military_a observation_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o foot_n chap._n i._o by_o way_n of_o introduction_n have_v pass_v some_o few_o collective_n to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o horse_n i_o be_v desire_v to_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o foot_n figure_v out_o each_o command_n or_o platform_n after_o the_o proportion_n of_o six_o in_o file_n which_o be_v according_a to_o our_o late_a mode_n of_o discipline_n there_o have_v be_v many_o book_n write_v of_o this_o military_a art_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o foot_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a but_o of_o our_o late_a writer_n i_o refer_v our_o new_a commission_v gentleman_n to_o the_o perusal_n of_o bingham_n hexham_n barrife_n and_o ward_n i_o will_v not_o have_v elton_n although_o a_o parliament_n officer_n whole_o to_o be_v lay_v aside_o for_o i_o have_v receive_v information_n of_o the_o great_a worth_n and_o part_n of_o the_o gentleman_n to_o they_o who_o experience_n have_v be_v their_o masterpiece_n i_o be_o silent_a desire_v with_o all_o submission_n rather_o to_o learn_v from_o such_o than_o presume_v to_o direct_v those_o gentleman_n be_v to_o be_v commend_v that_o will_v bestow_v time_n in_o read_v of_o this_o art_n but_o especial_o such_o as_o put_v in_o practice_n what_o they_o read_v which_o be_v the_o ready_a way_n to_o make_v man_n fit_a for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o king_n and_o country_n for_o what_o make_v a_o man_n more_o confident_o courageous_a than_o knowledge_n there_o be_v many_o gentleman_n that_o be_v great_a reader_n of_o the_o war_n than_o practitioner_n of_o the_o same_o who_o have_v have_v some_o cavil_v dispute_n about_o the_o discipline_n thereof_o not_o consider_v the_o great_a change_n that_o time_n have_v make_v and_o experience_n have_v find_v out_o in_o martial_a affair_n in_o the_o read_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o grecian_a order_n discipline_n and_o government_n of_o their_o army_n i_o have_v think_v to_o have_v give_v you_o a_o taste_n thereof_o but_o deserve_v a_o better_a pen_n than_o i_o to_o set_v forth_o the_o gallantry_n of_o they_o i_o shall_v be_v silent_a and_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o renew_v they_o it_o will_v never_o work_v the_o like_a effect_n as_o it_o do_v against_o their_o enemy_n one_o great_a cause_n thereof_o be_v suppose_v that_o they_o make_v better_a pay-man_n in_o those_o day_n vice_n be_v severe_o punish_v virtue_n most_o bountiful_o reward_v and_o when_o the_o war_n be_v end_v such_o as_o deserve_v well_o be_v both_o regard_v and_o reward_v or_o else_o remain_v enrol_v in_o pensionary_a pay_n so_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n continue_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o payment_n and_o reward_n cease_v there_o discipline_n and_o good_a order_n cease_v also_o as_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o the_o infantry_n it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o young_a soldier_n to_o learn_v and_o practice_v in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o posture_n and_o well_o handle_v of_o arm_n which_o i_o may_v term_v to_o be_v the_o single_a accidence_n of_o this_o art_n before_o he_o enter_v his_o syntaxis_fw-la and_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o endeavour_v to_o set_v some_o time_n apart_o for_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o there_o have_v be_v many_o that_o have_v not_o only_o dispute_v but_o have_v write_v against_o the_o many_o posture_n now_o use_v but_o be_v shameful_o confute_v by_o our_o modern_a writer_n i_o shall_v be_v silent_a and_o proceed_v to_o those_o posture_n belong_v to_o such_o arm_n that_o be_v now_o in_o use_n in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v far_o short_a of_o what_o be_v complete_a in_o exercise_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o westminster_n and_o therein_o of_o those_o honourable_a society_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o military_a garden_n and_o also_o now_o of_o late_a the_o cripple_n with_o out_o cripplegate_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o musket_n before_o i_o give_v you_o the_o posture_n of_o they_o both_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o brief_a definition_n of_o a_o posture_n a_o posture_n be_v a_o mode_n or_o garb_n that_o we_o be_v fix_v unto_o in_o the_o well_o handle_v of_o our_o arm_n in_o which_o there_o be_v motion_n attendant_a unto_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a grace_n presuppose_v your_o company_n to_o be_v in_o the_o field_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o a_o ready_a way_n for_o exercise_n than_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o exercise_v they_o apart_o by_o draw_v of_o the_o body_n of_o pike_n from_o their_o musket_n that_o each_o may_v be_v exercise_v in_o their_o particular_a posture_n by_o themselves_o only_o there_o be_v some_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o musket_n which_o be_v answerable_a to_o each_o other_o by_o conformity_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o body_n or_o upon_o a_o march_n as_o occasion_n serve_v as_o for_o example_n in_o march_v all_o be_v to_o be_v shoulder_v in_o troop_v or_o in_o any_o other_o motion_n the_o pike_n be_v to_o be_v advance_v and_o the_o musket_n poise_v in_o port_v of_o the_o pike_n the_o musket_n to_o be_v rest_v in_o trail_a of_o the_o pike_n the_o musket_n to_o be_v reverse_v which_o be_v the_o funeral_n posture_n when_o the_o pike_n be_v cheeked_a the_o musket_n be_v to_o be_v rest_v at_o the_o sentinel_n posture_n when_o the_o musket_n be_v present_v to_o fire_n the_o pike_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v and_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v order_v most_o common_o especial_o in_o a_o stand_n or_o for_o exercise_n the_o butt_n end_n of_o the_o musket_n be_v to_o be_v set_v to_o the_o ground_n etc._n etc._n 〈◊〉_d be_v most_o proper_a for_o the_o captain_n to_o exercise_n the_o pike_n himself_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o he_o may_v exercise_v both_o as_o he_o ought_v sometime_o to_o do_v and_o the_o ensign_n and_o lieutenant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v negligent_a herein_o when_o they_o be_v command_v or_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o their_o superior_a officer_n the_o next_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o pike_n in_o point_n of_o antiquity_n and_o honour_n the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o pike_n crave_v the_o precedency_n i_o have_v declare_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o horse_n what_o a_o excellent_a virtue_n silence_n be_v which_o ought_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v command_v and_o most_o diligent_o observe_v the_o body_n of_o pike_n from_o their_o march_n and_o stand_v all_o shoulder_v command_v as_o follow_v 1._o order_n your_o pike_n to_o your_o 1._o open_a 2._o close_a order_n this_o aught_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o always_o upon_o a_o stand_n and_o in_o the_o daytime_n it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o sentinel_n posture_n and_o for_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o horse_n have_v the_o butt_n end_n of_o the_o pike_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o right_a foot_n charge_v then_o to_o the_o horse_n draw_v your_o sword_n over_o your_o left_a arm_n have_v your_o pike_n in_o your_o left_a hand_n you_o may_v then_o receive_v they_o by_o command_v either_o to_o charge_v to_o the_o front_n right_o left_n rear_n 1._o order_n your_o pike_n 2._o put_v up_o your_o sword_n this_o be_v only_o useful_a upon_o a_o stand_n of_o pike_n and_o by_o some_o able_a soldier_n it_o be_v not_o think_v to_o be_v the_o secure_a charge_v against_o the_o horse_n or_o of_o strength_n to_o make_v the_o great_a resistance_n in_o their_o full_a career_n therefore_o it_o have_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v most_o convenient_a to_o close_v your_o file_n to_o your_o close_a order_n and_o rank_n close_v forward_o and_o be_v thus_o sement_v as_o it_o be_v will_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o ward_v any_o resistance_n from_o your_o order_n advance_v shoulder_n port_n comport_v cheek_n trail_v your_o pike_n order_n as_o you_o be_v from_o your_o order_n charge_n to_o the_o front_n right_o left_n rear_n order_n as_o you_o be_v 2._o advance_v your_o pike_n this_o be_v useful_a upon_o all_o occasion_n when_o the_o drum_n shall_v beat_v a_o troop_n it_o be_v also_o useful_a in_o all_o motion_n of_o doubling_n etc._n etc._n only_o remember_v when_o they_o be_v reduce_v they_o put_v themselves_o or_o be_v command_v into_o the_o same_o posture_n the_o stand_a party_n be_v in_o from_o your_o advance_n shoulder_v port_n comport_v cheek_n trail_v your_o pike_n advance_v as_o you_o be_v from_o your_o advance_n charge_v to_o the_o front_n right_o left_n reer_n advance_v as_o you_o be_v 3._o shoulder_v your_o pike_n this_o be_v useful_a and_o most_o proper_a upon_o a_o march_n it_o be_v useful_a in_o time_n of_o fight_n provide_v the_o pike_n be_v upon_o a_o stand_n for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o preserve_v the_o pike_n from_o shatter_v but_o the_o soldier_n also_o from_o your_o shoulder_n port_n comport_v cheek_n trail_n your_o pike_n shoulder_n as_o
increase_n of_o honour_n here_o and_o what_o may_v be_v merit_v for_o you_o to_o make_v you_o glorious_a in_o the_o world_n to_o come_v subscribe_v in_o the_o quality_n of_o july_n 29._o 1671._o your_o humble_a servant_n tho._n venn_n to_o the_o true_o generous_a gentleman_n and_o citizens_z of_o london_n practise_v arm_n in_o the_o artillery_n garden_n gentleman_n although_o i_o be_o a_o stranger_n to_o you_o i_o must_v declare_v to_o the_o world_n that_o what_o i_o know_v in_o this_o art_n military_a i_o receive_v as_o it_o be_v from_o your_o breast_n from_o some_o who_o be_v leader_n in_o your_o ground_n and_o it_o be_v a_o grief_n to_o i_o that_o i_o live_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o you_o as_o not_o to_o be_v of_o your_o number_n the_o least_o among_o you_o be_v of_o ability_n to_o be_v commander_n in_o chief_a when_o ever_o his_o majesty_n may_v require_v it_o there_o be_v in_o you_o strength_n enough_o to_o shield_v a_o just_a cause_n and_o a_o royal_a cause_n be_v able_a to_o advance_v your_o power_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o do_v by_o you_o without_o it_o it_o be_v that_o which_o give_v strength_n and_o sinew_n to_o all_o your_o motion_n gentleman_n you_o may_v see_v by_o my_o other_o epistle_n what_o author_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o elton_n elton_n and_o if_o you_o find_v some_o of_o the_o word_n of_o command_n one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o other_o late_o before_o i_o i_o can_v not_o help_v it_o for_o this_o be_v finish_v as_o to_o the_o command_n and_o direction_n above_o four_o or_o five_o year_n now_o last_v pass_v and_o in_o all_o that_o time_n i_o never_o see_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o gentleman_n nor_o his_o latter_a piece_n as_o yet_o this_n you_o will_v find_v to_o be_v but_o methodical_a collection_n for_o the_o young_a country_n soldier_n and_o in_o our_o rural_a exercise_n they_o can_v draw_v up_o but_o twelve_o file_n in_o which_o i_o be_o stint_v to_o a_o very_a small_a number_n for_o so_o great_a a_o work_n if_o there_o be_v a_o proportionableness_n in_o the_o arm_n the_o figure_n will_v have_v be_v better_o yet_o not_o in_o the_o least_o presume_v to_o teach_v you_o but_o i_o hope_v with_o your_o favourable_a construction_n you_o will_v allow_v it_o useful_a for_o we_o in_o the_o country_n although_o your_o ability_n may_v teach_v the_o world_n ten_o time_n more_o i_o aim_v at_o nothing_o but_o to_o show_v how_o necessary_a the_o readiness_n and_o use_n of_o arm_n be_v and_o of_o man_n to_o be_v well_o exercise_v in_o they_o which_o have_v be_v a_o benefit_n to_o republic_n as_o history_n and_o experience_n have_v make_v to_o appear_v for_o what_o nation_n have_v not_o find_v safety_n in_o the_o expert_a use_n of_o they_o and_o in_o the_o neglect_n thereof_o ruin_n i_o hope_v there_o be_v none_o of_o you_o so_o disloyal_a as_o not_o to_o obey_v your_o prince_n command_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o can_v but_o commend_v your_o close_a order_n to_o his_o religion_n and_o not_o to_o be_v at_o open_a distance_n it_o be_v that_o which_o will_v make_v your_o obedience_n free_a your_o affection_n settle_v yourselves_o renown_v and_o as_o i_o may_v in_o some_o part_n say_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n secure_v i_o humble_o crave_v your_o pardon_n for_o my_o boldness_n and_o grant_v i_o not_o only_o to_o be_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o well_o wisher_n to_o this_o art_n but_o also_o to_o the_o prosperity_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o i_o shall_v always_o subscribe_v march_v 1671._o you_o tho._n venn_n to_o all_o my_o fellow-officer_n soldier_n and_o love_n countryman_n to_o who_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n be_v delightful_a gentleman_n and_o fellow_n soldier_n although_o there_o be_v discouragement_n enough_o to_o make_v you_o negligent_a in_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n not_o only_o to_o see_v this_o art_n so_o little_o countenance_v but_o our_o late_a enemy_n by_o sit_v still_o grow_v rich_a and_o the_o royal_a son_n of_o mars_n in_o all_o their_o labour_n not_o able_a with_o one_o hand_n to_o wash_v the_o other_o yet_o this_o one_o thing_n in_o make_v ourselves_o capable_a to_o do_v our_o gracious_a king_n and_o country_n service_n shall_v be_v the_o chief_a motive_n to_o labour_n after_o the_o theoric_n part_n of_o this_o art_n by_o which_o we_o shall_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o perform_v the_o practic_n when_o we_o shall_v be_v call_v thereunto_o but_o lest_o these_o few_o collective_n may_v meet_v with_o some_o objection_n why_o that_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o horse_n in_o the_o first_o place_n when_o antiquity_n allow_v the_o precedency_n thereof_o to_o the_o infantry_n it_o be_v not_o to_o raise_v a_o dispute_n among_o the_o novist_n but_o i_o leave_v such_o to_o inquire_v of_o the_o precedency_n in_o a_o council_n of_o war_n and_o who_o take_v place_n there_o will_v resolve_v they_o and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v to_o most_o of_o you_o i_o be_v a_o commander_n of_o horse_n myself_o and_o then_o have_v finish_v my_o weak_a thought_n as_o to_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o which_o be_v view_v by_o some_o gentleman_n of_o our_o country_n i_o be_v desire_v by_o they_o to_o set_v out_o likewise_o some_o few_o collection_n for_o the_o young_a foot_n soldier_n it_o be_v true_a there_o have_v be_v many_o book_n print_v of_o this_o art_n in_o our_o past_a age_n and_o some_o in_o our_o