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the_o knob_n n_o and_o the_o office_n of_o the_o iron_n screw_n m_o for_o by_o they_o the_o rack_n be_v screw_v even_o under_o the_o iron_n q._n and_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a that_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o block_n slip_v not_o off_o the_o rabbit_n on_o the_o plank_n for_o by_o these_o screw_n and_o the_o rabbit_n and_o groove_n your_o work_n will_v be_v even_o gage_v all_o the_o way_n as_o i_o say_v before_o under_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o iron_n qui_fw-fr and_o keep_v it_o from_o slide_v either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n as_o you_o draw_v it_o through_o the_o engine_n §_o 37._o of_o wainscote_a room_n a_o a_o a_o in_o plate_n 7._o the_o style_n b_o the_o base_a c_o the_o lower_n rail_v d_o the_o sur-base_a e_o e_o the_o middle_a rail_n or_o rail_n f_o the_o friese-rail_a g_o the_o upper-rail_a h_o the_o cornice_n i_o the_o lie_a panel_n k_o the_o large_a panel_n l_o the_o friese_n panel_n in_o wainscote_v of_o room_n there_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o 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be_v general_o use_v in_o all_o alteration_n and_o old_a work_n §_o 5._o of_o the_o draw-knife_n and_o its_o use_n the_o draw-knife_n describe_v plate_n 8._o e._n be_v seldom_o use_v about_o house-building_n but_o for_o the_o make_n of_o some_o sort_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o the_o leg_n of_o cricket_n the_o round_n of_o ladder_n the_o rail_n to_o lay_v cheese_n or_o bacon_n on_o etc._n etc._n when_o they_o use_v it_o they_o set_v one_o end_n of_o their_o work_n against_o their_o breast_n and_o the_o other_o end_n against_o their_o work_n bench_n or_o some_o hollow_a angle_n that_o may_v keep_v it_o from_o slip_v and_o so_o press_v the_o work_n a_o little_a hard_a with_o their_o breast_n against_o the_o bench_n to_o keep_v it_o steady_a in_o its_o position_n they_o with_o the_o handle_v of_o the_o draw-knife_n in_o both_o their_o hand_n enter_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o draw-knife_n into_o the_o work_n and_o draw_v chip_n almost_o the_o length_n of_o their_o work_n and_o so_o smoothen_fw-ge it_o quick_o §_o 6._o of_o hook-pin_n and_o their_o use_n the_o hook-pin_n be_v describe_v plate_n 8._o f._n a_o the_o pin_n b_o the_o hook_n c_o the_o head_n its_o office_n be_v to_o pin_v the_o frame_n of_o a_o floor_n or_o frame_n of_o a_o roof_n together_o whilst_o it_o be_v frame_v or_o whilst_o it_o be_v fit_v into_o its_o position_n they_o have_v many_o of_o these_o hook-pin_n to_o drive_v into_o the_o several_a angle_n of_o the_o frame_n these_o they_o drive_v into_o the_o pin-hole_n through_o the_o mortess_n and_o tenant_n and_o be_v make_v taper_n do_v with_o a_o hammer_n strike_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o knock_v it_o out_o again_o or_o they_o most_o common_o strike_v under_o the_o hook_n and_o so_o knock_v it_o out_o then_o if_o the_o frame_n lie_v in_o its_o place_n they_o pin_n it_o up_o with_o wooden_a pin_n §_o 7._o of_o the_o level_n and_o its_o use_n the_o level_n describe_v plate_n 8._o g._n a_o a_o the_o level_n b_o the_o plumbet_n c_o the_o plumb-line_n d_o d_o the_o perpendicular_a mark_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o board_n the_o level_n be_v from_o two_o to_o ten_o foot_n long_o that_o it_o may_v reach_v over_o a_o considerable_a length_n of_o the_o work_n if_o the_o plumb-line_n hang_v just_a upon_o the_o perpendicular_a d_o d_o when_o the_o level_n be_v set_v flat_o down_o upon_o the_o work_n the_o work_n be_v level_n but_o if_o it_o hang_v on_o either_o side_n the_o perpendicular_a the_o floor_n or_o work_v must_v be_v raise_v on_o that_o side_n till_o the_o plumb-line_n hang_v exact_o upon_o the_o perpendicular_a §_o 8._o of_o the_o plumb-line_n and_o its_o use_n the_o plumb-line_n be_v describe_v plate_n 8._o h._n a_o the_o line_n rowl_n b_o the_o line_n it_o be_v use_v to_o try_v the_o upright_o stand_v of_o post_n or_o other_o work_n that_o be_v to_o stand_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o ground_n plot_n and_o then_o they_o draw_v off_o so_o much_o line_n as_o be_v necessary_a and_o fasten_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o line_n there_o upon_o the_o line_n rowl_n with_o a_o slip-knot_n that_o no_o more_o line_n turn_v off_o they_o hold_v the_o end_n of_o the_o line_n between_o their_o finger_n and_o thumb_n half_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o line_n rowl_n off_o one_o corner_n of_o the_o post_n or_o work_v and_o if_o the_o line_n and_o corner_n of_o the_o post_n be_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o the_o post_n be_v upright_o but_o if_o the_o post_n be_v not_o parallel_v to_o the_o line_n but_o its_o bottom_n stand_v more_o than_o half_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o line_n rowl_n from_o the_o line_n the_o post_n hang_v so_o much_o over_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o post_n on_o that_o side_n the_o line_n bear_v off_o and_o must_v be_v force_v backward_o till_o the_o side_n of_o the_o post_n and_o the_o line_n become_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o but_o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o post_n stand_v out_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o line_n the_o post_n must_v be_v force_v forward_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o line_n §_o 9_o of_o the_o hammer_n and_o its_o use_n the_o hammer_n be_v describe_v plate_n 8._o i._o a_o the_o face_n b_o the_o claw_n c_o c_o the_o pen_n at_o the_o return_n side_n of_o the_o claw_n this_o tool_n be_v forget_v to_o be_v describe_v in_o joynery_n though_o they_o use_v hammer_n too_o and_o therefore_o i_o bring_v it_o in_o here_o it_o be_v chief_a use_n be_v for_o drive_v nail_n into_o work_n and_o draw_v nail_n out_o of_o work_n there_o be_v require_v a_o pretty_a skill_n in_o drive_v a_o nail_n sor_n if_o when_o you_o set_v the_o point_n of_o a_o nail_n you_o be_v not_o curious_a in_o observe_v to_o strike_v the_o flat_a face_n of_o the_o hammer_n perpendiculary_a down_o upon_o the_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o shank_n the_o nail_n unless_o it_o have_v good_a entrance_n will_v start_v aside_o or_o bow_n or_o break_v and_o than_o you_o will_v be_v force_v to_o draw_v it_o out_o again_o with_o the_o claw_n of_o the_o hammer_n therefore_o you_o may_v see_v a_o reason_n when_o you_o buy_v a_o hammer_n to_o choose_v one_o with_o a_o true_a flat_a face_n a_o little_a trick_n be_v sometime_o use_v among_o some_o that_o will_v be_v think_v cunning_a carpenter_n private_o to_o touch_v the_o head_n of_o the_o nail_n with_o a_o little_a earwax_n and_o then_o lie_v a_o wager_n with_o a_o stranger_n to_o the_o trick_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o drive_v that_o nail_n up_o to_o the_o head_n with_o so_o many_o blow_n the_o stranger_n think_v he_o shall_v assure_o win_v but_o do_v assure_o lose_v for_o the_o hammer_n no_o soon_o touch_v the_o head_n of_o the_o nail_n but_o instead_o of_o enter_v the_o wood_n it_o fly_v away_o notwithstanding_o his_o utmost_a care_n in_o strike_v it_o downright_o §_o 10._o of_o the_o commander_n and_o its_o use_n the_o commander_n be_v describe_v plate_n 8._o k._n it_o be_v indeed_o but_o a_o very_a great_a wooden_a mallet_n with_o a_o handle_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o to_o use_v in_o both_o the_o hand_n it_o be_v use_v to_o knock_v on_o the_o corner_n of_o frame_v work_n to_o set_v they_o into_o their_o position_n it_o be_v also_o use_v to_o drive_v small_a wooden_a pile_n into_o the_o ground_n etc._n etc._n or_o where_o great_a engine_n may_v be_v spare_v §_o 11._o of_o the_o crow_n and_o its_o use_n the_o crow_n be_v describe_v in_o plate_n 8._o l._n a_o the_o shank_n bb_v the_o claw_n c_o the_o pike-end_n it_o be_v use_v as_o a_o lever_n to_o to_o sift_v up_o the_o end_n of_o great_a heavy_a timber_n when_o either_o a_o bauk_n or_o a_o rowler_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v under_o it_o and_o then_o they_o thrust_v the_o claw_n between_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o timber_n and_o lay_v a_o bauk_n or_o some_o such_o stuff_n behind_o the_o crow_n they_o draw_v the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o shank_n backward_o and_o so_o raise_v the_o timber_n §_o 12._o of_o the_o drug_n and_o its_o use_n the_o drug_n describe_v plate_n 9_o a._n be_v make_v somewhat_o like_o a_o low_a narrow_a carr._n it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o carriage_n of_o timber_n and_o then_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o handle_n aa_o by_o two_o or_o more_o man_n according_a as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o timber_n may_v require_v there_o be_v also_o some_o engine_n use_v in_o carpentry_n for_o the_o management_n of_o their_o heavy_a timber_n and_o hard_a labour_n viz._n the_o jack_n the_o crab_n to_o which_o belong_v pulley_n and_o tackle_n etc._n etc._n wedge_n ruler_n great_a screw_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o they_o when_o i_o come_v to_o the_o explanation_n of_o term_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o carpentry_n §_o 13._o of_o the_o ten-foot_n rod_n and_o thereby_o to_o measure_v and_o describe_v the_o ground-plot_n we_o shall_v begin_v therefore_o to_o measure_v the_o ground-plot_n to_o which_o carpenter_n use_v a_o ten-foot_n rod_n for_o expedition_n which_o be_v a_o rod_n about_o a_o inch_n square_a and_o ten_o foot_n long_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o equal_a part_n each_o part_n contain_v one_o foot_n even_o as_o the_o two-foot_n rule_v describe_v in_o exercise_n 6._o §_o 13._o be_v divide_v into_o 24_o equal_a part_n and_o their_o sub-division_n with_o this_o rod_n they_o measure_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o ground-plot_n into_o foot_n and_o if_o there_o be_v odd_a inch_n they_o measure_v they_o with_o the_o two-foot_n rule_n their_o measure_n they_o note_v down_o upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n and_o have_v consider_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o side_n east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n they_o draw_v on_o paper_n their_o several_a side_n according_o by_o a_o small_a scale_n either_o elect_v or_o
turnner_n have_v another_o rest_n call_v the_o side-r_a this_o they_o use_v when_o they_o turn_v the_o flat_n side_n of_o board_n because_o the_o flat_a side_n of_o board_n stand_v athwart_o the_o pike_n and_o this_o rest_n stand_v also_o athwart_o the_o pike_n they_o can_v the_o more_o convenient_o rest_v their_o tool_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v mark_v e_o in_o plate_n 13_o and_o be_v in_o the_o plate_n disjunct_n from_o the_o lathe_n as_o well_o because_o it_o and_o the_o common_a rest_n can_v both_o together_o be_v express_v in_o picture_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v make_v to_o take_v off_o and_o put_v on_o as_o occasion_n require_v the_o rest_n be_v mark_v a_o and_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o oaken_a plank_n or_o elm_n plank_n about_o two_o inch_n thick_a and_o stand_v so_o high_a above_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n as_o the_o point_n of_o the_o pike_n do_v or_o sometime_o a_o little_a high_o its_o breadth_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o work_n require_v or_o the_o workman_n fancy_n the_o bottom_n of_o it_o be_v firm_o nail_v to_o one_o side_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o oak_n or_o elm_n of_o about_o three_o inch_n square_a and_o two_o foot_n or_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_a close_o to_o one_o end_n as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o figure_n at_o b_o so_o as_o the_o rest_n stand_v upright_o to_o the_o piece_n of_o quartet_n this_o piece_n of_o quarter_n be_v as_o a_o tenant_n to_o slide_v into_o a_o square_a iron_n collar_n mark_v e_fw-la this_o square_a iron_n collar_n be_v make_v so_o long_o as_o to_o reach_v through_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n and_o to_o receive_v the_o quarter_n or_o tenant_n thrust_v through_o it_o above_o the_o cheek_n and_o a_o wedge_n under_o the_o cheek_n mark_v d_o which_o wedge_n when_o stiff_o knock_v up_o draw_v the_o tenant_n strong_a and_o firm_o down_o to_o the_o cheek_n and_o consequent_o keep_v the_o side-rest_n steady_a on_o any_o part_n of_o the_o cheek_n according_a as_o you_o slide_v the_o collar_n forward_o or_o backward_o towards_o either_o pike_n or_o as_o you_o thrust_v the_o rest_n near_o or_o far_a too_o and_o from_o the_o pike_n some_o turner_n for_o some_o work_n instead_o of_o a_o plank_n for_o this_o rest_n fasten_v to_o one_o end_n of_o the_o quarter_n or_o tenant_n a_o long_a iron_n with_o a_o round_a cilindrick_n socket_n in_o it_o as_o at_o the_o figure_n mark_v f_o in_o plate_n 13_o a_o be_v the_o socket_n of_o about_o a_o inch_n or_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a diameter_n to_o reach_v within_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n as_o high_a as_o the_o pike_n and_o into_o this_o socket_n they_o put_v a_o long_a round_a iron_n shank_n as_o in_o figure_n g_o of_o the_o same_o plate_n a_o be_v the_o shank_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o this_o shank_n be_v make_v the_o rest_n mark_v b._n this_o shank_n i_o say_v slip_v easy_o into_o the_o socket_n that_o it_o may_v be_v raise_v or_o let_v down_o as_o occasion_n require_v and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o screw_n through_o the_o socket_n at_o e_o may_v be_v fasten_v at_o that_o length_n the_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o round_a shank_n may_v be_v also_o turn_v with_o its_o upper_a edge_n more_o or_o less_o oblique_a or_o athwart_o the_o work_n or_o else_o parallel_v to_o the_o work_n according_a as_o the_o purpose_n may_v require_v near_o one_o end_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v fit_v and_o fasten_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n about_o a_o inch_n square_a and_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n long_o this_o piece_n of_o wood_n be_v fit_v stiff_o into_o a_o square_a hole_n or_o mortess_n make_v in_o the_o puppet_n a_o little_a above_o the_o shoulder_n for_o the_o rest_n to_o set_v the_o rest_n to_o any_o distance_n from_o