was called Coccolucio because such as were troubled therewith were no otherwise troubled then in the throat like vnto Hennes which haue the pip after the which followed many pestilent feuers with diuers strange fits which continued not aboue foure dayes Not long before the plague was so great in Portingale that in two yeres space there died in Lisbone to the number of 80. thousand people after the which plague the saide disease ensued which wrought great destruction throughout the whole Countrie of Spaine The fift day of August in the same yeare hauing some vnderstanding in the Spanish tongue I placed my selfe with a Dutch gentleman who determined to trauaile into Portingal to sée the countrie and with him stayed to take a more conuenient time for my pretended voyage Vppon the first of September following we departed from Siuill passing through diuers Townes and Villages within eight dayes after we ariued at Badaios where I found my other Brother following the Court. At the same time died Anne de Austria Quéene of Spaine Sister to the Emperour Rodulphus and Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian the Kings fourth and last wife for whom great sorrow was made through all Spaine her body was conuaied from Badaios to the Cloyster of Saint Laurence in Escuriall where with great solemnitie it was buried We hauing stayed certaine dayes in Badaios departed from thence and passed through a Towne called Eluas about two or thrée miles off being the first towne in the kingdome of Portingale for that betwéene it and Badaios the borders of Spaine and Portingale are limited from thence we trauailed into diuers other places of Portingale and at the last ariued at Lisbone about the twenty of September following where at that time wee found the Duke of Alua beeing Gouernour there for the King of Spaine the whole Cittie making great preparation for the Coronation of the King according to the custome of their countrie Wee beeing in Lisbone through the change of aire and corruption of the countrie I fell sicke and during my sicknes was seauen times let blood yet by Gods help I escaped and being recouered not hauing much preferment vnder the gentleman I left his seruice and placed my selfe with a Marchant vntill I might attaine to better meanes About the same time the plague not long before newly begunne began againe to cease for the which cause the King till then had deferred his enterance into Lisbone which wholly ceased vppon the first day of May Anno 1581 hee entred with great triumph and magnificence into the cittie of Lisbone where aboue all others the Dutchmen had the best and greatest commendation for beautiful shews which was a Gate a Bridge that stood vppon the riuer side where the King must first passe as hee went out of his Gallie to enter into the cittie being beutified and adorned with many costly and excellent thinges most pleasant to behold euery stréet and place within the cittie being hanged with rich clothes of Tapistrie and Arras where they made great triumphes as the manner is at all Princes Coronations The same yere the twelfth of December the Duke of Alua died in Lisbone in the kings pallace being high steward of Spaine who during his sicknes for the space of fourtéene dayes receaued no sustenance but only womens milke his body beeing seared and spicen was conuaied into his countrie of Alua The same month the King beeing yet at Lisbone died Don Diego Prince of Spaine and Portingale the kings eldest son his body béeing inbalmed was conuaied to Madril after whose death the king had but one Sonne named Don Phillip and two Daughters liuing About the same time there ariued at Lisbone the kings sister widdow to the deceased Emperour Maximilian and with her one of her daughters who beeing lame was after placed in a Monasterie of Nuns they with great triumph were likewise receaued into the cittie After the death of Don Diego the kings eldest sonne all the Lordes and States of Spaine and Portingale as well spirituall as temporal assembled at Lisbone and there in the kings presence according to the ancient custome and manner of the countrie tooke their oathes of faith and allegiance vnto Don Phillip the young Prince of Spaine and next heire and lawfull successor of the lung his Father in his dominions of Spaine Portingale and other landes and countries The next yeare Anno 1582. a great nauie of ships was prepared in Lisbone whose generall was the Marquesse de sancta Cruce accompanied with the principall gentlemen and captaines both of Spaine and Portingal who at their own costs and charges therein to shew the great affection and desire they had to serue their Prince sayled with the said Nauie to the Flemmish Ilandes to fight with Don Antonio that lay about those Iles with a Fléet of frenchmen whose Generall was one Phillip Strozzi These two Fléets méeting together fought most cruelly to the great losse of both parts yet in the ende Don Antonio with his French men was ouerthrowne and many of them taken prisoners among the which were diuers gentlemen of great account in France who by the Marquis commandement were all beheaded in the Island of Saint Michaels The rest being brought into Spaine were put into the Gallies Don Antonio himselfe escaped in a small ship and the General Strozzi also who béeing hurt in y e battail died of the same wound By this victory the Spaniards were so proud that in Lisbone great triumph was holden for the same and the Marquis de Sancta Crus receiued therin with great ioy which done and all thinges being pacified in Portingale the King left his Sisters sonne Don Albertus Cardinall of Austria Gouernour of Lisbone and the whole Countrie and with the saide Cardinals mother returned and kept Court at Madrill in Spaine The 2. Chapter The beginning of my voyage into the East or Portingale Indies STaying at Lisbone the trade of Marchandize there not beeing great by reason of the newe fresh disagréeing of the Spaniards and Portingales occasion being offered to accomplish my desire there was at the same time in Lisbone a Monke of S. Dominicks order named Don frey Vincente de Fonseca of a noble house who by reason of his great learning had of long time béene Chaplen vnto Sebastian King of Portingale who beeing with him in the battaile of Barbari◠where King Sebastian was slain was taken prisoner and from thence ransomed whose learning and good behauiour beeing knowne to the King of Spaine hee made great account of him placing him in his own Chappel and desiring to prefer him the Archbishopricke of all the Indies beeing voide with confirmation of the Pope he inuested him therewith although he refused to accept it fearing the long and tedious trauaile hee had to make thether but in the end through the Kings perswasion hee tooke it vpon him with promise within foure or fiue yeares at the furthest to recall him home againe and to giue him
yet laying hold thereon and hauing his hand half cut in two he would not let go so that in the end they were constrained to take him in againe both the which brethren I knew and haue bene in company with them in this miserie and paine they were â—0 daies at sea in the end got to land where they found the Admiral and those that were in the other boate Such as stayed in the ship some tooke bords deals and other péeces of wood bound them together which y e Portingals cal bangadas euery man what they could catch all hoping to saue their liues but of all those there came but two men safe to shore They that before had taken land out of the boates hauing escaped that danger fell into an other for they had no sooner set foote on shore but they were by the Mores called Caffares Inhabitants of that couÌ„try spoiled of al their cloaths so y t they left not so much vpon their bodies as would hide their priuie members whereby they indured great hunger and miserie w t manie other mischieffes which would be ouer tedious to rehearse In the end they came vnto a place where they found a factor of the Captaines of Soffala Mosambique he holp them as he might and made means to send them vnto Mosambique and from thence they went into India where I knew manie of them and haue often spoken with them Of those that were come safe to shore some of theÌ„ died before they got to Mosambique so that in all they were about 60 persons that saued themselues all the rest were drowned smothered in the ship there was neuer other newes of y e ship then as you haue heard Hereby you may consider the pride of this Pilot who because he would be couÌ„selled by no man cast away that ship with so many men wherefore a Pilot ought not to haue so great authority that in time of need he should reiect and not heare the counsell of such as are most skilfull The Pilote when he came into Portingale was committed to prison but by giftes and presents he was let loose and an other shippe beeing the best of the Fleet that went for India in Anno 1588. committed vnto him not without great curses and euill wordes of the Mothers Sisters wiues and Chidren of those that perished in the ship which all cryed vengeance on him and comming with thy ship wherein he then was placed called the S. Thomas he had almost laid her on y â— same place where the other was cast away hut day comming on they romde themselues off and so escaped yet in their voiage homeward to Portingal the same shippe was cast away by the Cape de bona Speranza with the Pilot and all her men whereby much speech arose saying it was a iust iudgement of God against him for making so many widdowes and fatherles children whereof I will speake in another place This I thought good to set downe at large because men might see that many a shippe is cast away by the headinesse of the gouernours and vnskilfulnesse of the pilotes wherfore it were good to examine the persons before a shippe be committed vnto them specially a shippe of such a charge and wherein consisteth the welfare or vndoing of so many men together with their liues and impouerishing of so many a poore wife and child this losse happened in the month of August An. 1â—â—5 In May An. 1586. two ships laden with â—are set saile out of the hauen of Chaul in Indâ—a that belonged vnto certaine Portingalles inhabitantes of Chaul the owners being in them those shippes should haue sayled to the straites of Mecca or the â—dde sea where the said marchantes vsed to traficque but they were taken on the Sea by two Turkish Galleyes that had beene made in the innermost partes of the straites of Mâ—a by Cairo on the corner of the redde sea in a towne called Sues the sayde Galleyes began to doe great mischiefe put all the Indian marchants in great feare The same month there was a great army prepared in Goa both of Fustes and gallies such as in many yeares had not béene séene and was appointed to saile to the red sea to driue the Turkish Galleyes away or els to fight with them if they could they were also commanded by the Viceroy to winter their shippes in Ormus and then to enter into the straights of Persia lying behind Ormus and to offer their seruice to Xatamas K. of Perâ— against the Turke their common enemy thereby to trouble him on all sides if they had brought their purpose to effect but it fel out otherwise as hereafter you shall heare for Chiefe of this army there was appointed a Gentleman named Rioy Gonsalues da Canâ— who once had béene Captaine of Ormus being a very fatte and grosse man which was one of the chiefe occasions of their euill fortune and with him went the principallest soldiers and gentlemen of all India thinking to winne great honor thereby this army being ready minding to sayle to the redde sea they found many calmes vpon the way so that they indured much miserie and begunne to die like dogges as well for want of drinke as other necessaries for they had not made their account to stay so long vpon the way which is alwaies their excuse if any thing falleth out contrary to their mindes this was their good beginning and as it is thought a preparatiue to further mischiefe for comming to the redde sea at the mouth thereof they met the Turkish Gallies where they had a long fight but in y e end the Portingals had the ouerthrow escaped as well as they might with great dishonour and no little losse and the Turkes being victorious sayled to the coast of Abex or Melinde where they tooke certaine townes as Pate and Braua that as then were in league with the Portingalles there to strengthen themselues and thereby to reape a greater benefit by indamaging the Portingall and lying vnder their noses The Portingall armie hauing spedde in this manner went vnto Ormus there to winter themselues and in the meane time to repaire their armie and to heale their sicke soldiers whereof they had many and so when time serued to fulfill the Viceroyes commandement in helping Xatamas thinking by that meanes to recouer their losses being ariued in Ormus and hauing repaired their Fustes the time comming on the General by reason of his fatnes and corpulent bodie stayed in Ormus appointing Lieuetenant in his place one called Pedro Homen Pereira who although he was but a meane gentleman yet was hee a very good soldier and of great experience commanding them to obey him in all things as if he were there in person himselfe giuing them in charge as they sailed along the coast to land vpon the coast of Arabia there to punish certain pirates that held in a place called Nicola and spoiled such as passed to and fro vpon
into the Iland as there doe and they may kill them with stones and staues by reason of the gret numbers of them Now for fruites as Portingall Figges Pomgranets Oranges Lemons Citrons and such like fruites there are so many that growe without planting or setting that all the valleyes are full of them which is a great pleasure to beholde so that it séemeth to bee an earthly Paradise It hath fruite all the yeare long because it raineth there by showers at the least fiue or six times euerie day and then againe the Sunne shineth so that whatsoeuer is planted there it groweth verie well but because the Portingales are not ouer curious of new things there groweth not of al sorts of fruites of Portingall and India in that Iland for assuredly without any doubt they would growe well in that land because of the good temperature of the ayre besides this they haue so great abundance of Fish round about the Iland that it séemeth a wonder wrought of God for with crooked nayles they may take as much Fish as they will so that all the shippes doe prouide themselues of Fish of all sorts in that place which is hanged vp and dried and is of as good a taste and sauor as any Fish that euer I eate and this euery man that hath beene there affirmeth to be true And the better to serue their turnes vpon the Rockes they find salt which serueth them for their necessarie prouisions so that to conclude it is an earthly Paradise for y e Portingall shippes and seemeth to haue been miraculously discouered for the refreshing and seruice of the same considering the smalnesse and highnesse of the land lying in the middle of the Ocean seas and so far from the firme land or any other Ilands that it séemeth to be a Boye placed in the midle of the Spanish Seas for if this Iland were not it were impossible for the shippes to make any good or prosperous Viage for it hath often fallen out that some shippes which haue missed thereof haue endured the greatest miserie in y e world and were forced to put into the coast of Guinea there to stay the falling of the raine and so to get fresh water and afterwardes came halfe dead and spoyled into Portingall It is the fashion that all the sicke persons that are in the shippes and can not wel sayle in them are left there in the Iland with some prouision of Rice Bisket Oyle and some Spices for Fish and flesh they may haue enough for when the ships are gone then all the beastes which by reason of the great number of people fly into the mountaines come downe againe into the valleyes where they may take them with their handes and kill them as they list those sicke men stay there till the next yeare till other ships come thether which take them with them they are commonly soone healed in that Iland as being a verie sound and pleasant countrie and it is verie seldome seene that any of them dyeth there because they haue alwaies a temperate ayre and coole winde and alwayes fruite throughout the whoâ—â— yeare The king will not suffer any man to dwell in it because they should not destroye spoyle the countrie and holde it as their owne but will haue it common for euerie man to take what he hath neede of In time past there dwelt an Hermet in the I le who continued there for certaine yeares vnder pretence of doing penance and to vphold the Church hee killed many of the Goates and Buckes so that euerie yeare hee sold at the least fiue or sixe hundred skinnes and made great profit therof which the King hearing caused him presently to bee brought from thence into Portingall Likewise vpon a certaine time two Caâ—â—ares or blacke people of Mosambique and one Iauer with two women slaues stoale out of the shippes and hid themselues in the Rockes of this Iland which are verie high and wilde whereby men can hardly passe them They liued there together and begot children so that in the ende they were at the least twentie persons who when the ships were gone ran throughout the Iland and did much hurt making their houses dweling places betweene some of the hilles where not any of the Portingales had beene nor yet could easily come at them and therein they hid themselues vntill the shippes were gone but in the end they were perceiued and the Portingales vsed all the meanes they could to take them but they knew so well how to hide and defend themselues that in many yeares they could not be taken in the end fearing that they might in time be hurtfull vnto them and hinder them much by expresse commaundement of the King after long and great labour they tooke them all and brought them prisoners into Portingall so that at this present no man dwelleth therein but onely the sicke men as I told you before When the ships come thether euerie man maketh his lodging vnder a trée setting a Tent about it for that the trees are there so thicke that it presently séemeth a little towne or an armie lying in the fielde Euerie man prouideth for himselfe both flesh fish fruite and woode for there is enough for them all and euerie one washeth Linnen There they hold a generall fasting and prayer with Masse euerie daye which is done with great deuotion with procession and thankesgiuing and other Himnes thanking God that hee hath preserued them from the danger of the Cape de Bona Speranza and brought them to that Iland in safetie There they vse oftentimes to Carus their names and markes in trees plants for a perpetuall memorie whereof many hundredth are there to be found which letters with the growing of the trées doe also grow bigger and bigger we found names that had been there since the yeare of the Lord 1510. 1515. and euerie yeare orderly following which names stoode vpon Figge trées euery letter being of the bignesse of a spanne by reason of the age and growing of the trées This shal suffice for the description of the Iland of Saint Helena The 21. of May being Saint Helenas day and Whitsunday after we had taken in all our fresh water and other necessaries we set sayle altogether in companie and directed Th◠〈…〉 Pâ—â—ntâ—d 〈◊〉 London by â—ohn Wolfe 〈◊〉 by William Rogers THE TRVE Description of the ISLAND of 〈◊〉 lyeiâ—g 〈◊〉 by â— degrees on y e Sâ—uth syde of y e Equinoctiall lyne Printed at London by Iohn Wolfe Gâ—â—uen by William Rogers our course towardes Portingall leauing about fiftéene sicke men in the Ilande some slaues that ranne out of the ships The 26. of May in the Euening wee spake with the Saint Mary and the next day with the Gallion of Malacca the same Morning and in the after noone with the Admirall who willed vs to follow him vnto the Iland of the Ascention The same day one of our slaues fell ouer bord although we vsed all the
miles and a halfe as they come néere vnto this cape they shall perceiue it to be a high hilly land lying vnder seuen degrees and a halfe from this poynt to the Rio de Pinas or Pine trée hauen the coast runneth south west and southwest and by south and is distaunt from the poynt aforesaide foure and twenty miles which are six Spanish miles or sixe degrees and a halfe it is a high land with great hilles and dales on the sea side there groweth very great pine trees and therefore it is called the Hauen of Pine trees from thence the coast lieth southward and south and bywest to Cape de las Correntas that is the cape of Streames which is very small and reacheth into the sea and because of the great and stiffe streame that runneth like a strong fall of waters running eastward like riuers many times the Portingale ships which saile that way are forced to anker in the night and in the morning setting saile it happeneth oftentimes that when they thinke to winde that they are stayed and driuen backe agayne so hang somtimes 15. or 20. dayes about that Cape before they can passe it but passing forward beyond that Cape you come to the Island lying before the Rio de Palmas so called because of the aboundaunce of palme or Indian nut trées that do growe thereon This riuer is in compas somwhat more than fiue miles which is one Dutch mile and a mile and â— Spanish which was once inhabited it is distant from Cabo de Correntes seuentie fiue miles or foure degrees â— Thereabouts are many riuers all very good water and not farre from thence lyeth the land and riuer of Peru where Pizaâ—us arriued and after his name almost all the country is called Peru from the Iland de las Pâ—linas folowing along the coast and the same course you come to the strand of Bonauentura which is distant from the Island aforesaide somewhat more than nine miles which are two Spannish miles ¼ Hard by this strand which is very great lieth a high cliffe or rocke of stone and the entry of the Bay is vnder three degrées 1 â— All this side is full of very great hilles and there runneth into the sea many and verie great riuers that haue their springs out of the hilles by one of those the shippes enter into the land or haâ—â—n of Bonauentura but the â—ilots that puâ—â—h there ought to haue good knowledge of the riuer for that if they be not wel acquainted with it they are like to induâ—e much danger as it happeneth vnto many shippes that had Pilots to whom the riuer is not knowne from this Bay the coast runneth east and east and by south to the Island Gorgona which is distant from the strande seauenty fiue miles which are ninetéene Spanish miles the coast al along this course is very lowe full of trees and other wilde places and hilles from whence there runneth many great riuers whereof the chiefe and greatest is the riuer of Saint Iohn which is inhabited by Barbarians hauing builded their houses vppon great postes and stoopes in manner of houelles where many dwell in one house and some alone by themselues because the houses are very long and broade These Indians are rich of gold and their country is very fruitfull the riuers by force of the streames abounding with much gold but it is so sleeke and moorish that it can hardely bee gotten but with the losse of many people and with great labour This Island of Gorgona is vnmeasurable high wherein for the space of eight moneths yéerely it neuer ceaseth raining and thundering whereby it seemeth the Elements fight and striue one against the other it is in circuite about two miles or sixe Italian miles all high hilles vpon the the trees whereof are seene many peacocks phesants speckled cats great serpents many sea crabbes and night foules seeming as if it were not inhabited it hath likewise much fresh water Summer there beginneth at the end of Maie cleane contrary to Panama whereas then winter beginneth In this Iland Franciscus Pizarius with 13 others that had discouered the countrey of Peru stayed certayne days induring great paine and hunger before they coulde ouercome the countrey This country of Gorgona lieth vnder three degrees and as touching the miles that in this discourse as also in the description of Brasilia and other places I haue obserued they are all Spanish miles whereof seuenteene 1 â— make a degrée from this Iland the coast runneth west southwest to the Iland del Galâ—o or of the Cocke all this coast being lowe and full of vallies from whence there runneth many riuers this Iland is small and in compas scarse a mile or about three Italian miles it hath certayne redde Downes The same coast from the firme land thither lyeth twoo degrees from the Equinoctiall from thence the coast tourneth southwestward till you passe the point called Manglaâ—es which are trees so called and in our Card Manglalos which lieth scarce vnder two degrées and from the Island to the poynt which is sixe Spanish miles little more or lesse or foure and twenty Italian miles the coast is low and ful of vallies and thereabouts runneth certaine riuers into the sea which inwards to the land are inhabited from thence the coast runneth southwest to the strand called S. Iacob or S. Iago and maketh a greate Creeke where there is an open hauen or roade named by the Sardinians and from thence runneth the great riuer of S. Iacob where the gouernement of Pizarro began and this strand is 9. miles ¼ from the point of Manglares and it happeneth many times that the ships haue there at the beake head fourescore fadomes water and at the sterne they touch the ground and also it is often found that sometimes they sayle in two fadomes water and presently they find ninetie fadomes which the strong course and fury of the riuer causeth and although there are such banks yet are they not dangerous neither do the shippes refuse to passe in and out when they will The strand of S. Mathew in our Carde Mathias lyeth full in one degree from thence the coast runneth west to the Cape saint Francis which lieth from the strand thirtie Italian miles that is seuen Spanish miles and one halfe this poynt lieth on high ground and hard by it are certayne red and white Downes that are of the same height This poynt of saint Francis lyeth vnder one degrée on the north side of the Equinoctiall line From thence the coast runneth southweast to the poynt Passao which is the first hauen of Peru ouer the which passeth the Equinoctiall line Betweene these two poynts there runneth foure great riuers into the Sea which are called Liquixinus in Latine Quisinuae and there about there is an indifferent good Hauen where the ships finde good water and wood to burne From the poynt Passao to the firme land are diuers high hilles that are called De Quaque
which they vsed both with sailes and oares wherein they are very expert It chaunced on a time that the Peruuians bare certaine Spaniardes vpon one of those driftes and that they vntied the cordes that bound the wood thereof together whereby the Spaniardes were all drowned and the Indians saued themselues vpon the peeces of wood and many without them swamme to land as being very expert therein Their weapons are slings bowes clubbes and billes of siluer and copper also launces and pikes with heades of base golde both the menne and womeÌ„ weare many iewels their drinking cuppes and vesselles being of gold and siluer the Lorde of the Island was much honoured by his subiects and was so ielous that he cut off both the noses and priuy meÌ„bers of his seruaunts that attended on his wiues In this Island Pizarius and the Spaniards were very friendly entertained But the Gouernour perceiuing their great auarice and couetous desire in seeking for gold as also their lechery with the women fell vpon them with great numbers of Indians but in the end not being able to resist the Spaniardes he was forced to flie and keepe himselfe in the wooddes which victory was after by Pizarius most cruelly vsed and therewith passed ouer vnto the prouince of â—umbez which is about 12. miles distant but the inhabitants hauing heard of their cruelty vsed among those of Puna fled into a Castle lying somewhat inward from the sea but Pizarius to the contrary sent vnto the Gouernour making as thogh he would be friends with him whervpon the Gouernour came not alone but prepared himselfe very strong to go meete him thinking thereby to ouerthrowe him but the spaniards setting forward towards him in the night time passing ouer the riuer with their men being guided by such as were well acquainted with the way and going through sharp and rough waies they surprised the Peruuians by night as they lay sleeping and so ouercame them and after the ouerthrow entred the town of Tumbez which they robbed and spoiled the rich church taking away the same and in that towne hee was informed of the great riches in Perâ— Touching the Island Puna it is a common opinion both of the Indians Spaniards that in time past there was much golde and siluer hidden within theyr Temple Also the inhabitants at this present liuing do affirme that their forefathers were very religious and much addicted to soothsayings and other abuses very couetous and aboue all other things they vsed the accursed sin of Sâ—dome lying with their own sisters committing many other greeuous sinnes Into this Island fled brother Vincentius de Vaile viridi a Friar that was the chiefe cause of the warres against the Peruuians and after that first Bishop of Peru with two and fortie Spaniardes seeking to shunne the wrath of Didaci Almagâ—â— and hauing hidden himselfe in the night time the Ilanders with clubbes slew both him and his companye where hee receiued a very iust rewarde for his good workes In Puna and in the countries of Guaiaquil and Porto Veâ—o groweth the roote with vs called Zarzapeâ—â—â—a which is vsed against the por and other diseases In that Island they bruise it betweene two peeces of wood so presse out the iuyce which done they mixe it with warme water and giue it to the patient whereupon they sweate as much as possible they may which drincke they vse for certaine dayes eating onely a little bisket with a rosted henne in our country we vse to cut the roote in small peeces and seethe it causing the sicke person to drinke it certain dayes by this Island there lieth another but somwhat further into the sea called S Clara not that it is at this present neither was in time past inhabited as hauing neither woodde nor fresh water but onely because the predecessors of the Islanders of Puna vsed therein to bury their forefathers there offered their sacrifices y e place wherin they buried their dead was very high with whome they buried greate treasures of golde siluer other iewels as offered and layde vp for the vse and behoofe of their Gods which at the enterance of the Spaniards they caused to bee hidden no man knowing where it is become This riuer of Tumbez is greatly inhabited and in time past was much more populous by it there stoode a verie strong and beautifull Castle built by the Iugas or kings of Casco who ruled ouer all the countrey of Peru and therein kept a great treasor where there was a temple of the sunne and a couent of Maâ—aconas which is as much to say as cheefe or principall women and maides that were consecrated and appoynted for the seruice of the Temple which liued almost after the manner and custome of the Vastale virgins in Rome and were therein maintained but because these women with their seruices and works are spoken of hereafter I will for this present leaue them Touching the building of this castle it was long since destroyed yet not so wholly but that men may yet perceiue the greatnes and magnificence thereof The mouth of the Riuer Tumbez lyeth vnder foure degrees on the south side in the firme land Right ouer against Pana there are people that haue fiue or sixe of their foreteeth in the vpper gumme pulled forth some say they do it of pride and think it a beautie others say that they had their teeth pulled out as a punishment for certaine iniurie they hadde in times past doone and committed against the kings or Iugan of Pâ—ru and others say they offer theÌ„ vnto their Idols From the riuer Tumbez the coast runneth southwest to Cabo Blanco or the white Cape being distant full 11. miles and lyeth vnder three degrees and from whence it runneth west to the Island de Lobos or of â—olues betweene Cabo Blanco and the Isle de Lobos lyeth a poynt called Depaâ—na and in our Carde Pariana which reacheth almost as farre into the sea as Cabo Blanco from this pointe the coast reacheth againe southwest til you come to Parta betweene Cabo Blanco and Parta lyeth the towne of S. Michael which was the first town that the Spaniards built within Peru called Noua Castillia and was begun by Pâ—zâ—rius in the yeare of our Lord 1531. wherein also was the first Christian Church although at this time of small importance and so I wil leaue to speake thereof The whole coast from Tumbez is without hils or daies and where there are any dales they are bare only full of sand and stones and but fewe riuers issue from the coast the hauen of Pâ— lyeth beyond the Cape somwhat more then sixe miles and is a good hauen wherein they rig their ships newe tarre them being the principall staple of all Peru and of al the ships that sayle for those parts This hauen of Parta lyeth vnder fiue degrees from the Island of Wolues aforesaid thither you run east and by west which are distant three Spanish miles or
to certaine high Beecken or downe falles of water you may haue wood to burne and from those Beeckens you must crosse ouer on the other side of Guijnette where you shall presentlie sée 5. or 6. trées higher then the rest vntill you be close to the other side Those trées stand at the mouth of the riuer Chandequā on the east side the depthes you shall finde vppon those bankes are 2. ½ and thrée fadome déepe till you be on the other side for there you finde manie depthes from this place forward you néede no other aduise for the Fisher men as then will bring you where you should bee you shall passe ouer the water with halfe flood but I aduise you once againe that if you saile in the morning by the aforesaid riuer of Cayegare then runne along the coast till you come to the point das Palmerias and from thence to 17. fadome deepe frō thence holding your course northwest and northwest and by north this way must be folowed with a Compasse that yeeldeth one strike till you come to 12. fadome deepe and then running the same course till you come to 4. and three fadome and ½ wherewith if it bee cleare weather you shall presentlie see the lād of Orixa but if it be darke and mistie weather then runne no more towards the land keeping still at 4. and 3. fadome and ½ runrunning East for the leade and the depthes will bring you well in and take héede you come not into many depthes kéeping still as I saide before at the small depthes and if it bee night being at seuentéene fadome then runne towards the 2. Ilands and see you anker not for it is badde ankering there and passing by the aforesaide Punta das Palmeiras running in by night you shal then not passe aboue 7. or 8. fadome vntill it be day wherewith as then you may go in if you chance to be there with a small shippe then keepe at 2. and 2. fadome and ½ till you be in the sight of the riffe of Orixa and when you begin to be right against it then runne within the length of a great shot neere vnto for it is deepe enough and from the side of Orixa it is all banks and shallow ground The riffe aforesaid shall bee on your right hande that is to seaward from you and from thence you must make right with the Island A Ylha dos Gallos or if you will to the point of the Riuer Angelijn where you may freely sayle for there you shall find two and a halfe and thrée fadome déepe but it must bee with a small ship as I said before The 13. Chapter The course from India to the hauen of Aracan which is the same way that you hold to Porto Grande or the great hauen lying in the countrie of Bengalen SAyling from India or Cochijn to the hauen of Aracan you must holde your course to the Islande of Seylon in manner aforesaid as in the description of the course to Porto Pequeno running so to the pointe or ende of the sandes or droughtes lying full vnder 6. degrées and vppon the point of the lande which runneth East and West comming by this point or hooke you shall from thence put off from the land running 7. or 8. miles Northeastward to come out vnder the Islande and then let your course be Northeast and Northeast by North till you be vnder 12. degrées and that Manacosta be southwest from you and from thence you shall runne Northeast till you be almost vnder 20. degrées which is the height of Aracan and if then you sée no land you shall runne East vnto Aracan vnder the same height of 20. degrées thrée or four miles from the land there lyeth a riffe whervpon the water breaketh and at low water is vncouered it is in greatnesse and length about the length of seuen ships both waies and when you sée it you must take heed of it and goe no nearer then the shotte of a great peece The hauen of Aracan lyeth vnder 20. degrees and being fiue or sixe miles to seawarde from it you shall there find twentie fadome deepe sandie grounde and being at 19. degrees and ½ toward the lande you shall find deepe muddie ground at the least 6 miles from the shore and being but three or four miles from the land thirtie fadome déepe muddy ground you must be careful at 19 degrees and ½ not to runne in with the lande but do as I said before The 14. Chapter The course from India to the hauen of Martauan lying in the kingdome of Pegu with the situation of the coastes SAyling from India to Martauan or to y e kingdome of Pegu you shall hold your course till you be past the Island of Seylon as they doe that saile to Bengalen and being about the Island you shal make to the Ilands called As Ylhas d' Andemaon whereof the first Iland lyeth south vnder 11. degrées and the furthest land in the North vnder 14. degrées you runne on the East side of them Northeast and Southwest from the Ilands d' Andemaon to the firme lande are aboue 60. miles and running to Andemaon you shall vse all the meanes you can to passe by them vpon the North side and being past you must as I said before make towardes Martauan which lyeth vnder 16. degrees and when you are at 14. degrées you shall make with the lande but better at 13. degrees because of the creeke or winding in of Martauan where you finde a very strong streame alwayes drawing Northwest and if you make with the lande being at 14. degrees you shall sée many Islands which you may freely passe close by for it is all ouer very deepe for there it is 12. and 13. déepe muddie ground close by the shore besides the Island Pulo Comudo which is about 6. or 7. miles from the hauen of Martauan betweene this Island and the firme lande there lyeth many riffes notwithstanding if you chance to fall betwéene those Islandes you shall make towardes the side of the Islande but not too close where you shall find a channell of thrée fadome deep and on the side of the firme land you haue many sands and shallowes passing from thence to the hauen of Martauan being past that Iland you shall passe along the shore where you shall see certaine cliffes lying towards the sea which shew like Almadias which are Indian Scutes by them vsed in y e riuers which cliffes lie about 2 miles from Pulo Comudo towardes Martauan and right ouer against these cliffes you haue on the firme lande a point or hooke of high land and on the North side of this point there lyeth a sandie strand vpon the low land this land belongeth to Xemiin Vegarum that is in Pegu spéech the Lord of Vegarum for Xemiin is Lord and Vegarum the name of the land from thence Northward the land is high in some places hauing créekes cliffes and Islandes before you come to the
13. fadom at the end this channel by y e North Ilande of the Ilandes of Nicobar lyeth an Iland where you may passe throgh w t y t greatest shippe that is the South end of this Ilande lyeth vnder 6. degrées and ¼ and the channell aforesaid vnder 7. degrées if you go through the middle of the channell lying vnder 6. degrées you shal at the entry to the Ilands see 4. Ilands whereof thrée lie halfe a mile from the Iland two of them are great and high the other small the fourth lyeth distant from the Ilande about thrée miles and is a great round Iland flatte on the top and Northward you shall see another Iland lying vnder 8. deg the entry of this Iland hath a thicke high backe flat at the end and being in the middle of the channel you shall sée another Iland lying hard by that vnder 8. deg a flat land distant from the other about two miles from the Ilandes of Nicobar to the Northerly Ilands are about 7. miles and there you néed not feare any thing at the end of this channell the Ilande of Nicobar hath a round houell at the foote whereof lyeth an Iland I counsel you not to passe by the south side of the Ilande Nicobar thereby to kéepe your selfe out of the daunger of those of Acheiin in the Ilande of Sumatra which are continually thereaboutes and are deadly enemies to the Portingalles but rather doo your best to passe the way I spake of before although you should saile vnder 8. and ¼ or 8. degrees and ◠for you may passe without danger for they are all channelles or thorow fares being past the Ilandes of Nicobar as I said before you shall take your course towards the Iland Pulo Cuto you runne betweene Pulo Cuto and Nicobar East and West and somewhat East and by South and West and by North the course is nyne miles and lyeth vnder 6. degrees and 2 ◠to know Pulo Cuto comming out of the Sea towardes it vpon the East side thereof you shall see a high round land on the shore very low they are thrée Ilands together hauing on the South side on the furthest point of them 3. or 4. cliffes or rocks that lie vncouered on the North side an other mouth or opening running between the great Ilande the Ilande of the sea in this Ilande on the Southeast side there is a very good place to take in fresh water lying by a long point of lande you may likewise take your course frō the Ilands of Nicobar to the Ilande Pulo Pera which is a small round Iland without trees lying vnder 5. deg and ⅔ the course being about 100. miles you run East Southeast and West Northwest from Pulo Pera to the Iland Pulo Pinaon are 15. miles and are one from the other East and west somewhat East and by South West and by North. This Iland Pulo Pinaon lyeth 5. miles from the firme lande full vnder fiue degrées and ¼ the marke thereof is that it is high in the middle hauing on the North point a round houell and an Island lying in the middle way from the same Islande and comming along by the lande it hath a great creeke with a sandie strand at the end wherof lyeth an Iland where there is a place of fresh water on the South point it is lowe land making an other Iland Pulo Pinaon lyeth with Pulo Sambilaon North south there you must looke well to your selfe for frō this Ilande Pulo Pinaon there runneth a banke reaching to a point or booke of high land which runneth into the sea at the least 2 miles vpon it you shal find 5. fadome déepe somewhat more but towards the land lesse when the point aforesaid lyeth frō you east east by north then you shal see Sambilaon the course from Pulo Pinaon to Pulo Sambilaon is 22. miles and lyeth almost vnder 4. deg East West from Pulo Sambilaō 4. or 5. miles to seaward lyeth the Iland called A Ilha das Iarres which is a smal round Iland ful of trees and on the Southwest side it hath fresh water but verie little but in Pulo Sambilaon you haue very good fresh water in all the 4. Ilands thereof the greatest wherof nearest the land lyeth in the middle in the which on the North side there stādeth a houel on both sides whereof are sandie strandes wherein are fresh water likewise the other 3. Ilandes that are in the middle haue euery one vpon the east Northeast side sandie strands in the middle whereof where there is an opening you shall finde very good fresh water at the foote of a great trée by all these Ilands as well on the sea as the lande side as also through the channel running betweene them you may freely passe without feare for it is deepe enough you may anker in sight of the land at 20. 25. fadome deep If you desire to passe through the great channell of Pulo Sambilaon then you must run south south and by East to y e Islands called As Ilhas d'Aru which lie vpon the coast of y e Iland Sumatra they are 3 smal flat Ilands full of bushes and woodes and when you are within a mile of these Ilands you shall sayle southeast southeast by east east southeast till you be at 10. fadome déep towards Pulo Parcelor which is a high hill lying vppon y e coast of Malacca shewing far off to be an Iland it standeth in a flat land whereby the land is not seene vntill you be full vpon it frō Pulo Parcelor to y e point called Cabo Rachado that is the clouen point lying ful vnder 2. degr ½ you saile to Malacca East southeast West Northwest along y e coast forwarde it is altogether a countrie full of points and houels but high and being in the middle way betweene Cabo Rachado and Malacca you shall presently discouer the Ilands that lie about halfe a mile from Malacca close by the land The 17. Chapter To saile from Pulo Sambilaō or through the great channel to Malacca SAiling from Pulo Sambilaon to the Ilandes As Ilhas de Aru lying on the coast of the Island Sumatra you shal hold your course south for the space of 13. miles whereby you shal come vpon y e banke so that it is all one to saile from Pulo Sambilaon running southward as from the Iland das Iarras that is the Iland of pots southeast southeast by south for you come out al at one place whē the Ilands de Aru lie west west and by North from you then cast out your leade and you shal finde sandy ground frō thence you shal hold your course southeast stil casting out your lead finding 10. fadome kéeping the same course til you be at 13. fadom muddie ground you shal runne southeast southeast and by east but finding 16. 17. fadome sandie ground then winde towards
