish or blacke colour than of a white for although that some say that the white doe yeeld more milke yet the reddish coloured and blacke are more pleasant frolicke and merrily disposed without hornes rather than horned for those which haue no hornes doe not cast their young so soone and they doe keepe more conueniently amongst sheepe than those which haue hornes The male goat is much to be esteemed if he be not aboue fiue yeare old for in respect of his heat which is exceeding great he doth easily grow old which hath a great bodie grosse legges a thicke and short necke hanging and great eares a small head blacke haire thicke neat and long without hornes for such as haue hornes by reason of their pushing and eagernesse are dangerous which hath likewise vnder his chaps two bearded knobs or kernels The profit that the farmer may make of his goats is their dung whether it be by folding them vpon their fallowes in the Summer time or that it be such as is made 〈◊〉 gathered in their coats the Kids the flesh whereof is held so daintie the Goat-â—word whereof gloues are
a liniment of the gall of an Oxe or of 〈◊〉 and tartar beaten together with strong vinegar And as concerning a drinke you must take of Oyle two pound of old wine a pottle amongst all this you shall mix nine fat figges with nine leekes heads temper them all well together and afterward make a decoction in the end whereof but before it be strained you shall adde of Salt and Nitre well pouned so much as you shall see necessarie of all well strained you shall make a drinke which you shall cause him to take with a horne twice a day that is morning and euening a quarter of a pint at a time For his meat cause him to eat greene Barley or Fetchets or the meale of Barley amongst which you shall mingle Nitre The Strangles of a Horse or Glandules vvhich happen vnder his throat and fall downe from the braine much cooled are oftentimes cured by pricking him vnder the throat in the morning afterward couer his head vvith some kind of Linnen cloth and rubbe his throat oftentimes with fresh Butter but especially the place of his disease The Barbes hindering the Horse from eating by reason of 〈…〉 swolne are healed by making him eat Pease Beanes or the stalkes of Pease or 〈◊〉 because that the bruising and breaking of them causeth this swelling to go 〈…〉 if the Barbes doe grow there againe you must cut them out with a verie 〈…〉 being likewise verie hot for thus are they taken out of the hollow of the 〈…〉 mouth and for the rest taken away by burning you must cut them away 〈…〉 of sheares euen to the quicke For the excrescence of flesh growing vnder the Horses bodie you must 〈…〉 place and make incision with some knife fit for the purpose and then afterwards â—â—noint it morning and euening with the ointment called Dialthoea Flies are kept away from Horses â—ores with pitch and oyle or grease mingled 〈◊〉 powred vpon them and then by strawing Fetch flowers vpon them againe The disease of the gums and teeth happeneth oftentimes vnto colts when they 〈◊〉 growing their teeth temper of fullers earth the best you can come by 〈…〉 Remes in verie strong vinegar and therewith rubbe their jawes on the outside 〈◊〉 more a great deale in the place where the paine or swelled gums be The short winded Horse or he which cannot easily draw his breath and 〈◊〉 hath his flankes beating incessantly and which notwithstanding that he be 〈◊〉 haled and whipped will not stirre but pant verie much and blow exceedingly 〈◊〉 and which eating of his meat cannot abstaine coughing this same Horse wil 〈◊〉 euer be cured It is true that this disease being new and caused of dust 〈◊〉 windes foâ—stie hay or of hauing eaten some kind of dung in his prouender 〈◊〉 â—â—medie for it may be to draw bloud vpon him with a greene withie and to 〈◊〉 hot vpon his breast and backe the said bloud mingled with wine and Oyle 〈◊〉 and hauing done this for the space of fiue daies then the next fiue daies following 〈◊〉 make him take downe Lee at his nosthrils wherein there is mixt a portion of Oyle to giue him this drinke after Mustard-seed well fried quicke Brimstone graines 〈◊〉 Paradise of each alike much make them in powder and make thereof a decoctiâ—â— in honie and water or else in some composition that is good and thicke whereof you shall giue him euerie morning the bignesse of a bigge Wall-nut with sage and with thicke red wine but such as is good and noble or else make him a drinke 〈◊〉 cloues ginger cummine fennell-seed and the roots Galanga as much of the one 〈…〉 the other all these being powdred mingle therewith some egges and a little 〈◊〉 make the Horse to take it downe vvith Wine holding his head high to the end 〈◊〉 may swallow the more easily and not suffering him to hold it downe at the 〈…〉 a good halfe houre to the end that the drinke may passe through his bowells 〈◊〉 this drinke you shall giue him fresh grasse or the leaues of Roses or vvillow 〈…〉 temper the heat of the said drinke but the horse must not haue eaten any thing 〈◊〉 the space of one halfe day before the taking of this neither yet must he eat any thing for the like space after the taking of it Let him vvalke and lead him gently by the head-stall or else getting vpon him let him pace him verie softly that so he may not cast it vp againe and thus much for the cure of the 〈◊〉 â—vinded horse if the disease be not growne too old Which notwithstanding that it should be yet 〈◊〉 may relieue it for some time if you feare him a little vpon both the sides of the 〈◊〉 to the end that this heat may cause to cease this great panting vvhich doth paine 〈◊〉 in his flankes and if vvithall you slit his nosthrils that so he may attract and 〈◊〉 in the aire and his breath and as easily let it goe besides these vvaies I vvould 〈◊〉 you also to giue him to eat some grapes oftentimes and to drinke some sweet 〈◊〉 Another singular remedie there is which consisteth in giuing him a drinke 〈◊〉 vvith Agaricke and Fenugreeke tempered vvith red Wine or else to cause him 〈◊〉 swallow the bloud of a little dogge vvhich yet is not aboue ten daies old or to take the roots of Gentian of vvild cucumers and bitter Almonds and to poune theâ—â—vvith Honie and Water and to make a drinke thereof or else to giue oftentimes 〈◊〉 eat of siluer grasse The Cough hath many causes notwithstanding that vvhich commeth from the 〈◊〉 as from the lungs and parts adjoyning or else from some other of the inward 〈◊〉 which are noble and principall and haue accordingly some notable office in 〈◊〉 bodie hath not a more soueraigne remedie than the slitting of the beasts noâ—â—hrils and if after this the beast doe not amend then to cause him to take downe a â—ood pinte of the drinke following with a horne Take Fenugreeke and Linseed of â—â—ch a quarter of a pecke Gum-tragacanth Olibanum Myrrhe of each an ounce â—ugar the oatmeale of great vvild Tare of each an ounce all these being vvell pouâ—ed and let run through a bagge you shall cause it to be infused all a whole night in hot vvater and the day following you shall giue it to the beast as hath beene sayd â—nd this shall be continued adding thereto a bowle of oyle of Roses euen to the end of the cure Some cause fiue egges to be layed to steepe one whole night in strong Vinegar and the next morning when they see that the shell is become verie tenâ—er and soft they giue them to the horse to take downe Furthermore you must neâ—er draw bloud from the horse in what palce soeuer that it be but it shall be good to â—iue it vnto him and to continue the Gum-tragacanth with sweet Oyle The ague of a horse
Lâ—pines 〈◊〉 good Honie and of the whole strayned make him take a Pine eight 〈◊〉 â—â—gether If he be costiuene he may be helped by drinke or clyster the drinke shall be 〈◊〉 giue him ordinarily of the powder of vvild Rue with the seed thereof 〈…〉 good red wine or else take the root of yellow Flower-de-luce with Annisseed◠〈◊〉 Opopaâ—ax and of all these beaten together verie small you shall make 〈…〉 or draughts vvith three ounces of good Red vvine and as much Oyle oliue and those on three seuerall dayes In the clyster you shall put the juice of pale coloured Flower-de-luce in three pound of the decoction of Mallows and Perrie and into the vvhole you shall put of Sall-nitrum and the dung of Pigeons of each an ounce of Oyle-de-bayes and Rue of each three ounces After the clyster giuen he must be vvalked a great vvhile and verie softly Some Farriers or Horse-leaches haue in this disease made triall of Hares dung with nine spoonefulls of Honie and fiue grains of Pepper to make a drinke to take with the broth of Cich Pease or Red Coleworts The Horse oftentimes hauing eaten too much Barley or other prouender that is hurtfull is troubled vvith the swelling of his flankes and the rest of his bodie to take the same away you must make a decoction of Mallowes Pellitorie Beares 〈◊〉 Mercurie and other soluble hearbes putting thereto Bran Salt Honie and Oyle and hauing vvarmed this decoction he shall haue a clyster giuen him with a clysterpipe hauing the shanke thereof proportionably great and long this being well accomplished annoint his bellie with Oyle and after cause it to be rubbed vvith a round staffe by two men beginning before and so going backward stopping vp his fundament after this get vpon him and vvalke him verie softly and a long time vntill that he haue voided not onely this clyster but vvithall some part of the dung which he had in his bodie and he will be well by and by after For bursting or rupture some are of opinion that there is nothing so soueraigne as to take seuen ounces of the ashes of the vvood of vine braunches or of Elme with three ounces of Oyle oliue Scallions brayed seuen in number Honie three ounces fresh Butter and Goats Seweâ— of each an ounce the juice of Plantaine three ounces vvith old white vvine or the broth of Cych Pease this will serue for thrice to be taken three seuerall daies together To keepe your great Horses that they may not be molested and troubled in great heat vvith the stinging of Flies you must rub their haire vvith the juice of leaues of gourdes For the farcie of the legges you must shauâ—â— the place and after annoint it with the Oyle of Iuniper for the space of foure daies euening and morning and let not the horse goe forth to water all the whiles that his haire is not growne againe or else let him haue a strake vvith an yron long-waies and ouerthwhart otherwise for the farcie of a horse how hard to cure so euer it be you must take the roots of common cotton thistle which is the broad and white leaued thistle and make him eat them in shiues with his oats it will heale him without all faile in lesse than fifteene daies or three weekes if it be continually giuen him to eat and the remedie is verie easie seeing the horse will willingly eat it For clefts which happen betwixt the joynt of the legge and the hoofe shaue away the haire wash the place with vvine annoint it vvith an ointment made of Soot Vâ—â—degrease and Honie pouned and boyled together mingling therewith in the end some Lime if the chaps be verie deepe in â—â—are them For the scabbe you must let him bloud in conuenient places according to that place vvhere the disease is for a conuenient purge it vvill be good to vse of the powder of the root of vvild Cucumber mingled vvith Sal-nitrum and giuen in a â—oâ—ne vvith vvhite vvine the medicine oftentimes giuen doth purge him of euill humours for an ourward remedie take quicke Brimstone fat Pitch Clay of Iudea called Asphaltuâ— mingle all together and dissolue it in new Butter salted and with this oyntment you shall rub him all ouer his bodie in the greatest heat of the Sunne and by many persons and a long time If you loue not rather to take of vinegar a quarter of a pinâ—e of Perrosin foure ounces Pitch or Gum of the Cedar-tree foure ounces and mixe them all vvell together in an oynâ—ment vvith mans vrine and vvarme vvater putting thereto of sweet Seame and old Oyle of each three ounâ—â—â— make a liniment or cerote if it like you not better to vvash him all ouer 〈◊〉 else to foment him vvith vrine and warme vvater and after to applâ—e your linâ—ment vpon the places so washed The hearbe called Rose-baie or Oleander boyled in Oyle I meane the leaues onely is an exquisite remedie for this disease 〈◊〉 thereto fat pitch vinegar and waxe and remember alwaies in rubbing and annointings to rubbe the beast against the haire It is also a soueraigne remedie to 〈◊〉 him first in the sâ—abbed place vntill it bleed and after to wash it with Lee made with one part of Lyme two of Beane-meale and three of the ashes of Ash-tree all these not boyled but steeped onely in the Lee. After the washing you must annoint the place with an oyntment made of quick-siluer hellebor brimstone alum colts-foot 〈◊〉 Swines-grease When the horse complaineth himselfe and his flankes be swolne as also the reâ—â— of his bodie by hauing eaten some bad Hay or Prouender you shall make him this drinke take the thin skinnes that are in the stomach of three Hens and drie theâ— vvell in an ouen afterward powder them vvith halfe an ounce of pepper and fouâ—â— spoonefulls of Honie and an ounce of the powder of fine Frankencense make him take this medicine vvith a pint of vvarme vvine and to the end that it may loosen his bellie giue him at the fundament by a clyster sufficient great and long a clyster of the decoction of Mallowes Mercurie Pellitorie and other loosening hearbes putting thereto Bran Salt Honie and Oyle Against the colicke take Asarum bacchar the leaues and roots of Parsley and Fennell of each one ounce blacke Pepper two ounces Horehound an ounce Soothernwood halfe an ounce fine Honie a pottle boile it well and scum it altogether and thereof make trochiskes of the bignesse of Filberts and with a quarter of a pint of good wine you shall make the horse to take it in manner of a drinke and the day that the colicke doth paine him you shall bruise three or foure spoonefulls of Fennel-seed and cause him to drinke it downe roundly with wine and then count him well to cause him to sweat For the swelling of the cods or stones make as it were a pap of strong vinegar fullers day and salt to
annoint the cods withall twice or thrice a day For a Fistula make the hole wider seare it cast into it a salue made of vnquenche Lime so long as till the core or dead flesh within doe fall out For the canker wash it with strong vinegar afterward sprinkle vpon it the 〈◊〉 powder of the root Daffodils Rats-bane and Vnquencht-lime put together into â— pot and burnt to ashes For the Iauar in the houghs or hams seare the places along and ouerthwart with a hot yron afterward applie thereto a cataplasme made of verie new Oxe dung 〈◊〉 vpon the fire vvith Oyle If the horse be cloyed you must take out the naile and pare him to the quicke and till bloud come then making verie cleane the pared place to drop into it 〈◊〉 Brimstone or to fill it vp with an oyntment made of Turpentine Waxe Oyle Hâ—nie and Salt all being made verie hot and a little Cotton also dipped in the same oyntment Or else which is an approued thing to put vpon the hurt place on thâ— inside of the hoose of the horse the leaues of white female Mullein bruised betwâ—â—â— two stones And in case the maladie be a day or two old then you must hold the horse focâ— in warme water well salted and lay and bind aloft vpon the foot a 〈◊〉 of Bran Swines-grease and Salt-water or with small Salt and strong Vinegar or the powder of gals or mittles or of the masticke tree and then to seare him aboue 〈◊〉 to fill vp all the hollow of the foot with Porkes-grease and hauing thus dressed it so much and so oft as it shall be needfull let it be made vp filling notwithstanding the hoofe on the inside with pitch and annointing it oftentimes with swines-grease as iâ— abouesaid And to preserue the hoofe in his soundnesse and strength apply vnto 〈…〉 lost a cataplasme made of boyled mallows stampt and mixt with hony and bran put in the hollow of the hoofe the sewet of a sheepe and aboue the hoofe his owne dung 〈◊〉 For the horse which halteth because of some stroake giuen him by some other horse vpon his sinews take of the sewet of a Male-goat a pound Molibdenâ— halfes pound Resin a pound and Copperas halfe a pound make an oyntment The 〈◊〉 â—â—roken or wounded or hauing receiued any other kind of wrench in the Knee or â—oynt by the horse his setting of his foot in some bad and inconuenient place is heaâ—ed by taking an ounce of Fenugreeke as much of Linseed foure ounces of Swines-grease all this being boyled together so long as till it be thicke and much dimiâ—shed If the horse interfering doe wound himselfe vpon his hinder feet you must cut away the haire verie short and bare from the place that is hurt and rub it with common salt tying vpon it some prettie plate of thin Lead afterward taking that away â—o wash it with Wine For the spauin in the hammes you must raising the thigh vp on high tie the veine called Fontanella and giue it a wound with a flemme to let it bleed and after to applie the actuall cauterie or hot yron vpon the spauin and to burne it long wise and ouerthwart and to heale vp the seared place as in the Iauar The chaps are healed if you burne them at either end with a round hot yron for his burne will keepe the chaps from going further and then afterward rubbe them with washed Lard in diuers waters or with oyle of Bayes mixt with Masticke Franâ—incense Vinegar and the yolke of an Egge The grapes would when the haire is once taken away be washed with the decoction of Mallows of Brimstone and Mutton-sewet afterward applying the drossie parts vnto the places which being taken away there shall an oyntment be made of new Wax Turpentine and Gum-arabecke equally mingled For the hornie swelling in the circle of the houghs or hams you must shaue the disease and put vpon it the drossie parts of the decoction of hollihocke roots stamped and after that a plaister of Mustard-seed the roots of Mallows and Oxe dung all boyled together with Vinegar Cut the head and the taile from a snake and deuide the rest of the bodie into gobbets roast them on a spit gather the fat which droppeth and applie it to the sore or wound The disease of the hoofe or the corne stampe Coleworts that are greene with old Swines-grease lay it vnto the disease and get vpon the horse and ride him indifferently to the end that the medicine may pearce into it For the garrot plucke away the flesh that is dead with a sharpe instrument and wash the place with warme Wine afterward applie plegets thereto moistened in the white of an Egge The disease of the necke pearce the flesh in fiue places on both sides the necke with an yron sharpe like a Naule put a Seton through eâ—erie hole and let them abide there fifteene daies For the palamie take away the flesh from the palate of his mouth with a very fine instrument and that in such quantitie as that the humour may easily come forth afterward cleanse and rub his palaâ—e with honie of Roses juice of Chibolâ—s Scallions and burned Wheat The courbe cut the skin alongst the haire acording to the bignesse of the courbe applie thereto a linnen cloth wet in warme Wine straw vpon it the powder of Verdegrease and thus continue vnto the end of the cure For the Knee swollen take a pinte of strong vinegar wherein you shall temper a little Salt of burnt Copper halfe a pound and of Sinople so much as shall be needfull and necessarie For the Knees that are broken and chapt take common Oyle Linseed ashes of Rie-straw and all being put together make an oyntment thereof to annoint the sore place euening and morning vntill it be whâ—le For the chafings which most commonly happen vnto the necke or backe of a horse carrying Saddle-packs or Saddle lay vpon the place the leaues of wild blacke â—ine In old and hard tumours make this cerote Galbanum two ounces Rosin and Waxe of each a pound Gum-ammoniacke and blacke Pitch of each halfe a pound and of oyle so much as shall be needfull to incorporate and make vp all the rest 〈◊〉 good forme But if the tumor be broake and hollow and hath beene an old 〈…〉 verie long continuance then you shall dissolue a quarter of a pound of Allome 〈…〉 pinte of running water and with it first wash the sore verie vvell and the take Vâ—guentum Aegyptiacum and lay it vpon the sore vvith flax hurds doe thus once 〈◊〉 twice a day and the cure will soone be made perfect Against the bots or vvormes make him drinke vvater vvherein Rye hath boyled or mingle amongst his bran some Brimstone or make ashes of the wood of 〈◊〉 Oliue-tree or powder of dried Wormewood together with the cornes of raw â—â—pines
Cough If he be wearie and ouer-heated you must cast Grease and Wine into his throat Let all women that desire to haue children beware that they neuer take the sent of the vrine of a Horse or Mare-Mule for the smell of their vrine doth make women barren because that they themselues are naturally barren The fume of the hoofe of a Mare-Mule put vpon hot coales and set on fire is so odious vnto Rats and Mice that are in the house that they by and by foeling the smell runne away with great swiftnesse of which you may make triall The end of the first Booke THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE COVNTRIE HOVSE OF GARDENS CHAP. I. Of the Situation Inclosure Ground and fashions of Hedges requisite for Gardens whether they be for profit or for pleasure IT is requisite that we should now occupie our selues in describing the manner of husbanding and tilling of the Earth hauing runne through all that belongeth to the building and inclosing of a Farme the office of the chiefe Lord and of the Farmer and his people and generally whatsoeuer concerneth the raising of profit by keeping of Cattell Wee will begin therefore following the order before propounded to describe Gardens And first with the Kitchin Garden which â—ath beene deuised and appointed to ioine to the one side of the Garden of pleasure â—nd yet separated from it by the intercourse of a great Alley of the breadth of three â—athomes hauing either a Well or Conduit from some Fountaine in the middest â—hereof if you cannot conueniently haue a particular Well in the middest of euerie Garden and besides with an Hedge of Quickset verie thicke in which there may â—e made three doores one to the House another to the place of the Well or Founâ—aine and the third opening vpon the Orchards inclosure This Hedge shall be â—lanted likewise with Hasell trees Goose-berrie bushes white and red Pepper trees Curran trees Eglantines Brambles Wood-bind the wild Vines both the Hollies â—lder trees and Apples of Paradise Ceruise trees Medlar trees and Oliue trees 〈◊〉 it must be more thicke and a greater defence than anie other to preuent danger â—f Cattell getting loose which might a great deale more endammage the good and profit of their Master than they could anie way pleasure him Yet in the planting â—f your Quick-sets according to the opinion of Serres you shall haue great confideâ—ation to the nature of the ground on which you plant them as which are apt for Quick-sets which not apt and which Quick-set is apt for which ground as thus â—our clayne and stiffe clayes which are without anie mixture of sand are slow in â—ringing forth Quick-set yet hauing once taken root they preserue and maintaine â—â—eir Quick-sets longest and therefore the blacke and white Thorne mingled with â—ild Apple trees Ceruise trees Medlar trees Oliue trees or anie other which carriâ—â—h bodie and substance Your mixt Hasell soyles which are Clay and Sand of an equall temper or your fast and close Sands which doe not diuide or runne to a generall dust are the kindlâ—est of all other to bring forth Quick-sets and do preserue and maintaine them for a conuenient time though not so long as the Clayes and are verie speedie in bringing forth therefore anie Quick-set is meet to be planted on such Soyles whether they be Trâ—es Shrubs or Bushes as those before spoken of together with anie thing else that will take root But your grauellie flintie or loose Sands which fall away and neuer fasten vnto the root are the most barren of all other and seldome or with great difficultie bring forth anie good Quick-set at all yet Industrie which is the Mother of all profits hath found out by experience that the best Quick-set which can grow vpon these Soyles is the common Bramble or wild Briâ—r out to the length of two foot or thereabouts and so planted in the earth and amongst them mingled three or foure foot asunder here and there diuers blacke thornes then when the Brambles begin to shoot forth to interlace them and twynd thâ—â— bought-wise about the blacke Thornes making one bought runne into another and plashing them both vpward and downe-ward so close one within another that they may seeme like a Lattice-window and euer and anon to vphold and maintaine the earth to their roots till they be well fastened within the ground and then they wilâ— hold vp the earth afterwards themselues By this experiment onely hath beene seâ—â—e in diâ—ers of these most barren Soyles as strong as thicke and as defensible Quick-sets as in anie other Soyle whatsoeuer as is daily apparent to mens eyes both 〈◊〉 France England and the Low Countries The situation of the said Gardens must be as we haue said before neere vnto the House placed vpon the North rather than vpon the South quarter to the end thaâ— the chiefe Lord and owner of the Farme may out of the windowes of his lodging enioy the pleasure and beautie of his Gardens in some plaine plot of ground which is as it were a little hanging and thereby at the foot thereof receiuing the streame 〈◊〉 some pleasant running water either from some Spring and Fountaine or from somâ— Well or else from the falling of the Raine but farre remoued from the Threshingâ—floore and Barne to the end that the hearbes may not be hurt by the dust dyrt smaâ—â—straw or chaffe which might be conueyed along from the Threshing-floore vnto the Garden by the wind when the Corne is in threshing for such chaffe hauing takeâ— hold vpon the leaues doth pierce them and fret them through and being thus pieâ—ced they burne and parch away presently Likewise for the benefit of their 〈◊〉 it must be iustly liued out and cast into a Square verie equally and vniformally 〈◊〉 yet somewhat sloping for the conueyance of the fall of Raine water and of the 〈◊〉 of the dunghill which continually will be thereby running downeward 〈◊〉 the allies by meanes of the Raine and so will mend the idle and vntoiled 〈◊〉 And by the side of either of those two Gardens within the wall and inclosure of the House there shall be kept two other Gardens if possibly it may be seuered and sâ—parated by other Hedges and a great path betwixt them containing in breadth 〈◊〉 lesse than three fathomes or eighteene foot euerie one finely paued with good â—â—â—â—stones or burned Tyles or made with Steeres or filled with Sand that is to say by 〈◊〉 side of the Kitchen Garden a particular Garden for Hempe Line Saffron 〈◊〉 and other things of profit and good Husbandrie and this requireth a proper 〈◊〉 kind of ordering and by the side of the Garden of pleasure another Gardâ—â— with Pulse as Peason Beanes Fetches Rice Panicke Millet and such other thingâ— for they serue greatly for the keeping of your familie Yet you shall vnderstand 〈◊〉 albeit I thus particularly appoint you these two seuerall Gardens the one for 〈◊〉 and Flax