the_o pike_n which_o with_o the_o end_n of_o wooden_a screw_n enter_v into_o wooden_a nut_n on_o the_o further_a side_n of_o the_o puppet_n and_o come_v through_o against_o the_o rest_n keep_v the_o rest_n from_o be_v thrust_v near_o to_o the_o work_n when_o the_o workman_n be_v work_v ¶_o 8._o of_o the_o treddle_n and_o cross-treddle_a about_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o end_n be_v place_v a_o wooden_a treddle_v about_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a a_o inch_n thick_a and_o three_o foot_n long_o and_o sometime_o three_o and_o a_o half_a to_o four_o foot_n long_o the_o hinder_a end_n of_o it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o floor_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o leather_n sometime_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o upper-leather_n of_o a_o old_a shoe_n which_o piece_n of_o leather_n be_v nail_v to_o the_o under-side_n of_o the_o hinder_a end_n of_o the_o treddle_v so_o as_o to_o leave_v leather_n enough_o beyond_o the_o end_n of_o the_o treddle_v to_o nail_v down_o upon_o the_o floor_n which_o treddle_v be_v thus_o nail_v down_o will_v move_v upward_o as_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o pole_n draw_v up_o the_o string_n the_o string_n be_v also_o fasten_v to_o the_o fore-end_n of_o the_o treddle_n the_o hinder_a end_n of_o the_o treddle_n be_v nail_v down_o about_o a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a behind_o the_o lathe_n and_o about_o the_o middle_n between_o both_o the_o leg_n so_o that_o the_o fore-end_n of_o the_o treddle_v reach_n beyond_o the_o fore-side_n of_o the_o lathe_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a or_o two_o foot_n and_o note_v that_o the_o far_o the_o fore-end_n of_o the_o treddle_v reach_n out_o beyond_o the_o fore-side_n of_o the_o lathe_n the_o great_a will_v the_o sweep_v of_o the_o fore-end_n of_o the_o treddle_v be_v and_o consequent_o it_o will_v draw_v the_o more_o string_n down_o and_o the_o more_o string_n come_v down_o at_o one_o tread_v the_o more_o revolution_n of_o the_o work_n be_v make_v at_o one_o tread_v and_o therefore_o it_o make_v the_o great_a riddance_n of_o the_o work_n but_o then_o again_o if_o the_o fore-end_n of_o the_o treddle_v reach_v too_o far_o before_o the_o fore-side_n of_o the_o lathe_n it_o may_v draw_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pole_n so_o low_a as_o to_o break_v it_o 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on_o the_o plate_n if_o not_o you_o must_v alter_v your_o course_n till_o they_o do_v but_o you_o must_v take_v great_a care_n in_o cut_v the_o ward_n down_o straight_o and_o square_a to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bit_n for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o cut_v down_o straight_o the_o ward_n on_o the_o plate_n will_v not_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o ward_n in_o the_o bit_n of_o the_o key_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o square_a to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bit_n the_o bit_n will_v not_o only_o be_v weak_a than_o it_o need_v be_v but_o it_o will_v show_v unhansome_o and_o like_o a_o botch_n to_o the_o eye_n the_o cross_n and_o hookwards_o be_v make_v or_o at_o least_o enter_v at_o the_o forge_n when_o the_o iron_n have_v a_o blood_n or_o almost_o a_o flame_n heat_v yet_o sometime_o smith_n do_v it_o on_o cold_a iron_n with_o a_o thin_a chissel_n as_o you_o be_v teach_v numb_a i._o fol._n 11_o 12._o but_o you_o must_v take_v care_n that_o your_o chissel_n be_v neither_o too_o thick_a or_o too_o broad_a for_o this_o punch_a of_o ward_n be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o thin_a file_n entrance_n to_o the_o work_n which_o entrance_n when_o you_o have_v you_o may_v easy_o file_v your_o cross_n or_o hookward_n wide_a or_o deep_o as_o your_o work_n may_v require_v but_o if_o your_o chissel_n be_v too_o broad_a or_o too_o thick_a it_o will_v make_v the_o ward_n in_o the_o bit_n too_o long_o or_o too_o wide_a and_o then_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o bit_n of_o your_o key_n will_v prove_v weak_a than_o it_o need_v to_o be_v have_v make_v the_o ward_n on_o the_o plate_n and_o in_o the_o bit_n of_o the_o key_n you_o must_v forge_n the_o bolt_n of_o a_o considerable_a substance_n thick_a and_o square_a at_o the_o end_n that_o shoot_v into_o the_o staple_n in_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o door_n that_o it_o may_v be_v strong_a enough_o to_o guard_v the_o whole_a door_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bolt_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o two_o staple_n on_o the_o main-plate_n may_v be_v make_v very_o thin_a inward_o that_o be_v the_o side_n that_o lie_v towards_o the_o main-plate_n which_o because_o it_o can_v be_v see_v when_o the_o bolt_n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o plate_n i_o have_v make_v a_o figure_n of_o it_o and_o turn_v the_o inside_n to_o view_v as_o in_o fig._n 4._o where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o end_n a_o have_v a_o considerable_a substance_n of_o iron_n to_o guard_v the_o whole_a door_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o b_o be_v a_o square_a stud_n which_o do_v as_o well_o keep_v the_o outside_n flat_a of_o the_o bolt_n on_o the_o range_v as_o serve_v for_o a_o stud_n for_o the_o spring_n h_n in_o fig._n 2._o to_o press_v hard_o against_o and_o shoot_v the_o bolt_n forward_o this_o bolt_n must_v be_v wrought_v straight_o on_o all_o its_o side_n except_o the_o topside_o which_o must_v be_v wrought_v straight_o only_o as_o far_o as_o the_o shoulder_n g_o called_z the_o toe_n or_o nab_n of_o the_o bolt_n which_o rise_v as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o figure_n considerable_o high_a above_o the_o straight_a on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bolt_n the_o office_n of_o this_o nab_n be_v to_o receive_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bit_n of_o the_o key_n when_o in_o turn_v it_o about_o it_o shoot_v the_o bolt_n backward_o or_o forward_o have_v forge_v and_o file_v the_o bolt_n you_o must_v fit_v the_o hollow_a side_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o main-plate_n at_o that_o distance_n from_o the_o keyhole_n that_o when_o the_o key_n be_v put_v into_o the_o keyhole_n and_o turn_v towards_o the_o bolt_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bit_n may_v fall_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o nab_n and_o shoot_v the_o bolt_n back_o so_o much_o as_o it_o need_v enter_v the_o staple_n in_o the_o door-frame_n and_o have_v find_v this_o true_a place_n for_o the_o bolt_n you_o must_v with_o square_a staple_n just_a fit_a to_o contain_v the_o bolt_n with_o a_o easy_a play_n fasten_v these_o staple_n by_o rivet_a they_o with_o the_o bolt_n within_o they_o one_o near_z the_o bolt_z end_n the_o other_o near_o the_o nab_n end_n as_o at_o ll_o to_o the_o main-plate_n the_o punch_n a_o pretty_a wide_a hole_n in_o the_o main-plate_n as_o at_o k_o to_o receive_v a_o strong_a pin_n and_o file_v a_o shoulder_v to_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o pin_n that_o go_v into_o the_o plate_n this_o pin_n be_v call_v the_o pin_n of_o the_o tumbler_n the_o tumbler_n be_v mark_v i_o which_o be_v a_o long_a piece_n of_o iron_n with_o a_o round_a hole_n at_o the_o top_n to_o fit_v the_o pin_n of_o the_o tumbler_n into_o that_o it_o may_v move_v upon_o it_o as_o on_o a_o joint_n and_o it_o have_v a_o hook_n return_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o breech_n of_o the_o bolt_n and_o by_o the_o spring_n h_n force_v the_o bolt_n forward_o when_o it_o be_v shoot_v back_o with_o the_o key_n this_o spring_n be_v make_v of_o steel_n and_o afterward_o temper_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o in_o proper_a place_n it_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o main-plate_n by_o two_o small_a shanks_n proceed_v from_o that_o edge_n of_o the_o spring_n that_o lie_v against_o the_o main-plate_n as_o at_o oh_o these_o shanks_n be_v to_o be_v rivet_v as_o you_o be_v teach_v even_o now_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o main-plate_n all_o thing_n be_v thus_o fit_v punch_v a_o hole_n on_o each_o corner_n of_o the_o main-plate_n for_o nail_n to_o enter_v that_o must_v nail_v the_o lock_n to_o the_o door_n or_o if_o you_o intend_v to_o screw_n your_o lock_n on_o the_o door_n you_o must_v make_v wide_a hole_n big_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o screw_n last_o of_o all_o river_n down_o your_o cover-plate_n to_o the_o main-plate_n and_o file_v your_o key_n and_o polish_v it_o too_o if_o you_o will_v so_o shall_v the_o lock_n and_o key_n be_v finish_v a_o a_o prick-punch_a be_v a_o piece_n of_o temper_a steel_n with_o a_o round_a point_n at_o one_o end_n to_o prick_v a_o round_a mark_n in_o cold_a iron_n b_o hammer-hard_a be_v when_o you_o harden_v iron_n or_o steel_n with_o much_o hammer_v on_o it_o the_o make_n of_o screw_n and_o nut_n the_o shank_n of_o the_o screw_v for_o door_n and_o many_o other_o purpose_n must_v be_v forge_v square_a near_o the_o head_n because_o it_o must_v be_v let_v into_o a_o square_a hole_n that_o it_o may_v not_o twist_v about_o when_o the_o nut_n be_v turn_v about_o hard_a upon_o the_o screw-pin_n therefore_o take_v a_o square_a bar_n or_o rod_n of_o iron_n as_o near_o the_o size_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o screw-pin_n as_o you_o can_v and_o take_v a_o flame-heat_n of_o it_o lay_v so_o much_o of_o this_o bar_n as_o you_o intend_v for_o the_o length_n of_o the_o shank_n with_o one_o square_a side_n flat_a upon_o the_o hither_o side_n of_o the_o anvil_n and_o hammer_v it_o down_o to_o your_o intend_a thickness_n but_o have_v a_o care_v you_o do_v not_o strike_v your_o iron_n on_o this_o side_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o anvil_n lest_o you_o cut_v the_o iron_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o numb_a i._o fol._n 11._o thus_o at_o once_o you_o will_v have_v two_o side_n of_o your_o shank_n forge_v the_o under-side_n make_v by_o the_o anvil_n and_o the_o upper-side_n beat_v flat_a with_o the_o hammer_n the_o head_n will_v be_v in_o the_o main_a rod_n of_o iron_n then_o if_o your_o iron_n grow_v cold_a give_v it_o another_o heat_n and_o lay_v one_o of_o the_o unwrought_a side_n upon_o the_o hither-side_n of_o the_o anvil_n just_a to_o the_o head_n and_o hammer_n that_o down_o as_o before_z so_o shall_v the_o two_o other_o square_a side_n be_v make_v then_o hammer_v down_o the_o corner_n of_o so_o much_o of_o this_o shank_n as_o you_o intend_v for_o the_o screw-pin_n and_o round_o it_o as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v with_o the_o hammer_n set_v then_o the_o chissel_n to_o the_o thickness_n you_o intend_v the_o head_n shall_v have_v and_o strike_v it_o about_o half_a through_o then_o turn_v the_o side_n successive_o and_o cut_v each_o side_n also_o half_a through_o till_o it_o be_v quite_o cut_v off_o if_o the_o shoulder_n be_v not_o square_a enough_o hold_v it_o in_o your_o square-nosed_a tongue_n and_o take_v another_o heat_n and_o with_o speed_n lest_o your_o work_n cool_v screw_v the_o shank_n into_o the_o vice_n so_o as_o the_o shoulder_n may_v fall_v flat_a upon_o the_o chap_n of_o the_o vice_n then_o hammer_n upon_o the_o head_n and_o square_v the_o shoulder_n on_o two_o side_n do_v the_o like_a for_o square_n the_o other_o two_o side_n this_o be_v in_o part_n teach_v you_o before_o in_o numb_a i._o fol._n 11._o but_o because_o the_o cut_v this_o iron_n rod_n
or_o bar_n just_a above_o the_o shoulder_n make_v the_o head_n and_o for_o that_o i_o do_v not_o mention_v it_o there_o i_o think_v fit_a since_o the_o purpose_n require_v it_o to_o do_v it_o here_o the_o forge_v of_o the_o nut_n be_v teach_v before_o numb_a i._n fol._n 11_o 12._o have_v forge_v and_o file_v your_o shank_n square_a and_o the_o head_n either_o square_a or_o round_o as_o you_o intend_v it_o shall_v be_v file_v also_o the_o screw-pin_n from_o the_o rise_n and_o dent_n leave_v at_o the_o forge_n and_o file_v it_o a_o little_a taper_v towards_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v enter_v the_o screw-plate_n the_o rule_n how_o much_o it_o must_v be_v taper_v be_v this_o consider_v how_o deep_o the_o inner_a grooves_n of_o the_o screw-plate_n lie_v in_o the_o outer_a thread_n and_o file_v the_o end_n of_o the_o screw-pin_n so_o much_o small_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o screw-pin_n for_o the_o outer_a thread_n of_o the_o screw-plate_n must_v make_v the_o grooves_n on_o the_o screw-pin_n and_o the_o grooves_n in_o the_o screw-plate_n will_v make_v the_o thread_n on_o the_o screw-pin_n have_v fit_v yourself_o with_o a_o hole_n in_o your_o screw-plate_n that_o be_v such_o a_o hole_n who_o diameter_n of_o the_o hollow_a grooves_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o screw-pin_n but_o not_o such_o a_o hole_n who_o diameter_n of_o the_o outer_a thread_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o screw-pin_n for_o then_o the_o screw-plate_n will_v indeed_o turn_v about_o the_o screw-pin_n but_o not_o cut_v any_o grooves_n or_o thread_n in_o it_o screw_v the_o shank_n with_o the_o head_n downward_o in_o the_o vice_n so_o as_o that_o the_o screw-pin_n may_v stand_v direct_o upright_o and_o take_v the_o handle_n of_o the_o screw-plate_n in_o your_o right-hand_n and_o lay_v that_o hole_n flat_a upon_o the_o screw-pin_n and_o press_v it_o pretty_a hard_o down_o over_o it_o and_o turn_v the_o screw-plate_n even_o about_o with_o its_o handle_n towards_o you_o from_o the_o right_n towards_o the_o lefthand_n so_o shall_v the_o outer_a thread_n of_o the_o srew-plate_n cut_v grooves_n into_o the_o screw-pin_n and_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o iron_n on_o the_o screw-pin_n will_v fill_v up_o the_o grooves_n of_o the_o screw-plate_n and_o be_v a_o thread_n upon_o the_o screw-pin_n but_o take_v this_o for_o caution_n that_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o you_o must_v not_o make_v your_o screw-pin_n too_o small_a because_o the_o screw-plate_n will_v not_o then_o cut_v it_o so_o if_o you_o make_v it_o too_o big_a if_o it_o do_v enter_v the_o screw-plate_n where_o it_o be_v taper_n it_o will_v endanger_v the_o break_n it_o or_o if_o it_o do_v not_o break_v it_o yet_o the_o screw-plate_n will_v after_o it_o get_v a_o little_a below_o the_o taper_a