southward and thē againe come Eastward out making the forme of an arme from the said point of Taniamburo to the mouth or entrie of this straight the course is 5. miles East West at 7. and 8. fadome déepe Hee that will passe through Sincapura to China passing by Pulo Picon in the beginning of y e month of Iuly he must go néere to the side of the great Iland Carymon because y e winds of the Monson of Iaua which are at y e time doe alwaies blow from the south side of Sumatra likewise when you keepe by the side of Carimon and being past it you presently haue the mouth or entrie of the straight open vnto you with y e marks aforesaid in this way you find manie depths passing along by Taniamburo thē the land of y e entrie to the straightes sheweth as if the one ran through the other which is a common and certaine marke but hold you to loofeward the better to enter at your plesure This first straight at y e entry hath two riffs on each side one which come from the point or hooke of the land the land on the south side from the entry thereof is altogether Ilands reaching a whole line eastward which make the straight to enter therin you must kéepe neerer the south side then the other at your first entrie you shall finde 12.10 9. fadom deepe and being so far in that the land on the South side which are Ilands make but one point then on the other side before you you shall see a hooke or point whereon there standeth a small red Houell which when you see then you shall turne from the right hand towards that smal Houell because it is the first Iland which you then haue past from that Iland forward there beginneth an other Iland between these two Ilands lieth a Riffe or Sand which with a low water is part vncouered reacheth into the middle of y e chanell where you must run with the Lead continually in your hand which will shew you where you are comming to the point aforesaid of the small Houell then put to the land on the right side which is Ilands as I saide before for it hath only betweene the Iland aforesaid the said Riffe and then you shall run Eastward about halfe a mile with the saide depth of 8. and 9. Fadome from thence forward y e row of Ilands whereby you sayle reach South Eastward and presently somewhat further on the right hand of the same Iland you shall see a round Iland running a little out from the other which will bee vpon your right hand by the which you shall passe along with good watch there you shal finde 8. and 10. fadome deepe muddie ground The land on the left hand which is the North side is Creeks and open ground and hath a great Creeke which turneth towards the South on the which side lyeth an other round Iland that is on the same side from you you shall kéepe from this North side which is nothing but Creekes for they are all full of Riffes and shallowes running as I said before along by the Ilands on the right hand comming by the aforesaid round Iland on the right hand at the end of the row of Ilands whereby you passe you shal sée a smal flat Iland with afew trées hauing a white sandystrand which lieth east and west with the mouth of y e straight of Sincapura which you shal make towards when you beginne to come néere it then the straight beginneth to open discouer it selfe you may sayle neere it and wind about like a bow so to auoid the riffes shallowes of the North side as also not to fal towards y e south side of the mouth of the straight with the ride that runneth ther for you haue many depths and foule ground you must alwaies hold on y e North side where there is a sandie strand of the length of the shotte of a great péece at the end thereof making the forme of a sandy Bay where you find fresh water as farre as that strand runneth it is all along faire ground to Anker in if need be and cōming to this strand you haue the streame that driueth you along by the land towards the mouth of y e straight which you haue not passing further frō then◠for then they driue you towards the déepe and foule ground lying on the South side thereof as aforesaid once againe I aduise you not to passe frō the end of the strand to the north side for it is altogether Riffes and shallowes as aforesaide The mouth or entrie of this straight entreth betwéene two high hils being as broad as a man may cast a stone and reacheth Eastward is in length about the shot of a great péece y e chanel of this straight hath in length 4. fadome and ½ déepe in the entrie at the foote of the hil on the North side there lyeth a stone Cliffe which sheweth like a Piller this is cōmonly called of all nations that passe by it the Varella of China on the South side a good way from the mouth therof it maketh a créeke in the midle wherof lyeth a Cliffe vnder water from the which there runneth a banke towards the middle of the chanel somwhat further on the same side the length of a small shot it hath an opening which runneth through on the other side into the Sea making an Iland this opening is shallow all ouer seruing only for smal Foists to passe through in the middle of this Créeke where this opening is lieth a Cliffe or stonie place two fadome vnder water which stonie place commeth so far without the Créeke as the point of the land reacheth and somewhat more towards the midle of the chanell being past this Creek the land hath a hooke of a houell faling downward where the straight endeth in passing about this there is a rounde Houel by the which you haue déepe and faire ground when you haue past about it y e land from thence reacheth southeast on the North side of this straight from the beginning to the end there are thrée Créeks whereof the two first are small the third great it is situate right ouer against the hooke or point of y e red Houel where the straight endeth this thirde Creeke hath a stonie banke which at a lowe water after a spring tide is vncouered reacheth frō the one point to the other you must be carefull not to fall vpon it all that which lieth on the North side and without y e Créeke all ouer the chanell from the one point to the other is faire ground without danger In y e issuing of the straight beeing without it you haue two Riffes whereof the one lieth right ouer against the issuing of the straight about the shot of a great péece towards y e East cōming from the land on the north side
about 4. miles you shall hold your course to the Hauen along by the Iland that lieth on the coast keeping to seaward or halfe a mile from it for it is all faire and good ground at 6 and 7. fadome deepe and so you shall runne along to the end therof and being there about a mile southeastward you shall sée a small Iland full of trees which you shall leaue on the southeast side running inward from it right to a high pointed hill that standeth within the land and when you begin to come néere it then you shall see the houses of the towne which lieth along by the strand and there you may anker at 4. and 3. fadome as you thinke good for it is all muddie ground and if you desire to runne into the Hauen through a Channell which passeth betweene the great Iland and the high land of Sunda you may well doe it alwaies running along by the land vntill you be by the Hauen for you shall leaue the Iland aforesaid and six Ilands more that are somewhat further to seaward but you finde but two fadome and ½ stonie ground wherefore the way passing about is the best as I said before The 26. Chapter The course from the Hauen of Bantam to the Hauen Calapa called Sunda Calapa both lying on the north side of the Iland Iaua Maior SAyling from the Hauen of Bantam to Sunda Calapa you should holde your course betweene the little Iland and the Iland lying right ouer against the crooked point because the streames runne towardes the Channell or straights sayling about the shot of a great peece from all the Ilands or along by them for it is all good way at fiue and sixe fadome deepe muddie ground because that froÌ„ the hooke of the bow or crooked point there runneth a great banke or sand and being about this hooke you shall run 6. or 7. fadome deepe till you be a good mile from it for from this crooked point to another that lieth on the same land it is altogether bankie shallow sandie ground and to seaward from this point lyeth a long Iland called Pulo Tunda and three or foure miles Eastward from thence there lieth a whole row of Ilands both great and small which are al vnder the same course at the end of those Ilands which are foure one great and thrée smal they are ioyned together with Riffes and along by those Riffes you shall finde twentie foure twenty fiue fadome deepe and you shall leaue al those Ilandes standing on a row to seaward from you from the point aforesaid called the crooked hooke All the coast vnto Calapa runneth East and somewhat East and by south you runne along by it at 7. and 8. fadome for if you put further to seaward then the streames run too stiffe towards the straight or the channell that runneth outwardes betweene Iaua and Samatra which is against you and is of manie depthes â—oure miles froÌ„ the crooked hooke or point forward then the coast hath another point of land where right ouer against it about a mile to seaward from it there lieth a round Iland but you must not passe betweene it and the land for it is very shallow stonie ground only small fusts may passe through it but you shall runne about halfe a mile to seaward from it for it is all along nothing but stones a little mile beyond this Iland there is another Iland and then yet a little further close by there lyeth another little Iland from these two Ilandes a mile southeastward close by the land there lyeth two other Ilands betwéene the two first Ilands and these two Ilands there is a channell of 6. or 7. fadome deepe which passing through you shall runne nerest to the Ilands that lie most to seaward if you will not passe through then run about to seaward from them at 12.13 and 15. fadome déepe from this long Iland northward endeth the Ilands that lie to seaward hauing the Riffs as I said before and make a mouth or opening of a channel of a great mile long you shall here run nearest to the Ilandes that lye closest to the land for that running by to the Ilands that lie to seaward you shall presently sée the Riffes which with a low water are most part vncouered being past this long Iland the other that lieth the shot of a great péece from it as also the two that lie further forward the land of the coast that hath the point then somewhat beyond this point 4. other Ilands betwéene the which and the land you may by no meanes passe a small mile further eastward there lieth other 4. Ilands two and two together at the end whereof to seaward there is a white saÌ„d that alwaies lieth vncouered all these Islandes you shall leaue on your right hand on the land side and being on the south side somewhat past this white sand you shall sée two high hils within the land which lie east west one from the other at the foote of the east hill lieth the hauen of Calapa where you shall anker if you wil enter into the hauen being past the foresaid sands an Iland that lyeth from thence toward the land then there wil foure Ilandes lie southeastward from you which teach towards the land another close by he land then you shal take heed of a sand lying north east close by the hauen which you may alwaies see and when it is high water it is washed away by the flood you shal runne towardes these Islandes which lie to seaward from the hauen béeing day time to shunne the droughtes aforesaid The 27. Chapter The course from the Iland Pulo Timon to the Hauen of Sunda in the Iland of Iaua Maior FRom the Iland of Pulo Timon you run to the Iland of Binton to a point of land that from the same Iland runneth almost Eastward into the sea south Southeast and North Northwest and hard by this point lieth certaine Riffes of small rockes and cliffes and on the north side of this point it hath an opening or mouth wherein there lieth a great Iland with two hilles and a vallie in the middle and along by this point lesse then halfe a mile from the land there are eight fadome deepe of flatte and cleare sandy ground and hath no foulenes but the stone Cliffes Rockes that lie close by the land from this point aforesaid of the Iland of Binton to the Southeast point of the Iland Pulo Panion which hath an Iland lying to seaward from it you runne Southeast and Northwest Southeast and by east and Northwest and by West betweene this Iland Pulo Panion and the Iland of Binton lieth an opening which in the middle way hath two flat small Ilands full of trées and if you cannot passe Pulo Panion on the east side then you may passe inward betwéene it and the land it hath fiue and sixe fadome déepe good
ground and you need feare nothing but that you sée before you This Iland of Pulo Panion lieth close to the land of Binton and if you fortune to be so neare the land that you may not passe by it on the sea side then you must runne to the northwest point where there lieth a rouÌ„d Iland which you shall leaue on the side of the Iland not running betwéene it and the Iland but round about it close to the land for it is faire running so inward along by the Ilands as I said before on the southeast point of this Iland Panion there lieth many Ilands and Cliffes and two miles Southeastward from it lieth a round Iland full of trées you shall passe betwéene these two Ilands towards the Iland of Linga which is a faire cleare way and sea and if you chance to be by this aforesaid mouth or opening then you shall runne on your course outward about the Iland for it is good way from this round Iland or two miles southward lieth a stonie Riffe about the length of the shot of a great péece and hath but one Rocke that is vncouered yet you may sée the water breake vpon them which you must shun From this Iland to the end of the Ilandes of the land of Linga lying close on the East side of the same Iland you shall holde your course South and South and by East and runne Southward outward alwaies along the Ilandes which shall lie Westward from you and when you haue sayled twelue miles you shall sée right before you on the Southwest side a small round Iland lying to Seaward somewhat distant from the rest which is almost of forme like the Iland das Iarras lying by Malacca and foure miles before you come at it you shall sée two other smal round Ilands lying along by the land and seperated from the rest but not far and when you are as farre as the first round Iland béeing cleare weather then you shall sée the high land of the Island of Linga lying West Southwestward from you aboue or beyond the Ilandes whereby you passe which are all low houels and vallies and in this sort you shall runne along by the Ilands comming about thrée miles beyond the round Island you shall sée a small Island somewhat distant from the land which at the first sheweth like two Cliffes and there the land hath a point from thence running inwards making a créeke called a Enseada de Linga and when you are as farre as this small Island then West Northwestward you shall sée the high land of Linga which sheweth like two high rockes or hils seperated from each other and reach North and South that in the North hauing two toppes like a Hares eares and Westward you shall sée another Land which maketh a high crooked ridge somewhat stéepe downeward In all this way to the aforesaid round Iland you shall finde seauentéene and eightéene fadome déep hard and faire ground to the point or end of these Islands and by it you shall haue twentie eight fadome and comming by this point where you discouer the land lying West Southwest from you to goe to Pulo Pon which is an Island distant from Linga 8. miles on the North side hauing two small Ilandes and when you are on the Northeast side it séemeth to be round with a sharpe hill in the middle and from the Southeast side it sheweth two Hilles with a Vallie in the middle as in effect it is then you must runne South Southwest and being thrée or foure miles forward you shal sée the Iland of Pulo Pon lie before you in it you haue fresh water and round about it is fayre ground when you see it you shall make towards it on the West side and halfe a mile from it you shall finde 15. fadome deep and being by it runne South and south and by East with the which course you shall sée the hill of Manopijn lying vppon the point of the Islande Banca where the straight of Palimbon beginneth and the seuen Ilands called Pulo Tayo shall lie southeastwarde from you which are distant from Pulo Pon 7 miles and if in this way you find your depthes to be aboue ten fadom then you are on the East side and hauing ten fadome then you are 6. or seuen miles from Banca and finding 8. fadome you shall not be long before you sée the land of Sumatra and as soone as you sée Manopijn then runne within two miles thereof before you enter into the straight or channell in the same manner holding your course to the mouthes or créekes of Palimbon towards the coast of Sumatra shunning a great créek lying Northwest froÌ„ y e mouthes of PalimboÌ„ vpon y e same coast of Sumatra which hath a verie great hauen and entrie whereby many shippes haue béene deceyued that entred therein it hath no shallowes and presently as you passe along the coast you shall sée the lande thereof stretching south southwest from thence forwarde you holde your course to Sunda as in the voyage from Malacca to Sunda and Iaua is alreadie set down therfore it is not necessarie to rehearse it againe The 28. Chapter The course along the coast of Sumatra fâ—oÌ„ the outside beginning at the fâ—rthest point lying vnder fiue degrees on the North side of the Equinoctiall to the straight of Sunda and so to the Islande Iaua Maior with the situation of the coasts BEing by the furthest point or ende of the Island of Sumatra on the out side then you must runne south along the coast it is a very high and pleasant country to behold with many great créekes and Bayes along by the coast From this first further point called Achein 12. miles forward to another point that reacheth into the sea the coast runneth South and from thence to the sands called Os Baixos de Tristan de Tayde that is the sandes of Trystan de Tayde you must runne along the coast Southeast and southeast and by south the course is fiftie miles by these Ilandes of Tristan de Tayde there are many sandes and shallows that lie round about them on the west Northwest and North sides with many Ilandes and Cliffes on the same sides these Ilandes aforesaid are somewhat like the Ilandes of Pulo Sambilon lying on the coast of Malacca to seawarde from these Ilands of Tristan de Tayde there lyeth 2. Ilandes called Ilhas d'Ouro that is the gold Ilandes whereof the nearest lyeth at the least 10 or 12. myles distant the other 12. or 13. miles further into the sea they lie vnder two degrées and ½ on the North side of the Equinoctiall line from thence you runne to the straight of Sunda hauing many Ilandes all along as you passe as first thrée Ilands lying vnder a degrée and a halfe on the southside of the Equinoctiall East and West from these Ilands lyeth a point vppon the coast of Sumatra called Cabo das Correntes that is the point of the streame because
east west with the south Iland of Lampacon and betwéen it Lampacon there is no other hinderance but onely the great stony cliffe aforesaid you shall run by the southeast point of this Iland leauing it on the Northwest side passing through the channell that runneth betwéene it and another Iland that lieth westward and being through it theÌ„ you are in the channel which comming from the sea runneth to the mouth or entrie called the Hares eares northward and from the channell westward lieth the way to Macau I set not down this course for that I haue shewed it in an other place in the Nauigation from Malacca to China if you passe betwéen these Ilands you must alwaies run with the lead in your hand to find the depthes From Macau â— miles northeastward lieth a very great and high Iland with a very high sharp point which lieth in the greatest mouth or entry of the riuer of CantoÌ„ through the which y e great Iuncoâ— that is the Spanish shippes for marchandise doe passe where our ships I meane the Portingals may likewise passe through and on the West point of this Iland halfe a mile southward lieth certaine stone Cliffes betwéen the which and the Iland it is al déep faire ground as also along by the Iland on the south side beyond these stony cliffes to seaward there lieth certaine smal Ilands and beyond these Ilands somewhat further to seaward there lieth other great Ilands but you must not passe betwéene the aforesaid stony cliffes and the small Ilands but betwéen the smal the great Ilands you may fréelie passe without feare From Macau 4. miles southeastward lieth a great and high Iland being deuided in â— parts by a small running water out of the sea a farre off sheweth like a ship hauing neither trees nor bushes and halfe a mile from thence towardes the land there is an other long Iland with trees in the middle of the channel between these 2. Ilands in the entrie thereof on the side of Macau lyeth a rock or cliffe which the water washeth ouer which you must shunne for all the rest is fair and good way From this great Iland that deuideth it self in 2. parts 6. miles Eastsouth east lyeth an other long high Iland with a very black shining wood of trees called ToÌ„quion and froÌ„ thence half a mile to seaward lieth a row of 10. or 12. Ilands or cliffes you must run betwéene them and the land where it is faire ground or if you will you may passe outward to sea from all the Ilands from this Ilande aforesaid to the land about a myle or thereabouts distant from it lyeth an other low long Iland with trees in the middle of the channell betwéene these 2. Ilands there lieth an Iland or cliffe and an other by the Iland that lieth by the land betwéen this cliffe in the middle of the channell the Iland that lieth to seaward it is déepe faire and on the Eastnortheast point of the Iland to seaward on the land side there is a small créeke or bay where there is a good harbar for the Monson of the south winds and there is likewise good fresh water rouÌ„d about this Iland Tonquion it is all faire ground but turning again to the great Iland with the sharpe pointed top lying in the mouth of the Riuer of Canton from the west point of the same Iland â— or 8 miles eastsoutheast lieth a great high long Iland which reacheth northwest Southeast is altogether without trées or bushes from the Southeast point of the same Iland half a mile to seaward lyeth an other round high Iland and the channel that runneth between them is faire and good on the northeast side of this great Iland from the middle thereof to the land there lieth 2. or 3. long cloueÌ„ Ilands or rockes close by of a reddish earth without any trees betwéene the Northwest end of the aforesaid Iland the land runneth a smal channel through the which the small Bancoins which are the Chinish barkes or lighters doe passe From Canton to the aforesaid Ilande the water maketh a gulfe or créeke through this Countrie you passe when you come from Iapon From this round Iland from the mouth that is betwéene both 7. myles Eastnortheast the land hath a point with a high and eueÌ„ land vpon it ful of black shinning bushes hauing on the Westsouthwest side a still stéepe land and on the Eastnortheast side it is all Valleyes From this land there runneth a poynt into the sea and right against this point about the length of a harquebuse shot there lyeth a great long Iland reaching as the coast doth The channell betwéene this point and the Iland aforesaid is scarse 3. fadome déep within the poynt towardes the land on the Westsouthwest syde there are many and good roads to anker for the Monson of China at 7. 8. fadome déepe muddie ground I haue layne there at anker comming from the Iland of Iapon came through the aforesaid smal channel here al the Ilands called As Ilhas de Canton or the Ilands of Canton do end this way from the 2. aforesaid Ilands to this poynt or hooke of land maketh a golfe by meanes of the great Creeke al this crosse way is faire and good and when it is any hard wether then there goeth a verie hollow water speciallie close by the Channel of the two Ilandes From this poynt of the land aforesaid and the poynt of the Iland 6. miles along by the coast lieth a creeke with certaine Ilands and cliffes in the mouth thereof on the eastnortheast side which are good defence against stormes foule wether there you haue victuails other necessaries and being â— miles to seaward there lieth a stony rocke or cliffe y t a farre off sheweth like a shippe vnder sayle lying vnder 22. degr ½ this coast along by the sea is sandie strand inward béeing a high land it reacheth eastnortheastward to a point of land lying fifteene myles from the poynt Lamon you may anker al ouer and is in distance to this point of land 18 miles you must vnderstand that from the countrie lying at the end of the Ilands of Canton to the Iland Lamon 18. miles to seawarde there lyeth certaine sandes and riffes of red saÌ„d which at low water are vncouered in the which place all the fishermen of that country do meete all the aforesaid sandes and riffes are close without any channell or passage from the aforesaid point of land lying fifteene miles from the Iland Lamon to the Enseada dos Camoriins that is the creeke of Garnaet by the Chinaes called Caiâ—to lying full vnder 25 degrees and ½ you run along the coast northeast and southwest and northeast and by north and southwest and by south without all the points and hookes it is in course 86. miles and turning againe to the point from thence to Lamon are 15. miles and 10 miles from the
Northeast and Northeast and by East From the point of Lialoo two miles forward lyeth a flat Island about halfe a mile distant from the land and another halfe mile further forward lyeth two Islands by each other somewhat closer to the land and hard by them is a Riuer at the mouth thereof hauing a sandie strand with low land into this Riuer runneth the Somas or Chinish Shippes that goe to the Towne of Enon which lyeth within the same where you haue much Marchandises of China on the coast seuen or eight miles further There lyeth the point of Chencheu which is a high and bare land of white and reddish colour reaching somewhat inward to sea on the Northeast side it hath a small Bay and aboue it a verie high steepe land in this Créeke lyeth a great Island betwéene the which and the point of land you may put in from this Island a harquebush shot in length northeastward lyeth a stonie place of ground halfe a fadome déepe vnder the Water and Northwestward from the said Island betwéene it and the land lyeth another stone and on the land side by this Island you haue a good harber to anker in I haue laine in this Hauen somewhat neerer to the Island then to the land with two Iuncos which are great Chinish Shippes each of them being of fiue hundred or sixe hundred Bhares Indian waight which is aboue a hundred and eightie tunnes and ranne in along by the point Beyond this point of land at y e vpper part lyeth a great Towne and North Northeast from this Island there lyeth two long clouen Islands of redde colour but they haue no faire ground nor anie harber two miles before you come to this point of Chencheu inward to land towards Chencheu there is a hill like to Monte Fermoso or the faire hill this Hill lyeth distant from Chencheu thirtéene miles in this countrey sixe or seuen miles from the land you haue certaine boyes lying with coloured feathers and flagges which serue for the countrey fishermen where they cast their Nets and the Somâ—s of that Countrey which are the Chinish Caruels haue â—un ouer it with one saile onely without any other furniture From the point of Chencheu seuen miles further on the Southwest end of the Island by the Portingales called Ilha dos cauallos that is the Island of Horses and by the Chinares called Tachoo hauing the name of a great Towne so called not farre from thence about two miles along the riuer within the land this Island lieth in the coast coÌ„passed about with an arme of the Sea like the Island of Goa in India which arme of the Sea issueth out againe about fiue miles further in the same coast which issue or mouth is called Puysu The first mouth from the Southwest may be about halfe a mile broad and from the point of the Island inward about halfe a mile there is good anker ground against the windes of the Monson of China at ten and eleuen fadome faire ground you must shunne the Southwest land which is low and sandy strands and is all ouer blackish and shallow ground for I haue run inward round about this Island it hath many shallowes and there is a channell the déepest part whereof is but two fadome if you desire to put in there it were good to haue one of the Country-men for a Pilote I entered the mouth thereof from the Northeast which is the narrowest and shallowest place and hath a hidden stony cliffe lying vnder the water close by the side of the Island about the shot of a great peece inward towards the point From this stony cliffe to the point many Shippes may anker and both these Hauens are without droughts or shallowes and the coast betwéene them both from the one mouth vnto the other hath some redde downes and bare land but is all along faire ground A mile from this mouth Northeastward to Seaward lyeth a small Island and from the moneth of Aprill to September there are many beastes pastured in this Island as horses and such like wherevpon the Portingales called it the Island of Horses as aforesaid from the mouth of Puysu of the saied Island of Horses eight miles forward by the coast there is a great thicke point of land with manie bushes vpon it Close by this point lyeth a great round Island whereof the chanell betwéene them is small yet very cleare where if néede bee you may passe through from the point aforesaied to the Southwest it is a high land with bushes and from thence to the Sea it hath a great gréene field or plaine and along by this gréene field it is very good ankering against the winds of the monson of China another ground vpon the aforesayed point of land there is a great Towne called Pinhay From this point of Pinhay fiue miles along the coast lyeth the Hauen of Foquyen which hath a great Rode and is all thicke land with bushes and inward on the Southwest part it hath a great round Island with blacke shining bushes and beyond this Iland inward lieth the mouth of the riuer on the which lieth a verie great towne compassed with mightie walles and towers and hath a Bridge running out from the land whereunto the shippes that stay there are commonly tyed the entrie is faire and cleare From this Hauen of Foqueyen fiue miles lyeth a Créeke by the Portingales called Enseada dos camoroyns that is the Créeke of Gannaet and by the Chinars called Cayto in this way lyeth certaine small and high Islandes without any trées or bushes about three great miles from the land inward to the Sea and betwéene it and them it is all ouer full of Riffes and stonie Cliffes and in some places it sémeth to haue Channels or throughfares for I went through it with a Pilot of the countrey you must shunne this Island and from the end of this Island two miles forward there is a point of great thicke land wholly without any bushes or trées and at the end of each mile West Northwestward there lyeth two Islands and on the Southwest side of this point there is a good harbour for the windes of the monson of China hauing faire sandie ground but it hath the winde verie scant to runne about without the Ilandes for the which cause wée ranne betweene them but it is not good for our shippes On the other side Northeastward from this point aforesaid close by the lande lyeth a small high Island stretching Northwest and Southeast the Channell betweene this Island and the Firme land being the shot of a great péece in breadth at thrée fadome deepe most part stonie ground in such manner that as soone as you let fall anker the ropes and Cables are presently cut in péeces by the sharpe stones This channell can not bée séene farre off and this Island hath on the land side a small créeke or Bay and if you come thither by hard fortune as I did you shall put in there
close by the Island and so néere it that you shall touch the strand with the kéele of your shippe to anker in the depthes of the hard ground for if you anker in the Sea your Cables will presently be cut in péeces as mine were This point lyeth hidden vnder a point from thence Northeast and Northeast and by East the land hath another point lying about a mile and a halfe distant from the other aforesaide making betwéene them both a certaine Gitte From this Island and point about halfe a mile East Northeast lieth a Riffe whereon you see the water breake reaching Northwest and Southeast and about halfe a myle long from this Riffe to the Northeast point of the aforesaid Créeke it is about a mile all the rest of the Créeke is faire and cléere This is the Créeke called Enseada dos Camarouis the Rode thereof is vnder the harbour of the Northeast point aforesaid for it is good for the time of the windes of the Monson of China for such shippes as come from Liampon Iapon to put in there you must goe néere the land before you come at the point and runne along by it till you haue gotten about the point and are ankered within it there it is verie good muddie ground by this Northeast point so that the Riffe will be Southwestward from you therefore you shall put neare the point of the lande not to fall vpon the Riffe from this Créeke forward to the point of Sumbor lying vnder 28 degrées and ¼ you runne along the coast Northeast and Northeast and by North without the aforesaid Island and the point of the saide Créeke and from the créeke twelue and thirtéene miles the land hath a point and from thence it runneth inwards North Northwest and somewhat further Northeast and Northeast and by North out againe Two myles from thence lyeth thrée Ilands by each other two great and high and one small béeing all faire ground round about but wholly without any Rode or succour to defend the shippes in foule weather These Islands are called Canton Sion all this coast of Enseada dos camarouis to these Islands and Hooke aforesaide is altogither lowe land with houels and valleyes with euen bushes and along by it it is both faire and calme Sea and pleasant ground In this Countrey in the middle way from Enseada dos Camarouis to the Ilands of Canton Sion about thrée myles to Sea-warde there lyeth two Islandes by each other and the Island lying nearest the land hath a great high hill in the middle which runneth stéepe downe to the endes of the Island they haue neither Trées nor Bushes within them being faire and cleare round about them From the Islandes of Canton Sion forward the Lande and Coast reacheth inwards ten miles from thence that is to say two miles from the land lyeth 2. high and great Islands nigh adioyning each to other without Trees or bushes reaching as the coast doth whereof the first lying on the Southwest side is very long and that on the North side is in manner of a triangle and the Channell separating them is little more in breadth than a man can cast a stone but déepe and faire for I haue passed through it and harde by the Northeast point of the first long Island which commeth out by the other there is a sandie Bay close by the which there is a verie good Rode for this Sandie baye hath defence for all windes and because it is like a Hauen it is by the Chinars called Pudeon that is a Sacke From this Sandie Bay about the shot of a great Peece Northwest lyeth a well of verie great depth therefore you must be carefull in entring the Créeke where you haue verie good ground at fiue and sixe fadome déepe In this Créeke or sandie Bay there is very good fresh water as also right ouer against it on the other side of the Island there is a great place of fresh water The channell betwéene these Islandes and the Firme land is all faire and deepe as also to Seaward from thence on the Northwest part of the land of this Hauen aforesaid there is another Hauen called Fuychon which is a riuer but with a small entry béeing in breadth about halfe the length of the shotte of a great peece with cleare and déep ground from the mouth inwardes there is good water running a great way into the land and all faire If you desire to goe in there and to anker you must gouerne your course by the Lead and the depthes This Baye hath many townes and villages lying along by the riuer From the aforesaid first Island fiue or sixe myles Southward to Seaward lieth two small Islandes halfe a myle distant each from other they are both without trées or any bushes the Island on the Land side is flat and that to Sea-ward is very high and hath a Créeke but verie small and onely with a Northwest wind it is harbourlesse the entrie is verie straight being round within with good and pleasant ground This Island in forme is like a Horse shooe for from the inner side of the Creeke towards the outside to Seaward it may be the length of a bow shot in the breadth of the Island both these Islands are small From this Hauen of Pudeon fiue miles along the coast there lyeth two Ilands whereof the first is long reaching like the coast the other reacheth from off the land towards the Sea for betwéen it and the land you can not passe The point of this Island reacheth beyond the Northeast point of the aforesaid long Iland that lyeth to Sea-ward betwéene them both is a small Channell but faire and déepe all along and round about this Iland as well inward as outward From this Island to the land it is good muddie ground at foure fadome and is a good Hauen for the Monson of China but wholly open for a Southwest wind with the which wind I there lost two Iuncos which are Chinish shippes This Hauen is called Guotimony Before you come within two myles of this Hauen vpon the coast there lyeth two Créekes close togither which runne about a myle into the land and are aboue the shot of a great Péece in breadth but are not fit for our ships The ground therabout is faire and inward it hath a village From this Hauen of Guotimony seuen or eight myles Eastward lieth a verie great and high Island on the South side hauing thrée or foure smal Ilands close to it it lieth about seuen or eight miles from the land and a good way from the other Ilands on the Northwest side it hath two Créekes hard by each other whereof that in the Northeast is the safest with good and faire ground reaching about halfe a mile inwards within it hauing good fresh water with a Sandie Bay where they draw vp their ships to mend and dresse them when néed requireth it is all faire round about onely you must not run betwéene
the small Islands the Island This Island is called Lanquyn From this Island Lanquyn fiue miles North and North and by East there are many Ilandes lying togither both great and small with some Trées but thinne and lowe reaching along the coast about ten myles forward the first lie close by each other to Seaward vpon a row The channels betwéene these ilands are thrée fadome deepe some lesse muddie ground if you haue occasion to séeke for succour in that place with the windes of the monson of China you may anker in the mouthes of those Channels where you may lie safe but in those Monsons or coniunctions of times there is no foule weather in the course of the generall windes you shall not passe from this first rowe of Islands lying to Seaward to the land for it is all bankie ground full of Sandie places for the déepest place is but two fadome On the Northeast side inward from these Islands there are two other Islands lying along by the Lande which reach Northeast and Southwest whereof the Southwest Island is greater and higher then that to Landward The Channell betweene them is déepe and faire muddie ground The ground of the issue on the Northeast side of this Channell is all Corall and Kesell stone hauing many Ilands and stonie cliffes Here the streams runne strongest with the Monsons of the winde A mile or more Eastward from these two Islands there is a good and faire sea and ground it is verie dangerous to passe with great ships betwéene these Ilands for you can not passe On the Lande right against these Ilands there is a Hauen called Hunchon and the Islandes are called Lyon From this first Island of Lyon to the point of Sumbor are about thirtéene miles and you runne as aforesaid Northeast and Southwest These islands reach within three miles of the point of Sumbor but in the middle way they are lesse and more distant from each other and before you come néere the point of Sumbor by sixe miles there is an Island of Reddish earth with two hilles like two men and in the middle there is a valley which reacheth Northwest and Southeast On the Southeast side it hath a good Hauen for the windes of the Monson of China This Iland is a good marke for them that come from Iapon The point of Sumbor reacheth a great way into the sea it is a thicke land with a high rising backe it hath on the end of the Southwest point close by a long and high Island and from the Northeast point of this Island lyeth an Island or Cliffe making betwéene this Island and the aforesaid point a verie narrow channell where the countrey shippes do passe through inwardes from the Southwest side and from the Island the land maketh a great Créeke which in compasse is about foure great miles two miles from the point Southwestward there lieth two or thrée small Islands As you come outward to these Islands there is déepe and faire ground but from thence to the point and all ouer the Créeke it is all shallowe so that at lowe water it is drie and you may sée the muddie ground vpon the plaine of the aforesaid point on the southwest side there is a great towne where they haue many great Barkes that are made with Orloopes and nayled wherof some are 200. Bhares great On the Northeast side of this point there is a Créeke running inward to the Land at this point of Sumbor the Land maketh an end or Hooke that lieth vnder 28. degrées and ¼ From this point foure miles to Seaward East Northeast there lieth two great Ilands without any trées or bushes whereof the first reacheth East West and from the East point of this Island the other beginneth which reacheth North and South the Channell betwéen them both may be a shot of a great péece broad déepe and faire This Island which reacheth East and West on the East end hath a point sticking out towardes the North in the which point there is a small Créeke of fiue or sixe fadome déepe faire ground where you may harbour in all weathers except it be with a Northwest wind The North Island on the West point hath two Islands lying on a rowe whereof the one is great the other small and some what long betwéene the which and the Island you may passe with small shippes and round about these Islands it is faire ground In this Island you haue verie good fresh water and they are called Timbasam From these Islands a mile and a halfe or two miles Northward there lieth two other small Islandes which reach East southeast West Northwest wherof the one is greater and longer than the other they lie close togither the channell betwéene them is faire déepe with harbor against North Northeast Southwest windes for I haue laine there at anker with a great storme From this point of Sumbor to Liampo you passe without the Islands North Northeast and South Southwest and the coast all high ground and from this point of Sumbor fiue or sixe miles along by the coast within the land there is a high stony Rocke which sheweth like a Monkies coule in the Island Seylon called O Capello de Frade beyond this Friers coule or stonie rocke other sixe myles forward lyeth the Hauen of Chaposy which is a Riuer of fresh water and inward it hath a great Towne lying vpon it where likewise there is a fléet of the country shippes continually kept for the security and safegard of the coast The knowledge and right tokens of this Hauen are that when you are hard by Chaposy the Sea hath some reddish leaues or Flagges driuing on the water and some péeces of réedes like Cassia Fistola or Spanish Réedes which come out of this Riuer Two miles East Southeast from this hauen to Seaward there lyeth two small and high Islands close by each other wholly without trées or bushes round about them it is twentie fadome déepe muddy ground and from the mouth of the Riuer halfe a mile from the land Southward lyeth a long Island reaching like the coast betweene this and the land it is faire muddy ground of thrée fadome déepe whereof the entry on the South side is the déepest and along by the land it is shallow From Chaposy eightéene myles forward lyeth the Island of Liampo where the Portingales vsed to Trafficke These Islands were called Sinogicam the Firme land Liampo which along by the sea side is a high land The Portingales ships doe not passe along by it but betwéene the Islands At the first you haue but few and small Islands but being past them then vpon the rowe of Islands lying furthest out into the sea you haue a very great Island with high Trées and Creekes along by the Sea coast and it is there all ouer faire and good ground and on the West side it hath a Créeke in the middle whereof there is a great and high Island betwéene