present_n and_o as_o solomon_n say_v of_o make_v many_o book_n there_o be_v no_o end_n yet_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v for_o book_n this_o art_n may_v have_v be_v bury_v in_o oblivion_n and_o if_o i_o shall_v set_v out_o at_o full_a how_o all_o that_o we_o practise_v be_v not_o only_o borrow_v from_o antiquity_n but_o most_o of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o command_n be_v keep_v still_o in_o use_n it_o will_v be_v too_o large_a and_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n i_o shall_v acquiesce_v with_o what_o i_o intend_v for_o my_o private_a use_n but_o be_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v request_v hereunto_o etc._n when_o london_n be_v burn_v 1666._o sept._n 3d._n etc._n etc._n and_o now_o fear_v that_o most_o of_o our_o book_n be_v consume_v by_o fire_n i_o be_o further_a persuade_v to_o put_v these_o introductive_n to_o public_a view_n let_v i_o persuade_v you_o fellow_n soldier_n although_o you_o meet_v with_o many_o discouragement_n and_o scoff_v in_o your_o country_n although_o tax_n lie_v heavy_a upon_o you_o and_o your_o allowance_n do_v not_o answer_v your_o moderate_a expense_n nay_o although_o not_o your_o due_n for_o your_o time_n spend_v herein_o yet_o go_v on_o for_o i_o will_v bold_o tell_v you_o that_o practical_a knowledge_n in_o this_o art_n be_v the_o high_a step_n to_o preferment_n we_o read_v among_o the_o roman_n of_o lucullus_n and_o in_o our_o latter_a age_n of_o m._n spinola_n who_o through_o maturity_n of_o judgement_n and_o great_a learning_n become_v general_n as_o soon_o as_o soldier_n intimate_v that_o it_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o prince_n to_o be_v bear_v leader_n of_o army_n but_o other_o must_v expect_v to_o ascend_v this_o mountain_n of_o honour_n by_o many_o and_o difficult_a step_n therefore_o first_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o honest_a fame_n labour_v after_o the_o practice_n of_o private_a virtue_n then_o orderly_o proceed_v to_o signalise_v thyself_o by_o some_o public_a achievement_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o every_o generous_a spirit_n will_v endeavour_v the_o ascension_n thereof_o you_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o pass_v once_o the_o brunt_n of_o it_o even_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o life_n itself_o you_o will_v find_v delightful_a pleasure_n in_o follow_v the_o exercise_n of_o this_o art_n military_a who_o be_v it_o that_o shall_v think_v so_o despicable_o of_o a_o soldier_n or_o his_o profession_n so_o base_a as_o some_o have_v so_o account_v they_o when_o they_o that_o be_v the_o son_n of_o mars_n and_o have_v the_o true_a form_n of_o military_a discipline_n be_v high_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o honourable_a and_o as_o necessary_a member_n in_o a_o kingdom_n such_o as_o no_o kingdom_n can_v be_v without_o it_o be_v honourable_a because_o it_o be_v compass_v about_o with_o such_o reason_n as_o that_o the_o contemner_n thereof_o by_o the_o judicious_a be_v much_o reprove_v for_o that_o state_n that_o be_v not_o able_a to_o stand_v it_o out_o in_o arm_n against_o the_o rage_n of_o intestine_a and_o foreign_a violence_n be_v sure_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o destroyer_n how_o can_v any_o particular_a interest_n preserve_v itself_o without_o it_o i_o will_v bold_o say_v that_o the_o despiser_n of_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n be_v not_o only_o disloyal_a to_o their_o prince_n but_o destructive_a to_o themselves_o what_o be_v the_o law_n and_o civil_a order_n without_o defence_n
2._o white_a signify_v innocence_n or_o purity_n of_o conscience_n truth_n and_o upright_a integrity_n without_o blemish_n 3._o black_a signify_v wisdom_n and_o sobriety_n together_o with_o a_o severe_a correction_n of_o too_o much_o ambition_n be_v mix_v with_o yellow_a or_o with_o too_o much_o belief_n or_o lenity_n be_v mix_v with_o white_a 4._o blue_n signify_v faith_n constancy_n or_o truth_n in_o affection_n 5._o red_a signify_v justice_n or_o noble_a worthy_a anger_n in_o defence_n of_o religion_n or_o the_o oppress_a 6._o green_n signify_v good_a hope_n or_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o holy_a and_o honourable_a action_n 7._o purple_n signify_v fortitude_n with_o discretion_n or_o a_o most_o true_a discharge_v of_o any_o trust_v repose_v 8._o tunnis_n or_o tuâ—â—y_n signify_v merit_n or_o desert_n and_o a_o foe_n to_o ingratitude_n 9_o ermine_n which_o be_v only_o a_o rich_a furr_n with_o curious_a spot_n signify_v religion_n or_o holiness_n and_o that_o all_o aim_n be_v not_o divine_a object_n now_o from_o these_o colour_n and_o their_o mixture_n be_v derive_v many_o bastard_n and_o dishonourable_a colour_n as_o carnation_n orange_n tawny_a popengie_n etc._n etc._n which_o signify_v craft_n pride_n and_o wantonness_n so_o that_o all_o commander_n be_v leave_v at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n for_o their_o mixture_n but_o with_o these_o consideration_n as_o 1._o not_o to_o put_v in_o his_o ensign_n his_o full_a coat-armour_n 2._o not_o to_o bear_v one_o black_a spot_n and_o no_o more_o in_o his_o ensign_n for_o it_o show_v some_o blemish_n in_o the_o owner_n if_o the_o spot_n be_v round_o square_a or_o of_o equal_a proportion_n 3._o if_o the_o spot_n be_v unequal_a it_o signify_v a_o funeral_n or_o deadly_a revenge_n 4._o not_o to_o carry_v word_n in_o his_o colour_n without_o a_o device_n nor_o a_o device_n without_o word_n but_o device_n with_o word_n and_o the_o word_n not_o to_o exceed_v four_o in_o number_n for_o if_o there_o be_v more_o it_o show_v imperfection_n 5._o not_o to_o carry_v more_o colour_n than_o two_o except_o it_o be_v for_o some_o special_a note_n or_o the_o ensign_n of_o several_a kingdom_n it_o be_v a_o surcharge_n and_o esteem_a folly_n 2._o have_v show_v the_o true_a colour_n and_o the_o disgrace_n that_o may_v arise_v in_o the_o composure_n of_o they_o as_o mention_v by_o mr._n markham_n i_o come_v to_o the_o next_o disgrace_n which_o proceed_v from_o negligence_n in_o government_n as_o in_o carry_v his_o colour_n furl_v or_o fold_v up_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v fly_v or_o to_o let_v his_o colour_n fly_v when_o they_o shall_v be_v fold_v up_o or_o to_o display_v or_o flourish_v they_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v carry_v without_o any_o hand_n motion_n or_o to_o carry_v they_o without_o motion_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v display_v or_o to_o veil_v they_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v advance_v or_o to_o advance_v they_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v veil_v to_o lodge_v or_o dislodge_v colour_n without_o a_o guard_n or_o to_o suffer_v any_o man_n to_o handle_v they_o that_o have_v not_o a_o lawful_a authority_n now_o the_o avoidance_n hereof_o be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v any_o man_n from_o gross_a error_n 3._o the_o last_o disgrace_n as_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o ensign_n be_v 1._o from_o the_o rashness_n and_o unadvisedness_n of_o action_n when_o he_o be_v in_o safety_n out_o of_o a_o fantastical_a bravado_n to_o thrust_v himself_o into_o danger_n as_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n when_o he_o shall_v stand_v still_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o disgrace_n but_o the_o offence_n have_v be_v adjudge_v worthy_a of_o death_n although_o he_o may_v obtain_v victory_n by_o that_o forward_a action_n 2._o if_o in_o a_o march_n battalion_n or_o set_v of_o the_o parade_n or_o upon_o any_o other_o military_a employment_n he_o shall_v misplace_v himself_o it_o be_v a_o disgrace_n 3._o if_o in_o a_o battle_n skirmish_n or_o fight_v where_o the_o ensign_n be_v put_v to_o retreit_n his_o colour_n shall_v be_v surl_v or_o fold_v up_o or_o shoulder_v and_o not_o fly_v and_o hold_v forth_o and_o extend_v with_o the_o left_a arm_n and_o his_o sword_n advance_v in_o his_o right_a hand_n his_o colour_n be_v disgrace_v and_o such_o retreit_n be_v base_a and_o unworthy_a 4._o if_o the_o ensignbearer_n shall_v happen_v either_o in_o battle_n or_o skirmish_n to_o be_v slay_v and_o so_o the_o colour_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n if_o those_o or_o some_o of_o they_o next_o adjoin_v threreunto_o do_v not_o recover_v and_o advance_v they_o up_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o disgrace_n to_o the_o ensign_n but_o a_o utter_a dishonour_n to_o the_o whole_a company_n as_o i_o have_v declare_v that_o if_o the_o colour_n be_v lose_v there_o must_v be_v a_o severe_a account_n give_v for_o they_o and_o indeed_o a_o great_a act_n of_o cowardice_n can_v be_v find_v than_o to_o suffer_v the_o colour_n to_o be_v lose_v there_o be_v a_o ancient_a precedent_n but_o fresh_a in_o memory_n that_o in_o great_a defeat_v when_o army_n have_v be_v overthrow_v scatter_v and_o disperse_v so_o that_o particular_a safety_n have_v make_v man_n forget_v general_a observation_n even_o then_o the_o ensign_n be_v wound_v to_o death_n and_o desperate_a of_o all_o relief_n have_v strip_v his_o ensign_n from_o the_o staff_n and_o wrap_v or_o fold_v it_o about_o his_o body_n and_o so_o perish_v with_o it_o this_o ensign_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v lose_v because_o the_o honour_n thereof_o be_v carry_v with_o his_o free_a soul_n into_o heaven_n to_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o eternal_a fort_n for_o ever_o now_o in_o this_o particular_a the_o enemy_n can_v boast_v of_o any_o triumph_n if_o then_o purchase_v more_o than_o every_o sexton_n may_v do_v when_o he_o rob_v the_o dead_a of_o his_o wind_a sheet_n thus_o it_o have_v be_v report_v that_o sebastian_n king_n of_o portugal_n die_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o alcazar_n and_o i_o have_v read_v of_o many_o of_o our_o brave_a english_a that_o thus_o die_v at_o the_o renown_a battle_n at_o newport_n and_o have_v hear_v that_o many_o have_v so_o do_v in_o the_o army_n of_o our_o late_a sovereign_n of_o ever_o bless_a memory_n 5._o and_o last_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v recover_v the_o lose_a ensign_n and_o bring_v it_o away_o fly_v etc._n etc._n no_o matter_n how_o low_o in_o condition_n the_o man_n be_v if_o the_o captain_n upon_o any_o after_o consideration_n bestow_v those_o colour_n upon_o some_o other_o man_n it_o be_v a_o disgrace_n both_o to_o the_o captain_n and_o his_o ensign_n for_o he_o do_v injury_n to_o virtue_n and_o discourage_v valour_n obj._n but_o some_o may_v object_v that_o upon_o composition_n with_o the_o party_n deserve_v the_o captain_n may_v dispose_v of_o his_o colour_n where_o he_o please_v i_o confess_v it_o true_a but_o if_o this_o composition_n be_v force_v it_o be_v injurious_a and_o if_o it_o come_v by_o a_o voluntary_a consent_n of_o the_o party_n it_o be_v base_a and_o most_o unworthy_a in_o he_o also_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o right_a use_n and_o order_n of_o the_o ensign_n or_o colour_n with_o the_o posture_n and_o flourish_v thereunto_o belong_v as_o to_o my_o best_a remembrance_n i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o disgrace_n so_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v as_o to_o my_o knowledge_n the_o true_a use_n of_o the_o ensign_n whereby_o those_o injury_n may_v be_v avoid_v 1._o and_o first_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o in_o all_o extend_a march_n and_o not_o draw_v into_o a_o body_n as_o when_o they_o march_v either_o into_o a_o friend_n or_o enemy_n country_n or_o otherwise_o be_v conduct_v to_o some_o remote_a randesvouz_n here_o the_o ensign_n or_o colour_n ought_v to_o be_v half_o furl_v or_o fold_v up_o and_o half_o fly_v shall_v be_v shoulder_v and_o bear_v a_o little_a across_o the_o ensign-bearer_n neck_n with_o his_o hand_n extend_v a_o good_a distance_n from_o his_o body_n and_o his_o left_a hand_n upon_o his_o side_n or_o hilt_n of_o his_o sword_n this_o be_v term_v a_o march_v in_o state_n 2._o if_o he_o shall_v enter_v into_o any_o city_n or_o great_a town_n then_o he_o shall_v unfold_v or_o open_v his_o colour_n and_o let_v they_o fly_v at_o full_a length_n and_o carry_v they_o in_o his_o right_a hand_n close_o under_o the_o hose_n with_o a_o lofty_a hand_n and_o extend_a arm_n this_o be_v a_o march_v in_o triumph_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n blow_v stiff_a or_o there_o be_v a_o weakness_n or_o wearisomeness_n in_o the_o ensign-bearer_n than_o he_o may_v set_v the_o butt_n end_n against_o his_o waste_n and_o not_o otherwise_o and_o be_v to_o have_v but_o one_o hand_n upon_o his_o staff_n in_o any_o march_n whatever_o 3._o in_o all_o trooping_n the_o ensign_n shall_v ever_o be_v furl_v and_o carry_v in_o the_o same_o posture_n as_o the_o pike_n ought_v