go_v no_o far_o but_o work_n and_o wear_v off_o the_o thread_n again_o it_o make_v about_o the_o taper_a to_o fit_v the_o pin_n therefore_o to_o a_o true_a size_n i_o in_o my_o practice_n use_v to_o try_v into_o what_o hole_n of_o the_o screw-plate_n the_o tap_n or_o place_n of_o the_o tap_n if_o it_o be_v a_o taper_a tap_n i_o make_v the_o nut_n with_o will_v just_o slide_v through_o thread_n and_o all_o which_o general_o in_o most_o screw-plate_n be_v the_o hole_n next_o above_o that_o to_o be_v use_v for_o then_o turn_v my_o pin_n about_o in_o that_o hole_n if_o the_o pin_n be_v irregular_o file_v or_o but_o a_o little_a too_o big_a on_o any_o part_n of_o it_o the_o thread_n of_o that_o hole_n will_v cut_v small_a mark_n upon_o the_o pin_n on_o the_o irregular_a place_n or_o where_o it_o be_v too_o big_a so_o that_o afterward_o file_v those_o mark_n just_o off_o i_o do_v at_o once_o file_v my_o pin_n true_o round_a and_o small_a enough_o to_o fit_v the_o hole_n i_o make_v my_o screw-pin_n with_o as_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o screw-plate_n must_v be_v fit_v to_o the_o screw-pin_n so_o must_v the_o screw-tap_n that_o make_v the_o screw_n in_o the_o nut_n be_v fit_v to_o the_o round_a hole_n of_o the_o nut_n but_o that_o tap_n must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o size_n of_o your_o screw-pin_n too_o which_o you_o may_v try_v by_o the_o same_o hole_n of_o the_o screw-plate_n you_o make_v the_o screw-pin_n with_o screw_v the_o nut_n in_o the_o vice_n direct_o flat_a that_o the_o hole_n may_v stand_v upright_o and_o put_v the_o screw-tap_n upright_o into_o the_o hole_n then_o if_o your_o screw-tap_n have_v a_o handle_n turn_v it_o by_o the_o handle_n hard_o round_o in_o the_o hole_n so_o will_v the_o screw-tap_n work_v itself_o into_o the_o hole_n and_o make_v grooves_n in_o it_o to_o fit_v the_o thread_n of_o the_o screw-pin_n but_o if_o the_o screw-tap_n have_v no_o handle_n than_o it_o have_v its_o upper_a end_n file_v to_o a_o long_a square_n to_o fit_v into_o a_o hollow_a square_n make_v near_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o screw-plate_n put_v that_o long_o square_a hole_n over_o the_o long_a square_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tap_n and_o then_o by_o 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perhaps_o not_o be_v so_o exact_o round_a or_o punch_v so_o true_o upright_a or_o perfect_o smooth_a as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o shall_v you_o make_v the_o hole_n so_o wide_o at_o first_o as_o they_o need_v to_o be_v you_o can_v not_o mend_v they_o without_o make_v they_o wide_o these_o hole_n must_v be_v punch_v at_o the_o fire_n or_o forge_n as_o smith_n say_v when_o they_o take_v a_o heat_n of_o their_o work_n to_o punch_v it_o because_o the_o fore_n and_o backsides_n be_v too_o strong_a as_o smith_n say_v that_o be_v too_o thick_a to_o punch_v with_o the_o cold_a punch_n the_o way_n of_o punch_a they_o you_o be_v teach_v numb_a i._o fol._n 11_o 12._o beside_o a_o cold_a punch_n be_v common_o make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o prick_v a_o hole_n but_o cut_v a_o hole_n if_o the_o iron_n be_v not_o too_o strong_a for_o that_o flat_a bottom_n and_o the_o round_a upright_a side_n about_o it_o meet_v in_o a_o angle_n or_o edge_n at_o the_o bottom_n 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the_o shank_n of_o the_o worm-loop_n then_o forge_n and_o fit_v in_o your_o main-wheel_n spindle_n and_o your_o worm-wheel_n spindle_n which_o spindle_n must_v both_o be_v exact_o straight_a between_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o two_o end_n unless_o you_o like_v to_o have_v molding_n for_o ornament_n on_o they_o and_o forge_v a_o square_a towards_o the_o end_n of_o both_o the_o spindle_n to_o fit_v into_o a_o square_a hole_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cross_n of_o their_o wheel_n and_o leave_v substance_n enough_o for_o a_o shoulder_n beyond_o the_o square_n to_o stop_v the_o square_a hole_n in_o the_o cross_n of_o the_o wheel_n from_o slide_v far_o on_o the_o spindle_n and_o you_o must_v leave_v substance_n of_o iron_n enough_o to_o forge_v the_o nut_n of_o the_o worm-wheel_n near_o the_o other_o end_n but_o in_o this_o and_o indeed_o in_o all_o other_o forge_v remember_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o numb_a i._o fol._n 9_o that_o it_o behoove_v you_o to_o hammer_n or_o forge_v your_o work_n as_o true_a as_o you_o can_v lest_o it_o cost_v you_o great_a pain_n at_o the_o vice_n then_o forge_v the_o worm-spindle_n which_o be_v all_o the_o way_n round_o and_o straight_o unless_o you_o will_v have_v molding_n for_o ornament_n as_o aforesaid_a upon_o the_o shank_n of_o it_o but_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o forge_v substance_n enough_o for_o the_o worm_n to_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o it_o the_o main_a and_o worm-wheel_n be_v forge_v round_o and_o flat_a the_o manner_n of_o forge_v these_o wheel_n which_o in_o smith_n language_n be_v turn_v up_o the_o wheel_n be_v first_o to_o draw_v out_o a_o square_a rod_n as_o you_o be_v teach_v numb_a i._o fol._n 9_o among_o the_o several_a heat_n of_o iron_n somewhat_o thick_a than_o you_o intend_v your_o wheel_n shall_v be_v but_o it_o must_v be_v almost_o as_o thin_a on_o one_o side_n as_o you_o intend_v the_o inner_a edge_n of_o the_o wheel_n shall_v be_v and_o the_o opposite_a to_o it_o above_o twice_o that_o thickness_n for_o 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and_o backsides_n the_o way_n smith_n use_v to_o try_v they_o by_o be_v to_o turn_v they_o about_o by_o the_o spindle_n and_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o chalk_n steady_a to_o the_o outer_a limb_n of_o the_o wheel_n not_o let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o chalk_n slip_v forward_o or_o backward_o or_o towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n for_o than_o if_o the_o chalk_n make_v a_o white_a stroke_n round_o the_o whole_a wheel_n and_o that_o white_a stroke_n lie_v exact_o parallel_v to_o the_o two_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o wheel_n the_o wheel_n be_v not_o only_o round_a but_o stand_v also_o true_a upon_o its_o spindle_n that_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o spindle_n and_o the_o spindle_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o flat_a of_o it_o but_o if_o the_o chalk_n do_v not_o touch_v round_o the_o whole_a wheel_n you_o must_v file_v down_o so_o much_o of_o the_o outer_a verge_n of_o the_o wheel_n where_o the_o chalk_n do_v touch_v as_o will_v bring_v down_o or_o equalise_v the_o diameter_n of_o 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the_o main-spindle_n from_o which_o proceed_v a_o tongue_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o pretty_a wide_a hole_n at_o c_o in_o the_o tumler_n as_o far_o as_o e_z d_o the_o catch_z of_o the_o tumbler_n the_o tumbler_n move_v as_o aforesaid_a upon_o the_o centre_n hole_n a_o but_o receive_v the_o tongue_n through_o it_o at_o c_o and_o pass_v as_o far_o ase._n this_o tongue_n serve_v as_o a_o check_n to_o the_o tumbler_n that_o it_o can_v tumble_v above_o a_o angle_n of_o 20_o degree_n from_o the_o iron_n plate_n it_o be_v fasten_v to_o and_o that_o the_o width_n of_o its_o center-hole_n and_o the_o width_n of_o the_o hole_n the_o tongue_n pass_v through_o and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o choler_n about_o the_o main-spindle_n allow_v it_o but_o be_v the_o centre_n hole_n a_o and_o its_o center-pin_n fit_a and_o the_o hole_n c_o and_o the_o tongue_n that_o also_o pass_v through_o it_o also_o fit_a and_o the_o choler_n fix_v it_o can_v not_o move_v at_o all_o but_o this_o play_n be_v enough_o for_o it_o to_o do_v the_o purpose_n it_o be_v design_v for_o the_o tumbler_n be_v so_o place_v behind_o the_o barrel_n that_o while_o the_o jack-line_n be_v wind_v up_o upon_o the_o barrel_n its_o round_a britch_n pass_v forward_o by_o all_o the_o cross_n of_o the_o main-wheel_n and_o the_o point_n or_o catch_v d_o as_o then_o clap_v itself_o snug_a or_o close_a to_o the_o iron_n plate_n of_o the_o barrel_n but_o when_o the_o barrel_n be_v turn_v on_o the_o contrary_a way_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o catch_n in_o half_a a_o revolution_n of_o the_o barrel_n let_v the_o tumbler_n be_v posit_v where_o it_o will_v make_v it_o open_a and_o fall_v from_o the_o iron_n plate_n and_o but_o against_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o cross_n on_o the_o main-wheel_n and_o so_o thrust_v the_o main-wheel_n about_o with_o the_o barrel_n the_o eye_n of_o the_o winch_n or_o winder_n be_v forge_v as_o you_o be_v teach_v to_o forge_v the_o pin-hole_n in_o the_o cross-garnet_a numb_a ii_o fol._n 18._o but_o that_o be_v to_o be_v a_o small_a round_a hole_n and_o therefore_o you_o be_v direct_o to_o lay_v a_o small_a round_a piece_n of_o iron_n or_o wyre_n where_o you_o intend_v the_o pin-hole_n shall_v be_v and_o lap_v the_o other_o end_n of_o your_o work_n over_o it_o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v a_o wide_a square_a hole_n therefore_o you_o must_v lay_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o iron_n of_o your_o size_n where_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o jack-winch_n shall_v be_v and_o lap_n or_o double_v the_o other_o end_n over_o it_o and_o weld_n and_o work_n as_o you_o be_v there_o direct_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o winch_n be_v but_o common_a forge_v and_o file_v work_n which_o have_v be_v sufficient_o teach_v already_o the_o wood-work_n belong_v to_o a_o jack_n be_v a_o barrel_n a_o spit-wheel_n and_o a_o handle_n of_o the_o winch_n which_o be_v turner_n work_n i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o to_o till_o i_o come_v to_o the_o art_n of_o turn_v only_o those_o wheel_n that_o have_v more_o than_o one_o groove_n in_o they_o be_v call_v two_o three_o etc._n etc._n struck-wheel_n in_o workmen_n corrupt_a language_n but_o i_o suppose_v original_o two_o stroke_n three_o stroak-wheel_n etc._n etc._n from_o the_o number_n of_o grooves_n that_o be_v in_o they_o the_o excellency_n of_o a_o good_a jack_n be_v 1._o that_o the_o jack-frame_n be_v forge_v and_o file_a square_n and_o convenient_o strong_a well_o set_v together_o and_o will_v screw_v close_a and_o tight_o up_o 2._o that_o the_o wheel_n be_v perpendicular_o and_o strong_o fix_v on_o the_o square_n of_o the_o spindle_n 3._o that_o the_o tooth_n be_v even_o cut_v and_o well_o smooth_v and_o that_o the_o tooth_n of_o the_o worm-wheel_n fall_v even_o into_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o worm_n 4._o that_o the_o spindle_n pin_n shake_v not_o between_o the_o fore_n and_o backsides_n nor_o be_v too_o big_a or_o too_o little_a for_o their_o center-hole_n a_o the_o square-bore_a be_v a_o square_a steel_n point_n or_o shank_n well_o temper_v fit_v into_o a_o square_a socket_n in_o a_o iron_n wimble_n it_o be_v describe_v fig._n 3._o it_o be_v use_n be_v to_o open_v a_o hole_n and_o make_v it_o true_o round_a and_o smooth_a within_o when_o you_o use_v it_o you_o must_v set_v the_o head_n against_o your_o breast_n and_o put_v the_o point_n of_o the_o square-bore_a into_o the_o hole_n you_o punch_v or_o will_v open_v and_o turn_v the_o handle_n about_o you_o with_o it_o turn_v about_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o square-bare_a who_o edge_n cut_v away_o the_o irregularity_n of_o the_o iron_n make_v in_o the_o punch_a but_o you_o must_v thrust_v or_o lean_a hard_a with_o your_o breast_n against_o the_o head_n of_o the_o
square-bore_a that_o it_o may_v cut_v the_o fast_o and_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o guide_v the_o square-bore_a true_o straight_o forward_o in_o the_o hole_n lest_o the_o hole_n be_v wrought_v aslope_o in_o the_o iron_n b_o to_o open_v a_o hole_n be_v in_o smith_n language_n to_o make_v the_o hole_n wide_o c_o a_o dufftail_n be_v a_o figure_n make_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o doves-tail_n and_o be_v use_v by_o many_o other_o handicraft_n as_o well_o as_o by_o smith_n but_o most_o especial_o by_o joiner_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v when_o i_o come_v to_o joynery_n d_o a_o jack-file_n be_v a_o broad_a file_n somewhat_o thin_a on_o both_o edge_n and_o strong_a in_o the_o middle_n the_o manner_n of_o make_v mould_v to_o cast_v leaden_a bullet_n in_o i_o insert_v the_o make_n of_o bullet-mold_n because_o there_o be_v some_o sort_n of_o work_n in_o they_o different_a from_o what_o have_v yet_o be_v teach_v the_o handle_n and_o the_o head_n be_v forge_v as_o other_o work_n but_o the_o two_o 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margin_n of_o the_o style_n viz._n one_o breadth_n above_o the_o sur-base_a and_o the_o other_o below_o the_o sur-base_a and_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a rail_n have_v also_o each_o the_o same_o breadth_n with_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o style_n those_o molding_n above_o the_o prickt-line_n on_o the_o top_n as_o h_n be_v call_v the_o cornice_n sometime_o and_o especial_o in_o low_a room_n there_o be_v no_o base_a or_o sur-base_a use_v and_o then_o the_o middle_a and_o lower_n rail_v need_v not_o be_v so_o broad_a for_o the_o middle_a rail_n need_v not_o be_v above_o a_o three_o part_n more_o than_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o rail_n and_o the_o lower-rail_a you_o may_v make_v of_o what_o breadth_n you_o see_v convenient_a they_o be_v common_o about_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o four_o inch_n broad_a yet_o this_o be_v no_o rule_n for_o sometime_o workman_n make_v only_o a_o flat_a plinth_n serve_v you_o may_v if_o you_o will_v adorn_v the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o style_n and_o rail_n with_o a_o small_a mould_v and_o you_o may_v if_o you_o will_v bevil_n away_o the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o leave_v a_o table_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o panel_n a_o explanation_n of_o term_n use_v among_o joiner_n when_o i_o first_o begin_v to_o print_v these_o exercise_n i_o mark_v some_o term_n in_o joinery_n with_o superior_a letter_n as_o printer_n call_v they_o thus_o a_o b_o c_o etc._n etc._n intend_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o these_o exercise_n to_o have_v explain_v the_o term_n those_o letter_n refer_v to_o but_o upon_o consideration_n that_o