the other for hastâ—e Pease Beanes and such like being right necessarie 〈◊〉 your household vse yet notwithstanding you may sow anie of those seeds abroad 〈◊〉 your Fields or manie other remote Croft or Close well tilled for the purpose 〈◊〉 fully as much profit conueniencie especially your Hempe and Flax for you 〈◊〉 vnderstand that there be some Soyles so rich and fat that after you haue 〈◊〉 Wheat Barly and Pease successiuely yeare after yeare that then in stead of fallowing and giuing your land rest you may that yeare sow a full crop of Hempe whicâ— â—estroying the weeds and superfluous growths which spring from the fertilenesse of â—â—e Soyles makes your land apt and readie to receiue either Wheat or Barly againe â—nd so you neuer loose anie Crop at all bue haue euerie yeare something to reape â—â—om your ground whereas should you let it rest and bestow meaâ—ure vpon it as 〈◊〉 case of more barren earth you would so much ouer-rich it that it would either â—â—ildewe and spoyle your Graine or else choake and slay it with the aboundance of Weeds which the earth would vtter forth of it owne accord Againe if your land â—e with your neighbours in common amongst the generall Fields here a land and â—ere a land or here two and three and there two and three as it is a generall custome 〈◊〉 diuers places and that such lands doe butt vpon greene Swarthe or Grasse-â—rounds which are likewise common and on which both your selfe and your neighâ—ours must necessarily teather your Cattell which Cattell if at anie time they breake â—ose or by the negligence of their Keepers be stalld too neere the Corne may doe â—ou much hurt on your Graine in this case and to preâ—ient this euill you shall sow â—â—e ends of all such lands as butt on the grasse tenne or twelue foot in length as your and may conueniently spare with Hempe for vpon it no Cattell will bite so that â—n either of these cases aforesaid you shall not need much to respect the preseruation â—f your Hempe or Flax Garden The Inclosures of the Gardens must be such as the commoditie and necessitie of the place doth require that is to say of Walls if the reuenues of the House will beare it or of a strong and thicke Quick-set Hedge if there want either Pit-â—tone or reuenues to build the wall withall Notwithstanding it is least cost to speake the truth and more profit to inclose and compasse them in with a Quick-set Hedge than with a Wall for the Quick-set Hedge doth endure a longer time and asketh not so great charges neither to trimme it nor to repaire it as the Wall doth Such a one is that which is made of Brambles and Thornes as white Thorne or with the plants of Elder tree or other plants with tufted flowers mingled and set amongst the Brambles the same being cut by the taile and made plaine and euen when the time of the yeare serueth as wee see here in manie places of France Some there be that compasse and inclose their Gardens with Ditches and Banks but small to their profit seeing the moisture of their Gardens which should serue them is thereby conueyed away and taken from them and this holdeth in all other cases but where the ground is of the nature of Marishes The common inclosing vsed by Countrey men is of Thornes Osiers and Reedes but such Hedges doe require almost euerie yeare new repaire reliefe and making in putting new stakes therein whereas if it had an abiding and liuing root it would free the Gardeners of a great deale of trouble cost and trauell The ground of the Gardens must bee good of his owne nature free from Stones Durt and hurtfull Hearbes well broken and dunged a yeare before it be digged to be sowne and after it hath beene digged and dunged againe or marâ—ed you must let it rest and drinke in his dung and marle And as concerning the nature and goodnesse of it the Clayie Stiffe or Sandie ground is nothing worth but it must be fat in handling blacke in colour and which crumbleth easily in the breaking or stirring of it with your fingers or which hath his greene Turfes or Clods breaking easily vnder the Pick-axe and becommeth small with labouring as the small Sand and generally all grounds that are good for Wheat are good for Gardens It is requisite also to the end it may bring forth greene Hearbes in aboundance that it be a reasonable moist ground for neyther the ground that is much drie nor that which is much subiect to water is good for Gardens Notwithstanding if the Grounds belonging vnto the Farme happen not to haue this commoditie of idle and vnimployed ground to make Gardens you must remedie that soare as well as possibly you may The Clayie Stiffe and Sandie places must bee amended by Dung and Marle and would bee cast three foot deepe The Watrie place shall be made better if there bee mixt with it some Sandie or Grauellie Ground and therewith cast it round about with ditches thereby to draine and draw out the water annoying the Gardâ—â— And thus the good Husband shall doe his endeuour to amend and make in soâ—â— sort his ground more fruitfull Lee the dung which he layeth vpon it be either 〈◊〉 Sheepe or of Swine or of Horse or Pigeons or Asses according as the nature of 〈◊〉 ground shall require or of Oxe or Cow for albeit some Gardners thinke it of 〈◊〉 coole a nature and not so nourishing vnto tender hearbs as the other which are 〈◊〉 hot yet they are greatly mistaken therein for it melloweth the earth and enricheâ—â— it more than anie of the other and maketh it more apt to sprout and put forth 〈◊〉 encrease besides it doth naturally affect no weeds if it haue better seed to workâ— vpon Whence it commeth that the Garden so manured keepeth his hearbes 〈◊〉 the cleanest fullest and largest Also Ashes are a verie good meanure for Gardenâ— especially if the ground be apt to chap or breake into great rifts as diuers Claâ— grounds are neither if the soyle be answerable thereunto shall you omit Marâ—â— Sand Chalke Lyme or such like And the elder it is the better also in as much 〈◊〉 in time it looseth his filthie stinke and whatsoeuer other euill qualitie and getteth 〈◊〉 new kind of rottennesse which is more soft and more easie to be conuerted into the substance of the earth whereby good earth is made better and the naughtie amended This is the cause why such as haue written of Husbandrie in Latine haue called dung Lâ—tamen and Frenchmen Litiere because it maketh the ground meâ—â—â—e supposed when it is once mingled and incorporated with the same For dung that 〈◊〉 pure and of it selfe must not be laid vnto the roots of trees but first where thereâ—â— need of the shortest earth and afterward of dung The Hedge of Quick-set parting the Kitchin Garden and that other for delight would be
notwithstanding the flowers of Roses and Capers must be gathered to be kept while they be 〈◊〉 likewise the leaues and whole hearbes are gathered when they are growne to the full fruits as Melons Cucumbers Citruls and Gourds when they turne yellow and are growne to their perfection If they be purposed to be made serue for seed then they must be let alone longer and afterward kept in conuenient place 〈◊〉 be time to sow them and they must be gathered in a bright weather and in the â—â—crease of the Moone Seeds are gathered when the hearbe is all layd and drie 〈◊〉 it must generally be obserued in all manner of gathering as well of hearbes 〈◊〉 roots as of fruits and seeds that it be done in a faire and cleare weather and in the â—â—crase of the Moone Such hearbes as are to be kept must first be made verie cleane and dried 〈◊〉 shadow which is the best meanes to keepe them the strongest in their vertues 〈◊〉 qualities or else in the Sunne and after to put them vp in bagges of Leather vvollen stuffe nor in vvoodden boxes that so they may not loose their 〈…〉 see it put in practise by sine hearbes which are kept to be vsed in Winter 〈◊〉 me thinkes that the Apothecaries faile much in their doings which hang their phâ—sicke hearbes in the roofe of their house for by this meanes they doe not onely 〈◊〉 their force but become laden with dust cobwebs the dung of flies and a thousand â—â—ther filthie things Flowers must not be dried in the Sunne not in the shadow that is made by 〈◊〉 South-Sunne nor yet in any high roome because of their tendernesse and 〈◊〉 which would cause their force to vanish away either in the burning heat of 〈◊〉 Sunne or in the more moderne heat of the verie ayre If it be not the Prouenâ—e 〈◊〉 which that it may be kept long requireth to be dried in an high place open to 〈◊〉 South-Sunne where the beames of the Sunne doe enter but touch not the 〈◊〉 The best way to drie flowers will be in a temperate place and to turne them 〈…〉 the end that they may not corrupt hauing also this continuall care that they 〈◊〉 neither loose their colour nor their smell And when they are dried they must 〈◊〉 put into an earthen vessell Seeds must be kept in bagges or vessells of earth which haue narrow moutheâ— or in boxes or else in bottles of the rindes of gouâ—ds well stopt and set in 〈◊〉 drie places and where there is no water shed for seeds doe mightily spoyle 〈◊〉 moisture The seeds of Chibols Onions and Leekes as also of Poppie are kept 〈◊〉 their rindes or heads For to keepe Roots you must obserue two waies for either they are to be 〈◊〉 new and as they are yet greene as Nauets Turneps Carets and such like or 〈◊〉 they are to be kept drie For to keepe them new you must lay them vpon sand 〈◊〉 grauell verie thin in some place vnder the earth and a little couered or else to 〈◊〉 them vnder the earth in the garden as we see it done in Turneps and Nauets to 〈◊〉 them the greatest part of Winter To keepe roots drie after they be gathered 〈◊〉 must wash them diligently with cleare water and after take from them all the 〈◊〉 â—ibres or hairie threeds that hang about them and then to drie them either in 〈◊〉 shadow of the Sunne-rising if they be but small and thin as are the roots of 〈◊〉 Succorie Parsley Sperage and such like or in the South-Sunne if they be 〈◊〉 and thicke at those of Daffodils Gentian Sowbread Water-lilly Brionie and such like After that they are dried and thus prepared you must hang them in some 〈◊〉 and vpper roome open vpon the Sun when it is in the South or else vpon the 〈◊〉 quarter and in which notwithstanding neither the smoake nor dust nor 〈◊〉 beames may any thing hurt them notwithstanding that the counsell of 〈◊〉 the prince of Physitians is that hearbes flowers and roots as well greene as 〈◊〉 should not be put to keepe in any place where the wind should come but rather 〈◊〉 vp in vessells or some other such like meanes of keeping of them to the end that they should not loose their force which indeed they might most easily loose being 〈◊〉 open and subiect to the wind CHAP. XI Pâ—t-hearbes and particularly of Coleworts FIrst of all we are to speake of Coleworts both because they are most common and also most aboundant of all other sorts of hearbs all kinds of Coleworts doe loue a cleane ground fat and well tilled not consisting of clay or sand And although they grow indifferently in any ayre but â—pecially in a temperate yet they become greater and more massie sound and safe 〈◊〉 vermine in cold places as are those in Germanie than in hot places and for 〈◊〉 cause they delight a great deale more in the tops of hills than in plaine grounds 〈◊〉 yet in those plaine grounds more in the raised parts of borders than in the flat 〈◊〉 middle parts thereof and they be more pleasant more wholesome for the 〈◊〉 and better in Autumne Spring-time and during great frosts than they be in â—ommer They craue much dung and that especially which is of Asses as being the 〈◊〉 of all for other men and to be raked in couered ouer with good earth not to 〈◊〉 watered in any case notwithstanding that water doth make them looke faire and â—â—ourishing but then not so sweet to the tast nor so wholesome for the stomach When they haue got sixe leaues vpon their stalkes you must remoue them but let it 〈◊〉 in a mild and calme time whether Winter or Sommer And to speake particuâ—arly the common Coleworts called long or greene Coleworts must be sowen in 〈◊〉 August or September if you desire to haue the leaues in Lent and in Winter Some plant them in October and remoue them in December to haue the leaues in Winter and the seed in Iune and Iulie and that to make them the more tuffed â—hough there may be as much accomplished that way at other times of the yeare â—ut not so commodiously And looke well to it that your seed be not too old for if it be three yeares old it will bring forth Radishes And that is the cause why some say Sow Coleworts and â—here will grow vp Radishes or Nauets notwithstanding it continueth sixe yeares 〈◊〉 his nature if it be well kept Cabage-colewort which are called white or apple Coleworts are sowen vpon 〈◊〉 and remoued to stand a foot one from another well couered at the root with a 〈◊〉 and enriched earth when they begin to rise vp into a great stemme and loue â—â—e cold ayre for in a hot aire they cannot liue and you must couer them with straw 〈◊〉 make them cabage the better and become the whiter The curled and Romane Coleworts being more tender
Sunne If you desire that it should haue great leaues when as 〈◊〉 beginneth to put forth a stalke cut off the same in the halfe then put vpon it a clod 〈◊〉 earth or some small tyle If you couet to haue it faire and vvhite bind together the 〈◊〉 of it two daies before you take it from the first bed and set it in another place 〈◊〉 sprinkle it ouer with sand The cabbaged Lettuce being leaued and curled and not growing higher than a 〈◊〉 for the most part is made by being troden downe After that it is planted 〈◊〉 second time put vnto the root some cowes dung that is verie new afterward tread 〈◊〉 downe againe and vvater it and vvhen it beginneth to gather strength and grow 〈◊〉 the branch vvhich it putteth forth and couer it with a new earthen pot in such 〈◊〉 as that the top thereof by it may be beaten and kept downe and by this meanes 〈◊〉 vvill become tufted cabbaged and vvhite or else if you vvould haue beautifull 〈◊〉 faire lettuces two daies before you take them vp by the roots you must tie togeâ—â—er the tops of them and then couer them with eaâ—th vp to the very â—aid tops so tied 〈◊〉 so they will become white and faire In like manner sand cast vpon them maâ—â—th them to become white If you feare that it will not grow hard ynough by reaâ—â—â— of some fault in the place or in the time or seed take it vp and set it in some 〈◊〉 place To cause Lettuces to haue a sweet smell more than ordinarie sow them with the 〈◊〉 of Citrons or else steepe the seeds in Damaske or other sweet water three 〈◊〉 daies together To mingle Lettuce with other Salad hearbes as Rocket Sorrell and such like and 〈◊〉 in such sort as that they may all grow vp together from one and the same root 〈◊〉 all your sorts of Seeds into a Sheepes trottle made good and hollow for the 〈◊〉 afterward set it verie deepe as namely about the depth of eighteene ynches in 〈◊〉 ground and water it oft and by little and little and haue great care and regard 〈◊〉 it when it putteth forth of the earth Others do crumble breake three or foure â—â—ottles of a Goat or Sheepe and put their seeds in the middest thereof and then 〈◊〉 them with a linnen cloth fast bound in manner of a knot and doe plant them 〈…〉 were in the vppermost part of the earth verie diligently regarding and looking 〈◊〉 them when they come vp Some plucke away the leaues of the Lettuse which 〈◊〉 next vnto the roots and in stead of the leaues so pluckt away they put one 〈◊〉 seed of rocket cresses or sorrell and other such like by which meanes there grow 〈◊〉 and diuers sorts of branches The Lettuce is not without good physicke helpes for it cooleth the 〈…〉 the bellie causeth aboundance of good bloud The juice thereof mixt 〈…〉 Roses asâ—wageth the paine of the head and causeth the sickâ— of agues 〈…〉 rubbed vpon the brows and temples it serueth for a Gargarisme with 〈…〉 of Pomegranats for the Inflammation of the throat being rubbed vpon 〈…〉 it staieth the night pollutions or Gonorrhaea especially if thereunto be added 〈…〉 Camphire the seed thereof beaten with the seed of white Poppie in forme of 〈…〉 or extract doth effect the same and also cureth the scalding and burning of the 〈◊〉 the seed thereof steept in water wherein hath beene quenched steele with 〈…〉 quantitie of Iourie powdred is verie soueraigne against the white flowres of 〈◊〉 The leaues of Lettuce boyled and moystned in broth or salades of them in like 〈◊〉 after supper doth prouoke sleepe the seed thereof powdred and mixt 〈…〉 milke of a woman that hath brought forth a daughter and the white of an 〈…〉 to make frontale for the verie same purpose The decoction of the 〈…〉 boyled in Barley water and drunke causeth great quantitie of milke in 〈◊〉 if afterwards the dugges be well rubbed with the hand such as haue a short 〈◊〉 spit bloud or haue weake lungs as also such as desire to haue children must 〈…〉 Lettuces CHAP. XIII Of Endiue Sowthistle and Succorie ENdiue hauing narrow leaues otherwise called Scariole or 〈…〉 wild Lettuce and of the Latines Intybus or Seris is more 〈…〉 Physicke than any other wayes and is not planted in Garden◠〈◊〉 it is alwaies bitter notwithstanding that it be of the sorts of 〈…〉 rather of Succorie It is true that in often planting and transplanting of it and 〈…〉 mouing it from one place to another and by binding and couering it with 〈…〉 ring the Winter time the nature thereof may be changed and become tender 〈◊〉 white and without any great paines to the Gardiner may be kept all 〈…〉 thing our Gardiners haue practised seeing by experience that wild 〈…〉 commeth faire and flourishing after it hath beene ouerflowen with water and 〈◊〉 with sand or earth Sowthistle called in Latine Sonchus or Ciâ—erbita was of old time in 〈…〉 salades but now there is no such account made thereof saue onely that it is vsed 〈…〉 to teed Conies and Hares in like sort it is not planted in gardens because it 〈◊〉 plentifully amongst the vines notwithstanding the Italians doe vse the 〈…〉 it in Salades in Winter finding them sweet and of a pleasant tast his stalke is 〈◊〉 milke sometimes drawing neere vnto a yellow this milke taken in drinke is 〈◊〉 for them which haue a short breath and are stopt in their lungs 〈…〉 paines of the eares if you drop certaine drops thereof into them especially if 〈◊〉 cause it to boyle with some Oyle in the riâ—d of a Pomegranat it healeth 〈◊〉 the strangurie and paines in making water if it be drunke to the quantitie of 〈…〉 The leaues of Sowthistle chewed doe take away the stinking of the mouth Succorie is of the nature of Endiue hauing large leaues and without 〈◊〉 and good handling doth alwaies continue bitter It loueth a moist place and 〈◊〉 laboured ground When it hath put forth foure leaues you must translate it to â—ell dunged soyle And to the end it may haue faire large and well-spread leaues 〈◊〉 it beginneth once to come to any growth in the middest of his leaues you must 〈◊〉 some prettie little tyle for by this meanes it will spread forth his leaues and 〈◊〉 haue them a great deale thicker standing and tufted By this good husbanding 〈◊〉 his bitternesse and then there is vse to be had of it in sallades in Winter 〈◊〉 it is called white Succorie and to this end it is wont to be planted againe in the 〈◊〉 of August after that in the beginning of September to the end that the leaues 〈◊〉 may be the greater it must be taken vp without the breaking of any thing 〈◊〉 with a smal blade of a straw haue the leaues tied together very easily and gently 〈◊〉 wringing or brusing of them afterward it must be
layed in a well 〈◊〉 soyle the leaues downeward into the ground and the root vpward toward the 〈◊〉 of the earth and aboue it there must be made something to couer it in manner of 〈◊〉 vnder vvhich there must straw be cast to keepe it from frost and bad winds 〈◊〉 like is done with Endiue and it is found white when it is pulled vp againe and 〈◊〉 verie delicate in eating Some for the same end vvhen Succorie hath put forth 〈◊〉 leaues tye them all together with a verie small threed and after couer them with 〈◊〉 of earth to the end that it may continually draw by his root nourishment out 〈◊〉 the earth and by this meanes it becommeth white and tender and looseth a great 〈◊〉 of his bitternesse Euerie man knoweth that the decoction of Succorie drunke in manner of an 〈◊〉 is good for them which haue the jaundise or heat of the liuer The juice of 〈◊〉 drunke euerie second day fasting stayeth the spitting of bloud Succorie 〈◊〉 and put vnder the lest dugge doth heale the heart-ache Some say that the 〈◊〉 of vvild Succorie often drunke maketh the visages and countenances of 〈◊〉 more cleare and pleasant CHAP. XIIII Of Artichokes THe Artichoke plant is a diuers thing from Endâ—ue and Succorie for 〈◊〉 for Artichokes to plant them in Autumnâ— which is about the moneth of October they are so fruitfull and forward to thriue as that you need not to take any more but the great leaues with their branches of 〈◊〉 as bring forth the fairest and greatest fruit and in like manner of the thicke 〈◊〉 in the middest seruing for no manner of vse after that the heads of them be 〈◊〉 and to plant them againe Also some haue otherwise vsed to cast downe 〈◊〉 said stalkes and burie them a foot deepe in good manured ground the leaues at 〈◊〉 top bound at the end with a little straw and the stalke layed downe and well 〈◊〉 and they keepe them thus watering them now and then if the time be not 〈◊〉 ynough of it selfe for to make shootes and young sets of in Winter or at other 〈◊〉 and some there be that pricke the heads in a well manured earth and being 〈◊〉 planted doe couer them in Winter with the chaffe or dust of Line or Hempe 〈◊〉 keepe them from the frost and that in the yeare following they may bring forth 〈◊〉 fruit Moreouer the Artichoke is sowen in the increase of the Moone of March 〈◊〉 beds well dunged and fatted but you must not looke to haue any whole and 〈◊〉 fruit of them vntill the next yeare after And if you would haue the seed to 〈◊〉 make little small pits vpon your bed a good foot one from another and halfe 〈◊〉 foot deepe and as much broad and these fill with old dung that is verie small and â—lacke earth that is verie fine mixt together and aboue the same placâ— prick or thrust in the seed of your Artichoke two inches within the earth the small end 〈◊〉 and putting fiue or sixe seeds in one pit together and making many pits neere 〈◊〉 in a round compasse that so they may make a faire knot and plant and 〈◊〉 you may couer it againe easily without much stamping or treading for it And 〈◊〉 soone as the Artichoke hath leaues bigge ynough it must be watered and 〈…〉 continued in such places as are verie drie that so it may bring forth a 〈◊〉 and great fruit Aboue all things care must be had that the small end be not 〈◊〉 contrarie put downeward for then it would bring forth writhen weake small 〈◊〉 hard Artichokes You must also make choice of the fairest and greatest â—eed 〈◊〉 may be found and that the small pits be made a good fathome the one from the 〈◊〉 that so one plant may not hinder another It is true that it is better to 〈…〉 slips and branches than the seed because there commeth fruit the sooner of the 〈◊〉 than of the other and because that in so planting of them you may be occupied 〈◊〉 well imployed euerie moneth and so reape your fruit in diuers seasons of the 〈◊〉 according as the earth is fat or leane hot or cold moist or drie or as the 〈◊〉 hardly agreeing with and vnfit for this plant And in anie case plant of those 〈◊〉 beare the fairest fruit according as there are diuers sorts in respect of their 〈◊〉 length roundnesse diuers colours and tast some also being prickly and 〈◊〉 without pricks For of Artichokes there be diuers kinds as the round and the 〈◊〉 the red and the greene the round which is greene is a good Artichoke so 〈…〉 red although it be long yet the soale is but thinne neither is the leafe verie 〈◊〉 onely it is exceeding pleasant in tast the greene which is long is of 〈◊〉 sorts the worst for it neither beareth good soale nor good leafe but is a loose 〈◊〉 leaued Artichoke euer wallowish and vnpleasant but the round large 〈◊〉 whose tops of leaues are red being hard firme and as it were all of one piece is of 〈◊〉 other the best Artichoke hath the deepest soale the thickest leafe and is the 〈◊〉 to grow in anie soyle whatsoeuer And therefore I would with euerie man as 〈◊〉 as he can to make choice of these before anie other kind If you would that the Artichoke should grow without prickes you must 〈◊〉 against a stone and breake the end of the seed which is sharpe or else put the 〈◊〉 after the manner of a graft in the â—oot of a Lettuce which hath no rinde and 〈…〉 small pieces in such sort as that euerie piece may be grafted with a seed and so 〈◊〉 You shall haue Artichokes of good tast if you let the seed steepe three 〈◊〉 before you plant it in the iuice of Roses or Lillies or oyle of Bay or of 〈◊〉 or some other sweet and fragrant iuice and then afterward drie it â—nd so plant 〈◊〉 it Although that as concerning the former oyles there be some which are of a 〈◊〉 opinion and doe thinke that the oyle doth spoyle the seed You shall 〈◊〉 Artichoke of the smell of the Bay tree if you cleaâ—e or make a hole in a Bay 〈◊〉 and putting therein the seed of an Artichoke doe set it so Artichokes will be 〈◊〉 in tast if before you set the seed you steepe them in milke which must be 〈◊〉 and changed twice or thrice before that it sowre or in honey and then 〈◊〉 drie and set them Two sorts of beasts doe annoy the roots of Artichokes Mice and Moâ—les 〈◊〉 dung of Swine or the ashes of the Fig-tree spread about the roots of the 〈◊〉 doe chase away Mice and the like will fall out if you wrap their roots aboâ—◠〈◊〉 wooll Some to driue away Rats that destroy the roots of Artichokes vnder the 〈◊〉 pricke downe halfe a foot deepe in the earth certaine stickes of Elder tree 〈◊〉 some foure ynches