line_n 87_o s_n v_n do_v represent_v the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n or_o moat_n that_o wash_v the_o bulwark_n which_o you_o must_v always_o understand_v when_o there_o shall_v any_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n chap._n viii_o wherein_o be_v determine_v the_o orthographical_a dimension_n or_o the_o profile_v of_o fortification_n and_o first_o those_o of_o the_o rampar_n and_o brestwork_n raise_v upon_o the_o rampar_n the_o sole_a and_o main_a business_n of_o the_o delineation_n hitherto_o expound_v be_v true_o to_o constitute_v or_o form_v the_o rampart_n circumference_n complete_v with_o face_n flanque_n and_o courtine_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o fundamental_a &_o principal_a work_n of_o all_o martial_a structure_n but_o now_o to_o prescribe_v the_o dimension_n of_o the_o rampar_n itself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n as_o to_o their_o height_n and_o thickness_n be_v the_o business_n of_o orthography_n every_o fortification_n consist_v almost_o of_o these_o part_n viz._n rampar_n brestwork_n fauss_n bray_v ditch_n or_o moat_n the_o couvert_a way_n and_o a_o out-brestwork_a yet_o if_o the_o ditch_n be_v dry_a the_o fauss-bray_a both_o may_v and_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v omit_v in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o rampar_n and_o brestwork_n the_o spartan_n in_o former_a time_n will_v not_o defend_v their_o city_n with_o wall_n and_o ditch_n and_o king_n agesilaus_n show_v his_o arm_a citizen_n to_o one_o that_o ask_v why_o sparta_n want_v wall_n say_v that_o those_o be_v the_o wall_n of_o sparta_n this_o be_v plain_o a_o foolish_a and_o empty_a ostentation_n of_o strength_n rely_v on_o no_o sound_a council_n but_o only_a rashness_n which_o the_o experience_n of_o all_o nation_n have_v condemn_v and_o which_o the_o spartan_n have_v almost_o find_v fatal_a to_o themselves_o in_o the_o theban_a war._n but_o leave_v this_o we_o will_v come_v to_o the_o purpose_n i._o for_o the_o stuff_n or_o matter_n to_o make_v the_o rampar_n the_o rampar_n must_v not_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n nor_o stone_n but_o earth_n this_o be_v every_o where_o at_o hand_n and_o ready_a to_o come_v by_o and_o be_v easy_o heap_v up_o to_o such_o a_o thickness_n that_o the_o rampar_n may_v be_v cannon_n proof_n beside_o earth_n by_o its_o yield_n and_o give_v way_n do_v soon_o master_n and_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o shot_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o prefer_v a_o bare_a earthen_a rampar_n before_o one_o case_v with_o stone_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o ii_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n so_o destructive_a to_o a_o fortification_n as_o a_o high_a rampar_n this_o error_n have_v be_v commit_v in_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a fortification_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a city_n in_o europe_n for_o these_o high_a rampart_n flatter_v the_o sight_n and_o make_v a_o show_n of_o strength_n where_o there_o be_v none_o when_o indeed_o they_o spoil_v the_o whole_a defence_n and_o betray_v the_o town_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o lest_o so_o great_a mischief_n may_v be_v have_v gratis_o the_o treasury_n must_v be_v also_o drain_v to_o obtain_v it_o the_o fault_n of_o high_a rampart_n consist_v chief_o in_o this_o that_o they_o shelter_v the_o enemy_n when_o he_o draw_v near_o they_o from_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o townsman_n this_o to_o its_o own_o great_a loss_n breda_n have_v teach_v we_o when_o it_o be_v last_o besiege_v by_o the_o hollander_n prince_n maurice_n have_v fortify_v this_o town_n with_o great_a care_n and_o expense_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o compleat_a fortification_n of_o europe_n but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n flatter_v his_o sight_n as_o i_o say_v deceive_v he_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o breda_n be_v afterward_o besiege_v by_o frederick_n mauritius_n his_o brother_n be_v not_o able_a from_o their_o high_a rampar_n with_o all_o their_o cannon_n to_o remove_v the_o enemy_n approach_v near_o unto_o they_o nor_o his_o blind_v steal_v by_o degree_n upon_o they_o whence_o they_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v hole_n in_o several_a place_n of_o their_o high_a rampar_n that_o be_v raise_v at_o such_o great_a charge_n and_o pull_v it_o down_o and_o level_v it_o to_o make_v a_o place_n for_o low_a battery_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v sure_a hit_v and_o break_v the_o fatal_a blind_v of_o the_o enemy_n but_o these_o high_a rampart_n can_v be_v so_o mend_v but_o they_o will_v be_v mar_v worse_o in_o another_o point_n for_o while_o they_o be_v cut_v in_o many_o place_n the_o bind_v together_o and_o joint_v of_o the_o work_n be_v loosen_a so_o that_o it_o will_v easy_o fall_v if_o batter_v with_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n but_o a_o rampar_n that_o rise_v to_o a_o indifferent_a height_n have_v not_o this_o deadly_a inconvenience_n 9_o fig._n 9_o as_o be_v manifest_a in_o itself_o nay_o and_o musket_n shoot_v do_v more_o execution_n from_o a_o low_a station_n than_o from_o a_o high_a one_o for_o let_v there_o be_v two_o height_n a_o b_o the_o big_a a_o c_o the_o lesser_a and_o let_v the_o line_n d_o e_z at_o the_o height_n of_o a_o man_n stand_v perpendicular_a upon_o the_o horizon_n now_o it_o be_v clear_v the_o line_n or_o shot_n which_o be_v direct_v from_o c_o to_o e_z shall_v fall_v beyond_o that_o line_n or_o shot_n which_o shall_v be_v direct_v from_o b_o to_z e_z and_o intercept_v a_o large_a space_n on_o the_o earth_n d_o f_o whereas_o the_o other_o from_o b_o passing_z through_z e_z intercept_v only_o the_o space_n d_o g_o therefore_o more_o ground_n may_v be_v scour_v from_o a_o low_a place_n than_o from_o a_o high_a but_o perhaps_o those_o that_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o high_a rampart_n will_v say_v they_o can_v be_v so_o easy_o climb_v and_o that_o the_o enemy_n approach_n may_v better_o be_v discover_v from_o they_o i_o answer_v the_o inconvenience_n now_o allege_v must_v prevail_v for_o a_o ordinary_a height_n will_v sufficient_o hinder_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o for_o discover_v his_o approach_n you_o may_v raise_v cavalier_n in_o the_o bulwork_n iii_o the_o height_n be_v determine_v therefore_o let_v not_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n exceed_v 18_o rhynland_a foot_n nor_o be_v less_o than_o 10_o foot_n for_o this_o will_v expose_v the_o city_n to_o the_o enemy_n shot_n the_o other_o suffice_v more_o will_v make_v you_o fall_v into_o the_o error_n speak_v of_o before_o in_o the_o second_o number_n engineer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o several_a magnitude_n of_o fortification_n prescribe_v several_a height_n but_o mere_o by_o guess_n in_o iu._n v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o etc._n etc._n the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n foot_n 12._o 14._o 15._o 16._o 18_o if_o hill_n shall_v hangover_v the_o town_n you_o must_v not_o for_o that_o reason_n raise_v your_o rampar_n above_o 18_o foot_n but_o raise_v cavalier_n in_o your_o bulwork_n or_o praeoccupate_v those_o high_a place_n with_o outwork_n iv_o the_o talu_n of_o the_o rampar_n or_o line_n form_v the_o slope_n the_o rampar_n must_v be_v so_o build_v that_o both_o without_o and_o within_o it_o may_v be_v slope_v for_o a_o body_n of_o earth_n can_v like_v a_o wall_n rise_v to_o a_o perpendicle_n 8._o fig._n 8._o the_o inward_a talu_n a_n b_o must_v be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o height_n b_o l_o that_o upon_o any_o sudden_a occasion_n the_o soldier_n may_v easy_o run_v up_o to_o their_o rampar_n the_o outward_a talu_n e_o f_o be_v most_o common_o half_a the_o height_n and_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o make_v it_o less_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_a if_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o loose_a it_o may_v be_v make_v equal_a to_o two_o three_o of_o the_o height_n but_o if_o the_o outward_a talu_n be_v too_o big_a it_o give_v the_o enemy_n a_o easy_a ascent_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o memorable_a take_n of_o the_o fort_n of_o schenkin_n v._o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n 8._o fig._n 8._o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n l_o 3_o must_v not_o be_v only_o such_o be_v may_v bear_v the_o force_n of_o cannon_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o big_a that_o after_o its_o brestwork_n be_v set_v on_o who_o low_a thickness_n must_v be_v 24_o foot_n else_o not_o cannon_n proof_n together_o with_o the_o step_n or_o banquet_n d_o 4_o three_o foot_n broad_a yet_o it_o may_v also_o have_v remain_v a_o plain_a or_o walk_v call_v in_o french_a terreplein_n 4_o l_o large_a enough_o for_o the_o traverse_v great_a gun_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v most_o a_o end_n 51_o or_o 57_o rhynland_a foot_n a_o thickness_n much_o exceed_v this_o will_v be_v superfluous_a and_o for_o no_o other_o use_n than_o drain_n the_o exchequer_n and_o here_o also_o your_o engineer_n for_o the_o
diversity_n of_o the_o figure_n prescribe_v several_a thickness_n and_o mere_o again_o by_o guess_n in_o iu._n v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n foot_n 36._o 39_o 44._o 48._o 51._o 57_o and_o because_o rampart_n and_o their_o brestworks_n ought_v to_o be_v cannon_n proof_n i_o will_v brief_o add_v how_o much_o ground_n a_o shot_n can_v penetrate_v a_o whole_a cannon_n at_o 400_o foot_n distance_n with_o a_o ball_n of_o 48_o pound_n shall_v strike_v 20_o foot_n deep_a into_o firm_a earth_n a_o demi-canon_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o 300_o foot_n with_o a_o ball_n of_o 24_o l._n shall_v enter_v 12_o foot_n of_o firm_a ground_n a_o field_n piece_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o 200_o foot_n with_o a_o ball_n of_o 12._o l._n shall_v pass_v through_o about_o 7_o foot_n of_o firm_a ground_n this_o goldman_n report_v but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v loose_a it_o will_v penetrate_v far_o deep_o dogen_fw-mi deny_v that_o 20_o foot_n of_o any_o ordinary_a earth_n can_v be_v pierce_v with_o whole_a cannon_n shoot_v vi_o the_o low_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n 8._o fig._n 8._o the_o low_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n be_v find_v if_o to_o the_o upper_a thickness_n l_o 3_o or_o b_o f_o you_o add_v the_o outward_a and_o inward_a talu_n a_o b_o and_o f_o e_o it_o be_v therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n six_o or_o seven_o perch_n that_o be_v 72_o foot_n or_o 84_o foot_n but_o then_o the_o outward_a talu_n e_o f_o will_v be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o half_a the_o height_n for_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o figure_n author_n order_n again_o by_o guess_n in_o iu_o v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o the_o low_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n foot_n 54._o 60._o 66._o 72._o 78._o 84._o vii_o of_o a_o rampar_n case_v with_o stone_n a_o rampar_n case_v with_o stone_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o bare_a one_o 1._o because_o it_o chief_o hinder_v nocturnal_a invasion_n and_o sudden_a attempt_n since_o the_o enemy_n can_v mount_v it_o without_o ladder_n the_o provide_v of_o which_o will_v be_v very_o troublesome_a and_o the_o use_n as_o uncertain_a 2._o because_o it_o hinder_v a_o open_a assault_n since_o it_o can_v be_v attempt_v but_o by_o ladder_n which_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n or_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n throw_v down_o with_o mine_n 3._o because_o it_o be_v a_o stable_n and_o everlasting_a work_n whereas_o a_o bare_a rampar_n unless_o it_o be_v continual_o repair_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n they_o that_o disagree_v reason_n after_o this_o manner_n 1._o that_o wall_n batter_v with_o cannon_n soon_o fall_v than_o the_o bare_a earth_n 2._o their_o stone_n beat_v down_o fill_v up_o the_o ditch_n 3._o that_o the_o piece_n or_o splinter_n of_o the_o stone_n fly_v about_o will_v hurt_v the_o defendant_n the_o first_o i_o deny_v if_o the_o wall_n be_v very_o thick_a or_o if_o as_o i_o order_v prop_v with_o a_o earthen_a rampar_n as_o to_o the_o second_o it_o will_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o rather_o worse_a in_o a_o bare_a rampar_n the_o three_o be_v avoid_v if_o you_o do_v not_o raise_v the_o wall_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampar_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o antwerp_n this_o inconvenience_n will_v be_v much_o less_o if_o you_o make_v the_o wall_n of_o brick_n viii_o the_o brestwork_n of_o the_o rampar_n upon_o the_o rampar_n there_o be_v always_o a_o brestwork_n build_v 4_o g_z i_o k_o 3_o 8._o fig._n 8._o who_o dimension_n be_v these_o follow_v 1._o the_o inward_a height_n t_o 4_o must_v be_v always_o 6_o foot_n that_o it_o may_v convenient_o shelter_v the_o soldier_n who_o seldom_o exceed_v this_o measure_n 2._o the_o outward_a height_n 2_o k_o must_v be_v foot_n for_o so_o not_o only_o the_o field_n and_o the_o out-brestwork_a but_o also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o ditch_n will_v be_v defend_v by_o the_o rampar_n and_o you_o may_v know_v how_o much_o if_o you_o can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o c_o φ_n which_o will_v be_v find_v after_o this_o manner_n as_o i_o o_o be_v to_o o_o k_o so_o be_v i_o c_o to_o c_o φ._n the_o three_o first_o term_n be_v know_v therefore_o the_o four_o c_o φ_n must_v be_v know_v now_o from_o c_z v_z know_v take_v c_o φ_n know_v there_o will_v remain_v φ_n v_n also_o know_v 3._o the_o inward_a talu_n d_o i_o must_v be_v always_o 1_o foot_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o great_a since_o it_o lie_v from_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v prop_v up_o sufficient_o by_o the_o step_n or_o banquet_n g_z 4_o d_o neither_o be_v it_o expose_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o man_n always_o run_v up_o it_o as_o the_o inward_a side_n of_o the_o rampar_n 4._o the_o outward_a talu_n 2_o 3._o must_v be_v always_o 2_o foot_n for_o since_o the_o outward_a side_n of_o the_o brestwork_n k_n 3_o lie_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o outward_a side_n of_o the_o rampar_n 3_o e_z and_o k_o 2_o 3_o f_o be_v parallel_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o triangle_n 2_o k_o 3_o f_o 3_o e_z be_v like_o triangle_n therefore_o since_o in_o the_o four_o number_n we_o order_v the_o outward_a talu_n of_o the_o rampar_n e_o f_o to_o be_v half_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n f_o 3_o 32_o will_n also_o be_v half_a the_o height_n 2_o k_o but_o 2_o k_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v always_o 4_o foot_n therefore_o 32_o will_v be_v always_o 2_o foot_n 5._o the_o upper_a thickness_n o_o k_o must_v be_v cannon_n proof_n therefore_o since_o a_o whole_a cannon_n will_v scarce_o strike_v through_o 20_o foot_n of_o earth_n 21_o foot_n may_v suffice_v 6._o the_o low_a thickness_n d_o 3_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o two_o talue_n d_o t_o 32_o and_o the_o upper_a thickness_n o_o k_o the_o two_o talue_n take_v together_o make_v 3_o foot_n and_o the_o upper_a thickness_n 21_o foot_n so_o that_o the_o low_a thickness_n will_v be_v 24_o foot_n and_o here_o again_o our_o engineer_n sport_v it_o and_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o figure_n alter_v the_o thickness_n after_o this_o manner_n in_o iu._n v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o etc._n etc._n lat._n sup_v 9_o 11._o 12._o 15._o 17_o 21_o foot_n lat._n inf_n 12_o 14_o 15_o 18_o 20_o 24_o foot_n the_o step_n or_o banquet_n be_v build_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o all_o brestworks_n on_o the_o inside_n and_o be_v 3_o foot_n thick_a or_o broad_a and_o 1_o ½_n foot_n high_a ix_o the_o terreplein_n or_o walk_n upon_o the_o rampar_n the_o walk_n on_o the_o rampar_n l_o 4_o be_v find_v if_o from_o the_o upper_a thickness_n of_o the_o rampar_n l_o 3_o you_o subtract_v the_o low_a thickness_n of_o the_o brestwork_n d_o 3_o and_o the_o thickness_n or_o breadth_n of_o the_o step_n d_o 4_o wherefore_o since_o d_o 3_o in_o number_n 8._o be_v order_v to_o be_v 24_o foot_n and_z d_o 4_o to_o be_v 3_o foot_n and_o in_o the_o 6_o number_n l_o 3_o be_v order_v to_o be_v 51_o foot_n or_o 57_o foot_n there_o remain_v for_o the_o walk_v 24_o foot_n or_o 30_o foot_n but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o sport_n with_o the_o engineer_n above_o it_o will_v be_v in_o iu_o v._o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o etc._n etc._n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o terreplein_n 21._o 22._o 25_o ½_n 27._o 28._o 30._o foot_n x._o the_o bank_n of_o the_o ditch_n if_o the_o rampar_n want_v a_o fauss-bray_a there_o will_v be_v leave_v a_o bankside_n or_o a_o space_n of_o earth_n 6_o foot_n broad_a from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o rampar_n to_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o ditch_n r_o s._n chap._n ix_o the_o orthography_n of_o the_o fauss-bray_a i._o the_o end_n and_o necessity_n of_o a_o fauss-bray_a experience_n have_v teach_v we_o in_o the_o take_n of_o many_o town_n in_o holland_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o outwork_n be_v take_v in_o the_o moat_n without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n will_v be_v cover_v with_o gallery_n and_o so_o conquer_v for_o the_o water_n in_o the_o moat_n hinder_v the_o sally_n of_o the_o besiege_a the_o builder_n of_o the_o gallery_n can_v only_o be_v call_v from_o the_o opposite_a flanque_n be_v safe_a before_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o necessary_a height_n of_o the_o rampar_n which_o protect_v the_o enemy_n lie_v so_o near_o under_o it_o from_o the_o shot_n and_o sight_n of_o the_o besiege_a against_o so_o deadly_a a_o inconvenience_n the_o brestwork_n 5_o n_z p_o qui_fw-fr r_n be_v build_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o rampar_n which_o be_v call_v common_o fauss-bray_a or_o parapet_n des_fw-fr rondes_fw-la and_o in_o this_o alone_o consist_v the_o safety_n of_o a_o moat_n or_o wet_a ditch_n for_o from_o this_o the_o besieger_n be_v beat_v off_o on_o all_o side_n with_o shot_n almost_o quite_o level_a or_o horizontal_n and_o