those_o term_n may_v often_o be_v use_v in_o this_o discourse_n when_o the_o superior_a letter_n be_v out_o of_o sight_n and_o perhaps_o its_o position_n where_o forget_v i_o have_v change_v my_o mind_n and_o leave_v out_o the_o superior_a letter_n beyond_o fol._n 66._o and_o instead_o of_o those_o reference_n give_v you_o this_o alphabetical_a table_n of_o term_n by_o which_o you_o may_v always_o more_o ready_o find_v the_o explanation_n though_o you_o often_o meet_v with_o the_o term._n a._n architrave_n see_v plate_n 6._o l._n be_v the_o architrave_n mould_v augre_v §_o 24._o plat_v 4._o fig._n k._n b._n base_a see_v plate_n 6._o h._n and_o plate_n 7._o b._n bead._n see_v plate_n 6._o a._n bed-molding_a see_v plate_n 6._o d._n basil._n the_o basil_n be_v a_o angle_n the_o edge_n of_o a_o tool_n be_v ground_n away_o to_o see_v fol._n 71._o batten_n be_v a_o scantling_n of_o stuff_n either_o two_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n broad_a and_o be_v seldom_o above_o a_o inch_n thick_a and_o the_o length_n unlimited_a beak_n the_o end_n of_o the_o holdfast_n see_v fol._n 60_o 61._o bench-screw_a see_v plate_n 4._o a_o g._n and_o fol._n 60._o bevil_n any_o slope_v angle_n that_o be_v not_o a_o square_a be_v call_v a_o bevil_n see_v fol._n 60_o 85._o §_o 19_o and_o plate_n 4._o f._n bite_v see_v §_o 22._o bow-saw_a plate_n 4._o o._n c._n capital_a see_v plate_n 6._o g._n cast._n stuff_n be_v say_v to_o cast_n or_o warp_v when_o by_o its_o own_o drought_n or_o moisture_n or_o the_o drought_n or_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o accident_n it_o alter_v its_o flatness_n and_o straightness_n clamp_n when_o a_o piece_n of_o board_n be_v fit_v with_o the_o grain_n to_o the_o end_n of_o another_o piece_n of_o board_n across_o the_o grain_n the_o first_o board_n be_v clampt_v thus_o the_o end_n of_o table_n be_v common_o clamp_v to_o preserve_v they_o from_o warp_a compass-saw_a see_v fol._n 9_o and_o plate_n 4._o fig._n r._n cornice_n see_v plate_n 6._o q._n and_o plate_n 7._o h._n cross-grained-stuff_n stuff_n be_v cross-grained_n when_o a_o bough_n or_o some_o branch_n shoot_v out_o on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o tree_n for_o the_o bough_n or_o branch_n shoot_v forward_o the_o grain_n of_o that_o branch_n shoot_v forward_o also_o and_o so_o run_v across_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o trunk_n and_o if_o they_o be_v well_o grow_v together_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v perceive_v in_o some_o stuff_n but_o in_o work_v yet_o in_o deal_n board_n those_o bough_n or_o branch_n be_v knot_n and_o easy_o perceive_v and_o if_o it_o grow_v up_o young_a with_o the_o trunk_n than_o instead_o of_o a_o knot_n you_o will_v find_v a_o curl_v in_o the_o stuff_n when_o it_o be_v wrought_v curling-stuff_n if_o the_o bough_n or_o branch_n that_o shoot_v out_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v large_a and_o the_o stuff_n in_o that_o place_n saw_v somewhat_o a-slope_n when_o that_o stuff_n come_v under_o the_o plane_n you_o will_v find_v a_o turn_v about_o or_o curl_v on_o that_o place_n upon_o the_o stuff_n and_o in_o a_o straight_a progress_n of_o the_o plane_n the_o iron_n will_v cut_v with_o and_o sudden_o across_o the_o grain_n and_o that_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o bough_n grow_v in_o the_o youth_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o grow_v more_o or_o less_o upright_o or_o else_o slope_v to_o the_o trunk_n or_o be_v saw_v so_o such_o stuff_n therefore_o be_v call_v curling-stuff_n d._n door-case_n be_v the_o frame_v work_n about_o the_o door_n double-screw_a see_v fol._n 60._o plate_n 4._o fig._n g._n on_o the_o work-bench_n a._n f._n facia_n see_v plate_n 6._o b._n fence_n see_v §_o 8._o use_v of_o the_o blow_n and_o pl._n 4._o fig._n b_o 6._o fine-set_a the_o iron_n of_o planes_n be_v set_v fine_a or_o rank_n they_o be_v set_v fine_a when_o they_o stand_v so_o shallow_a below_o the_o sole_a of_o the_o plane_n that_o in_o work_v they_o take_v off_o a_o thin_a shave_n see_v §_o 3._o flat_a friese_n see_v plate_n 6._o p._n fore-plane_n see_v §_o 2._o and_o plate_n 4_o b1_n former_a see_v §_o 10._o and_o plate_n 4._o c_o 1._o c_o 3_o frame_n see_v fol._n 59_o 60._o frame_n saw_n see_v §_o 28._o and_o plate_n 4._o o._n free_a stuff_n see_v §_o 3._o friese_n see_v plate_n 6._o p._n friese_n panel_n see_v plate_n 7._o l._n friese_n rail_v see_v plate_n 7._o f._n frowy_a stuff_n see_v §_o 3._o g._n gage_n see_v §_o 21._o and_o plate_n 4._o g._n gimlet_n see_v §_o 23._o and_o plate_n 4_o i._n gouge_n see_v §_o 14._o c_o 6._o groove_n see_v fol._n 69._o h._n hammer-hard_a see_v numb_a i._o fol._n 58._o handle_n see_v §_o 15._o and_o plate_n 4._o d_o a._n hard_a stuff_n see_v §_o 3._o hatchet_n see_v §_o 25._o plate_n 4_o l._n head_n see_v §_o 22._o plate_n 4._o h_o a._n holdfast_n see_v §_o 1._o plate_n 4._o a_o d._n hook_n see_v §_o 1._o plate_n 4._o a_o b._n husk_n see_v plate_n 6._o n._n i._o inner-square_a see_v §_o 15._o and_o plate_n 4._o d_o d._n joint_n see_v fol_n 59_o jointer_n see_v §_o 4._o and_o plate_n 4._o b_o 2._o iron_n see_v §_o 2._o and_o plate_n 4._o b_o 1_o d._n k._n kerf_n the_o sawn-away_a slit_n between_o two_o piece_n of_o stuff_n be_v call_v a_o kerf_n see_v fol_n 95._o knob_n see_v §_o 36._o fol._n 104._o and_o plate_n 5._o fig._n 7._o n._n knot_n see_v plate_n 6._o o._n l._n large_a panel_n see_v plate_n 7._o k._n lie_v panel_n see_v plate_n 7._o i._o low_a rail_n see_v plate_n 7._o h._n m._n margin_n see_v plate_n 7._o at_o aaa_n the_o flat_a breadth_n of_o the_o style_n beside_o the_o molding_n be_v call_v the_o margin_n of_o the_o style_n middle_a rail_n see_v plate_n 7_o i_fw-mi mitre_n see_v fol._n 60._o mitre_n box._n see_v §_o 20._o and_o plate_n 5._o fig._n 1._o mitre_n square_a see_v §_o 18._o and_o plate_n 4._o e._n molding_n the_o several_a wrought-work_n make_v with_o planes_n on_o wood_n be_v call_v molding_n see_v plate_n 6._o mould_v planes_n see_v §_o 9_o mortess_n be_v a_o square_a hole_n cut_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o stuff_n to_o entertain_v a_o tenant_n fit_a to_o it_o see_v §_o 17._o mortess_n chissel_n see_v §_o 13._o and_o plate_n 4._o c_o 5._o mouth_n see_v §_o 2._o b7_n a_o the_o mouth_n o._n ogee_n see_v plate_n 6._o c._n oval_n see_v §_o 21._o and_o plate_n 4._o g._n b._n outer_a square_n see_v §_o 15._o and_o plate_n 4._o d_o c._n p._n pad_n see_v §_o 22_o and_o plate_n 4._o h_o b._n panel_n in_o plate_n 7._o i_o k_n l_o are_z panel_n but_o distinguish_v by_o their_o position_n pare_n the_o smooth_a cut_n with_o the_o paring-chissel_a be_v call_v pare_n paring-chissel_a see_v §_o 11._o and_o plate_n 4._o c_o 2._o pilaster_n see_v plate_n 6._o f._n peirce_a see_v §_o 22._o and_o plate_n 4._o h._n pit-man_n the_o sawyer_n that_o work_v in_o the_o pit_n be_v call_v the_o pit-man_n pit-saw_a the_o pit-saw_a be_v a_o great_a see_v fit_v into_o a_o square_a frame_n as_o in_o plate_n 4._o m_o be_v a_o pit-saw_a planchier_fw-fr in_o plate_n 6._o between_o d_o and_o e_z be_v the_o planchier_n plinth_n
see_v plate_n 6._o blow_n see_v §_o 8._o and_o plate_n 4._o b_o 6._o pricker_n be_v vulgar_o call_v a_o awl_n yet_o for_o joiner_n use_n it_o have_v most_o common_o a_o square_a blade_n which_o enter_v the_o wood_n better_o than_o a_o round_a blade_n will_v because_o the_o square_a angle_n in_o turn_v it_o about_o break_v the_o grain_n and_o so_o the_o wood_n be_v in_o less_o danger_n of_o split_v r._n rabbit_n see_v §_o 7._o rabbit_n plane_n see_v §_o 7._o and_o plate_n 4._o b_o 5._o rack_n see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 8._o read_v §_o 36._o rail_n see_v plate_n 7._o aaa_n rank_n the_o iron_n of_o a_o plane_n be_v say_v to_o be_v set_v rank_n when_o its_o edge_n stand_v so_o far_o below_o the_o sole_a of_o the_o plane_n that_o in_o work_v it_o will_v take_v off_o a_o thick_a shave_n see_v §_o 3._o rankset_a see_v rank_n range_v the_o side_n of_o any_o work_n that_o run_v straight_o without_o break_v into_o angle_n be_v say_v to_o run_v range_v thus_o the_o rail_n and_o panel_n of_o one_o straight_a side_n of_o wainscote_v be_v say_v to_o run_v range_v return_v the_o side_n that_o fall_v away_o from_o the_o foreside_n of_o any_o straight_a or_o rank-work_n be_v call_v the_o return_n riglet_n be_v a_o flat_a thin_a square_a piece_n of_o wood_n thus_o the_o piece_n that_o be_v intend_v to_o make_v the_o frame_v for_o small_a picture_n etc._n etc._n before_o they_o be_v mould_v be_v call_v riglet_n rub._n see_v fol._n 94._o s._n saw-wr_a see_v §_o 26_o fol._n 94._o and_o plate_n 4_o o._n scantlin_n the_o size_n that_o your_o stuff_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v cut_v to_o scribe_n when_o joiner_n be_v to_o fit_v a_o side_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o stuff_n against_o the_o side_n of_o some_o other_o piece_n of_o stuff_n and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o stuff_n they_o be_v to_o fit_a to_o be_v not_o regular_a to_o make_v these_o two_o piece_n of_o stuff_n join_v close_o together_o all_o the_o way_n they_o scribe_n it_o as_o they_o phrase_v it_o thus_o they_o lay_v the_o piece_n of_o stuff_n they_o intend_v to_o scribe_v close_o against_o the_o other_o piece_n of_o stuff_n they_o intend_v to_o scribe_v to_o and_o open_v their_o compass_n to_o the_o wide_a distance_n these_o two_o piece_n of_o stuff_n bear_v off_o each_o other_o then_o the_o compass_n move_v stiff_o in_o their_o joint_n they_o bear_v the_o point_n of_o one_o of_o the_o shank_n against_o the_o side_n they_o intend_v to_o scribe_v to_o and_o with_o the_o point_n of_o the_o other_o shank_n they_o draw_v a_o line_n upon_o the_o stuff_n to_o be_v scribe_v and_o then_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n remain_v unremoved_a and_o your_o hand_n carry_v even_o along_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o piece_n to_o be_v scribe_v to_o that_o line_n scribe_v upon_o the_o piece_n intend_v to_o be_v scribe_v shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o irregular_a side_n intend_v to_o be_v scribe_v to_o and_o if_o you_o work_v away_o your_o stuff_n exact_o to_o that_o line_n when_o these_o two_o piece_n be_v put_v together_o they_o shall_v seem_v a_o joint_n shoot_v a_o joint_n see_v fol._n 59_o skew-forme_a see_v §_o 12_o and_o plate_n 4._o c_o 4._o smooth_v plane_n see_v §_o 6._o and_o plate_n 4._o b_o 4._o sole_fw-la see_v plate_n 4._o b_o 7._o b_o a_o b._n the_o under-side_n of_o a_o plane_n be_v call_v the_o sole_a square_n see_v §_o 15._o and_o plate_n 4._o d._n staff_n see_v §_o 21._o and_o plate_n 4._o g_o c._n staff_n see_v §_o 8._o and_o plate_n 4._o b_o 6._o a_o a._n style_n the_o upright_a piece_n aa_n in_o pl._n 7._o be_v stiles_n stock_n see_v §_o 22._o and_o plate_n 4._o h_o c._n stop_v in_o plate_n 6_o k_o k_o be_v stop_v stuff_n the_o wood_n that_o joiner_n work_n upon_o they_o call_v in_o general_a stuff_n sur-base_a in_o plate_n 7._o d_o be_v the_o sur-base_a swelling-friese_a in_o plate_n 6._o r_o be_v the_o swelling-friese_a t._n table_n in_o plate_n 6._o f_o be_v the_o table_n taper_n all_o sort_n of_o stuff_n or_o work_v that_o be_v small_a at_o one_o end_n than_o at_o the_o other_o and_o diminish_v gradual_o from_o the_o big_a end_n be_v say_v to_o be_v taper_n tenant_n be_v a_o square_a end_n fit_v into_o a_o mortess_n see_v §_o 17._o tenant_n saw_n in_o plate_n 4._o o._n will_v be_v a_o tenant_n see_v be_v the_o flat_a of_o the_o blade_n turn_v where_o the_o edge_n there_o stand_v tongue_n see_v §_o 16._o and_o plate_n 4._o d_o b._n tooth_n see_v §_o 21._o and_o plate_n 4._o g_o a._n top-man_n of_o the_o two_o sawyer_n the_o uppermost_a be_v call_v the_o top-man_n tote_n see_v §_o 2._o and_o plate_n 4._o b_o 1_o a._n traverse_n see_v fol._n 65._o trussel_n see_v fol._n 97._o and_o plate_n 5._o fig._n 3._o try_n see_v §_o 13._o v._o vaws-cornice_n see_v plate_n 6._o e._n upper_a cornice_n see_v plate_n 6._o t._n w._n warp_n the_o same_o that_o cast_n be_v wave_a engine_n see_v §_o 36._o and_o plate_n 5._o wedge_n see_v §_o 2._o and_o plate_n 4._o b_o 1._o c._n whetting-block_n see_v plate_n 4._o p._n whip-saw_a see_v plate_n 4._o n._n wrest_v see_v §_o 26._o and_o plate_n 4._o q._n thus_o much_o of_o joinery_n the_o next_o exercise_n will_v god_n will_v be_v of_o carpentry_n mechanic_n exercise_n or_o the_o doctrine_n of_o handiwork_n apply_v to_o the_o art_n of_o house-carpentry_a by_o joseph_n moxon_n late_a member_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o hydrographer_n to_o king_n charles_n ii_o the_o second_o edition_n with_o addition_n london_n print_v and_o sell_v by_o j._n moxon_n at_o the_o atlas_n in_o warwick-lane_n and_o at_o his_o shop_n in_o westminster-hall_n right_a against_o the_o parliament_n stair_n 1694._o mechanic_n exercise_n or_o the_o doctrine_n of_o handiwork_n apply_v to_o the_o art_n of_o house-carpentry_a be_v now_o come_v to_o exercise_v upon_o the_o carpenter_n trade_n it_o may_v be_v expect_v by_o some_o that_o i_o shall_v insist_v upon_o architecture_n it_o be_v so_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o builder_n to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o but_o my_o answer_n to_o they_o be_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o book_n of_o architecture_n extant_a and_o in_o they_o the_o rule_v so_o well_o so_o copious_o and_o so_o complete_o handle_v that_o it_o be_v needless_a for_o i_o to_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o science_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v any_o man_n that_o shall_v can_v do_v more_o than_o collect_v out_o of_o their_o book_n and_o perhaps_o deliver_v their_o meaning_n in_o his_o own_o word_n beside_o architecture_n be_v a_o mathematical_a science_n and_o therefore_o different_a from_o my_o present_a undertake_n which_o be_v as_o by_o my_o tittle_n mechanic_n exercise_n yet_o because_o book_n of_o architecture_n be_v as_o necessary_a for_o a_o builder_n to_o understand_v as_o the_o use_n of_o tool_n and_o lest_o some_o builder_n shall_v not_o know_v how_o to_o inquire_v for_o they_o i_o shall_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o carpentry_n give_v you_o the_o name_n of_o some_o author_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v print_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n some_o may_v perhaps_o also_o think_v it_o have_v be_v more_o proper_a for_o i_o in_o these_o exercise_n to_o have_v introduce_v carpentry_n before_o joynery_n because_o necessity_n the_o mother_n of_o invention_n do_v doubtless_o compel_v our_o forefather_n in_o the_o beginning_n to_o use_v the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o first_o rather_o than_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o the_o last_o i_o confess_v i_o consider_v it_o myself_o and_o have_v in_o my_o own_o reason_n be_v persuade_v to_o it_o but_o that_o i_o also_o consider_v that_o the_o rule_n they_o both_o work_n by_o be_v upon_o the_o matter_n the_o same_o in_o saw_v mortessing_n tenant_a scribe_v pare_n plain_a mould_v etc._n etc._n and_o likewise_o the_o tool_n they_o work_v with_o the_o same_o though_o some_o of_o they_o somewhat_o strong_a for_o carpenter_n use_n than_o they_o need_v be_v for_o joiner_n because_o joiner_n work_n more_o curious_o and_o observe_v the_o rule_n more_o exact_o than_o carpenter_n need_v do_v and_o therefore_o i_o say_v it_o be_v that_o i_o begin_v with_o joiner_n before_o carpentry_n for_o he_o that_o know_v how_o to_o work_v curious_o may_v when_o he_o list_v work_v slight_o when_o as_o they_o that_o be_v teach_v to_o work_v more_o rough_o do_v with_o great_a difficulty_n perform_v more_o curious_a and_o nice_a work_n thus_o we_o see_v joiner_n work_n their_o table_n exact_o flat_a and_o smooth_a and_o shoot_v their_o joint_n so_o true_a that_o the_o whole_a table_n show_v all_o one_o piece_n but_o the_o floor_n carpenter_n lay_v be_v also_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o carpentry_n to_o be_v lay_v flat_a and_o true_a and_o shall_v yet_o be_v well_o enough_o lay_v though_o not_o so_o exact_o flat_a