from the other the smell of which Elder is so odious 〈…〉 beasts that they haue no desire to come neere it either vnder or aboue the 〈◊〉 so long as it is greene and therefore when these first stickes shall be drie you 〈◊〉 renew them Othersome put Thornes that are verie sharpe and pricking or 〈…〉 of Chesnuts vnder the earth round about the plants of the Artichokes 〈…〉 one neere vnto another to the end that the Rats comming neere vnto the 〈◊〉 may presently be driuen backe againe Others cause Beanes to be boyled 〈…〉 poysoned water and doe put them in the holes of this wicked cattell for they 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sent thereof they run thither presently As concerning Moules we will speake of 〈◊〉 manner of killing them hereafter The root of Artichoke sodden in Wine and drunke is soueraigne against the difâ—â—cultie of making water for the stinking and strong smell of the arme-pits and of 〈◊〉 vrine also for the hot and scalding fretting of ones vrine whether it come of the 〈◊〉 or of some other cause and so also for the dropsie the pulpe boyled in flesh 〈◊〉 and eaten with Salt Pepper and Galanga made in powder helpeth the weakâ—sse of the generatiue parts The Italians eat them in the morning raw with bread 〈◊〉 salt whiles they be yet young and tender CHAP. XV. Of Sorrell and Burnet SOrrel and Burnet notwithstanding that they grow vntild in great aboundance yet they may be sowen in fine ground and well manured in the Spring time especially the Sorrell for as for Burnet it groweth likewise and as well in drie grounds nothing tilled or stirred both of them 〈◊〉 planted in gardens must from the beginning be well watered and he that deâ—reth to gather the seed must take them vp and plant them againe suffering them to â—row to their perfection and then to drie and wither They feare not cold or frost â—either yet aboundance of water but they looke especially the Sorrell that they 〈◊〉 become the fairer to be cut three or foure times a yeare All the sorts of Sorrell as well those of the field as those of the garden haue this â—ertue that being boyled with flesh how old and hard soeuer it be yet they make it â—nder and loose the bodie The leaues of Sorrell rosted in hot ashes haue a singular force to resolue or to cause 〈◊〉 Apostumate the swellings of the eyes or as some Surgeons vse if you take the 〈◊〉 of Sorrell and lap them vp close in a Burre-docke leafe then lay it in the hot 〈◊〉 and rost it as you would rost a Warde then open it and applie it as hot 〈◊〉 the patient is able to endure it to any impostumation or byle whatsoeuer about 〈◊〉 part of a mans bodie it will not onely in short space ripen and breake it but also â—raw and heale it verie sufficiently it is also being boyled in Posset-ale a verie â—â—od cooler of the bloud and a great comferter against inflamations which come by â—â—urning Feauers A Cataplasme made of the leaues of Sorrell with twice as much 〈◊〉 Swines-grease all beaten and mingled together and afterward put in the leafe of 〈◊〉 Colewort vnder the hot ashes is soueraigne against cold Apostumes The seed of â—orrel powdred and drunke with water or wine doth asswage the paine of the blouâ—ie flux Sorrell steept in vinegar and eaten in the morning fasting is a preseruatiue â—gainst the plague as also the Syrope or Iuleb made with the juice thereof The â—aues of Sorrell well stamped and applied vnto the wrest doth tame the fiercenesse 〈◊〉 the ague Burnet of the garden being an herbe that some vse to put in their salades whereof 〈◊〉 haue here spoken and which is also the same which the Latinists call Sanguisorâ—â— taken in drinke is good to restraine the monethly termes of women and all other 〈◊〉 of the belly but especially such as are of bloud it is good also to dry vp wounds â—nd vlâ—ers if it be applied vnto them in forme of a Cataplasme Some doe much â—teeme it in the Plague time and some say that the often vse of Burnet especially 〈◊〉 juice thereof is a verie soueraigne preseruatiue against dangerous diseases beâ—â—use it hath a propertie verie much strengthening the Liuer the Heart and the Spiâ—â—â—ts The leaues of Burnet put into the wine make it more pleasant more strong and â—omewhat Aromaticall and of the taste of Millions they are verie good to be put in sallades made with Oyle Salt and Vinegar according as we see them vsed 〈◊〉 day CHAP. XVI Of Harts-horne Trickmadame and Pearcestone AS for Harts-horne and Trickmadame they haue no need of any 〈…〉 or planting for both of them will come in any ground that 〈◊〉 would haue them whether it be husbanded or not True it is that if 〈◊〉 would haue Harts-horne flourish and faire liking you must cut it oft 〈◊〉 it along vpon some roller or cause it to go vpon foot by it selfe for it delighteth to 〈◊〉 so intreated and vtterly refusing to grow otherwise than against the ground 〈◊〉 madame doth nothing feare the cold and doth grow principally vpon the old 〈◊〉 of vines in a stonie and grauelly earth These are put in Summer-sallades 〈◊〉 neither of theâ—â— haue either tast or smell fit for the same The Harts-horne is goodâ— stay the flux of the bellie Trickmadame stamped with Lettuce and applied vnto the pulses doth delay 〈◊〉 heat of an ague The distilled water thereof being often times drunken doth 〈◊〉 roughly heale burning and tertian agues Pearcestone is sowen in a drie and sandie soile and craueth to be much 〈◊〉 euen from the beginning he that desireth the seed must let the hearbe grow to 〈◊〉 perfection and afterward to drie the seed as corne is dried It may be preserued in salt and vinegar after the manner of purcelane and then 〈◊〉 soueraigne for the difficultie of vrine for the jaundise and to breake the stone to proâ—â—uoke vvomens termes and to stirre vp ones appetite if it be vsed in the beginning 〈◊〉 meat For want of such as is pickled in vinegar you may make the decoction of 〈◊〉 leaues roots and seeds in Wine for to vse in the same disease CHAP. XVII Of Marigolds MArigolds haue not need of any great ordering for they grow in 〈◊〉 fields and in any ground that a man will neither doe they 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 sowen euerie yeare for being once sowen they afterward grow of theâ— selues and beare flowers in the Calends of euery moneth of the yere 〈◊〉 in Sommer as in Winter for which cause the Italians call them the flower of all 〈◊〉 moneths To be short the place where they haue once beene sowen can hardly 〈◊〉 of them If they be neuer to little husbanded and cut many times they will beare 〈◊〉 faire â—lowers and verie great but yet euer more in Autumne than in the Spring The juice of the
flowers of Marigolds drunke fasting haue great force to 〈◊〉 the termes of vvomen the fume or smoake of them taken through a 〈◊〉 into the secret parts doth the like and causeth the after-birth to come forth and 〈◊〉 young maides out of the Greene-sicknesse The conserue of the same 〈◊〉 haue the same vertue The women of Italie as well to prouoke the 〈◊〉 as to 〈◊〉 them doe frie the juice and tender crops of this hearbe with the yolkes of 〈◊〉 and doe eat them The verie same juice mingled with a little Wine or warme 〈◊〉 is a soueraigne remedie to asswage the extreame paines of the head and teeth 〈◊〉 one vse â—t in manner of a lotion This juice drunke to the quantitie of an ounce 〈◊〉 the weight of a French-crowne of the powder of Earth-wormes rightly prepared 〈◊〉 helpe greatly against the jaundise Some say that to eat oft of Marigold leaues 〈◊〉 make a good countenance the distilled vvater of Marigold leaues being dropt 〈◊〉 his eyes or linnen clothes wet therein and applied vnto them doth heale the 〈◊〉 of the eyes The powder of the leaues thereof dried and put in the hollow 〈◊〉 the tooth doth cure the aking of the same The juice of the flowers of Marigolds 〈◊〉 to the quantitie of two ounces in the beginning of a pestilentiall ague doth 〈◊〉 the plague so that the sicke after he hath drunke this juice doe presently lye 〈◊〉 and be made sweat being throughly couered in his bed it doth cure also the â—ndise and beating of the heart The conserue of the flowers of Marigolds doth 〈◊〉 like To drinke halfe an houre before the comming of the fit of a quartaine aguâ—â—â—out three ounces of vvhite vvine vvherein haue beene sleept seuen seeds of Mariâ—â—ds and to go ouer this drinke for diuers mornings together is a soueraigne mediâ—â—â— against a quartaine ague CHAP. XVIII Of Beets and Blites white and red BEets as well the vvhite as the blacke and red vvhich is called Bâ—tte and lotte of the inhabitants of Tourraine or Romane of the Picardes are 〈◊〉 not onely in Leâ—t but at all times especially after December vntill March and in August to the end that there may alwaies be in a reaâ—nesse both old and young and for to gather feed which may endure good thrâ—â—â—â—ares And for this cause you must take them vp and plant them againe when they 〈◊〉 put forth fiue leaues and put vnto the roots a little new dung and afterward 〈◊〉 and raise their earth and free them quite from vveeds they are apt and easie â—â—ough to grow and though they be cut yet they will spring againe if they be planâ—â—d in a fat and well manured ground They haue this speciall and as it were admiâ—â—ble qualitie in them namely that they neuer come to their full perfection vntil the 〈◊〉 yeare after they be sowen in respect whereof I could aduise the gardiner not 〈◊〉 gather any seeds of the beets to sow but such as the beet shall bring forth the third 〈◊〉 for of such seed there grow verie faire and goodly beets If you would make choyce of faire beets chuse rather the white than either the â—lacke or red as being the fairest and tenderest but to haue such as shall be verie â—reat and vvhite you must couer the root with the new dung of Oxen and cleaue in â—nder their sprout as is done with Leekes and to lay vpon them a large and broad â—one or a bricke If you would haue your beets red water them with the Lees of 〈◊〉 Wine or else plant them in such a place as wherein they may haue great heat 〈◊〉 the Sunne Beets â—aten in pottage doe loose the bellie the juice of beets drawne vp into the â—â—ose doth purge the braine the same juice â—ubbed vpon the head causeth Lice and 〈◊〉 to die The roots of beets roasted in the ashes and eaten do take away the ill 〈◊〉 that commeth of eating Garleeke The root of beets stamped and cast in wine â—oth turne the same within three houres after into vinegar Blites are sowne in March and are not long in comming out of the earth If they 〈◊〉 sowen in a well tilled ground they will also grow the next yeare following withâ—ut any new sowing in such manner as that the ground will hardly be rid of them 〈…〉 craue no weeding or sweeping Blites doe loose the bellie their decoction wherein hath boyled the roots and â—â—aues killeth licâ— and nits their leaues roasted amongst ashes or boyled doe healâ—â—â—rnings the first boyling of Blites with the gall of an Oxe and the Oyle of 〈◊〉 â—oth take away all spots out of garments without doing any harme 〈◊〉 presently 〈◊〉 you must wash the place with warme water CHAP. XIX Of Arrach and Spinage THe hearbe Arrach in Latine called Atriplex aswell the white and 〈◊〉 as the greene doe naturally grow in grounds manured with 〈◊〉 and in such place as where there hath beets growne at other time 〈◊〉 become red in the same sort that beets doe in a fat and well 〈◊〉 ground But they are sowne in Februarie March and Aprill and they would 〈◊〉 sowne thin and not thicke and oftentimes watered Some sow them in 〈◊〉 to gather them in Winter They will not be remoued but rather wed 〈◊〉 dunged with good dung often cut and pruned and that with an yron toole 〈◊〉 they may not spend themselues in turning all their substance into leaues But 〈◊〉 after the time that the seed is scattered vpon the earth it must presently be 〈◊〉 with earth and they must be sowne as cleare as may be that so they may 〈◊〉 and come faire and goodly ones In lesse than fiâ—teene daies they be readie to 〈◊〉 The Italians vse to make a kind of Tart of Arraches They chop small the 〈◊〉 and stampe them with cheese fresh butter and the yolkes of Egges afterward 〈◊〉 put them in paste and bake them in the ouen Spinage so called because his seed is prickly is of two sorts the male and 〈…〉 the female beareth no seed Both of them are â—owen in August Septemâ—â— and October for to be vsed in Lent time and in December Ianuarie and 〈◊〉 for Sommer they beare out the roughnesse of all seasons verie well and 〈◊〉 whether it be frost cold or snow they grow also in any ground so that 〈…〉 well dressed and somewhat moist they require to the end they may prosper 〈◊〉 and spring quickly to be watered euery euening and to be couered either 〈…〉 or stubble they stand not in need to be wed but if they be cut oft they grow the 〈◊〉 And he that would haue them to continue long and flourish must at 〈…〉 cut off the one halfe of the stalke and at another time the other halfe Likewise 〈◊〉 that would haue them to continue sometime without being sowne euerie year 〈◊〉 at the first when he soweth them see that the seed be a good full and
well fed 〈◊〉 for then for some yeares following they will grow without being sowne againe 〈◊〉 though the seed of the second yeare will be somewhat weake for to keepe 〈…〉 the fâ—ost you must couer them with Walnut-tree-leaues and that before 〈◊〉 or â—ogges doe fall in any manner of sort The inhabitants of Paris know well ynough how profitable Spinage is 〈…〉 make meat oâ— it Lent which vse to make diuers sorts of dishes thereof for their 〈◊〉 as sometimes they â—rie them with butter in pots of earth sometimes they 〈◊〉 them at a small fire with butter in pot of earth sometimes they make 〈◊〉 of them as also diuers other fashions especially they make a most excellent 〈◊〉 sallade thereof by taking the greene leaues thereof and boyling it in â—aire 〈…〉 iâ— be soft as pap then take it from the fire and straine it and vvith the backes of 〈◊〉 chopping-kniues chop it so small as possibly you can then put it into a verie 〈◊〉 sweet pipkin or skelleâ— with a good quantitie of sweet butter and currants verie 〈◊〉 vvâ—sht and so boâ—le it ouer againe a good space then with vinegar and sugar 〈◊〉 iâ— according to the tast vvhich pleaseth you best and so serue it vp vpon 〈…〉 hard egges or otherwise as you please for it is of all sallads the best The vse of 〈◊〉 is good for them vvhich haue some impediment in breathing or speaking 〈◊〉 vvhich are much troubled vvith the cough especially if such a one in the morning 〈◊〉 the broth of Spinage boyled vvith fresh butter or oyle of sweet Almonds 〈◊〉 loosen the bellie their juice is good against the stinging of Scorpions and 〈◊〉 whether you drinke it or 〈◊〉 it to outwardly CHAP. XX. Of Borage and Buglosse BOrage and Buglosse being hearbes much differing in leaues and flowers are alike notwithstanding in their roots seeds and vertues seruing to put in the pottage whiles their leaues are tender and the flowers are vsed in Salades They are sowne in August or September for Winter vse and 〈◊〉 Apâ—â—ll for Summer they may be remoued at anie time And as for the seed it 〈◊〉 be gathered halfe ripe that so it may not leape out of his coat And of this 〈◊〉 and Buglosse you shall sow but a verie small quantitie for it is â—o apt and 〈◊〉 of growth the seed so soone ripe and so apt to shed that albeit your vigilance 〈◊〉 verie great yet you shall find it will in short space soone spread and ouer-runne 〈◊〉 ground neither where it is once sowne can it but with great difficultie euer 〈◊〉 be rooted out Buglosse but especially the flower doth minister pleasantnesse vnto men that vse 〈◊〉 times because it cheareth vp the heart purgeth the bloud and comforteth the 〈◊〉 spirits The broth wherein Buglosse shall haue beene boyled doth loose the 〈◊〉 The root that beareth three stalkes stamped with the seed and boyled in 〈◊〉 doth serue to be taken against tertian Agues The wine wherein the leaues of 〈◊〉 shall haue beene steept taketh away all sadnesse The iuice of Buglosse 〈◊〉 and Parsley mixt with Wine or oyle of sweet Almonds is a soueraigne 〈◊〉 to cause the after-birth of women to fall away The iuice of Borage and 〈◊〉 drunken is a preseruatiue against poyson if a man haue drunke it as also 〈◊〉 the biting of venimous beasts Buglosse hauing three leaues being stamped 〈◊〉 his seed and root and drunke doth helpe to put away the shakings of a 〈◊〉 Ague and that which hath foure against the shiâ—ering colds of quartaines 〈◊〉 water distilled is singular against the doâ—ages happening in Feauers as also 〈◊〉 the inflamation of the eyes CHAP. XXI Of Leekes both great and small LEekes as well those that are long headed as those that are round doe not require so rich and fat a ground as the hearbes going before and they may be sowne at all times if it were not for the gathering of the seed for which cause they must be sowne in December Ianuarie and 〈◊〉 and there it will be ripe after March and mid August and that if from the 〈◊〉 that they are sowne you goe and tread vpon the Beds and water them not but 〈◊〉 daies after They are wont to be remoued when they grow of seed and that either into 〈◊〉 euerie one being set foure ynches from another and then there is nothing 〈◊〉 from them but the ends and tops of the leaues or into a hole made with a sticke 〈◊〉 then the roots must be made cleane and cropped off as also manie of the leaues 〈◊〉 sand with the earth or you shall plant them to make them great if you 〈◊〉 a bricke vpon the head of them after you haue planted them This must be in â—prill May or all Iune to haue for Summer vse and in August September and â—ctober for the Winter vse in anie case you must weed water and dung them 〈◊〉 times especially the round headed ones Furthermore to make them verie â—â—icke put the seed of a Cucumber and of Nauets in a Reed or in Boxe boared through and graft this reed into the head of the Leeke when you plant it the second time or else if you will haue great and grosse Leekes you must put so much of their seed as you can hold in three fingers in an old Linnen Cloth that is foule and put it into the earth couering it with dung and watering it by and by for all this little heape of Seed thus put together will make one great and thicke Leeke Nerâ— vsed euerie morning the leaues of Leekes with oyle to haue a good voiceâ— although that Leekes be noysome to the stomacke as being verie windie except they be boyled in a second water If you eat Cummin before you eat Leekes your breath will not smell afterward of Leekes The leaues of Leekes boiled and applyed vnto the swolâ—e Hemorrhoids doth verie much good both against the swelling and paine of them The leaues of Leekes stamped with Honey and applyed informe of a Cataplasme vnto the stingings of Spiders or vpon the biting of venimouâ— Beasts are soueraigne remedies for the same The iuice of Leekes mixt with vineger and rubbed vpon the browes stayeth bleeding at the nose The seed of Leekes stamped and drunke with white or sweet Wine doth heale the difficultie of making Water The iuice of Leekes drunke with white Wine helpeth to bring Women a bed which trauell in child-birth The seed of Leekes stampt with Myrrhe and the iuice of Plantaine it good to stay the spitting of bloud and bleeding at the nose The seed of Leekes cast in a vessell of Wine doth keepe the Wine from sowring and if it should be sowre alreadie it reneweth it and returneth it to his former goodnesse The iuice of Leekes or Leekes themselues boyled in oyle take away the paine and wormes in the eares Leekes roasted vnder embers and eaten is singular good against the poyson of
the nosthrils mingled with Hennes grease it dryeth vp the Kibes applyed with a linnen cloth vnto burnings it easeth and take◠〈◊〉 the paine being mixt with strong vineger it stayeth bleeding at the nose if it be dropt and put into the nose with a feather An Onion rosted vpon hot coales and eaten with Sugar Oyle and a little Vineger doth cure the Cough and is good for them that are stopped or stuffed in their Lungs and such as are short breathed Take away the heart of an Onions 〈◊〉 it with Cummin seed powdred stop the hole and rost the Onion thus prepared â—â—der hot ashes when it is rosted strayne it out this iuice is singular good for the noyses and deafenesse of the eares being dropped into them The thicke riâ—de of the Onion burned or rosted vnder hot ashes assuageth old Head-ach and Megrams if you put in little morsell moistened or besprinkled with Oyle of Roses and Bayes within the eare of that side of the head that aketh An Onion stamped with fresh Butter easeth the paines of the Hemorrhoids stamped with Honey and Salt it is a soueraigne remedie for the biting of a mad dogge and other such like beasts mingled with Hennes grease it taketh away the red and blew spots of the face boyled in Wine or in Water and afterward stamped and fried in common Oyle and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vnto the Nauell it assuageth the throwes of Women newly brought in bed rosted vpon hot coales and mixed with Leauen and Oyle of Lillies it ripeneth Imposâ—umes Take away the heart of the Onion fill the hollow place with Tracle or Mithridate dissolued and beat with the iuice of Citrons stoppe vp the hole againe with the Cap or vpper Crust which you cut ofâ— rost all together vnder the hot ashes and that so long as vntill all be well incorporated and drencht in afterward strayne the Onion so rosted and giue that which shall be strayned to drinke to him that is infected with the Plague and cause him by and by to lye downe and to be well couered to the end that he may sweat This Medicine hath not his match against the Plague prouided that the sweat breake forth by and by As for Chibols and Chyues they come more neere vnto the nature of Onions as by the smell one may well perceiue than vnto the nature of Leekes which they nothing resemble saue onely in the blade or stalke and in that they haue no head They must be sowne in the Spring as other hearbes in the same ground with the Onion They are verie pleasant in Salads to temper the coldnesse of other cold hearbes CHAP. XXIIII Of Garlicke GArlicke as is well knowne vnto the inhabitants of Gascoine Aquitaine Limosin and those about Burdeaux would be planted at the same time that Onions are and in the new of the Moone that so they may be great and it must not be set in whole heads but in those little â—loues and parts which may be diuided and taken off from the head They shall be set all along vpon beds diuided by ridges like vnto ridged grounds of the Countrey of Beaux to the end that the water may not destroy them in Winter For this hearbe desireth a drie ground and but a little moist verie white and not much dunged or verie fat When they shall haue put forth three leaues you must weed them as oft as you can for so they will become fairer and their seed will be the greater Who so is desirous to haue it great headed must take away the tops of it or else tread it downe with his feet before it put forth his stalke for by this meanes the iuice will returne into the head It groweth likewise of Seed but more slowly for it hath no better a head for the first yeare than a Leeke the second yeare it beginneth to be better headed and more like it selfe but is not perfect and absolute vntill the third yeare If you sow it in the wane of the Moone and take them vp in like manner when the Moone is vnder the earth you shall haue Garlicke that will not smell so strong but contrariwise if you sow in the new or growth of the Moone Likewise it will haue a sweet sauour if when you sow it you set in the middest thereof the kernels of Oliues as likewise if in planting it you set by the side thereof a Cloue ioyned verie close thereunto it will retaine the smell and taste thereof In like manner it will be of a better taste if you steepe it in good sweet Wine a day before that you sow it And if you steepe it in Milke two dayes before you sowe it it will become both greater and better The fit and conuenient time to gather and take it vp is in the wane of the Moone and in drie and faire weather when the stalke will no longer stand vpright It is kept well vpon straw lying bare or hung vp in the smoake of the chimney or being steept a little in salt water And to keepe it long you must let it ripe well and when it is gathered to lay it in the Sunne that it may drie throughly and afterward to lay it vp in a place that is not moist and whereas notwithstanding the Sunne commeth not for so it would continue but a while It is true that if you meane to sow and set it afterward that then you must not hang it vp in the smoakâ— nor steepe it in salt water for such kind of keeping doth make it barren and not fit to grow anie more Garlicke eaten bringeth a verie vnpleasant smell vnto the mouth and for the taking away of the same you must eat a raw Beane by and by after or the ribbe of a Beet rosted in ashes or some Smallage or greene Parsley or which is better if you loue Garlicke and hate the stinking breath that it yeeldeth then vse vineger wherein it hath beene steeped or else cause the Dishes and Vessels whereon your meat is to be serued to be rubbed therewith for by this 〈◊〉 you shall haue the taste thereof in your mouth and yet your breath shall not smell anie thing ill Garlicke eaten fasting is the Countrey mans Treacle in the time of the Plague and other dangerous diseases as also against all manner of Venime and Poyson It is true that it causeth thirst and heat throughout the bodie and head-ach when it is ofâ— vsed but all these inconueniences will be easily corrected if you eate some Smallage or Parsley presently after Verie manie men but especially the people of Aquitaine in the beginning of the Spring time namely the first day of May doe eat euerie morning Garlicke with fresh butter by this meanes they hope to continue sound and strong all the yeare Garlicke applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vnto the stingings of Serpenâ—s or biting of a mad Dogge is a soueraigne medicine against the same