the_o figure_n of_o the_o place_n be_v so_o irregular_a as_o not_o to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o regular_a it_o will_v behoove_v you_o to_o circumscribe_v about_o it_o a_o regular_a figure_n but_o that_o you_o may_v know_v how_o many_o side_n the_o figure_n circumscribe_v be_v to_o have_v measure_v the_o large_a radius_fw-la of_o the_o place_n you_o intend_v to_o enclose_v then_o turn_v to_o the_o table_n of_o regular_n fortification_n and_o observe_v what_o figure_v radius_fw-la your_o radius_fw-la be_v equal_a to_o or_o near_a and_o what_o figure_v radius_fw-la you_o find_v it_o to_o be_v that_o figure_n you_o must_v circumscribe_v chap._n xvi_o how_o a_o irregular_a place_n have_v fit_a sides_n and_o angle_n be_v to_o be_v irregular_o fortify_v some_o angle_n of_o irregular_a place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v fit_a other_o unfit_a as_o likewise_o some_o of_o the_o side_n be_v fit_a and_o some_o unfit_a that_o be_v a_o fit_a angle_n that_o be_v not_o less_o than_o ninety_o degree_n that_o which_o be_v less_o be_v unfit_a for_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n set_v upon_o it_o will_v be_v less_o than_o sixty_o degree_n if_o a_o due_a proportion_n be_v keep_v of_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o part_n the_o external_a angle_n also_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o unfit_a that_o side_n be_v fit_a that_o leave_v for_o the_o courtine_n not_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o foot_n nor_o more_o than_o five_o hundred_o foot_n when_o the_o two_o gorge_n line_n belong_v to_o a_o square_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o on_o both_o side_n that_o side_n be_v unfit_a that_o leave_v more_o than_o five_o hundred_o or_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o foot_n dogen_fw-mi pronounce_v one_o side_n to_o be_v unfit_a that_o be_v less_o than_o the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a regular_a figure_n therefore_o look_v in_o the_o table_n for_o the_o neckline_n of_o a_o square_a fortification_n and_o cut_v they_o off_o at_o each_o end_n from_o every_o particular_a side_n and_o if_o the_o remainder_n be_v no_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o foot_n or_o more_o than_o five_o hundred_o foot_n the_o side_n be_v fit_a prob._n i._o let_v there_o be_v give_v a_o irregular_a place_n z_o have_v fit_a sides_n and_o angle_n 27._o fig._n 27._o which_o be_v require_v to_o be_v irregular_o fortify_v 1._o find_v out_o by_o help_n of_o a_o instrument_n the_o least_o angle_n of_o the_o place_n which_o let_v be_v a_o then_o observe_v what_o regular_a figure_n be_v angle_n of_o the_o circumference_n be_v equal_a to_o this_o least_o angle_a or_o next_o less_o let_v we_o order_v it_o to_o be_v the_o angle_n of_o a_o square_n 2._o seek_v therefore_o in_o your_o table_n chap_n 5._o the_o neckline_n that_o serve_v for_o a_o square_a which_o let_v be_v a_o h_n a_o h_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o side_n seek_v also_o the_o flanque_n of_o a_o square_a which_o be_v raise_v perpendicular_o from_o h_n h_n let_v be_v h_n g_o h_o g._n then_o bisect_v the_o angle_n a_o with_o a_o infinite_a right_a line_n a_o q_o cut_v off_o from_o it_o the_o capital_a line_n of_o a_o square_a a_o f_o likewise_o find_v in_o the_o table_n and_o join_v f_o g_z fg_n so_o you_o have_v h_n g_o f_o g_o h_o the_o bulwark_n of_o a_o square_a fortification_n where_o note_n that_o if_o the_o least_o angle_n be_v 100_o degree_n or_o betwixt_o 110_o or_o 108_o you_o must_v give_v to_o the_o flanque_n seventy_o foot_n 3._o if_o on_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o angle_n you_o make_v bulwork_n belong_v to_o a_o square_a the_o fortification_n will_v be_v complete_a and_o perfect_a 4._o if_o the_o courtine_n and_o flanque_n in_o the_o courtine_n be_v in_o some_o place_n too_o little_a there_o make_v the_o bulwark_n of_o a_o regular_a figure_n next_o less_o till_o your_o courtine_n be_v long_o enough_o you_o may_v also_o lessen_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n if_o the_o flanque_n be_v too_o short_a still_o preserve_v its_o just_a bigness_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o maxim_n on_o the_o contrary_a you_o may_v increase_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n if_o the_o flanque_fw-la of_o the_o courtine_n be_v very_o big_a 5._o very_o great_a angle_n to_o wit_n such_o as_o be_v big_a than_o 150_o degree_n shall_v be_v fortify_v as_o right_a side_n that_o be_v you_o shall_v so_o fortify_v each_o side_n of_o the_o angle_n as_o if_o it_o be_v one_o courtine_n the_o manner_n will_v be_v deliver_v afterward_o 6._o the_o bulwork_n be_v build_v after_o this_o form_n by_o help_n of_o the_o least_o angle_n if_o the_o courtine_n and_o flanque_n of_o the_o courtine_n be_v of_o that_o length_n that_o that_o they_o may_v be_v shorten_v still_o preserve_v their_o due_a quantity_n than_o it_o will_v be_v lawful_a to_o increase_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n by_o increase_v either_o the_o flanque_n or_o neckline_n or_o both_o together_o and_o so_o will_v you_o take_v away_o any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v be_v in_o this_o way_n neither_o will_v there_o be_v any_o thing_n that_o dogen_n can_v condemn_v nor_o such_o need_n of_o that_o troublesome_a new_a invention_n of_o line_n find_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n prob._n ii_o to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n another_o way_n 1._o menander_n sure_a each_o angle_n of_o the_o place_n and_o see_v what_o regular_a figure_n be_v angle_v each_o angle_n be_v equal_a to_o or_o next_o big_a 2._o on_o each_o angle_n of_o the_o give_v place_n build_v bulwork_n with_o their_o neckline_n flanque_n capital_a take_v from_o those_o figure_n unto_o who_o angle_n of_o circumference_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o give_v place_n shall_v come_v near_o the_o business_n shall_v be_v illustrate_v with_o a_o example_n suppose_v the_o angle_n a_o to_o be_v find_v next_o less_o than_o the_o angle_n of_o a_o square_a on_o this_o build_v the_o bulwark_n of_o a_o square_a then_o let_v the_o angle_n b_o be_v next_o big_a than_o the_o angle_n of_o a_o hexagon_n therefore_o you_o must_v build_v on_o b_o the_o bulwark_n of_o a_o hexagon_n and_o so_o for_o the_o rest_n 3._o but_o if_o when_o the_o bulwork_n shall_v be_v build_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 27._o fig._n 27._o on_z b_o that_o of_o a_o hexagon_n on_o c_o that_o of_o a_o pentagon_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o courtine_n l_o k_n be_v notable_o less_o than_o 300_o foot_n you_o must_v build_v on_o b_o the_o bulwark_n of_o a_o pentagon_n and_o on_o c_o the_o bulwark_n of_o a_o square_n if_o the_o courtine_n be_v not_o yet_o 300_o foot_n you_o must_v also_o make_v on_o b_o the_o bulwark_n of_o a_o square_a but_o if_o yet_o the_o courtine_n be_v less_o than_o 300_o foot_n the_o side_n c_o b_o will_n be_v unfit_a prob._n iii_o to_o do_v the_o same_o yet_o another_o way_n 1._o the_o three_o manner_n be_v this_o 27._o fig._n 27._o if_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o place_n differ_v notable_o from_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o next_o regular_a figure_n then_o with_o the_o same_o data_fw-la as_o be_v in_o any_o of_o the_o six_o manner_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n find_v for_o each_o of_o the_o angle_n a_o b_o all_o the_o angle_n and_o line_n as_o we_o do_v there_o in_o regular_a fortification_n dogen_fw-mi in_o pag._n 204._o seem_v to_o prefer_v for_o this_o purpose_n the_o three_o manner_n deliver_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n 2._o on_o the_o angle_n a_o make_v a_o bulwark_n with_o his_o neckline_n capital_a flanques_fw-la which_o you_o find_v for_o the_o angle_n a_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n on_o the_o angle_n b_o make_v a_o bulwark_n take_v the_o neckline_n capital_a and_o flanque_n which_o you_o find_v for_o the_o angle_n b_o and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o angle_n c_o d_o e._n 3_o if_o after_o the_o bulwork_n be_v thus_o order_v the_o courtine_n be_v find_v too_o short_a you_o must_v help_v that_o fault_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o num_fw-la 3._o prob._n ii_o 4._o at_o last_o the_o figure_n be_v fortify_v after_o this_o manner_n according_a we_o the_o several_a circumstance_n may_v require_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o flanque_n face_n and_o of_o the_o angle_n of_o bulwark_n may_v be_v free_o change_v and_o alter_v etc._n etc._n provide_v you_o do_v not_o transgress_v the_o canon_n establish_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n dogen_n have_v table_n of_o this_o after_o pag._n 200._o this_o way_n be_v take_v out_o of_o dogen_n chap._n xvii_o how_o a_o irregular_a place_n have_v unfit_a side_n and_o angle_n aught_o to_o be_v fortify_v prob._n i._o to_o fortify_v the_o unfit_a angle_n of_o the_o irregular_a place_n a._n 28._o fig._n 28._o 1._o if_o the_o angle_n s_o i_o b_o be_v only_o little_a less_o than_o a_o right_a one_o build_v on_o it_o the_o bulwark_n of_o a_o square_a and_o cut_v off_o its_o angle_n q_n for_o it_o be_v less_o than_o it_o
thence_o cut_v off_o e_z g_z e_o h_o equal_a to_o â…“_n of_o the_o side_n and_o thence_o again_o raise_v the_o perpendicle_n e_o f_o equal_a also_o to_o 1_o â—_o 5._o join_v g_o f_o h_o f_o you_o have_v your_o purpose_n 40._o fig._n 40._o there_o be_v build_v also_o square_a fort_n with_o two_o whole_a bulwork_n and_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o double_a have_v see_v fig._n 40._o prop._n viii_o to_o delineate_v a_o threesided_n fort_n with_o half_a bulwork_n 41._o fig._n 41._o 1._o describe_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n a_o b_o c_o who_o side_n must_v be_v less_o than_o those_o of_o a_o square_n 2._o cut_a off_o from_o the_o side_n the_o three_o part_n a_o i_o b_o l_o c_o k_o for_o the_o neckline_n 3._o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neckline_n raise_v perpendicular_o the_o six_o part_n of_o the_o side_n i_o h_n l_o m_o k_o g._n 4._o add_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o three_o part_n b_o d_o c_o e_o a_o f_o and_o join_v f_o h_n d_o m_o e_o g._n you_o have_v your_o purpose_n the_o four_o fort_n describe_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v build_v promiscuous_o and_o for_o variety_n sake_n but_o with_o choice_n and_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o place_n and_o although_o they_o be_v much_o weak_a than_o fort_n with_o whole_a bulwork_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v convenient_o make_v use_n of_o as_o to_o their_o profile_n and_o ichnography_n you_o may_v give_v they_o the_o same_o as_o to_o redoubt_n and_o star_n or_o if_o they_o require_v a_o great_a you_o may_v give_v they_o that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o siege_n of_o hartogen_n bosch_n in_o which_o the_o base_a of_o the_o rampar_n be_v 27_o foot_n the_o height_n 6_o the_o upper_a breadth_n of_o the_o rampar_n 18_o the_o base_a of_o the_o brestwork_n 8_o the_o upper_a breadth_n of_o the_o brest-work_n 4_o the_o height_n of_o the_o brest-work_n 6_o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n 30_o foot_n chap._n xx._n of_o battery_n for_o great_a gun_n and_o of_o the_o approach_n the_o circumvallation_n be_v finish_v which_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o siege_n deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n you_o raise_v battery_n for_o great_a gun_n in_o certain_a place_n and_o go_v towards_o the_o out-brestwork_a cover_v in_o oblique_a trench_n of_o these_o therefore_o in_o this_o present_a chapter_n prop._n i._o to_o build_v a_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a battery_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a battery_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a 42._o fig._n 42._o the_o last_o be_v direct_v towards_o the_o enemy_n without_o the_o first_o towards_o the_o besiege_a you_o shall_v build_v a_o offensive_a one_o after_o this_o manner_n 1._o multiply_v the_o number_n of_o gun_n that_o be_v to_o be_v mount_v by_o 12_o the_o product_n shall_v give_v in_o foot_n the_o length_n of_o the_o battery_n for_o each_o gun_n be_v distant_a from_o another_o 12._o foot_n and_o the_o two_o at_o the_o end_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o brestwork_n 6_o foot_n each_o 2._o you_o will_v have_v the_o breadth_n a_o d_o if_z to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o gun_n mount_v in_o his_o carriage_n you_o add_v the_o space_n a_o f_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n for_o the_o recoil_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o the_o space_n f_o d_o for_o traverse_v and_o passage_n 3._o let_v the_o platform_n of_o the_o battery_n be_v make_v slope_v downward_o towards_o the_o enemy_n that_o when_o the_o gun_n be_v recoil_v they_o may_v with_o more_o ease_n be_v bring_v back_o to_o their_o place_n let_v its_o entry_n behind_o be_v i_o k_o the_o way_n lead_v to_o it_o must_v not_o be_v very_o steep_a but_o gentle_o rise_v that_o the_o gun_n may_v with_o more_o ease_n be_v get_v in_o 4._o that_o part_n of_o the_o battery_n that_o face_n the_o enemy_n must_v be_v fortify_v with_o a_o brest-work_n who_o base_a you_o may_v make_v 12_o 15_o or_o 18_o foot_n its_o height_n 6_o for_o the_o side_n a_o d_o b_o e_o a_o less_o width_n will_v suffice_v 5._o let_v there_o be_v so_o many_o port_n in_o the_o brestwork_n as_o there_o be_v gun_n let_v their_o height_n be_v three_o foot_n their_o outward_a width_n four_o their_o inward_a two_o the_o outward_a width_n be_v more_o than_o the_o inward_a that_o the_o gun_n may_v scour_v more_o of_o the_o field_n 6._o behind_o the_o battery_n you_o must_v describe_v