and_o smooth_a as_o a_o table_n yet_o though_o the_o rule_v joiner_n and_o carpenter_n work_n by_o be_v so_o near_o the_o same_o and_o the_o tool_n they_o work_v with_o and_o stuff_v they_o work_v upon_o the_o same_o yet_o there_o be_v many_o requisite_n proper_a to_o a_o carpenter_n especial_o a_o master_n carpenter_n that_o a_o joiner_n need_v take_v little_a notice_n of_o which_o after_o i_o have_v describe_v the_o carpenter_n tool_n that_o be_v not_o express_v among_o the_o joiner_n i_o shall_v speak_v to_o §_o 1._o of_o several_a tool_n use_v in_o carpentry_n that_o be_v not_o use_v in_o joynery_n and_o first_o of_o the_o axe_n the_o axe_n mark_v a_o in_o plate_n 8._o be_v as_o you_o see_v different_a from_o what_o the_o joiner_n hatchet_n be_v both_o in_o size_n and_o form_n there_o be_v being_n a_o light_a hatchet_n with_o a_o basil_n edge_n on_o its_o left_a side_n because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v use_v with_o one_o hand_n and_o therefore_o have_v a_o short_a handle_n but_o the_o carpenter_n axe_n be_v to_o hew_v great_a stuff_n be_v make_v much_o deep_o and_o heavy_a and_o its_o edge_n taper_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o blade_n it_o have_v a_o long_a handle_n because_o it_o be_v use_v with_o both_o their_o hand_n to_o square_v or_o bevel_v their_o timber_n when_o they_o use_v the_o axe_n the_o timber_n have_v common_o some_o bauk_n or_o log_n lay_v under_o it_o near_o each_o end_n that_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o axe_n may_v be_v in_o less_o danger_n of_o strike_v into_o the_o ground_n when_o they_o hew_v near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o they_o common_o stand_v on_o that_o side_n the_o timber_n they_o hew_v upon_o §_o 2._o of_o the_o adz_n and_o its_o use_n the_o adz_n mark_v b_o in_o plate_n 8._o have_v its_o blade_n make_v thin_a and_o somewhat_o arch_v as_o the_o axe_n have_v its_o edge_n parallel_v to_o its_o handle_n so_o the_o adz_n have_v its_o edge_n athwart_o the_o handle_n and_o be_v ground_n to_o a_o basil_n on_o its_o inside_n to_o its_o outer_a edge_n wherefore_o when_o it_o be_v blunt_a they_o can_v well_o grind_v it_o unless_o they_o take_v its_o helve_z out_o of_o its_o eye_n it_o be_v general_a use_n be_v to_o take_v thin_a chip_n off_o timber_n or_o board_n and_o to_o take_v off_o those_o irregularity_n that_o the_o axe_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o form_n can_v well_o come_v at_o and_o that_o a_o plain_a though_o rank_o set_v will_v not_o make_v riddance_n enough_o with_o it_o be_v most_o use_v for_o the_o take_n off_o the_o irregularity_n on_o the_o frame_a work_n of_o a_o floor_n when_o it_o be_v frame_v and_o pine_v together_o and_o lay_v on_o its_o place_n for_o that_o lie_v flat_a under_o they_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o axe_n be_v parallel_n to_o its_o handle_n as_o aforesaid_a can_v come_v at_o the_o irregularity_n to_o take_v they_o off_o but_o the_o adz_n have_v its_o edge_n athwart_o the_o handle_n will_n again_o upon_o some_o post_n frame_v upright_o and_o range_v with_o other_o frame_a work_n close_o to_o it_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o axe_n can_v come_v at_o the_o irregularity_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a but_o the_o adz_n will_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o irregularity_n of_o frame_a work_n on_o a_o ceiling_n etc._n etc._n when_o they_o work_v upon_o the_o frame_a work_n of_o a_o floor_n they_o take_v the_o end_n of_o the_o handle_n in_o both_o their_o hand_n place_v themselves_o direct_o before_o the_o irregularity_n at_o a_o small_a distance_n straddle_a a_o little_a with_o both_o their_o leg_n to_o prevent_v danger_n from_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o adz_n and_o so_o by_o degree_n hew_v of_o the_o irregularity_n but_o if_o they_o hew_v upon_o a_o upright_a they_o stand_v direct_o before_o it_o they_o sometime_o use_v the_o adz_n upon_o small_a thin_a stuff_n to_o make_v it_o thin_a but_o this_o be_v many_o time_n when_o the_o axe_n or_o some_o other_o proper_a tool_n lie_v not_o at_o hand_n and_o then_o they_o lay_v their_o stuff_n upon_o the_o floor_n and_o hold_v one_o end_n of_o it_o down_o with_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o foot_n if_o the_o stuff_n be_v long_o enough_o if_o not_o with_o the_o end_n of_o their_o toe_n and_o so_o hew_v it_o light_o away_o to_o their_o size_n or_o form_n or_o both_o §_o 3._o of_o carpenter_n chissel_v in_o general_n though_o carpenter_n for_o their_o fine_a work_n use_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o chissel_v describe_v in_o exercise_n 4._o yet_o be_v not_o those_o sort_n of_o chissel_v strong_a enough_o for_o their_o rough_a and_o more_o common_a work_n and_o therefore_o they_o also_o use_v a_o strong_a sort_n of_o chissel_v and_o distinguish_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o socket-chissels_a for_o whereas_o those_o chissel_v joiner_n use_n have_v their_o wooden_a head_n make_v hollow_a to_o receive_v the_o iron_n sprig_v above_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o shank_n carpenter_n have_v their_o shank_n make_v with_o a_o hollow_a socket_n at_o its_o top_n to_o receive_v a_o strong_a wooden_a sprig_n make_v to_o fit_a into_o that_o socket_n with_o a_o square_a shoulder_n above_o it_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o iron_n of_o the_o socket_n or_o somewhat_o more_o which_o make_v it_o much_o more_o strong_a and_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o heavy_a blow_n of_o the_o mallet_n they_o lie_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o chissel_n and_o the_o shanks_n and_o blades_n be_v make_v strong_a for_o carpenter_n use_v than_o they_o be_v for_o joiner_n of_o these_o socket_n chissel_v they_o have_v of_o the_o several_a sort_n describe_v in_o joinery_n though_o not_o all_o several_o distinguish_v by_o their_o name_n for_o they_o call_v they_o half-inch_n three-quarter-inch_n chissel_v inch_n and_o half_a two-inch_n to_o three-inch_n chissel_n according_a to_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o blade_n but_o their_o uses_n be_v the_o same_o mention_v in_o joinery_n though_o the_o manner_n of_o use_v they_o be_v somewhat_o different_a too_o for_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o joinery_n the_o joiner_n press_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o blade_n into_o the_o stuff_n with_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o shoulder_n but_o the_o carpenter_n with_o the_o force_n of_o the_o blow_n of_o the_o mallet_n and_o the_o joiner_n guide_n their_o chissel_v different_o from_o what_o the_o carpenter_n do_v their_o socket_n chissel_v for_o the_o joiner_n hold_n the_o shank_n and_o blade_n of_o their_o chissel_v as_o i_o describe_v in_o numb_a 4._o sect._n 11._o but_o the_o carpenter_n hold_v the_o shank_n of_o their_o chissel_v in_o their_o clutch_v leave_v hand_n and_o beat_v upon_o the_o head_n with_o the_o mallet_n in_o the_o right_n see_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o socket_n chissel_n in_o plate_n 8._o c._n with_o its_o head_n a_o out_o of_o the_o socket_n §_o 4._o of_o the_o rip_v chissel_n and_o its_o use_n the_o rip_v chissel_n describe_v plate_n 8._o d._n be_v a_o socket_n chissel_n and_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n broad_a and_o have_v a_o blunt_a edge_n it_o be_v edge_n have_v not_o a_o basil_n as_o almost_o all_o other_o chissel_v have_v and_o therefore_o will_v more_o proper_o be_v call_v a_o wedge_n than_o a_o chissel_n but_o most_o common_o carpenter_n use_v a_o old_a cast_v off_o chissel_n for_o a_o rip_v chissel_n it_o be_v office_n be_v not_o to_o cut_v wood_n as_o other_o do_v but_o to_o rip_v or_o tear_v two_o piece_n of_o wood_n fasten_v together_o from_o one_o another_o by_o enter_v the_o blunt_a edge_n of_o it_o between_o the_o two_o piece_n and_o then_o knock_v hard_o with_o the_o mallet_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o handle_n till_o you_o drive_v the_o thick_a part_n of_o it_o between_o the_o two_o piece_n and_o so_o force_v the_o power_n that_o hold_v they_o together_o be_v it_o nail_n or_o otherwise_o to_o let_v go_v their_o hold_n for_o its_o blunt_a edge_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o steel_n and_o well_o temper_v so_o that_o if_o you_o knock_v with_o strong_a blow_n of_o the_o mallet_n the_o chissel_v edge_n upon_o a_o nail_n though_o of_o some_o considerable_a substance_n it_o may_v cut_v or_o break_v it_o short_a asunder_o if_o you_o can_v at_o once_o place_v the_o ripping-chissel_a part_n the_o two_o piece_n you_o must_v use_v two_o ripping-chissels_a place_v the_o second_o at_o the_o remote_a entrance_n in_o the_o breach_n and_o drive_v that_o home_n will_v both_o open_v the_o breach_n wide_o and_o loosen_v the_o first_o ripping-chissel_a so_o that_o you_o may_v take_v it_o out_o again_o and_o place_n it_o far_o in_o the_o breach_n and_o so_o you_o must_v continue_v edge_v far_a and_o far_o till_o you_o have_v separate_v your_o intend_a piece_n it_o be_v sometime_o use_v when_o carpenter_n have_v commit_v error_n in_o their_o work_n and_o must_v undo_v what_o they_o do_v to_o mend_v it_o but_o it_o
saw_v joyst_n in_o length_n 8_o 6_o 4_o lath_n in_o length_n 5_o 4_o 1_o 1_o 4_o 1_o quarter_n and_o ½_o inch_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr inches_n stone_n where_o stone_n be_v use_v to_o keep_v to_o these_o scantlins_n first_o sort_n of_o house_n corner_n peer_n 18_o square_a middle_a or_o single_a peer_n 14_o and_o 12_o double_a peer_n between_o house_n and_o house_n 14_o and_o 18_o door-jamb_n and_o head_n 12_o and_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr foot_n inches_n 2d_o &_o 3d_o sort_n corner_n peer_n 2_o 6_o square_v middle_n or_o single_a peer_n 18_o square_a double_a peer_n between_o house_n and_o house-24_a and_o 18_o door-jamb_n and_o head_n 14_o and_o 10_o  _fw-fr foot_n thickness_n scantlins_n for_o sewer_n 3_o wide_a side-wall_n 1_o brick_n ½_o bottom_n pave_v plain_a and_o then_o 1_o brick_n on_o edge_n circular_a 5_o high_a arch_n 1_o brick_n on_o end_n general_a rule_n in_o every_o foundation_n within_o the_o ground_n add_v one_o brick_n in_o thickness_n to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n as_o in_o the_o scheme_n next_o above_o the_o foundation_n to_o be_v set_v off_o in_o three_o course_n equal_o on_o both_o side_n that_o no_o timbor_n be_v lay_v within_o twelve_o inch_n of_o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o chimney-jamb_n and_o that_o all_o joyst_n on_o the_o back_n of_o any_o chimney_n be_v lay_v with_o a_o trimmer_n at_o six_o inch_n distance_n from_o the_o back_n that_o no_o timber_n be_v lay_v within_o the_o tunnel_n of_o any_o chimney_n upon_o penalty_n to_o the_o workman_n for_o every_o default_n ten_o shilling_n and_o ten_o shilling_n every_o week_n it_o continue_v unreformed_a that_o no_o joyct_n or_o rafter_n be_v lay_v at_o great_a distance_n from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o than_o twelve_o inch_n and_o no_o quarter_n at_o great_a distance_n than_o fourteen_o inch_n that_o no_o joyst_n bear_v at_o long_a length_n than_o ten_o foot_n and_o no_o single_a rafter_n at_o more_o in_o length_n than_o nine_o foot_n that_o all_o roof_n window-frames_a and_o cellar-floor_n be_v make_v of_o oak_n the_o tile-pin_n of_o oak_n no_o summer_n of_o girder_n to_o lie_v over_o the_o head_n of_o door_n and_o window_n no_o summer_n or_o girder_n to_o lie_v less_o than_o ten_o inch_n into_o the_o wall_n no_o joyst_n than_o eight_o inch_n and_o to_o be_v lay_v in_o lome_n but_o yet_o the_o carcase_n be_v not_o complete_v till_o the_o quarter_n and_o brace_n between_o the_o principal_a post_n and_o post_n be_v fit_v in_o the_o window_n frame_v make_v and_o set_v up_o and_o the_o principal_a rafter_n purlin_n gable_n etc._n etc._n be_v also_o frame_v and_o set_v up_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o pitch_n and_o scantlins_n you_o will_v see_v in_o plate_n 11._o and_o the_o reason_n for_o several_a pitch_v you_o may_v find_v among_o book_n of_o architecture_n but_o the_o name_n of_o every_o member_n you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o alphabetical_a table_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o these_o exercise_n on_o carpentry_n refer_v unto_o by_o letter_n and_o arithmetical_a figure_n in_o the_o plate_n aforesaid_a but_o now_o we_o will_v suppose_v the_o carcase_n be_v thus_o finish_v the_o bricklayer_n be_v then_o to_o bring_v up_o the_o chilmny_n and_o afterward_o to_o tile_n the_o house_n and_o then_o the_o next_o work_v the_o carpenter_n have_v to_o do_v be_v to_o bring_v up_o the_o stair_n and_o staircase_n and_o afterward_o to_o floor_n the_o room_n and_o hang_v the_o door_n etc._n etc._n for_o shall_v he_o either_o