principally in that which is moist Neither the one nor yet the other doth beare any seed as Writers record notwithstanding it hath beene tried that the male beareth seed and that it cleaueth to the hindermost part of the leaues but yet so little that hardly can a man see it and which cannot be acknowledged or gathered but in the end of Iulie which is the time when it is ripe for to gather it you must cut the leafe neere vnto the root and then hang them vp in your house spreading a linnen cloth vnder them or else some faire cleane white paper I know well that the common sort doe verily thinke and auerre that this seed cannot be gathered but on the night of the wakes of S. Iohn in Sommer and that more is not without great ceremonies and mumbling and muttering of many words betweene the teeth which haue power to driue away Deuills which haue the custodie of the same seed but all this is nothing but fables The decoction thereof is good to prouoke womens termes to cast out the dead child to kill wormes and some doe vse it to heale the frettings or hurts that may be in the fundament fallen downe but especially the female Hearbe Two-pence so called because the leaues resemble small peeces of siluer requireth no great peece of husbandrie about it saue onely that it would haue a moist ground The whole hearbe either in decoction or powder but especially the water thereof distilled in a limbecke is verie singular good for the falling downe of the fundament Fleawort being called of the Latines Psyllium craueth a verie fat well manured and batled ground for else there will no good come of it The seed prepared in forme of a Mucilage and applied in vinegar doth kill the wild fire and teâ—â—er applied vnto the head or brows it taketh away the paine thereof it taketh away also the rednesse of the eyes being applyed thereunto The distilled water is of infinite goodnesse seruing in the paynes of the eyes two or three drops thereof onely being dropt into them This hearbe requireth a verie fat place well manured and tilled likewise we see it grow aboundantly in vineyards and grounds for Wheat and Barlie The leaues are verie singular good for the opening of the liuer and cleansing away of adust humours and this also is the cause why physitians prescribe it with whay in scuruie scabbie and itchie cases and where the leprosie is The juice thereof is good to cleere bleared eyes Ground-swell groweth in euerie ground and without any great care we see if grow likewise neere vnto walls and vpon the townes walls it is greene all the yere and flourisheth as it were in euerie moneth and this is the cause why the Italians call it euerie moneths flower Some thinke that Ground-swell distilled is verie singular good for the Whites in women but beleeue it not before you find it true by proofe for I haue obserued by often vse that this hearbe whether in decoction or otherwise prouoketh the termes that are stayed Birt-wort as well the long as the round must be planted in a fat and fertile soyle such as that where Wheat is sowne and Oliue trees planted Their roots amongst other alâ—â—ost inâ—inite vertues cause womens courses purge the lungs cause spitting cure the cough and prouoke vrine which more is if either of them be taken in drinke especially the round one made in powder with Pepper and Myrrhe it driueth forth the after-birth the dead conception and all other superfluities gathered in the Matrix it doth the like being applied in forme of a Mother suppositorie It purgeth all obstructions of the liuer and easeth all manner of colicke or other griefes which proceed from windie causes it is soueraigne against all manner of poyson or any other infection it cleanseth the bloud and by rubbing the gummes therewith it preserueth the teeth from rotting Centaurie or the gall of the earth aswel the great as the smal desireth a fat ground that is fruitfull and well tilled and yet in such a ground they thriue not well without the great care and industrie of the Gardener Their root in decoction juice or powder moueth womens termes and prouoketh vrine expelleth the dead child purgeth â—legmaticke humors which cause the sciatica openeth the obstructions of the liuer and spleene killeth the wormes profiteth and helpeth palsies convulsions and diseases of the sinews it cleareth the sight and taketh away all mistinesse from them especially the juice dropt into the eyes doth heale their fresh and new wounds and siccatriceth old and maligne vlcers Woodbind craueth no great tilling or husbanding for it groweth euerie where and in what place soeuer it listeth It is true that it desireth greatly to be neere broome hedges and also the borders of fields The fruit of Woodbind drunke with Wine the space of fortie daies taketh away the obstructions of a hard and indurat spleene it purgeth out vrine with such force as that the tenth day the vrine becommeth all bloudie it helpeth women in their child-birth the leaues in decoction or distilled doe heale wounds and filthie vlcers wipe away the spots and scarres of the bodie and of the face Pimpernel hath red and blew flowers and craueth a moist and shadowed ground so likewise we see it grow in the shadows of hedges and bushes Pimpernell with the red flowers stampe and applied vnto the eyes or the juice thereof dropt within them taketh away the inflammations dimnesâ—e and vlcers of the eyes and healâ—th the inflammations of the secret parts Pimpernell with the blew flower boyled with salt and water is a verie good and proper medicine to cure the itch or scurfe and the lice or wormes in the hands if you wash them oâ—t therewith Buckwheat is a verie common hearbe and yet but little knowne by his name it is verie ordinarie in corne and tilled grounds about haruest time The Peasants of Champaigne doe commonly call it Veluote because in my judgement the leaues are hairie which name I mind not to change but rather to keepe for the easier knowing of the hearbe They make vse of it by applying it if at any time in shearing they happen to cut themselues with their sickles For to know it better therefore than onely by the name it putteth forth from the root fiue sixe seuen or eight small branches for the most part layed along vpon the earth of the length of a hand and sometime of a foot bearing leaues somewhat like vnto the little bindweed but indeed they be lesse and more round verie hairie and a little fattie The flower is small and of diuers colours drawing verie neere vnto a pale yellow but in greatnesse it commeth neâ—re vnto the flower of eyeâ— bright but in shape and fashion vnto the nettle slower The water of the leaues and branches distilled whiles it is in force in a Limbeck in Maries-bath is singular
soeuer doth heale and cure the same presently it 〈◊〉 the like in old vlcers though they pierce vnto the bone iâ— you continue the vse of it so long as there shall be any need for it maketh the flesh to grow againe and consumeth the filhinesse of the vlcers which I my selfe haue proued in two 〈◊〉 of the nose caused of the French disease out of which the juice of this hearbe 〈◊〉 great store of vvormes to come Greene vvounds prouided that they be nâ—t 〈◊〉 deepe are healed in a day by putting into them of this juice and applying of thâ— drosse vpon them and if it happen that they should be deepe then it is but the â—â—â—ther washing of them with wine and then to put this juice into them and the 〈◊〉 thereof aboue and vpon them with a linnen cloth dipt into the juice also for 〈◊〉 more briefe and speedâ—â—hr curing of them it were good that they were washed 〈◊〉 and without with the same juice Nicotiana dried hath the like operation in the diseases and accidents aboue spâ—ken of the way to drie them is this You must take the fairest leaues and those also that are indifferent faire and put them vpon a file and afterward drie 〈…〉 the shadow hanging vnder some chamber doore not in the Sunne Wind or 〈◊〉 and so you may keepe them whole to vse them afterward thus dried or else in poâ—der And that I may particularly touch the diseases which the dried leaues are good for If you take of the best Tabacco or Nicotiana I doe not meane such as groâ—eth and is frequent with vs but that which is naturally good as hauing all his right both of Sunne and soyle and is brought from the Indians of which there are 〈◊〉 kinds according to the natures of the countries and the plantation of the herbe 〈◊〉 in leafe some in roll and some in ball and twine it verie hard as you can togethâ—â— then with a knife shred it verie small and spreading it vpon a cleane sheet of 〈◊〉 drie it ouer a gentle fire made of charcoale or other fuell that hath no stinke 〈◊〉 smoake then when it is cold you shall put it into a Tabacco pipe that is 〈◊〉 cleane or new 〈◊〉 the figure whereof is needlesâ—e to relate because the world 〈◊〉 so much inchaunted therewith that not any thing whatsoeuer is halfe so 〈…〉 this is now a daies and hauing slopt it hard into the pipe you shall with a 〈◊〉 candle or other sweet flame set it on fire and then sucking and drawing the 〈◊〉 into your mouth you shall force the fume forth at your nosthrills which fume 〈◊〉 the head be well couered make that you shall auoid at the mouth such 〈◊〉 sâ—â—mie and flegmaticke water as that your bodie thereby will become leane aâ— if 〈◊〉 had fasted long by which one may conjecture that the dropsie not confirmed 〈◊〉 be holpen by taking the same fume the same fume taken at the mouth is 〈◊〉 good for them that haue a short breath old cough or rheumes in which 〈◊〉 maketh them to auoyd infinite quantitie of thicke and slimie flegme The 〈◊〉 of the Mother otherwise called the Suffocation of the Mother is healed by 〈◊〉 this fume into the secret parts For the head-ach comming of a cold or windie cause if you cannot come by the greene leaues then take the drie moistening them first with a little wine and after drying them at liue ashes then afterward sprinkle vpon them sweet water and so applie them vnto your head or any other such place where you feele any paine you may doe as much with the powder of the leaues dried wingling therewithall things appropriat vnto the disease Such as are subject vnto swounings are by and by brought againe by taking at the mouth or nosthralls the fume of the said leaues burnt in respect whereof Indian women keepe this hearbe verie carefully because they be subiect to swounings Which is more the inhabitance of Florida doe feed themselues a certaine space with the fume of this hearbe whatsoeuer a certaine new Cosmographer say to the contrarie who seeketh by his â—yes to triumph ouer vs in this respect which they take at the mouth by the meanes of certaine small hornes the picture whereof you may see by the figure of the hearbe And the truth hereof we gather from them which haue beene in the countries of Florida and by mariners comming daily from the Indies which hanging about their neckes little pipes or hornes made of the leaues of the Date-tree or of reeds or of rushes at the ends of which little hornes there are put and packt many drie leaues of this plant writhen together and broken They put fire to this end of the pipe receiuing and drawing in with their breath at their mouth wide open so much of this fume as possibly they can and affirme thereupon that they find their hunger and chirst satisfied their strength recouered their spirits rejoyced and their braine drencht with a delightsome drunkennesse as also to auoyd out of the mouth an infinite quantitie of flegmaticke water But in that the fume of this hearbe maketh men somewhat drunke some men haue thought it to be verie cold and by that reason a kind of yellow Henbane which it resembleth much in his stalkes leaues cups and seed as we haue said before but we must know that the fume of this hearbe doth not make drunken so quickly and withall that this kind of drunkennesse doth not proceed of excessiue cold such as is found in Henbane but rather in a certaine atomaticall vapour which doth fill the ventricles of the braine All which vertues and properties besides that we haue proued and tried them in many diseases here in the countries of France to the great comfort of the sicke they also which come from the Indies and new world of Florida haue confidently auouched vnto vs to haue proued and tried the same in themselues hauing beene wounded and hurt when they made warre in the countrie against the rebellious and trecherous Indians who likewise affirme that much good is spoken of this hearbe euen of all the priests of these barbarous nations whereof they make vse in their Magicall practises and diuinations imagining that by the vertue thereof the things which they desire to know are reuealed vnto them And that it is so the sauage and bruitish Indians being accustomed to aske of their Priests the successe and euents of things to come is proued by the Priests for then they to fulfill the desires and requests of the Indians take the leaues of this plant and put them in a pipe or hollow end of a cane and being mixt with Wine they sup in and receiue it all at the mouth and by and by after they fâ—ll in a trance and become as men without life so long as vntill the hearbe haue ended his operation and then they rise vp halfe giddie and so
away their pilling they cut them in slices boyle them in water and after frie them in the flower of meale and butter or oyle and then cast vpon them pepper and salt this kind of meat is good for such men as are inclined to dallie with common dames and short-heeld huswiues because it is windie and withall ingendreth cholericke humours inâ—inite obstructions and head-ach sadnesse melancholicke dreames and in the end long continuing agues and therefore it were better to forbeare them Mandrakes as well the male as the female is more acceptable and to be commended for the beautie of his leaues fruit and whole plant than for the smell it hath it must be sowne or planted in some shadowed place a fat and well battild ground and be kept from the cold which it altogether detesteth and cannot abide The Apples of Mandrakes procure sleepe if you put but one of them vnder your eare when you are layed in bed it is all but fables which is spoken of the root which is not so cooling as the apple and hath vertue on the contrarie to drie soften and resolue all the hardnesse of the liuer spleene kings euill and such other tumours how hard and rebellious soeuer that they be Which is more Dioscorides reporteth that if one boyle the rootes of Mandrakes vvith Iuorie for the space of sixe houres it maketh the Iuorie so tractable and softeneth it in such sort as that you may set what impression vpon Iuorie that you please peraduenture such as bring vs vnicornes horne from thence doe vse such deceitfull and wily dealing with vs seeing by such their cunning skill they are able in such sort to soften Iuorie or the Harts-horne and thereby likewise able to worke it to the same forme which we receiue the vnicornes-horne in at this day Within this small time there hath beene seene a plant somewhat like vnto apples of loue bearing a round fruit like an apple diuided vpon the outside as the melon is with furrowes in the beginning it is greene but afterward when it commeth to ripenesse it becommeth somewhat golden and sometimes reddish This plant is more pleasant to the sight than either to the taste or smell because the fruit being eaten it prouoketh loathing and vomiting CHAP. L. Of the forme of setting Hearbes in order by proportion of diuers fashions WEe haue alreadie deliuered the forme of setting Hearbes in order as well such as are of a sweet smell as those which are for nosegaies and that either vpon particular beds or quarters now we will speake of the manner of bestowing of them in proportions of diuers fashions and in labyrinthes or mazes But in this course I cannot set thee downe an vniuersall and as it were inuiolable prescript and ordinance seeing the fashions of proportions doe depend partly vpon the spirit and inuention of the Gardener and partly vpon the pleasure of the maister and Lord vnto whom the ground and garden appertaineth the one whereof is lead by the hops and skips turnings and windings of his braine the other by the pleasing of his eye according to his best fantasie Notwithstanding that there may not any thing be here omitted which might worke your better contentment and greater pleasure by looking vpon the beautie and comelinesse of this your garden-plot I intend to set before you diuers figures of proportions and the manner of drawing of them cunningly to the end you may haue the meanes to chuse those which shall most delight you and best agree with your good liking In which I desire you to giue great thankes and acknowledge your selfe greatly beholden and bound vnto Monsieur Porcher Prior of Crecie in Brie the most excellent man in this art not onely in France but also in all Europe and not vnto me who shall be but his mouth in deliuering what he hath said written and communicated vnto me in precepts yet extant and to be seene with the eye And touching these proportions you shall vnderstand that they are of two kinds inward and outward the inward are those beauties and proportions which are bestowed vpon the inward parts or quarters of your garden as are knots mazes armes braunches or any other curious figures whatsoeuer and these are diuided by slender rowes or lines of hearbes flowers turfes or such like the outward beauties or proportions are those which are bestowed in the outward and generall parts of the whole or entire modell of the garden drawne into what figure knot or deuise your fancie can create or the ground retaine and are diuided by alleyes hedges deepe borders and such like as shall be at large shewed vnto you hereafter To come therefore vnto the matter all the sweet smelling hearbes and others for â—osegaies which we haue mentioned before are not fit and good to make proportions of The most fit and meet are penniroyall lauander hysâ—ope wild thyme rosemarie thyme â—age marierom cammomile violets daisies basil and other such hearbs as well those that are of sweet smell as those which are for nosegayes as for example lauander and rosemarie of a yeare old to make borders about the proportions or knots and as for boxe in as much as it is of a naughtie smell it is to be left off and not dealt withall All the rest of the hearbes as penniroyall hyssope wild thyme thyme sage maâ—ierom and such like are â—ittest to be vsed about the quarters or else in some such preâ—tie little deuises as are made in the middest of borders or whereof proportions of quarters without borders as wel whole as broken are made Germander also is an excellent hearbe for the setting forth of any inward proportion for it growes euen and comely thicke and vpright so is also mother of thyme winter-â—auorie and pinkes prouided that with your sheares you keepe them from too much spreading The hearbes whereof borders shall bee made must bee more high and thickeâ— set of leaues than those whereof proportions of quarters either whole or broken are made or yet the other which are in the middest of the borders that so the beautie and good proportion of the knot or quarter may bee seene and discerned more easily I call in these places that the border which compasseth the proportion or quarter about as also the alleys of the garden I call broken quarters those many small parcels which are sundred and seperate one from another The proportions either without borders or borders are either equally square in widenesse and length or else vnequally squared that is to say longer than they are wide or wider than they are long Or else of the forme and shape of an egge or of a forme and fashion that is mixt of a round and a square or of some such other forme as shall please the gardener as for example the fashion of a flower-deluce of a true loues knot of a lion rampant and other such like portraitures That which shall be in the midst of the proportions with borders
sweet of smell and such as will neuer faile but alwaies hold and bring forth in their season besides that a man may fit the root and branchâ—â— thereof to make a shadow Such Roses are not good to make conserues or distilled water nor for anie vse in Physicke onely they are good to drie and put amongst Linnen and other Apparrell because of their good smell It is true that some say that they loosen the bellie Looke further in the third Booke in the Chapter of the speciall properties of Grafting and Planting To haue Roses that shall smell verie sweet you must plant your Rose-tree in a place that is verie drie or else to set it round about with Garlicke The Roses will come early if you make a little trench of some two hands wide round about the Rose-tree and therein powre warme water morning and euening and yet this must not be attempted before it begin to put forth his buds You shall doe the like if you place your Rose-tree in baskets or pots of earth and order them after the manner of timely Gourds and Cucumbers as hath beene taught before You may keepe new Roses in their liuelinesse if you put them in the lees of Oyle so as that the lees may swimme aboue them Others pull vp greene Barly roots and all wherein they wrap Roses as yet not blowne and so put them together in a 〈◊〉 that is not pitched The way to haue greene Roses is if you graft the Rose-tree vpon an old Colewort stalke or vpon the bodie of an Oake but then the Roses will 〈◊〉 no smell You may make the Carnation Rose white if you perfume it with Brimstone 〈◊〉 such time as it beginneth to spread You may haue Roses of a yellow colour if after you haue planted the Rose-tree vvith his naturall earth neere vnto the broome you bore through the broome stalke vvith a vvimble and plant in the same hole diuers roots or shoots of the Rose-tree scraped round about so farre as they are to lye in the hole and after tie and make theâ— fast vnto the broome plant with mortar and whenas you see the hole bored in the stalke to be growne vp againe you shall cut off the broome stalke aboue the plaâ—â— vvhere you bored the hole and shall let the Rose-tree to put forth his shoots and 〈◊〉 by this meanes you shall haue yellow Roses The vertues of the Roses are sufficiently knowne vnto euerie one Some distill the vvhite and Prouence rose vvhich if you vvill haue it to retaine the full qualitie and vertue of the Rose together with the smell and fauour of the same you must distill in a glasse vessell and not in lead as is ordinarily accustomed Some make 〈◊〉 and syropes of carnation Roses which haue force to loosen the bellie and to purge the humours offending in serious and cholericke matter as also good for 〈…〉 the jaundise the obstructions of the liuer and beating of the heart The yellow growing within the Rose which is a flower accompanied as it vvere vvith smal haires doth stay the vvhite flowers of vvomen the white end of the leaues of Roses are good in a decoction to stay all manner of fluxes the cup hath the same force and vertues the seed and vvooll contained within the button of the Rose as also the whole button dried and made into powder is singular good to stay womenâ— whites and termes for the scalding of the vvater for the disease called Gonorrhaea taken the weight of a dram with sowre red wine Box-tree is planted of shoots or boughs after the twelfth day of Nouember It delighteth in hillie places and mountaines and groweth verie well in cold drie and vvindie places It must not be planted neere the place where bees are kept for the flower killeth them sodainly Some affirme that it corrupteth the ayre by the stinking smell it hath and for this cause it would be as sparingly planted in the garden as possibly may be Box-tree is better to make combes and other durable instruments of than for to vse in medicine if it were not that Physitians doe hold that the scrapings or râ—â—ped powder of Box and the leaues thereof boyled in Lee doe cause the haire to looke â—ed Some likewise doe thinke that it hath the like properties that Guaiacum hath in decoctions for the French disease but herein I referre my selfe rather to experiâ—nce than to reason Broome as well the small as the great is planted of shoots and boughs in the inâ—rease of the Moone about the Calends of March It may likewise be sowne and it requireth a drie and sandie ground The flowers as also the seed doe prouoke vrine and breake the stone as well of the reines as of the bladder the flowers prouoke vomit taken in a drinke the leaues and crops boyled in wine or water are good for the dropsie and obstructions of the liuer spleene and kidneyes some vse the stalkes of broome to tie their vines as also to make ropes and sackes of and that by ripening it in water as they doe hempe Spanish broome groweth also in drie places it must be remoued after the first yeare that it is sowne it is sowne in Februarie and remoued in March the next yere after the flowers in decoctions procure vomite after the manner of white hellebor the seed alone doth loosen the bellie and forceth downeward great store of water Furze grow in vntilled and sandie grounds the leaues boyled in water or wine do stay all manner of â—luxes The Cedar-tree is verie rare in these countries so that if you will haue it in your garden you must assigne it a well husbanded ground and lying open vpon the Sun notwithstanding the places where it is found most growing be cold and moist mountaines and full of snow if you doe well you must sow in pots of earth and cases or impaled places the small and exceeding little seed that commeth thereof The liquor thereof put into the hollow parts of the teeth doth stay their ach being anuointed it killeth the wormes and preserueth bodies from rotting The wood is verie pleasant to looke vpon and to smell vnto whereupon some vse it in steed of perfumes Saâ—in is planted as box and groweth much better if it be watered with Wine Lees or sprinkled with the dust of tile stones The leaues as well in decoction as in perâ—umes prouoke the termes and expell the after-birth and dead child they also cause to fall off the warts growing vpon a mans yard As concerning Iunipâ—r it affecteth the tops of mountaines and stonie ground for to grow well in and by how much it is the more â—ost of the winds and pinched with cold so much the fairer it groweth The fruit thereof is good for the stomach for weake and broken people and against all sorts of venime whether it be drunke or taken in a perfume as also against an