a_o space_n d_o s_o n_o e_o equal_a and_o like_v the_o battery_n in_o it_o make_v a_o square_a hole_n as_o m_n who_o side_n must_v be_v ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n in_o which_o the_o powder_n must_v be_v keep_v and_o you_o must_v cover_v the_o mouth_n with_o leather_n lest_o any_o spark_n shall_v fall_v in_o to_o conclude_v as_o well_o about_o the_o battery_n itself_o a_o e_z as_o the_o space_n d_o n_n you_o must_v make_v a_o ditch_n eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n wide_a six_o foot_n deep_a 7._o the_o first_o battery_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v raise_v at_o a_o musquet-shot_a from_o the_o town_n afterwad_v near_o the_o very_a ditch_n the_o general_a rule_n may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o near_o they_o be_v the_o place_n they_o do_v the_o great_a execution_n 8._o the_o defensive_a battery_n be_v not_o so_o full_a of_o work_n their_o brestwork_n if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o earth_n may_v be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n thick_a the_o height_n be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o cover_v a_o gun_n in_o its_o carriage_n instead_o of_o a_o earthen_a brestwork_n they_o use_v common_o great_a wicker_n basket_n fill_v with_o earth_n prop._n ii_o to_o direct_v the_o line_n of_o approach_n to_o a_o place_n besiege_a 1._o about_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o thousand_o foot_n from_o the_o town_n open_v the_o trench_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 43._o fig._n 43._o which_o you_o must_v carry_v on_o oblique_o towards_o the_o place_n besiege_v so_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v scour_v from_o any_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v continue_v some_o space_n you_o must_v dig_v a_o new_a one_o the_o other_o way_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o same_o obliqueness_n and_o so_o by_o several_a turn_n you_o proceed_v to_o the_o out-brestwork_a itself_o where_o at_o length_n the_o approach_n be_v finish_v draw_v two_o trench_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d long_o than_o ordinary_a and_o parallel_v to_o the_o place_n besiege_v these_o two_o last_o line_n cover_v the_o besieger_n like_o a_o brest-work_n so_o that_o be_v so_o near_o at_o hand_n they_o frighten_v away_o the_o defendant_n from_o guard_v their_o graft_n and_o rampar_n 2._o although_o the_o approach_n ought_v so_o to_o be_v carry_v on_o that_o they_o may_v never_o be_v scour_v from_o the_o enemy_n rampar_n yet_o the_o engineer_n shall_v take_v good_a heed_n he_o make_v they_o no_o more_o obliquer_fw-fr than_o need_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n and_o expense_n i_o think_v with_o two_o turn_n you_o may_v always_o come_v to_o the_o out-brestwork_a a_o far_o short_a way_n than_o if_o more_o oblique_a line_n have_v be_v make_v for_o let_v there_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o point_n where_o you_o begin_v your_o approach_n the_o right_a line_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o continue_v may_v fall_v a_o little_a without_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o brestwork_n and_o if_o another_o line_n be_v produce_v from_o β_n which_o go_v without_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o out-brestwork_a you_o will_v arrive_v at_o the_o out-brestwork_a in_o two_o turn_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o why_o this_o way_n of_o approach_n be_v less_o use_v i_o think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o your_o long_a line_n of_o approach_n if_o attempt_v may_v be_v soon_o carry_v and_o demolish_v by_o the_o enemy_n than_o those_o that_o be_v cut_v in_o and_o out_o with_o several_a wind_n 3._o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o line_n you_o must_v build_v redoubt_n after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o two_o may_v be_v flanque_v by_o one_o for_o this_o be_v the_o best_a situation_n of_o redoubt_n if_o one_o of_o the_o line_n be_v draw_v long_o than_o ordinary_a you_o may_v also_o build_v redoubt_n in_o the_o middle_n for_o its_o defence_n all_o which_o the_o 43_o figure_n sufficient_o express_v 4._o the_o earth_n which_o be_v cast_v out_o be_v throw_v towards_o the_o enemy_n that_o it_o may_v be_v instead_o of_o a_o brestwork_n to_o the_o pioner_n let_v its_o tower_n width_n be_v six_o foot_n its_o upper_a twelve_o or_o fifteen_o it_o be_v least_o depth_n must_v be_v such_o that_o may_v cover_v a_o stand_a man_n with_o the_o height_n of_o its_o brestwork_n join_v to_o it_o the_o near_a they_o advance_v to_o the_o town_n that_o deep_a they_o must_v be_v the_o width_n also_o must_v be_v increase_v if_o there_o be_v occasion_n to_o bring_v stuff_n for_o the_o gallery_n through_o the_o trench_n they_o use_v frequent_o to_o
be_v necessary_a to_o put_v plank_n or_o some_o solid_a thing_n under_o the_o ghynne_n and_o pin_n to_o stay_v they_o but_o this_o as_o necessity_n shall_v require_v now_o the_o ghynne_n firm_o place_v and_o settle_v the_o gunner_n must_v get_v up_o by_o the_o ladder_n or_o some_o step_n to_o the_o head_n or_o top_n of_o it_o have_v the_o rope_n in_o his_o hand_n shall_v put_v it_o through_o the_o uppermost_a truckle_n of_o the_o head_n and_o let_v it_o fall_v down_o to_o another_o man_n again_o that_o he_o may_v catch_v it_o that_o he_o may_v put_v it_o through_o one_o side_n of_o the_o piece_n to_o fasten_v it_o into_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o so_o have_v put_v it_o through_o they_o he_o may_v draw_v it_o up_o until_o he_o can_v give_v it_o he_o that_o be_v above_o and_o then_o put_v it_o through_o the_o other_o hole_n of_o the_o truckle_n and_o give_v it_o to_o he_o that_o be_v under_o he_o who_o must_v reach_v it_o again_o to_o he_o that_o be_v above_o and_o so_o fasten_v it_o to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o ghynne_n give_v it_o some_o turn_n until_o it_o come_v under_o the_o uppermost_a truckle_n this_o do_v he_o must_v fasten_v it_o with_o great_a diligence_n to_o the_o low_a truckle_n by_o put_v the_o ear_n as_o through_o the_o ring_n which_o be_v under_o the_o say_a truckle_n after_o this_o begin_v to_o hoist_v your_o piece_v and_o in_o the_o hoist_v put_v a_o spar_v or_o some_o such_o thing_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o piece_v so_o that_o thereby_o it_o may_v be_v govern_v and_o may_v not_o sway_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o will_v be_v dangerous_a for_o if_o it_o shall_v strike_v against_o the_o rouler_n or_o any_o one_o of_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o give_n it_o may_v break_v all_o and_o so_o spoil_v both_o the_o work_n and_o the_o man_n tend_v upon_o it_o therefore_o i_o say_v be_v sure_a that_o those_o who_o stand_v by_o the_o spar_n be_v careful_a in_o guide_v the_o piece_n and_o keep_v it_o steady_a and_o right_a until_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o piece_n be_v well_o settle_a a_o diligent_a eye_n be_v have_v all_o this_o while_n that_o neither_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o give_n nor_o rope_n give_v way_n and_o be_v sure_a every_o part_n of_o the_o rope_n draw_v equal_a and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o knick_n or_o that_o they_o be_v not_o tangle_v one_o among_o another_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o hoist_v the_o piece_n blow_n must_v be_v give_v upon_o the_o tackle_n until_o it_o be_v set_v tort_n and_o all_o bear_v equal_a but_o if_o you_o shall_v perceive_v that_o the_o ghynne_n or_o any_o part_n give_v way_n present_o let_v your_o piece_n sink_v and_o underlay_v and_o settle_v well_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o ghynne_n and_o that_o as_o gentle_o as_o may_v be_v to_o the_o end_n the_o cross_a beam_n or_o rouler_n may_v not_o be_v disjoin_v or_o break_v then_o wind_v it_o up_o careful_o and_o very_o gentle_o by_o the_o help_n of_o two_o man_n only_o and_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o when_o one_o of_o the_o lever_n be_v bring_v down_o it_o must_v be_v hold_v there_o fast_o until_o the_o other_o have_v get_v purchase_n and_o then_o must_v this_o other_o also_o be_v bring_v down_o this_o must_v be_v reiterated_a so_o often_o until_o it_o be_v so_o high_a that_o the_o carriage_n may_v be_v place_v under_o it_o so_o that_o the_o trunion_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o socket_n or_o hole_n of_o the_o carriage_n and_o then_o guide_v the_o piece_n by_o the_o spar_n so_o that_o it_o fall_v easy_o in_o and_o so_o rest_v itself_o in_o the_o carriage_n and_o then_o let_v it_o be_v well_o clasp_v over_o and_o then_o lock_v in_o and_o fasten_v with_o forelock_n and_o so_o you_o may_v draw_v away_o your_o piece_n where_o you_o please_v on_o board_n ship_n this_o ghynne_n be_v not_o of_o use_n it_o be_v the_o boatswain_n business_n to_o fix_v a_o tackle_n that_o may_v be_v able_a to_o hoist_v up_o any_o piece_n into_o its_o carriage_n the_o sling_n one_o part_n must_v come_v about_o the_o casacabel_n and_o the_o other_o part_n about_o a_o billet_n so_o make_v that_o it_o may_v fit_v in_o at_o the_o muzzle_n and_o by_o strength_n of_o hand_n or_o by_o help_n of_o a_o windless_a or_o capstain_v it_o may_v be_v hoist_v up_o so_o that_o the_o carriage_n may_v be_v bring_v under_o so_o that_o the_o gun_n be_v loar_v its_o trunion_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o carriage_n which_o then_o clasp_v over_o with_o its_o iron_n clasp_v let_v they_o be_v forelock_v and_o then_o with_o hand-tackle_n be_v bring_v where_o you_o please_v see_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o give_n and_o the_o field_n and_o ship-piece_n mount_v in_o the_o figure_n 11._o chap._n vi_o the_o way_n to_o draw_v a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n with_o the_o necessary_a thing_n thereunto_o belong_v both_o for_o land_n and_o sea_n see_v we_o have_v discover_v the_o way_n of_o cast_v a_o piece_n and_o mount_v it_o in_o its_o carriage_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o treat_v of_o and_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o draw_v they_o from_o place_n to_o place_n for_o service_n where_o care_n must_v be_v take_v what_o the_o way_n be_v that_o you_o be_v to_o pass_v for_o if_o the_o way_n be_v foul_a moorish_a and_o dirty_a there_o be_v then_o require_v as_o many_o more_o horse_n as_o in_o good_a way_n that_o be_v for_o a_o whole_a cannon_n of_o 8000_o l._n you_o may_v use_v 15_o couple_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o tyllar_a for_o a_o demi-cannon_n of_o about_o 6000_o l._n you_o may_v use_v 11_o couple_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o tyllar_a for_o a_o piece_n of_o 4000_o l._n weight_n you_o may_v use_v 8_o couple_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o tyllar_a for_o a_o field_n piece_n of_o about_o 3000_o l._n use_n 6_o couple_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o tyllar_a for_o a_o saker_n of_o 1800_o l._n weight_n you_o may_v use_v 4_o couple_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o tyllar_a for_o a_o piece_n of_o 1500_o l._n weight_n you_o may_v use_v 3_o couple_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o tyllar_a for_o a_o falcon_n two_o couple_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o tyllar_a for_o a_o small_a drake_n of_o about_o 250_o l._n one_o horse_n will_v serve_v and_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n you_o may_v find_v how_o many_o horse_n will_v draw_v any_o weight_n whatsoever_o many_o time_n when_o horse_n be_v want_v man_n be_v make_v use_n of_o upon_o such_o occasion_n you_o must_v divide_v your_o man_n into_o three_o draw_v file_n according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o piece_n now_o to_o the_o end_n the_o rank_n may_v spread_v and_o every_o man_n may_v draw_v equal_o alike_o fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o carriage_n a_o cross_a beam_n or_o bar_n to_o which_o you_o must_v fasten_v the_o draw_v rope_n equal_o at_o such_o distance_n that_o one_o may_v not_o impead_n the_o other_o and_o let_v there_o be_v besure_n one_o to_o steer_v the_o piece_n when_o you_o come_v to_o any_o wind_a or_o turn_v if_o the_o draw_a rope_n be_v long_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o cross_v it_o with_o rope_n or_o some_o light_a piece_n of_o wood_n like_o a_o ladder_n with_o two_o or_o more_o cross_a piece_n let_v they_o be_v make_v fast_o for_o the_o better_a and_o more_o steady_a draw_v and_o to_o every_o there_o must_v be_v a_o neck-line_n fasten_v to_o the_o rope_n and_o so_o to_o cast_v over_o every_o man_n shoulder_n in_o manner_n as_o be_v use_v to_o draw_v our_o western_a barge_n and_o you_o must_v know_v your_o proportion_n of_o man_n fit_a to_o draw_v any_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n and_o that_o must_v be_v regulate_v according_a to_o the_o goodness_n or_o badness_n of_o the_o way_n and_o so_o more_o or_o less_o man_n allow_v every_o man_n to_o draw_v about_o 50_o 60_o or_o 80_o pound_n for_o it_o be_v suppose_v a_o man_n may_v draw_v in_o ordinary_a way_n 50_o or_o 60_o pound_n but_o in_o very_o good_a way_n more_o than_o 80_o pound_n however_o it_o be_v good_a to_o have_v man_n enough_o let_v the_o sponge_n ladle_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v fast_o along_o the_o piece_n to_o the_o ring_n and_o britch_n end_n sometime_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o unevenness_n steepness_n or_o other_o defect_n of_o the_o way_n it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o you_o may_v be_v force_v to_o dismount_v your_o piece_n and_o remount_v it_o again_o there_o it_o be_v necessary_a every_o gunner_n have_v with_o he_o a_o ghynne_n a_o wynche_n and_o all_o appurtenance_n necessary_a thereunto_o as_o to_o the_o sea_n gunner_n on_o board_n ship_n their_o occasion_n require_v no_o more_o than_o the_o wynch_n and_o their_o piece_n be_v mount_v according_a to_o the_o