bring_v up_o the_o stair_n and_o staircase_n or_o floor_n the_o room_n before_o the_o house_n be_v tile_v or_o otherwise_o cover_v if_o wet_a wether_n shall_v happen_v it_o may_v injure_v the_o stair_n flooring_n etc._n etc._n a_o the_o ground-plate_n or_o groundsell_a bb_n bb_n the_o principal_a post_n cc_o the_o bind_v intertise_n or_o indeed_o more_o proper_o interduce_v bressummer_n girder_n d_o beam_n of_o the_o roof_n bressummer_n or_o girder_n to_o the_o garret_n floor_n i_fw-mi principal_a rafter_n ff_o bressummers_n g_o plate_n or_o raising-piece_n also_o a_o beam_n aa_o jaums_n or_o door-post_n bb_n brace_n cc_o jaums_n d_o top-rail_a of_o the_o balcony_n ee_o bottom-rail_a of_o the_o balcony_n fff_o post_n of_o the_o balcony_n ggg_o banister_n hh_o bressummer_n for_o the_o shop-window_n h_o king-piece_n or_o joggle-piece_n two_o strut_v kk_v top-beam_n coller-beam_n wind-beam_n strut-beam_n lll_o door-head_n two_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o principal_a rafter_n k_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rafter_n jik_fw-mi the_o gable-end_n ll_o knee_n of_o the_o principal_a rafter_n to_o be_v make_v all_o of_o one_o piece_n with_o the_o principal_a rafter_n m_o the_o fust_v of_o the_o house_n nn_n purlins_n oh_o shop-window_n pp_n flap_n or_o fall_v mmm_o quarter_n nn_n jaums_n of_o the_o window_n oh_o back_o and_o head_n of_o the_o window_n pp_n transum_n qq_fw-fr munnion_n rr_z furring_n or_o shred_n v._o single_a light_a window_n or_o luteons_n sss_n rafter_n §_o 16._o of_o window_n frames_n in_o brick_n building_n the_o window_n frames_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o head-sell_a groundsell_a and_o transum_n run_v though_o the_o outer_a jaums_n about_o four_o inch_n beyond_o they_o and_o so_o they_o be_v set_v in_o a_o lay_v of_o mortar_n upon_o the_o brick_n wall_n before_o the_o peer_n on_o either_o side_n be_v bring_v up_o at_o about_o three_o inch_n within_o the_o front_n so_o that_o the_o brick_n work_n over_o the_o head_n and_o about_o the_o jaums_n defend_v it_o from_o the_o wether_n then_o the_o bricklayer_n bring_v up_o the_o peer_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o the_o four_o end_n or_o tenant_n that_o project_n through_o the_o outer_a jaums_n be_v bury_v and_o trim_v into_o the_o brickwork_n become_v a_o fasten_n to_o the_o window-frame_n but_o if_o the_o window-frame_n stand_v on_o a_o timber-house_n the_o head_n and_o groundsell_a be_v sometime_o tennant_v into_o post_n of_o the_o carcase_n and_o then_o the_o post_n do_v the_o office_n of_o the_o outer_a jaums_n of_o the_o window-frame_n and_o the_o head_n and_o groundsell_a be_v then_o call_v entertise_n and_o therefore_o both_o head_n and_o groundsell_a and_o post_n or_o jaums_n be_v rabbet_v about_o half_a a_o inch_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o front_n to_o receive_v the_o pane_n of_o glass_n that_o be_v fit_v to_o it_o and_o thus_o as_o i_o say_v the_o post_n become_v part_n of_o the_o window-frame_n but_o the_o better_a way_n be_v to_o frame_v a_o window_n as_o the_o brickwork_n window_n and_o to_o project_v it_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a beyond_o the_o side_n of_o the_o building_n and_o to_o plaster_n against_o its_o side_n for_o the_o better_a secure_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o carcase_n from_o the_o weather_n the_o window-frame_n have_v every_o one_o of_o its_o light_n rabbet_v on_o its_o outside_n about_o half_a on_o inch_n into_o the_o frame_n and_o all_o these_o rabbit_n but_o that_o on_o the_o groundsell_a be_v groove_v square_a but_o the_o rabbit_n on_o the_o groundsell_a be_v bevel_v downward_o that_o rain_n or_o snow_n etc._n etc._n may_v the_o free_o fall_v off_o it_o into_o these_o rabbit_n the_o several_a pane_n of_o glass-work_n be_v set_v and_o fasten_v by_o the_o glazier_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v when_o i_o come_v to_o exercise_n upon_o glaze_v the_o square_a corner_n of_o the_o frame_n next_o the_o glass_n be_v bevel_v away_o both_o on_o the_o out_o and_o inside_n of_o the_o building_n that_o the_o light_n may_v the_o free_o play_v upon_o the_o glass_n and_o upon_o that_o bevel_n be_v common_o stick_v a_o mould_v for_o ornament_n sake_n according_a to_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o workman_n but_o more_o general_o according_a to_o the_o various_a mode_n of_o the_o time_n §_o 17._o of_o stair_n and_o staircase_n several_a writer_n of_o architecture_n have_v deliver_v different_a rule_n for_o the_o height_n and_o breadth_n of_o step_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o several_a capacity_n of_o the_o staircase_n they_o forbid_v more_o than_o six_o and_o less_o than_o four_o inch_n for_o the_o height_n of_o each_o step_n and_o more_o than_o sixteen_o and_o lest_o than_o twelve_o for_o the_o breadth_n of_o each_o step._n but_o here_o we_o must_v understand_v they_o mean_v these_o measure_n shall_v be_v observe_v in_o large_a and_o sumptuous_a building_n but_o we_o have_v here_o propose_v a_o ordinary_a private_a house_n which_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o such_o measure_n for_o want_v of_o room_n therefore_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n the_o first_o and_o second_o pair_n of_o stair_n the_o step_n shall_v be_v about_o 7⅓_n inches_n high_a and_o 10_o inch_n broad_a the_o three_o pair_n of_o stair_n each_o step_n may_v be_v about_o 6_o ½_o inches_n high_a and_o 9_o ½_o inches_n broad_a and_o for_o the_o four_o pair_n of_o stair_n each_o step_n may_v be_v
board_n till_o the_o whole_a floor_n be_v board_v but_o if_o these_o board_n be_v not_o long_a enough_o as_o i_o hint_v before_o to_o reach_v through_o the_o whole_a room_n they_o examine_v how_o true_a the_o end_n lie_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o one_o another_o by_o apply_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o two-foot_n rule_n to_o the_o end_n and_o where_o the_o end_n of_o any_o board_n keep_v of_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o two-foot_n rule_n from_o comply_v with_o the_o whole_a range_n of_o end_n they_o with_o the_o chissel_n and_o mallet_n cut_v off_o that_o irregularity_n hold_v and_o guide_v the_o chissel_n so_o that_o it_o may_v rather_o cut_v away_o more_o of_o the_o bottom_n than_o top_n of_o the_o board_n that_o so_o the_o board_n join_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o lay_v board_n may_v make_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o floor_n the_o fine_a and_o true_a joint_n have_v thus_o board_v the_o whole_a room_n notwithstanding_o they_o use_v their_o best_a diligence_n to_o do_v it_o exact_o yet_o may_v the_o edge_n of_o some_o board_n lie_n somewhat_o high_a than_o the_o board_n it_o lie_v next_o to_o therefore_o they_o peruse_v the_o whole_a floor_n and_o wherethey_a find_v any_o irregularity_n they_o plane_n they_o off_o with_o the_o plane_n etc._n etc._n §_o 19_o the_o hang_v of_o door_n window_n etc._n etc._n the_o floor_n be_v board_v the_o next_o work_n be_v to_o hang_v the_o door_n in_o which_o though_o there_o be_v little_a difficulty_n yet_o be_v there_o much_o care_n to_o be_v take_v that_o the_o door_n open_a and_o shut_v well_o if_o the_o door_n have_v a_o door-case_n as_o chamber-door_n and_o closet-door_n common_o have_v the_o jaums_n of_o the_o door-case_n must_v stand_v exact_o perpendicular_a which_o you_o must_v try_v by_o the_o plumb-line_n as_o by_o §_o 8._o and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o door-case_n or_o entertise_v must_v be_v fit_v exact_o square_a to_o the_o jaums_n as_o you_o where_o teach_v numb_a 3._o §_o 17_o 18_o 19_o and_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o door_n must_v be_v make_v exact_o square_a and_o the_o rabbit_n of_o the_o door_n to_o fit_v exact_o into_o the_o rabbit_n of_o the_o door-case_n but_o yet_o they_o common_o make_v the_o door_n about_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n short_a than_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o jaums_n of_o the_o door-case_n lest_o if_o the_o board_n of_o the_o floor_n chance_v to_o swell_v within_o the_o sweep_n of_o the_o door_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o door_n shall_v drag_v upon_o the_o floor_n they_o consider_v what_o sort_n of_o hinge_n be_v proper_a for_o the_o door_n they_o be_v to_o hang._n when_o they_o have_v a_o street-door_n which_o common_o be_v to_o take_v off_o and_o lift_v on_o they_o use_v hook_n and_o hinge_n in_o a_o battend-door_n backdoor_n or_o other_o battend-door_n or_o shop-window_n they_o use_v cross-garnets_a if_o a_o frame_v door_n side_n hinge_n and_o for_o cupboard_n door_n and_o such_o like_a duftail_n see_v the_o description_n of_o these_o hinge_n in_o numb_a 1._o fig._n 1._o 5_o 6._o but_o what_o sort_n of_o hinge_n soever_o they_o use_v they_o have_v care_n to_o provide_v they_o of_o a_o strength_n proportionable_a to_o the_o size_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o door_n they_o hang_v with_o they_o well-made_a hinge_n i_o have_v describe_v numb_a 1._o fol._n 20._o whither_o to_o avoid_v repetition_n i_o refer_v you_o if_o they_o hand_n a_o street-door_n which_o be_v common_o about_o six_o foot_n high_a they_o first_o drive_v the_o hook_n into_o the_o door-post_n by_o enter_v the_o post_n first_o with_o a_o augur_n but_o the_o bit_n of_o the_o augur_n must_v be_v less_o than_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o hook_n and_o the_o hole_n bore_v not_o so_o long_o because_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o hook_n must_v be_v strong_o force_v into_o the_o augure-hole_n and_o shall_v the_o augure-hole_n be_v too_o wide_a the_o shank_n will_v be_v loose_a in_o it_o and_o not_o stick_v strong_a enough_o in_o it_o therefore_o if_o the_o shank_n be_v a_o inch_n square_a a_o half-inch-augure_n be_v big_a enough_o to_o bear_v that_o hole_n with_o because_o it_o will_v then_o endure_v the_o heavy_a blow_n of_o a_o hammer_n to_o drive_v it_o so_o far_o as_o it_o must_v go_v and_o the_o strong_a it_o be_v force_v in_o the_o fast_o the_o hook_n stick_v but_o yet_o they_o be_v carful_a not_o to_o split_v the_o door-post_n these_o hook_n be_v common_o drive_v in_o about_o fifteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o groundsell_a and_o as_o much_o below_o the_o top_n of_o the_o door_n it_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v their_o care_n to_o choose_v the_o pin_n of_o the_o low_a hook_n about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o than_o that_o they_o use_v for_o the_o upper_a hook_n or_o else_o to_o make_v it_o so_o because_o these_o door_n be_v common_o unwieldy_a to_o lift_v off_o and_o on_o especial_o to_o lift_v both_o the_o hinge_n on_o both_o the_o hook_n at_o once_o therefore_o when_o the_o low_a hinge_v be_v lift_v on_o the_o low_a hook_n if_o the_o door_n be_v then_o lift-perpendicular_o upright_o so_o high_a as_o the_o under_o side_n of_o the_o upper_a hinge_v may_o just_a reach_v the_o top_n of_o the_o upper_a hook_n you_o may_v the_o easy_o slip_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o upper_a hinge_v upon_o the_o hook_n whereas_o if_o the_o low_a hook_n be_v either_o short_a or_o just_o no_o long_o than_o the_o other_o instead_o of_o lift_v it_o ready_o upon_o the_o upper_a hook_n you_o may_v lift_v it_o off_o the_o low_a hook_n and_o so_o begin_v the_o labour_n again_o have_v drive_v in_o the_o hook_n they_o set_v the_o rabbit_n of_o the_o door_n within_o the_o rabbit_n of_o the_o door-post_n and_o underlay_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o door_n with_o a_o chip_n or_o two_o about_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n thick_a to_o raise_v the_o door_n that_o it_o drag_v not_o then_o they_o put_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o hinge_n over_o the_o pin_n of_o the_o hook_n and_o place_v the_o tail_n piece_n of_o the_o hinge_n parallel_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o top_n of_o the_o door_n they_o so_o nail_v they_o upon_o this_o be_v the_o rule_n they_o general_o observe_v for_o hang_v door_n shop-window_n etc._n etc._n only_o sometime_o instead_o of_o nailing_n the_o hinge_n upon_o the_o door_n they_o rivet_v they_o on_o for_o more_o strength_n and_o then_o after_o they_o have_v fit_v the_o door_n or_o window_n into_o its_o rabbit_n and_o lay_v the_o hinge_n in_o there_o proper_a place_n and_o position_n as_o aforesaid_a they_o make_v mark_n in_o the_o nail-hole_n of_o the_o hinge_v with_o the_o point_n of_o their_o compass_n upon_o the_o door_n and_o at_o those_o mark_n they_o pierce_v hole_n with_o a_o piercer-bit_a that_o fit_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o rivet_n then_o they_o put_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o rivet_n through_o the_o hole_n make_v in_o the_o door_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rivet_n be_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o door_n and_o they_o also_o put_v the_o end_n of_o the_o shank_n into_o the_o nail-hole_n of_o the_o hinge_v and_o so_o whilst_o another_o man_n hold_v the_o head_n of_o the_o hatchet_n against_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rivet_n they_o with_o the_o pen_n of_o their_o hammer_n batter_v and_o spread_v the_o flat_a end_n of_o the_o shank_n over_o the_o hole_n as_o be_v show_v numb_a 2._o fol._n 24._o 25._o the_o title_n of_o some_o book_n of_o architecture_n sebastion_n seirlio_n in_o folio_n hans_n bloom'_v five_o column_n folio_n vignola_n in_o folio_n vignola_n or_o the_o complete_a architect_n in_o octavo_n scamotzi_n quarto_n palladio_n quarto_n sir_n henry_n wotton_n element_n of_o architecture_n quarto_n these_o book_n be_v all_o print_v in_o english_a but_o there_o be_v many_o other_o extant_a in_o several_a other_o language_n of_o which_o vitruvius_n be_v the_o chief_a for_o from_o his_o book_n the_o rest_n be_v general_o derive_v as_o philip_n le_fw-fr orm_n ditterlin_n marlois_n and_o many_o other_o which_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v have_v among_o bookseller_n and_o these_o sufficient_a for_o information_n i_o shall_v omit_v till_o another_o opportunity_n a_o explanation_n of_o term_n use_v in_o carpentry_n a._n adz_n plate_n 8._o b_o §_o 2._o arch_n any_o work_n wrought_v circular_a as_o the_o top_n part_n of_o some_o window-frames_a the_o top_n of_o some_o great_a gate_n the_o roof_n of_o vault_n etc._n etc._n architrave_n see_v numb_a 6._o plate_n 6._o 1._o and_o plate_n 6._o a._n §_o 1._o axe_n numb_a 7._o plate_n 8._o a._n b._n back_o or_o hip-molding_a the_o backward_a hip_n or_o valley-rafter_n in_o the_o way_n of_o a_o angle_n for_o the_o back_n part_n of_o a_o building_n bannister_n numb_a 8._o plate_n 11._o g_o g_o g._n base_a be_v common_o the_o bottom_n