the which and the land you haue a Roade against the Monsons of the South and Southwest windes This entry is of fiue fadome déepe but it is too narrow for a Shippe to wind in it therfore you must bind it fast or cast out ankers both before and behind From this Island two miles West Northwest lyeth another great Island with very high Trées and from the South Southwest side of the same Island there is a good hauen for the Monson of the North and Northeast winds on the which side it hath very good aire and fresh water and the other Island aforesaid for the Monson of Southwest winds is vnwholsome The channell betweene them both is 35 fadome déepe but in the Road you haue such depths as you would desire From this north Island to the land are about thrée miles hauing some small Islands in the way On the firme land West Northwestward there lieth a smal Créeke called Camocon from thence you run to the Hauen lying on the coast fiue miles beyond the Island which is a riuer called Tinay at the entrie it hath foure fadome déepe without any sands or shallowes These two Islands aforesaid of Synogicam where the Portingals vsed to traffike lie vnder 29 degrees and 2 â— and these islands of Liampo doe reach full vnder one and thirtie degrées Northward and are not as the Islands of Canton hauing their Channell faire and cleare without feare of any thing but that you sée before your eies But betwéene these Islands in some places you haue stonie cliffes and riffes lying vnder the water From the Islands of Sinogicam forwards there also the tides runne verie strong about a third part of the Water at an Ebbe and a third part at a flood wherefore you must haue good regard to the crosse streames that come from the many channels and droughts which runne verie strong and with so great force that oftentimes they driue a man vpon the point and Hookes of the Island when hée would passe by it Wherefore hée that will sayle by these Islands must haue a Pilote that knoweth the Countrey To Seaward from these Islands it is all faire and good ground Putting out of the Island where you may Winter for the South winde that is from the Road of the Islands or Cliffes to Sea-ward you must alwaies runne close by it and when the Island beginneth to lye East-ward then it maketh a point sticking out and before you come to this Point there is a small long Island which hath a small Créeke in the middle being inward of a clouen stonie Rocke at the foot whereof it is 20 fadome déepe it is distant from the great Island about the shot of a great péece The smal Island shall lye on the North side and you shall alwaies keepe towards the great Island as much as you can for this creeke aforesaid draweth the water to it so that if you were close by it it would draw you in as it happened vnto mee whereby I had great labor and danger before I could get out From this Island halfe a myle Northward there beginneth another great and high Island which from thence reacheth Eastward making a Channell betweene both that runneth in the Sea which Channell from the Sea to this small Island is all fair and cléere but from thence to the point of the other North Island and from both these Islands Westward which is a great space of the Sea it is altogether riffes and Stony Cliffes vnder Water that reach vnto the Channell that runneth from the Island where you may Winter for the North windes along by the Islands that lye on the land side Therefore when you come from the South Island to Sea-ward you must goe close by it to the point aforesaid lying on the same Island From the Island where you may Winter for the North winds there runneth a channell North Northeastward betwéene the Islands so that it deuideth the Islands leauing some on the land side and some to Sea-ward which channell oftentimes openeth and sheweth it self From this Island aforesaid where you may Winter for the North windes fiue myles further forward in the same course there beginneth another great and high Island of fiue myles long lying in the same course of North Northeast and South Southwest This Island is very populous of euill natured people from the South point of this great Island the length of a Cannon shot Eastward there is a hidden cliffe or Rocke of stone lying vnder the water wherevpon a Portingales Shippe was cast away laden with Pepper and other Spices which is a good marchandise to be brought out of India and all those countries The Riffes and Stones aforesayde reach vnto this Stony Rocke therefore if you will sayle through this Channell or depth aforesaide you must runne on the West side close by the Island From the point of this great Island thrée miles Northeast there is yet another great and high Island and is one of the Islands that lye to Seaward in a row wherein there standeth a Chinish Temple or Church most curiously built wherefore by the Portingales it is called A Ilha de Varella that is the Island of the marke or token and before you come at it you leaue two or thrée smal Islands on the land side and the great Island of fiue miles long reacheth behind these Islands to land ward and to Sea ward from these Islands lyeth another great Island reaching from the stony rock to the island of Varella Betweene these two Islands there runneth a small Channell the whole Channell from these thrée miles to the entery or passage of Varella is thrée fadome deepe at full Sea and that of Varella as also the month of the chanell which runneth Eastward through it towards the Sea is all deep In the entery of the Channell of this Island at the foote of Varella it hath a Créeke with a Sandy baye which is a good Road. From the South point of this Island of Varella or Chinish Temple to Sea ward there lyeth thrée Islands all on a row close by each other reaching East and West which Islands also are named after the name of Varella whereby the Channell is knowne This Island of Varella or Chinish Temple lyeth full vnder thirtie degrées and is distant from the Islands Sâ—ongâ—â—â—m aforesaid eight miles From the Islands Sâ—ongicam eleuen or twelue myles it is altogether great and high Islands lying close by each other but from thence to full one and thirtie degrées they begin to bée lesse and somewhat more separated At the end of these Islands there lyeth two Islands together whereof the Channell that runneth betwéene them hath a verye good harbour it is called Lepion they lye close by a great Riuer which is much inhabited and frequented by Marchaunts and other people In this Hauen of Lepion the Iapons doe often Trafficke from the end of this Island along by the Sea coast the land is low and bankey ground for that
vnder 29. degrées and ◠accounting for one mealetide thirtéene miles so that I gessed as then to be 25. myles from China On Sonday after noone we held our course in the same sort East and East and by South for all that euening and the night following till the next day at noone with a still winde and water and had no Sunne to take the height but I made my account of eightéen miles for a meale tide at halfe a strike to the East and East and by North the wind being scant South From Monday at noon we still had a calme South wind which continued so that euening and all night and about Tuesday morning the wind was somwhat fuller till noone whē I tooke the height of the Sunne and found vs to be vnder 29. degrees and ¾ running East and East and by South for the space of 22. miles From Tuesday at noone being vnder the height aforesaid I willed them to saile east hauing the same wind but somewhat calmer all that night to Wednesday at noone and then we began to sée driuing in the sea some Sea-scumme or Cuttle bones hauing sayled fiftéene myles making my account to be yet 30. miles from the Island Tanaxuma hauing neither Sunne nor Starres to take the heights From Wednesday at noone the wind began to blow somwhat full South Southwest and because it was signified vnto me that the streames in that countrey ranne towardes the Island of Lequeo and perceiuing likewise in some places a certaine yellowe skumme driuing vpon the water which appeared vnto vs like ripe Limons I willed them presently to holde East Northeast and about euening wée sawe many signes of land as péeces of réedes risen and such like things At night I badde them runne East and East and by North but the first watch béeing done when the Chinish Pilot should watch his course hée had gone a great way out of the course hauing runne Eastward till the morning when againe I willed them to sayle East and by North the winde béeing as it was till Thursday at ten of the clocke and then although it was darke and close weather wee beganne to sée a land that séemed verie cloudie and couered with dampie mistes lying Southeast from vs and were about thrée myles from it Along by the same lande there lay two Islandes wée holding our course in the same sort vntill by the first land Eastward wee sawe another great high and long lande and at the end of the aforesaid high land Eastward wée sawe two other Islandes whereof the one was verie great stretching Northeast and Southwest and the other close by it stretching North and South being the smallest with many pointes On the North side of this small Island about a mile from thence there are fiue small Islands or stonie Cliffes vpon a rowe from the first Island that we sawe which is the last Island of those that are called As Sete Irmaas that is the seuen sisters lying on the Northeast side to the aforesaid small Island with many pointes it may be about sixe myles Eastward as we were right against the aforesaid first Island of Stonie Cliffes it might bée about fiue houres after noone hauing run as we thought since wee had sight of land about twentie and foure miles The Thursday aforesaid in the morning wée tooke the height of the North Starre being vnder thirtie degrees and ⅙ Comming within two myles of the Island that wée saw first of the Islands of stonie Cliffes wee ranne Northeast and Northeast and by East and when wee were right against it whereby it laie Southward from vs béeing about thrée myles from it on the North side thereof wée sawe another great high and long Iland with many trees which as wée learned is called Icoo it reacheth East and West and wée were about three miles from it but by reason of the darke weather and mistes wee could not discerne it and comming somewhat néerer to it wée sawe another Island lying close by the West point of the aforesaid Iland beeing lesse than the other and because wée were by the aforesaid West point betweene both wee were fully determined to runne through the channell that shewed betweene the said two Islandes but because there was no man in the shippe that had any knowledge thereof fearing Riffes and shallowes wee durst not aduenture but wound vp to the East point to passe by the winde about the high Island running as much as wée might with a Southerly winde hauing great waues that put vs to the lande and so wee sayled East Southeast hauing yet about two myles to passe by the Island but night came on beeing verie darke so that wee could discerne no land although wee were close by it and to keepe from it wee ranne the same course till about one of the clocke after midnight then the moone shined yet wée could not see the Island but made Northward towardes it with fewe Sailes to the Island of Tanaxuma which according to my account should lie right before vs wherewith wée passed ouer the rest of the night till the morning when we sawe the Island Tanaxuma that laye right before vs beeing about two myles from it it beeing verie cloudie and wée made Northward towardes it to passe by the West side thereof but wée could not doe it by reason that the winde was Southwest and wee were by the South point thereof running along by the East side about halfe a mile from it This Island reacheth North and South beeing long and lowe ground hauing white sandie strandes with a verie gréene countrey of valleyes it hath many Pine trees but they stand scattering from each other and verie open it is about seuen or eight myles long hauing in the middle way on the East side close by the land an Island or stonie Cliffe which farre off sheweth like a Foist vnder Saile This Island lyeth vnder thirtie degrees and ½ right in the middle it is all saire and cleare ground From this Island of Tanaxuma Northwarde wée sawe a verie great and high lande reaching East and West about eight miles making as it seemed on the same coast Northeast and Northeast and by North from Tanaxuma an opening which is the mouth of the creeke called Xabuxij This Créeke hath for a marke that the lande on the East side thereof runneth all stéeping to the hooke or point of the Creeke beeing a flatte ground and on the West side the land is as high as the first that wee sawe lying North and South with Tanaxuma This coast aforesaid may lie distāt ouerthwart from the Island of Tanaxuma about seuen or eight myles From the North point of this Island wee made towardes the Créeke and béeing in the middle of our way the wind fell West Southwest whereby wee were enforced to lye by it the weather béeing calme so that the water that with the flood ranne Eastward draue vs off that wée could hardly get the Hauen but the ebbe that
after ranne very stiffe into it made vs get in and with the glimsing of the euening and the light Moone wée entred into a verie great goulfe wherein lay the aforesaide Créeke on the North side and within on the East side it hath a small Island full of trées lying about the shot of a base from the land Eastward from this Island the land hath a high houell and on the South side of the said houell there lyeth a great opening which on the other side hath a point of low land and white sand strands with trées There is the Hauen called Minatto which is a riuer better than that of Batecola lying in the coast of Malabar On the North side of this houell about a small myle there is another opening béeing in a land that is somewhat lower as the houell with some trées This opening right in the middle hath an Island wherein is the place of Xibuxij which is a great village full of people and is a riuer of fresh water but it is shallowe for you can not put into it without a spring tide From Xibuxij forward the Créeke runneth West all lowe land and sandie strandes for the space of two miles from thence it runneth Southward againe till it butteth vpon a high hill which is that which wée sawe comming from the Island Tanaxuma to the foote of the hill there lyeth a small riuer very shallow From this riuer the land runneth East againe to the mouth thereof which may bée about halfe a myle broad The ground of all this Créeke and entrie is sand and bad anker ground All this high land aforesaid is called Quimonsiquy From this Créeke of Xibuxij seuen myles East Northeast lyeth the Créeke of Tanora which is one of the best Hauens of Iapon you runne the coast East and East by North in the middle way from Xibuxij to Tanora there is a small Créeke or Bay which at the first shewe séemeth to haue a good harbor but when you are right against it then you may verie well perceiue it for it hath many stonie Cliffes and Rockes and runneth somewhat to landward I heare set downe the description of this Créeke that no man should deceiue himselfe therby that desireth to goe vnto Tanora as wée should haue done Béeing past this small Créeke you shall presently sée that the land maketh an end or point of high lande from the which point forward the coast windeth inward where you shall sée a sandie strand with two Ilandes full of trées lying along by it At the end of these Islands you shall sée other smaller Islands that lye off from the land inward to the Sea with other great stones and rockes Within these Ilands and Stones lyeth the Hauen of Tanora and to put into this Hauen you must run to the point and the end of these Islands and Stones that reach into the Sea and béeing past them then on the Northeast side to Seaward there will lie a stonie Cliffe with an Island without bushes or trées béeing stéepe land reaching North and South betwéene this Island and the land there is a great Créeke where you may anker for right ouer against it it is 25 fadome déepe but there is not the right Hauen but when you are about the point and the end of the aforesaid Islands and Stones that sticke outward to Sea then you shall presently passe along thereby inward towards the land which you may freely doe without danger for it is faire and cléere holding your course Westward and a point of land will be vpon your right hand and béeing past this point you shall passe close by shunning the land on the West side and being there you are within the Hauen which is a long Créeke or Bay reaching North till you be in you may ancre in the middle thereof at foure fadome déepe and then you are inclosed with a round bowe it is there altogither muddy ground Departing from Tanora to Fyunga the coast runneth North to a point of land lying about fiue myles from Tanora betwéene this point of land and Tanora there lyeth two Hauens the one called Gico not farre from Tanora the other further forward by some stonie Cliffes and Islands called Vmbra These two Hauens are good harbors for East winds that blowe much on this coast from the aforesaid point of land to Fyunga may be fiue miles more from whence the coast land doe turne in againe like a Créeke comming somewhat further Northward out this Créeke is a low land along by the Sea coast with sandy strands and a mile beyond y e aforesaid point of land the coast hath an opening and on the South side of this opening there standeth a great round trée close by the Sea side here is a good Hauen which is called Vndo and further forward there lyeth another Hauen called Toconosuchy this land is higher then the other hauen on the Southside it hath some high and great Trées and on the Northside a low land the which farre off outward sheweth like small Islands with trees This hauen is not good to put in A mile beyond this hauen there is another Hauen called Myme which is a good hauen for small shippes to enter and hath two enteries which you presently sée béeing without and may well discerne them in the middle hauing a flat Island full of Trees these Trees make two openings and you may see ouer the Island on the land which is higher a great gréene trée the land on the South side hath a high land with a valey From this Hauen about two myles and a halfe lieth another small Island called Tomxyma beyond this Riuer a myle and a halfe endeth the low land and then again it beginneth to be high from thence two myles further the land maketh a point or hooke of high land and a farre off seemeth to be the point called Cabo de Ramos lying on y e coast of India by Goa Sailing about this point hard by there is a Riuer Northward called Camyco which is two fadome deepe in the Hauen this is the furthest land of the kingdome of Fiunga From y e point of land aforesaid fiue miles distant from Tanora to this point of Camico the lande is like a Créeke or breech the water therein making a crosse streame for along by the land the Water runneth alwaies Southward you runne this point with the aforesaid point of land North and South and North and by east and South and by West and are about eight miles distant along by this Bréech you may anker at twelue and fiftéene fadome deepe faire sandy ground From this point called Cabo de Camico forward the coast runneth north northwest and when you are right against this point then you shall presently sée Northeastward and Northeast and by East the land of Toca which is an island and is about fortie myles long and reacheth East and West and East and by North and West and by South it hath
on the North side with the land of Iapon a straight or narrow passage which runneth to the Hauen of Saquay and the land of Miaco and from the side of the Island along by it there are many small Islands The course you must hold through this straight to the Hauen of Saquay or Sacay is altogether along the coast and the land of Iapon which hath many and good Hauens At the end of this straight both these lands haue each of them a point of land sticking out being from the one to the other about a mile by the point of the land of Toca it is banky ground and all the people of this land on the North side are not in any sort to bée trusted Likewise you may passe from the South side of this Island Toca to the land of Myaco where all along it is good sayling and there are very good Hauens The first hauen whereof lyeth on the first point of land on the West side of the Island which close by it hath certaine Islands and Cliffes this Hauen is called Focora it hath a good harbour for all windes but not for Rouers for there they haue many Foistes wherewith they roue and steale At the East end of this Island Toca lying with the land of Iapon right ouer against it there is another straight or passage like that on the West side where you runne to the Hauen and Town of Sacay In the middle way from the aforesaied East side of Toca lyeth a Hauen called Aâ—â— which is inhaâ—â—ted by a very fierce and stout people There is alwaies a great army of Foistes prepared for the warres wherewith they robbe and spoyle all the Coast along The Shippes and Foistes that desire to passe through it asking leaue they may passe without let or hinderance On the East side aforesaid the land of Iapon reacheth much southward making a hooke or end called Cumano and the coast that reacheth thether is called Bandol It hath some Hauens that were inhabited by very rich and mightie people but they are neither secure nor free The Hauen of Sacay lyeth from the booke or end of the Island of Toca Northeast about nine or tenne myles This Hauen of Sacay with a West wind is harborlesse which make many great tides and hath a shallow sandie ground For the which cause the Ships that come laden thether are presentlie vnladen and the people leape on land leauing the Shippe fast bound and sometimes draw it on land From the point O Cabo de Camico fiue myles to a point of land you runne along the coast North Northwest and in the way you haue foure or fiue Islands and cliffes along the coast and right ouer against the aforesaid point there lyeth two other Islands close by the land hauing betwéene them both a smal channel and close by both on the North and south-side sides there are many Islands and Cliffes both great and small These two Islands with the Islands and Cliffes lye East and West with the Hooke and the end of Toca vnder thrée and thirty degrées and 1 â— All this coast is high land with the Islands lying along by it and hath sixtie and seuentie fadome déepe close by the land From thence forward beginneth the straight or passage to be narrow betwéene this Island of Toca and the land of Bungo and if in this countrey you haue néede to anker then put to the land of Toca where you shall finde muddye ground When you are about the aforesaid point of two Islands then the land beginneth Westward to turne in all high land hauing within close on the South-side a small Island you must take héed of this Créeke that the streames drawe you not in being past this Créeke you shall in the middle way of the channell in the straight sée right before you a smal round Island which shall lye on the East side from you and along by the coast fiue miles you shall sée another Island lying hard by the land which to sea ward from it hath many stony cliffes and Rockes By this Island Northeastward about a myle and a halfe there lyeth two other Islands Beyond these two Islands another myle and a halfe lyeth another long Island with a flat plaine or field on the top thereof reaching Northwest and southeast the Southeast and thereof being the highest Within this Island towards the West lyeth the Creeke of Vsquy where the king of Bungo holdeth Court If you desire to put in there you shall runne towards the first Island kéeping from the aforesaid Island and the Islands and Cliffes lying by it holding your course through betweene it and the other two Islands that lye further forward being passed in by this Island and the Islands and stony Cliffes you shall see Westward within the Créeke a great round and a high Island full of Trées wherevnto you shall runne alwaies kéeping néerer the two Islands then the Island of stony Cliffes for by the Iland of Stony Cliffes you haue seuentie fadome déepe and within the two Islands Westward you finde but 25 fadome muddy ground holding your course in that manner to the aforesaid Islands that lye in the Créeke kéeping on the North side for there it is faire and cléere and being right against this Island you shall find twenty fadome déepe where you shall anker that from them you may sée the hauens which are two the one lying a smal mile from this Island towards the Southwest by a point of land whereon there standeth sixe or seuen trées seperated one from y e other with some bushes you must put to this point which within it hath a small Bay or Créeke at the end whereof standeth a riffe of stone reaching from thence into the Sea in the which lyeth the aforesaid small Créeke which hath a very good harbour at thrée fadome déepe good and fair ground where you shall anker but it is not for great shippes The other Hauen is Northwestward on the other side of the Créeke hauing in it some Islands and stones it is a great Bay which runneth inward to the land making a bow with very good harbor This hauen is for great ships From this Créeke of Vsquy somewhat further Northward lyeth another great Creeke which runneth inwards West Northwest The Land and the point betwéene these two Créekes may bee from the one Sea to the other about the length of the shot of a great Péece in breadth and halfe a myle from the end of the point Westward on the South side lyeth a small Island close by the Land betwéene the which and the land runneth a channell of twelue fadome deepe with faire ground of great sand where I haue ankered Right ouer against this Island on the Northwest Land about the length of the shotte of a great Péece lyeth a small Creeke with a village called Sanganaxeque where Don Francesco Mascharenhas lay with his shippe for the monson This hauen with a northwest wind is harbourlesse From this Créeke
From thence to Xynaco are fiue myles From Xynaco to the Hauen of Vxymando are fiue myles From Vxymando to the Hauen of Muroo are fiue myles And this Hauen is about fiue myles more from the Hauen aforesaid Beyond the aforesaid point thrée or foure myles Eastward lyeth the Hauen of Fyongo and from thence sixe or seuen myles further is the Hauen and Bay of Sacay All this coast aforesaid is faire and cleare hauing all ouer anker ground These are as I said before all Portingale myles and two Iapon myles make iust a Portingall myle which is found to bée true by the Portingall Pilotes that haue therein taken the height of the Sunne and made their account after the Iapon myles The 32. Chapter The Nauigation from Lampaecon which lyeth by Macon in the coast of China to the Island of Iapon and from thence to the Island Firando with the description thereof by another Pilote SAyling from Lampacon to the Island of Iapon you must passe through the first issue or Channell of the South Island which reacheth South-eastward hauing a Cliffe or Island in the middle thereof betwéene the which and the point of the Island you must passe because of the scant winde making as neare as possiblie you can to the end of the Island alwayes with your Leade in hande And comming to the middle way of the Channell of the Island lying vnto Sea-warde you shall finde a sandie banke that in the middle hath not thrée fadome deepe You shall vse all the meanes you can to passe aboue a great and high Island which lyeth East Southeast from you Being about this Island with the other that lyeth to Sea-ward in the same rowe you shall passe along by the Island that lyeth to Seaward Six miles further from this Island you shall sée a row of Islands small Islands Cliffes and are nine reaching further out to seaward then all the rest that you passe by and lye North Northeast and South Southwest you cannot passe on the outside of them neither is it necessary but you must runne betwéene them and a great high Island full of Trées that lyeth to landward from you which Island as you come néere it sheweth as if it were round because you goe right vpon the point Notwithstanding it is long reaching as the coast doth Hauing past somwhat beyond it there is a channell that passeth betwéene it and another Island lying close by it Behind this last Island East Northeast there is a Hauen where some Ships come to lade certain Chinish wares and is not farre from the mouth or entry of Canton This Island aforesaid is by the Chinars called Tonquion From thence you shal runne East Northeast to sée the country that lyeth betwéene Chinchon and Chabaquon which is faire and cleare ground running two myles from it to shunne a Riffe that lyeth close by Chinchon which hath a round high Island lying close by the land you must runne the coast of Chaboqueo to Chinchon Northeast and Southwest and northeast and by East and Southwest and by west and whē you are right against Chinchon then about two miles into the Sea you haue a high round Island and within the land a high hill with a stony rocke on the top thereof like Pulo Varella in the coast of Champa and the entry is through some Islands this round Island afore is by the Chinars called Toanthea When you are right against Chincheo as aforesaid then runne East Northeast vntill you are eight or ten myles from the coast to kéepe without all the Islands and being there then runne Northeast in which course you shall see the Island of Lequeo Pequeno that little Lequeo lying vnder fiue and twenty degrées it is a very high and long island about eightéen miles distant from the coast of China when you are past Lequeo Pequeno comming into fiue and twenty degrees and ½ If you desire to make to the land of Bungo then runne Northeast and Northeast and by East in which course you shall fall vpon the Islands lying on the South side of the Island Tanaxuma which Islands begin at 29 degrées and ½ and reach to thirtie degrées and ½ and are in all seuen high and small Islands which reach one with the other that is the thrée first Islands Northeast and southwest and Northeast and by North and Southwest and by South the other thrée East Northeast and West Southwest and one at the end of them North and South These seuen Ilands being past six miles further North northeast you shal sée two other ilands lying east and west with each other wherof the East island is the smallest the East end thereof hauing a high houell which descendeth eastward making a low point You may well passe betwéene these two islands for there is a good channell The greatest of these two islands which is high and long is called Icoo from the east point whereof foure or fiue miles Northward lyeth the island of Tanaxuma which is a long island reaching North and south of seuen or eight miles long In the middle way of the same island on the East side lieth the Hauen which is a small Créeke within certaine stony cliffes but it is not best to put into it West Northwestward from this Hauen about a mile and a halfe there lyeth a smal flat land that hath a houell in the middle seuen or eight myles Northward from Tanaxuma you shall sée a great high land which reacheth tenne miles east and West which is the land of Iapon and at the end or point of this coast on the West side lieth the Creeke of Cangoxuma and the hauen of Amango aboue it hauing a high pointed top and right against the island of Tanaxuma North and North and by East lyeth the Créeke of Xebuxy that is very great hauing within it the Hauens of Minato Eoxima and Xaboxy all thrée Riuers for small Ships And lying on the East side on the right hand as you come West-ward into the Créeke sixe or seuen myles further North Northeast along the coast lyeth the Hauen of Tanora which is the least Hauen of Iapon If you desire to put to the said hauen of Tanora then you shall holde close to the shoare sayling néere vnto it for it is faire ouer all but you haue no anker ground nor Roades because it is déepe and when you passe by it being beyond the Créeke of Xebury then you shall come to a small Créeke which at the first sight séemeth to haue good harbour but being right against it it sheweth what it hath that is many stones and rockes reaching somewhat inward to land I note it here because thereby no man should deceiue himselfe Being past this small Créeke you presently see a great thicke and high point of land From this point y e land windeth inward where you shall see a sandie strand and two Islands with Trées lying there along At the end of the which Islands there are other smaller
Islands and great Rockes reaching from the land to seaward Within these Islands and stones lyeth the Hauen of Tanora and to put into it you shall take your course towards the end of those Islands and stones that reach to seaward from the land When you are right against the end thereof then Northeastward from you to Sea-ward there will lye another Island or stony Cliffe You shall runne within this Island and betwéene it and the Land there is a great Créeke where you may anker at fiue and twenty fadome déepe if néed be but there is not the right Hauen but when you are about the Islands and stones that lye outward to Sea then you shall presentlie runne along betwéene a point of Lande Northward on the right hand and the Islands into the Hauen that you shall sée lye open without feare and being about this point of land you shall presently sée a Creeke stretching Northward inwards and then you shall put to that point of land which will bée on your right hand where you may fréely enter for it is foure fadome déepe all muddy ground and anker by the East land shunning the West From this Créeke of Tanora forward you runne Northward along the coast which is the land of Fiungo and Bungo all faire and cleare ground hauing nothing thereon to feare then that you see before your eyes and eightéene myles further you shall find a very great Island that will bee on the East side from you which is the land of Toca and reacheth East and West and East and by North and West and by South about fortie myles long comming out by Sacay and Miaco The Southside of this Island is faire and cleare along the which you runne to Sacay betweene this Island and the coast of Bungo on the West side thereof there is a straight or passage of foure fiue or more myles broad and such as will goe to Bungo must alwaies kéepe along by the coast of Tanora and Fiunga shunning the coast of Toca But returning to the coast of fiue and twenty degrées ½ beyond the Island of Lequeo Pequeno as aforesaid If you desire to saile to the Island Firando you shall runne from thence in the aforesaid course of Northeast and Northeast and by east to eight and twenty degrées and ¼ and being there kéepe Northeast by the which course you shall see two small long bare and broken Islands lying North and South with each other on the South side hauing two Islands or cliffes halfe a mile distant froÌ„ each other These two Islands aforesaid lye vnder one and thirtie degrées and ¼ Thrée or foure miles Northeastward from these Islandes lyeth an Island or stony Cliffe clouen in the middle hauing vpon it foure or fiue sharpe points or toppes when you are right against the aforesaid Island then you are yet tenne myles from the coast of Iapon Westward and running the same coast Northeastward you shall goe right vpon a very great high Island called Coiaquijn which lyeth East and West with the hauen of Angone being three or foure myles distant from the coast of thrée or foure myles long on the East side towards the Land it hath manie Islands and stony Cliffes If you chance to fall within the Island finding your selfe by the coast of Iapon whereby you cannot passe without the Island then take your course inward betwéene the Land and the Island without all the Islands and Stones about the length of the shotte of a great Peece from it but goe not neare the coast for that from the North Land there is a Point that reacheth to the other side Being past the length of the Island along by the Islands and stony Cliffes as I said before you shall presentlie put along by the Island outward to Sea-ward whereby Northward you shall sée the Point of Lande aforesaid which hath some Cliffes and Riffes within the which Northward lyeth the Hauen of Amacusa This point of land lieth right ouer against another point of lande that sticketh out from the Island lying North and South with each other and when you haue past beyond this point of lande then you shall hold along the coast about a mile from it You runne along by this coast from the one point of lande to the other North Northwest and South Southeast and if you passe without the Island of Coiaquin you shall take the same way béeing past and about it to come vnto the coast and so runne along by it as aforesaid From the aforesaid point of Amacusa that hath the Cliffes and Riffes thrée or foure miles forward there is another great and high point of lande in the same coast and beeing past it you shall sée a great opening or entrie of a Channell which is called O estrechio d'Arima that is the Straight of Arima within this straight lyeth two good Hauens the first called Xiquij which is one of the best Hauens of Iapon This Hauen lyeth about halfe a mile from the entrie inwarde on the South side and the right hand Westward at the end of a great Créeke which hath a harbour for all windes with foure or fiue fadome déepe muddie ground but in this Hauen three or foure Portingales were slaine I thinke it happened by their filthie pride and presumptuousnesse for in all places they will be Lordes and masters to the contempt and embasing of the inhabitants which in all places will not be endured namely in Iapon being a stubborne and obstinate people But to to the matter On the North side of this créeke on the land lying on the other side there lieth a high round Island and hitherto it is all ouer faire and cléere sea and ground To put into Arima you shall goe towards the North Lande for on the South side as soone as you are past the Creeke of Xiquij you haue two stones and thereabouts it is all ouer full of riffes and other filth This straight aforesaid as you first enter into it reacheth Eastward and then turneth Northwarde and along by the point where it turneth northward there runneth strong streames and so stiffe that if you be not carefull it will turne the shippe about and put it backe againe if you haue not a stiffe forewind to breake the force of the streames Being about this point aforesaid on the same land there lieth a very good Hauen called Cochinochy or Cochinâ—quyn and then the Hauen of Arima whereof the Straight receiueth the name and lyeth halfe a mile Northward from Cochinochy beeing a Creeke which is open for an East wind and without any defence for foule weather Somewhat further lyeth the Hauen of Simonbaia that hath thrée Islandes which make a harbour against the North wind but at low water the shippes lie drie In this Straight there are no other Hauens that are safe and good for All windes but onely Xiquy and Cochinochy as I said before From this Straight to the Island of Firando along the coast there are many
Islands and Cliffes and a great Créeke At the issue of the Straight of Arima sixe miles forward lyeth an Island close by the coast called Cambexima which is a great high land hauing on the Sea side close by it foure or fiue Islands or cliffes and betwéene this Island and the Firme land there is a good harbour and in the same Island there is a village with many people with a good small Créeke or Hauen where many Fisher boats Foists doe lie from thence begin the Islands of Firando From this Island Cambexima fiue or sixe miles forward there is a point of land sticking out with many Islands and cliffes that reach from the land into the sea you must run to the same point northwestward This way from Cambexima to the aforesaide point of land is all one créeke because the land windeth inward and because that on this coast of Iapon commonly at such time as you goe thither it is cloudie mistie weather therefore you can hardly discerne the scituation of the land but if it be cléere weather you shall presently see the point sticking out that hath the Island and Cliffes at the end thereof but if it be cloudie and mistie weather then you must not saile along the coast but hold your course half a strike from the Northwest as aforesaid when you are hard by it you shall presently discouer all the Islands and cliffes The furthest to seaward of these Islands cliffes are two Islands separated from each other betwéene high and lowe and longer then round wholly without Trées and that which lyeth furthest to seaward hath two riffes reaching out from it one lying Eastward the other West Northwest about halfe a myle by the East Iland of these aforesaid two Islands as I was tolde if is faire and good ground close to it as it séemeth to be And vpon the North side it hath the harbour for the Monson of the South windes and if you haue occasion you may anker there From these aforesaide two Islandes to the lande there lyeth two Islandes or Cliffes in forme like two Pillars betweene these Cliffes and another Channell which the Islands begin to open before you many Iuncos or Chinish shippes doe passe laden with merchandises to Fâ—rando and the Hauen of Vmbra notwithstanding you shall leaue all these Islands or Cliffes on the East side or your right hand running about halfe a mile to Seaward from them and béeing right ouer-against these Islands then three or foure miles further in the same course of North Northwest there is another point of an Island stretching right Westward from the Land being a high and flat land on the top and in the first appearance it séemeth like three Islands although it is but one for it hath two broken partes and by that meanes maketh a shewe of thrée Ilands From the point of this Island thrée miles Westward to seaward you shall see a round Island hauing close by it a long small Island and if it be cléere weather West Southwest or West you shall see the Island of Goto which is very high and great with many rentes and clouen peeces on the toppe being all euen and flat ground When you sée the Island aforesaid that sheweth like three Islandes then runne straight vpon the point thereof that sticketh outward and if the tide chance to be against you with slatâ—e winde then the water by this point sticking out of the aforesaid Iland maketh a great roaring and hath much scumme so that it séemeth to be shallows which the water breaketh vpon notwithstanding it is all ouer faire and deepe therefore you may fréely put towards it without feare keeping a little from the point and in this manner passing about the point then you must saile along where you haue a great and good creeke where you shall put in till you find ten or eleuen fadome deepe it is hard ground where you may anker at pleasure it hath a good harbour for the winds of the Monson and being there you shall presently haue Barkes and Foâ—stes enough aboord your shippe that will bring you to Firando In the same créeke inward Eastward there is a Rode to anker with good harbour for all winds Likewise the length of the shotte of a great péece Northeastwarde lieth another Hauen that hath a good harbour for all winds wherein there may lie more ships then in the East Rode aforesaid If you chance to come into this country at such time as that you feare any foule weather then you may fréely lie in any of these Hauens where you lie safe from rouers and théeues that may come thither This Iland that seemeth to be thrée is called Faquyn and from thence to the Iland Firando are fiue miles From this Iland Faquyn if it be cléere weather you may well sée the Iland of Firando Northward from it but because for the most part you there find cloudie and mistie weather there is no certaintie but from the hauen where you lie you shall presently see a high and round Iland with some stonie rockes about it about halfe a mile from the rode of the aforesaid coast where you lie which reacheth North Northeast and North by West about two miles and a halfe from you you shall sée another long high and flatte Iland clouen in the middle and so sheweth to be two Ilands stretching East and West About halfe a mile from this iland lieth a great round Cliffe betwéene this Cliffe and the round Ilande that lyeth halfe a mile from the Hauen of the aforesaid Iland there is a great créeke which maketh a chanell through the which you passe to the Hauen of Vmbra and when you sée the Island that sheweth like two Ilands runne right vpon it to the Hooke or end thereof lying in the East to the which you shall go within the shot of an arrow as also by the great Cliffe that lyeth Eastward from you running inward then you shall sée a verie long land which is the coast that maketh the strait or channell betwéene the land and the Iland of Firando you must shunne all the land that lieth on the East side for it is all ouer foule ground as you passe about by the aforesaid Iland which is called Caroxyma leauing it on the West side about the length of the shot of an arrowe from the ende thereof you shall sée two Islandes whereof that Westwarde is long the other lying right before you béeing rounde hauing a stonie Cliffe which you must shunne and then presently you shall sée two other Cliffes which shall all lie Westward from you and béeing there you shall sée the Island of Firando lying before you being about two small miles from you you may fréely make towardes it for it is all ouer faire and passe aboue the coast of the Firme lande that lieth Eastward When you are by the Islands and cliffes then there are certaine small Channels which you shall shunne kéeping close
by the Island of Firando which is on your West side and is a verie great and long Island and sheweth on that side whereunto you saile with a great high Houell in the middle way vpon a point sticking out of the same Island when you are close by the same Island you shall runne along by it where you shall find an opening stretching inwards like a riuer you shall passe about a mile beyond it where you shall haue a small Créeke or Bay called Cochyn wherein you shall enter vntill you finde twelue fadome deepe and there anker and although there you lie open to the South winde yet the water goeth whole beeing there you shall send either by water or by lande to the towne where the Hauen is for certaine Foists or Barkes that may bring you into the Hauen which Hauen lyeth somewhat further for the entrie thereof is something dangerous because of the great streames that haue their Current therein If you desire to saile into this Hauen when it is almost high water haue care for the wind is strong at your entring and when the water beginneth to ebbe then it helpeth to bring you in then you shall runne in such maner along by the Island as I said before and being past the créeke of Cochyn to the first point of lande that you shall come vnto that sticketh out from the same Island from the which point Northward there iutteth two stonie Cliffes you shall goe neare the stonie Cliffes the better to get into the Hauen and you shall presently sée before you on the side of Firando a great and high Island full of trées when you sée it take your course right vpon the West point of the same Island vntill the saide Island lyeth wholly vncouered to Leeward from you whereby presently you shall sée inwarde the point or end of the towne and when you beginne to see the houses then put somewhat neerer to it right ouer against the aforesaid Island on the South side and the left hande and there the Island hath a small loâ— poinâ— of lande comming from a high hâ—uâ—â— and stretcheth into the Sea from the which point there runneth a Sand or Banke therefore you shall put towardes the side of the houses or end of the towne to kâ—pe out of the streame and when you are out being in calme water if the winde be not good then anker and from thence be rowed in either with Foists Barks or your own boat West West Southwest into the Hauen All this description and course of Nauigation is in breefe to conclude that when you come to the coast of Iapon you shall leaue all the Islandes that lie along vpon the coast on the East side and vpon the right hand and runne without them and the Islandes lying to Seaward from thence whereof the first beginneth from the end of the Island of the row called Saquyn and the long Island Caroxyma that lyeth further forwarde which reach North and North and by West from the ende of the rowe and the two small Islandes with two other small Islandes or Cliffes lying further forward and are seuen in all leauing them all on the left hand or the West side with the which course you shall goe directly vpon the Island of Firando as is before mentioned The 33. Chapter A voiage made by a Portingale Pilot with a Soma that is a Chinish shippe from Macau or out of China to the Island of Iapon and the countrey of Bungo with the scituations of the places along the course THe ninetéenth of Iune béeing Saterday we departed from the Island called A Ilha das Outeas lying on the West side of the issue or chanel of Macau running outward to sea putting out at the place where the ships of Malacca doe vsually enter but because we could not get aboue the Island called A Ilha grande dos Ladronis that is the great Island of théeues lying four miles East Southeast to Seaward from the Islande and the Hauen of Macau therefore wée ranne to Leeward thereof About the length of the shot of a base from it there are two Islands lying somewhat distant from each other with a very small channell running betweene them thorough the which they passed with Bankoâ— or Chinish Barkes From thence about halfe a mile Northward lieth another long Island full of trees and bushes and when you put in there on the West Southwest side in the middle of the channell there lieth a stone which is couered with the Sea Sixe miles East Southeastward from these Islandes lyeth the Island of Tonquian which is a high and long Island full of trees and bushes and close by it on the sea side it hath nine or ten Islandes or Cliffes and because wee could not take the height to passe betweene the Islandes and the Cliffes which is a faire good channell wée passed to Leeward between it and another Island about a small mile Northward from thence which is a great Iland and there lie two Ilands or cliffes the greater hard by it and the other further off which we left on the left hande running along by the Island of Tonquian where it is all fair ground Which Island on the point that lyeth East Northeast on the land side hath a sandie Bay which is a very good Rode for the Monson of the South windes When wee were out beyond that Island then wee helde our course East Southeast vntill wee were as farre to Seaward as the furthest Island and being in sight thereof wee tooke our course East and east and by North for threescore miles till wee were vnder the height of the Island Lamon which course we helde thereby to shunne Rouers and Theeues who at that time and in those countries were continually risident making warre against the Portingales of Macau and yet wee had the firme Land still in sight I meane the toppes of the Trees and Bushes that stoode vpon the lowe flatte Lande and comming to the coast of Lamon although wee sawe it not wee presently ranne Northeast by the which course wee had the sight of the high lande of Chabaquon lying on the coast of China and beeing there wee found much badde water and hard streames and at the last wee espied the Varella or stonie Rocke that standeth aboue the Hauen of China seeing nothing else but high hilles and from thence forwarde wee sawe no more of the coast of China and running in that course of Northeast which from Lamon wee alwaies held wée perceiued the Island of Lequeo Pequeno or Small Lequeo which was at the fourth mealetide after our departure from Macau for wée espied it on Wednesday in the morning and ankered eight miles from it towards the coast of China beeing on the Southwest point thereof This Island Lequeo Pequeno stretcheth Northeast and Southwest and Northeast and by North and Southwest and by South it is a very high Island and about fifteene or sixteene miles long the furthest point