Oliues a long time must change his 〈…〉 euerâ—e quarter of a yeare As concerning Oliues to make Oyle of they must be gathered when they are somewhat more ripe than those which are to be preserued and when as there are manie of them become alreadie blacke but yet not so manie as are white in other respects they must be gathered in such manner as wee haue said that the others should be gathered that is to say with the hand and when it is faire weather except it be those Oliues which by tempests and winds haue beene blowne to the earth and such as must needs be gathered as well because of wild as â—ame and house beasts There must no moe be gathered at one time than may be made into Oyle that night and the day following for all the fruit that is gathered in a day must presently be put vpon the Milles and so into the Presses But before that they be put into the Presse they must first be spread vpon hurdles and picked and culled as likewise that their 〈◊〉 and waterish liquor may runne out a little and spend it selfe for it is a great enemie vnto the Oyle insomuch as that if it remaine abide and stand with the Oyle it spoyleth the tast and sauour of it And therefore in this respect when sometimes the quantitie of Oliues is so great as that there want Presses and workmen to dispatch them you must haue a high and well-raysed floore where you must prouide partitions to keepe asunder euerie daies gatherings and these partitions in the botâ—â—me must be paued with Stone or with Tyles or Squares made somewhat sloping that so the moistnesse of the Oliues may conuey it selfe along the channels which shall be there prouided And thus much concerning the preparing of Oliues to make Oyle of it remaineth now to speake of the making of Oyle but wee will reserue that for the end of the third Booke where we will make a large discourse of the making of Oyles Finally there is a verie astringent and binding facultie in the Oliue tree for the decoction of the leaues in a Clyster doth stay the flux of the bellie the iuice pressed from the leaues with white Wine and Raine water doth stay all manner of fluxes of bloud the liquor which droppeth from the greene wood of the Oliue tree when it is burning doth heale the Itch Ringwormes and Scabs Oliues yet greene and vnâ—ipe doe stirre vp and prouoke an appetite being eaten and cause a good stomacke but they make the bodie costiue and are hard of digestion Ripe Oliues doe ouerturne the stomacke and make boylings therein they cause also headach and hurt the eyes As concerning the vertues of Oyle wee will speake of them in his place See more of the Oliue-tree in the third Booke Pistates require as great toyle and diligence about them as the Oliue-tree and would be sowne about the first day of Aprill as well the male as the female both â—oyntly together or at the least one verie neere vnto the other the male hauing the backe turned to the West for being thus ioyned or neere neighbours one vnto the other they beare better and greater store of fruit especially if they be sowne in a faâ— ground and well ayred and there you may graft them at the same time vpon themselues or vpon the Turpentine tree notwithstanding that some doe graft them on the Almond tree They may in like manner be set of Plants and the manner of planting them is thus You must make Pits sufficient deepe in some place where the Sunne shiâ—eth verie hot and chuse new shoots of the tree which are in verie good liking and â—hese bound together put into the Pits the second day of the moneth of Aprill afterward bind them together from the earth vp to the boughes and couer the roots with good dung watering them continually for the space of eight daies And after the â—odie of the Tree is three yeares old you must lay open the Pit neere vnto the rootâ— â—nd set the bodie somewhat deeper in and then couer it againe with good dung to the end that when the Tree shall be growne great it may not be ouer-blowne with â—â—eat winds This Tree was rare and hard to be come by in this Countrey before the most reueâ—end Lords Cardinall du Bellay and Reue du Bellay Bishop of Mants brethren and 〈◊〉 worthie of eternall memorie for their incomparable knowledge alone and 〈◊〉 all other Frenchmen had brought into this Countrey the knowledge not onely of 〈◊〉 which were altogether vnknowne vnto vs but also the ordering and figureâ— of strange Hearbes and Trees the fruits whereof we are greatly in loue withall and doe highly commend notwithstanding that as yet we doe scarce know themselueâ— But surely herein this whole Nation is bound to acknowledge an euerlasting 〈◊〉 vnto them for the same The fruit of Pistates as Aâ—icenne saith verie well not sticking at the scruple and doubt which Galen casteth in the way doe comfort the stomack and nourish 〈…〉 and this is the cause why they are prescribed them which are leane and worne away with sicknesse and which desire to be strong and mightie in performing the act of Venerie Citron-trees Orange-trees Limon-trees and Citron-trees of Assyria require 〈◊〉 like manner of ordering by reason of their like nature whereunto in respect of 〈◊〉 great tendernesse and incredible daintinesse it is needfull to giue great heed 〈◊〉 otherwise there is no hope of reaping any profit or pleasure of them And for as 〈◊〉 as they are best dealt withall and found to prosper most when they are gotten 〈◊〉 growne great from some other place it being so difficult a thing and exceeding toyle to make them breake the earth and grow vpon the seeds in this Countrey I will make a briefe discourse concerning whatsoeuer is requisite for the 〈◊〉 planting remouing and gouerning of them in our Countrey and Grounds And therefore to speake in the first place of the manner of transporting of them 〈◊〉 must thinke that these Trees get no good by changing their place but that they would doe a great deale better in their naturall and natiue soyle and ground when they were first planted sowne or grafted than to be remoued else whither Notwithstanding if it please the Lord of the Farme to procure them from 〈…〉 must doe it in the Spring time rather than in Autumne because euen as in 〈◊〉 the wood thereof groweth hard and solide being ripe and for that the â—appe 〈◊〉 to comfort it with his warme moisture by reason of his approaching cold so iâ— the Spring time on the contrarie they begin to bud by and by after that they are 〈◊〉 and planted and bring forth leaues yea and flowers if the Plants be great and strong ynough The way to transport them is in such sort to â—it the rootes with â—lothes or 〈…〉 that you may bind therein vnto
there is no need of any other labour but keeping of it cleane from hurtfull weeds vntill such time as the said Madder be readie to be gathered in September for to take the seed of it The choyce of the roots which you intend to set and plant must be out of the countrie of high Prouence being more Easterly and coole and as for the sight and tast of them they must be more yellow thicke and stringed comming neere vnto the colour of the true Prouence Orange-tree verie bitter in tast and in seething for the triall of it more red and full of juice that is to say not so drie and withered The time to plant is from March be ended vnto mid-May and as for the best and most profit to be expected from it it is not to be attained or come by till after the two first yeares after the first planting of it and withall you must make a sure defence about your ground against the comming in of cattell for there can no greater hurt happen vnto it In Italie they vse not to take vp the roots of Madder till after they haue continued ten yeares in the ground either set or sowne but they cut the boughes of it euerie yeare to haue the seed and after they couer the roots one after another laying two fingers depth of earth vpon euerie one the measure bâ—ing â—â—ken from his chiefe and principall to the end the frost may not hurt them and that so the roots may grow the thicker after the eight or tenth yeare they pull vp the roots drying them in the Sunne and afterward when they would grind or presse them they doe further drie them in a great Ouen made for the purpose and so presse them vnder a Mill-stone and this is called the fine Madder Thus they haue found by expâ—â—ence that looke how much the longer they delay the gathering of the root so much the more Madder haue they euerie yeare and that fine which is more than if they should take vp the roots euerie yeare You may both sow it and plant it in the samâ— place where you haue taken it vp or which is better sow that place for the nexâ— two or three yeares following with wheat because it will beare verie faire and great store thereof in as much as the field wherein Madder hath beene sowne is â—ade much fairer and better thereby as whereof it may be said this ground hath rested it selfe seeing the root hath done nothing but brought forth boughs for seed and that the leaues falling from them doe as much feed the ground as the ground doth the roots and boughes But Autumne being come and when you see that the hearbe beginneth to lookâ— yellow and to loose his naturall colour you shall draw it out or pull it vp with the spade or pickaxe and shall strip the roots from their leaues which you shall cast vpon small heapes to drie for the space of three or foure daies if the weather be such as it should or else sixe or eight daies in a rainie and moist weather then you shal cauâ—â— them to be taken vp dusted and scraped that so they may haue none of their haiâ—ie strings at them and when they are thus made cleane you shall keepe them whole or ground into powder either grosse and great or more fine and small either for your owne vse or for the sale Madder is in this one thing much to be maruelled at in that it colourâ—â—h his vrine that shall but hold it in his hands and which is more it maketh the bones and flesh of those cattell red which haue beene fed with it some certaine time some say that the powder of it is so penetratiue and so taketh vp the nosâ—hrills as that it inâ—â—nimeth and killeth many in a few yeares The decoction procureth vâ—ine and thâ— termes of women and coloureth egges red that shall be boyled with it The 〈◊〉 because they are rough and stiffe are good to scowre brasse vessell CHAP. LVI Of Woad AS concerning Woad it is tilled in a field and requireth much labour 〈◊〉 as the Nauets or Turneps though there be no part of it in request but the vppermost and that which is furthest off from flowers and stalkes it doth not feare frost raine or extraordinarie cold Indeed it doth not craue any long rested fat ground but a strong ground and such as may be said to be in good plight rather than an indifferent and light it groweth better also in groundâ— which haue layed fallow three or foure yeares before or which haue beene Medoâ—ground two yeares before than in grounds which haue beene well tilled which 〈◊〉 cleane contrarie vnto Madder which craueth as much helpe as the ground oppointed for wheat or vines yea and it craueth the rest of soyle and set from one yeare to one for otherwise the roots when they are set doe degenerate oftentimes and miâ—â—â—rie loosing their force and goodnesse And whereas Madder doth fat the groâ—â—d Woad doth make it leane and therefore it must not be sowne in a leane groâ—â—d where it euermore groweth but little and where it proueth almost nothing woâ—â—â— but rather in a ground that is well manured before it be sowne as also renewed wiâ—â— dung when it is to be sowne But the best approued ground of all other to sow woad in is that which hath laine long swarth and hath seldome beene broken vp 〈◊〉 wherein you are to obserue that in the ploughing vp of such grounds you must turne vp a great and a deepe furrow laying them broad and flat 〈…〉 that the seed may be throughly well couered and that the swatth rotting vnderneath and above the same may be as a warme and comfortable meanure to make it flourish and increase Being sowne of seed it must be diligently harrowed to the end it may be wel couered and incorporate with the earth and when the planes haue put forth their leaues the height of two fingers you must weed and digge it about mid-Aprill or somewhat later according as the time hath beene faire or rainie then shortly afterward you must gather the leaues and they being gathâ—red you must weed and diggâ— the feet of the said roots 〈◊〉 left voyd of their leaues and this must be continued â—uerie moneth that is to say Iune Iulie August and Sepâ—â—mber in such sort that 〈◊〉 as the leaues are gathered from foot to foot fiue times so they must be digged 〈◊〉 the earth cast as oft and that so soone as the gathering of the leaues is past and this labour of digging is ordinarily to be seuen â—â—mes gone ouer that is to say the fiâ—e times now spoken of and the two first which are before any gathering of the leaues doe fall The manner of gathering them is in this soâ—t When the leaues begin to be coloured about the edges and not in the middest you must take them from plant to plant in your hand and breake them off in such manner from the
must steepe Sal-ammoniack and Wheat together 〈◊〉 sow them neere the place where the Weazles haunt for by this they will 〈…〉 killed or caused to run away if they eat it Some say that if you catch a 〈◊〉 cut off her taile and cods and let her goe againe aliue that afterward there will be 〈◊〉 moe 〈◊〉 in that place Ants will she away if you burne those which you take or if you annoint the 〈◊〉 of the tree which they vse with oxe-gall or with the deâ—â—ction of Lupines or 〈◊〉 if you burne in the garden wild cucumber or if one clay ouer with white or red 〈◊〉 the tree where they are or if there be put at the mouth of their hole some 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 stone together You shall kill wormes if you perfume their holes with the smoake of oxt 〈◊〉 if you water them with pure lee You shall make them come out of the ground if 〈◊〉 water the place with the decoction of the leaues and seed of hempe or if you 〈◊〉 in the ground where you see great store of wormes it is true also that you shall rid your ground of them if you â—are your ground during the time of great heat 〈◊〉 then you shall â—ind them in great numbers vpon the face and vppermost part of 〈◊〉 earth and so you may gather them into bowles to giue them to your 〈◊〉 which thereby will become fat and lay great store of egges You shall kill snailes if you sprinkle them with the new lâ—â—s of oyle or with the foot of the chimney Grashoppers will doe no great hurt vnto hearbes if they be vvatered with 〈◊〉 vvherein Worâ—ewood or Leâ—kes or Centaurie hath beene stamped 〈◊〉 kill them you must boyle bitter lupines or wild cucumbers in salt brine and 〈…〉 therewith or else burne a great sort of Grashoppers in the place from 〈◊〉 would driue them for the smell of the smoke doth kill them but and if you 〈…〉 them altogether out of your gardens you must hang vp some Bats vpon yoâ—â— highest trees You shall driue away field-Rats if you cast in the canicular or dogge 〈…〉 of hemlocke into their holes together with hellebor and barly meale or 〈◊〉 you shut the mouthes of their holes with Bay-tree-leaues to the end that when they would come forth they may be forced to take those leaues in their teeth and so by the onely touching of them they are killed Or if you mingle amongst their meat such as you know them to be delighted in quicke siluer tinne or burnt lead blacke hellebor or the 〈◊〉 of yron or if you make a perfume of the bodies of their kinds or if you boyle beanes in any poysoned water so lay the said beanes at the mouthes of their holes which vpon the smell thereof will quickly run vnto them You shall also kill Rats and Mice with paste made of honie coperas and stamped glasse mixt together and layed in places where they haunt most Moules will neuer cast in those gardens where the hearbe called Palma Christi doth grow either of it owne accord or purposely sowne likewise you shall either kill them or driue them away if you lay at their holes mouthes a Walnut filled with chaffe brimstone and perrosin and there set it on fire for by the smoake that will come of this nut the Moules will be killed or else run away or if you lay in diuers furrows about the garden a small ball of hemp-seed it will be a let to keepe that there come not any into those grounds out of other and withall will driue away those which are there alreadie There are three waies to take them the first is to stand as it were vpon your watch about Sunne rise neere vnto the place where they haue lately cast vp the earth for this is ordinarily the verie houre that they cast in according to their custome and thus may you throw them verie easily out of their holes with a picâ—axe or spade The second way is by causing water to run into the hole where they haue newly digged for when as they once feele the water they will not stay to 〈◊〉 forth and saue themselues vpon some greene turffe or other and there you may â—â—ther take them aliue or kill them The third way Take a liue one in March when they are a bucking and put the same into a verie deepe and hollow bason at night afâ—â—er Sunne set burie the said bason in the earth vp to the brims that so the Moules 〈◊〉 easily tumble into it when they heare the captiue crie in the night time for all such as shall heare her and this kind of cattell is of a verie light hearing comming â—â—eere to their food they will into the bason one after another and by how many moe goe in by so much will they make the greater noyse not being able to get out againe â—â—ecause the bason within is smooth â—leeke and slipperie Some lay garleeke about â—heir holes or onions or leekes and these make such a smell as that they either driue â—hem away or kill them All maner of Serpents are driuen away with the perfume of Galbanum or of hartsâ—â—rne or of the root of lillies or of the horne of a goats claw or of hyssope or brimâ—â—â—â— or pellitorie or an old shooe-sole It is good also to plant in some part of the â—ardens an Elder-tree or an Ash-tree for the flowres of the Elder-trees by their â—â—inking smell doe driue away Serpents and the shade of the ashe doth kill them 〈◊〉 like sort it fareth with the pomegranat-tree whose shade as we haue said before â—â—riueth away Serpents It is good likewise to plant some one or other bough of ferne 〈◊〉 the garden because the onely smell thereof doth driue them away You shall driue away scorpions if you burne some of them in the place whence 〈◊〉 would banish them or if you make a perfume of verjuice mixt with Galbanum 〈◊〉 the fat of a goat or if you plant in your garden some little Nut-tree The perfume of Iuie will cause the Reremouse to abstaine flying in your garden Frogges will hold their peace and not crie any more if you set a lanterne with a 〈◊〉 light vpon the side of the water or riuer which compasseth the garden If you 〈◊〉 in any corner of your garden the gall of a goat all the frogges will gather 〈◊〉 and so you may easily kill them CHAP. LXI Of the Honie-Bee the profit rising thereof and of chusing a place to set them in BVt if the greatest part of the profit of a farme depend and hang of 〈◊〉 keeping of cattell I dare be bold to affirme that the 〈◊〉 thing that can be kept about a Countrie-house is Bees Indeed 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 paâ—tâ—es and care to be taken in chusing gathering together holding 〈◊〉 watching and keeping of them cleane in their hiues but withall 〈…〉 great rare and singular a
make it purge and boyle vp and withall they hang in the vessell a nodule or knot full of 〈◊〉 pepper ginger graines of paradise and cloues also they cast into the vessell a handfull of Elder-tree-flowres they set the vessell in the Sunne in Summer time for the space of fortie daies or in Winter they set it in some caue vnder the ground This kind of honied water is verie soâ—â—â—aigne against 〈◊〉 agues 〈◊〉 dispositions of the bodie diseases of the braine as the falling sicknesse apoplexie and palsie in which cases wine is forbidden The countrie men of Prouence and the Italians doâ— make marchpaines of honie and almonds after this manner Take white honie three pound and three whites of egges beat all together with a woodden pestill in a bason till it grow vnto the colour of milke afterward see the bason vpon a fire of coales stirring all together very carefully with the pestill till such time as it become somewhat thicke then put thereto sweet almonds stamped and fried such quantitie as shall be needfull for the making of it of some good consistence being yet hot powre it our vpon some marble or polished table make vp your marchpaine thereof and it will be singular good for them to eat which are in a consumption as also to procure spitting CHAP. LXXI Of the markes of good Waxe and the manner of preparing diuers sorts of Waxe GOod Waxe must be of a verie yellow colour smelling sweet far light pure 〈◊〉 close neat and purified from all filth It is the ground of other Waxes called artificiall as being by art made into diuers colours as blacke red greene and white Waxe Blacke Waxe is made with ashes of burnt paper greene by putting 〈◊〉 vnto it red by putting the root of Alkanet vnto common Wax or the powder of Cinnabrium but white Waxe is made many waies but for the most part after this sort and manner Melt Waxe in some vessell â—it for the purpose afterward 〈◊〉 it from all manner of superfluities through a strainer being thus strained 〈…〉 a soft coale fire in a great skellet or vessell of copper to keepe it liquid and in 〈◊〉 close thereby you shall haue one or two great barrells made after the manner of 〈◊〉 â—ubs full of water newly drawne out of the well in which you shall wet 〈…〉 that are round flat and halfe finger thicke fashioned like round coueâ— or 〈◊〉 of pots and in the middest they shall be made fast to a little sticke or woodden 〈◊〉 manner of a graspe by which one may handle them you shall dip the same 〈◊〉 well wet in water in the vessell where the Waxe shall be melted and pâ—eâ—â—â—ly after you shall pull them out full of Waxe and put them in the water â—ubs where the 〈◊〉 will abide that shall haue cleaued vnto them you shall gather this wax together and spread euerie peece by it selfe vpon hurdles couered with linnen cloth in the 〈◊〉 heat of the Sunne in the moneth of Iulie and vpon these you shall leaue it till it become white In the meane time while it shall thus lie in the Sunne if it happen 〈◊〉 the heat of the Sunne be so vehement that it melteâ—h the wax so spâ—ed vpon the hurdles you must water and sprinkle it often with coole water by the same meaâ—â— also defend it from the Bees which will flie thither from all corners to 〈◊〉 out the honie Otherwise boyle the wax in water so oâ—t as vntill that you see it 〈…〉 it this manner of whitening wax is not so sure nor of so easie charges as the 〈◊〉 for the often melting of the Wax doth wast it verie much but the drying of it in the Sunne bringeth no great losse as you shall best find after proofe and triall made To make â—earing candle Take two pound of new Wax a pound of good 〈◊〉 and a quarter of a pound of turpentine mixe them and make searing Wax The end of the second Booke THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE COVNTRIE FARME The Orchard or Greene plot CHAP. I. Of the differences of Orchards or Greene plots and the inclosing of the Fruit-Garden THere are three sorts of Orchards or Greene plots the one otherwise called an Arbour contriued with great bankes and this is pointed out and prouided in a field couered with green grasse and a fountaine in the middest of it and wrought-into dâ—uers plaine and euen plots and braunches consisting of loâ—ts which are sustained and borne vp with carpentrie or frames of timber vnder which a great number of people may sit couered ouer head Of this sort I haue seene at Basill and 〈◊〉 other places in Germanie and to â—it a place for this manner of greene plot it 〈◊〉 requisite that it be cleansed from all manner of stones and weeds not so much as 〈◊〉 roots left vndestroyed and for the better accomplishing hereof there must boyâ—â—ng water be powred vpon such ends of roots as sâ—aying behind in the ground canâ—â—ot be well pulled vp and afterward the floore must be beaten and troden downe 〈◊〉 â—ightily then after this there must be cast great quantity and store of turfes of earth 〈◊〉 of greene graâ—â—e the bare earthie part of them being turned and laied vpward 〈◊〉 afterward daunced vpon with the feet and the beater or pauing-beetle lightly 〈◊〉 ouer them in such sort as that within a short time after the graâ—â—e may begin 〈◊〉 peepe vp and put forth like small haires and finally it is made the sporting green 〈◊〉 for Ladies and Gentlewomen to recreate their spirits in or a place whereinto â—â—hey may withdraw themselues if they would be solitarie and out of â—ight The second sort of greene plots is that which our auncient Frenchmen who first â—â—rote our Romane discourses and histories haue taken and vsed for a place of 〈◊〉 for Princes and was called in aâ—ncient time after the manner of a sojouâ—â—ing 〈◊〉 abiding place but now by the name of a beautifull prospect Which beside the â—â—ately building singularly contriued in partitions diuersitie of workes and most â—â—aire windows compassed in with goodly water ditches â—ed from continuall runâ—â—ng Springs doth containe an â—â—ner and base Court with gardens for pleasure and fruits with vnderwoods warrens fishponds and whatsoeuer goodly and beautifull thing is wont to stand about princely palaces The third sort of greene plots is that which we intend to trim vp in this place and it may supplie the place of the fruit garden for a house respecting and looking to thrift and to keepe a houshold for husbandrie such a one as we haue here 〈◊〉 to furnish and set out euerie way well appointed and in which vve are 〈◊〉 to regard profit joyned with a meane and moderate beautie and coâ—â—â—nesse than any vnnecessarie â—umptuousnesse Therefore to goe on in our designed course and intended plot this place requireâ—h that next after the kitchin and flower gardens with their appurtenâ—â—â—â—
for thereby is hindered the growing of the graft vnto the parts which are vnder the barke I adde yet further that as men and women which are verie fat doe not beget or beare children because that spending the greatest part of their nourishment in the grosâ—enesse of their bodie they leaue no profitable superfluirie to make seed of in like sort trees which drop Pitch and Rosin spending all their substance and nourishment about the making of themselues great and thick they accordingly grow tall and thicke but they beare no fruit at all or else but a verie little and that late in the yeare before it come to his full ripenesse wherefore it is no 〈◊〉 for a stranger not to be able to liue there where the home-bred is scarce able to feed and maintaine himselfe Trees that haue a verie hard and solide wood as Box and such other or which haue a verie tender barke are not fit for grafting for the one by reason of their great tendernesse cannot hold the graft fast and close ynough 〈◊〉 the other through their great hardnesse doe wring and choake the same It is good to graft about the beginning of December or somewhat later 〈…〉 Ianuarie according as the weather is enclining vnto coldnesse or otherwise especially Hart-Cherrie-trees Peare-trees and such as beare early fruit As for Apple 〈◊〉 and Medlar-trees it is better to stay till from the end of Ianuarie vnto the beginning of March at such time as they begin to bud for they are not so forward as the other And at the same time also it will be good to graft the thicke-growne young 〈◊〉 betwixt the barke and the wood with late grafts or such as haue beene 〈◊〉 â—o the ground All moneths are good and â—it to graft in whether it be by graft 〈…〉 moneths of October and Nouember excepted but the graft is commonly 〈◊〉 in Winter as hath beene said at such time as the sappe riseth vp into the 〈…〉 they begin to bud for then the grafts doe grow and take a great deale 〈…〉 may graft likewise in Aprill and May if the graâ—â—s be full of little eyeleâ—s and that they haue beene kept buried and their tops out of the ground in cold and 〈◊〉 places It is true that the time of grafting must be measured and iudged of according to the countrey and qualitie of the Region for in a cold Countrey it must be later and earlier in a hot notwithstanding to speake generally of all 〈◊〉 the fittest time to graft is from the first day of Februarie vnto the first 〈…〉 May taking regard to the nature of the plants for such as haue most iuice 〈…〉 grafted and those later which are the drier the Pomegranate and 〈…〉 which alâ—hough they be drie will notwithstanding be grafted 〈…〉 in the yeare It is certaiâ—e that grafts must be gathered in the decrease of the Moone to be grafted at the same time of the old of the Moone or else in the new or when you shall thinke good alwaies foreseene that the grafts be gathered in the old of the Moone euen all the grafts that may be It is true that the graft and the bud doe take better in the new than in the old of the Moone for the Moone is the 〈◊〉 of sappes as of all other iuices marrowes and humours or moist things which sappes runne betwixt the plant and the graft and bind the one to the other being of more force and power in the new of the Moone than in the old by the like reason there is a precept to be obserued and kept in the matter of grafting forbidding to graft the wind blowing at South because such winds are sharpe and drying On the 〈◊〉 shoots must be cut in the end of the Moone if so be you will haue them to bring forth much more fruit for being cut at this time they haue their sappe drunk◠〈◊〉 with setled abode and by being notched onely they do not spend themselâ—â—â— so much as when they be cut off their sap then being in his full course and 〈◊〉 Notwithstanding we trie it daily by experience that the gathering and grafting of grafts may be done at any time of the Moone as we will declare hereafter Some hold them for the best daies to graft in which are the next three or fourâ— daies before and after the increase of the new Moone but their reason taken from the sap binding and ioyning together of the grafts with the plants and from the dominion and rule of the Moone ouer the said saps doth shut out the first part of that opinion it being certaine and true that the weaker the Moone is so much the 〈◊〉 also are those inferior bodies which she hath power and gouernment of To graft vpon the wild stocke hath more hold and is more durable than that which is 〈◊〉 vpon the reclaimed tree but the fruit of the reclaimed tree is of a better taste as likewise the fruit of the graft will be which is grafted vpon a tree which blossometh and flowreth at the same time and hath a liuing and moist barke and the reason thereof is verie apparant It is vsed to graft in the barke from mid-August vnto the beginning of Winter and also at such time as the Westerne wind beginneth to blow being from the seuenth day of Februarie vnto the eleuenth of Iune but there must care be had not 〈◊〉 graft in the barke in a rainie season because it would wash away the matter of ioyning together of the one to the other and so hinder it It is vsuall to graft in the bud in the Summer time from about the end of May vntill August as being the time when the trees are strong and lustie and full of sappe and leaues as in Iune and Iuly that is to say in a hot Countrey from the middest of Iune vnto the middest of Iuly but in cold Countries vnto the middest of August after some small showers of rane And if the Summer be so exceedingly drie as that some trees doe detaine and keepe backe their sappe then you must wait till that it be returned and then to graft thereupon so soone as the grafts are gathered without hauing anie regard either vnto the new Moone or to the old whether it be in grafting in the stocke or vnto the stocke It is true that is spoken that we can neuer haue hope of much fruit by grafting in the new of the Moone but in the old beginning the first day of the full of the Moone You may graft in the Cleft without hauing regard vnto raine when the time is good and coole as from mid August vnto the beginning of Nouember for the cap and warming stuffe which is laid vnto those grafts doe put away the wast and spoyle which the raine and blasting would otherwise bring vpon them It must likewise be considered whether the tree vse to beare timely fruit or not and so to fit it with a graft of