of_o a_o cullumn_n see_v numb_a 6._o plate_n 6._o h._n and_o plate_n 7._o b._n batement_n to_o abate_v or_o waste_v a_o piece_n of_o stuff_n by_o form_v of_o it_o to_o a_o design_a purpose_n thus_o instead_o of_o ask_v how_o much_o be_v cut_v off_o such_o a_o piece_n of_o stuff_n carpenter_n ask_v what_o batement_n that_o piece_n of_o stuff_n have_v batter_v the_o side_n or_o part_n of_o the_o side_n of_o a_o wall_n or_o any_o timber_n that_o bulge_v from_o its_o bottom_n or_o foundation_n be_v say_v to_o batter_v or_o hang_v over_o the_o foundation_n battlement_n a_o flat_a roof_n or_o platform_n to_o walk_v on_o but_o battlement_n be_v more_o proper_o wall_n build_v about_o the_o platform_n to_o enclose_v it_o as_o be_v see_v upon_o tower_n for_o defence_n part_v of_o the_o battlement_n be_v breast_n high_a that_o musquetier_n may_v shoot_v over_o it_o the_o other_o part_n man-high_a to_o secure_a man_n from_o the_o shot_n of_o their_o enemy_n bauk_fw-mi a_o piece_n of_o fir_n unslit_v from_o four_o to_o ten_o inch_n square_a and_o of_o many_o length_n bear_v timber_n be_v say_v to_o bear_n at_o its_o whole_a length_n when_o neither_o a_o brickwall_n or_o post_n etc._n etc._n stand_v between_o the_o end_n of_o it_o but_o if_o either_o a_o brickwall_n or_o post_n etc._n etc._n be_v trim_v up_o to_o that_o timber_n than_o it_o be_v say_v to_o bear_v only_o at_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o brickwall_n or_o post_n and_o either_o end_n of_o the_o timber_n thus_o carpenter_n ask_v what_o bear_v such_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n have_v the_o answer_n be_v 10_o 12_o 15_o etc._n etc._n foot_n according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a timber_n or_o else_o according_a to_o the_o distance_n between_o either_o end_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o a_o bearer_n viz._n a_o post_n or_o brickwall_n that_o be_v trim_v up_o between_o the_o two_o end_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n to_o shorten_v its_o bear_v bond_n when_o workman_n say_v make_v good_a bond_n they_o mean_v fasten_v the_o two_o or_o more_o piece_n of_o timber_n well_o together_o either_o with_o tennant_v and_o mortess_v or_o duff-tailing_a etc._n etc._n bind_v joyst_n see_v trimmer_n or_o plate_n 10._o b_o b_o b._n brace_n see_v plate_n 11._o b_o b_o b._n brad_n be_v a_o nail_n to_o floor_n room_n with_o they_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o tenpenny_n nail_n but_o have_v not_o their_o head_n make_v with_o a_o shoulder_n over_o their_o shank_n as_o other_o nail_n but_o be_v make_v pretty_a thick_a towards_o the_o upper_a end_n that_o the_o very_a top_n of_o it_o may_v be_v drive_v into_o and_o bury_v in_o the_o board_n they_o nail_v down_o so_o that_o the_o top_n of_o these_o brad_n will_v not_o catch_v as_o the_o head_n of_o nail_n will_v the_o thrum_n of_o the_o mop_n when_o the_o floor_n be_v wash_v you_o may_v see_v they_o at_o most_o ironmonger_n break_v in_o carpenter_n with_o their_o rip_v chissel_n do_v often_o break_v in_o to_o bricks-wall_n that_o be_v they_o cut_v hole_n but_o indeed_o more_o proper_o break_v the_o brick_n by_o force_n and_o make_v their_o hole_n to_o their_o size_n and_o form_n bressummer_n see_v plate_n 11._o c_o c_o d_o f_o f_o h_o h._n bring_v up_o a_o term_n most_o use_v among_o carpenter_n when_o they_o discourse_v bricklayer_n and_o then_o they_o say_v bring_v up_o the_o foundation_n so_o high_a bring_v up_o such_o a_o wall_n bring_v up_o the_o chimney_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v build_v the_o foundation_n so_o high_a build_v the_o wall_n build_v the_o chimney_n etc._n etc._n butment_n the_o piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o yard_n mark_v g_z in_o plate_n 10._o be_v a_o butment_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ground-plot_n buttress_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o outside_n a_o wall_n to_o support_v it_o c._n camber_n a_o piece_n of_o timber_n cut_v arch_v so_o as_o when_o a_o weight_n considerable_a shall_v be_v set_v upon_o it_o it_o may_v in_o length_n of_o time_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o straight_o cantilever_n piece_n of_o wood_n frame_v into_o the_o front_n or_o other_o side_n of_o a_o house_n to_o sustain_v the_o mould_v and_o eaves_n over_o it_o careass_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o skelleton_n of_o a_o house_n before_o it_o be_v lathe_v and_o plaster_v cartouse_n ornamented_a corbel_n clear_a story_n window_n window_n that_o have_v no_o transum_n in_o they_o commander_n see_v numb_a 7._o plate_n 8._o k_o and_o §_o 10._o cope_a over_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o hang_v over_o but_o not_o square_a to_o its_o upright_a but_o bevel_v on_o it_o under_o side_n till_o it_o end_v in_o a_o edge_n corbel_n a_o piece_n of_o timber_n set_v under_o another_o piece_n of_o timber_n to_o discharge_v its_o bear_v crab_z the_o engine_n describe_v plate_n 9_o e._n and_o bcd_v several_a of_o its_o appurtenance_n viz._n bcc_n snatch-block_n d_o lever_n it_o be_v office_n be_v to_o draw_v heavy_a timber_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n crow_n see_v plate_n 8._o l._n its_o office_n be_v to_o remove_v heavy_a timber_n and_o therefore_o for_o strength_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n crown_n post_n see_v plate_n 11._o h._n also_o the_o king-piece_n or_o joggle-piece_n d._n discharge_v a_o brickwall_n or_o a_o post_n trim_v up_o to_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n over_o charge_v for_o its_o bear_v be_v a_o discharge_v to_o that_o bear_v dormer_n plate_n 11._o qr_n double_a quarter_n see_v quarter_n draft_n the_o picture_n of_o a_o intend_a building_n describe_v on_o paper_n whereon_o be_v lay_v down_o the_o devise_a division_n and_o partition_n of_o every_o room_n in_o its_o due_a proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a building_n see_v numb_a 7._o §_o 13._o drag_v a_o door_n be_v say_v to_o drag_v when_o either_o by_o its_o ill_a hang_v on_o its_o hinge_n or_o by_o the_o ill_a board_v of_o the_o room_n the_o bottom_n edge_n of_o the_o door_n ride_v in_o its_o sweep_n upon_o the_o floor_n see_v §_o 19_o dragon-beam_n be_v two_o strong_a brace_n or_o strut_v that_o stand_v under_o a_o bressummer_n meet_v in_o a_o angle_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o king-piece_n in_o plate_n 11_o two_o be_v dragon_n beam_n draw_v knife_n describe_v plate_n 8._o e_o and_o §_o 5._o draw_v pin_n describe_v plate_n 8._o f_o and_o §_o 6._o drug_n describe_v plate_n 9_o e_z and_o §_o 12._o e._n enter_v when_o tenant_n be_v put_v into_o mortess_n they_o be_v say_v to_o enter_v the_o mortess_n enterduce_n or_o entertise_v describe_v plate_n 11._o cc._n f._n feather-edge_n board_n or_o plank_n that_o have_v one_o edge_n thin_a than_o another_o be_v call_v feather-edge_n stuff_n fir-pole_n a_o sort_n of_o stuff_n cut_v off_o of_o the_o fir-tree_n small_a and_o long_o common_o from_o 10_o to_o 16_o foot_n they_o be_v sometime_o use_v in_o slight_a building_n to_o serve_v instead_o of_o bauk_n and_o quarter_n flyer_n be_v stair_n make_v of_o a_o oblong_o square_a figure_n who_o fore_n and_o backside_n be_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o and_o so_o be_v their_o end_n the_o second_o of_o these_o flyer_n stand_v parallel_v behind_o the_o first_o the_o three_o behind_o the_o second_o and_o so_o be_v say_v to_o fly_v off_o from_o one_o another_o floor_n in_o carpentry_n it_o be_v as_o well_o take_v for_o the_o frame_v work_n of_o timber_n as_o the_o board_v over_o it_o footpace_n be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o stair_n whereon_o after_o four_o or_o six_o step_n you_o arrive_v to_o a_o broad_a place_n where_o you_o may_v take_v two_o or_o three_o pace_n before_o you_o ascend_v another_o step_n thereby_o to_o ease_v the_o leg_n in_o ascend_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o step_n furring_n the_o make_v good_a of_o the_o rafter_n foot_n in_o the_o cornice_n g._n gable_n or_o gable-end_n in_o plate_n 11._o jik_n gain_n the_o bevel_a shoulder_n of_o a_o joy_v or_o other_o stuff_n it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o lap_v of_o the_o end_n of_o a_o joy_v &c._n &c._n upon_o a_o trimmer_n or_o girder_n and_o then_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o shoulder_n be_v cut_v into_o the_o trimmer_n also_o bevil_v upward_o that_o it_o may_v just_o receive_v that_o gain_n and_o so_o the_o joy_v and_o trimmer_n lie_v even_o and_o level_a upon_o their_o superficies_n this_o way_n of_o work_v be_v use_v in_o a_o floor_n or_o hearth_n girder_n describe_v plate_n 10_o qq_n ground_n plate_n describe_v plate_n 11_o a._n ground_n plate_n the_o piece_n of_o ground_n a_o building_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v upon_o h._n hang_v over_o see_v batter_v hip_n describe_v plate_n 11._o i_fw-mi they_o be_v also_o call_v principal_a rafter_n and_o sleeper_n hook-pin_n describe_v plate_n 8._o f._n i._o jack_n describe_v plate_n 8._o m._n a_o engine_n use_v for_o the_o remove_n and_o commodious_a place_n of_o great_a timber_n
lathe_n ¶_o 9_o of_o the_o pole_n the_o pole_n be_v common_o make_v of_o a_o fir-pole_n and_o be_v long_a or_o short_a or_o big_a or_o small_a according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o work_n the_o workman_n design_n to_o turn_v for_o the_o thick_a the_o pole_n be_v the_o hard_a must_v the_o tread_v be_v to_o bring_v it_o down_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n if_o the_o pole_n prove_v too_o strong_a for_o their_o common_a or_o continue_a work_n they_o will_v weaken_v it_o by_o cut_v away_o with_o a_o draw-knife_n describe_v numb_a 7._o plate_n 8._o e_o and_o §_o 5._o part_v of_o the_o substance_n off_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o side_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o thick_a end_n of_o this_o pole_n be_v nail_v or_o indeed_o rather_o pin_v up_o to_o some_o girder_n or_o other_o timber_n in_o the_o ceiling_n of_o the_o room_n with_o one_o single_a nail_n or_o a_o pin_n that_o the_o pole_n may_v move_v upon_o that_o nail_n or_o pin_n as_o on_o a_o centre_n and_o its_o thin_a end_n pass_v from_o one_o puppet_n to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o work_n may_v require_v and_o at_o about_o a_o foot_n distance_n or_o more_o be_v also_o nail_v up_o to_o some_o joyst_n or_o other_o timber_n of_o the_o ceiling_n two_o cheek_n of_o a_o convenient_a strength_n and_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o these_o two_o cheek_n be_v nail_v a_o quarter_n or_o batten_n to_o bear_v the_o pole_n though_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o tread_v be_v add_v to_o it_o as_o you_o may_v see_v at_o n_o n_o in_o plate_n 12._o ¶_o 10._o of_o the_o side-r_a but_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o ceiling_n of_o the_o work-room_n be_v not_o high_a enough_o for_o the_o pole_n to_o play_v upward_o and_o downward_o therefore_o in_o such_o case_n they_o place_v the_o thin_a end_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o some_o considerable_a distance_n off_o the_o lathe_n either_o before_o or_o behind_o it_o and_o so_o make_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o pole_n horizantal_n towards_o the_o lathe_n convey_v and_o guide_v the_o string_n from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o work_n by_o throw_v it_o over_o a_o rowler_n move_v on_o two_o iron_n center-pin_n fasten_v at_o both_o end_n and_o place_v parallel_n to_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n above_o the_o work_n as_o high_a as_o they_o can_v and_o thus_o every_o tread_v draw_v the_o rowler_n about_o but_o shall_v the_o rowler_n not_o move_v about_o upon_o those_o iron_n pin_n the_o string_n every_o tread_n will_v both_o cut_v a_o groove_n in_o the_o ruler_n and_o fret_v itself_o more_o or_o less_o upon_o the_o rowler_n ¶_o 11._o of_o the_o bow_n some_o turner_n that_o work_n light_a work_n such_o as_o cane-head_n ink-horn_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o they_o need_v scarce_o remove_v the_o puppet_n off_o their_o lathe_n use_v a_o common_a bow_n such_o as_o archer_n use_v the_o middle_n of_o this_o bow_n they_o fasten_v over_o head_n with_o its_o string_n horizontal_o downward_o and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o string_n they_o fasten_v another_o string_n perpendicular_o downward_o who_o be_v other_o end_n they_o fasten_v to_o the_o treddle_v and_o the_o string_n wind_v round_o their_o work_n bring_v it_o about_o ¶_o 12._o of_o the_o great_a wheel_n but_o when_o turner_n work_n heavy_a work_n such_o as_o the_o pole_n and_o tread_n will_v not_o command_v they_o use_v the_o great_a wheel_n this_o wheel_n be_v so_o common_o know_v that_o i_o shall_v need_v give_v you_o no_o other_o description_n of_o it_o than_o the_o figure_n itself_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o plate_n 14._o a._n it_o be_v turn_v about_o with_o one_o and_o sometime_o with_o two_o iron_n handle_v according_a as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o work_n may_v require_v it_o be_v string_n have_v both_o its_o end_n strong_a and_o neat_o fasten_v together_o not_o with_o a_o knot_n but_o leap_v over_o one_o another_o about_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o so_o be_v firm_o whip_v about_o with_o small_a gut_n that_o it_o may_v the_o easy_a pass_n over_o the_o narrow_a groove_n in_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o rowler_n this_o string_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o groove_n make_v on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o wheel_n and_o also_o in_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o work_n but_o before_o it_o be_v lay_v upon_o both_o one_o part_n of_o the_o string_n be_v leap_v over_o and_o cross_v the_o other_o and_o the_o string_n receive_v the_o form_n of_o a_o figure_n of_o 8_o only_a one_o of_o its_o bow_n or_o circle_n become_v no_o big_a than_o the_o groove_n in_o the_o work_n and_o the_o other_o as_o big_a as_o the_o groove_n in_o the_o wheel_n then_o the_o