or end Northeastward of the same Island lyeth full vnder 29. degrees ½ for there I tooke the height of the Sunne with calme weather being about fiue or sixe myles from it and from this Northeast point the coast of the Island runneth Southeast at the end thereoâ— hauing another great and high Island making a small Channell that runneth betweene them both and it seemeth that on the Norâ—heast side there is a good Rode for the Monson of South and Southwest windes and along by this coast of Lequeo for the space of three daies we had calme weather and after that wee had a good gale of winde of the Monson and I thinke wee had so great a calme because wee kept so close vnto the shoare About fiue and twentie degrées and â— from the point of Lequeo wee helde our course Northeast and Northeast and by East till wee came vnder nine and twentie degrees Ten miles from Lequeo forwarde wée sawe great store of Cuttle bones driuing on the water and many other shelles that were verie white shewing farre off much like vnto Cotton but it was not long that they draue any thing thicke for in short space after wee might perceiue them scattered abroad verie thinne and but verie few vntill wée came vnder 26. degrées Comming vnder 29. degrées wée held our course halfe a strike East Northeast for the space of eight or nine miles till the Sunne-setting and then wée perceiued right before vs a round and high Island being about sixe miles from it which was the first and furthest Island Westward of the seuen Islandes which at this present are called As Sete Irmaas that is the seuen sisters which lie vnder 29. degrées and ½ This first Island hath a sharpe point on the West side in the middle at the foot thereof hauing a stone in forme of a Pillar like the Varella in the straight of Singapura by Malacca and on the Northeast side about halfe a mile from thence there lieth a round blacke Cliffe Béeing in the sight of this Island wée presently ranne North and by East as before all that night and in the morning béeing right against it wee sawe all the rest of the seuen Islands and still held our course Northeast vntill we were before the last of the said seuen Islands From whence about sixe miles Northward lyeth two Islands stretching East West whereof that in the East is verie long and high full of blacke shining trées and that in the West much lesse and lower at the East end or point of the lesser Iland there is a high houell that descendeth Westward making a long and lowe point These islands are about a mile distant from each other Westward from this Island about two miles and a halfe there is another island as great and high as the other aforesaid the first great high Island aforesaid is called Icoo and the aforesaid seuen Islands shall all lie on the Southeast side from you and from the first to the last they may be about seuen or eight miles when wee were at the end of the seuen Islands we held our course Northeast towardes the channell that runneth betwéene the great high Island and the Iland that hath the long low point where we passed through comming out againe on the North side This channell is faire and deepe without any cliffes or stones Foure miles Northwestward from this Channell lyeth a verie high and round Island which on the West side seemeth to be full of Cliffes This Iland hath a Mine of Brimstone which lyeth in the middle thereof A mile Northward from this fiery Island lyeth another small and lowe Island and from the aforesaide fiery Islande about eight miles Eastward lyeth the Island of Tanaxuma aforesaid the great high Island of Icoo aforesaide lying on the East side of the Channell on the North side thereof hath a lowe Lande and all along by it is verie good harbour béeing faire and good ground reaching foure or fiue miles East and West Thrée miles Northward from the East end of this Island of Icoo lyeth the aforesaide Island of Tanaxuma as it is also declared in the Description of the Course and Nauigation to the Island of Ferando This Island of Tanaxuma stretcheth North and South béeing altogither low Land and full of Houels and Valleyes with Pine trées that stand farre distant one from the other and is about seuen or eight miles long and in the middle thereof on the West side lyeth a Hauen within certaine Cliffes and Rockes and a mile and a halfe West Northwestward from this Hauen lyeth a very small and lowe Island with a little Houell in the middle On the North end of this smal Iland there are some stones rocks sticking out about the length of the shotte of a great péece all the rest is faire Likewise betwéene this Island and Tanaxuma it is all ouer faire and cleere Seuen or eight miles Northward from the Island of Tanaxuma lyeth the great and high Land of Iapon which coast on the South side stretcheth East and West for the space of ten myles from the channell aforesaid that runneth betweene the Islandes you can not see Tanaxuma vnlesse it bée faire and cleere weather wee ranne East Northeast and were about three miles distant from the aforesaide Channell before wee discouered Tanaxuma as likewise the great land of Iapon which as I saide before is verie high stretching East and West about tenne miles and because Tanaxuma stretcheth North and South being lowe land and the land of Iapon high therefore in that place where wée were they seemed vnto vs like one Lande because they reach each through other Wherevpon the Chinish Pilote which wee had at that time aboord our shippe thought then to be all one land but when we put nearer to it then wée began to sée the Channell that runneth betwéene them beeing distant one from the other crosse ouer about seuen or eight miles and in that manner wée ranne halfe a strike East Northeast towardes the land of Iapon it being flood where the tide ranne Eastward towards the small Island that lyeth by Tanaxuma driuing vs thither whereby we had much labour and paine to get aboue it passing about the length of the shot of a great péece from it wherefore it is necessarie for a man to runne Noâ—theast vntill hée be past that small Iland aforesaid When we had passed about the Island of Tanaxuma wée ranne North Northeast towards the coast being three myles distant from it and right against the creeke of Xebuxij we had a calme beeing the last of Iune hauing departed from the Island called A Ilha das Outeas lying on the West side of the mouth or channell of Macau the nintéenth of the same moneth hauing Sailed toward Iapon about eleuen dayes whereof we had thrée daies calme so that our Sailes lay flat to the Mastes being vnder the Island of Lequeo as aforesaid The 34. Chapter Another description of the course from
the greater it séemeth This Island is very high in the middle and descendeth downeward towards the end The Northeast point is lower then the southeast so that it maketh as it were a tongue sticking out which is very lowe From thence East Northeastward are certaine Islands shewing like cliffes The depth in that place is fiue and twenty fadome muddy ground Wednesday being the seuentéenth we had a North Northeast wind and then it came North-east and began to blowe so stiffe that we were forced to strike all our sailes letting the shippe driue all that day Southeastward and by night wee willed the man at the helme to steere northwest and about morning the winde began to blowe so stiffe with so great waues that we were forced to go with half our foukesaile with all our cords wel bound made fast and the storm or Tuffon was so great that wee were forced to bind all that wee had on boord els it was presently stricken in péeces This Tempest began first North Northeast and so ranne about till it was North Northwest At the departure whereof it was so boysterous that the waues séemed to touch the clowdes This was vpon Thursday being the two and twentith day of the new Moone the next night following the wind came west but because as then the Sea ranne verie high we let not our sailes fall but in the morning we had the wind southwest and then we let fall our sailes minding to follow on our course with great ioy throughout our ship thinking certainely wee had the windes of the Monson but towards night it was calme againe and then wee had a North wind holding our course eastward but not long after it was altogither calme notwithstanding the waues ranne out of the South so that about two of the clocke we had the wind southeast wherewith we hoised sailes running northeast and Northeast and by North and when it began to be day we saw the Island called Dos Reys Magos that is the thrée kings lying South about tenne or twelue miles from vs and there I found the heigth of the sunne to be 26 degrées and ⅔ being the one and twenty day of the Moone The day before wee sawe the Island Fermosa which is a very high Land and séemeth to reach vnto the cloudes there wee had fiue and fortie and fiftie fadome water muddy ground On friday at sunne rising we cast out our lead and found one and twentie fadome with blacke sande The first token that we had of the aforesaid Tempest was a small Raine-bowe close by the Horizon on the Sea side being a faire russet colour with two other greater Rainebowes whereof the point or end shewed almost like the cloud called Olhos de Bois that is Cats eyes which are small clouds which at the first shewe seeme no greater then a mans fist about the Cape De bona Speranza which by the sailors that saile in the East Indian Seas are much marked for they are tokens of suddaine falling Tempestes and cruell stormes as in the voyage from India to Portingale is alreadie partly declared wherefore it is good to bée aduertised thereof the better to looke vnto it and to watch for them to y e which end I thought it not from the matter to speake of them in this place But returning vnto our matter I aduertise you that when you are come into those countries as long as the winde commeth out of the North and so Southwest you are to make no account thereof for it will presently bée North Northeast and East but when it is calme then you shall haue a Southeast winde and then South and Southwest which are the monson and windes of that time but if it beginne againe to be calme it may so fall out that it will bée East Southeast but it will presently be southeast againe with faire weather which wée also found in this Monson of Iuly Anno 1585. Monday the two and twentie day wée tooke the height of the Sunne at 27. degrées and 1 ◠hauing a Southeast Southsoutheast winde with good weather and helde our course Northeast and as I gessed wée had runne after wée had faire weather and wind about two and twentie miles béeing from the lande of China from the Cape called Sumbor about 12. myles being yet about an hundred miles from the Island of Meaxuma and that day wée cast out the Lead and found 55. and 57. fadome water and sawe many blacke and white Sea foules that helde thereabout the blacke birdes by the Portingales being called Alcatrases The thrée and twentie beeing Tuesday wée had verie good weather in such manner that at that mealetide wée sailed about fiftéene miles béeing about twelue miles from the firme land of China In the morning we cast out the Lead and found one and fiftie fadome with white and blacke sand Wednesday being the four and twentie day wee had the height of the Sunne at 29. degrées with an East Southeast and Southeast winde and good weather holding our course Northeast and Northeast and by North and sometimes but not much Northeast and by East I made my account to haue holden Northeast and by North and so to haue sailed 16. miles being yet from the Island of Meaxuma about 70. miles lying Northeast from vs and there we cast out our Lead and found 49. fadome déepe sandie muddy ground Thursday the 25. of Iuly wee tooke not the height of the Sunne because wee lay driuing without sayles with an East wind winding Southward and so helde till the 26. day and draue Westward finding two fadome lesse in our depth The 26. we wound Northward without sailes yet not long after wee let our foresaile fall but wholly against my mind but onely at the importunate desire of the Chinish Pilat saying that the same day wee should haue the winde larger which was not so but cleane contrarie so that all the way wee made in that sort was more troublesome vnto bs wherefore it is better for such as finde themselues in those countries of 29. degrées to stay for Southeast windes and then to runne North Northeast Northeast and Northeast and by North because the waters and streames runne verie strong towards Liampo and when you are vnder 30. and 31. degrées hauing a South Southeast winde then you shall haue great labour and much paine to get the Island Meaxuma for so it happened vnto vs because the wind was so strong that we could beare but our foresaile and halfe the maine top-saile as also because the Sea ranne very high and hollow and put our shippe out of course and that the streames ranne Southeast This is about 25. or 30. miles from the Island Meaxuma But as soone as the winde came full whereby wee ranne East East and by North and East Northeast at 40. and 34. fadome water the ground being verie smal sand holding as much Eastward as possibly we might and sometimes east and by South wherby we
make thrée The second houell which lyeth in the middle is bare wholly discouered appearing through the rocks cliffes y t lie vpon the top of y e field called Dos Paâ—anas which is in the middle of the chanel being by the last houses of the town and when you are right against y e aforesaid houses then you shal presently discouer the 3. houel so that when you are right against y e sandy point lying close by y e Varella called Dos Mandorins then the said houel is almost wholly vncouered where you shall find four fadome and a halfe déepe with a full sea of a Spring tide and as soone as you are past the sandy Point then you beginne to find more depths that is fiue and fiue fadome and a halfe and running in that sort you shall go right vpon a broken land lying on the other side ouer against the Island called Ilha do Bugio that is the Island of sea Cats When you are at the depths aforesaid then southward from you you shall sée an opening called Enseada de Gonsato vaaz which within it hath a hil on the east side which sheweth like an Island or Cliffe and on the West side it hath two Points sticking out and when those two Points are right ouer against each other theÌ„ you are in the middle of the channell and you must be carefull to sée y t they lye one right against the other for by that marke you shall runne in the déepest and best place which is at 27 Spannes of water with a spring tide as I haue found it in the time of the Monson when you saile to Iapon hauing an East winde for with a North wind you haue lesse water there Now to know when you are as farre as the banke you must vnderstande that Northward towards the Island Do Bugio there lyeth a stony cliffe which sheweth like a houell which lieth most Northward of all the rest along by the strand it hath a clouen Rocke with two Points when you haue the aforesaid stony Cliffe like a houell right ouer against the middle of the aforesaid clouen rocke then you are vpon the aforesaid banke and when the aforesaid marke standeth vneuen on the one or other side then you shall presently find more depths which shall bee thus that as you run Southeast right vpon the thickest and greatest land on the other side vntill you be at foure and fiue fadome water which is the point called Varella and desiring to passe through the east channell then you must runne Southeast and East Southeast vntill you haue discouered the Island Do Lastro wholly by the end of the Island Do Bugio then it is not good for you to runne more southward to shun the stone lying right ouer against the Varella and when you haue discouered the Island Do Lastro as I said before then you must runne along by the aforesaid stone about two cables length from it there you shall haue the depth of 28. and nine and twenty spannes of water with a spring tide and to know when you are néerest the stone it is wheÌ„ you haue wholly discouered the first cliffe of two that lye on the Northside of the Island Do Lastro and then you are about a stones cast from the aforesaid-stone at the depth aforesaid and when you haue wholly discouered the second Cliffe then you are beyond the stone you may likewise know it by another marke which is a white vlacke standing vpon the Hill which you see ouer the Towne and hath a stone which sheweth like a mans head When you bring the aforesaid white vlacke in the middle of the top of the house of Don Ioan d Almeyda then you are right ouer against the aforesaid stone and wheÌ„ you are past it it is good to make towards the land on the Southside in such sort that you leaue the two third parts thereof on the side of the town and one third part on the Southside and running in that sort you shall haue more depths then in the middle way vntill you be vpon the banke which hath no more then sixe and twenty Spannes Water with high Water of a spring tide And desiring to knowe when you begin to be right against it it is when you haue the crosse part or dore of y e great church right against the toppe of a house that standeth on the strand which commeth vpon the same way of the same dore right to the strand so that y e dore is wholly discouered there you haue seuen twenty or eight and twenty Spannes water which shall bee when you sée or discouer the clocke house or top of S. Paules church with a hill that standeth behind the same church and as soone as the said clockhouse is couered then you shall presently finde more depths as two and thirtie spannes water which is foure fadome which is right ouer against the place where you fetch fresh Water and going somewhat further forward you shall finde foure fadome and a halfe fiue fadome at a spring tide this was the Road where the shippe called S. Crus of the burthen of fourteene or sixtéene tunnes did anker and when the said ship did wind with an ebbe then the Island Do Lastro lay vncouered although it was a good way from the Land You haue a very good token or marke to know when the land on the Southside is neerest to you then you must make to the Island Do Lastro and Northward from it there is two cliffes and when those two cliffes are one against the other then you are in the déepest of the channell vntill you bee ouer the banke The 44. Chapter Of the course and streames of the water in the way from Malacca in the time of the Monson when they ordinarily trauell thether FRom the Island Pulo Catao lying on the coast of Champa part of the Land of Camboia to the Varella which is a place lying in the way from Pulo catao towards Malacca in y e same coast of Champa or Camboia y e streames run very strong towards the south from the Island Pulo Catao fiue miles forward y e streams run very strong towards the Island Champello and the créeke called A Enseada de Cauchinchina And in the monson of China when you saile from Mallacca in the months of October Nouember and December theÌ„ the streames in that part run Northwest And from the Month of Ianuary forward they run southwest that is towards the sands therfore such as trauel that way must obserue certain times and that with good aduise and as they begin to goe néere the country where the sands lie that are right against the coast of Champa betwéene them and the entery of the coast the streames run as swiftly into the south as a stone slyeth out of a mans hand But I aduise you not to goe so néere the Island Aynao that you may sée it vnlesse it be with a Northwind for with an East wind you would be
teates of a womans dugs and to put into it you must keepe your course along by the houell If you depart from the Point aforesaid with the winds called Brisas then you shall hold your course to the Cliffes called â—ortugas that is the Torteaux as winde serueth and you must see what depth you find for if there you finde fortie fadome water then you are on the South-side thereof and finding 30. fadome then you are East and West right against it and being at any of these depths you shal hold your course South South-west vntil you see the land which you shall discouer from the field or Hauen thereof and if you see a Land that is somewhat high hauing some Hils and Dales that shewe like the fingers of a mans hand then it is the land â—aâ—â—d Narugo from thence you shal runne to Hâ—eaâ—a holding your course along by the coast Sayling out of Hauana to the Martirs you shall hold your course Northeast by the which course you shall see the Point which is three small Islandes whereof that in the middle is the greatest the vttermost being the East coast and the inwardest the North-east and South-west coast From thence North-east-ward to the Cape De Canauerales that is y e point of Reedes the coast stretcheth North and South and North-east-ward you shall see no land and being vnder fiue and twentie degrees then you are in the mouth of the channel which to passe through you must hold your course Northeast and if you see not the Cape de Canauerales being vnder 28. degrees and â— 2. then you are without the channell Sayling out of the Hauana with the windes called Brisas to the channell you must runne outwards till it be noone and after noone you shall make to Landward that towards euening you may bee by it and to vse the Windes called Terreinhos which are Windes that blowe by night from off the land running in this manner along by the coast vntill you bee North and South with the Houell called El Pan de Matancas that is the loafe of Matancas being North and South with y e same loafe you must runne Northeast if the winde will permit if not you must put to the coast of Florida where the winde will driue you doing your best in that way to goe out of your course as little as you may for the streames runne with great force towards that Lande and when you thinke it time then you shall put to the other side as the winde will leade you till you see the Lande and when you sée it then winde in this sort running through and being vnder 28. degrées and ½ then you are out of the Channell hereof I aduise that the strikes you make in lauering towards the land of Florida must be short and those towardes the Coast of Minare long for the streames driue you to the Lande of Florida The Hils of Chupiona come out by the loafe of Matancas and are certaine not too high and euen Hils flat on the toppe with certaine white shining houels The loafe of Matancas is a high Houell flat aboue stretching northeast and South-west and on both sides as well North-eastward as southwestward it hath two low Points lower then y e said loafe which shew like the heads of Torteaux On the North-east side the Lande stretcheth lowe and from thence Northward it maketh a small Point Behinde this Point lyeth the Hauen of Matancas and to enter therein you must run Northeast and Southwest right against the said loafe and then the Hauen will bee South from you and you must runne southward to it it is a great Bay and there you haue no Road but close by the Land comming out you leaue the loafe on the South-side and you must hold your course north-east till you be out And being out of the Channell if it bée in Winter you shall run East wherwith you shall holde East and by North by the winding or declining of the compasse By the which course you shall passe on the South-side of the Islands and Cliffes of Bermuda and this course you shall holde till you bee vnder the heigth of the Island Fayael one of the Flemish Islands which is a great Island stretching North-west and Southeast on the Southeast side hauing a thicke Land and on the northeast side somewhat lower land To saile from thence to the Island of Tercera you shall hold your course outward of the Island of S. George east and east by North. The Island of S. George is a high Lande stretching East and West as also Tercera which on the Southside hath a clouen hill called O Brasil and a little eastward from thence there lieth thrée cliffes The Iland of S. Michael is a great high Island stretching East and West on the West side being lowe and on the East side high It hath likewise a clouen hil lying at the end on the East side This Island lyeth vnder 38. degrées The 64. Chapter The course and right markes from the Island La Desseada to the lande and coast of Carthagena Nombre de Dios new Spain and from the channell of Hauana IF you desire to sayle through the Channell that runneth betwéene the Island La Antigua La Desleada towards the coast you must holde your course West to the Island of Montecerratte running along by the Island of Guadalupe which is an Island clouen through the middle higher on the West then on the East side The Island La Antigua that is the old Island you shal find on the Northside of Guadalupe stretching in length East and West and hath Hils with outward shew like Ilands and lieth vnder 16. degrées and 1 â— The markes of the Island Montecerratte are these It is round and high like the Island La Gomera in the Canaries and hath some Hilles with certaine Water beakes Sailing from this Island Montecerratte you must runne West Northwest whereby you shall discouer the Island Sancta Crus but you must not runne too close by it for there it is foule and no cleare ground it stretcheth East and West and is Hilly but not verie high beeing higher on the West then on the East side in the middlest hath a rent or partition and on the East side there is a Roade where you may anker for there it is faire sandye ground To sayle from Sancta Crus to the Island of Puerto Riquo that is the Iland of the rich Hauen on the Southside you must runne West Northwest whereby you shall discouer the hill called Sierta de Loquillo and from thence to Cabo Roxo you shall sayle West and West and by North keeping along by the land vntill you be by the cape aforesaide which is the vttermost part of the same Island This point called Cabo Roxo that is the red point is a thin and lowe lande on the sea side hauing certaine redde shining downes and on the North-west side you sée the hils called I as Sierras de
HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE SEMPER EADEM IOHN HVIGHEN VAN LINSCHOTEN his Discours of Voyages into y e Easte West Indies Diuided into Foure Bookes Printed at London by IOHN WOLFE Printer to y e Honorable Cittie of LONDON Willms Rogers ciuis Londinensis Inventor et sculptor IW To the Right VVorshipfull IVLIVS CAESAR Doctor of the Lawes Iudge of the High Court of Admiralty Master of Requests to the Queenes Maiesty and Master of Saint Katherines RIGHT VVORSHIPFVLL The manyfolde Curtesies which it hath pleased you from time to time to multiply vpon mee haue made me so greatly beholden vnto you that they can neuer dye but remaine fresh in my remembrance during my Life So that I must enforce my selfe with all my best Endeuours openly to acknowledge the same and by all the meanes that possibly I can to bee thankefull for them otherwise I might iustly be noted with the blacke spotte of Ingratitude the most odious vice that can raigne amongst men which vice to auoyde I haue studied earnestly to finde out some way wherby I might make knowne vnto your Worship that duetifull reuerence and affection which I owe vnto you in that respect But hauing hitherto had no fit oportunitie or good occasion to declare the same I haue beene constrayned to remaine in this debt vntill now at last it hath pleased God to offer me a meane which I hope will not be displeasing vnto you About a Tweluemonth agoe a learned Gentleman brought vnto mee the Voyages and Nauigation of John Huyghen van Linschoten into the Indies written in the Dutche Tongue which he wished might be translated into our Language because hee thought it would be not onely delightfull but also very commodious for our English Nation Vpon this commendation and opinion I procured the Translation thereof accordingly and so thought good to publish the same in Print to the ende it might bee made common and knowen to euery body And calling to minde the vsuall custome of Writers and Printers in these daies who do commonly shelter and shrowde their works vnder the credit of some such as are able to Patronize the same your Worship represented it selfe before mee and did as it were of right challenge the Patronage hereof as being a Matter that appertaineth to your Iurisdiction For this Dutchman arriuing here in England after his long trauell and Nauigation and bringing rare Intelligences with him from Forreyne parts good reason it is that hee should bee examined by such as are in place and Authority appointed for such purposes And to whome can hee be directed better then to your selfe whome it hath pleased her most excellent Maiestie to authorize for Iudge in Sea matters and Admirall causes And therefore I haue brought him vnto you with earnest request that you will be pleased to examine him accordingly and if you shall finde him any way beneficiall to our Countrey and Countrey men vouchsafe him your good countenance and giue him such intertainment as he shall deserue Thus am I bold with your worship to acknowledge my dutie after this homely manner hauing none other meane to shew my selfe thankefull but by presenting you with this slender fruite of my abilitie facultie which I beseech you to accept in good part and I shall not cease to pray to God that hee will blesse you with long life and prosperous health to the great comfort of many her Maiesties Subiects and Suppliants that are daylie to bee relieued by your good meanes Your Worships euer most bounden IOHN VVOLFE TO THE READER LVcian in one of his Dialogues intituled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Surueyers writeth of Charon the old Ferrie-Man of Hell that vpon a great desire which he had conceiued to view this world and the Actions of men therein hee begged leaue of Pluto that hee might haue a playing day and bee absent from his boat to the end he might satisfie his thirsty humor that troubled him so eagerly Meeting with Mercurie his fellow Boatswayne for he also conducteth Soules in Charons Barge they two concluded together like the two Sonnes of Alcëus to clap the Mountaine Pelius vpon Mount Ossa and when they found that they were not high inough to take the surueigh they added Mount O Eta vnto them and Parnâ—us ouer them all Vpon the toppe wherof hauing setled themselues they did at leysure and pleasure take a view not onely of the Seas and Mountaines and Cities of the world but also of the Inhabitants therof together with their Speeches Actions and Manners The same Author in another Dialogue called Icaro-Menippus discourseth of the Cinike Menippus who being troubled with the same humor tooke vnto him the right wing of an Eagle and the left wing of a Vulture and hauing fastened them to his body with strong and sturdie thongs mounted vp first to the Acropolis or Capitol of Athens and then from Hymettus by the Gerania to Acro-Corinthus and so to Pholoë and Erymanthus Taygetus and at last to Olympus where he grew somewhat more bragg and audacious then before he was and soared higher vpwards till he had reached the Moone and then the Sunne and from thence the Habitation of Iupiter and the rest of the Gods a sufficient flight as he saith for a well trussed Eagle to performe in a day There he rested himselfe and discouered all the world and euery particularity thereof to the end he might the more freely like a Scoggan taunt scoffe at the Actions of men in their seuerall kinds But to leaue these Poeticall Fictions and vaine Fables which doo but declare the Nature of Man to bee desirous of Nouelties and curious to know those things whereof he is ignorant let vs come to those that being neither coniured out of hell nor rapt into the heauens but of their owne honourable disposition and instinct of Nature haue not onely compassed Sea and Land in their own persons to learne and beholde Nations Realmes Peoples Countries vnknowne for the augmentation of their owne priuate skill and cunning but also haue committed their knowledge and labours to writing for the propagation of the seruice and glorie of God in Pagan and Heathen places and the great pleasure profit commodity of their Countrymen Of this kinde and sort of famous men there hath beene great store in al ages but specially at the first Homer Anaximander Hecataeus Democritus Eudoxus Timaeus Eratosthenes Polybius Possidonius Dionysius Strabo Solinus Pomponius Mela Maximus Tyrius Ptolomée an infinite number of other ancient Authors that haue imployed their wits industries in this behalf to the singular benefit of our later times wherein there haue beene most excellent and exquisite followers of them as Munsters Mercators Theuets Belonies Ortelies Villamonts many moe that by the light and good meanes of those their Predecessors haue run beyonde them many degrees and discouered such New worlds as were neuer knowne to our Fathers Forefathers and therefore doo deserue the
visited by many Turkes and Arabians This entery is also called the redde sea not that the water is redde but onely because there are certain redde hilles lying about the same that yéeld redde marble stones and because the sand in some places is redde it is the same sea which Moyses with the children of Israel passed through on dry land From the hooke or cape de Guardafum which lesseneth and is narrow inwardes towardes Sues in time past called Arsinoe which is the vttermost town where the narrownesse or straight endeth are 360. miles and from thence ouer land to the Mediterranean sea in Italie are 90. myles the straight or narrownes is in the entraÌ„ce also within the broadest place 40. miles and in some places narrower it hath also diuers Islands and on the one side inwarde by Sues Northward Arabia deserta on the other side south ward Aegipt where the riuer Nilus hath her course and somewhat lower towardes the Indian seas Arabia Felix and on the other side right against it the countrey of Abexynes or Prester Iohns land vpon the hooke or corner of Arabia Felix the Portingals in time past helde a fort called Aden but nowe they haue none whereby at this present the Turks come out of the straight or mouth of the redde sea with Gallies that are made in Sues and doe much hurt and iniurie vppon the coast of Abex or Melinde as when time serueth we shall declare Hauing againe passed the line we had the sight of the North Star whereof vpon the coast of Guinea from the Island of S. Thomas vntill this tyme wee had lost the fight The 4. of September wee espyed a shippe of our owne fléete and spake with him it was the S. Francisco which sayled with vs till the 7. day and then left vs. The 13. of September wee saw an other shippe which was the S. Iacob which sailed out of sight again and spake not to vs. The 20. of September we perceiued many Snakes swimming in the sea being as great as Eeles and other thinges like the scales of fish which the Portingals call Vintijns which are halfe Ryalles of siluer Portingall money because they are like vnto it these swimme and driue vpon the sea in great quantities which is a certain sign token of the Indian coast Not long after with great ioy we descried land and found ground at 47. fâ—dome déepe being the land of Bardes which is the vttermost ende and corner of the enterie of the Riuer Goa of being about thrée miles from the Citie it is a high land where the shippes of India do anker and vnlade and from thence by boates their wares are carryed to the towne That day we ankered without in the sea about thrée miles from the land because it was calme and the fludde was past yet it is not without danger and hath round about a faire and fast land to anker in for as then it beganne in those places to be summer The 21. being y e next day there came vnto vs diuers boats called Almadias which borded vs bringing w t theÌ„ all maner of fresh victuailes from the land as fresh bread fruit some of them were Indians that are christened there came likewise a Galley to fetch the Archbishoppe and brought him to a place called Pangijn which is in the middle way betwéene Goa and the roade of Bardes and lyeth vpon the same Riuer Here hee was welcommed and visited by the Vice Roy of India named Don Francisco Mascarenias and by all the Lordes and Gentlemen of the countrey as well spirituall as temporall The Magistrates of the towne desired him to stay there ten or twelue dayes while preparation might bee made to receiue him with triumph into the cittie as their manner is which hee granted them The same day in the afternoone we entred the Riuer into the roade vnder the lande of Bardes being the 21. of September Anno 1583. being fiue monthes and 13. dayes after our putting forth of the Riuer of Lisbone hauing stayed 15. daies at Mosambique which was one of the spéediest and shortest voyages that in many yeares before and since that time was euer performed There we founde the shippe named Saint Laurence which arriued there a day before vs The 22. day the S. Iacob came thither and the next day after arriued the S. Francis There dyed in our shippe 30. persons among the which some of them were slaues and one high Dutchman that had beene one of the King of Spaines garde euery man had beene sicke once or twice and let bloode This is commonly the number of men that ordinarily dyed in the ships sometimes more sometimes lesse About ten or twelue years since it chaunced that a Vice Roy for the King named Ruy Lorenso Detauora sayled for India that had in his shippe 1100. men and there happened a sicknes among them so that there dyed thereof to the number of 900. and all throwne ouer borde into the sea before they came to Mosambique the Vice Roy himselfe being one Which was an extraordinarie sicknesse and it is to be thought that the great number of men in the ship were the cause of bréeding the same therefore in these dayes the shippes take no more so many men into them for that with the number they carrie they haue stinking ayre and filth enough to clense within the shippe The 30. of September the Archbishoppe my maister with great triumph was brought into the towne of Goa and by the Gentlemen and Rulers of the countrey led vnto the cathedrall Church singing Te Deum laudamus and after many ceremonies and auncient customes they conuayed him to his pallace which is close by the Church The 20. of Nouember our Admirall S. Phillip arriued at Cochin without staying to land in any place hauing indured much miserie by the meanes before rehearsed hauing béene seuen monthes and twelue daies vnder saile The last of the same month of Nouember the shippes sayled from Goa to the coast of Malabar and Cochin there to receiue their lading of Pepper and other spices some take in their lading on the coast of Malabar as at Onor Mangator Cananor c. and some at Cochin which can alwayes lade two shippes with Pepper Cochin lyeth from Goa Southwarde about 90. miles The shippes vnlade all their Portingall commodities in Goa where the Marchantes and Factors are resident and from thence the ships do sayle along the coast to take in their lading in Pepper and to Cochin as it is said before Each shippe doeth commonly lade eyght thousande Quintales of Pepper little more or lesse Portingall waight euery Quintale is 128. pound Then they come to Cochin whither the Factors also do trauell and lade in them Cloues Sinamon and other Indian wares as in my voyage homewarde I will particularly declare together with the manner of the same In the monthes of Ianuary and Februarie Anno 1584. the shippes with their lading returned from Cochin some before
in all India and the principall enemies that the Portingalles haue and which trouble them continually But the better to know the situation of the countrey you must vnderstande that all the coast seuered from India is the low land lying 8. or 10. miles vpon the coast which is that whereof we speake and is called Cuncam and then there is a high or hilly Countrey which reacheth almost vnto the skies and stretcheth from the one ende vnto the other beginning at Daman or Cambaia to the Cape de Comoriin and the vttermost corner of India and all that followeth again on the other coast called Ghoramandel This high land on the top is very flatte and good to build vpon called Ballagatte and Decan and is inhabited and diuided among diuers Kings and gouernors The inhabitants and natural borne countrimen are commonly called Decaniins and Canaras as in the description of Goa and the territories thereof shal be particularly shewed with the shapes fashions and counterfeites of their bodies Churches houses trées Plantes and fruites c. The 11. Chapter Of the coast of India that is from Goa to the cape de Comoriin and the furthest corner of the lande which is called the coast of Malabar THe coast of Malabar beginneth from Cape de Ramos which lyeth frō Goa Southwardes ten myles and endeth at the Cape de Comoriin in time past called Corii which is 100. and 7. or 8. miles whereon lie the places hereafter following which are inhabited by the Portingals and kept with fortresses first from the said Cape de Ramos to the fortresse of Onor are tenne miles lying full vnder 14. degrées and is inhabited by the Portingalles There is great quantity of Pepper for that they are able euery yeare to lade a shippe with 7. or 8. thousand Quintalles of Pepper Portingal waight it is the best and fullest berries in all Malabar or India This land belongeth to a Quéene named Batycola which is a towne not farre from thence inwardes wherin she kéepeth her Court it is she that selleth the Pepper and deliuereth it vnto the Marchantes Factors that lie in Onor but they must alwaies deliuer their money sixe monthes before they receyue their Pepper otherwise they get it not then she deliuereth the Pepper which by one of the Factors is receyued and laid vp within the fortresse till the shippes of Portingall come thether to take in their lading of Pepper There is likewise much Ryce This fortresse is not much frequented but onely in the time of lading of their Pepper which within fewe yeares hath béene vsed to be laden there for before they vsed not to lade any in that place From Onor to the towne of Barselor are 15. miles and lyeth vnder 13. degrées it is also inhabited by Portingalles as Onor is there is great store of Ryce Pepper from Barselo◠to Mangalor are 9. miles and lyeth vnder twelue degrées and a halfe which also is a fortresse inhabited as the others are by Portingals and hath great store of Pepper and Ryce From Mangalor to Cananor are 15. myles which lyeth right vnder 11. degrées and a halfe This is the best fortresse that the Portingalles haue in all Malabar and there is much Pepper The Malabars without the fortresse haue a village with many houses therein built after their manner wherein there is a market holden euery day in the which all kindes of victuailes are to be had which is wonderfull altogether like the Hollanders markets There you find Hennes Egges Butter Hony Indian Oyle and Indian figges that are brought from Cananor which are very great and without exception the best in all India of the which sorts of victuailes with other such like they haue great quantities also very faire and long mastes for shippes such as better cannot be found in all Norway and that in so great numbers that they furnish all the countries rounde about them It is a very gréene and pleasant lande to beholde full of faire high trées and fruitfull of all thinges so is the whole coast from Malabar all along the shore Among these Malabars the white Mores do inhabite that beléeue in Mahomet and their greatest traffique is vnto the redde sea although they may not doe it neyther any other Indian without the Portingalles pasport otherwise the Portingals army which yearly saileth along the coasts to kéepe them cleare from sea rouers for the safetie of their marchants finding them or any other Indian or nation whatsoeuer at sea without a pasport woulde take them for a prize as oftentimes it happeneth that they bring shippes from Cambaia Malabar or from the I le of Sumatra and other places that traffique to the redde sea These Mores of Cananor kéepe friendshippe with the Portingalles because of the fortresse which holdeth them in subiection yet couertly are their deadly enemies and secretly contribute and pay great summes of money to the other Malabars to the ende that they shoulde mischiefe and trouble the Portingalles by all the meanes they can deuise whose forme and images do follow after those of Goa and Malabar From Cananor to Calecut are 8. miles which lyeth full vnder 11. degrées This towne of Calecut hath in times past béene the most famous Towne in all Malabar or India and it was the chiefe towne of Malabar where the Samoriin which is the Emperour holdeth his Court but because the Portingalles at their first comming and discouering of India were oftentimes deceyued by him they resorted to the King of Cochin who as then was subiect to the Samoriin being of small power But when the Portingals began to prosper in their enterprise and to get possession in the countrey and so became maisters of the sea Calecut beganne to decay and to lose both name and traffique and nowe at this time it is one of the townes of least account in all Malabar and Cochin to the contrarie their King being very rich and richer then the Samoriin so that now he careth noe for him by means of the fauour and help he findeth at the hands of the Portingalles From Calecut to Cranganor are tenne myles and lyeth vnder tenne degrées and a halfe there the Portingalles haue a Fortresse From Cranganor to Cochin are tenne miles and lyeth not full vnder tenne degrées The towne of Cochin is inhabited by Portingals and naturall borne Indians as Malabars and other Indians that are christened it is almost as great as Goa very populous and well built with faire houses Churches and cloysters and a fayre and most pleasant Riuer with a good channell and a hauen a little beyonde the towne towards the land runneth a small riuer or water where sometimes men may passe ouer dry footed on the further side whereof lyeth a place called Cochin Dacyma and it is aboue Cochin which is in the iurisdiction of the Malabars who as yet continue in their owne religion there the King kéepeth his Court It is very full and well built with houses after the Indian manner and