the space of two or three houres vvhen the oyle hath boyled and wasted one part of the moisture that was in it it will be conuenient to straine it through a strong strayner and thicke linnen cloth and after to put into it new Roses againe doing as you did before and that for three seuerall times in the end after it hath beene strayned some put into it as much water of the infusion or other Roses infused in water as there is Oyle then you shall set it in the Sunne for the space of fortie dayes which infusion may be seuered from the oyle afterward as the water wherewith the oyle was vvashed Notwithstanding it may be sufficient to take the infusion of the Roses in oyle onely vvithout the putting of other vvater in the infusion Some mingle now and then in the decoction of Roses a little vvine or juice of fresh Roses to keepe the oyle from burning or that in boyling it should not get any loathsome smell You must further note that some prepare and make two sorts of oyle of Roses one oyle of ripe oliues and roses all opened and spred vvhich are the better if they be red the other oyle it made of roses being yet in the bâ—d with the oyle of greene and vnripe oliues or if you haue not any of this oyle Omphacine you shall make it with common oyle and verjuice boyled together to the consumption of the juice This is more cooling astringent and repercussiue the other more digestiue dicussiue and anodine or assuaging of paynes Some there are which sometimes make this oyle or Roses without oyle of oliues putting red carnation or muske roses to putrifie in a vessell set in dung for one whole moneth being close couered And this kind of oyle is verie fragrant and sweet This manner of making of oyles may be followed in the compounding of oyles either cold or temperate and simple such as are the oyle of violets cammomile meliâ—â—te yellow or red violets of the leaues and flowers of dill lillies the yellow taken away of corneflag flowers of elder tree flowers white mulleine flowers jesamine flowers poppie flowers or of the leaues and heads of poppie of lettuse leaues and white water lillie flowers to the compounding of which oyles you must note that for want of oyle of greene oliues you may take the oyle of sweet almonds newly drawn or of â—â—â—berds if it haue beene first washt Oyle of Quinces Take whole Quinces with the rindes when they are verie ripe but cast away their kernells then stampe them and infuse them in oyle Omphatine in the Sunne fiue dayes or else in oyle washed as vve haue said before afterward boyle them with equall portion of the juice of Quinces in double vessell the space of foure houres renew the flesh and juice of Quinces three or foure times the old being made away set them in the Sunne againe and boyle them afterward strayne all and keepe it in a vessell for your vse you shall draw greater store of the juice of your Quinces if you crush them well and bruise them rather than if you cut them in peecâ—s Oyle of Masticke you must take oyle of Roses or oyle Omphacine or of Quinces three pound of good wine eight ounces of masticke powdred and put vnto the rest toward the end for it will not endure much boyling three ounces boyle them alltogether to the consumption of the vvine in stirring it oft to the end that the masticke may be melted and mixt with the oyle Oyle of the flowers of the Elder-tree Fill a glasse bottle full of vvashed oyle or oyle Omphacine put therein a sufficient quantitie of Elder-tree flowers set the bottle in the hot Sunne sixe dayes after that presse them out and put in others new continue this all the time of Sommer vvhiles the flowers of Elder-tree are in force this oyle is singular to comfort the sinews assuage the paine of the ioynts and to cleanse the skinne Oyle of S. Iohns-wort Infuse for three dayes the crops of S. Iohns-wort in verie fragrant Wine after that boyle all in a soft and gentle sort in Maries-bath and after this some small space strayne them out lightly infuse againe in the same Wine as many dayes as nights the like quantitie of the tops of S. Iohns-wort boyle them and straine them as before afterward put vnto the liquor of Venice-Turpentinâ— three ounces of old oyle sixe ounces of saffron a scruple mixe them and in the said Maries-bath boyle them vnto the consumption of the Wine you shall keepe that which remaineth in a glasse or lead vessell for to vse as hot as you can applie it in maligne vlcers especially those of the sinewes and in the leane and cold parts in the prickes of the sinews paine of the teeth conâ—ulsions tumours and distillations Some doe make this oyle after the simplest and singlest sort making onely the flowers of Hypericum vvhich they infuse all the Sommer in washt oyle in a glasse vessell and setting it in the hot Sunne keepe it Oyle of Rhue Take the leaues of Rhue somewhat dried because they are subject to a superâ—lous kind of moisture set them to infuse in oyle a whole Sommer Or better change and renew them euerie eight dayes strayning and pressing them out at euerie change Sommer being gone boyle them not but straine presse out and keepe them in a vessell after this manner are made the oyles of the Myrtle-tree Wormewood Marierom Southernwood Thyme Cammomile and such like vnto which there is sometimes added the like quantitie of juice or flowers or leaues mingled with oyle â—nd so they are set in the Sunne Oyle of Spike Take true Spike or for want of it lauander to the quantitie of three ounces of marierom and baye-tree leaues two ounces of the rooâ—s of Cypres Elicampaine and Zyloaloâ—â— of each an ounce and a halfe of nuâ—megs three ounces infuse euerie thing by it selfe in an equall quantitie of Wine and vvater the infusion accomplished boyle the whole together in a sufficient quantitie of oyle in a double vessell the space of foure or fiue houres this done strayne it all and keep the oyle for your vse that is to say for the cold ach of the stomacke reines bellie matrix and other parts Oyle of Foxes Take a liue Fox of a middle age of a full bodie well fed and fâ—â— such as Foxes be after vintage kill him bowell him and skinne him some take not out his bowells but onely the excrements in his guts because his guts haue much grease about them breake his bones small that so you may haue all their â—â—rrow this done set him a boyling in salt brine salt water and sea vvater of each a pine and a halfe of oyle three pints of salt three ounces in the end of the decoction put thereto the leaues of sage rosemarie dill organie marierom and Iuniper-berries after that he shall be roâ—ten sodden
and therefore I vvill wade a little further in this art and shew you the maner of taking of all sorts of fish by the angle which is the most generous and best kind of all other and may truely be called the Emperor of all exercises To speake them first of this art of angling or taking of fish with the angle you shall vnderstand that it consisteth in three especiall things that is to say in the instrument which is the angle in the intisement vvhich is the bait and in the true vse of them both together vvhich is the seasons and times of the yeare fittest for the sport To speake then first of the angle-rod it must be generally of two peeces but particularly as for the pike or other greater fish it may be made of one entire peece the substance of the stock would be a vvel grown ground Wiâ—châ—n an elme or an Ewe or a hasel and the top would be of hasel or Whale-boneâ—some anglers vse to compound their rods of many peeces as those which are made of cane wherein one joynt is applied into another but they are more for pleasure than any generall profit To these rods doe belong lines made of the strongest and longest horse-haire which can be got nor are thâ—y to be gotten of leane poore and diseased jâ—des but such as are faire fat and in â—ul strength and if conueniently you can it is best euer to gather them from stoned horses and not from mares or geldings of haire the blacke is the vvorst the vvhite and gray best and other colours indifferent your smallest lines vvould consist of three haires and your bigger of seuen if amongst your haire you mixe a silke-threed or two the line vvill be the better and stronger you shall twist your haires neither too hard nor too soft but hold a mediocritie so as they may twine and couch close together and the ends you shall fasten together vvith a fishers-knot vvhich is your ordinarie fast knot foulded foure or fiue times abouâ— both vnder and aboue to make it from loosening in the vvater for the length of your lines they must answer to the places in which you angle some being foure fadome some sixe and some more according to the length of your rod or the depth of the vvater your lines though their naturall colours as being vvhite or gray is not amisse vvould yet sometimes be coloured of other colours according to the seasons of the yeare for so the shadow of them vvhich is most daungerous will least scarre the fish and soonest inâ—ice them to bite and of these colours the Water-greenâ— is the best yellow next then russet darke browne or tawnie To die your lines of a Water-greene you shall take a pottle of Allome-vvater and put thereinto a handfull of Marigolds and let them boyle vvell till a yellow 〈◊〉 rise on the top of the vvater then take the quantitie of halfe a pound of greene coperas and as much of Verdigreaâ—e beaten to fine powder and put it vvith the haire into the vvater and so let it boyle againe a little space and then set it in some 〈◊〉 to coole for the space of halfe a day then take â—ut your haire and lay it vvhere it may drie This colour of Water-greene is good to angle with in all clayie vvaters from the Spring till the beginning of Winter If you vvill haue your haires yellow you shall take Allome-water as beforesaid and Marigolds and boyle them therein adding thereto a handfull of turmerick or for want thereof so much of green Walnut-leaues and mixing it with the vvater steepe your haires therein a day and a night then take them from them and drie them these yellow coloured lines are good also to angle with in cleare water if they be full of weeds â—edge and other water flowers for it is not vnlike to the stalkes thereof and the time best from Michaelmas till Christmas To make your lines russet you shall take a quart of Allome water and as much strong lee then put thereunto a handfull of soot and as much Browne of Spaine then when it hath boyled well an houre or two set it by to coole and being cooled steepe the haires therein a full day and a night and then lay the haires to dry This colour is good to angle within deepe waters whether they be riuers or standing pooles and are best to be vsed from Christmas till after Easter But if you will haue them of a darke browne colour then you shall take a pound of Vmber and halfe so much soot and seeth it in a pottle of Ale a good space then being coole steepe your haires therein the space of foure and twentie houres and then hang them vp to drie and if the colour be not darke ynough you may adde a little more of the Vmber and it will darken it These lines are best to angle with in blacke and muddie waters whether they be standing pooles or running streames and will endure all seasons of the yeare Lastly to make your lines of a â—awnie colour you shall take lime and water and mixe it together and steepe your haires therein halfe a day then take them forth and steepe them double so long time in Tanners ouze and then hang them vp to dry These lines are best to angle with in 〈◊〉 and heathie waters which are of a reddish or browne colour and wil serue for that purpose all the seasons of the yeare Now if with this colour or the greene you mix a siluer thred it wil not be amisse and with anie of the other colours a gold thred they will be much better to angle withall Also you must remember to make at each end of your lines good bigge loopes the one to fasten to the top of your rod the other to the hooke-line which commonly is not â—boue a foot long at the most To these lines there doth also belong Corkes or Floats which you shall make in this manner Take of the best and thickest Corke you can get and with a fine rape â—â—â—ing pared it cleane cut it into the fashion of a Peare bigge and round at the one end and small and sharpe at the other euer obseruing according to the bignesse of your line to make the bignesse of your corke as for a line of three haires a corke of an ynch or little more long and to the bigger lines bigger corks through this corke you shall thrust a quill and through the quill the line The corke serueth onely to let you know when the fish biteth therefore the lesse it is the better it is for it onely giues the lesse shadow prouided that it be euer in your eye for though some Anglers will fish without corkes yet it is not so good nor so certaine In placing your corke vpon your line you must put the small end downeward and the bigge end to the topward Now there be some Anglers which make their corkes of the fashion of
the cakes which liquorish women vse to make of the meale It must not be sowne but in the midst of Summer whiles the times continue drie and that there is no raine looked for of a long time for the raine doth hurt it after it is sowne cleane contrarie to other plants which all of them reioice in raine after they are sowne The oyle which is pressed out of the seed of Sesame doth neuer freeze and is the lightest of all other Oyles and yet being mixt with Wine or Aqua-vitae sinketh to the bottome There is no account to be made of this graine for nourishment because it is giuen to ouercome the stomacke and is hardly digested as is all oylie matter Lentils LEntils must be sowne at two times in Autumne and most commonly especially in France and cold Countries in the Spring time whiles the Moone encreaseth vnto the twelfth thereof and either in a small or little mould or in a fat and fertile ground for when they be in flower they destroy and spoyle themselues through too much moisture or by putting too farre out of the earth And to the end they may grow the more speedily and the greater they must be mixt with drie dung before they be sowne and foure or fiue daies after that they haue beene so laid to rest in this dung to sowe them They will keepe long and continue if they be mingled with ashes or if they be put in pots wherein oyle and preserues haue beene kept or and if they be sprinkled with vineger mixt with Beniouin Lentils howsoeuer auncient Philosophers had them in estimation are of hard digestion hurtfull to the stomacke filling the guts full of wind darkening the sight and causing fearefull dreames and withall are nothing good if they be not boyled with flesh or fried with oyle Fasels FAsels grow in stubbly grounds or rather a great deale better in fat grounds which are tilled and sowne euerie yeare and they are to be sowne betwixt the tenth of October and the first of Nouember or else in March as other pulâ—e after that the ground hath beene eared about the eleuenth of Nouember They must be sowne after that they haue beene steept in water for to make them grow the mose easily and that at large when they are sowne and alwaies as they ripen to gather them They make far grounds where they be sowne they are accustomed to beare much fruit they keepe a long time they swell and grow greater in boyling and are of a good pleasant tast vnto all mâ—ns mouthes It is true that they are windie and hard to digest but yet notwithstanding they are apt to prouoke vnto venerie if after they be boyled they be powdred ouer with Pepper Galanga and Sugar and yet more specially if they be boyled in fat milke vntill they burst If you mind to take away their windinesse eat them with Mustard or Caraway seed If you haue beene bitten of a Horse take Fasels chew them and apply them so chewed vnto the greene wound Young gentlewomen that striue to be beautifull may distill a water of Fasels that is singular good for the same end and purpose Lupines LVpines craue no great husbandrie are good cheape and doe more good to the ground than anie other seed for when as Vineyards and arable grounds are become leane they stand in stead of verie good manure vnto them Likewise for want of dung they may be sowne in grounds that stand in need to be dunged if after they haue put forth their flowers the second time they be plowed vnder the ground they grow well in a leane ground and such as is tyred and worne out with sowing and they may be sowne in anie ground especially in stubbly grounds such as are not tilled for in what sort soeuer they be sowne they will abide the roughnesse of the ground and negligence of the husbandman neither doe they craue anie weeding as well in respect of their root which is single as also for that if it were hurt they would die presently and because also that it should bee but labour lost for they are so farre off from being infected and wronged with weeds that they euen kill them and cause them to die And this is the cause why manie sowe them in the middest of Vineyards to the end they may draw vnto them all the bitternesse of the Vineyard as being the qualitie most familiar vnto them and with which they best agree Notwithstanding they may not be sowne deepe for when they flower they are made no account of Of all other kinds of Pulse they only stand not in need to be laid vp in Garners but rather vpon some floore where the smoake may comâ— vnto them for if moisture take them they will grow full of wormes which eate vp that which should make them sprout and that which is remaining can doe no good they must be gathered after raine for if it should be drie weather they would fall out of their cods and be lost Lupines are good to feed Oxen in Winter but they must be steept in salted and riuer water and afterward boyled they serue also for to feed men to make bread thereof when it is a time of dearth of other corne Some doe note this speciall propertie in them which is that they turne about euerie day with the Sunne insomuch as that by them workmen are taught the time of the day though it be not cleare and Sunne-shine Lupines stampt and laid vpon the nauell doâ— kill wormes in little children the decoction thereof doth prouoke the termes of women and taketh away the obstructions of the sight by reason whereof manie doe wish them to be taken of young maidens and women which haue pale colours Their meale is singular good in caâ—aplasmes to resolue the swelling of the Kings euill and other hard tumours as well boyled in honey and vineger as in honey and water and likewise for the Sciaâ—ica Beanes BEanes must be sowne in a fat soile or else a ground that is well manured and eared with two earings and although it be in stubbly grounds and seated in low bottomes vvhither all the fat and substance of the higher parts doth descend notwithstanding the earth must be â—liâ—ed and cut small and the clods broken before they be sowne for albeit that amongst all the other sorts of pulse there be not any that doe so little vvaste and the strength and juice of the earth notwithstanding they desire to be vvell and deepe couered vvithin the earth they must be diligently vveeded at such time as they peepe out of the earth for so the fruit vvill be much more and their coddes farre the tenderer They may be sowne at two times of the yeare in Autumne vvhere it is a strong ground and the beanes be great and in the Spring especially in this Countrie in a vveake and light ground the beanes being but small and of the common size those vvhich are sowne in Autumne are
whose mould is driest loosest blackest and quickliest ripe with little earing as namely with two ardors at the most which vvould be in October the first and the last in March which is the best and most conuenient time for sowing Hempe must bee exceedingly well harrowed and clotted and the mould must bee made as small as dust for the seed is verie tender at the first sprouting but being once gotten aboue the earth it ouâ—groweth all other weeds whatsoeuer and out of its owne nature it doth choake and destroy them whence it comes that hempe neuer needeth any weeding it must bee diligently and carefully kept and tended after the first 〈…〉 appeare aboue the earth from birds for the seede is so sweet and so much desired of all small birds that without great and diligent care they will not leaue you any in the earth Now for the best time of gathering your hempe it is acording to the common custome of house-wiues about Saint Margarets day being towards the latter end of Iuly But more particularly you shall vnderstand that it is best pulling your hempe for the pill as soone as it doth begin to turne yellowish and the leaues to hang downeward looking vnto the earth but if for seed then not before the seed looke blacke and bee readie to shed hempe must euer bee pulled vp by the rootes and first sprâ—ad thinne vpon the earth then afterwards bound vp in bundles which they do call bayts then it must bee câ—rryed to the water to ripen of which water the running streame is the best and the standing pond is the worst yet it must bee done with great heed for hempe is very poysonous and it doth not onely infect the waters but it doth also poyson much fish Hempe must lye three dayes and three nights couered in the water then it must bee cleane washt out of the water and afterwards brought home and dried either in the Sunne or vpon the kilne There bee some house-wiues which either for sloath or for want of a conuenient place to water in doe ripen their hempe vpon the ground by suffering it to lye at the least fifteene nights vpon the sâ—me taking the dewes which do fall Morning and Euening and other raine by which it ripeneth prouided that it bee turned euerie day once but this manner of ripening is not good for besides that it is vnkindly and doth oftentimes cause the hempe to bee rotten it also maketh the hempe to be very blacke and foule so that it doth neuer make white cloth After the ripening and drying of your hempe you shall brake it in brakes which are made of wood for the same purpose and this labour would euer as neere as you can bee done in the Sunne-shine after the braking of hempe you shall swingle it then beate it then heckle it and if you intend to haue verie fine cloth of it you shall after the first heckling beate it againe and then heckle it through a finer heckle then spinne it after warpe it and lastly weaue it Thus much for the hempe which is vsed for to make cloth withall but for such as shall bee preserued for cordage or the roper you shall onely after the ripening pill it and then either sell or imploy it Hempe seed is verie good to make hennes lay many egges and that in the depth of Winter and greatest coldnes of the same Many doe burne the thickest rootes of the male hempe and of the same so burnt and made into powder do make gunne-powder The iuice or decoction of the greene herbe being strongly strained and powred in some place where there are earthwormes doth cause them to come forth by and by likewise being dropt into the eares it causeth the worms or other beastes which shall bee gotten in thither to come out presently and this wee haue learned of fishermen which by this wile doe take wormes to serue them for their hookes Hempe seede must neither bee eaten nor drunke because it sendeth vp many fumes vnto the braine which will cause the same to ake and therefore women do greatly transgresse the rules of Physicke which giue this bruised seed in drinke to such as are troubled with the falling sicknes or head-ach This is a thing to be wondred at in hempe that seeing there are two sorts of it the male and the female yet the female beareth not the seed but the male Line LIne must not bee sowne in any ground but where there riseth great profit and this followeth and is caused by reason of the seede which impaireth all sorts of grounds verie much and for that cause it must bee sowne in a verie fat ground and such a one also as it reasonably moist In any case the ground where line-seed is sowne must bee curiously handled and clensed and with manifold earings plowed and turned ouer so oft and so long as that it become like dust and furthermore the good hus-wife must be carefull when the line is growne to free it from being 〈◊〉 with the weed vsing to wind about it and which of some is called 〈◊〉 and that not once but oft to the end that in gathering the seed in beating it with beetles heckling and spinning of it such filth may not remaine among the tow It must be gathered when it is ripe and when the colour of it groweth yellow and after layd vp in some drie place that so it may bee defended from the raine and dew which are vtter enemies vnto it when it is drie it must be thresht as soone as may be to the end that the mice eat it not with wooden mallets to get the seed out of it and presently after that it shal be caried to the water about the change of the Moone that it may lie therein three or foure daies in Iuly or August till it become soft and tender to the end that the pilling or barke thereof may the more easily be seperated from the stalkes for the making of cloth When it is drawne out of the water it must bee laied on a heape all round but two or three fadomes broad loading it aboue with boords and stones and after that spred in the Sunne to the end it may drie the better The finest line which is without seed notwithstanding it bee the least and lower of growth than the rest is the best being soft and fine after the manner as it were of silke whereas that which is long and thicke is also more rough and boysterous in spinning You shall make verie fine and white sowing threed of your sine flax in this sort Let it be watered in running water fiue or six daies in Iuly or August in the change of the Moone so soone as it is drawne out of the water spread it in the Sunne that it may drie neuer casting it into any heapes for that which is laid vpon heapes after the comming of it out of the water that it may take a heat and being pressed downe to