direction_n give_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n then_o with_o one_o or_o two_o tackle_n he_o bring_v the_o piece_n to_o the_o place_n desire_v where_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v well_o fasten_v in_o its_o place_n for_o which_o purpose_n there_o be_v thereunto_o require_a tackle_n and_o britchin_n and_o in_o case_n of_o foul_a weather_n or_o that_o any_o of_o the_o gear_n or_o tackle_n be_v suspect_v or_o by_o my_o much_o tumble_v every_o thing_n hang_v upon_o the_o nail_n for_o fear_v any_o bolt_n shall_v give_v way_n or_o draw_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o nail_v down_o to_o the_o deck_n with_o spikes_n one_o coin_n behind_o each_o truck_n or_o at_o least_o the_o after_o truck_v which_o to_o great_a piece_n be_v common_o dead_a truck_v so_o that_o each_o piece_n may_v have_v little_a or_o no_o play_n but_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n shall_v give_v way_n in_o foul_a weather_n then_o with_o all_o speed_n dismount_v the_o piece_n as_o soon_o as_o possible_a you_o can_v for_o fear_n of_o further_a mischief_n for_o which_o purpose_n put_v in_o his_o way_n as_o he_o run_v from_o side_n to_o side_n rug_n pillow_n bed_n &c_n &c_n and_o stand_v ready_a with_o crow_n and_o handspike_n and_o with_o tackle_n to_o hitch_v or_o catch_v he_o close_o and_o fast_o to_o any_o ring_n by_o the_o ship_n side_n or_o such_o other_o place_n as_o best_a present_n as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o the_o tackle_n useful_a it_o be_v usual_o know_v thus_o see_v how_o long_o the_o piece_n be_v and_o make_v the_o tackle_n four_o time_n as_o long_o and_o let_v the_o britchin_n be_v twice_o the_o length_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o something_o more_o the_o manner_n of_o draw_v of_o piece_n by_o man_n and_o horse_n you_o will_v see_v in_o the_o three_o figure_n chap._n vii_o to_o grove_n or_o examine_v the_o goodness_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n whether_o it_o be_v flaw_v honycombed_n crack_v chamber-bored_a etc._n etc._n with_o the_o difference_n of_o common_a legitimate_a and_o bastard_n piece_n it_o remain_v necessary_a for_o this_o chapter_n to_o treat_v or_o show_v the_o way_n to_o know_v whether_o a_o piece_n be_v serviceable_a or_o no_o which_o be_v usual_o do_v in_o the_o first_o proof_n by_o powder_n which_o we_o intend_v not_o to_o write_v of_o here_o have_v mention_v it_o before_o and_o more_o will_v be_v say_v when_o we_o have_v show_v the_o composition_n of_o powder_n that_o knowledge_n of_o a_o piece_n we_o here_o intend_v be_v to_o examine_v a_o piece_n buy_v or_o to_o be_v take_v into_o service_n whether_o good_a or_o serviceable_a or_o out_o of_o many_o piece_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o best_a or_o such_o as_o be_v free_v from_o hole_n flaw_n crack_n honycomb_n etc._n etc._n and_o first_o to_o know_v if_o a_o piece_n be_v free_a from_o crack_n or_o have_v hole_n through_o take_v a_o long_a stick_n long_o than_o the_o piece_n make_v of_o a_o hoopstick_a or_o otherwise_o slit_v it_o at_o one_o end_n so_o that_o you_o may_v put_v a_o short_a piece_n of_o candle_n in_o it_o then_o light_a the_o candle_n and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o piece_n and_o so_o put_v it_o along_o easy_o whilst_o another_o lay_v his_o eye_n close_o to_o the_o piece_n do_v go_v along_o equal_o with_o the_o candle_n until_o the_o whole_a piece_n be_v view_v and_o so_o by_o help_n of_o the_o light_n within_o side_n the_o eye_n without_o side_n will_v perceive_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o flaw_n crack_n etc._n etc._n this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n in_o at_o the_o muzzle_n of_o a_o piece_n by_o help_n of_o a_o looking-glass_n or_o polished_a steel_n but_o many_o time_n a_o piece_n may_v be_v flaw_v or_o honycombed_n and_o can_v be_v discern_v through_o the_o piece_n and_o then_o the_o best_a way_n to_o find_v they_o out_o be_v thus_o make_v the_o usual_a search_n with_o two_o or_o three_o spring_n or_o in_o case_n you_o have_v they_o not_o bend_v the_o iron_n point_n of_o a_o half_a pike_n than_o put_v it_o into_o the_o piece_n up_o to_o the_o britch_n end_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n turn_v it_o round_o careful_o and_o gradual_o as_o you_o pluck_v it_o out_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o honey-comb_n crack_n or_o flaw_n the_o end_n or_o bend_a point_n of_o the_o half_a pike_n will_v stick_v or_o catch_v at_o they_o to_o know_v whether_o the_o piece_n be_v chamber-bored_a take_v a_o prime_a iron_n that_o be_v small_a or_o a_o piece_n of_o wire_n bend_v it_o a_o little_a at_o the_o end_n but_o so_o that_o it_o may_v go_v down_o at_o the_o touchhole_n and_o put_v it_o down_o so_o far_o as_o it_o will_v go_v then_o at_o the_o touchhole_n close_o by_o the_o metal_n of_o the_o piece_n make_v a_o mark_n upon_o the_o wire_n then_o gentle_o pluck_v it_o up_o upon_o one_o side_n of_o the_o touchhole_n until_o the_o bend_a point_n stop_v upon_o the_o metal_n or_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o chamber_n and_o then_o make_v another_o mark_n upon_o the_o wire_n just_a by_o the_o touchhole_n then_o draw_v out_o the_o wire_n and_o the_o distance_n between_o these_o two_o mark_n be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o chamber_n or_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n at_o britch_n take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o bear_v at_o muzzle_n and_o if_o this_o height_n at_o muzzle_n agree_v with_o that_o take_v at_o the_o britch_n of_o the_o piece_n then_o be_v the_o piece_n full_o bore_v but_o if_o they_o differ_v so_o much_o as_o the_o difference_n be_v sheweth_z the_o taper_v of_o the_o piece_n and_o according_a to_o this_o must_v your_o former_a be_v make_v for_o your_o cartredge_n there_o be_v another_o way_n to_o know_v whether_o a_o piece_n be_v chamber-bored_a or_o taper_v by_o the_o dispart_n of_o a_o piece_n which_o way_n we_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o dispart_v a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n now_o although_o we_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n the_o most_o usual_a piece_n of_o ordnance_n yet_o as_o i_o have_v say_v there_o be_v other_o piece_n which_o be_v long_a or_o short_a which_o be_v use_v and_o be_v general_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o bastard_n piece_n and_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a legitimate_a piece_n thus_o the_o legitimate_a piece_n have_v their_o due_a length_n of_o chase_n and_o be_v proportion_v according_a to_o the_o true_a height_n of_o their_o bore_n bastard_z piece_n be_v short_a chase_n such_o as_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o bore_n do_v require_v and_o be_v therefore_o call_v cut_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n of_o the_o piece_n they_o agree_v with_o in_o the_o bear_v as_o those_o of_o demi-culverin_n bear_v be_v call_v demi-culverin_n cut_v etc._n etc._n there_o be_v also_o piece_n call_v extraordinary_a which_o be_v such_o who_o chase_n be_v long_o than_o be_v usual_o for_o that_o bore_n now_o we_o have_v well_o and_o due_o understand_v how_o not_o only_o to_o make_v but_o also_o to_o examine_v and_o prove_v a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n in_o the_o next_o place_n shall_v follow_v their_o use_n set_v down_o in_o due_a order_n wherein_o first_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o we_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o its_o various_a composition_n with_o the_o material_n necessary_a thereunto_o and_o afterward_o show_v its_o use_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o material_n use_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o first_o we_o will_v treat_v of_o the_o original_a of_o salt-peter_n it_o be_v believe_v by_o many_o in_o these_o latter_a time_n that_o the_o salt-peter_n now_o in_o use_n be_v not_o the_o niter_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n but_o a_o new_a invention_n use_v or_o find_v our_o for_o the_o composition_n of_o powder_n and_o that_o they_o be_v only_o a_o niter_n generate_v by_o nature_n or_o that_o salt_n that_o be_v coagulate_v of_o itself_o without_o any_o humane_a artifice_n in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o they_o take_v it_o which_o nevertheless_o they_o divide_v into_o four_o different_a species_n to_o wit_n armenian_a african_a roman_a and_o egyptian_a and_o this_o egyptian_a hold_v its_o name_n by_o a_o certain_a region_n in_o egypt_n in_o which_o be_v find_v great_a abundance_n serapian_a deliver_v to_o we_o that_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o draw_v their_o niter_n be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o like_v they_o where_o common_a salt_n be_v form_v in_o which_o the_o water_n run_v do_v congeal_v and_o condense_v like_o a_o vulgar_a stone_n from_o hence_o come_v it_o to_o be_v call_v stonify_v salt_n or_o sal-peter_n the_o same_o author_n do_v affirm_v that_o niter_n be_v find_v of_o divers_a colour_n viz._n white_a reddish_n livid_n or_o lead-like_a and_o all_o other_o colour_n it_o be_v able_a to_o take_v he_o say_v likewise_o that_o
cylinder_n for_o culverin_n three_o diameter_n for_o the_o saker_n three_o and_o a_o half_a diameter_n and_o for_o lesser_a piece_n four_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o length_n will_v also_o serve_v for_o the_o cartredge_n sect_n ii_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o powder_n for_o any_o one_o piece_n to_o find_v the_o weight_n of_o powder_n proper_a to_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n to_o perform_v this_o work_n you_o must_v find_v by_o the_o forego_n table_n the_o cube_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n who_o allowance_n of_o powder_n you_o know_v also_o the_o cube_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n who_o allowance_n of_o powder_n you_o desire_v to_o know_v then_o say_v as_o the_o cube_n of_o the_o know_a piece_n be_v the_o quantity_n of_o powder_n know_v so_o be_v the_o cube_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o unknown_a piece_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o powder_n proper_a to_o the_o unknown_a piece_n sect_n iii_o practical_a experiment_n concern_v the_o allowance_n of_o powder_n necessary_a to_o any_o piece_n in_o time_n of_o service_n it_o be_v always_o necessary_a to_o take_v care_n in_o time_n of_o service_n of_o over-loading_a a_o piece_n which_o error_n many_o run_v into_o only_o mind_v the_o bore_n of_o a_o piece_n and_o not_o mind_v whether_o the_o metal_n will_v bear_v it_o and_o so_o endanger_v themselves_o and_o other_o stander_n by_o to_o avoid_v such_o error_n observe_v these_o experience_a rule_n to_o a_o demi-canon_n fortify_v of_o brass_n about_o 4400_o or_o a_o little_a more_o there_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o tower_n 5_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o powder_n to_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o metal_n yet_o in_o time_n of_o service_n gunner_n do_v allow_v but_o 3_o ounce_n ¾_n to_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o metal_n which_o do_v amount_v to_o 10_o l._n ¼_n demi-canon_n drake_n of_o iron_n about_o 3800_o l._n be_v allow_v by_o the_o tower_n 3_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o powder_n to_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o metal_n which_o will_v be_v durable_a in_o time_n of_o service_n but_o there_o be_v drake_n of_o 4400_o l._n which_o must_v be_v allow_v more_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o weight_n culverin_n fortify_v brass_n of_o 4600_o l._n be_v allow_v by_o the_o tower_n 3_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o powder_n complete_a to_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o metal_n which_o may_v be_v burn_v in_o time_n of_o service_n with_o very_o little_a abatement_n culverin_n drake_n of_o 40000_o l._n or_o thereabouts_o of_o iron_n for_o these_o piece_n may_v be_v allow_v in_o time_n of_o service_n 3_o ounce_n to_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o metal_n but_o proportionable_o must_v be_v allow_v for_o piece_n of_o great_a or_o lesser_a weight_n the_o 12_o pounder_n fortify_v of_o brass_n of_o 3200_o l._n for_o gun_n of_o this_o weight_n and_o nature_n be_v usual_o allow_v 3_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a for_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o metal_n demyculverin_n brass_n of_o 3300_o l._n there_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o tower_n for_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n of_o this_o nature_n 3_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a and_o something_o more_o to_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o metal_n the_o which_o be_v approve_v a_o very_a sufficient_a allowance_n demyculverin_n drake_n of_o 2900_o l._n be_v allow_v by_o most_o two_o ounce_n three_o quarter_n to_o each_o hundred_o weight_n of_o metal_n which_o will_v be_v durable_a in_o time_n of_o service_n saker_n fortify_v brass_n of_o 2000_o l._n be_v allow_v 3_o ounce_n and_o something_o more_o for_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o metal_n but_o there_o may_v be_v a_o small_a abatement_n in_o time_n of_o service_n chap._n xxvii_o to_o know_v whether_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnante_n be_v true_o bore_v or_o no._n you_o must_v provide_v a_o pikestaff_n about_o a_o foot_n long_o than_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n and_o at_o the_o end_n thereof_o fasten_v a_o rammer_n head_n that_o will_v just_o fill_v all_o the_o bear_v to_o the_o touch_n hole_n and_o at_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o staff_n you_o must_v bore_v a_o hole_n big_a enough_o to_o put_v through_o a_o rod_n of_o iron_n which_o must_v hang_v from_o the_o same_o and_o at_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o rod_n must_v be_v make_v a_o weight_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o saker_n shoot_v this_o be_v do_v to_o make_v the_o pikestaff_n and_o rammer_n head_n to_o lie_v with_o the_o same_o side_n upward_o when_o they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o piece_n as_o they_o do_v when_o they_o be_v within_o the_o piece_n than_o you_o must_v put_v your_o instrument_n thus_o prepare_v into_o the_o piece_n let_v the_o iron_n ball_n that_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o rod_n which_o be_v put_v through_o the_o hole_n bore_v a_o cross_a the_o pikestaff_n hang_v perpendicular_a then_o take_v your_o prime_a iron_n or_o some_o other_o bodkin_n and_o put_v it_o down_o the_o touch_n hole_n to_o the_o rammer_n head_n make_v a_o mark_n therewith_o this_o do_v draw_v out_o your_o instrument_n and_o lay_v the_o same_o on_o a_o long_a table_n with_o the_o iron_n ball_n hang_v off_o the_o end_n perpendicular_a as_o it_o do_v when_o the_o instrument_n be_v in_o the_o piece_n then_o observe_v whether_o the_o mark_v you_o make_v upon_o the_o rammer_n head_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o piece_n be_v just_a upon_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o same_o if_o it_o be_v the_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n lie_v neither_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n nor_o to_o the_o left_a but_o if_o you_o find_v it_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n so_o much_o lie_v the_o bore_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a and_o the_o piece_n in_o shoot_v must_v be_v order_v and_o charge_v according_o but_o if_o you_o will_v know_v whether_o the_o bear_v lie_v more_o upward_o or_o downward_o then_o bend_v a_o wire_n at_o the_o very_a end_n so_o that_o it_o be_v put_v in_o at_o the_o very_a touch_n hole_n may_v catch_v at_o the_o metal_n when_o it_o be_v draw_v out_o then_o put_v the_o wire_n down_o the_o touch_n hole_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o chamber_n then_o hold_v it_o in_o that_o place_n make_v a_o mark_n upon_o the_o wire_n just_o even_o with_o the_o touch_n hole_n after_o draw_v up_o the_o wire_n until_o it_o catch_v