they spinne like yearne this yearne is to be sâ—ene at the house of Paludanus it is yealowish and is called the hearbe of Bengalen wherewith they do most cunningly stitch their couerlits pauilions pillowes carpets and mantles therein to christen children as women in childbed with vs vse to doe and make them with flowers and branches and personages that it is wonderfull to sée and so finely done with cunning workemanshippe that it cannot be mended throughout Europe likewise they make whole péeces or webbes of this hearbe sometimes mixed and wouen with silke although those of the hearbe it selfe are dearer and more estéemed and is much fayrer theÌ„ the silke These webs are named Sarrijn and it is much vsed and worne in India as well for mens bréeches as dublets and it may be washed like linnen and being washt it sheweth and continueth as faire as if it were new From Bengala commeth much Algallia or Ciuet but by the subtiltie and villany of the Bengalians it is falsifyed mixed with filth as salt oyle and such like stuffe whereby it is not much estéemed Also in Bengala are found great numbers of the beasts which in Latine are called Rhinocerotes and of the Portingalles Abadas whose horne téeth flesh blood clawes and whatsoeuer he hath both without and within his bodie is good against poyson and is much accounted of throughout all India as in an other place shall be shewed more at large There groweth likewise marble coloured Réedes whereof you may sée many sortes in the custodie of Paludanus which the Portingalles call Canas de Bengala that is Réedes of Bengala within they are full of pith and are about the thicknesse of Spanish réedes but somewhat thinner and when they are gréene they bowe and bend like Willow twigges they are outwardly of diuers colours and speckled as if they were painted They vse them in Portingall for olde women to beare in their handes when they goe abroad or vppon the stones There is another sorte of the same réeds which they call Rota these are thinne like twigges of Willow for baskets whereof Paludanus can shewe you great numbers with the which in India they make many faire baskets and a thousande other curious deuises Sugar Butter and such like ware they haue in great quantitie as I said before but this shall suffice for Bengala whereof we leaue to speake and returne to the description of the coast as it lyeth along the shore The 17. Chapter Of the coasts and lands of Aracan Pegu and Sian to the Cape of Singapura the towne and fortresse of Malacca BEyond the kingdome of Bengala beginneth the kingdomes of Aracan Pegu which coast stretcheth from Bengala south and by East to the town and hauen of Martauan in the land of Pegu and is 70. miles Martauan lyeth vnder 16. degrées from whence beginneth the kingdome or land of Sian these kingdomes of Aracan and Pegu are very rich fruitfull of all things besides Gold and precious stones as Rubies Espinels Saffires Iacinthes Emeraldes Granates and such like as it is well knowne by the great numbers that are dayly brought out of those countries into all places Likewise they make harde ware which is carried throughout the world There are greater number of Elephantes in those countries then in any other place of India or the Orientall countries the Portingalles that traffique there affirme that the king of Pegu hath a white Elephant which hee prayeth vnto and holdeth it to bée holy The Peguans haue a custome that when any stranger commeth into their land to deale and traffique with them of what nation soeuer he bee they aske him how long he meaneth to stay there and hauing tolde them they bring him many maides that of them he may take his choice and make contract and agrée with the parentes of the maid that liketh him best for the vse of her during his continuance there which done he bringeth her to his lodging and she scrueth him about all his affaires both by day by night like his slaue or his wife but hee must take heede that in the meane time hee keepeth not company with other women for thereby hee may incurre great daunger and stand in perill of his life When the time of his residence is ended he payeth the friendes or parents of the maid as much as he agreed for with theÌ„ which done he departeth quietly away and the maid returneth with credite home againe vnto her friendes and is as well estéemed of as euer she was before and if after that the same maide chance to marrie were it with the principallest of the Countrey and that the aforesaid stranger shold come to traffique in the same place againe hee may againe demand his woman and he shall haue her without resistance of her husband or any shame vnto him and she remaineth by the stranger as long as he abideth there and he trauelling from thence she goeth home againe vnto her husband which among them is holden for a most sure and inuiolable law Likewise when any gentleman or noble man will marrie with a maide hee goeth to séeke one of his friendes or a straunger and intreateth him to lie with his bride the first night of their mariage and to take her maydenhead from her which he esteemeth as a great pleasure honour done vnto him that another man wold take vpon him to ease him of so much payne This custome is not onely vsed among the Gentlemen and chiefe nobilitie of the lande but by the King himselfe Also diuers of the Peguans weare a bell vpon their yarde and some two as bigge as an Acorne which is made fast betweene the flesh and the skinne Of the like Belles Paludanus can shew you one which I brought out of India and gaue it him which bels haue a very sweet sounde This custome of wearing Belles was ordained by them because the Peguans in time past were great Sodomites and vsing this custome of belles it would be a meane to let them from the same The women go altogether naked onely with a cloth before their priuie members which as they go openeth vncouereth shewing all they haue which is by them ordayned to the ende that by such meanes it should tempt men to lust after women and to auoid that most abhominable accursed sinne of Sodomie There are likewise some among them that doe sowe vp the priuie member of their female children as soone as they are borne leauing them but a little hole to auoid their water and when she marrieth the husband cutteth it open and maketh it as great or as little as hee will which they with a certaine oyntment or salue can quickly heale I saw one of those women in Goa whom the Surgeon of my Mayster the Archbishops house did cut open men would iudge all these thinges to be fables yet they are most true for I doe not onely knowe it by the dayly trafficking of the Portingalles out of
and that after their deathes they shall receiue either good or euill reward in the world to come according to their workes Wherefore they vse faire and costly Graues and beléeue that in the world to come men shall neuer more die but liue for euer there are also in this land many and diuers faire Vniuersities and Schooles for learning where they studie Philosophie and the lawes of the land for that not any man in China is estéemed or accounted of for his birth family or riches but onely for his learning and knowledge such are they that serue in euery Towne and haue the gouernment of the same being serued and honoured with great solemnities and worthinesse liuing in great pleasure and estéemed as gods They are called Loâ—ias and Mandorijns and are alwaies borne in the stréetes sitting in Chariots which are hanged about with Curtaines of Silke couered with Clothes of Golde and Siluer and are much giuen to banketing eating drinking making good cheare as also the whole land of China No man may rule gouerne or vse any Office of Iustice in the Towne or place where he was borne which they saye the King doth because their friendes or parents should not mooue or perswade them to doe any thing contrarie to Iustice or to the hinderance of the Kings seruice When any of the aforesaide gouernours or rulers die in China they kill diuers of their seruants and wiues and cause all kinde of victuals and necessaries with diuers Iewels to bee put into the Graue with them whereby they thinke themselues well prouided and to haue good companie with them to liue withall in the other world The Countrie is verie temperate good ayre for it beginneth vnder 19. degrées and is in some places higher then 50. degrées whereby it is to be presumed that it must of force be fruitfull a great helpe thereunto is the earnest and continuall labour the countrimen and inhabitants take to build houses in their land whereby there is not one foote of land lost or that lyeth wast for euen to the verie mountaines it is both plowed planted because there are so many people in the Countrie It is not in mans memorie that euer there was plague in that Countrie and they haue a law which is very straightly holden that no man may goe or depart out of the Countrie without licence nor yet that any stranger may come into the land without leaue vpon paine of death Likewise no man may trauaile through the Country to begge whereof they haue a great care and looke néerely vnto it The people are well formed and commonly fat and well liking of body broade and round faces smal eyes great eye-browes broad foreheads small and flat noses litle beards seauen or eight hayres aboue their lippes and vnder their chinnes and verie blacke haire which they estéeme verie much haue great care in y e keming thereof and in keeping it cleane as well men as women and weare it as long as it will growe and then binde it in a knot on the top of their heads and vpon it they put a péece of Silke netting Those that dwell on the Sea side with whome the Portingals traffique that is in Machau and Canton are a people of a brownish colour like the white Moores in Africa and Barbaria and part of the Spaniards but those that dwell within the land are for color like Netherlanders high Dutches There are many among them that are cleane blacke which haue great eyes and much beard but verie few of them as it may well bee thought and as the men of China themselues report Their ofspring was out of â—artaria or from other of their neighbours of straunge Countries at such time when they had licence to trauaile into those Countries and to haue conuersation with them by trade of marchandise which nowe they may not doe as it is saide before They vse to weare the nayles of their left hands very long and on the right hand short which they hold for an auncient ceremonie of their law and beliefe Their apparell as I said before is most of Silke of all colours that is such as are of welth indifferent rich others such as are poore do weare apparel of Cotton linnen of blacke and coloured Sayes and such like stuffe Cloth made of Wooll nor Veluet they can not make in all China although there wanteth no wooll and they haue many shéepe notwithstanding they know not how to vse it and wonder much at it when the Portingalles bring it thether The women goe verie richly apparelled with long and wide Gownes they weare many Iewels on their heades within their haire and also vppon their bodies they doe commonly hold their hands couered they are but little séene abroad but sit most part within the house and estéeme it for a great beautifying vnto them to haue small féete to the which end they vse to binde their féete so fast when they are young that they cannot grow to the full whereby they can hardly goe but in a manner halfe lame Which custome the men haue brought vp to let them from much going for that they are verie iealous and vnmeasurable leacherous and vnchast yet is it estéemed a beautifying and comlinesse for the women Those that are of any wealth or estate are born in chaires through the stréets hanged and couered with Silke Sattin and Damaske Curtins wouen with siluer and golde thréedes and haue small holes to looke through so that they may sée and not be séene The 24. Chapter Of the Prouinces Townes and other things worthie of memorie in the kingdome of China THe kingdome of China is deuided into 15 prouinces euery one being as great as it is reported founde written as the best kingdome in Europe and are gouerned by a Viceroye or Gouernour which by the Chinaes is called Cochin Two of the said Prouinces are ruled by the King himselfe and his Councell which are Tolanchia and Paguia wher the King is alwaies resident The other Prouinces are called Foquiem Olam Sinsay Xansay Oquiam Aucheo Hona Canton Quicheo Chequeam Saxi Aynaon Susâ—an Most of these Prouinces haue riuers and waters running through them haue conference and familiaritie by buying and selling with each other both by water and by land It is recorded by the Chinaes themselues in their Chronicles that in these fiftéene Prouinces ther are 591. chiefe Citties 1593. other Citties besides villages whereof some are so great as Citties whereby you may consider the greatnesse of the land Most of the Townes are built vppon riuers and running streames and closed about with broade ditches and thicke stone walles Without the Walles betwéene them and the Ditches is a walke where sixe men on Horse backe maye ryde in ranke and the like within which space is made to mende and repaire the Walles when néede requireth whereof they are very carefull and looke warily vnto them The high waies and foote pathes throughout the
we estéeme our Iewels precious stones And when we aske them why they estéeme them so much they aske vs againe why we estéeme so well of our precious stones iewels whereby there is not any profite to be had and serue to no other vse then only for a shewe that their things serue to some end Their Iustice and gouernment is as followeth Their kings are called Iacatay and are absolutely Lords of the land notwithstanding they kéepe for themselues as much as is necessary for them and their estate and the rest of their land they deuyde among others which are called Cunixus which are like our Earles and Dukes these are appointed by the King and he causeth them to gouerne rule the land as it pleaseth him they are bound to serue the King as well in peace as in warres at their owne cost charges according to their estate and the auncient lawes of Iapan These Cunixus haue others vnder them called Touis which are like our Lords and Lieutenants with whome likewise they deuide and part the land by the king giuen vnto them And these Toms doe yet deuide their parts among their friends such are their soldiers and take an oath to be redie at the commandement of their heads and chief gouernors as wel in peace as in warre at their own proper costes charges euery one must maintayne himself and be content with that part which is allotted vnto him wherewith euerie one of them according to his estate and qualitie may liue well and euerie one of them hath so much power and authoritie ouer those that are vnder him that he may punish banish and put them to death and doe with them if they offend as it best pleaseth him be it with right or with wrong without any appeale or answering before any man this power is not giuen onely to the Gouernors Captaines and Officers ouer their subiects Vassalles and Soldiers vnder their charges gouernments and offices as I said before but also to maisters of houses and fathers ouer their children seruants family so that they may kill beate â—acke hewe theÌ„ as they thinke good and at their pleasures without any resistance or correction for the same The rents and reuenues belonging to the King are very small and are nothing else but rice which is their liuing he hath euery yere onelie 500 thousaÌ„d packes or sackes of Rice and not any other customes rents and reuenues whereof he giueth to 10 or 12 Cunixuâ— each man 30 or 40 thousand sackes the rest is for his owne costes and charges to the maintenance of his estate and the Cunixus must distribute of their parts among the Toms and the Toms among the soldiers wherewith they maintaine themselues euery man in his estate Their spéech is different from the Chinish so that they vnderstand not each other but in writing they differ not for that they vse all the self same figures and characters they vse likewise manie kindes of vowels and in their writing manie courteous spéeches to euery man according to his estate calling with seuerall titles words whereby their spéech is hardly to be learned by a straunger Their religion is much like vnto those of China they haue their Idolles and their ministers which they call Bonses and hold them in great estimation but since the time of the Iesuites being among them there haue bene diuers baptised and become Christians which daylie doe increase among the which were 3 Kings that is the king of BuÌ„go which is one of the principallest kings of Iapan although there are many in the countrie wherewith the Portingales as yet haue had no conference the second the King of Arryma the third the King of Omura Those thrée Kings sent their sonnes and Nephewes with the Iesuites into India from thence to trauell into Portingale and so to Rome to submit themselues vnto the Pope and departing out of Iapan in anno 1582. they ariued in India in the citie of Goa An. 1583. the same yeare that I ariued in India so that we found them yet in Goa and the next yeare after they sayled vnto Portingal from thence to Madril where by the king nobles of Spaine they were with great triumph honour welcomed and receiued and presented with many gyftes From thence they trauelled to Rome vnto the Pope who likewise did them great honor and bestowed many presents vpon them as also all the Cardinals and Lords of Italie for that they trauelled throughout all Italie to Florence Venice Ferrara c. which being done they returned againe vnto Madril with letters from Pope Sixtus and some holie reliques of the crosse that Christ died vpon to present the same vnto the Christian Kings of Iapan as an holie present in the end they ariued in India againe during my being there which was in anno 1587 being with great ioy receiued and so set sayle vnto Iapan where they ariued again with great admiration of all the men of Iapan which the Iesuites did to the end as they said the better to moue the Iapans to be christened and to make them knowe the magnificence of the countrie of Europa because they would not beléeue it being shewed them but the principallest cause and intent of the Iesuites was thereby to reape great profit and to get much praise and commendation for that most of the gifts which the princes of Iapan had giuen them fell to their shares they likewise obtained of the Pope and the king of Spaine that no maÌ„ might dwell in Iapan either Portingale or Christian without their licence and consent so that in all Iapan there are no other orders of Munkes Fryers Priests nor any other religious persons remaining or resident there but Iesuites alone They haue onely among them certaine handie crafts men by them brought out of India with whome they haue to doe but for other men as marchants and others they may but goe and come and not stay there without the Iesuites licence They haue almost all the countrie vnder their subiection such I meane as are conuerted to the faith of Christ as well spirituall as temporall making the Iapans beléeue what they list wherby they are honored like gods for that the Iapans make so great account of them that they doe almost pray vnto them as if they were Saints They had obtained so much fauour of the Pope that hee granted them a Bishoppe of their order which is contrarie to their profession who came out of Portingale to be Bishop in Iapon but dyed in the way betwéene Portingale and India Since that they haue procured an other so that to conclude they haue all the praye vnder their clawes As likewise they doe enioy and possesse the principallest places of Religion in all India where they builde most princely houses which no man dareth withstand or refuse them neither any of the Religious orders haue the meanes or wealth to doe the like This
they know full well howe to bring to passe for that there is not any thing from whence they will not sucke or draw out some profit or aduantage or else they haue the slight and cunning how to get it as well from the King and from other Noblemen and estates as also from the common people it séemeth in a manner that they bewitch men with their subtill practises and deuises and are so wel practised and experimented in trade of marchandises that they surpasse all worldly men To conclude there is not any commoditie to be had or reaped thoroughout all India but they haue their part therein so that the other orders and Religious persons as also the common people doe much murmur thereat and séeme to dislike of their couetous humors A little beyond Iapon vnder 34. and 35. degrées not farre from the coast of China lyeth an other great Iland called Insula de Core whereof as yet there is no certaine knowledge neither of the greatnesse of the countrie people nor wares that are there to be found From Makau East Northeast distant aboue 90. miles lye certaine Ilandes called Lequeo Pequeno or little Lequeo and lye about 20. miles distant from the firme land of China and 90. miles farther in the same course lye other Ilands called Lequeo Maior or great Lequeo All these Ilandes are trauelled vnto and inhabited by those of China whereof we will now cease to speake till an other time hauing particularly made a briefe discourse in an other place of all their manners customes wares and marchandises according to the truest instructions I could find and so will returne againe to the description of Goa together with the places bordering about the same The 27. Chapter A short relation of the land lying behind Goa in the iurisdiction whereof lyeth the said towne of Goa and of the Originall of their Kings and Gouernours with their names by true information giuen by the inhabitants themselues together with their Histories BEfore I begin to write of the towne and Ilande of Goa with the coastes superstitions and other customes of the countrie lying behinde and rounde about Goa as well where the Portingales inhabit as where the natiue countrie men are resident I thought it conuenient to begin with the same somwhat further off then at the present time the better to vnderstand the originall of the people together with the principall causes of the diuisions of the same countries and nations as also their Kings names and surnames Then you must vnderstand that about 300. yeares past there was a mightie King of the countrie of Deli which lyeth within the land behind Goa on the Northside and bordereth vpon the land of Coracone belonging to the King of Persia wherein are made the rich Couerlets and hangings by the Portingales called Alcatyffas which land of Deli is verie colde and hath Snow and Ice in it like the Netherlands This king of Deli brought vnder his subiection all the countries bordering about him among the which were Decam Cuncam Ballagate and the lande of Goa At the same time the countrie of Cambaia which is distant from Goa about 100. miles Northward was ouerrunne and taken fâ—rcibly by the Moores Mahometans and brought the naturall countrimen called Reysbutos being heathens with great tyranie vnder their subiection The land of Ballagate and Decam was before inhabited by heathens that were verie mightie and of great power whose successors are now called Venesares and others that yet dwell within the countrie called Colles which Colles Venesares and Reysbutos of Cambaia doe yet liue by robbing and stealing and those of Cambaia pay tribute to the saide Reysbutos because they should not robbe and spoyle them but suffer them to liue in peace The Colles and Venesares also receiue tribute of the men of Decam and Ballagate for that the Kings could neuer as yet ouercome them although they make no shew thereof but still dissemble with them for that of what soeuer they robbe and steale they haue their parts After this King of Deli had brought all these kingdomes and countries vnder his subiection then came the Tartarians which the Indians call Mogoren and ouercame most part of the countrie of Deli. At the same time there dwelt in the kingdome of Bengalen a Noble Gentleman whose brother the King of Bengallen had wrongfully put to death whereby this Gentleman sought and deuised all the meanes hee could to bee reuenged and did not onely bring it to passe by bereauing the King of his life but also tooke the whole kingdome from him and brought it vnder his subiection and being in this sorte become absolute Lord and King of Bengalla was not therewith content but desiring to augment his kingdome and thereby to win great fame did inuade the countrie of Deli bordering vpon him with a great armie of men and by force draue the Tartarians or Mogoros out of the countrie and so conquered both that lande and all the countries bordering thereabouts as Decam Ballagate and Cuncam as farre as to the kingdome of Cambaia and for a time was the greatest Prince in all those quarters For the Indians affirme that hee had in Compasse vnder his subiection aboue 800. miles of land This King raigning for a time ouer al these lands and countries in the end desiring to liue quietly and to returne vnto his kingdom of Bengala thinking it too troublesome for him to rule so great a countrie did inuest one of his cosins with the countries of Decam Ballagate and Cuncam with the land of Goa and the countries bordering about the same which done he returned into his land of Bengala leauing his saide cosin King and commander of the aforesaid countries This man was alwaies a great friende and wel-willer to strange nations as Arabians Turkes Ruynes and Corasones parted his countries among Gouernours and Captaines to on whereof beeing called Idalham whome the Portingales call Hidalcam he gaue the Gouernment of Angedina which lyeth 12. miles from Goa Southwards stretching towards the North till you come to a place called Siffardan which are 60. miles wherein is contained the towne and Iland of Goa to an other Captaine called Nisa Maluco hee gaue the coast of Siffardan stretching Northwards to Negotana which are 20. miles and lyeth inwards to the land of Cambaia so that those two Captaines had their gouernments in the countrie of Cuncam which lyeth on the Sea coast and seperateth it selfe from the land of Decam by great and high hils called Guate These hils are verie high and haue many corners and hookes of land and doe stretch towardes Cambaia to the Cape de Comorin and from thence backe againe to the coast of Choramandel The hill of Guate is so high that men may easily sée it within Goa and all the coast along though commonly it is couered with clouds and it is the more to bee wondred at for this respect because all other hils are vneuen high and low
such like chances happen dayly by those fishes in India as well in the sea as in the Riuers specially among the Fishers for Pearles whereof many loose their liues In the Riuer of Goa in Winter time when the mouth of the Riuer was shut vp as commonly at that time it is the fishermen tooke a fish of a most wonderfull and strange forme such as I thinke was neuer seene eyther in India or in any other place which for the strangenes therof was presented to my Lord the Archbishop the picture whereof by his commandement was painted and for a wonder sent to the King of Spaine It was in bignes as great as a middle sized Dogge with a snout like a hogge small eies no eares but two holes where his eares should bee it had foure féet like an Elephant the tayle beginning somewhat vppon the backe broad and then flatte and at the verie end round and somewhat sharpe It ranne a a long the hall vppon the flore and in euerie place of the house snorting like a hogge The whole body head taile legs being couered with sâ—ales of a thumb breadth harder than Iron or steele Wee hewed and layd vppon them with weapons as if men should beate vpon an Anuill and when wee stroke vppon him hee rouled himselfe in a heape head and féete altogether so that hee lay like a round ball wee not beeing able to iudge where hee closed himselfe together neyther could wee with anie instrument or strength of hands open him againe but letting him alone and not touching him hee opened himselfe and ranne away as I said before And because I am now in hand with Fishes of India I will here declare a short and true Historie of a Fish although to some it may seeme incredible but it standeth painted in the Viceroyes Pallace in India and was set downe by true and credible witnesses that it was so and therefore it standeth there for memorie of a wonderfull thing together with the names and surnames of the ship Captaine day yere when it was done and as yet there are many men liuing at this day that were in the same shippe and aduenture for that it is not long since and it was thus That a ship sayling from Mosambique into India and they hauing faire weather a good fore winde as much as the Sayles might beare before the winde for the space of fourteene dayes together directing their course towards the Equinoctiall line euery day as they tooke the height of the Sunne in stead of diminishing or lessening their degrées according to the Winde and course they had and held they found them selues still contrarie and euery day further backewards then they were to the great admiration and wondering of them all and contrarie to all reason and mans vnderstanding so that they did not only wonder theraf but were much abasht beeing stedfastly perswaded that they were bewitched for they knew very well by experience that the streame or course of the water in those countries did not driue them backe nor withholde them contrarie to all Art of Nauigation whereupon they were all in great perplexity and feare standing still and beholding each other not once knowing the cause thereof At y e last the chiefe Boteson whoÌ„ they call the masters mate looking by chance ouerbord towards the beakhead of the ship he espied a great broad taile of a Fish that had winded it selfe as it were about the beake-head the body therof beeing vnder the keele and the heade vnder the Ruther swimming in that manner and drawing the shippe with her against the wind and their right course whereby presently they knewe the cause of their so going backewards so that hauing at the last stricken long with staues and other weapons vppon the fishes taile in the ende they stroke it off and thereby the fish left the ship after it had layne 14 dayes vnder the same drawing the ship with it against wind and weather for which cause the Viceroy in Goa caused it to be painted in his pallace for a perpetuall memory where I haue often read it with the day and time and the name both of the shippe and Captaine which I can not well remember although it bee no great matter There are many other fishes in those seas and riuers In the Riuer of Bengala called Gâ—aâ— and by Malacca there are Crocodiles and other sea Serpents of an vnspeakeable greatnes which often times doe ouerturne smal fisher boates and other sentes and deuoure the men that are therein and some of them creeping out of the water vnto the lande do snatch vppe diuers men which they hale after them and then kill them and eate them as it dayly happeneth in those Countries There are by Malacca certaine fish shelles found on the shore much like Scalop shelles so great and so heauie that two strong men haue enough to doe with a Leauer to draw one of them after them Within them there is a fish which they of Malacca do eate There were some of those shelles in the ballast of the shippe that came from Malacca kept company with vs from the Island of S. Hâ—lenâ— to the Islande of Tercera where the shippe was cast away and some of the shelles taken out of her which the Iesuites of Malacca had sent vnto Lisbone to set in the wals of their church and Cloyster which they there had caused to bee made and most sumptuously built The like happened to a shippe called S. Peter that sayled from Coâ— towardes Portingall that fell vpon a sande which at this day is called after the same ships name S. Peters sande lying from Goa South Southeast vnder 6. degrees vpon the South side where it was cast away but all the men saued themselues and of the woode of the shippe that was cast away they made a small Barke or Caruell wherewith they all arriued in India while they were busied about building of their ship they found such great Crabbes vpon that sand and in so great numbers that they were constrained to make a sconce and by good watch to defend themselues from theÌ„ for that they were of an vnreasonable greatnes so that whomsoeuer they got vnder their claws it cost him his life this is most true and not long since done for that in the same shippe wherein I came out of India into Portingal there were two of the Saylors that had beene in the same shippe called S. Peter and affirmed it for a truth as it is likewise paynted in diuers places in Goa for a perpetual memory which I thought good to set downe to shewe the strangenesse of those fishes and it is to be thought that there are many other fishes and sea monsters as yet to vs not known which are dayly found by such as continually vse to sea and doo often meete with them And this shall be sufficient for the fishes sea monsters of India The 49. Chapter Of all fruits trees plants and common hearbs
in India and first of a certain fruit called Ananas ANanas by the Canarijns called Ananasa by the Brasilians Nana and by others in Hispaniola Iaiama by the Spaniards in Brasilia Pinas because of a certain resemblance which the fruite hath with the Pineapple It commeth out of the Prouince of Sancta Croce first brought into Braâ—lia theÌ„ to the Spanish Indies and afterwardes into the East Indies where nowe they grow in great abundance of the bignes of Citrones or of a common Melon They are of a faire colour of a yellow greene which greennes when it is ripe vadeth away It is sweet in taste pleasant in smell like to an Abricot so that by the very smell of them a man may know the houses wherein these fruites are kept A far off they shew like Artichâ—kes but they haue no such sharpe prickes on their leaues the plants or stalkes whereon they grow are as bigge as a Thistle and haue a roote also like a Thistle wheron groweth but one Nut in the middle of the stalke and rounde about it certaine small stalkes whereon some fruite likewise doeth often times grow I haue had some of the Slips here in my garden that were brought mee out of Brasilia but our colde countrey could not brooke them This fruite is hot and moist and is eaten out of wine like a Peach light of disgesture but superfluous in nourishing It inflameth and heateth and consumeth the gums by reason of the small threedes that run through it There are many sortes of this fruite among the Brasilians which according to the difference of their speeches haue likewise differeÌ„t names whereof three kindes are specially named and written of The first called Iaiama which is the longest the best of taste and the substance of it yellow The second Bomama that is white within and not very sweet of taste The thirde Iaiagna which is whitish within and tasteth like Renish Wine These fruites likewise do grow some of themselues as if they were planted and are called wilde Ananasses and some growe in gardens whereof we now make mention The wilde growe vppon stalkes of the length of a pike or Speare rounde and of the bignesse of an Orange ful of thorns the leaues likewise haue sharpe pricks and round about full of soft 〈…〉 the fruite is little eaten although they are of an indifferent pleasant taste The whole plantes with the rootes are ful of iuyce which being taken about seueÌ„ or eight of the clocke in a morning and drunke with Sugar is holden for a most certaine remedie against the heate of the liuer and the kidneyes against exulcerated kidneyes mattery water and excoriation of the yarde The Arabians commend it to be good against Saynt Anthonies fire and call it Queura He that is desirous to reade more hereof let him reade Costa in the proper Chapter of Ananas and Ouâ—edius in the eight booke and eighteenth Chapter and Theuetius in his obseruations of America in the six and fortieth Chapter Ananas preserued in Sugar are like Cocumbers whereof I haue had many Ananas is one of the best fruites and of best taste in all India but it is not a proper fruit of India it selfe but a 〈…〉 fruite for it was first brought by the â—ortingalles out of Brasillâ— so that at the 〈◊〉 it â— is sold for a noueltie at a 〈…〉 and sometimes more but now there are so many growen in the Countrey that they are very good cheape The time when they are rype is in Lent for then they are best and sweetest of taste They are as bigge as a Melon and in forme like the heade of a Distaffe without like a Pine apple but softe in cutting of colour redde and greenish They growe about halfe a fadome high from the grounde not much more or lesse the leaues are like the Hearbe that is brought out of Spayne called Aloe or Semper viua because it is alwayes greene and therefore it is hanged on the beames of houses but somewhat smaller and at the endes somewhat sharpe as if they were cut out When they eate them they pull off the shell and cutte them into shee s or peeces as men desire to haue them drest Some haue small kernelles within them like the kernelles of Apples or Peares They are of colour within like a Peach that is ripe and almost of the same taste but in sweetenesse they surpasse all fruites The iuyce thereof is like swéete Muste or newe Renish Wyne a man can neuer satisfie himselfe therewith It is very hotte of nature for if you let a knife sticke in it but halfe an houre long when you draw it forth again it will bee halfe eaten vppe yet it doeth no particular hurte vnlesse a man shoulde eate so much thereof that hee surfet vpon them as many such greedie and vnreasonable men there are which eate all thinges without any measure or discretion The sicke are forbidden to vse them The common way to dresse the common Ananasses is to cut them in broad round cakes or slyces and so being stooped in wine it is a very pleasant meat The 50. Chapter Oâ— Iaqua or Iaacca THis fruite groweth in Calecut and in some other places of India neere to the Sea and vpon ryuers or waters sides It is a certaine fruite that in Malabar is called Iaca in Canara and Gusurate Panar and Panasa by the Arabians Panax by the Persians Fanax This fruite groweth vpon great trees not out of the branches like other fruites but out of the body of the tree aboue the earth and vnder the leaues The leaues are as bigge as a mans hand greenish with a thick hard veine that goeth cleane thorough the length of them The smallest of this fruite specially that which groweth in Malabar and is the best of all is greater then our greatest Pumpians I meane of Portingall They are without couered with a hard shell of colour greene otherwise it is much like the Pine apple saue onely that the shell or huske seemeth to be set ful of pointed Diamants which haue certaine greene and short hookes at the endes but at the verie points are blackish and yet are neither sharpe not pricking although they seeme so to be These fruites are like Melons and sometimes greater outwardly greene and inwardly Yelow with many soft prickles apparrelled as it were like a Hedgehog Those that grow in Goa are not so good nor of so good a taste as those in Malabar This fruit being ripe which is commonly in December smelleth very sweete and is of two sorts wherof the best is called Barca the other Papa which is not so good and yet in handling it is soft like the other The best cost about 40. Maruedies which is somewhat more then a Ryall of plate and being ripe they are of a blackish colour and with a hard huske the outward part thereof which compasseth the Nut is of many tastes some times it tasteth like a Melon somtimes like a Peach and
vsed in India for many medicines caryed into al places Galanga is a roote with many â—nots being red both inwardly outwardly the knottes running about it smelling well and sharpe of taste for sauor and fashion like the Cyperus roote wherefore by some men it is esteemed for Cyperus of Babylon It heateth and dryeth in the third degree therefore it comforteth the stomake and driueth away the payne thereof proceeding of cold and windynesse It healeth a stincking breath it helpeth the beating of the hart being drunk with the iuyce of the leafe of Weghe it healeth the Colicke proceeding from wind it is good also against the windines of the Mother it increaseih lust heateth the kidneyes and euerie morning eating a little therof it healeth the head-ache which hath long indured Of these and such like herbes there are manie in India and in the Orientall parts the names and properties whereof are to mee vnknowne because they are not so common nor knowne among the meaner sort of people but onlie by Physitians Apothecaries and Herbalistes therefore I haue onlie spoken of such as are commonlie knowne and daylie vsed And this shall suffice for Spices Drugges and medicinable herbes The 84. Chapter Of all sorts of Pearles both great and small and of precious stones as Diamantes Rubies Topaces Saffires and other such like stones called Oriental stones and of the Bezers stone which is good against poyson and such like diseases and in what manner and place they are found PEarles by the Portingales are called Perolas that is such as are great and the small Alioffar in Latin Margaritas in Arabia Lulu in Persia and India Motu and in Malabar Mutiu The principall and the best that are found in all the Orientall countries and the right Orientall pearles are some betwéene Ormus and Bastora in the straights or Sinus Persicus in the places called Bareyn Catissi Iulfar Camaron other places in the said Sinus Persicus from whence they are brought into Ormus The King of Portingale also hath his Factor in Bareyn that stayeth there onlie for the fishing of pearles There is great trafficke vsed with them as well in Ormus as in Goa There are also other fishings for pearle as betwéene the Iland of Seylon and the Cape de Comriin where great numbers are yearelie found for that the King of Portingale hath a captaine there with certaine soldiers that looketh vnto it they haue yearlie at the lest aboue 3 or 4 thousaÌ„d duckers y t liue onlie by fishing for pearles and so maintaine themselues whereof euerie yeare many are drowned or deuoured by y e fishes called Tubarones or Hayen whereof I haue alreadie made meÌ„tion these pearls are not so good nor so much esteemed as the pearles of Ormus and are of a lower price which they know likewise how to discerne at the first sight There are also pearles found by the Iland of Borneo and the Iland of Aynon on the coast of Cauchinchina but those of Ormus surpasse them all They are fished for by dukers that diue into the water at the least 10 12 and 20 fadome déepe They grow in Oysters but the great pearls are found in the Oysters that swimme aloft and the smallest called Alioffar are commonly in the bottome of the sea The duckers are naked hauing a basket bound at their backes which being at the bottome to make the more hast they rake full of Oysters and durt together and then ryse vp againe and throwe them into boates that lie readie for the purpose with men in them which presentlie take the Oysters and lay them on land to drie where with the heate of the Sunne they open of themselues and so they find the pearles of Alioffar in the fish and when they haue made an end of fishing for that day all the Fishers with the Captaine Soldiers laborers and Watchmen for the King goe together and taking all the pearles that are caught that day they diuide them into certaine heapes that is one part for the King an other part for the Captaine and Soldiers the third part for the Iesuites because they haue their Cloyster in that place and brought the Countrie first vnto the Christian Faith and the last part for the Fishers which is done with great Iustice and equalitie This fishing is done in Summer tyme and there passeth not any yeare but that diuers Fishers are drowned by the Cape de Comoriin which is called the Kings fishing and manie deuoured by Fishes so that when the fishing is done there is a great and pitifull noyse and cry of women and Children heard vpon the land for the losse of their husbands and friends yet the next yeare they must to the same worke againe for that they haue no other meanes to liue as â—lso for that they are partlie compâ—lled thereunto by the Portingales but most part are content to doe it because of the gaine they get thereby after all the danger is past They finde sometimes many and sometimes but a few Pearles in one oyster sometimes two hundred graines and more The oysters that haue the best Pearles in them are thinne and white which the Indians call Cheripo wherof they make spoones and cups to drink in The Pearles are sold by siues which are made of mettell driuen into thin plate for that purpose whereof the holes are round There are many sorts of these siues the first hath small holes and the Pearles that passe through them are at one price the next siue hath greater holes and the Pearles that fall through it are at higher price and so foorth at the least seauen or eight siues The small stuffe that serue for no Pearles they call Alioffar and are sold by the ounce and vsed by Potticaries and Phisitions and to that end many of them are caried into Portingall Venice and are very good cheape To giue the Pearles a faire colour in India they vse rice beaten a little with salt wherewith they rub them and then they become as faire and cleare as christall and so continue There is yet an other sort of oysters by the Indians called Chaâ—lia by the Portingales Madre Perolâ— or in other of Pearle are of the shell fishes that wee call inkehornes which they know how to prepare and make cleane They bring many of them into Portingale to sâ—rue for to drinke in and to keepe for an ornament for pleasure specially those that come out of China and Bengalen some guilt and painted with colours very faire some wrought with branches and other figures as we dayly see them brought thether In India they make diuers thinges of them as deskes tables cubbards tables to play on boâ—es staues for women to beare in their hands and a thousand such fine deuises which are all inlaid and couered with this Chanco or Mother of Pearle very faire to beholde very workmanlike made and are in India so commoÌ„ that there is almost no place in those countries but they haue of them