earth because that vnder the crust of the frost it inwardly gathereth its sâ—rength together afresh that afterward it may shew forth iâ—s whole force and power in the Spring Wherefore in cold places it will bee better to plant your vine before the Spring as on the contrarie in hot drie and vnwatered places in Autumne to the end that the raine which shall fall all Winter may supplie the defect of other water and that the roots may the sooner take in the earth and then and at that time principally when nature ministreth most nourishment vnto the rootes My counsell is that in planting vines there be not any holes made but rather little pits of a fadome and a halfe in widenesse and as much in depth and this is to be done in October if you mind to plant your vines in Februarie or else in August if you meane to plant your branches before Winter The principall tooles of a vine-dresser are the mattocke to digge and turne ouer the ground withall the forked picke axe to make pits withall thâ— spade the weede forke to cast vp weedes withal the rake a little saw a great hedging bill a little hedging bill to crop and cut off the wood and to make young branches and an aâ—gar to graâ—t the Vine withall CHAP. VIII Of the plant of the Blacke Vine COncerning the naturall plant of the black Vine it groweth euery where the wilde doth yeeld a sharp and rough wine such as that which groweth of ground newly broken vp but the Vine that is intended to be for Claret wine is planted halfe of blacke and halfe of white Wine and thereupon standeth in neede of another manner of dressing and seat than the common Vine doth in like sort it is harder to order well as requiring a verie great care to be taken about it because the wine which commeth thereof is most pleasant to the eye and of excellent taste albeit that it doe not nourish so much The yong plants of the blacke Vine are the Morillion the Samoyreaâ— the Negrier and the Neraut Besides which for to make Claret Wine it is accustomed to adde the yong white wine plant And for the mingling of them afterward to make a Claret it will in a manner suffice if among three or foure plants or branches of the blacke there be one of the white The best of the blacke plants is the Morillion the wood whereof being cut sendeth forth a redder liquor than any of the other and the best of this sort is the short one being iointed within the bredth of euerie three fingers at the most and growing more or lesse thicke according as the countrie is bearing and nourishing it it beareth a well packt fruit and hath a rounder leafe than any other of that sort The other Morillion hath a long wood iointed with ioints at the end of euerie foure fingers at the least it is thicker and fuller of pith within and in cutting also it is pithie and so more loose the barke except that on the outside is verie redde and the leafe three forked after the manner of a goose foote and like vnto the leafe of the â—igge-tree This second Morillion is otherwise called wilde Pinot it beareth but few cleere grapes and those also small but the wine proueth strong yea better than that of the â—irst Morillion The third Morillion called Beccane hath a blackewood and the fruit is like vnto it in the blossome it maketh a great shew of Wine but when it commeth to ripenes halfe the fruit and sometimes more falleth away The branch is longest iointed of all the rest and groweth more in length and height of wood than any of the other This third kind of Morillion is called Le frane Merillon lampereau it ripeneth before the other Vine plants and yeeldeth good wine and as much as both the other The Samoyreau is likewise found to be of three sorts the best of which branches is short iointed and of a verie hard wood the other draweth verie neere vnto it The third sort is called indented Samoyreau otherwise white Prunelat and that because that his wood is whiter than the other the wine it yeeldeth is of an vnpleasant taste and it beareth but some yeares It hath furthermore this fault that when the fruit should come to be gathered it is for the most part found fallen down and shed vpon the earth The Negrier called redde Prunelat hath a redde bark the wood is long iointed of a thicke and grosse pitch a leafe verie much cut and the grape great cleere verie redde and last ripe Wherefore there needeth to plant but a few of these red plants for the colouring of the other blacke and fastning of them it keepeth and defendeth itselfe from the frost because it hath a high stocke The Neraut called the blacke Bourguignon hath the same nature with the white Bourguignon a hard and a verie blacke vvood a fast and small pith ioints one vpon another an indifferent leafe and altogether round the foot thereof being verie redde the fruit very thicke and close standing one by another as though it were a piled or packed thing it saueth it selfe better from the frost than any other there needeth not so much to be planted of it for it maketh a deep colour in such sort as that they which haue great store of it planted make wine for woollen-diers and â—ell it very deere The small Rochell and Bourdelais of the same nature are scarce to bee found because they are not any great bearers neither yet good for any thing but making of arbours the wood is red as shal be said afterward in inâ—reating of the white vine except because it is â—ound a little redder of a very vermillion colour where it is cut off CHAP. IX Of the plants of the white vine THe best young plant of the white vine is the Frumenteau whose wood draweth towards a yellow colour next vnto it is the Muscadet which beareth a red wood next vnto the Muscadet is the â—ine Pinet of Anjou which hath a wood drawing neere vnto a greene and the fruit yellow as wax There is no young plant that is more apt to beare and indure the frost than the Gouest which beareth a tawnie coloured wood and is very thicke in his stocke hauing a round leafe and yeelding much fruit There is another kind of Gouest which is called sage Gouest so called because of the tast that it maketh in the mouth it is smally in request notwithstanding that it yeeld great store of wine and be no more subiect to the frost than the other Gouest of the same â—ort The fruitfullest of all the white vine plants is that which is called the white Bourguignon or Mourlon or else the Clozier whose ioints are distant some two fingers and a halfe and the fruit hauing a short taile is thicker and closer grown than the Rochelle the leafe is very
and labour to be taken with the vine is the gathering of the fruit which may not be attempted by the vine-dresâ—er vntill the grapes be ripe which is manifestly perceiued by their growing blacke as also by hauing their kernels blacke and all bare as being altogether seperated from the flesh or pulpe of the grape if so be that there be any pressing of the graps Or else if after taking away a kernell or two out of a grape you find that the roome whereout they were taken doth not lessen but abideth as large as it was not being filled vp by the other kernells comming in place You must gather them in faire and calme weather not in rainie weather nor when the grapes are full of dew but when it is wasted and gone and the aire is become somewhat hot rather than cold for so the wine will be the better and endure good a longer time yea if it be possible in the waine of the Moone and when it is vnder the earth at the least after that the Moone is eighteene or twentie daies old for so the wines will bee stronger and last better than if the grapes should be gathered in the new of the Moone It is true that before the gathering of them you must haue all the furniture necessarie thereto in readines as baskets and vessels toâ—gather them into great hedge-bills and small oncs verie sharpe caske well hooped and made very cleane by washing cleanefats and euery way well fitted tubbes great and small stands well pitched and fitted for the purpose and presses aired scoured washt and furnished with their necessarie implements The grape-gatherers shall doe their indeauour to put asunder the leaues greene sowre withered and rotteâ— grapes from those that are ripe and whole to the end that the wine may not be iâ—dammaged and made worse than it would bee And for the making of perfect good and daintie wine to chuse ouâ— the finest of the grapes from amongst the common and grosse ones as also the white from the blacke not mingling the two best sorts together of any kind as if there should bee a mingling of the well tasted grape with those which are sweet or of the white which is strong with another which is weake and of a sad colour The gathered grapes must be left in the ground at the least for a day or two and that vncouered prouided that it raine not for so they will become better in as much as both the Sunne the dew and the earth doe refine and purifie them as taking from them whatsoeuer bad and vnprofitable moisture that is in them then after that to leaue them in the fat but not aboue two daies after which time the next morning they must be troden out equally and in such sort as that there may not any of the grapes of the clusters remaine whole It is true that the treaders must not goe into the fat before their feet be well washed and their whole bodies be made very cleane and couered with a shirt to the end that their sweat may not hurt the Wine they must likewise abstaine from eating therin The grapes being troden the wine or liquor must be let boile and worke together for the space of foure and twentie houres more or lesse according as it is purposed that the wine should be for the longer it worketh together the grosser deeper coloured and mightier it will be as the lesse it worketh together the finer more thinne subtile and delicate it will be Likewise if you would haue a strong mightie wine you must in this time of the working couer your Fat with som couer that so the vapor thereof may not breathe out or his force and strength spend The drosse and grosse parts of the grapes that are trodden which shall haue some iuice and liquor yet left and remaining in them shall bee carried to the presse for to bee pressed out and there it shall abide three or foure strokes It is true that this which is thus pressed out will make the other lesâ—e pleasant and therefore it will bee best to put that which floweth and runneth out of its own accord by treading by it selfe and the other which is pressed out by it selfe But howsoeuer you bestow them the caske into vvhich you shall put them must not be quite filled vp but haue some space left emptie for the boiling vp of the new Wine and the casting forth of such scumme and forth as shall rise out of it with ease It is true that you must be filling vp of it euerie day so long as till it appeare that the Wine hath ridde it selfe from all its scumme and fâ—oth And yet as then it may not be bunged vp but rather some stone or wispe of Hay laied vpon the bung-hole and after vvhen it shall manifestly appeare that the vvine is throughly setled and pacified then you may bung the caske The caske must be all this while either in the open aire or else in some barne that is vvell aired for it is not to be layed into any Cellar vnder ground before such time as the new vvine haue vtterly ceased and cast off his rage And withall you must beware not to fill vp the wine alreadie cooled and turned vp with wine vvhich is yet hote and boiling for be it either white or claret it will make it fat After that the vvine is throughly setled and ceaseth to boile and work any more it may be carried downe into some Cellar which must stand vpon the North paued vvith grauell or drie earth and free and farre off from all ill smels horse-stables sinks bathes and marishie places not hauing any thing shut vp and kept in it vvhich is of euill smell as Cheese Garlike Onyons Oiles or Hides for there is nothing more subiect to be infected than wine especially that which is new Your vessels must be so ranked in order as that they touch not one another hauing some distance left betwixt them that so they may the more easily be looked vnto all they yeare The vessels to auoide the venting which commonly hapneth vnto vvine must haue the bunghole very well stopt with grauell and not stirred or touched at anie time vntill the time to drinke the vvine become If vpon some hap the good housholder presently or a little after the time of Vintage be not minded to sell some part of his Wine according as opportunitie may serue for his profite notwithstanding I find that men in times past to the end they might haue a purer neater and more subtile wine after that the vvine hath purged and cast forth his scumme ceasing to boile did vse to put it into new vessels that is to say did change it out of one vessell into another hauing this opinion that vvine separated from its lees doth make a more subtile kinde of mother in Winter and becommeth more delicate and durable and refineth it selfe
encrease great masses of melancholike humors especially those which are sweet they must not be vsed but of them which liue in toile and trauaile Those which are of a thinne and subtle substance whether they be white claret or of a light yellow for as much as they haue a very pleasant tast and are easily concocted and quickly distributed they are desired and much required at the Tables of great men Lâ—t vs conclude then that amongst all the vvines vvhich we vse at Paris as concerning the red the best are those of Cousâ—y Seuâ—e Vanues and Meudon and as concerning the white those of Argenteâ—ell and then those of Ay Isancy Beaune in Bourgongnie being wel ripened next those of Orleance As concerning white the wines of Longiumeau Palesiau Massy Pont d' Anthony then those of Barâ—urabe Aniou and others which are brought vs from Arbois Gascoigny Languedoc The wines of the grounds neere vnto Paris as of Villeiuiâ—ue Vitry and Iury which are white of Fontenay and Montreuill which are reddish are not to be much set by because they are greenish and of an vnpleasant tast The vvines of Gascoignie are vvithout comparison more hot and drie than the vvines of Orleance and yet they be not so vaporous neither yet assaile the head so mightily as I haue proued that the vvines of Orleance doe The vvines vvhich Greece Languedoc and Spaine doe send vs or rather vvhich the delicacie and voluptuousnesse of our French throats cause to be feâ—ched from beyond the Sea such as are Sacks Muscadels of Frontignan Malmesies Bastards which seeme to me to be so called because they are oftentimes adulterated and falsified with honey as we see vvine Hydromell to be prepared and Corsick vvines so much vsed of the Romanes are very pernicious vnto vs if we vse them as our common drinke Notwithstanding we proue them very singular good in cold diseases caused of cold humours without the hot distâ—mperature of the liuer or of any other noble part but chiefely and principally Malmeâ—ey vvhich we daily note and obserue to be very soueraigne in the crudities of the stomacke and collickes by reason of the singular force and vertue it hath in concocting of crude and raw matter and in dissoluing of vvinde and flatuousnesse But howsoeuer â—orraine vvines vvhich are fetched from farre Countries may seeme pleasant vnto our taste yet indeede the truth is that we are not to vse them except it be with as great aduise and iudgement as may be because that besides their manifest outward qualities they haue also close and hidden ones vvhich indeed may become familiar and well agreeing through some sympathie vvith the inhabitants of those Countries vvhere the said vvines grow but vnto vs they are enemies by an antipathie or contrarieâ—ie vvhich is betwixt them and vs which are of a soyle and countrey farre vnlike Which point if we regard not we cannot but for the most part offend against the rules of art and commit infinite faults in prescribing and laying downe such diet and order of gouernment as shall be for the direction of other mens liues Some do make and compound spiced wines which somewhat resemble the foresaid forraine wines and that not so much for the necessitie of life or health as for pleasure and the deligthing of the swallow of which sort are the claret the preparing whereof we haue set downe before and hipocras so called not that Hipocrates did euer inuent it or vse it but of the mixture and temperature according whereunto the said wine is compounded and made it is so called of the Greeke verbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to temper Men ought seldome to temper these wines because that by their vnwoonted heate and great vaporousnesse they procure many troublesome diseases as the squinancie strangurie apoplexie pallie and other such like notwithstanding such as feele a certaine coldenesse and weakenes in their stomake may vse them not as their common drinke but sometimes only as remedie or medicine And thus in briefe you haue what I thought good to deliuer concerning the qualities and vertues aswell of such wines as grow in France as also of them which are brought vs from strange countries By the reading of this slight discourse the Reader which is carefull of his health may learne to make choice of such wine as is fittest for his owne drinking as he shall perceiue to be agreeable and profitable not onely for his nature and disposition but also for his health As for example he that hath a very hot and drie liuer his lungs subiect to inflammation and readie to receiue sharp distillations from the braine and his braine very moist shall not vse hot and drie wines such as are those of Languedoc Gascoignie and Orleance but he shall content himselfe with some small French wine somewhat greenish and which beareth but small store of water He likewise which hath a cold stomake and is subiect to cold and windie diseases shall vse the wine that is good and haue nothing to doe with the small and greene wines and for this purpose shall make his aduantage of this our discourse which will instruct and teach him the diuersitie and qualities of wines The end of the sixth Booke THE SEVENTH BOOKE OF THE COVNTRIE FARME The Warren CHAP. I. Of the situation of the Warren HItherto we haue as briefely as possibly we could run through whatsoeuer thing belonging to the tilling and dressing of the earth as gardens meadowes arable grounds and vines now it is requisite that following the order before propounded we speake of the Warren of wood timber trees parks for wild beasts breeding of herons and of hunting We will begin therefore to describe the Warren the profit whereof is not inferiour to that of the pullaine pigeons and other small cattell which are bred and fed about our countrie farme but chiefely in respect of the selling of conies which the good housholder may doe yearely and that some yeares betwixt foure score a hundred dosen beside all those which the Lord of the farme shall stand in neede dayly to vse either for eating in his house or for to giue away and gratifie his friends withall Againe the indeauour care and paine about a Warren is nothing so great as that which is required in the ordering of other small cattell for conies stand not in to haue a speciall and set gouernour to take care continually of house handle make cleane heale them when they are sicke or to dresse them their meate because that of of themselues they build earthes and little holes to hide and repose themselues in and feeding they looke not for any thing but that which the earth of its own accord without any tilling doth beare and bring forth for them Wherefore for the most profit of your countrie farme you must prouide and prepare a Warren in such a place as hath before beene spoken of that is to say betwixt your corne fields vineyards and grounds bearing
continually seene that Willowes planted vpon causeyes banks hauing some ditch of water ioyning thereunto that in such sort as that their roots may reach but to the brinks and edges of the water proue fairer taller and more plentifull than those which grow in waterish medows because that for the â—â—st part their roots stand moist in water You may read of the Holme tree in the fourth booke I say not that Willowes Allers Poplars such white wood will not grow in high places notwithstanding that it is their nature to grow neere to water and doe prosper best in such places and if they be planted in high places and farre from vvater they are hardly nourished and put forth very little in growth insomuch as that a hundred such trees as are planted in waterie countries vvill yeeld more vvood than a thousand planted in a drie countrey notwithstanding all the indeuor and husbandrie that can be vsed yea and they will perish and die a great deale sooner This I say because it is easie to make them grow and to husband them in a high or hillie place by watering and dressing of them in conuenient sort vvhich labours as they are not performed without great cost so if they happen to be neglected it proueth to be the losse and spoile of the trees vvhereas if they be planted in some place that is fit for them and neere vnto vvater according as their nature requireth they vvill prosper vvithout the toile or industrie of man vsed therein Notwithstanding for as much as the first yeares after they be planted they haue much to doe to shoot and nourish their roots and such branches as are alreadie put forth it wil be best to free them of all such twigs as they shall put forth the first yeare to the end they may more easily seed their roots as also that thereby the force of winds which would take such hold of offall may not shake and loosen those which are alreadie fast for vpon such causes trees doe many times die be they neuer so well planted I know that it is not alwaies required that such paines should be taken especially about those which are orderly and conueniently planted in planting or pâ—uning of them notwithstanding I say thus much for them vvhich goe about the making of close alleyes for walkes and shades that they may cause them to grow much in a short time for this they shall effect by planting of them in furrowes and not one of them perish and as for their paine and labour they shall haue the pleasure thereof in shorter time and larger manner Herewithall it must be noted that whensoeuer you set or plant any such trees you must so doe it as that it need not a second doing for if any of them should die it would be the harder to set others in their places so as that they would thriue because the shadow of the other which liue would cause the same to die seeing it is vsually seene that the elder and stronger ones doe oppresse the weaker keeping them vnder and causing them to miscarrie Wherefore the greater care is to be vsed in the first planting of them and the more paine to be taken with them seeing the sequele is a thinâ— that is so hard to be redressed The time to plant Willowes Allers Poplars and other such vvoods is alwaies found best in the beginning of Februarie or at the later end of Ianuarie vvhen the great cold is past being otherwise apt to hurt such plants as are new set as hath alreadie beene said As concerning the properties of these trees thus delighting in watrie grounds the leaues and flowers of the white Poplar although they be a little hot doe notwithstanding make a very cooling ointment called Populeum good to take away the heat of inflamations as also the milke out of womens breasts that are newly deliuered Birch-tree yeeldeth twigs which serue to make rods for the punishing of theeues withall as also to make baskets little maunds beesomes and couerings for earthen bottles Of the stocke is made charcoale seruing for the melting of mettall And of the rinde are made links to giue light in the night season for to such end doe country people vse them The iuice of the leaues mixt amongst the runnet of a Calfe doth keepe cheese from wormes and rottennesse If you pierce the stock of the Birch-tree there will come forth a water which being drunke a long time is of power to breake the stone of the reines and bladder being taken in a gargarisme it drieth the vlcers of the mouth and being vsed in lotions it cleanseth and taketh away the filthinesse and infections of the skin CHAP. XVI Of Ashes Elmes and Maple-trees THe Ash doth naturally craue a low and waterish countrey and therefore doth grow more plentifully in such places than in high grounds and therefore for the most part they must be planted in such low and waterie grounds though not altogether so low and waterie as the Willow Poplar and Aller doe craue howbeit notwithstanding they may be planted in indifferent grounds and Elmes will grow well therein Their proper nature is to delight in moist valleyes for therein they prosper well and grow vp to a great height with straitnesse and beautifulnesse of Timber Notwithstanding this is a common vvood vvhich may be planted in all sorts of grounds howsoeuer that it like better in fat and moist grounds than in those which are but indifferent but they much dislike the drie rough stiffe and grauellie grounds if they be not mingled with moisture The auncient Woodwards vsed to plant them most in hedge-rowes and on the tops of great bankes or ditches where they might haue drie standing yet be continually fed at the root with a little moisture vvhich sure was a very good and husbandly manner of planting the Ash neither shall you at any time see it prosper better than when it is planted in such places It is naturally of it selfe â— little more tender than other wild trees and desireth a more gentle and loose mould which maketh them prosper the best in mixt hasell grounds or in moist sandie ground yet if they doe take in clay grounds as doubtlesse with a verie little care they will doe one Ash so growing is better tougher and more seruiceable than any three which are taken from the sandie or mixed earths It is a timber of no lesse precious vse than any other whatsoeuer for of it are made all your best Pykes Byll-shafts Halberd-shafts and diuers other engines for the vvarres of it also is made all manner of Plow and Cart-timber vvhatsoeuer as Beames Heads Skeathes Hales Spyndles Shelboords Cart or Wayne bodies rings for Wheeles Naues Harrow-buls Harrow-teeth Axle-trees and any other instrument or engine vvhich desireth a firme gentle yet a verie tough vvood a timber that must bend before it breake and not by any meanes be too extreame portable or heauie in the carriage but both