at_o the_o metal_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o chamber_n and_o hold_v it_o there_o make_v a_o mark_n as_o before_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o mark_n be_v the_o just_a wideness_n of_o the_o chamber_n and_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o first_o mark_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wire_n have_v half_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o chamber_n of_o the_o piece_n substract_v from_o it_o will_v leave_v half_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o piece_n if_o the_o piece_n be_v true_a bore_v but_o if_o the_o piece_n number_n be_v more_o than_o half_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o piece_n the_o bore_n lie_v too_o far_o from_o the_o touch_n hole_n and_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v thick_a but_o if_o lesser_a the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v thick_a or_o have_v most_o metal_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o necessary_a instrument_n for_o a_o gunner_n with_o several_a other_o necessary_a thing_n a_o master_n gunner_n intend_v upon_o service_n ought_v most_o chief_o to_o be_v prepare_v with_o these_o instrument_n as_o calaber_n compass_n height_n board_n sight_n rule_n gunner_n scale_n and_o a_o gunner_n quadrant_a to_o divide_v as_o well_o into_o 12_o as_o 90_o equal_a part_n with_o a_o geometrical_a square_n to_o make_v monture_n level_n height_n breadth_n distance_n and_o profundity_n of_o which_o you_o shall_v read_v more_o in_o the_o second_o part_n also_o with_o a_o little_a brass_n level_n scales_n weight_n priming-iron_n mould_v to_o make_v cross-bar_n shoot_v for_o musket_n a_o book_n of_o account_n and_o a_o iron_n wire_n or_o spring_n and_o a_o transome_n to_o dispart_v a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n that_o the_o transome_n may_v go_v up_o and_o down_o according_a to_o the_o diameter_n and_o thickness_n of_o the_o piece_n let_v the_o transom_n be_v long_o enough_o to_o reach_v the_o base_a ring_n from_o the_o touch_n hole_n in_o the_o next_o place_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o expert_a in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o cut_v out_o make_v up_o and_o finish_v all_o sort_n of_o ladle_n sponge_n rammer_n cartredge_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o purpose_n you_o may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o forego_n table_n and_o because_o it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o steepness_n badness_n and_o unevenness_n of_o the_o way_n you_o may_v be_v drive_v to_o dismount_v and_o remount_v your_o piece_n ere_o you_o get_v up_o to_o the_o top_n
end_n of_o the_o ladle_n be_v thrust_v up_o to_o the_o britch_n end_n of_o the_o piece_n then_o must_v you_o turn_v the_o ladle_n gentle_o and_o soft_o and_o let_v it_o lie_v within_o the_o chamber_n of_o the_o piece_n draw_v out_o your_o ladle_n almost_o to_o the_o muzzle_n of_o the_o piece_n put_v it_o back_o again_o to_o take_v up_o the_o loose_a corn_n which_o be_v spill_v by_o the_o way_n and_o to_o bring_v they_o up_o to_o the_o charge_n of_o powder_n this_o do_v the_o gunner_n must_v draw_v out_o this_o ladle_n and_o take_v out_o of_o the_o budg-barrel_n a_o second_o ladle_n full_a by_o our_o former_a rule_n give_v he_o must_v know_v the_o quantity_n of_o powder_n that_o his_o piece_n will_v require_v and_o so_o put_v it_o in_o the_o piece_n up_o to_o the_o former_a ladle-full_a than_o you_o may_v draw_v it_o out_o and_o do_v as_o you_o do_v before_o that_o no_o loose_a corn_n may_v lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o in_o draw_v out_o his_o ladle_n he_o must_v have_v a_o care_n that_o he_o let_v not_o fall_v any_o powder_n upon_o the_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n uncomely_a in_o a_o gunner_n to_o trample_v powder_n under_o foot_n then_o take_v a_o wisp_n of_o straw_n hay_o or_o any_o other_o thing_n and_o put_v it_o hard_o in_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o piece_n then_o turn_v your_o ladle_n end_n for_o end_n to_o come_v to_o the_o rammer_n thrust_v it_o into_o the_o piece_n after_o the_o wisp_n and_o drive_v it_o up_o with_o it_o and_o it_o will_v carry_v all_o the_o loose_a corn_n which_o possible_o may_v be_v scatter_v in_o the_o mould_n of_o the_o piece_n have_v drive_v the_o wad_n up_o to_o the_o powder_n give_v it_o two_o or_o three_o gentle_a shove_v to_o make_v it_o lie_v close_o only_o but_o drive_v it_o not_o too_o hard_o lest_o you_o break_v your_o powder_n too_o much_o which_o will_v hinder_v its_o force_n the_o wisp_n or_o wad_n be_v close_o to_o the_o powder_n draw_v out_o the_o rammer_n and_o put_v in_o the_o bullet_n which_o roll_n gentle_o in_o the_o piece_n up_o to_o the_o wad_n that_o be_v before_o put_v in_o to_o keep_v up_o the_o powder_n the_o shot_n be_v in_o put_v in_o a_o second_o wad_n after_o the_o bullet_n and_o thrust_v it_o also_o home_o to_o the_o bullet_n always_o remember_v whilst_o the_o powder_n be_v put_v in_o and_o wad_a up_o one_o be_v ready_a at_o the_o touch_n hole_n and_o keep_v it_o stop_v with_o his_o thumb_n that_o no_o powder_n fly_v out_o at_o the_o touch_n hole_n but_o that_o it_o be_v likewise_o fill_v with_o powder_n which_o may_v be_v supply_v out_o of_o his_o powder-horn_n the_o gunner_n that_o load_v a_o piece_n be_v to_o be_v very_o careful_a and_o endeavour_v always_o not_o to_o stand_v before_o the_o muzzle_n of_o his_o piece_n whilst_o he_o be_v load_v the_o piece_n but_o on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o same_o lest_o a_o danger_n or_o mischief_n may_v happen_v to_o he_o and_o thus_o the_o piece_n have_v its_o due_a charge_n of_o powder_n and_o bullet_n he_o must_v cover_v the_o touchhole_n with_o a_o apron_n make_v of_o lead_n or_o for_o want_n of_o that_o with_o dry_a sheepskin_n then_o let_v he_o level_v his_o piece_n and_o set_v away_o the_o budg-barrel_n of_o powder_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o thing_n in_o some_o hollow_a place_n under_o the_o ground_n cover_v over_o safe_a he_o must_v then_o attend_v the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o ordnance_n or_o other_o chief_a commander_n their_o order_n or_o command_n before_o he_o give_v fire_n touch_v the_o charge_n of_o piece_n i_o have_v give_v full_a instruction_n necessary_a thereunto_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o powder_n and_o shot_n for_o any_o piece_n but_o to_o say_v something_o here_o touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o powder_n proper_a for_o a_o load_n we_o do_v find_v some_o difference_n among_o author_n some_o whereof_o do_o maintain_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o every_o piece_n for_o its_o charge_n so_o much_o powder_n as_o half_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o bullet_n other_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o more_o powder_n be_v put_v into_o a_o piece_n the_o swift_a and_o far_o the_o bullet_n will_v fly_v urge_v many_o reason_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o experience_n the_o mistress_n of_o this_o art_n instruct_v we_o better_o for_o if_o a_o piece_n be_v load_v with_o two_o three_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o her_o shot_n in_o powder_n it_o send_v the_o bullet_n or_o shot_n go_v more_o swift_o and_o will_v carry_v it_o far_o which_o have_v be_v very_o many_o and_o often_o time_n try_v so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v without_o contradiction_n again_o other_o do_v maintain_v that_o if_o one_o shall_v forcible_o ram_v the_o bullet_n than_o the_o powder_n may_v take_v fire_n before_o it_o cast_v forth_o the_o bullet_n and_o then_o will_v cause_v the_o bullet_n to_o fly_v far_o than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v do_v but_o you_o must_v consider_v in_o so_o do_v you_o either_o endanger_v the_o break_n of_o the_o piece_n or_o else_o the_o make_v it_o crooked_a and_o unserviceable_a because_o your_o ordinary_a piece_n will_v not_o bear_v so_o great_a a_o charge_n of_o powder_n this_o have_v be_v try_v by_o the_o sea_n side_n before_o his_o excellency_n prince_n maurice_n of_o famous_a memory_n where_o first_o one_o and_o the_o same_o piece_n be_v load_v with_o ten_o pound_n of_o fine_a powder_n to_o see_v how_o far_o she_o will_v carry_v the_o bullet_n the_o place_n be_v mark_v where_o the_o bullet_n rest_v the_o piece_n be_v load_v again_o with_o nine_o pound_n of_o powder_n which_o shoot_v as_o far_o as_o when_o the_o piece_n be_v load_v with_o ten_o pound_n of_o powder_n but_o last_o of_o all_o this_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n be_v load_v or_o charge_v with_o 7_o pound_n of_o the_o same_o powder_n it_o carry_v her_o bullet_n further_o than_o the_o two_o former_a shot_n whence_o one_o may_v observe_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n may_v be_v overcharged_n and_o therefore_o a_o good_a gunner_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o give_v unto_o his_o piece_n her_o due_a measure_n and_o charge_n chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o office_n and_o duty_n of_o a_o gunner_n with_o all_o his_o property_n endowment_n and_o qualification_n he_o that_o intend_v to_o be_v a_o master_n gunner_n and_o will_v not_o abuse_v himself_o nor_o other_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n must_v be_v qualify_v according_a to_o our_o instruction_n follow_v viz._n he_o ought_v to_o be_v well_o skill_v in_o arithmetic_n and_o to_o understand_v the_o extraction_n of_o the_o square_a and_o cube_n root_n and_o to_o have_v knowledge_n in_o geometry_n according_a to_o our_o instruction_n in_o the_o second_o part_n whereby_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o take_v height_n depth_n breadth_n and_o length_n and_o to_o draw_v the_o plot_n of_o any_o piece_n of_o ground_n to_o make_v mine_n and_o countermine_n rampart_n basket_n of_o earth_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n use_v in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o well_o offensive_a as_o defensive_a he_o ought_v most_o chief_o upon_o land-service_n to_o be_v well_o skill_v in_o the_o make_n platformer_n with_o defence_n tronier_n gabbion_n loop_n parapet_n of_o earth_n and_o faggot_n of_o 23_o or_o 24_o foot_n high_a two_o foot_n high_a of_o earth_n bed_n upon_o bed_n unto_o eleven_o foot_n high_a and_o after_o three_o foot_n terra_fw-la plene_fw-la to_o raise_v the_o tronnier_n and_o loop_n so_o that_o for_o the_o cannon_n it_o be_v three_o foot_n wide_a in_o the_o barb_n and_o within_o twelve_o foot_n wide_a without_o the_o low_a part_n thereof_o to_o descend_v scarpwise_a the_o better_a to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n avenue_n and_o offend_v they_o more_o free_o for_o avoid_v the_o blast_n and_o smoke_n and_o ruin_n it_o will_v else_o make_v for_o culverin_n two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a within_o and_o nine_o foot_n without_o will_v serve_v and_o for_o less_o piece_n the_o less_o measure_n if_o the_o battery_n be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o gabbions_n they_o be_v fill_v with_o earth_n without_o stone_n moisten_v and_o ram_v 7_o foot_n in_o diameter_n three_o rank_n between_o two_o piece_n if_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v or_o two_o at_o least_o and_o three_o row_v also_o one_o before_o the_o other_o set_v one_o between_o two_o so_o that_o if_o one_o rank_n will_v have_v three_o the_o second_o will_v have_v two_o and_o the_o three_o one_o but_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o make_v a_o safe_a battery_n with_o gabbions_n cannon_n or_o culverin_n proof_n concern_v plat-form_n let_v the_o platform_n for_o a_o cannon_n have_v thirty_o foot_n for_o reverse_v and_o 27_o foot_n for_o a_o demi-canon_n and_o he_o ought_v to_o see_v that_o his_o plat-form_n be_v even_o or_o rise_v one_o foot_n
deduct_v from_o d_o f_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o second_o and_o four_o there_o remain_v h_n f_o your_o divisor_n which_o measure_v i_o admit_v 50_o halberd_n length_n the_o distance_n between_o g_z e_z 30_o halberd_n length_n the_o space_n between_o d_o f_o 100_o halberd_n length_n now_o 100_o multiply_v in_o 30_o produce_v 3000_o which_o divide_v by_o 50_o leave_v in_o the_o quotient_a 60._o i_o conclude_v therefore_o the_o distance_n between_o a_o and_z b_o to_o be_v 60_o pike_n length_n this_o one_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o especial_o that_o whatsoever_o you_o meet_v the_o space_n g_o e_z withal_o that_o you_o use_v the_o same_o in_o measure_v h_n f_o and_o as_o for_o d_o f_o it_o matter_n not_o what_o you_o measure_v it_o withal_o for_o your_o quotient_n shall_v bear_v the_o same_o denomination_n preciseness_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o place_v of_o your_o triangle_n and_o in_o measure_v e_z g_o and_o h_n f_o otherwise_o error_n may_v ensue_v especial_o if_o d_o f_o be_v but_o a_o small_a distance_n and_o the_o angle_n at_o b_o very_o sharp_a there_o need_v in_o this_o matter_n no_o further_o admonition_n small_a practice_n will_v resolve_v all_o doubt_n chap._n ix_o to_o measure_v the_o distance_n between_o any_o two_o fort_n castle_n or_o other_o place_n howsoever_o they_o be_v situate_v though_o there_o be_v river_n or_o such_o like_a impediment_n between_o that_o you_o can_v approach_v nigh_o any_o of_o they_o and_o that_o without_o a_o instrument_n also_o let_v your_o angle_n as_o before_o have_v be_v say_v be_v prepare_v of_o any_o three_o staff_n etc._n etc._n you_o shall_v first_o at_o pleasure_n set_v up_o one_o staff_n and_o apply_v thereunto_o your_o angle_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o one_o contain_v side_n lie_v direct_o to_o one_o of_o the_o mark_n which_o here_o for_o distinction_n sake_n i_o will_v call_v the_o first_o go_v backward_o too_o and_o fro_o until_o you_o find_v your_o second_o mark_n precise_o cover_v with_o your_o staff_n note_v what_o part_n of_o the_o line_n or_o side_n subtend_v the_o angle_n it_o cut_v by_o your_o line_n visual_a and_o there_o make_v a_o fine_a notch_n or_o mark_v upon_o that_o subtend_a staff_n which_o do_v you_o shall_v go_v sidewise_o from_o the_o first_o erect_v staff_n as_o the_o other_o contain_v side_n of_o your_o triangle_n will_v direct_v you_o so_o far_o as_o you_o listen_v and_o then_o set_v up_o your_o second_o staff_n yet_o pass_v on_o from_o thence_o in_o a_o right_a line_n with_o that_o contain_v side_n of_o your_o angle_n that_o rise_v from_o your_o staff_n and_o come_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o mark_n and_o go_v so_o far_o until_o you_o spy_v yourself_o just_o between_o your_o three_o staff_n and_o your_o first_o mark_n there_o set_v up_o your_o four_o staff_n then_o resort_v to_o your_o angle_n again_o and_o stand_v behind_o the_o second_o staff_n note_v whether_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o angle_n to_o that_o notch_n before_o make_v on_o the_o subtendent_fw-la staff_n or_o side_n of_o the_o triangle_n will_v direct_v you_o for_o that_o way_n precise_o