duckets In this manner you may alwaies know what a Diamant is worth hauing rated the price of one Quilate the waight of the Diamant you will esteeme being thus knowne as by example is shewed and so you may the easilier make your account There are some Diamants that are faultie and vnperfect and are not worth 40. duckets but of a lesse price according to the faultes and may be worth 36.35.34 30. duckets or any lower price as the faultes are estéemed in that case it is very troublesome to knowe what half a Quilat or grain should be worth wherin you must do thus wheÌ„ you haue esteemed what a Quilat of such a Diamant may be worth that in y e weight thereof there falleth out a halfe Quilat or grain then you must first knowe what value it woulde bee worth being of one Quilate and then make your account y t the fourth part of such a price is the value of halfe a Quilate so that when a Quilate is worth 40. duckets a halfe Quilate is ten duckets and one grayne two duckets and a halfe for foure graines is a Quilate if the Quilate be 36. duckets the halfe Quilate is 9. duckets and one graine two duckets and one Teston and so after that rate may you know y e price of all Diamants of what qualitie soeuer they bee The like reckening is made with thinne Diamantes Rubies and Emeraldes that is made with those which are of greater price as I shall hereafter shew you You must vnderstand that a Rubie bee of such a quantitie that it may accompany a Diamant of one Quilate it is worth 70. duckets or that there be any which in weight doe accompany a Diamant of halfe a Quilate or grayne then you must make your account by halfe Quilates or graynes and you must alwayes knowe the price of one Quilate and must vnderstande that the fourth parte of 70. duckettes is the value of one halfe Quilate and the fourth part of a halfe Quilate is the price of a grain and so you shall make your reckening of Emeraldes each one according to his waight and price There are some Diamantes that are thinne and yet shew very cleare which are more worth then they weygh and lesse then their clearnes sheweth for a Diamant hauing a very thinne table and hollow yet on y e vpper side hauing y e perfection in square as I said should be in a thick diamant which is of so good perefection both in sides hookes such a Diamant sheweth to be of two Quilates and weygheth but one wherefore wheÌ„ your Diamant is of what greatnes soeuer it may be being perfect in the vpper parte and thinne vnderneath you must alwaies make your account that being thinne vnderneath it is of lesse wayght then it sheweth for and if it be not altogether thinne vnderneath then it weygheth more yet the waight profiteth it nothing at all and hauing the vpper table smaller and the sides greater it will also weigh more but the wayght auayleth it not but you must alwaies esteeme it to weygh but the halfe of that it sheweth for and not being wholly thin vnderneath it will weygh more but to no end and hauing the table smal and the sides and corners great it weigheth more but the weight auayleth not but you must estéeme it to weigh but halfe so much as it sheweth for for that before it bee made ready it will lose much of the waight Now if there bee a Diamant that hath a great table outwardes the corners small it shall not weigh halfe so much as it sheweth for yet is it not any thing y e worse for that vnlesse the corners were too small nowe if there bee a Diamant thinne vnderneath and square aboue with the perfections that shoulde belong vnto it it is worth being of one Quilate 70. duckets and hauing any faultes or spots euery man may wel consider what hinderance they are vnto it and after this manner a man may easily set the pryce value of them and make his account after the rate of thicke Diamantes his account being made of halfe the weight they seeme or shewe to haue as if they shew to bee two Quilates make your reckening of one Quilate and if it shew three Quilates make your account of sixe grams which is the half and if there be any halfe Quilates then see the price what a Quilate is worth and so what a halfe amounteth vnto and so make your account as aforesaide by thicke Dyamantes and in graynes the like for there is no other difference then in the pryce for that a perfect and cleare thinne Diamant of 〈◊〉 Quilate is worth â—â— â—â—ckets and 〈…〉 or lesse waight accordingly 〈◊〉 The 89. Chapter Of Rubies WHen you haue a Rubie to value or esteeme that is squared table wise as it should bee and that such a Rubie is to accompany a Dyamant of the same waight of Quilates and so manâ— Quilates in colour if it hath foure and twentie Quilates in colour and perfection like Golde of foure and twentie Quilates then it is certaine it is both fine and good The Rubie is not solde by the waight because it hath no certaine thicknesse for that many of them are made thinne for pleasure to the sight and the better to lay the grounde or leaues vnder them and it may very well bee thinne but not very much for then it should bee a lot and hinderance vnto it if a Rubie be whole and perfect both in colour cleannesse thicknesse squarenesse and forme it is worth an hundred duckets but there are very fewe that are perfect in all pointes specially being great for they haue alwayes some faultes or spottes that are couered and hidden but right perfect there are none or very few and not many men haue any great knowledge therein therefore I will say thereby to make our account that a Rubie which in common shew is accounted perfect and good is worth seuentie duckets so that when a Ieweller or stone cutter doeth aske another for a Rubie which hee hath not 〈◊〉 sayth onely there is a Rubie of greatnessâ—â—o accompany a Diamant of so many Quilates and hath so many Quilates in colour the other thereby vnderstandeth of what colour and greatnesse it is Now hauing a Rubie or Rubies with tables or vnground and are to value them or knowe what they be worth you shall consider with your selfe and say thus if there were a Rubie that were no greater then this onely seruing to accompany a Dyamant of one Quilate and were of such colours clearenesse and qualities as this in quantitie and greatnes had the faultes in all respects that this hath what would it bee worth and hauing well considered the qualities goodnes or badnesse with the faults how much they imbase the price thereof and hauing thereafter esteemed your price beeing to accompany a Diamond of one Quilate kéep that price in your memorie and looke on the Rubie how
parts with a very good table and were to bee compared with a Diamond of one Quilate it would bee worth 40. duckets but hauing any imperfections euery maÌ„ may well consider what hurt and abate they may doe in the price and after the same rate make his account as hee doth in Rubies the Ballayeses are likewise sold by waight but not in that sort as Diamonds and Rubies but they are estéemed according to the waight that is the best â—layes that may be found being of one Quilate may be worth ten duckets and hauing any faults eyther in colour or other perfections is of lesse valew but beeing perfect as I said alreadie it is worth ten duckets and two Quilates twentie duckets of three Quilates thirtie duckets and so after the rate as it is small or great being of the waight it should bee and beeing imperfect euery man ofskill may well consider what it is worth being of one Quilate estéeme it thereafter The 91. Chapter Of Orientale Pearles THe Orientale Pearles are better then those of the Spanish Indies and haue great difference in the price for they are worth more and haue a better glasse being clearer and fairer Those of the Spanish Indies commonly beeing darker deader of colour yet there are some found in the Portingall Indies that are nothing inferiour to the Orientale Pearles but they are very few Now to valew them as they shuld be I wil only set the good Pearles at a price A Pearle that in all partes is perfect both of water glasse and beautie without knobs of forme very rouÌ„d or proportioned like a pearle without dents being of one Quilate is worth a ducket and after this rate I will make my reckoning as I doe with Diamonds Rubies and Emeraulds and if there be any faults in the water clearenes and fashion or that it hath any knobs or other defaults it may well be considered what hurt it may bee vnto the sale thereof and according to the goodnes or badnes valew the price therof which hauing valewed we must sée what it weigheth and then make the reckoning thereof as with Diamonds Rubies Emeraulds if there be a whole string or a chaine full of Pearles you must looke well vpon theÌ„ for where there are many they are not all alike the greatest beeing the best the other after the rate for the goodnes of the great wil beare the badnes of the smal but if it be contrary then the bargen is not very good This shall suffice for instruction to such as desire to deale therewith to haue alwaies in their memorie and what herein is wanting for the better vnderstanding and knowledge hereof it may be supplied by true Iewellers and stone cutters that are skilfull in this point and with these instructions can easily help so that a maÌ„ shall not need wholly to put his trust in those that for their owne profit will giue them but bad counsell therein The 92. Chapter Of â—rtaâ—ne â—emorable thinges passed in India during my residence there IN the month of December Anno 158â— there ariued in the towne and Island of Ormus foure EnglishmeÌ„ which came from Aleppo in the couÌ„trie of Suria hauing sayled out of England and passed through the straightes of Gibraltar to Tripoli a towne and Hauen lying on the sea coast of Suria where all the shippes discharge their wares and marchandises and frome thence are caryed by land vnto Alleppo which is nyne dayes iourney In Aleppo there are resident diuers marchants and Factors of all Nations as Italians Frenchemen EnglishmeÌ„ Armenians Turkes Mores euerie man hauing his Religion apart paying tribute vnto the great Turke In that towne there is great trafficke for that from thence euerie yeare twyse there trauelleth two Caâ—ylen that is companies of people and Camelles which trauell vnto India Persia Arabia and all the countries bordering on the same and deale in all sorts of marchandise both to and from those Countries as I in an other place haue alreadie declared Three of the said Englishmen aforesaide were sent by the Companie of Englishmen that are resident in Aleppo to see if in Ormus they might keepe any Factors and so trafficke in that place like as also the Italians doe that is to say the Venetians which in Ormus Goa and Malacca haue their Factors and trafficke there as well for stones and pearles as for other wares and spices of those countries which from thence are caryed ouer land into Veâ—e One of these Englishmen had beene 〈◊〉 before in the said towne of Ormus and there had taken good information of the trade and vpon his aduise and aduertisement the other were as then come thether with him bringing great store of marchandises with them as Clothes Saffron all kindes of drinking glasses and Haberdashers wares as looking glasses kniues and such like stuffe and to conclude brought with them all kinde of small wares that may be deuised And although those wares amounted vnto great summes of money notwithstaÌ„ding it was but onlie a shadow or colour thereby to giue no occasion to be mistrusted or seen into for that their principall intent was to buy great quantities of precious Stones as Diamantes Pearles Rubies c. to the which ende they brought with them a great summe of money and Gold and that verie secretly not to be deceyued or robbed thereof or to runne into anie danger for the same They being thus aryued in Ormus hyred a Shop and began to sell their wares which the Italians perceyuing whose Factors continue there as I sayd before and fearing that those Englishmen finding good vent for their commodities in that place wold be resident therein and so daylie increase which would be no small losse and hinderance vnto them did presently inuent all the subtile meanes they could to hinder them and to that end they went vnto the Captaine of Ormus as then called Don Gonsalo de Meneses telling him that there were certaine Englishmen come into Ormus that were sent only to spy the Country and said further that they were Heretickes and therefore they sayd it was conuenient they shuld not be suffered so to depart without béeing examined and punished as enimies to the example of others The Captaine being a friend vnto the Englishmen by reason that one of them which had bene there before had giuen him certaine presents would not be perswaded to trouble them but shipped them with all their wares in a Shippe that was to sayle for Goa and sent them to the Viceroy that he might examine and trye them as hee thought good where when they were aryued they were cast into prison and first examined whether they were good Christians or no and because they could speake but bad Portugale onlie two of them spake good Dutche as hauing bene certaine yeares in the lowe Countries and there traffiqued There was a Dutch Iesuite borne in the towne of Bâ—gges in Flaunders that had bin resident in the Indies for the space
of thirty yeares sent vnto them to vndermine and examine them wherein they behaued themselues so wel that they were holden esteemd for good and Catholick Romish Christians yet still suspected because they were strangers specially Englishmen The Iesuites stil told them that they shuld be sent prisoners into Portingal wishing them to leaue off their trade of marchandise to become Iesuites promising them thereby to defend them from all trouble the cause why they said so and perswaded them in that earnest maÌ„ner was for that the Dutch Iesuite had secretlie bene aduertised of great summes of money which they had about them and sought to get the same into their fingers for that the first vowe and promise they make at their entrance into their order is to procure the welfare of their said order by what means soeuer it be but although the Englishmen denyed them and refused the order saying that they were vnfit for such places neuerthelesse they procéed so farre that one of them being a painter that came with the other thrée for company to sée the countries and to séeke his fortune and was not sent thether by the English marchants partly for feare and partlie for want of meanes to relieue himselfe promised them to become a Iesuite and although they knew and well perceiued he was not any of those that had the treasure yet because he was a Painter whereof they are but few in India and that they had great néed of him to paint their church which otherwise would cost them great charges to bring one from Portingal they were very glad thereof hoping in time to get the rest of them w t all their money into their fellowship so y t to conclude they made this Painter a Iesuite where he continued certain daies giuing him good store of worke to doe and entertayning him with all the fauour and friendship they could deuise and all to win the rest to be a pray for them but the other thrée continued stil in prison being in great feare because they vnderstood no man that came to them nor anie man almost knew what they said till in the end it was told them that certaine Dutch men dwelt in the Archbishops house counsell giuen them to send vnto them whereat they much reioiced and sent to me and an other Dutch man desiring vs once to come and speake with them which we presentlie did and they with teares in their eyes made complaint vnto vs of their hard vsage shewing vs froÌ„ point to point as it is said before why they were come into the countrie with all desiring vs for Gods cause if we might by any means to helpe them that they might be set at liberty vpon Sureties being readie to indure what Iustice should ordaine for them saying that if it were found contrarie and that they were other then trauelling marchants and sought to find out further benefite by their wares they would be content to be punished With that wee departed from them promising them to do our best and in the ende we obtained so much of the Archbishoppe that he went vnto the Vice-roy to delyuer our petition and perswaded him so well that hee was content to set them at libertie and that their goods shuld be deliuered vnto them again vpon condition they should put in sureties for 2000. Pardawes not to depart the countrie before other order should bee taken with them Therupon they presently found a Citizen of the towne y t was their suretie for 2000. Pardawes where they paide him in hand 1300. Pardawes and because they say they had no more ready monie he gaue them credite séeing what store of marchandise they had whereby at all times if néede were hee might bee satisfied and by that meanes they were deliuered out of prison and hyred them selues a house and began to set open shoppe So that they vttered much ware and were presently well knowne among all the Marchants because they alwaies respected Gentlemen specially such as brought their wares shewing great curtesie and honor vnto them whereby they wonne much credite and were beloued of all men so that euerie man fauoured them and was willing to doe them pleasure To vs they shewed great friendship for whose sake the Archbishop fauoured them much and shewed them verie good countenance which they knew wel how to increase by offering him many presents although hee would not receiue them neither would euer take gift or present at any mans hands Likewise they behaued themselues verie Catholikely and verie deuoute euerie day hearing Masse with Beades in their hands so that they fel into so great fauour that no man caried an euill eye no nor an euill thought towards them Which liked not the Iesuites because it hindered them from that they hoped for so that they ceased not still by this Dutch Iesuite to put them in feare that they should bee sent into Portingall to the King counselling them to yéeld them selues Iesuits into their Cloyster which if they did he said they would defend them from all in troubles saying further that he counselled them therein as friend and one that knew for certaine that it was so determined by the Viceroyes priuie Counsell which to effect he saide they stayed but for shipping that should sayle for Portingall with diuers other perswasions to put them in some feare so to effect their purpose The English men to the contrarie durst not say any thing to them but answered that as yet they would stay a while and consider thereof thereby putting the Iesuites in good comfort as one among them being the principal of them called Ioâ—n Nuberye complained vnto me often times saying hee knew not what to say or thinke therein or which way he might be rid of those troubles but in the ende they determined with themselues to depart from thence and secretly by meanes of contrarie friends they imployed their money in precious stones which the better to effect one of them was a Ieweller and for the same purpose came with them Which being concluded among them they durst not make knowne to any man neither did they credite vs so much as to shewe vs their minds therein although they tolde vs all whatsoeuer they knew But on a Whitsunday they went abroad to sport themselues about thrée miles from Goa in the mouth of the ryuer in a countrie called Bardes hauing with them good store of meate and drinke And because they should not be suspected they left their house and shop with some wares therein vnsolde in custodie of a Dutch Boy by vs prouided for them that looked vnto it This Boye was in the house not knowing their intent and being in Bardes they had with them a Patamar which is one of the Indian postes which in winter times caryeth letters from one place to the other whom they had hyred to guide them because that betwéene Bardes and the Firm land there is but a little ryuer in manner halfe drie
by reason of the great moysture fell downe to the grounde as also because the stone wherewith they are built is verie soft and their morter the more half earth In the same month of August there happened a foule and wonderfull murther within the towne of Goa and because it was done vpon a Netherlander I thought good to set it downe at large that hereby men may the better perceyue the boldnesse and filthie lecherous mindes of the Indian women which are commonly all of one nature and disposition The thing was thus a young man borne in Antwarpe called Frauncis King by his trade a stone cutter was desirous as many young men are to sée strange countries for the same cause trauelled vnto Venice where he had an vncle dwelling who being desirous to preferre his cosin sent him in the company of other Marchantes to Aleppo in Suria where the Venetians haue great trafficke as I saide before there to learne the trade of marchandise and specially to deale in stones to the which ende he deliuered him a great summe of money This young youth being in Aleppo fell into company in such sort that in steede of increasing his stocke as his vncle meant he should doe he made it lesse by the one halfe so that when the other Marchants had dispatched their businesse and were readie to depart for Venice Frauncis King perceyuing that hee had dealt in such sorte that halfe his stocke was consumed and spent in good fellowshippe knew not what to doe as searing his vncles displeasure not daring to returne againe to Venice vnlesse hee caried as much with him as hee brought from thence in the end hee tooke counsell of some Venetians with whome hee was acquainted that willed him to goe with the Caffila or Caruana that as then was ready to go vnto Bassora and from thence to Ormus in India assuring him seeing hee had knowledge in stones that hee might doe great good and winne much profite in those Countries and thereby easily recouer the losse that by his folly hee had receyued which would turne to his great benefite and likewise no hurt vnto his vncle Which counsell hee followed determining not to returne backe againe before hee had recouered his losse and to the same ende and purpose hee ioyned himselfe with certain Venetians who at the same instant trauelled thether and so went with the Caffila till they came vnto Bassora the best Towne in all those Countries lying vppon the vtter parte of Sinus Persicus that goeth towardes Ormus and from thence by water till they arriued in Ormus where euerie man set vppe his shoppe and began to sell his wares but Francis King being young and without gouernment séeing himselfe so far distant from his vncle made his account that the money he had in hie hands was then his owne and began againe without anie foresight to leade his accustomed life taking no other care but onlie to be merie and make good cheare so long till in the end the whole stock was almost clean spent and consumed and beginning to remember himself and to call to mind his follies past hee knewe not what course to take for that to goe home again he thought it not the best way as wāting the meanes and again he durst not shew himself in the sight of his Vncle. At the last he determined to trauell vnto Goa where he vnderstood he might well get his liuing by setting vp his trade til it pleased god to work otherwise for him and so he came to Goa and being there presently set vp shoppe to vse his occupation But because he found there good company that is to say Netherlanders and other Dutchmen that serued there ordinarily for Trumpetters and Gunners to the Viceroy who did daylie resort vnto him he could not so well ply his worke but that he fell into his wonted course which he perceiuing in the end determined to make his continuall residence in Goa and for the same purpose set downe his rest to seeke some meanes there to abide as long as he liued seeing all other hope was cleane lost for euer returning againe vnto his Vncle or into his owne countrie At the same time among other strangers there was one Iohn de Xena a French man borne in Deepe that in former times was come into India for drum vnto one of the Viceroyes and hauing beene long in the countrie was maryed to a woman of Ballagate a Christian but by birth a More This French man kept a shoppe in Goa where he made Drummes and other Ioyners worke and withall was the Kings Oare maker for the Galleyes whereby he liued in reasonable good sort He had by his foresaid wyfe two sonnes and a daughter and as strangers of what nation soeuer they be vse to take acquaintance one of the other being out of their owne countries speciallie in India where there are very few and do hold together as brethren which to them is a great comfort so this Frauncis King vsed much to this French mans house by whome he was verie much made of and very welcome as thinking thereby to bring him to match with his daughter because of his occupation which is of great account in India because of the great number of Diamants other stones that are sold in those countries and to conclude as the manner of India is that when they haue gotten a man in once they will neuer leaue him he ceassed not with many promises and other wonderful matters to draw Frauncis so farre that he gaue his consent thereunto which afterwardes cost him his lyfe as in the historie following you shall heare the true discourse To make short they were maried according to their manner the Bryde being but 11 yeares old very fair and comelie of bodie and limme but in villanie the worst that walked vppon the earth yet did her husband account himselfe a most happie man that had found such a wyfe as he often times said vnto me although he was so ielous of her that he trusted not any man were they neuer so néere friends vnto him but he in whome he put his greatest trust least suspected was the onelie worker of his woe When he was betroathed to his wife the father promised him a certain péece of money and vntill it were payde he and his wyfe should continue at meat and meale in his father in lawes house and should haue a shop adioyning to the same and whatsoeuer he earned should be for himself When all this was done and the matter had remained thus a long while by reason that the father in law could not performe the promised summe because their houshold increased it came to passe that the old man fel into a sicknesse and died and then Frauncis King must of force pay his part towards the house kéeping which he liked not of thereupon fel out with his mother in law and on a certaine time made his complaint to me asking my counsel therein I
ten thousand duckets readie money were in doubt that they should not finde wares enough to lade it withall yet in the end it was in a manner laden as well as the other ships were Nowe it was agréed by the owners that sold it that the Maister Gunner and chiefe Boteswaine shoulde kéepe their places stil within the shippe as they had when it sailed to China and Iapen The Gunners name was Diricke Gariâ—son of Enchusen who after he had beene 20. yeares in India was minded as then to saile in that shippe to Portingall with whome because of olde acquaintance and for his company I minded to sée if I could get any place within the shippe And because the farmers of pepper had their factors in India that were DutchmeÌ„ which lay there in the behalfe of the Foukers and Velsares of Ausburg who at that time had a part of the pepper laden in that ship and vse to send in each ship a Factor to whome the King alloweth a Cabine and victuails for the voyage This place of Factor in the said shippe called Santa Crus I did obtaine of the Farmers because they were of my acquaintance Whereupon I prepared my selfe to depart and got a Pasporte of the Viceroy without which no man may passe out of India as also a Certificat out of the Kinges chamber of accountes and out of the Matricola generall wherein all such as come into India are registred with a note of my paye which by the Kings commandement is appoynted to bee paide vppon certificate from thence and withall the time of my residence in India and what place I was imployed in there that when I came into Portingall I might haue recompence if I would aske it or minded to returne againe into India But although I had no such intent yet I must of force obserue this order to make them thinke I would returne againe and the easier to obtaine my Pasport which was easily graunted mée by the Gouernour as also the other Certificates and hauing obtayned them I tooke my leaue of all my friends and acquaintance not without great griefe as hee that was to depart out of his second naturall dwelling place by reason of the great and long continuance that I had made in those countries so that I was in a manner halfe disswaded from my pretended voyage But in the end the remembrance and affection of mâ— true natural countrie got the vpper hâ—nd and ouer ruled me making me wholy to forget my conceipt vnto the contrarie and so committing my selfe my affaires vnto God who onely can direct and helpe vs and giue good successe to all endeuours I entred into my new pretended course In the Month of Nouember 1588. the ships sayled againe from Goa to the coast of Mâ—lâ—baâ— Cochijn to take in their lading And the 2â— of the same month the Santa-Cruâ— set sayle to begin our Viage The 28. day we arriued in Honor a Fort belonging to the Portingals and the first they haue vpon the coast of Malabar which lyeth Southward from Goa eighteene miles in which place we were assigned to take in our lading of Pepper They vsed not before to lade any Pepper in that place so that we were the first that euer laded there but from thence forwards they minded yearely to lade one ship there because the Queene of Batticola that lay not farre from thence and Honoâ— being within her Iurisdiction or kingdom had bouÌ„d her selfe yearely to deliuer seauen or eight thousand Quintales of Pepper so that the Farmers paied her halfe y e mony for the same sixe Months before thee deliuered it and then shee would deliuer it at times For the which cause the Farmers haue their Factor in Honor to receiue it of her by waight and lay it vp till the time of lading commeth The like haue they in all the other Fortes vppon the coast of Malabar as at Mangalar Baâ—selor Cananor Cochijn Coulan c. Nowe to know the right manner of farming of the Pepper you must vnderstand that the Farmers take the same to Farme for fiue yeres and bind themselues euery yeare to send their stocke of readie money for thirtie thousand Quintales of Pepper so that the King will send ships to lade it in The King on the other side bindeth himselfe to performe and to send euerie yeare fiue ships the Farmers bearing the aduenture of the Sea both of their mony sending thether and of the Pepper brought from thence must lade it in India into the ships at their owne costs and charges which being brought into Portingall they deliuer al the Pepper to the King at the price of twelue Ducats the Quintall if any bee cast away or taken vpon the Sea it is at the Farmers charge for the King dealeth not but onely with that which is deliuered him in Portingall being drie and faire laide vp in the Kings store house in Lisbone for the which he payeth not any money vnto the Farmers vntill the said Pepper be sold with the mony wherof he payeth them so that the King without any hazard or disbursing any thing oâ— his owne hath alwaies his money for his Pepper without the losse of any one pennie And in that respect the Farmers haue great and strong priueledges first that no man of what estate or condition so euer he bee either Portingall or of any place in Indiâ— may deale or trade in Peper but theâ— vpon paine of death which is verie sharply looked vnto Likewise they may not for any occasion or necessitie whatsoeuer diminish or lessen the ordinarie stocke of money for the Pepper neither hinder or let them in any sorte concerning the lading thereof which is also verie strictly obserued For although the Pepper were for the Kings owne person yet must the Farmers Pepper be first laden to whome the Viceroy and other Officers and Captaines of India must giue al assistance helpe and fauour with watching the same and al other things whatsoeuer shall by the said Farmers bee required for the safetie and benefite of the saide Pepper For the lading and prouiding wherof the said Farmers are to send their Factors seruants and assistants of what nation so euer they bee except Englishmen Frenchmen and Spaniards vnto euery place to see it laden and dispatched away for other strangers may not goe into India without the speciall licence of the King or his counsell of India The Pepper commonly costeth in India 28. Pagodes the Bhar euerie Bhar is three Quintales and a halfe Portingall waight so that euery Quintall standeth them in twelue Pardawes Xeraâ—â—ius and foure â—angoes Euerie Quintall is 1â—8 pounds and euerie Pardawe thrée Testones or thirtie Stiuers heauie money and euery â—aâ—ga â—iâ—â—e Reijs or sixe Stiuers which is twelue Dollers of sixtie pence Flemish the peece after the rate of Portingall money and twentie foure Stiuers of the like money besides all charges aduenture of the Seas But the great quantitie maketh them gaine the
the South vnder seuen de grées and from that time forwards we saw her no more but onely the tokens of y e casting of her away about the Cape de bona Speranza which after being at the Island of S. Helena was tolde vs more at large The same day we had a great storme of wind and raine so that the Ruther of our great maste by force of the Sea was broken And from the line we had a North and northwest wind with continuall raynes stormes and fowle weather neuer ceasing vntill wee came vnder 20. degrees which was vpon the 25. of Februarie and then wee had a Southeast wind with fayrer weather called by the Portingalles the generall wind which they commonly finde and looke for vnder 12. degrees but we had it not before we were vnder â—0 degrees the cause whereof wee thought to be for that we had put so farre into the sea out of the common way This wind commonly holdeth vnto 27. or 28. degrées little more or lesse and then they must looke for all kindes of windes and weathers vntill they come to the Cape de bona Speranza without any certainty of winds The 5. of March being vnder 25 degrées we had an East winde with a most great storme and exceeding raine so that our Ruther-staffe brake and two more that we had in the shippe one after the other being put vnto it broke likewise with the pinne and y e ioynt wherein the ende of the Ruther hung and we were forced to lie and driue without steering hauing stricken all our sayles and the shippe so toised by the waues on all sides that wee had not one drie place in all the ship In this sort wee lay driuing for the space of two dayes and two nights together with a continuall storme and fowle weather with rayne The same night we saw vppon the maine yarde and in many other places a certaine signe which the Portingalles call Corpo Santo or the holy body of brother Peter Gonsalueâ— but the Spaniards call it S. Elmo and the Greekes as ancient writers rehearse and Ouid among the rest vsed to call it Helle and Phryxus Whensoeuer that signe sheweth vpon the Maste or maine yarde or in any other place it is commonly thought that it is a signe of better weather when they first perceiue it the maister or the chiefe boteswaine whistleth and commaundeth euery man to salute it with a Salue corpo Santo and a misâ—ricordia with a very great cry and exclamation This constellation as Astronomers do write is ingendred of great moysture and vapors and sheweth like a candle that burneth dimly and skippeth from one place to another neuer lying still We saw fiue of them together all like the light of a candle which made mee wonder and I should haue hardly beleeued it but that I saw it and looked verie earnestly vpon it and although it was fowle weather whereby I had no great leasure to think vpon such curious thinges notwithstanding I came purposely from vnder the hatches to note it Those fiue lights the Portingals cal Coroa de nossa Seâ—liora that is deere Ladies Crowne and haue great hope therein when they see it And therewithall our men being all in great feare and heauines and almost out of hope began againe to reuiue and to be glad as if thereby they had beene fully assured of better comfort The seuenth of March wee had better weather and then we tooke counsell how to mend our Ruther some were of opinion we shoulde saile to Mosambique and rule the Ruther with a rope others were of contrary opinion and said we might mend it abord and so performe our voyage so that at the last we pulled certaine péeces out of the ships side for we had not brought one with vs as néede required but being pulled forth they were all too little and woulde not serue In the ende wee sound it conuenient to take one of the bosses in our shippe and thereof to make an Anuile and of two Oâ—e hydes a payre of bellowes wherewith wee went to worke and of a péece of an olde hooke or dragge wee tooke two or three ends whereof but one woulde serue and that halfe broken and the splinters wee bounde with an Iron hoope and so being fitter to the Ruther wee set forwards in the name of God This asked vs two dayes worke before wee could dispatch it theÌ„ we hoysed sayle again with great ioy gaue diuers almes to our Lady and the Saintes wâ—th many promises of better life as being in misery mâ—n commonly do The day after we tooke the height of the Sunne and found our selues to be vnder 28. degrees and two thirdes being in the height of the land called â—erra Dâ—natal although wee were at the least â—â—â— miles to seaward from the lande and there wee had good weather with a Southeast winde In this countrey called â—erra Doâ—â—â—aâ— which reacheth to 3â— degreesâ— and at the Cape de bona Spâ—â—anza and is the hardest passage that is in all the voyage and oftentimes they feare the land of Natal more thâ—n â—he â—ape for there commonly is stormy and fowle weather and many shippes haue â—eene spoyled and cast away as the Portingalles recordes can verie well shew In the same countrey also wee founde the signes of the casting away of the S. Thomas so that to to conclude commonly the shippes doe there pay tribute by casting some lading ouer bord or else leaue body and all behind and therefore it is called Terra Donatal that is to say the lande of Christmasse and for this cause they neuer passe it without great feare but with good watch and great foresight all their ropes being stiffe and well looked vnto the peeces drawne in and all chestes pottes fattes and other roomage that are not stowed vnder hatches being throwne ouer borde into the sea and euery thing setled and made ready in his place for that in this coast they haue one houre fayre weather and another houre stormie weather in such manner as if heauen and earth should waste and be consumed In that place likewise with a cleare and fayre weather there commeth a certayne cloude which in shew séemeth no bigger then a mans fist and therefore by the Portingals it is called Oâ—ho de Boy or Oxe eye and although as then it is cleare and calme weather and that the sailes for want of wind do beate against the mastes yet as soone as they perceyue that cloude they must presently strike all their sayles for that commonly it is vpon the ships before they perceyue it and with such a storme and noyse that without al doubt it would strike a shippe into the water if there be not great care had to looke vnto it as it chaunced to the second fléete after the Portingalles had discouered the Indieâ— there being ten or twelue shippes in company which in such a calme and fayre weather let all their sailes hang and regarded them not and
this custome they obserued in this our nauigation for sodainely the cloud came with a most horrible storme and fell vppon them before they coulde preuent it whereby seuen or eight of them were sunke into the seas and neuer heard of againe and the rest with great hurt and much daunger escaped But from that time forwards they looked better to themselues and haue learned to know it so that at this present they watch for it and yet it giueth them worke enough to doe This storme falling ouer their heads in this sorte continueth through the whole Countrey of Terra Donatal vntil you passe the Cape de bona Speranza The 12. of March being vnder 31. degrees wée were right in the winde and had a calme whereupon we stroke all our sayles and so lay driuing 4. dayes together which the Portingalles call Payraes hauing a verie high sea which tossed our shippes in such sort that the Saylers estéemed it to be worse then a storme for that there the waues of the Sea mette in such sorte on all sides and clasped the shippe in such manner betwixt them that they made all her ribbes to cracke and in a manner to open so that it is very dangerous for the shippes We were in very great care for our Fouke-maste and therefore we bound our Mastes and all the shippes about with Cables as harde as possible wee might This continued till the 17. of March and then we had a little wind so that we hoised saile againe but it continued no longer then to the next day and then we fell againe into the wind and had a storme wherewith our maine yard brake and then againe wee stroke al our sails and so lay driuing or Payraering as the Portingalles call it In the meane time we mended our maine yard and so wee continued driuing without our sailes till the 20. of March with great risings of the waues of the sea which much tormented vs as in that place they commonly doe all the which time we were vnder 31. degrées and could not passe forward In that time we saw many birdes which the Portingals call Antenalen and are as bigge as Duckes The 2◠of March wee had a little winde but very sharpe yet we hoysed our sailes and sayled by the wind The next night after we had a calme which continued to the 22. day and then we fell againe into the winde with so great a storme that wee were compelled to strike all our sayles which wee coulde hardly pull in and could not stay the shippe in any sort it draue so fast whereby wee were in great daunger so that wee were compelled to binde the bonnet about the Fore-castle which was our sayle for other sayle we might not beare and so sayled backwarde whether the winde would driue vs thereby to haue some ease and yet we had enough to doe for wee were compelled to throwe our great Boate ouer bord with all the chests pots and vesselles that stoode vpon the Hatches with other wares such as came first to hand This storme continued for the space of two dayes three nights without ceasing The 25. of March being the day before Palme sunday we had a better wind and weather after we had giuen great almes to our blessed Ladie of the Annuntiation whose Feast was vppon that day and again hoysed vp our sayles keeping our course towards the Cape At the same time we had a disease in our ship that tooke vs in y e mouth lippes throate and tongue which tooke off the skin and made them swell whereby they could not eate but with great paine and not one in the ship but had it The eight of Aprill in the Morning after we had sayled fifteene daies before the winde towards the Cape we perceiued some signes of the land which is greene water but wee found no ground yet was it not aboue fortie miles from the land according to the Pilots iudgement We saw there also diuers of the Birds called Mangas de Velludo that is to say Veluet sleues for they haue vpon the ends of their wings blacke points like Veluet all the rest beeing white and somewhat gray which they hold for a certaine signe of land that lyeth within the Cape de Bona Speranza called Baya de la Goa or the Bay of the Lake and lyeth vnder thirtie thrée degrées a halfe from the coast that reacheth towards Mosambique The ninth of Aprill at night we were againe right in the winde being vnder thirtie fiue degrees and a halfe with a great storme and foule wether that continued till the 14. of the same Month so that we were compelled not being able to endure the force of the Sea with the continuall storme and foule wether to sayle back againe before the wind with the halfe of our Fouke sayle vp for that wee found our selues not strong enough to driue without sayles as the shippes commonly vse to doe which oftentimes is the cause of their casting away as it may well be iudged by reason of the great force and strength of the waues that runne there so that it seemeth almost impossible for a ship to beare out so great a force though it were of Iron And although we sayled before the winde yet wée had danger inough for that the Sea came behinde and ouer our shippe and filled all the Hatches whereby wee were compelled to binde our Mastes Cables and all the shippe round about with Ropes that with y e great force of the Sea it might not stirre and flye in péeces And forced wee were to Pumpe night and day hauing at each ende of the Fouke-yarde a rope that reached to the Pilot and at each rope there stoode fifteene or sixteene men the Pilot sitting in his seate and the vnder Pilot behinde vpon the sterne of the shippe to marke the course of the Sea and so to aduertise the other Pilot. At the ruther there stoode ten or twelue men and the other Saylers vpon the Hatches to rule the sayles as the waues came and couered the shippe the vnder Pilot called and then the chiefe Pilot spake to them at the Ruther to hold stiffe and commaunded the ropes that were at the Fouke yarde to bee pulled stiffe the Saylers likewise and the chiefe Boteswaine standing on the Hatches to keepe the ship right in the waues for if the waues had once gotten vs about that they had entred on the sides of the shippe it had certainly beene said of vs Requiescant in pace And it was there almost as cold as it is here with vs in winter when it freeseth not whereby wee were all sore toyled and in a manner out of hart so that wee esteemed our selues cleane cast away for we were forced by turnes to go to the ruther from thence to the pumpe not one excepted so that we had no time to sleepe rest eate nor cloath our selues and to help vs the better the staffe of our Ruther brake in péeces and had