is a good singing bird She is knowne from others by this because she continueth and heaueth the passages of her throate in singing more than any other birds doe besides she is of a lesse bodie and hath a longer taile in so much as the lesser they bee the perfecter they be On the contrarie the great ones which sometimes turne their heads behind them after the manner of fooles and for that cause are called fooles are the worst and come from the Isles of Palmâ— virte Wherfore the nature of the Canariâ—-bird is not to bee fat or to maintaine and keepe her flesh well She is verie subiect vnto Impostumes which happen vpon her head and those of a yellow colour and they must bee annointed with butter or hennes grease about three times then leauing off to doe any more vnto them for the space of three daies you shall then take them in hand againe and open them gently whereupon you shall see comming out of them thicke matter like vnto an egs yelk Which done you shall annoint the said Impostumes very well with the foresaid grease and thus you shall doe as often as they shall returne This bird is likewise troubled with melancholie sometimes and then the end of her rumpe would be cut and wrung out very well giuing her of these herbes lettuses beets and such like But and if for all these things you see that the Canarie-bird doth not amend the better you shall coole her with a little of the seed of melons giuing it her to eate and you shall put into her water-pot a little Sugar-candie twice or thereabout and that so much as may endure and lâ—st one whole weeke which may be done likewise when shee is in health twice a moneth When the Canariâ—-bird mouteth giue her of the seeds of melons and sprinkle her with a little good wine in such sort as hath beene said in speaking of other birds and that twise or thrice a weeke setting her afterward in the Sunne and by this meanes you shall make her mout more properly This course you shall likewise practise if she haue lice to kill the vermine that would wast and consume her that so she may be preserued CHAP. LVIII Of the Linnet and of her diseases THe Linnet is a good and melodious bird euen that which is taken in her nest Sometimes she wil be melancholicke she hunteth the mountaines amongst the Mâ—ttle bushes Boxe-trees Iuniper-trees and Bay-trees she maketh her nest of very small roots and other matter like vnto feathers This bird bringeth forth young ones thrice a yeare She is subiect vnto the disease called the pthisicke which may be perceiued by the seeing of her melancholike and her feathers standing in staring wise and by her bellie which then will shew it selfe somewhat more puffed vp than ordinarie full of red veines and her breast leane and by seeing her spill and pecke mustard-seed This disease commeth to her by feeding vpon mustard-seed which is very hot wherefore it were better to giue her pannicke or else continuing to giue her mustard-seed to vse withall this remedie which is when you see her troubled with this disease to cut the end of her â—umpe and to giue her Sugar-candie or some other sine sugar to drinke and for her meate you shall giue her beets lettuses and other such like herbes to eate as namely sometimes some mercurie If you haue vsed to feed her before with mustard-seed you must giue her pannicke to eate to coole her withall or else the seed of melons well husked and to continue the same meat the space of three daies Her ordinarie meare must be of the said berbes Bâ—sides this you shall put into her câ—ge a little earth and that in such sort as shall seeme good vnto you howbeit it would be best to put theirin some beaten mortar or some clay to the end that feeding vpon it shee may bee healed The Linnet is likewise subiect vnto the straitnesse or conuulsion of the brest wherefore being oppressed with this disease you shall feed her with the seeds of melons and in her water you shal steep some Sugar-candie or else small morâ—els of past You shall put therein furthermore a little peece of licoras to the end the water may somewhat â—aste of it and so you must continue it for the space of fiue daies one day alwaies betwixt that is to say one day and not the other Seeing to it that you giue her a beet leafe or some other vpon the day that you shall giue her pure water to drinke The same remedie will serue to helpe her to her voice againe iâ— the bird were hoarse for thereby shee shall â—ind her selfe well notwithstanding that there are but few that escape of the Phthisicke You shall vse the like remedies for the benefit of other birds which are found to bee grieued with such diseases as those are whereof we will now speake CHAP. LIX Of diuers infirmities hapning to little cage birds together with their remedies AMongst other diseases of birds they are subiect easily to loose their sight and become blind if it bee not speedily looked to and especially the Spinkes Wherefore for their better recourâ—rie before they be quite blind you shall take beets draw the iuice out of them mingling it with a little sugar with this licour you shall make her drinke for the space of three daies to be taken euery sâ—cond day after the maner that we haue spoken of in the behalfe of the linnet And you shall lay in her cage a sticke of the wood of the fig-tree in such sort as that the bird may vse it for a pearch and rub her eies against it for the curing of them which remedie will then be expedient when you perceiue their eies to begin to shed teares and their feathers begin to stare and stand vp When they shall bee troubled with impostumes you shall vse the same remedies which we haue spoken of in the chapâ—er of the Canarie bird But in as much as it often falleth out that birds do breake their legs I haue thought it good to teach you the way to heale them â— you shall giue them their meat in the first place in the bottome of the cage secondly you shall take away their rods and pearches that so they may not thereby take occasion to be hopping to looke for their meate and so thereby to labour and stirre their legge because by stirring thereof they perish and are spoiled And this course will likewise serue when any bird hath her thigh broken And I would aduertise you not to bind or swaddle it after the manner of the world for so you should cause some impostume to grow in the place where you did bind and tie it You shall doe that which hath beene said very easily if you lay her meate in the bottome and lowest part of the cage all manner of pearching being cut off by the taking away
of the rods and stickes which were in it for that purpose and keeping them in some by-place for feare that by the hearing of noise they should beate and shake themselues letting their legge or thigh which they shall haue broken remaine vntied and vnbound for nature will heale it and make it to grow together againe speedily CHAP. LX. The manner how to serue ones turne of birdes when he would take and catch them and how to make them sing NOtwithstanding that all birds except the Spinke do sing in Winter as by name the Finch the Linnet the Miskin and other such like there are some found notwithstanding which being come out of the mue do giue ouer their singing because of the said mue Wherefore from the beginning of May you shall purge them which you would vse for your purpose to catch other birds withall in such maner as followeth You shall giue them in the first place of the iuice of beetes mingled with a little pure water and the day following you shall giue them a leafe of the said herbe The third day following you shall keepe them close in the house setting them vpon the ground that so they may eate their meate vpon it for the space of ten daies withdrawing them by little and little day after day from the light into some obscure and darke place And when they haue thus pasâ—ed ouer ten daies you shall giue them some beets againe and shut them vp in some square chest in a darke and by-place At the euening you shal dresse them with a lamp so dealing as that the said birds may see the same light for the space of two houres during which time you may make cleane her water-pot changing their mustard-seed euery eight day and giuing them of the leaues of beets euery fourth day and euery twentieth day of the iuice therof especially vnto the spink being the most subiect of all others to become blind And that you may keepe them without lice you must change their cage euery twentie daies as also for another reason which is because of the filth and stench thereof which might easily kill them Thus you must still be practising of these courses vnto the tenth of August which terme being expired you shall purge them anew in like manner as before suffering them by little and little more freely to see the light vntill the twentieth of the same moneth taking heed that they come not in the Sunne Thus they will serue you very well to take and catch birds withall in September and October and finally in all the rest CHAP. LXI Of the Misken AMongst the little birds of the cage the Misken is a of cheerefull nature and singeth sweetly and delightsomely she is exceeding pleasing vnto the sight She breedeth thrice a yeare first about the end of Aprill amongst the shrubs or hedges of iuie or laurell secondly about mid-May and thirdly and lastly in the end of â—une and this is their ordinarie and most common course for sometimes they come sooner or latter more or lesse Their nests are made of the most â—ine roots of herbs and oftentimes of the leaues of reeds according as the place will afford them where they nest To seed the Misken taken out of her nest you shall giue her of a sheepes heart miâ—â—â—ed very small taking away the fat and sinewes or else of a calues or heyfers heaâ—â— taking from it likewise the sinewes and the fat all the rest being well beaten and shrâ—â— because of digestion You shall seed her in her nest oftentimes giuing her euery time a moâ—â—ell or two and no more least they should die by being too much filled And when you shall perceiue that the Misken will â—ate alone you shall hang at her cage a little of the said heart minced not ceasing notwithstanding to feed her by putting it in her mouth certain times euery day for more asâ—urednesse After she hath beene accustomed to eate alone you may giue her some paste feeding her therewithall onely not giuing her any more heart when she shall be accustomed thereto Furthermore if you haue any great desire that she should learne some proper songe take the paines for to teach her for it is a bird that is very easie to be taught The Miskens which are taken in birding proue better and more perfect than the other They are woont to continue without singing the space of ten daies after they are taken You shal feed them for the space of eight daâ—es with new or drie â—igs and after you shall begin to giue them of the paste which is woont to bee made for the Nightingales wherof we will speake hereafter such as are fed with paste do liue longer than those which are fed with nothing but figs. CHAP. LXII Of the solitarie Sparrow BY nature the solitariâ— Sparrow is giuen to be melancholicke she loueth by-places and thereupon commeth her name because they are very solitarie as namely the old decayed walls of churches and other â—â—â—â—habited places as being far remoued from the companie of other birds she 〈◊〉 very iealous ouer her young ones she maketh her nest in the holes and clefts of old buildings and breedeth thrice a yeare first in Aprill secondly in May and thirdly in Iune If you will bring vp and take any pleasure by the solitarie Sparrow which haue taken young in their nests you must chuse the greatest and biggest namely such as are well couered with feathers for else you shal neuer bring them to any proofe If peraduenture when they are growne thus great they will not open their bils you shall open them giuing them as much as a bird will hold in her bill three or foure times But and if you perceiue that they will eate of themselues you may put in their trough or meate-boxe some of the foresaid heart not giuing ouer notwithstanding to put it into their mouthes vntill such time as they can eate alone But for such as open their bils you shall feed them with the said heart after that you haue taken off the skinne round about and the fat also and that once euerie houre or more if you heare them crie and see them gape Put in their cage a little straw or hay keeping them as neate and cleane as possibly you can for if you do not they will become lame or else die in a small time Wherefore you shall do as hath beene said vntill they haue mouted and afterward if you will keepe them in sand it will be very good howbeit I thinke it better to keepe them in hay all the Winter following And whenas they shall eate of themselues their meate shall bee sheepes heart small minced and sometimes of the paste which is woont to be giuen to Nightingales And sometimes for an extraordinarie dish you may giue them hard egges as also raysins CHAP. LXIII Of the Throstle THe Throstle is a bird knowne to euery one and she is as good to be eaten as to
with water or the dung of Hennes drunke with Hypocras made of honey and wine or a Clister made of Brine or the heart of a Larke swallowed downe while it is fresh and new or the said heart of a Larke fastened to the thigh As concerning outward remedies some approue greatly to take the skin of a sheepe all new or the kell of the intrailes of a sheepe newly killed to apply it vnto the bellie or to make a bag of Millet Branne Wheat and Salt fried together to lap vpon the bellie A Cataplasme made of Wolues dung is also profitable against the Collicke the same dung drunke with a little wine doth verie much good the bones found in the dung of a Wolfe powned small and drunke with wine haue the like qualitie Some say that if you take ashes comming verie hot from vnder the coales of fire and put the said ashes in a dish or pot and afterward poure thereon a good glasâ—e of Claret wine and afterward couer the said dish with ashes with a linnen cloth foure double and apply it vnto the bellie you shall find release and mitigation of your paine For the â—uâ—orall â—lux of the Bellie it is good to drinke milke wherein hath beene quenched a gad of Steele or of yron or milke boyled with a halfe quantitie of water and that vnto the consumption of the water or hee shall take of a Stags pizzle with Cesâ—â—rue water to vse Rice parched to take a dramme of Masticke powdred with the yolke of an egge to make a Cataplasme with the flower of Wheat to apply all ouer the Nauell but it must be wrought with red Wine and after baked in the Ouen For the bloudie Flux giue to drinke with red wine the bloud of a Hare dried and made in powder or the powder of mens bones or else gather the dung of a dogge which for three dayes hath fed vpon nothing but bones and this you must drie to make into powder of 〈◊〉 powder giue vnto him that is troubled with such Flux twice a day in milke wherein you shall haue quenched manie stones of the Riuer verie throughly heated in a verie hot fire continue this two or three dayes or else giue to drinke the distilled water of the great Burre oâ— the decoction of shepheards Purse or the distilled water of Woodbâ—nd or else giue to drinke the seed of Plantaine in powder or the distilled water of the first buds of the Oake or the powder of Snayles burnt with the powder of Brier-berries and a little white Pepper and Galls or of the Harts and Goats horne burned or rather of the pizzle of a Haâ—t prepared as wee haue taught here aboue in setting downe the remedies for the Pleurisie For to stay the flux of Bloud drinke a reasonable draught of the iuice or decoction of dead Nettle make Clysters with the 〈◊〉 of Plantaâ—ne and Horse-taile vse the broth of Coleworts â—odden vâ—rie tender the iuice of Pomegrants and the substance it selfe Sallads of Plantaine and Sorrell chaw oftentimes some Rubarbe To loosen the Bellie â—ou must eat sweet Cherries or Peaâ—hes Figges or Mulberries fasting to sâ—p the first broths of Coleworts of Beets of Mallowes or Lettuces or of Cich-pease without salt to apply vnto the stomacke a Cataplasme made with Honey the gall of a Bull and the roet of Sow-bread or the leaues of Apples of coloquâ—â—tida to take a Suppositorie made of fat Bacon or the stalke of a Mallow or Beet To kill the wormes of little children it is good to cause them to vse preserued Rubarbe or the câ—nserue of Peach flowers to drinke the distilled water of Gentian or the â—â—ce of Câ—trons the iuice of Mints or Basill of Purcelane Rue or Wormwood or else to cause them to swallow with a verie small draught of Wormewood wine of the powder made of Wormes first dried and after burned on a fire-pan red hot and make it into verâ—e â—ine powder or of the powder of blessed Thistle or of Coralline the weight of a French crowne also to apply vnto the Nauell a cataplasme made of Wormewood Tansie and an Oxe gall and all this must be done toward the later end of the Moone To stay the excessiue paine of outward Hemorrhoids you must make a Liniment of oyle of Roses waâ—â—ed in the water of Violets fresh Butter oyle of Linseed the yolke of an egge and a little waxe or else to make a little cataplasme with the crums of a white loafe sleept in Cowes milke adding thereto two yolkes of egges a little Saffron and a little Populeon There may also a little Liniment be made with fresh butter and the powder of Corke-tree burned In the paine of the Hemorrhoids therâ— is nothing more singular than the perfume made of shauings of Iuorie To stay the excessiue flux of the Hemorrhoids it is a most singular remedie to drinke a dramme of red Corall or of the scumme of yron with the water of Plantain and also to make a fomentation of the decoction of white Henbane or in place of this a Cataplasme made of the powder of burnt Paper or of the shauings of Lead or of Bole Armoniack with the white of an egge or of three Oyster shells finely poudred either raw or burnt and mixt with a little fresh butter For the stone in the Reines you must drinke often of the iuice or water of the bodie of the Beech tree which water must be gathered in the Spring time in as much as then the bodie or the rinde thereof being 〈◊〉 or cut to the qâ—â—cke doth yeeld a great quantitie of water verie singular for this purpose The fruit of the Eglantinâ— preserued before it be ripe after the manner of Marmalate with Sugar hauing first taken the kernels from within taken fasting to the end of the last quarter and first daies of the Moone following in drinking somewhat more than a reasonable draught of white wine or of the water of wild Tansie or such other is verie excellent therefore He must also drinke very oft with white wine the pouder of the pâ—lling of Rest-harrow or Buck-thorne or of the gumme which groweth round about the riâ—des of Vines or of the seed of Goose-grasâ—e finely powdred or to drinke the distilled water of Radish roots and Nettle roots with a little Sugar or the water of Broome or of Dogs-grasse or of wild Tansie the water or iuice of Radish wherein is dissolued the powder of egge-shels burnt or of the stones of Medlars or of the eye of a Partridge or of the braine of a Pie or of the inward skin of thâ—â— stomacke of a Henne or Câ—pon Euerie man prayseth this decoction whereof Aetius maketh mention in his chapter of Sea-Holly Take the roots of Sea-Holly the pith taken out and make them verie cleane steepe them eight houres in Fountaine water after that to boyle them till the halfe of the water be consumed in the end of the boyling cast
into the pot Licorice bruised let this decoction coole at leisure And as for outward meanes it is good to apply a Cataplasme made of Pellitorie of the wall vnto the reines or else a Cataplasme made of the root of Cypres and the leaues of Bell-flower boyled in wine The best and most soueraigne of all the rest is to prepare a Bath wherein haue boyled the leaues of water-Paâ—sley Mallowes Holihocks March Violets Pellitorie flowers of Broome and Camomill and within the Bath vpon the reines a bagge full of Branne and water-Parsley For the Collick caused of Grauell cause to boyle the leaues and flowers of Camomill in an equall quantitie of water and white wine to the wasting of the third part drinke the decoction warme suddenly the paine will be appeased For the difficultie of Vrine drinke the iuice of Winter Cherries or the decoction of Radish roots in white wine or the decoction of hearbe Patience or of the Thistle said to haue an hundred heads or of Bell-flower or of the white prickly Thistle or of Sperage or of Dogs-grasse or of Rest harrow also apply vpon the yard or secret parts a Cataplasme or Liniment of Fleawort Some hold it for a great secret to drinke white wine wherein hath beene brayed Sowes found in caues and hollow places or to make powder of the said Sowes dryed and so to giue the same to drinke in white wine Others doe greatly esteeme the distilled water of the pillings of the root of Rest-harrow first steeped in Malmesey For the stone in the Bladder it is a singular thing to drinke the iuice of Limons with white wine or to make a powder of the stones of Medlars first washed in white wine and after dryed of Broome-seed Burnet-seed and of the seed of Sperage Holihockes Saxifrage Melons Pompions Citruls and of the hearbe good against pearles and to vse these with white wine There is an hearbe growing at the new Towne LeGuyard called in French Crespinette by those that dwell thereabouts and of this the young Ladie of Villeneufue sister to the late deceased Monsieur Cardinall of Bellay caused to be distilled a Water which is singular against the difficultie of Vrine and the stone in the Bladder as I my selfe haue proued diuers times Some hold it also for a singular remedie to make a powder of the stones of Sponges or of the stone which is found in the head of Cray-fishes or of the shells of small Nuts or of the gumme of Cherrie trees and to take it with white Wine or the iuice of Radishes Or else the distilled water of the stalkes of Beanes red Cich-pease and the seed of Holihock The which followeth of Glasse is a great secret which being burned and quenched seuen times in the water of Saxifrage and afterward made into a verie fine powder and giuen with white wine vnto the partie troubled with grauell doth breake the stone in them in any part of the bodie Another secret is that of the shells of egges which haue brought forth Chickens being brayed brewed and drunke with white wine which breaketh the stone as well of the Reines as of the Bladder For all such persons as pisse in their bed whiles they be asleepe and cannot hold their vrine there is nothing better than to eat oftentimes the lungs of a young Kid rosted or to drinke with wine the powder of the braines or stones of a Hare as also the powder of a Cowes bladder or of a Hogs Sheepe or Goats bladder or the powder made of the roots of Bistort or of Tormentill with the iuice of Plantaine or with the milke of Sheepe or the ashes of the flesh of an Hedgehog For the burning of the Vrine let be taken of shell-Snayles and whites of egges of each a pound of the great and small cold feeds of each halfe an ounce halâ—e a pound of the water of Lettuce foure ounces of good Cassia three ounces of Venice Turpentine powne that which may be powned and let it all stand to mix together for the space of a night afterward distill them in a Limbecke in Mariâ—s bath let this water settle some time before that you vse it giue thereof halfe an ounce euerie morning with a dramme of Saccharum Rosatum continue the vse thereof as long as you are able To make a woman fruitfull which is barren let her drinke foure dayes after the purging of her naturall course the iuice of Sage with a verie little salt and let her continue and goe ouer this course diuers times To stay the excessiue flux of the flowers of Women they must drinke with the iuice of Plantaine the powder of the Cuttle bone or the bone of a Sheepes foot burned or the shells which Pilgrims bring home after their pilgrimage to S. Iames or of Corall or of Harts horne or of the shells of burnt egges or of twelue red graines of the seed of Pionie or to swallow with the yolke of an egge the powder of Tezill or the scumme of yron first dipt in vineger and after made into fine powder And as for outward meanes it is good to apply vnto the Nauell shell-Snayles well brayed or the red in the void space of the Nut burnt and powdred and mingled with wine Make a Cataplasme of Soot or of the scraping got from vnder the bottome of a Caulâ—rton mingle it with the white of an egge or the iuice of dead Nettle or white Mulâ—â—â—ne and apply it vnto the loynes and bottome of the belly Or to fill a bag sufficient full of grosâ—e salt to dip in fresh water newly drawne out of the Well and to apply it to the hollow of the Reines Some make great account of Cherry-tree gumme infused in the iuice of Plantaine and cast into the priuie parts with small Siâ—ings 〈◊〉 to apply to the breasts the leaues of Celandine For the white termes of Women after that the bodie is purged it is good to drinke with the iuice of Plantaine or the water of Purcelane the powder of Amber of Corall or of Bole Armoniake or of Terra sigillata or of Steele prepared or of Sponge burnt in a pot or of the Sea-Snayle first burnt and afterward washt in wine And as for outward meanes there must be made a Lee with ashes of Oake wood or of the Figge-tree or of the Osier in which there must be boyled the rind of Pomegranats Gâ—â—â—s pieces of Corke leaues and roots of Bisâ—ort and of Peruincle beyond-sea Roses with a verâ—e small quantitie of Allome and Salt and of this to make a fomentation or a halfe bath For to cause women to haue their termes they must drinke euerie morning two ounces of the water of Mugwort or of the decoction of Dogs-grasse Cich-pease the seed of common or Romane Nigella of the root of Smallage Cinnamon and Saffron the roots of Radish of the Tasell in which one may dissolue as much Mirrhe as the quantitie of a Beane The iuice