shall_v you_o go_v on_o until_o you_o come_v in_o a_o right_a line_n with_o the_o second_o and_o three_o staff_n and_o erect_v there_o the_o five_o staff_n this_o do_v measure_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o second_o and_o three_o staff_n reserve_v that_o for_o a_o divisor_n then_o multiply_v your_o distance_n between_o the_o first_o and_o three_o staff_n by_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o four_o and_o five_o staff_n the_o product_n divide_v by_o your_o reserve_a divisor_n and_o it_o yield_v in_o the_o quotient_a the_o true_a distance_n between_o the_o two_o mark_n example_n let_v a_o b_o be_v the_o distance_n i_o will_v know_v c_o my_o first_o station_n where_o the_o first_o staff_n be_v erect_v i_o my_o triangle_n make_v of_o three_o staff_n and_o place_v at_o the_o station_n and_o direct_v with_o one_o of_o the_o contain_v side_n to_o a_o which_o be_v the_o first_o mark_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n and_o with_o the_o other_o side_n to_o d_o and_z e_z the_o second_o and_o three_o staff_n h_n be_v the_o notch_n or_o mark_v upon_o the_o side_n subtend_v to_o the_o angle_n where_o the_o line_n visual_a from_o ☽_o pass_v too_o the_o second_o mark_n b_o my_o triangle_n now_o i_o situate_a at_o d_o as_o it_o be_v before_o at_o c_o the_o one_o contain_v side_n lie_v even_o with_o the_o erect_a staff_n the_o other_o direct_v to_o my_o four_o staff_n f_o place_v in_o a_o right_a line_n with_o e_o the_o three_o staff_n and_o a_o the_o first_o mark_n again_o my_o line_n visual_a proceed_n from_o d_o to_o h_n the_o notch_n in_o the_o subtended_a side_n of_o the_o angle_n be_v extend_v to_o my_o five_o staff_n g_z situate_v exact_o between_o e_z the_o three_o staff_n and_o b_o the_o other_o mark_n this_o do_v i_o measure_v the_o distance_n between_o my_o second_o and_o three_o staff_n find_v it_o 20_o foot_n likewise_o between_o the_o four_o and_o five_o staff_n and_o find_v it_o 72_o foot_n final_o between_o the_o first_o and_o three_o staff_n 65_o pace_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n before_o give_v multiply_v 65_o by_o 72_o i_o have_v 4680._o which_o divide_v by_o 20_o yield_v in_o the_o quotient_a 234_o and_o so_o many_o pace_n be_v there_o between_o a_o and_o b._n i_o have_v not_o set_v out_o the_o figure_n in_o just_a proportion_n answer_v to_o these_o number_n for_o that_o be_v not_o requisite_a but_o in_o such_o form_n as_o may_v best_o open_v and_o make_v manifest_a the_o situation_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o triangle_n wherein_o consist_v all_o the_o difficulty_n of_o this_o practice_n chap._n x._o how_o you_o may_v ready_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n to_o any_o tower_n castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n by_o help_n of_o the_o former_a quadrant_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v make_v upon_o a_o square_a board_n as_o be_v there_o mark_v a_o d_o b_o q._n let_v d_o b_o be_v divide_v into_o 90_o degree_n or_o equal_a part_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o 12_o equal_a part_n or_o right_a and_o contrary_a shadow_n g_o m_z and_z h_z m_z let_v the_o two_o side_n d_o q_n and_o b_o qui_fw-fr be_v divide_v each_o into_o 1200_o equal_a part_n or_o as_o many_o as_o you_o please_v and_o mark_v from_o the_o centre_n a_o and_o have_v a_o ruler_n or_o index_n to_o be_v move_v round_o upon_o the_o centre_n a_o have_v two_o sight_n upon_o it_o set_v just_a upon_o the_o feducial_a line_n of_o the_o index_n and_o let_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o such_o equal_a part_n as_o the_o lymb_n b_o q_o or_o d_o q._n let_v this_o instrument_n thus_o fit_v be_v handsome_o place_v upon_o its_o staff_n or_o otherwise_o lay_v the_o feducial_a of_o your_o index_n upon_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n and_o turn_v your_o whole_a instrument_n the_o index_n not_o move_v till_o you_o may_v espy_v through_o the_o sight_n your_o mark_n then_o remove_v your_o index_n to_o the_o contrary_a side_n of_o the_o quadrant_n place_v the_o line_n feducial_a on_o the_o side_n line_n where_o the_o degree_n end_n and_o look_v through_o the_o sight_n and_o in_o that_o very_a line_n set_v up_o a_o mark_n a_o certain_a distance_n the_o far_a the_o better_o this_o do_v take_v away_o your_o instrument_n and_o set_v up_o a_o staff_n there_o and_o remove_v the_o instrument_n to_o the_o mark_v you_o espy_v set_v your_o index_n on_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o degree_n move_v your_o whole_a instrument_n till_o you_o find_v through_o the_o sight_n the_o staff_n at_o the_o first_o station_n then_o remove_v your_o index_n your_o quadrant_n keep_v its_o place_n till_o you_o may_v again_o espy_v through_o the_o sight_n your_o mark_n which_o do_v note_v the_o degree_n cut_v by_o the_o line_n feducial_a and_o then_o work_v thus_o upon_o some_o even_o smooth_a superficies_n whether_o it_o be_v board_n plate_n or_o paper_n draw_v first_o a_o straight_a line_n and_o open_v your_o compass_n to_o some_o small_a distance_n call_v that_o space_n a_o score_n and_o make_v so_o many_o such_o division_n upon_o your_o line_n as_o there_o be_v score_n between_o your_o station_n then_o upon_o the_o end_n of_o your_o line_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a and_o fix_v one_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n at_o the_o other_o end_n open_v it_o to_o what_o wideness_n you_o please_v draw_v a_o arch_a rise_n from_o the_o same_o line_n that_o represent_v your_o stationary_a distance_n and_o divide_v it_o into_o 90_o equal_a part_n or_o degree_n as_o you_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o make_v your_o quadrant_n extend_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n cut_v by_o your_o feducial_a line_n a_o right_a line_n until_o it_o concur_v with_o
pitch_n 2_o l._n colophonia_fw-la 6_o l._n sulphur_n 8_o l._n salt-peter_n 36_o l._n melt_v all_o these_o drug_n upon_o burn_a coal_n in_o any_o vessel_n whatsoever_o add_v after_o 10_o l._n of_o coal_n of_o sawdust_n make_v of_o the_o pine_n or_o firr-tree_n 6_o l._n crude_a antimony_n 2_o l._n incorporate_a and_o mix_v they_o very_o well_o together_o then_o put_v into_o this_o melt_a matter_n tow_n hemp_n and_o linen_n clothes_n a_o great_a quantity_n and_o boil_v they_o well_o in_o this_o composition_n and_o when_o they_o have_v drink_v up_o all_o the_o matter_n than_o form_n they_o into_o ball_n of_o such_o a_o bigness_n as_o you_o please_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v cast_v with_o the_o hand_n or_o with_o the_o engine_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n according_a as_o you_o shall_v find_v most_o convenient_a and_o this_o be_v our_o true_a way_n to_o make_v night_n at_o noonday_n to_o obscure_v the_o sun_n itself_o and_o to_o blind_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o some_o time_n and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o lawful_a way_n that_o one_o may_v follow_v because_o it_o show_v its_o original_n from_o natural_a thing_n and_o we_o may_v believe_v that_o it_o be_v always_o sufficient_a justice_n so_o that_o the_o war_n where_o such_o thing_n be_v practise_v be_v not_o unjust_o enterprise_v chap._n xiii_o stink_v ball_n stink_v globe_n be_v make_v to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n by_o their_o stink_a vapour_n and_o fume_n disagreeable_a to_o nature_n nay_o so_o unsufferable_a to_o the_o nose_n and_o to_o the_o brain_n itself_o by_o its_o most_o violent_a stink_n that_o by_o no_o mean_n it_o can_v be_v endure_v the_o preparation_n be_v as_o follow_v take_v of_o powder_n 10_o l._n of_o ship_n pitch_n 6_o l._n of_o tar_n 20_o l._n salt-peter_n 8_o l._n sulphur_n colophonia_fw-la 4_o l._n make_v all_o these_o ingredient_n melt_v at_o the_o fire_n by_o a_o small_a heat_n in_o a_o earthen_a or_o copper_n vessel_n and_o all_o be_v well_o melt_v throw_v into_o the_o melt_a matter_n 2_o l._n of_o coal_n dust_n of_o the_o cut_n or_o file_n of_o horse_n hoof_n 6_o l._n assafoetida_n 3_o l._n sagapenum_fw-la 1_o l._n spatula_fw-la foetida_fw-la half_a a_o pound_n mingle_v and_o incorporate_v they_o well_o together_o then_o put_v into_o this_o matter_n linen_n or_o woolen_n cloth_n or_o hemp_n or_o tow_n so_o much_o as_o will_v drink_v up_o all_o the_o matter_n and_o of_o these_o you_o may_v make_v globe_n or_o ball_n of_o what_o bigness_n please_v yourself_o best_a according_a to_o the_o method_n and_o order_n as_o we_o have_v heretofore_o prescribe_v the_o globe_n or_o ball_n may_v be_v make_v venomous_a or_o poisonous_a if_o to_o their_o composition_n be_v add_v these_o thing_n follow_v viz._n mercury_n sublimate_n arsenic_n orpiment_n cinaber_n to_o which_o may_v also_o be_v add_v many_o other_o poisonous_a matter_n which_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o mention_v consider_v every_o one_o by_o nature_n be_v apt_a enough_o to_o learn_v to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v mischievous_a chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o shoot_a of_o shot_n make_v red_a hot_a in_o the_o fire_n it_o be_v a_o practice_n that_o have_v be_v practise_v in_o former_a time_n to_o shoot_v red_a hot_a fire-ball_n and_o be_v count_v of_o great_a defence_n as_o you_o may_v find_v among_o many_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o work_v of_o diodorus_n siculus_n where_o he_o say_v tyrios_n immisse_a in_o alexandri_fw-la magni_fw-la machinamenta_fw-la massas_fw-la magnas_fw-la ferreas_fw-la candentes_fw-la out_o of_o many_o author_n may_v be_v prove_v the_o customary_a use_n in_o former_a time_n of_o shoot_v red_a hot_a piece_n of_o iron_n which_o we_o shall_v not_o dwell_v upon_o but_o come_v to_o the_o practice_n first_o you_o must_v charge_v the_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n according_a to_o the_o customary_a manner_n his_o due_a proportion_n of_o powder_n upon_o this_o powder_n you_o must_v put_v a_o wooden_a cylender_n or_o fidd_n of_o a_o just_a and_o equal_a wideness_n with_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n which_o must_v be_v drive_v very_o stiff_a home_n to_o the_o powder_n and_o for_o your_o better_a security_n you_o must_v put_v upon_o this_o another_o wad_n make_v of_o straw_n hay_o or_o of_o oakam_n or_o tow_n this_o be_v do_v let_v the_o piece_n be_v lay_v a_o little_a under_o metal_n and_o then_o cleanse_v the_o vacant_a place_n or_o hollow_a of_o the_o piece_n with_o a_o sponge_n so_o that_o all_o the_o grain_n of_o powder_n that_o be_v there_o may_v be_v take_v away_o this_o be_v do_v lay_v your_o piece_n to_o bear_v with_o the_o place_n you_o intend_v to_o shoot_v at_o according_a to_o the_o method_n we_o have_v give_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o gunnery_n and_o let_v your_o piece_n thus_o remain_v until_o you_o have_v put_v in_o your_o red_a hot_a bullet_n your_o bullet_n must_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v exact_o round_a and_o not_o so_o high_a but_o that_o it_o may_v run_v free_o down_o in_o the_o piece_n to_o the_o wad_n the_o shot_n be_v red_a hot_a take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o fire_n with_o a_o pair_n of_o tongue_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o piece_n and_o give_v a_o attentive_a ear_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o shot_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v up_o to_o the_o what_fw-mi give_v immediate_o fire_n to_o your_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n there_o be_v other_o which_o put_v into_o their_o piece_n box_n make_v of_o plate_n of_o iron_n or_o copper_n other_o do_v put_v into_o their_o piece_n potter_n clay_n and_o upon_o they_o the_o fiery_a bullet_n which_o with_o a_o quick_a hand_n they_o thrust_v home_o with_o a_o rammer_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v defend_v from_o fire_n by_o line_v the_o rammer_n head_n with_o copper_n but_o these_o be_v more_o perilous_a and_o therefore_o we_o account_v that_o method_n above_o to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o free_a from_o danger_n chap._n xv._o to_o arm_n pike_n to_o defend_v a_o ship_n or_o any_o other_o place_n to_o arm_n pike_n to_o defend_v a_o ship_n or_o breach_n or_o to_o enter_v the_o same_o or_o to_o stick_v in_o the_o side_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o other_o place_n take_v strong_a canvas_n and_o cut_v it_o in_o length_n about_o a_o foot_n or_o 14_o inch_n and_o six_o inch_n high_a in_o the_o centre_n and_o let_v the_o end_n be_v both_o cut_v taper-wise_a then_o fasten_v the_o canvas_n at_o both_o end_n with_o strong_a twine_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o this_o receipt_n powder_n bruise_v 8_o part_n peter_z in_o roch_n 1_o part_n peter_z in_o meal_n 1_o part_n sulphur_n in_o meal_n two_o part_n resin_n roch_n three_o part_n turpentine_n 1_o part_n verdigrease_n ½_n part_n bolearmonick_a ⅓_n part_n bay_a salt_n ⅓_n part_n colophonia_fw-la ⅙_n part_n arsenic_n ⅛_n part_n mix_v they_o very_o well_o together_o and_o try_v they_o in_o the_o top_n of_o a_o brass_n candlestick_n when_o the_o fire_n do_v burn_v furious_o with_o a_o blue_a and_o greenish_a colour_n then_o fill_v the_o canvas_n and_o roll_n it_o over_o be_v first_o arm_v with_o strong_a twine_n all_o over_o with_o this_o liquid_a mixture_n melt_v in_o a_o pan_n pitch_n four_o part_n linseed_n oil_n 1_o part_n turpentine_n ⅓_n part_n sulphur_n 1_o part_n tarr_n ⅓_n part_n tallow_n one_o part_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o this_o be_v cold_a bear_v two_o hole_n in_o each_o of_o the_o same_o next_o the_o iron_n a_o inch_n deep_a with_o a_o sharp_a iron_n bodkin_n fill_v the_o same_o with_o fine_a bruise_a powder_n and_o put_v in_o every_o hole_n a_o little_a stick_n of_o two_o inch_n long_o which_o be_v to_o be_v take_v out_o when_o you_o will_v fire_v the_o same_o this_o composition_n will_v burn_v furious_o and_o remember_v you_o cut_v off_o the_o staff_n some_o three_o inch_n from_o the_o work_n and_o put_v thereon_o a_o brass_n socket_n of_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n long_o and_o then_o cut_v the_o end_n of_o your_o staff_n to_o fill_v the_o socket_n for_o when_o you_o fire_n your_o work_n you_o may_v stick_v it_o in_o the_o side_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o pull_v the_o staff_n out_o again_o so_o will_v not_o the_o work_n be_v so_o easy_o avoid_v as_o when_o the_o staff_n be_v on_o and_o hang_v at_o length_n because_o the_o very_a weight_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o length_n thereof_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o weigh_v down_o the_o work_n or_o that_o the_o enemy_n may_v come_v and_o thereby_o pull_v it_o out_o or_o beat_v it_o off_o quick_o let_v the_o composition_n and_o work_n contain_v in_o weight_n about_o 7_o pound_n then_o will_v it_o do_v execution_n and_o work_v a_o better_a effect_n than_o if_o it_o be_v of_o less_o weight_n by_o much_o by_o reason_n the_o composition_n else_o will_v be_v waste_v before_o it_o come_v to_o effect_v its_o execution_n to_o burn_v the_o sail_n