the sea and so the Caruels borded vs telling vs that the men of the Island were all in armes as hauing receiued aduise from Portingall that Sir Francis Drake was in a readines and would come vnto those Islands They likewise brought vs newes of the ouerthrow of the Spanish Fléet before England and that the English men had béene before the gates of Lisbone wherupon the king gaue vs commandement that we should put into the Island of Tercera and there lie vnder the safetie of the Castle vntill we receiued further aduise what wee should doe or whether we should saile for that they thought it too dangerous for vs to goe to Liâ—bone Those newes put our fleet in great feare and made vs looke vppon each other not knowing what to say as being daÌ„gerous for them to put into the road because it lieth open to the sea so that the Indian ships although they had expresse commandement from the king yet they durst not anker there but only vsed to come thether and to lauere to and fro sending their boates on land to fetch such necessaries as they wanted without ankering but being by necessity coÌ„pelled thereunto as also by the kinges commandement and for that wee vnderstood the Earle of Cumberland not to bee farre from those Islands with certaine ships of war we made necessitie a vertue and entring the rode ankered close vnder the Castle staying for aduise and order from the king to performe our voyage it being then the 24. of July S. Iames day We were in al 6 ships that is 5. from East Indies one from Malacca lay in the rode before the Towne of Angra from whence we presently sent three or foure Caruels into Portingal with aduise vnto the king of our ariuall There we lay in great daunger and much feare for that when the month of August commeth it is very dangerous lying before that Iland for as then it beginneth to storme The shippes are there safe from all windes sauing onely from the South and Southeast windes for when they blow they lie in a thousand dangers specially the east IndiaÌ„ ships which are very heauily laden and so full that they are almost readie to sinke so that they can hardly be stéered The fourth of August in the night we had a South winde out of the sea wherewith it began so to storme that all the ships were in great danger to be cast away and to run vpon the shore so that they were in great feare and shot off their péeces to call for help The officers and most of the sailers were on land none but pugs and slaues being in the ships for it is a common custome with the Portingales that wheresoeuer they anker presently they goe all on land and let the shippe lie with a boy or two in it All the bels in the Towne were hereupon rung and there was such a noyse and crie in euerie place that one could not heare the other speak for those that were on land by reason of the foule weather could not get aboard and they in the Shippe could not come to land Our Shippe the Santa Crus was in great danger thinking verily that it shuld haue run vpon the sands but God holy them The ship that came from Malacca brake her Cables and had not men enough aboard the shippe nor any that could tell how to cast forth another anker so that in the end they cut their mastes droue vpon the Cliffes where it stayed and brake in péeces and presently sunke vnder the water to the vpper Dorlope and with that the winde came North West wherewith the storme ceased and the water became calme If that had not béene al the ships had followed the same course for that some of them were at the point to cut their Masts and Cables to saue their liues but God would not haue it so In that ship of Malacca were lost many rich and costly Marchandises for these ships are ordinarily as rich as anie ships that come from India as being full of all the rich wares of China Mâ—luco Laua and all those countries so that it was great pittie to sée what costly thinges as Silkes Damaskes clothes of gold and siluer such like wares fleeted vpon the sea and were torne in péeces There was much goods saued that lay in the vpper part of the ship and also by duckers as pepper Nutmegs and Cloues but most of it was lost and that which was saued was in a manner spoyled and little worth which presently by the kinges officers in the Island was seased vpon and to the Farmers vses shut vp in the Alsandega or Custome house for the Kinges custome not once regarding the poore men nor their long and dangerous Voiage that had continued the space of three yeares with so great miserie and trouble by them indured in Malacca as in another place I haue alreadie shewed so that they could not obtaine so much fauour of the king nor of his officers that of the goods that were saued and brought to land they might haue some part although they oâ—fered to put in suerties for so much as the custome might amount vnto or els to leaue as much goods in the officers hands as would satisfie them and although they made daily and pittifull complaintes that they had not where with to liue and that they desired vppon their owne aduentures to fraight certaine shippes or Caruels at their owne charge and to put in good suerties to deliuer the goods in the Custome house of Lisbone yet could they not obtaine their requests but were answered that the king for the assurance of his custome and of all the goods would send an Armado by sea to fetch the goods which fetching continued for the space of two yeares and a halfe and yet nothing was done for there came no Armado In the meane time the poore saylers consumed all that they had and desperately cursed both themselues the king and all his officers yet in the end by great and importunate sute of the Farmers of the pepper euery maÌ„ had licence to lade his goods in what ship hee would after it had laine there for the space of two yeares and a halfe putting in suerties to deliuer the goods in the custome house of Lisbone where they must pay the halfe more of the same goods for custome to the King without any respect of their hard fortune and great miserie during their long and dangerous Voyage and he that will be dispatched in the Custome house there must sée the officers otherwise it is most commonly three or foure monthes before the goods are deliuered vnto the owners and the best thinges or any fine deuise that the Marchants for their own vses bring out of India if the officers like theÌ„ they must haue them yet they will promise to pay for them but they set no day when so that the poore Marchants are forced to giue them rest and wel contented that
Fryday the Cardinall going to Masse all the Captaines and Commanders made so great intreaty for him that in the end they got his pardon This I thought good to note that men might vnderstand the bloodie and honest mindes of the Spaniardes when they haue men vnder their subiection The same two English shippes which followed the Spanish Admirall till he had got vnder the Fort of Tercera as I said before put into the sea where they met with an other Spanish ship béeing of the same Fléet that had likewise bene scatered by the storme and was onlie missing for the rest lay in the road this small shippe the Englishmen tooke and sent all the men on shore not hurting any of them but if they had knowne what had beene done vnto the foresaid English captiues I beleeue they would soone haue reuenged themselues as afterwards manie an innocent soule payed for it This ship thus taken by the English men was the same that was kept and coÌ„fiscated in the Iland of Tercera by the English men that got out of the Iland in a fisher boate as I sayd before and was sold vnto the Spaniardes that as then came from the Indies wherewith they sayled to S. Lucas where it was also arrested by the Duke and appointed to goe in company to fetch the siluer in Tercera because it was a shippe that sayled well but among the spaniardes fleet it was the meanest of the company By this meanes it was taken from the Spaniards and caryed into England and the owners had it againe when they least thought of it The 19 of Marche the aforesaid shippes being 19 in nuÌ„ber set sayle hauing laden the Kings siluer and receiued in Aluaro Flores de Quiniones with his company and good prouision of necessaries munition and soldiers that were fullie resolued as they made shewe to fight valiantly to the last man before they would yeeld or lose their riches and although they set their course for S. Lucas the wind draue them vnto Lisbon which as it seemed was willing by his force to helpe them and to bring them thether in safetie although Aluaro de Flores hoth against the wind and weather would perforce haue sayled to Saint Lucas but being constrained by the wind and importunitie of the Saylers that protested they would require their losses and damages of him he was content to sayle to Lisbone from whence the Siluer was by land carried into Siuilia At Cape Saint Vincent there lay a Fleete of twentie English shippes to watch for the Armada so that if they had put into Saint Lucas they had fallen right into their handes which if the wind had serued they had done And therefore they may say that the wind had lent them a happie Viage for if the Englishmen had met with them they had surely beene in great danger and possibly but few of them had esâ—â—ped by reason of the feare wherewith they were possessed because fortune or rather God â—as wholly against them Which is a sufficient cause to make y e Spaniards out of hart to the contrarie to giue the Englishmen more courage and to make them bolder for that they are victorious stout and valiant and seeing al their enterprises doe take so good effect that thereby they are become Lordes and masters of the Sea and neede care for no man as it well appeareth by this briefe discourse In the month of March 15â—â— There was a blasing Starre with a tayle seene in 〈◊〉 that continued foure nights together stretching the taile towards the South In the Month of May a Caruel of Fayâ— arriued at Tercera in the Hauen or Roade of Angra laden with Oxen sheepe Hennes and all other kinds of victuals and full of people which by a storme had broken her Ruther whereby the Sea cast her about and therewith shee sunke and in her were drowned three children and a Frier Franciscan the rest of the men saued themselues by swimming and by helpe from the shore but all the Cattle and Hennes came drowned to land the Frier was buried with a great procession and solemnitie esteeming him for a Saint because hee was taken vp dead with his Booke between his armes for the which cause euery man came to looke on him as a myracle giuing gret offerings to say Masses for his soule The first of August the Gouernour of Tercera reeceiued aduise out of Portingall and Spaine that two yeares before the date of 〈…〉 there were sayled out of England 〈◊〉 great shippes wel apointed with full resolution to take their fourme seuen of them into the Portingall Indies and the other fiue to Maâ— of the which fiue two were cast away in passing the Straightes of Magellaneâ— and three sayled to Malacâ—â— but what they had done there was as then not knowne The other seuen passed the Cape de Bona Speranza and arriued in India where they put into the coast of Malabar and there tooke sixe Foistes of the Malabares but let them goe againe and two Turkish Gallies that came out of the Straightes of Mecca or the redde Sea to whome likewise they did no hurt And there they laded their shippes with Spices and returned backe againe on their way but where or in what place they had laden it was not certainely knowne sauing onely that thus much was written by the Gouernour of India and sent ouer land to Venice and from thence to Madâ— The seuenth of August a Nauie of English shippes was seene before Tercera being 20. in number and fiue of them the Quéenes shippes their Generall was one Martin Furbuâ—her as wee after had intelligence They came purposely to watch for the Fleet of the Spanish Indies and for the Indian shippes and the ships of the countries in the West which put the Ilanders in great feare specially those of Fayâ—el for that the Englishmen sent a Trumpet to the Gouernour to aske certaine wine flesh and other victuals for their mony and good friendship They of Fayael did not onely refuse to giue eare vnto them but with a shot killed their messenger or Trumpeter which the Englishmen tooke in euill part sending them word that they were best to looke to themselues stand vppon their gard for they ment to come and visite them whether they would or no. The Gouernor made them answere that he was there in the behalfe of his Maiestie of Spaine and that he would doe his best to keepe them out as he was bound but nothing was done althogh they of Fayael were in no litle feare sending to Tercera for aide from whence they had certaine Barkes with poulder and munition for warre with some Bisket and other necessarie prouision The 3. of August we receiued very certaine newes out of Portingal that ther were 80. ships put out of y e Câ—â—â—nlâ—o laden with victuals Munition money and Souldiers to goe for Britaine to aide the Catholicks and Leaguers of Fraunce against the King of Nauarre At the same time two Netherland Hulkes comming
not to bee credited but verie bolde and valiant in armes and in the warres wherein they vse bowes and arrowes whereof the shafts are made of hartes goates or skinnes finely painted and so cunningly wrought that in these countries they cannot be mended and in steede of heades they take fishes teeth or sharp peeces of wood they exercise their boyes in leaping shooting in bowes and playing with balles they haue great delight in hunting and fishing their kings holde continuall warres not sparing any of theyr enemies if they ouercome them but presently cutte off theyr heades to bee no more troubled with them which comming home they set vp in certaine places for a triumph and victory Women and children they will not hurt but keepe and nourish them among them and returning from theyr warres they call all theyr subiects together where for the space of three dayes they doo nothing but banket and make good cheere with singing and dauncing To the olde women that are among them they giue the skinne and the haire of the heades of their enemies that are cutte off compelling them to daunce and sing songs in prayse and thanksgiuing to the Sunne as hauing by his meanes obtained victorie They haue no Religion nor any knowledge of the true and liuing God but in steede of him as other Americans they honour the Sunne and the Moone They feare theyr Priestes and put great credite in them because they are great coniurers southsayers and inuocaters of Diuelles which by most feareful meanes they cause to appeare Their priestes are likewise theyr phisitions and surgeons for the which cause they vse continually to beare a sacke full of hearbes and salues to heale theyr sicke people with for the most parte haue the pocks as beeing verie hot of nature and much addicted to lecherie whereby often times they vse women maydes children and Boyes Euerie man hath but one wife onely the king to whome it is permitted to haue twoo or three but with this condition that the first hee marrieth shall bee honoured before the rest and onely holden for Quéene and her children to inherite his goods and to be heires of the crowne The women doo al the worke about their houses and when they are once with child their husbands neuer deale with them vntill they be deliuered and eate no meate of their dressing at such time as they haue their flowers Besides this al the countrey is ful of Flermophroditers which of nature are both man and woman those are kept to labour and to carrie their munition and weapons when they go to warres they paint their faces and put certaine birds feathers into their haires thereby to seeme the fairer and more fearful Their prouision of virtuals is bread and Meele of wheate and hony they rost their Meele of Maiz because it may continue the longer cause some broiled fish dried to be carried with theÌ„ In time of dearth they eate many bad things putting sande and coales among their meale When they go to warres the king goeth first hauing in one hand a staffe in the other a bow with arrowes in a case hanging on his shoulder the rest follow him with bowes and arrowes either in cases or else stucke in their haire at their meeting with the enemie and also in fight they vse great and fearefull cries like other Barbarians Turkes and Tartarians They neuer beginne war before they haue taken counsell together meeting about it in the morning in which their assemblies they vse a very strange custome which is to be noted for that being assembled they lette themselues downe on both sides of the king in maner of a half Moone the king sitting alone in the middle of them vppon a stoore made of nine peeces of round wood higher then the rest that hee may bee knowne which done they come and do him honour saluting him the oldest beginning first and lifting their handes aboue theyr heades speake and say Ha He. Ya Ha Ha the rest answering Ha. Ha which done each man sitteth downe And if there be any matter of great importance to bee handled the king causeth the priests by them called lauas and the auncients to be sent for asking their aduice meane time he causeth certain women to seethe Cacinam which is a certain drink prest out of leaues which being sodden and clarified the king being set with his Lords others each man in his place there commeth one in presence of them all and lifting vp his hands and blessing and wishing them al good lucke filleth a cuppe of mother of pearle ful of that hot drinke which he first presenteth to the king which hauing drunke he willeth him giue it to the rest This drinke they make great aâ—câ—at of and giue it not to any man that sitteth in councell before he hath shewed some valiant act in the fielde against the enemie which drinke is of such force that presently after they haue drunke it 〈◊〉 maketh them sweate and such as drinke it 〈◊〉 it vp againe are not imployed in an great affaires nor may not serue as Captaine or other officer in the fielde as being vnfit for such a place for that when they are in the field they must of force often times fast two or three dayes together to the which ende this drinke is verie good for that whosoeuer drinketh it may wel fast foure and twentie houres after and neither eate nor drinke wherefore when they go to warre they cause the Hern oâ— hrediter to carry diuers bottles of that drinke with them which sustaineth feedeth and strengthneth the body not once making their headesâ—le nor light They sow their wheate twice euerie yeare that is in the moneths of March and Iune all vpon our land in three moneths being ripe and readie to reape The other sixe moneths they let the earth he vntitled they haue very great Pumptans melons very good beanes they neuer dung their ground but burne off the Stubble which in the sixe monethes consumeth and with those ashes fatten the ground as they do us some places of Italy they plow and dig vp their ground with a woodden spit or shouel and throw two or three graines of wheate into one hole as wee vse to set beanes or pease when their corne is to be sowed the king sendeth one of his seruants to assemble the people that they may plow and dig the earth and then causeth much of the aforesaide drinke to be made to giue it to the labourers The wheate being reaped they carrie it into a common barne or place made for the purpose whereof euerie man according to his desert hath a parte They sow no more then necessarily wil serue keeping the rest to serue theÌ„ for the six months wherein they sow not and for longer time they prouide not also euerie yeare in winter time they withdraw themselues into the woods for three or foure moneths together continuing there in certaine places made of Palme tree branches meane time feeding
a more temperate aire The fruits of this countrey are many whereof Ananas is the best the leaues whereof are like the leaues of Iris or aloes a little bowing and in manner rounde the fruit is long like Cucumbers or distaues when they are greene they presse a certaine iuice out of them which tasteth as pleasantly as Maluesie of this fruite I haue alreadie spoken in the description of the east Indians so that at this time it is needlesse to write any more thereof as being ther to be read there is an hearb in Brasilia by y e Tououpinambaultiâ— called Petum which we call Tabacum or Nicouana and now it groweth in our gardens but not so good nor so strong as theirs this hearb is sufficiently described by Clusius and other writers very well knowne it hath leaues like our dock leaues or Consolida Maior by the Brasilians it is much esteemed which they gather and make into balles and being dried take foure or fiue of the leaues and rubbing them togither they make theÌ„ burne the smoake whereof they receiue in to their bodies which doth so fill nourish them that hauing receiued in the smoake they will goe two or three dayes when they are in the warres and neither eate nor drinke which Leâ—ius likewise hath tried as also that the same smoake maketh men auoyde sleugine out of their heads therefore the Indians weare bundles thereof about their neckes to smel vnto it the rootes Maniot and Aypi I haue alredy described There is likewise another kind of roote called Hecich whereof there are three kindes some being sodden are blew others yellow like quinces and the rest white like parseneps they are all good of taste specially the yellow which being rosted are as good as peares are there in as great aboundance as turnops in Sauoy about two handfulles thicke and a foote and a halfe long the hearb runneth along vpon the ground and hath leaues like cucumers or great spinage but differing in colour neerer to the broome or white wilde vine leaues because these roots neuer yeeld seed they are cut in péeces and planted n the earth he that desireth to knowe more hereof let him reade Clusius his workes and they wil satisfie his desire There is also a kinde of nut by them called Manobi which groweth vnder the ground and hang by little thréedes one fast to an other hauing a substaunce within them like to our hazel nuttes of a browne whitish colour with huskes like the shelles of pease Touching Brasilia pepper which also at this present day groweth in our gardeins and very hot it is by Mathiolus called Sâ—iquastium and Brasilia beanes and pease whereof néedeth no great description as being commonly knowne To conclude you must vnderstand that séeing Brasilia hath no wilde beasts foules fishes nor liuing creatures such as are in Europa neyther yet trees nor hearbs onely pulcelen basill and vaarne or felix which growe in some places thereof we may say with the Prophet Dauid in his 104. psalme O Lord thy works most strange and wonderfull both far neere are seene known right well How wisely thou al things dost bring to passe whereby al creatures thy great goodnes feele And who can either number write or show the kindes of beasts that are in land and sea And surely these people might well be accounted happy if they had the knowlege of the true and euerliuing God A briefe discourse of their warres and armes TOuching their warres they vse them not thereby to get riches by force or to inlarge their dominions but only of meere affectioÌ„ and desire they haue to reuenge the deaths of their forefathers which by theyr enemies haue from time to time beene taken and deuoured wherein they are so zealous that as many of their enemies as they take are sure to die the like death and to be eaten by them and hauing once begunne warres with their neighbours they wil neuer be friends againe but where or howsoeuer they can intrap or catch each other they are sure to die The manner of the Tououpinambaulâ—ers warres are in this Although they haue no Kings nor Princes among them not one of them beeing of greater account than the rest yet they haue this custome that they honour their auncients by them called Peore ru Picheb and in euery village they are ready to do as they commaund them which their auncients many times walking among them or else sitting in their hanging beddes of cotten take occasion to vse this maner of spéech vnto the people saying Are not our forefathers that haue fought with ouercom slain and eaten so many of our enimies an example vnto vs not to stay coÌ„tinually at home shall we suffer our nation which in times past was so fearful to our enemies that they durst not looke them in the face be thus brought into so open shame and reproach that it shall be saide our ennemies came to assaile vs within our owne houses shal we by our negligence and slownesse stay and watch till the Margaâ—aters and the Peros Engaipa which are cruell Portingales doe first shew their powers and execute theyr tirannies vpon vs hauing spoken in that manner he clappeth his handes vppon his buttockes and crying out saith Erima Erima Tououpinambaults conomi ouassou Tan Tan c. that is Beholde my friends you strong yong men is this conuenient to be done let vs rather arme our selues and by force be ouerthrowne or els reuenge our iniuries receiued These and such like Orations which indure for the space of sixe howers at the least do the Elders vse vnto the people which they with great patience and quietnes hearken vnto and therewith are so incouraged that presently with all spéed they assemble themselues togither in a certaine place and in great numbers with swordes and holberdes by them called Tacapes of red or blacke wood very heauy like bore trees about fiue or sixe foot long round at the end like a spit a foote broad and the thickenesse of a thumbe in the middle al the other part sharpe Besides those weapons they haue orapats which are bowes there are likewise of blacke or red wood wherewith they can shoote so sure and certainly that no man excelleth them of the which bowes and arrowes because there are so many of them brought into these countries there needeth no great description withall they haue bucklers of the skinnes of Tapiroussou broad flat and round like the couer of a drumme wherewith they couer not themselues but vse them onely to receiue their enemies arrowes these are al the wepons they do commonly vse only that they do put on certayne kindes of apparell made of feathers wherewith they set foorth theyr bodies otherwise they will not haue any thing vpon their bodies were it but a bare shirt that might be any let or hinderaunce vnto them And being armed in this manner they set forward sometimes eight or tenne thousand men with certaine women not
leade him what hee hath done speaketh vnto them in this manner When I was at libertie I haue manye times in this sorte bound your friendes and kinsmen and with much more boldnesse commending himselfe and setting forth his actions tourning his face on all sides and looking about him hee speaketh to some one of them and saith Hearest thou friend It is I that ate thy father and to an other sirra it was I that killd thy brother and broyled him vpon the coles and haue taken and eaten so many of your people that I am not able to number them and be you well assured that my friendes the Margaiaters will not leaue my death vnreuenged and will once catch some of you and serue you in the like sort And in this maner being shewed round about the village in the end the two men that holde him stepping backe about thrée elles distant from him pulling the rope wherewith hee is bounde on both sides so strait that therewith he standeth fast and is not able to stirre eyther backward or forward which done they bring vnto him certain stones or peeces of broken pots and they that hold him bound in that manner being couered with bucklers of tapâ—roussou speake vnto him and aske him if before he die he will reuenge his death wherewith presently in great fury he throweth stones at them as also at al others standing round about him which many times are aboue foure thousand people not once caring how many of them are hurt or wounded not although he should breake any of their legges with a blowe and hauing cast stones potshardes earth and all whatsoeuer he can reach then he that must kill him hauing al that day kept himselfe close and not once come forth goeth vnto him and saieth Art not thou one of the Margaiaters our ennemies hast not thou thy selfe taken prisoners and eaten some of our kinsmen and friends whereunto the prisoner answereth him and saith Pa che tan tan aiouca aâ—oupaue that is I am he that hath slaine and eaten many of your people and to grieue them the more hée layeth both his hands vppon his head and saith O howe lustily haue I therein behaued my selfe howe earnestly haue I pursued you in the battell and haue eaten an innumerable companie of you Wherewith he that shal kil him answereth him and saith Therefore now séeing you are here and our prisoner I will kill you and your body being rosted shall likewise be eaten Whereunto hee answereth and saith Well what remedy assure your selfe my friendes will reuenge my death and while he speaketh he is stricken down with the wooden holbert and if he had a wife as during their imprisonment they commonly haue she falleth first vpon the dead bodie and with a few although crocadiles teares she weepeth ouer him for that it is saide the Crocadile weepeth before he deuoureth the dead body he hath slaine in the same maner do they for that the false teares once shed she woulde be the first that shoulde eate his flesh which done the other women specially old womeÌ„ as being most desirous to feed on mens flesh tell those women that keepe the prisoners that they must make haste to bring the dead body and hot water with them wherewith they rubbe scrape and wash the body so cleane that the skinne goeth off the flesh séeming as white as a roasted pigge which done commeth the maister of the prisoner with as many companions as he thinketh good and diuideth the dead body as quickely as a Butcher with vs should cut vp a shéepe or other beast and as with vs when the hunters haue killed a Bucke throw the entrailes and bloud vnto the houndes so those Barbarians annoynt their children with the bloud of theyr dead ennemy thereby to prouoke them to cruelty and reuenge before the Christians vsed to those countries they cut the body in peeces with certayne stones but now they haue kniues The man in that sort diuided and the intrailes being washed and made cleane the girdirons are looked vnto by the other women that are very desirous of maÌ„s flesh where they fit and licke vp the fat that droppeth off the quarters therewithal most ernestly exhorting and prouoking the yong men and childreÌ„ to take some more of their enemies and to bring them such meate In this sort one two or thrée prisners or more as it falleth out being slaine and rosted all the company that are present assemble about their boucans or girdirons of wood for that the Indians rost no meate vppon spittes as some men paynt them to do for that they thincke it impossible that euer it should be rosted enough being turnd round about where they make great ioy leaping skipping and with most fierce countenances beholding the rosted quarters euerie man taking a peece not for hunger or desire of eating as some would think or because without all doubt mans flesh is verie sauorie but rather in respect of reuenge specially the olde women that are most rauenous of mans flesh for their intent is onely to gnaw the flesh of their enemies to the bare bones thereby to putte the rest of the prisoners as then not slaine in greater feare for that to satisfie their monstrous and greedie desires there is not one peece of the whole body not so much as their fingers endes nose and eares but by them is eaten onely the vaines and the scull which they keep as wee doo dead mens bones in our Church-yards and shew them as signes of their dictories and triumphs The great bones of their legges and armes are kept to make pipes and their teeth they put vpon strings which they weare about their necks Those that haue killed them estéeme it for an honourable action and departing from the rest of their companie cutte certaine slashes in their breasts armes legs and other fleshie places wherein they put a certaine salue thereby to make scarres and signes thereof in their bodyes vpon the which they throw certaine blacke pouder which neuer goeth off being of opinion that the more strikes he hath in his bodye the more men he hath murthered and for the same is accounted a lustie fellow and of great courage And to finish their bloudy tragedie if it fortune the woman that was giuen vnto the prisoners during his imprisonment for his wife bée with childe they take the childe when it is borne a thing most fearefull and horrible to heare for they neuer suffer it to growe to yeares and eate it alleadging that such children are of their enimies séed And those Barbarians doe not onely séeke vtterly to extinguish their enemies but woulde likewise haue other strangers and countrymen that come among them to vse the same cruelty and to eate mens flesh which by some reiecting all humanitie hath beene done ¶ Of the religion of the Brasilians and the misery or feare where into the poore men are brought by their Caraiben not acknowledging any God IN the historie of Peru
the poynt is a land which is not ouer lowe where you sée certayne Downes as aforesaide ¶ Here followeth the Nauigation from the Line to the Towne of the Kings called Lyma FRom hence forwarde wee haue declared the coast of Panama in the South sea til you come to the hauen of Quixinus which lieth in the Countrey of Peru now I will goe forward with the course that lieth betweene Quixinus and the towne of Kings so then departing from the poynt de Passos the coast stretcheth south and south and by weast to the hauen called Porto veio or the Old Hauen and before you come thither there lieth the strand called Charaqui wher the ships may put in without any daunger and it is so safe a strand that they may there lay their ships on shoare and mend them if they neede be they neuer so great for it is a good hauen of entraunce onely that in the midle of the entry there lieth certain stones or rugged Islands but the shippes may enter at which side they wil and passe by them without any danger for there is nothing to be shunned but onely that which you sée before your eyes the Olde Hauen lieth vnder one degrée on the south side of the Equinoctiall line and is one of the fiue Townes which the christians or Spaniardes haue built in the flat land of Peru so that Porto Veio signifieth the towne and countrey lying thereabouts which is much ouerrunne wasted because it is a poore vnwholesome country yet it hath certain mines of Sinaragdes which they held long time hidden and by no meanes would discouer them as to this day they yet do They had likewise in times past many golde and siluer vessels which are by the Spaniardes all taken and carried away but now by the kings letters patents being made frée they pay to theyr superiour lords but onely the tenth parte of all their fruits whereby many Spaniards withdrawe themselues from thence séeing their profite to decay The Countrey about Porto Veio was rich of golde where the people made their houses in the trées like birdes nests and because the coast is moorish there is no being for horses whereby it was not so soone subdued by the Spaniardes as also because that out of theyr nests they threw stones iauelines pottes with hot water and whatsoeuer came next to hand whereby they killed many Spaniards wherewith they were forced to couer themselues with boordes and so cut downe the trees before they could ouercome them as also because the Countrey is so rough sharpe and wilde that they could hardely finde prouision for their army there is yet much country thereabouts vnhabited By the Old Hauen two miles within the land is the towne of saint Iacob or Iago which for houses and inhabitants is not inferiour to Porto Veâ—o and thereabouts is the passage of Gainacaua by the Spaniards so called for this occasion that Gaâ—â—acaua the father of Attabalida vpon a certain time sent one of his Captainâ—â— â—â—th a great army to subdue that countrey who minding to passe his people ouer the riuer commanded them to make a bridge of péeces of wood that so they might passe Which being made when his people with their armor and weapons were vppon it the ennemy cutte the ropes wherewith the péeces of wood were fastned together whereby many of them that were vpon it by force of the streame were drowned in the riuer and the rest spoyled by the enemy Which Gainacapa vnderstanding assembled a great number of souldiers and with them departed from Quito and being in the plaine field in open battell he ouercame those people after the which victorie minding to make a passage ouer the riuer that men might passe ouer on foote to the same end he causâ— great numbers of stones and earth to be brought thither and threw them into the riuer being twentie foote broad but whatsoeuer he threw in al wold not preuaile by reason of the great deapth and swiftnesse of the riuer that carried it away by force of the streame which hee perceiuing left off his worke and so departed and therfore the Spaniards haue giuen this place the name of the passage of Gainacaua about the which passage lieth the towne of saint Iacob builded by them About a Spanish mile and a half distant from this town of saint Iacob towardes the south lyeth a round hil by them called Christs Hil. From Porto veâ—o further forward the same course almost foure miles distant in the south lieth the poynt of saint Laurence and two miles and a quarter from thence southwest lieth an Island of the same name which is full a mile in compasse wherein the Indians or Peruuians of the firme land in times past vsed to make their sacrifices and offerings killing many lambes shéepe and some children offering their blood vnto their idolles or diuelles whose figures were made and carued in stone to whome they doe vsually pray When Franciscus Pizarius with his thirteene companions trauelled to discouer Peru they entred likewise into this Island where they found certaine iewells of siluer and golde many cloakes and shertes of very faire and fine wooll so that from that time forwards and for the same cause this Island was called Siluer The poynt of saint Laurence lieth vnder one degrée on the south side of the line And as I sayde before Peru beginneth at the line and stretcheth southwarde vnto Chile The people that dwell vnder the line and thereabouts haue the customes and manners of the Iewes Whereby many men are of opinion that they are issued from the Iews or of the race of Cham they speake hoarsely and in the mouth like the Moores and are much giuen to vncleannesse especially that which is wholy against nature whereby they do not well agree with their wiues but rather despise them The women weare neither hayre nor apparell but onely a certaine aprone before their priuities They plant sowe reape and thrash the corne and wheate meale whereof they make breade which wheate in Peru is called Zara the men weare short shertes without sleeues downe to their nauelles their members being vncouered and some goe naked paint their bodies with a black colour their haire being shauen and cut almost like Friars but they leaue no haire neyther before nor behinde their heades but onely vppon the sides it is likewise a common custome with them to weare many Iewels of golde both in their eares and noses specially emerauldes such as are found in those Countries And although the inhabitants will not discouer the mines yet hath it beene perceiued by certaine rough stones on their arms and legs they weare many beades of gold siluer and small tourqueses also of white and red Teekens and Huyzkens but will not haue their wiues to weare anye such touching the situation of the Countrey it is very hote and vnwholesome and there they haue certayne sore biles that issue out vpon their faces and other partes of theyr
the Priests which answere the Priestes deliuered vnto the poople They do generally beleeue and tell that once there was a great floud whereby all the worlde was drowned onely a few persons that hidde themselues in certayne high hollow trées and hauing prouided victualles stopping the holes by that meanes saued themselues from the common misery of al mankind and that when thâ—se men thought the raine and waters to be gone they sent out two dogges who returning all wet backe againe they gessed the water not to be consumed and so thought it not time to goe foorth After that they sent the two dogges forth againe and perceiuing them to come home all dirtie they then knew the water to be gone and came foorth where they found great numbers of snakes which the slime earth had bred whereby they hadde worke enough to kill and destroy them They likewise say that the world shal be destroyed but not before there shal first come a great drought and in manner a burning of the ayre whereby the sunne and moone shal be darkened and taken away wherefore when there happeneth any Eclipses or darkenesses of the sunne or moone but specially of the sunne then they sing sorrowfull songs and make great mournings thinking the world shall be destroyed and that the end approcheth What are these but cloudes of their religion which the diuel in so great blindnesse could neuer driue out of these poore peoples hearts so that those of Brasilia beleeue the immortallitie of the soule and the Peruuians beleeue not onely the immortalitie of the soule but the resurrection of the body as it appeereth not onely by the manner of their graues but also by the request made by them vnto the Spaniardes when they opened their predecessors and Kings graues to take out the treasure desiring them not to take away or scatter the bones of the dead that they might not want them at their resurrection Touching the manner of their graues their Kings and Nobilitie are buried with great magnificence being set in seats within their graues apparelled with their best cloths one or two of their liuing wiues buryed with them being the fairest and such as in his life time hee loued best for the which when time serueth great controuersie riseth among the women which by the king in his life time is ordained and appoynted they bury likewise with him two or thrée of his seruauntes and much golde and siluer and the best they had also fruit bread maiz and such like things and which is more the last seruice the friendes doe for him is that with reedes or pipes they powre a certaine measure of theyr drinke called Cicha into the dead mannes mouth to this ende that hee may not want drincke before hee commeth into the other worlde in which his iourny he vseth that meate and the company of his wiues and seruantes which manner is vsed almost through all Peru and Mexico onely that euery one dooth more or lesse according to his estate but they vse most in Peru to burye liuing women which mischiefe sprang from the diuell that blinded them that at some time appeared vnto them in shape of those that were dead walking vpon the earth and women with him So great is the power and blindenesse of Sathan in the children of the vnbeleeuing In East India the diuell so wrought that hee got them to burne liuing women with the dead here in Peru hath perswaded them to bury liuing women with dead bodies They mourne many dayes for theyr dead and vppon the graue they place the Image of the dead person The common people and handiecraftesmen place something of their handiecraft vpon their graues and the souldier some kinde of weapon vsed in the warres whereby it may be seene who lyeth buried in that place So then the Peruuians pray vnto the Sunne and the Moone and acknowledge them for the highest gods and sweare by them as also by the earth which they esteeme to be their mother and if at anie time they speake with the diuell asking counsell and attending answere of him they did it more for feare they hadde to bee hurt by him than for any worshippe that they held and accounted the Sunne for the chiefe and highest God first it appeereth by many and so costly temples by them erected throughout al the kingdom of Peru as also by the answere of king Atabalida made to the Dominican Friar Vincentius de Valle Viridi after first Bishop of Peru who shewing him of the creation of the world by God and the redemption thereof by the death of Iesus Christ he answered him that no man made the world but onely the Sunne his god that died not as Christ did and said that he might beléeue in the crucified and dead Christ if it pleased him but for his part he would beleeue in his owne god and his Guacas which dieth not this Guacas were certaine stones that with weeping they honoured and called vpon Their maner of praying to the Sun THe Peruuian as I saide before had diuers great and sumptuous Churches of the Sunne in al places of the countrey many of them hauing the walls and Pillers couered and plated with gold and siluer with most costly stooles and benches and when the Prince Lords or Priests would desire any thing of the sunne they rise betime in the morning before the sunne riseth and get them vpon a high stone scaffold made for the purpose where holding downe their heades and with wringing and folding their hands and then presently lifting vp and spreading their armes as if they would receiue the Sunne into them they murmure certaine wordes shewing their requests and in the same manner they vsed to pray vnto the sunne since they were subdued they fal downe before the Spaniardes and desire them to be mercifull vnto them and not vtterly to destroy them in some places specially vnder the Line and thereabouts they placed the gates of their temples in the Est and couered them with certaine cotten linnen in euerie Church there stood two grauen Images of fashion like blacke Buckes before the which they kept a continuall fire of sweete wood which I thinke to be Cedar because the barke being taken off there issueth a certaine sweete gumme which is most excellent to preserue the bodyes of dead men and to the contrarie corrupteth the bodie of a liuing man Likewise there are in those Churches certaine Images of great Serpents which they pray vnto but this is only about the line in Peru and Cusco and not where they haue the Guacas which are stones about the which no man may come but onely the Priestes that are apparrelled al in white and comming to them they take in theyr handes certaine white cloathes and fal vppon the ground speaking to the Image in a strange speech because the common people may not vnderstand it Those Priestes receiue all the offerings that are giuen vnto the Idol burying the tenth part thereof in the
of the wars by them made one against the other for the gouernment of the country which was so cruell that they once met fought for the space of thrée whole dayes together and neuer ceased where many people were slaine â— and Atabalipa taken in the battel and kept prisoner in the prouince of Tomebamba and there very straightly kept in one of the Kings Castles yet by subtiltie and intreatie made to certaine women he had a copper instâ—â—ment brought vnto him wherewith hee brake the walles of the Castle of Tomebamba and gote out of prison at the same time that his brothers souldiers and captaines were making good cheere drinking their Cicha whereunto they are much addicted and dauncing for ioy of the victorie and being at libertie he fled vnto Qâ—â—to telling his people that he was by his father conuerted into a snake and so crept out of prison at a little hole his father promising him victorie so that his men would once againe returne with him to battaylet whereby his people were so well incouraged that they went with him agayne into the fielde where Fortune fauouring him and being victorious hee tooke his brother Guascar prisoner to whome not long before he hadde beene prisoner and therewith obtained all the Countrey making himselfe chiefe ruler thereof keeping his brother prisoner within Cusco About the same time Franciscus Pizarrus arriued in Peru being Oyuaer of those two mightie kings and by reason of theyr dissension made him maister of so great and rich countries of gold Hee that desireth a larger description hereof may reade the Spannish Histories that write of the description of the new worlde Pizarius being in the Countrey made warre against Atabalipam and in th end ouercame him and for a time kept him prisoner and during his imprisonment hee agréed with Pizario for a certaine ransome and when it was ready hée caused his brother Guascar to be sent for out of Cusco and by the way before he came at him he caused him to be slaine fearing and not without a cause that if Guascar once came before the Spaniard and should declare his misfortune he would without all doubt offer a greater ransome as he had done then hée should pay and by that meanes he shoulde remaine in prison and his brother at libertie hauing hadde al the treasure of his predecessours as also his fathers But Aâ—tabalipa hauing brought his ransom which amounted vnto 3088235. gilderus was not long after by crueltie of the Spaniards without any cause and also against theyr othe and promise most shamefully by certaine Moores at the commaundement of Pizarius openly strangled in the Market place and as some write his body was after burned to ashes This was the 〈◊〉 able end of the mightie K. Atabalipa a man of a meane stature wise and high minded wholly giuen to rule Twenty dayes before his death there appeared a blazing starre which when he perceiued he prophecied that in shorte time after a grâ—at Prince of that country should die not thinking it to be himselfe Guascar and Atabalipa being both dead the gouernment fâ—l vnto Mango Inga the third brother who dying left his kingdome to his son Xaires Topa Inga that maried a wife caled Câ—ya daughter of a noble man called Cuxi Vâ—rcay Guascaris and he before he entred into the gouernement chaunged his name to Mango capa Pachuti Iupan withall making himselfe subiect vnto Philip King of Spaine which hapned 1557. on the sixt of Ianuary being Twelfe day Thus much touching the kings of Peru. A description of the places or townes lying among the hils THrée miles from Cusco lieth the valley Iucay a very pleasant valley lying betwéene two hilles very fresh and wholesome aire as being therin neither ouer hot nor colde and two miles beyond it lieth Tambo another valley wherein are seene great ruines of the kings munition houses And trauelling further you come to Condesuyo a prouince where in times past there dwelt certaine warlike people their townes standing betwéene high hils where there were many wilde and tame beasts Their houses were of stone couered with strawe therein also were many houses and pallaces of noble men They haue all one maner of liuing with the rest the Peruuians offering lambes and other beastes in their churches wherein at certaine times the diuell shewed himselfe the riuers are rich of golde and there are made certayne couerlets of fine wooll cunningly wrought in diuers colours This way before called Andes is very long for it runneth cleane through Peru to the straites of Magellanas wherein there lieth many prouinces and townes and diuers high trees some couered with snowe others with flames of burning brimstone whereby it is very hard to be trauelled specially because therein for the most part it commonly raineth Trauelling many miles further you come to the countrey called Collao wherein is the lake called Tiâ—icaca where there is an Island and therein a Temple of the Sunne wherein they sowed their maiz and kepe their treasure Round about this lake are many villages and therein much good fish is taken Somewhat further you come vnto the town of Plata which is a hundred and fiftie miles from Cusco in the prouince of Chaâ—cas in a colder aire then any other place in all the hilles there are but fewe inhabitants but such as are verie rich and most because of the mynes of Porco and Potosi for Potoâ—i is not aboue eighteene miles from the towne of Plata discouered by the company of Captaine Caruaial for that as some of the Indians with one Ian de Villa Roel a townsman of Plata trauelled thorow the countrey they found a high hil lying in a flat and euen vallie wherein perceiuing certaine tokens of siluer they melted a peece of the Minerall and found it so rich that one quintal made fourscore marks siluer the like whereof was neuer heard of This newes being come to Plata presently the cheefe gouernours of the towne went thither where they diuided vnto euerie man as much as he could doo or labour in whereby such resort came thither that in short time the place was inhabited by more then 7000. men the Indians working and making contract with the Spaniards their maisters how much siluer they wold weekly deliuer This mine is of a wonderfull strange nature because it wil not be molten by blowing with the bellowes neyther in fornaces like other mynes but only in smal furnaces by them caled Guairas which they sette vppon the highest parte of the hill placing the mouthes southwarde from whence the winde dooth continually blowe throwing into the mine fire coales and sheepes dongue whereby the winde made the fire to burne so hot and cleare as that not any bellowes or other instruments coulde doo more and the Peruuians working in this maner by so easie means had so great gain that some of them got weekly besids theyr maisters parte fortie thousande Pezos but by resort it became likewise to be scarse
and Marchandises that come out of the countrie by the Riuer of Sinoha this créeke was called the Enseada or créeke of Saint Don Iorgie it hath much wood verie good to make ships of fiue miles from it along the Ceast lieth the riuer of Sinoha which hath in the Hauen 14. spanne of water all sandie ground in this Hauen is the whole handling and traffique of the goods that come from Cauchinchina and thether and to Champello you runne Northwest This Iland of Champello hath a good road and safe harbour but onely when it bloweth out of the west and southwest and although the wind commeth from the land notwithstanding it troubleth you much by reason of the lownes of the land you must vnderstand that ten miles before you come to Varrella 13. miles within the sea there beginneth certaine Sandes that are verie dangerous which reach as the land doth till you bee vnder 17. degrees and run nearer to the northeast at the end whereof in the way to China there lieth 8. Islandes three great fiue small all full of trées and sandie strandes but without fresh water betwéene them round about it is altogether flat and foule way so that as soone as you let fall the anker the cable is presently fretted in péeces betwéene these Islands there is 4. fadome deepe This information was giuen me by certaine people of Sian that lost their Iunco or shippe in that place by reason of a calme because they ankered and all their cables brake from the ground they saued themselues in the boate run through all those Islandes to find fresh water and could sée none you run from the hooke or point of those sandes to Pulo Caton Northeast and Southwest and Northeast and by east and southwest and by west for they lie like a bow therefore trust not the old description of this Nauigation that saith they haue channels from thence to Pulo Caton running ouerthwart it is thirtie miles but returning againe to the course from Varella to Pulo Caton when you are as farre as where the coast stretcheth Northward then your course shall be two miles off from the land till you come to Pulo Caton for that if you come thether early in the yeare you haue the west windes so strong that if you should be far from the coast they would carrie you by force vpon the sands without any remedie as it happened to the ship called the Santa Crus you shall not passe aboue two or thrée miles at the furthest to seaward from Pulo Caton and if you chance to be on the side of the land you may likewise passe through by the Channell that runneth betwéene the Firme land and the Iland which is two mile and a halfe broad all faire and good ground as I said before Pulo Caton lieth with the south point of the Iland Aynon North and South and North by east and South and by West somewhat more then 50. mile This south point of Aynon lieth scarse vnder 18. degrées and ½ reacheth from the point aforesaid southwestward 12. or 13. miles and from the East side lyeth the way from China which you run Northeast and north east and by north to 19. degrees and ½ and on the side of the Firme land the Island compasseth about to the point or end of 19. degrees and ½ from the Northeast side in such manner that the Iland is in forme foure square the channell betwéene it and the Firme land is in the narrowest part 6. miles where there lieth a hauen called Anchio hauing certaine sandes betwéene thē yet with a channell wherein great ships may passe seuen miles eastward From Anchion lieth a créeke with good harbour and a mile further about thrée miles distant from the land there lieth a great Riffe and sandes but returning againe to the aforesaid South point of the Island which is right before a very high land that surpasseth all the rest of the land in the said Iland at the foote thereof on the north side there is a good Hauen called Taalhio at the mouth whereof lyeth a small round Iland and from this high land aforesaid it runneth 12. miles northwestward and from thence it is altogether low land on the sea side and inward hilles and houels from the end of the land Aynon on the north side vnder 19. degrées and ⅓ to the Iland Pulo Gom in the same course of northeast and northeast and by north are 8. miles and lieth 5. mile from the Firme land it is a high land in forme like a Bell and on the side of the land it hath a road with a good harbour wherein the ship Santa Crus lay from thence you goe to the seauen Ilandes called Pulo Tio in the same course of northeast and northeast and by north being fiue miles Pulo Tio are 7. Ilands great and small seperated one from the other without any Trees from thence the Coast reacheth Northeast and Northeast and by North to the Enseada dos Ladroins that is the Creeke of Rouers from Pulo Tio seauen miles lieth a Riffe which reacheth 5. or 6. miles from the land into the sea and vpon the east side therof about halfe a mile from it there is foure fadome water flat sandie ground and a mile further from thence there lieth a great riuer whether many ships doe saile and put in a little further from this Iland lieth another Riuer wherein I haue béene which hath a good harbour against the monsons of China and with a southwest winde is discouered and threre also runneth strong streames the entrie thereof is close on the east side along by a point of land it is faire and good ground and being about this point of land you shall run till you come to a sand bay where you shall anker for within it is shallow and sandie on the coast betwéene these 2. riuers lieth 2. or 3. Ilands close by the land and from these 2. riuers 6 miles forward lieth the Enseada dos Ladroins which is very great it hath on the west southwest side of the mouth certaine stonie cliffes from the which there stretcheth a Riffe towards the sea wherupon one of the Portingall ships did fall from the aforesaide second riuer to this créeke about halfe a mile from the coast there is 7. or 8. fadome déepe faire ground The land of this creeke on the north northeast side hath a verie high hooke or point of land passing about this hooke for the space of halfe a mile it is shallow but muddie ground you goe to the Hauen of Comhay whereupon the coast is called the coast of Comhay thether the ships of Sion or Sian vsed to come it is like a créeke that is very great hauing another point or end of high land which reacheth North and South and right ouer against this hauen on y e south side lieth the Iland of Sauchoin about 5 or 6 miles from it and is distant from the aforesaid point
the other which you passe along by so that they ly right ouer against you and when you come to the mouth or entry of Macau and begin to put into it it is altogether opeÌ„ without any Ilande to bee sayled or compassed about sayling right towards the firme lande which is 8. miles Northwarde from thence where the mouth or entry is whereby you goe to Caton by the Portingalles called Aâ— Orelhas de Lebre that is the hares eares In this entery it is 8.9 and 10. fadome déepe and if you come thether at the ebbe of a spring tide the streame runneth so strong stiffe that no wind will serue to get vp therfore it is best to anker there with all your sayles vp vntill you sée it flow running along by the row of Ilands that lie on the east side so inward shunning a rocke lying close by those Ilands aboue the water putting to seaward for that you cannot passe betweene it and the Ilands with any ship also you shall finde anoâ—â—er Cliffe vpon the west side being in the middle way séeing right before you a small and low Iland lying in the same rowe of Ilandes in the East as you goe then you are by the mouth or entrey of the second chaÌ„nell that runneth to Macau This entery reacheth East and West and may be about a mile broad you must make to that smal Iland and leauing it vpon the North side you must hold your course betwéene it and the other Ilands and so put in alwaies kéeping nearest to the small Iland where the depth will begin to lessen and much more wheÌ„ you are past it for there you haue a banke of 28 spannes of water of soft muddie ground the land lying vpon the south side of the channell is foure or fiue Ilands close one by the other which reach east and west and they haue on the north side a great and high Iland which runneth to the hauen where the Portingales inhabite and hath a créeke or bay that strecheth Northward at the mouth of this Hauen lieth a great and high Iland close by the land on the north side betwéene which and the Iland it is drie and shallow ground and before you come to this Iland there lyeth vppon the side of the north Iland a Cliffe vnder the water to seaward towards the middle of the chaÌ„nell therefore you shall hold off from this north land and put nearer to the south and when you being to discouer the Portingales towne with the Hauen where the shippes lie at anker theÌ„ you shal put to the east hooke of the entrey of this Hauen kéeping close to it till you be in where you shall find foure fadome and ½ or 5. fadome déepe shunning the west side for there it is all ouer bankes and sands and along by the point you finde muddy ground this point or hooke is a high land and from thence inward about the shot of a great peece further lieth another point of saÌ„d and from the low land runneth a banke of 18 spannes of water reaching crosse ouer to the other side as far as the first houses and before you come to it in the middle of the Riuer there lieth a Riffe therefore you must hold vpon the east side and runne along by it till you anker it is good muddie ground at foure fadome and ½ deepe The 21. Chapter The course from the Kingdome of Sion to China with the situation of the places DEparting out of the hauen or riuer of the towne of Sion or Sian you shall holde your course Westward and comming to it you shall finde a Riffe lying on the north side of the coast Hauen called Bancolea two miles from the land and betwéene it and the land there is a channell of foure fadome déepe notwithstanding you must passe without it as farre aboue it as you can this hauen of Bancosea lieth with the Hauen of Sion northeast and southwest and somewhat northeast and by east and southwest and by west and being against the coast you shall kéepe along by it for it is all good ground and when you haue past the Riffe aforesaid The Coast vpon the shore is low land hauing inward a small houell stretching North and south 4. miles from Bancosea Southward This low land maketh a point reaching outward lying vnder 14. degrées and ½ from thence forward you shall sée a great thicke land which séemeth to runne inward to the sea but before you come at it there is a riuer called Chaon at the mouth whereof stand certaine trées like palme trees and comming to the aforesaid land you shall see another great thicke land which sheweth to lie east and west inwards to the land hauing manie sharpe rockes there the land maketh a point or end which is commonly called the point of Cuy thetherto the lande reacheth Southeast this point of Cuy lieth vnder 12. degrees and â…” and betweene it and the aforesaid thicke land that lieth behind you you shall finde 11. and 12. fadome deepe with good ground when you are past or about this point of Cuy then you shall hold your course south southeast for the space of 25. miles and then you must sayle south east and southeast and by south whereby you shall see an Iland which a far off showeth like 3. Ilands being long flat ful of trees lieth ful vnder 10. degrees which will be on the east side all this way you must take care not to fall to leeward and being by this Iland aforesaid you shall run southeast and rather hold aloofe to the south then to fall to the west because of the sharpe winde which you commonly finde in that part and in this course you shall see another Iland greater then the first and reacheth East and West beeing on the toppe thicke and flatte land The West pointe a great thicke hooke pointed towards the sea side Eastwarde it descendeth towardes a black lande which séemeth to be a close and thick bushie place lying full vnder 9. degrees ½ This Iland lyeth with the Iland of Pulo Wy southeast northwest and so you must runne 25. miles Pulo Wy are two Ilandes whereof the greatest reacheth North and South hauing a high houell on the South side and on the North side two low houels with a valley in the middle thus the West side sheweth but on the south side it séemeth altogether high and rounde with a small valley in the middle making 2. rocks shewing like two men the other and the smaller Iland lyeth on the southeast side somewhat distant from the other making a channell betwéene both where you may passe through for it is fayre grounde this smal Iland on the Southeast side hath a smal Iland of stonie cliffes from the which there runneth a stonie Riffe which you must auoide for all the other places are good and faire being twelue fadome déep close by the Iland and in the greatest Iland on the south West side
by this point you shall sée another point which is distant from the first point 4. miles and the course from the one to the other is east southeast west northwest and beeing at this second point about a mile beyond it on the same coast lieth a small riuer and betwéene this point and the riuer you runne halfe a mile of the shore or coast of Samatra alwaies with your lead in hand From this riuer aforesaid you shall put from the coast from this Riuer to another point lying 5 miles forward it is altogether bankes and shallowes with muddie ground therefore you shall still saile with your lead in hand goe no nearer then 5. fadome to the coast of Samatra for if you doe you run on ground and at this depth you shall run to the aforesaid point that lieth before you right against it on the other side of the Iland Banca hath a point or hooke of high land where the channell is at the smalest and comming by this point aforesaid you shall presently finde more depthes When you come to this point aforesaid then runne south southeast holding that course till you come to the Iland of Lasapara which lieth right before you being distant from the saide point 9. miles This Iland is small and low land being round about full of sands and shallowes and when you sée it then runne South and South and by east within two miles of the land on the south side of Samatra and sixe and seauen fadome for it is your right way and course to passe before that Iland and if you finde ten or twelue fadome then turne againe to the coast of Samatra séeking for fiue fadome that you may runne at sixe and seauen fadome and beeing there keepe that course leauing the Iland of Lasapara on the east side and when you begin to enter therein then run southward and being right against the Iland then your depthes will begin to lessen to 5. fadome but bee not abashed for it is the right depthes you find in that place and when the Iland is Eastward from you then you are right ouer against it from the Iland Lasapara twelue miles forward there is an Iland lying close by the Land of Samatra that maketh a smal créeke or bay and for a marke it hath this token that the trees thereof are higher then those of the coast and séeme little woodes you runne from this Iland to Lasapara North North east and south southwest from the which Iland there runneth a Riffe reaching two miles and a halfe into the sea therefore if you desire to saile thether being in the night time you shall run southward with your lead in hand at 8. and 9. fadome and though you come to 11. fadome yet your course is good but you shall not runne vnder 7. fadome and as you thinke you are past by the Iland then you shall take your course againe towardes the land and there you shall finde 8. and 9. fadome comming to this Iland in the daie time you shall put so far from it into the sea that you may onely sée the toppes and vpper parts of the trees and when it lieth Northwest from you then you are past the Riffe then againe runne in with the land at 8. and 9 fadome déepe as aforesaid for the right way and course is alwaies along the Coast beyond this Ilād forward there lieth a gréene creeke vpon the coast which you shall shun for there it is altogether shallowes and the corner therof towards the south hath a thick point of land that sticketh further out then al the rest that are there abouts within this hooke toward the créeke lieth a Riuer from whence there commeth a banke reaching 2. miles into the sea and is foure fadome deepe all hard sand in that countrie where I haue passed therfore I aduise you not to leaue the depthes of 8. 9. fadome which is the right course and you passe from this Iland to the aforesaid Riffe south southwest and North Northeast being distant ten miles from this point of the creeke to two Ilandes lying on the same coast of Samatra forward you run in the same course of north northeast and south southwest and is in course ten miles in all this way you shall finde 9.10 and 11. fadome These Ilandes are distant from the land 3. or 4. miles and comming to these Ilandes then the land and coast of Samatra maketh a thicke crooked ridge or backe and if it be cleare weather you shall sée right before you two high landes wherof one lieth southwestward from you which is the land of Samatra and the other southward which is the land of Sanda part of the Iland Iaua Maior From the two Ilands aforesaid you shall alwaies hold your course along by this crooked thicke ridge of the coast of Samatra being at the point thereof then the land beginneth againe to be low and then you begin clearely to sée the two foresaid lands Betweene those two high landes there runneth a channell or straight inward to the sea betwéene the land of Samatra and Iaua Maior which is called the straight of Sunda beeing past the great thick ridge of the coast of Samatra and comming againe by the low land then runne no longer by the coast but if you haue a good forewind then presently crosse ouer holding your course south southeast to the land of Sunda to the southeast side of a point or hooke of that land by the which lieth the way to Sunda therefore I aduertise you hauing a good forewind to crosse ouer for that if the winde should begin eyther to be calme in the middle way the tide being with you the streame would driue you to the channell which is no good course for the least depth of the channell is 40. fadome and more the streames and tydes therein runne very stiffe both out and in and if they should driue you in as the streame commeth forth being with a Northeast or east winde you should finde the waues of the sea hollow and full that no cable would be strong enough to hold against them by force would driue you out againe which would be no small labour and paine to you I say this because I my selfe haue found it so comming into it by mine owne vnaduisednes in crossing ouer to the high land lying on the side of Sunda and held our course right vpon the midle thereof but the streame draue you ouerthwart before we perceiued it therfore I aduise you that you runne southeast to it for the more you runne eastward the lesse depth you shall haue to anker in if the winde should calme and it is good ground and being by the land aforesaid close by it you shall presently sée a great flat Iland full of trées with many hilles hauing to seaward from it or toward the northeast another flat Iland and from thence to the hauen of Sunda it is
about halfe a myle forward you beginne to haue lowe land with sandie strands and Trées all along the Sea coast By all this coast and the low land it is all bankey grounds wherfore you must keepe from it about halfe a myle In the middle way of this lowe land there lyeth two mouths or entries of Riuers that are very shallow whereby you may not enter into them by any meanes and at the end of this low land you haue a riuer of fresh water of twelue Spannes in the Hauen at a Spring tide and within the Riuer at lowe Water the Shippes lie drie being sandy ground Close by the Roade or entry of this Riuer lyeth a Village called Aquina Fama Halfe a myle within the Land vpon the Riuer lyeth the greatest and mightiest Towne in all the Kingdome of Bungo where the Kings in time past held their Courts where now all the Marchaunts of the Countries round about it who are very rich and aboundant in wealth are resident From this Riuer vpon the other side of the Creeke lyeth a very good Hauen with harbour against all windes it is a small Bay for the points or heights therof doe runne through each other wherefore they make a good defence against the South windes The entry of this hauen is faire you need but run in through the middle of the Channell where you haue foure and a halfe and fiue fadome deepe and there you haue great furtherance for you runne in before the winde with the South Monson and you put out againe before the winde with the North Monson to vnderstand it well you must know that all this Countrey as also all China Malacca India and all the orientall places doe sayle with the coniunction of the windes which for certaine months together blowe out of one place as now in the North then in the South and that at certaine times and dayes in the yeare without fayling which coniunction is called as in other places I haue said the Monson as Monson of the South winde that is when the wind bloweth out of the South and monson of the North Windes in like sort wherewith through all India they make their accounts to passe from the one place to the other And because in this description there is oftentimes mention made of some Hauens Creekes Riuers Bayes and Islands where you haue good harbor for the Monson of the North and South Windes when they blowe which is to bée vnderstoode that if they bée against you in the way you should hold you should know which hauen is good to stay in for that time or to winter in for in the East Countries you must Winter when the winde is against you so that you cannot holde on your voyage and of force you must stay for the wind and weather that is the Monson which serueth you and where you haue a good harbour to stay for the Monson that you must haue and then to follow on your voyage Wherefore I thought it necessary to set this downe that you might the better vnderstand the meaning of the Portingall and Indian Pilotes that first set downe noted and obserued these courses and Nauigations vsing here the same manner and description of the countrey not chaunging the word of Monson although that in some places before I haue saied some thing thereof But to the matter you must knowe that the aforesaid Hauen or Bay is called Fingy but it is not free from Rouers and theeues From the aforesaid Riuer to this Hauen there is about three myles crosse-waies In the Roade of the Riuer it is twenty fadome deepe close by the land but it is bad ground and there it is not good to stay for the windes for there you could not saue any thing From this point you may see the East land and at the end where this great Creeke endeth it is low land which is called Mâ—ryee and is all along faire and cleare The aforesaid Riuer and Towne lye vnder 33 degrees and â— From this point or end of Mâ—ryee two myles further there is another point of land which lyeth with this point North and South it is a low land with sandie strands at the end whereof lyeth certaine stones and Rockes from thence forward you runne Northward along the coast and a myle beyond it there is a Village called Tamboca and another myle further lyeth another place called Tambico lying both on the Sea side but they haue no Hauens with harbours also the people of the same places are not to bee trusted Beeing right against this point of Land you shall along the coast see a long Island which a farre off sheweth like two Islands lying distant from the land about two myles it is called Fimexima betwéen this Island and the land it is all shallows from the point of the Créeke of Bungo to this Island aforesaid All this coast along for the space of a great myle is bankey ground Riffes Stones and other filth All this way from the beginning of the Kingdome of Bungo to this Island you must runne on the East side along by the land of Tocaa From this Island of Fimexima aforesaid nine myles Northward there is a very high Lande which reacheth East and West that is the land of Amanguchen a great mighty and rich country for therein is one of the mines of siluer of the countrey of Iapon In this coast are good Hauens as also the Island of Meagima which in times past before the Portingales trauelled to Iapon had great Trafficke for there was the staple of all the countrey of Iapon for all kindes of wares and Marchandises Along by this land of Amaguchen and the country of the Island Fimexima aforesaid beginneth the straight or passage to Facunda of the which as also the other places thereabouts I will speake in another place together with the Nauigation and scituation thereof To sayle from the point of Moryee in the Créeke of Bungo to the Hauen of Caminaxique lying in the country of Amanguchen which is very sure and good for all winds and of great Trafficke you shall holde your course Northeast and Northeast and by East being about sixtéene myles This Lande which you goe vnto is very great and high and you runne all the aforesaid coast along to a Hooke or point of Lande East and West and East and by North and West and by South and from the Hauen of Caminaxique to the aforesayed Point about fortie Portingale myles whereof seuentéene and ½ make a degrée as all the myles in this description likewise doe in the which coast lyeth the Hauens hereafter following that is from Caminaxique to Toraque are about two myles and â— from Toraque to the Island Meagima are sixe myles and a halfe The Roade of this Island is betwéene it and the Firme Lande from Meagima to Camangary are a myle and a halfe from thence to the Island of Anooxyma are fiue myles From Anooxyma to Toumoo are also fiue miles
way to know the land which you shall alwaâ—â— find at Macau if you find them noâ— in â—â—dia For other necessaries concerning to shippe you shall finde of all things sufficient in China The gaines and profits of all sortes of wares of China are verie great except rawe silke whereby they haue verie little gaine for there they rather desire it readie spunne and although there should bee much solde there yet that were no reason or cause why they should carrie much thither because it should not hinder the voiage and trafficke of them of Iapon into the East Indies for there are many other kindes of wares great store to carrie thither wherein there is much more profit then in silke Of the common wares and merchandises that the Spaniards in the Islands of Lucones or Phillippinas doe buy and yet they buy them much dâ—â—er there then they should buy them in China in newe Spaine they gaine but sixe for one and in Peru ten for one whereof they are sure for that the Portingales that haue gone from hence thither in the ship that came hither haue gained so much by the wares they carried with them that the time that they stayed for their returne séemed to them a thousand yéeres and as they repoâ—t the Viceroy of Noua Spaigna and all the other gouernours and gentlemen of the countrie haue a great desire to vse the trade and doe much looke after it Many are of opinion that to saile that way to Peru it would be a longer voiage for that when you are at Acapulco you must take another way and hold another course of 700. miles long from Acapulco to the Hauen of Callande Lyma which is the Metropolitane Cittie of Peru lying vnder ten degrées on the South side of the Equinoctiall and you should make your voiage in the same yeere and further it is a countrey of great charges and expences whereby you should loose and spend all that you should gaine more in that countrey then in new Spaine because the countrey of newe Spaine is more aboundant in all kinde of necessaries victuals then Peru and therefore your charges is lesse The 52. Chapter The true and perfect description of a voiage performed and done by Franciscus de Gualle a Spanish Captaine and Pilot for the Viceroy of new Spaine from the Hauen of Acapulco in new Spaine to the Islands of Iuâ—ones or Phillippinas in the Hauen of Manilla and from thence to the Hauen of Macau in China and from Macau backe againe to Acapulco accomplished in the yeere of our Lorde 1584. THe tenth of March in the yéere of our Lord 1582. wée set saile out of the Hauen of Acapulco lying in the country of new Spaine directing our course to the Islands of Lucones or Philippinas West Southwest running in that manner for the space of 25. miles till wee came vnder 16. degrees that so wée might shun the calmes by sailing close by the shore From thence forward we held our course West for the space of 30. miles and being there we ranne West West and by South for the space of 1800. miles to the Island called Ilha d'Engano which is the furthest Island lying in the South partes of the Islands called de los Ladrones that is the Islands of Rouers or Islas de las Vellas vnder 13. degrées and ½ in latitude Septentrional and 164. degrées in longitude Oriental vpon the fixed Meridional line which lieth right with the Island of Tercera From thence wée held our course westward for the space of 280. miles till we came to the point called El capo de Espirito Santo that is the point of the Holy Ghost lying in the Island Tandaya the first IslaÌ„d of those that are called Philippinas Lucones or Manillas which is a cuntry with few hils with some mines of brimstone in the middle thereof From the point aforesaid we sailed West for the space of eighteene miles to the point or entrie of the channell which runneth in betwéene that Island and the Island of Lucon This point or entrie lieth scarse vnder 12. degrées All the coast that stretcheth from the entry of the chanell to the point El capo del Spirito Santo is not very faire Eight miles from the said point lyeth a Hauen of indifferent greatnes called Bahya de Louos that is the Baye of Wolues hauing a small Island in the mouth thereof and within the Channell about halfe a mile from the end of the said Island lyeth an Island or Cliffe when you passe by the point in the middle of the channell then you haue 25. fadome déepe with browne Sand there we found so great a streame running westward that it made the water cast a skum as if it had béene a sand whereby it put vs in feare but casting out our Lead we found 25. fadome déepe From the aforesaid entrie of the channell North and North and by East about ten miles lyeth the Island of Catanduanes about a mile distant from the land of Lucon on the furthest point Eastward and from the same entrie of the channell towards the West and Southwest lyeth the Island Capuli about sixe miles from thence stretching West Southwest and East Northeast beeing fiue miles long and foure miles broad and as wée past by it it lay Northward from vs vnder 12. degrées and ¼ and somewhat high lande Foure miles from the aforesaid Island of Capuli Northwestward lyeth the thrée Islands of the Hauen of Bollon in the Island of Lucones stretching North and South about foure miles distant from the firme land about halfe a mile whereof the furthest Southward lyeth vnder 13. degrées In this channell it is twentie fadome deepe with white Sand and a great streame running Southeast wee passed through the middle of the channell From this Channell wée held our course Southwest and Southwest and by West for the space of twentie miles vntill wee came to the West end of the Island of Tycao which reacheth East and West 13. miles This point or hooke lieth vnder 12. degrees and 3 â— In the middle betweene this Island and the Island Capuli there lyeth three Islands called the Faranias and we ranne in the same course on the North side of all the Islands at the depth of 22. fadome with white sand From the aforesaid West point of the Island Tycao to the point of Baryaâ— it is East and West to saile about the length of a mile or a mile and a halfe we put into that channell helding our course south and south and by west about three miles vntill we were out of the channell at sixteene fadome deepe with halfe white and reâ—â—sh sande in the Channell and at the month thereof whereof the middle lyeth vnder 12. degrees and â— and there the sâ—reames runne Northward The Island of Bayas stretcheth northwest and Southeast and is lowe land whereof the Northwest point is about three miâ—es from the coast of Lucon but you can not passe between
S. German which are very high but not so high as those of Loquillo From this point of Cabo Roxo you must hold your course west and west and by North whereby you shal discouer the Island called De la mona that is the Island of the ape and you must run along by the southside thereof The Island La Mona is a low land and reacheth East and West on the sea side being a plaine land descending downward on the north-side it hath a Cliffe or small Island called Monica or the little ape Betwéene it and the Island you may passe On the West side of Mona there is a Roade of faire and good ground hauing likewise such another Roade by the Point that lyeth Southwest From the Island De la Mona to the Island De la Sahona if that it be by day you shall hold your course Southwest and by night West and West and by South and you must vnderstand that the Point called Cabo de Enganno that is the deceitfull Point is altogether like the Point of Sahona hauing a clouen houell on the vpper part of the Island being betweene the lowest Lande thereof that lieth on the Sea side Betwéene Cabo del Enganno and Sahona lyeth a small Island called the little S. Catalyna the reason why you must there runne West and South is because the Streames runne towards the Créeke The markes of the Island Sahona are these It is a lowe Island full of Trees so that as you come towardes it you first sée the Trées before you perceaue the land thereof it stretcheth East Northeast and West Southwest on the South side it hath certaine Riffes which run halfe a mile into the Sea if you fall vpon this lande comming out of the Sea and that ouer the Islandes you sée certaine hilles then they are the hils of Niquea which you shall likewise sée betwéen great Sancta Catalina and La Sahona this Island Sahona on the West side hath a Rode of eight or ten fadome deep to saile from Sahona to Santo Domingos it beeing thrée miles to seaward from Sahona you shall hold your course Northwest and Northwest and by West From thence to Santo Domingos it is altogither low land on the sea side descending downward and is the land which in that place reacheth furthest East and West The markes of Santo Domingos are these that when you are Northwest and Southeast with the old mines then you are North and South with the riuer of Santo Domingos and ouer the riuer you shall see two houels which shewe like the teates of a womans breastes when those houels are North and North and by west from you then you are to loofeward from the riuer so that by those teates you shall knowe whether you be past or to Loofeward from it On the East point of the entrie of the Riuer standeth a Tower which serueth for a guarde or beakon for the shippes that come out of the sea From this point aforesaide runneth a hidden cliffe which you must shunne and so you must runne in but go not to neere the Al Matadero that is the Slaughter house for there it is shallow and being within the aforesaid hidden cliffe you haue foure fadome déepe and so you shall holde your course to the Sandie strand lying on the East side shunning the Cliffes of the fortresse and going from the Fortresse inward then you must let fall your ankers right against the Admiraltie in the middle of the riuer where the best place and Rode is From Santo Domingo being 4. miles to Seaward you shall holde your course Southwest and Southwest and by west vntill you be North and South with the Island of Niqueo and to goe from thence to the hauen of Oquoa leaue not the coast but run close by it with all your sailes till you be past the riuer for if you get off frō it without touching the Palma which is a certaine banke so called where the ships vse to anker then you must not anker being in the riuer you must looke wel before you that when you anker to make your ship fast with an anker both out to Landward and to Seaward and then you are safe Sayling from this Hauen and Bay of Oquoa you shall runne outwarde to the South vntill you be about the point and thrée miles into the sea and then you shall hold your course Southwest and Southwest and by South wherby you shall discouer an Island called De la Beata that is the blessed Island which is a lowe Island stretching East and west Two miles Westwarde from Beata lieth an Island or cliffe called Altobello which by night sheweth like a ship when you are past Beata and Altobello then you must runne West and West and by North to the point called Cabo de Tubaron that is the point of the hedge In this créeke are thrée or foure Islands or rocks which are called Los Frayles that is the Friers Before you come to Cabo de Tubaron there is a Créeke wherein lieth an Island called Iabaque with more cliffes and Riffes lying about it being foule ground Behind this Island you see certaine hilles called Las Sierras de dona Maria otherwise Las Sierras de Sabana when you are right against Iabaque then you must run West Northwest The Cabo de Tubaron is a blacke shining Houell on the sea side being clouen vpon it hauing certaine white places like water beakes Within this point or Cape lieth a riuer of fresh water where you haue stones for Ballast as you haue in the Riuer of Mynijcka From thence to the point of Cabo de Crus you must hold your course Northwest vntill you are past the Island of Nabassa running on the North side thereof and if the streames chaunce to driue you on the south side then you must obserue certain times if you be in a great ship holding a good way into the Northwest from it to shun the sands that sticke out from the point de Morante and reach betweene this point and Nabassa there in some places you haue aboue foure fadome déepe and at the end thereof you may run from 15. to 20. fadome déepe Nabassa is a round and lowe Island on the Sea side being all flat and plain land running on the North side of this Island you shall hold your course Northwest and Northwest and by West and if you desire to passe along by the Cape De Crus it is a point sticking out which as you come toward it out of the sea sheweth as if on the top it were full of Trées but it is inward to Lande On the East side of this Point lyeth the hauen of Cabo de Crus Now to sayle to the Island De Pinos you must runne West Northwest wherby you shall discouer the Island This Island De Pinos is a low land ful of Trées so that as you come out of the Sea you sée the Trées before you sée the land it stretcheth East and West and