whole_a frame_n wherein_o the_o wheel_n be_v fix_v be_v remove_v far_o off_o the_o lathe_n that_o the_o string_n may_v draw_v tight_a upon_o the_o work_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o string_n thus_o cross_v itself_o be_v because_o it_o will_v touch_v and_o gird_v more_o upon_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o work_n and_o consequent_o as_o be_v say_v before_o ¶_o 14._o will_n the_o better_o command_v the_o work_n about_o the_o manner_n of_o turn_v this_o wheel_n be_v as_o the_o manner_n of_o turn_v other_o wheel_n with_o handle_n beside_o the_o command_a heavy_a work_n about_o the_o wheel_n rid_v work_n fast_o off_o than_o the_o pole_n can_v do_v because_o the_o spring_a up_o of_o the_o pole_n make_v a_o intermission_n in_o the_o run_n about_o of_o the_o work_n but_o with_o the_o wheel_n the_o work_n run_v always_o the_o same_o way_n so_o that_o the_o tool_n need_v never_o be_v off_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o work_n as_o it_o be_v do_v when_o the_o wheel_n be_v use_v its_o edge_n stand_v athwart_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n ¶_o 13._o of_o the_o treddle-wheel_n this_o be_v a_o wheel_n make_v of_o a_o round_a board_n of_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a diameter_n convenient_o to_o stand_v under_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n it_o also_o have_v a_o groove_n on_o its_o edge_n for_o the_o string_n to_o run_v in_o it_o have_v a_o iron_n axis_n with_o a_o crook_n or_o crank_n at_o one_o end_n and_o on_o this_o crook_n be_v slip_v the_o noose_n of_o a_o leather_n t·hong_n which_o have_v its_o other_o end_n fasten_v to_o a_o treddle_v do_v by_o keep_v exact_a time_n in_o tread_v carry_v it_o swift_o about_o without_o intermission_n but_o the_o length_n of_o the_o thong_n must_v be_v so_o fit_v that_o when_o the_o wheel_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o crook_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o axis_n hang_v downward_o the_o end_n of_o the_o treddle_v to_o which_o the_o thong_n be_v fasten_v may_v hang_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n off_o the_o ground_n for_o then_o give_v the_o wheel_n a_o small_a turn_n with_o the_o hand_n till_o the_o crook_n rise_v to_o the_o high_a and_o pass_v a_o little_a beyond_o it_o if_o just_o then_o i_o say_v the_o workman_n give_v a_o quick_a tread_v tpon_o the_o treddle_v to_o bring_v the_o crook_n down_o again_o with_o a_o jerk_n that_o tread_n will_v set_v it_o in_o a_o motion_n for_o several_a revolution_n and_o than_o if_o he_o observe_v to_o make_v his_o next_o tread_v just_a when_o the_o crook_n come_v about_o again_o to_o the_o same_o position_n it_o will_v continue_v the_o motion_n and_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n and_o and_o keep_v the_o wheel_n always_o run_v the_o same_o way_n if_o he_o punctual_o time_n his_o tread_v the_o treddle_v wheel_n be_v use_v for_o small_a work_n only_o as_o not_o have_v strength_n enough_o to_o carry_v heavy_a work_n about_o such_o as_o cane-head_n small_a box_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v fit_v below_o the_o cheek_n between_o the_o puppet_n as_o the_o bow_n be_v above_o beside_o these_o invention_n to_o carry_v about_o the_o work_n in_o the_o lathe_n there_o be_v many_o more_o as_o with_o a_o great_a iron_n wheel_n have_v tooth_n on_o its_o edge_n which_o tooth_n be_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o iron_n nut_n upon_o a_o iron_n axis_n pitch_v upon_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o puppet_n of_o the_o lathe_n or_o fit_v into_o collar_n etc._n etc._n also_o for_o very_o heavy_a work_n as_o gun_n great_a mortar_n etc._n etc._n wheel_n turn_v with_o wind_n water_n or_o horse_n to_o carry_v the_o work_n about_o of_o which_o more_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n ¶_o 14._o of_o the_o string_n upon_o the_o thin_a end_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v wound_v a_o considerable_a bundle_n of_o string_n that_o as_o a_o mandrel_n require_v to_o be_v big_a than_o ordinary_a or_o the_o work_n heavy_a they_o may_v unwind_v so_o much_o of_o the_o string_n as_o will_v compass_v the_o mandrel_n twice_o or_o if_o the_o work_n be_v heavy_a thrice_o the_o easy_a to_o carry_v it_o about_o this_o string_n be_v make_v of_o the_o gut_n of_o beast_n most_o common_o of_o
shank_n put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o holes_n of_o the_o joint-coller_n describe_v in_o plate_n 13._o fig._n g._n that_o will_v best_o fit_v it_o which_o hole_n stand_v direct_o against_o the_o pike_n in_o the_o hinder_a puppet_n and_o receive_v the_o shank_n into_o it_o guide_v the_o mandrel_n about_o as_o if_o it_o be_v pitch_n upon_o two_o centre_n and_o the_o work_n be_v force_v stiff_o into_o the_o hollow_a of_o this_o mandrel_n will_v be_v carry_v about_o with_o it_o expose_v the_o fore-side_n of_o the_o work_n bare_a and_o free_a from_o the_o joynt-coller_n and_o not_o impede_v by_o spikes_n from_o come_v at_o the_o work_n so_o that_o with_o the_o hook_n grooving-hook_n gouge_n or_o flat-chissel_a according_a as_o your_o work_n require_v you_o may_v come_v at_o it_o to_o turn_v your_o intend_a form_n hollow_a mandrel_n be_v also_o use_v in_o collar_n that_o open_v not_o with_o a_o joint_n but_o then_o the_o spindle_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n and_o have_v a_o screw_n just_a at_o its_o end_n upon_o which_o be_v screw_v a_o block_n with_o a_o hollow_a in_o it_o make_v fit_a to_o receive_v the_o work_n stiff_a into_o it_o ¶_o 4._o of_o the_o screw-mandrel_a 4._o another_o sort_n of_o mandrel_n be_v call_v the_o screw-mandrel_a and_o be_v mark_v f_o 4._o in_o plate_n 15._o a_o the_o rowler_n of_o the_o mandrel_n b_o the_o shank_n or_o screw_v be_v make_v of_o iron_n have_v its_o two_o end_n round_o and_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o round_a end_n a_o square_a the_o length_n of_o the_o rowler_n and_o this_o square_n be_v fit_v stiff_o into_o a_o square_a hole_n make_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o rowler_n that_o it_o turn_v not_o about_o in_o the_o square_a hole_n in_o each_o flat-end_n of_o this_o iron_n shank_n or_o spindle_n be_v make_v a_o center-hole_n whereinto_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o puppet_n be_v pitch_v when_o this_o mandrel_n be_v use_v this_o iron_n shank_n or_o axis_n must_v be_v make_v very_o straight_o and_o aught_o to_o be_v turn_v 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square_n strong_a worm_n d_o the_o nut_n or_o screw_v box_n have_v also_o a_o square_a worm_n and_o be_v braze_v into_o the_o round_a box._n e_o the_o spring_n must_v be_v make_v of_o good_a steel_n and_o very_o well_o temper_v where_o note_n that_o the_o wide_a the_o two_o end_n of_o the_o spring_n stand_v asunder_o the_o wide_a it_o throw_v the_o chap_n of_o the_o vice_n open_a f_o the_o foot_n must_v be_v straight_o and_o therefore_o will_v be_v the_o strong_a to_o bear_v good_a heavy_a blow_n upon_o the_o work_n screw_v in_o the_o chap_n of_o the_o vice_n that_o it_o neither_o bow_n or_o tremble_v of_o the_o hand-vice_n of_o the_o hand-vice_n be_v two_o sort_n one_o be_v call_v the_o bread_n chapt_n hand-vice_n the_o other_o the_o squar_n nosed_a hand-vice_n the_o office_n of_o the_o hand-vice_n be_v to_o hold_v small_a work_n in_o that_o may_v require_v often_o turn_v about_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o each_o part_n of_o your_o work_n turn_v upward_o 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chap_n c_o the_o joint_n dd_v the_o handle_n of_o the_o drill_n and_o drill-bow_n drill_v be_v use_v for_o the_o make_v such_o holes_n as_o punch_n will_v not_o convenient_o serve_v for_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o work_n that_o have_v already_o its_o shape_n and_o must_v have_v a_o hole_n or_o more_o make_v in_o it_o hore_n the_o force_n of_o a_o punch_n will_v set_v your_o work_n out_o of_o order_n and_o shape_n because_o it_o will_v both_o batter_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o iron_n and_o stretch_v its_o side_n out_o the_o shank_n of_o a_o key_n also_o or_o some_o such_o long_a hole_n the_o punch_n can_v strike_v because_o the_o shank_n be_v not_o forge_v with_o substance_n sufficient_a but_o the_o drill_n though_o your_o work_n be_v file_v and_o polish_a never_o batter_v or_o stretch_v it_o but_o cut_v a_o ture_n round_a hole_n just_a in_o the_o point_n you_o first_o place_n it_o you_o must_v have_v several_a size_n of_o drill_v according_a as_o your_o work_n may_v require_v the_o 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too_o cold_a it_o will_v not_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o hammer_n as_o smith_n say_v when_o it_o will_v not_o batter_v under_o the_o hammer_n and_o if_o it_o be_v too_o hot_a it_o will_v red-sear_a that_o be_v break_v or_o crack_v under_o the_o hammer_n while_o it_o be_v work_v between_o hot_a and_o cold_a of_o the_o several_a heat_n smith_n take_v of_o their_o iron_n there_o be_v several_a degree_n of_o heat_n smith_n take_v of_o their_o iron_n each_o according_a to_o the_o purpose_n of_o their_o work_n as_o first_o a_o blood-red_n heat_n second_o a_o white_a flame_n heat_n three_o a_o sparkle_v or_o welding_n heat_n the_o blood-red_n heat_n be_v use_v when_o iron_n have_v already_o its_o form_n and_o size_n as_o sometime_o square_a bar_n and_o iron_n plate_n etc._n etc._n have_v but_o may_v want_v a_o little_a hammer_v to_o smooth_v it_o use_v then_o the_o face_n of_o your_o hand-hammer_n and_o with_o light_n flat_a blow_n hammer_v down_o the_o irregular_a rise_n into_o the_o 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venice_n etc._n etc._n but_o according_a to_o my_o observation_n and_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o most_o ingenious_a workman_n each_o country_n produce_v almost_o indifferent_o good_a and_o bad_a yet_o each_o country_n do_v not_o equal_o produce_v such_o steel_n as_o be_v fit_a for_o every_o particular_a purpose_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o steel_n that_o be_v in_o general_a use_n here_o in_o england_n be_v the_o english-steel_n the_o flemish_a the_o swedish_n the_o spanish_a and_o the_o venice-steel_n the_o english-steel_n be_v make_v in_o several_a place_n in_o england_n as_o in_o yorkshire_n gloucestershire_n sussex_n the_o wild_a of_o kent_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o best_a be_v make_v about_o the_o forest_n of_o dean_n it_o break_v fiery_a with_o somewhat_o a_o course_n grain_n but_o if_o it_o be_v well_o wrought_v and_o prove_v sound_a it_o make_v good_a edge-tool_n file_n and_o punch_n it_o will_v work_v well_o at_o the_o forge_n and_o take_v a_o good_a heat_n the_o flemish-steel_n be_v make_v in_o germany_n in_o the_o country_n of_o stiermark_n and_o in_o the_o land_n of_o luyck_n from_o thence_o bring_v to_o colen_n and_o be_v therefore_o sometime_o call_v colen-steel_n from_o colen_n it_o be_v bring_v down_o the_o river_n rhine_n to_o dort_n and_o other_o part_n of_o holland_n and_o flanders_n some_o in_o bar_n and_o some_o in_o gad_n and_o be_v therefore_o by_o we_o call_v flemish-steel_n and_o sometime_o gad-steel_n it_o be_v a_o tough_a sort_n of_o steel_n and_o the_o only_a steel_n use_v for_o watch_n spring_v it_o be_v also_o good_a for_o punch_n file-cutter_n also_o use_v it_o to_o make_v their_o chissel_v of_o with_o which_o they_o cut_v their_o file_n it_o break_v with_o a_o fine_a grain_n work_v well_o at_o the_o forge_n and_o will_v take_v a_o weld_v heat_n i_o can_v learn_v that_o any_o steel_n come_v from_o sweden_n but_o from_o dantzick_n come_v some_o which_o be_v call_v swedish-steel_n it_o be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o quality_n and_o fineness_n with_o flemish-steel_n the_o spanish-steel_n be_v make_v about_o biscany_n it_o be_v a_o fine_a sort_n of_o steel_n but_o some_o of_o it_o very_o difficult_a to_o work_v at_o the_o forge_n because_o it_o will_v not_o take_v a_o good_a heat_n and_o it_o sometime_o prove_v very_o unsound_a as_o not_o be_v well_o curry_v that_o be_v well_o wrought_v it_o be_v too_o quick_a as_o workman_n call_v it_o that_o be_v too_o brittle_a for_o spring_n or_o punch_n but_o make_v good_a fine_a edge_v tool_n venice-steel_n be_v much_o like_a spanish-steel_n but_o more_o fine_a and_o work_v somewhat_o better_a at_o the_o forge_n it_o be_v use_v for_o razor_n chirurgion_n instrument_n graver_n etc._n etc._n because_o it_o will_v come_v to_o a_o fine_a and_o thin_a edge_n razor-maker_n general_o clap_v a_o small_a bar_n of_o venice-steel_n between_o two_o small_a bar_n of_o flemish-steel_n and_o so_o work_v or_o wield_v they_o 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boyl_n have_v be_v very_o careful_a and_o industrious_a in_o that_o inquiry_n give_v it_o in_o particular_a charge_n to_o some_o traveller_n to_o damascus_n to_o bring_v home_o a_o account_n of_o it_o but_o when_o they_o come_v thither_o they_o hear_v of_o none_o make_v there_o but_o be_v send_v about_o fifty_o mile_n far_o into_o the_o country_n and_o then_o they_o be_v tell_v of_o about_o fifty_o mile_n far_o than_o that_o so_o that_o no_o certain_a account_n can_v be_v gain_v where_o it_o be_v make_v kirman_n towards_o the_o ocean_n afford_v very_o fine_a steel_n of_o which_o they_o make_v weapon_n high_o prize_v for_o a_o scimitar_n of_o that_o steel_n will_v cut_v through_o a_o helmet_n with_o a_o easy_a blow_n geog._n rect._n fol._n 279._o the_o rule_n to_o know_v good_a steel_n by_o break_v a_o little_a piece_n of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o rod_n and_o observe_v how_o it_o break_v for_o good_a steel_n break_v short_a off_o all_o gray_a like_a frost_n work_v silver_n but_o in_o the_o break_n of_o the_o bad_a you_o will_v find_v some_o vein_n of_o iron_n shine_v and_o double_v in_o the_o steel_n of_o neal_v of_o steel_n have_v choose_v your_o steel_n and_o forge_v it_o to_o your_o intend_a shape_n if_o you_o be_v either_o to_o file_v upon_o it_o or_o engrave_v upon_o it_o or_o to_o punch_n upon_o it_o you_o ought_v to_o neal_n it_o first_o because_o it_o will_v make_v it_o foft_a and_o consequent_o work_v easy_o the_o common_a way_n be_v to_o give_v it_o a_o blood-red-heat_n in_o the_o fire_n then_o take_v it_o out_o and_o let_v it_o cool_v of_o itself_o there_o be_v some_o pretender_n to_o know_v how_o to_o make_v steel_n as_o soft_a as_o lead_v but_o so_o oft_o as_o my_o curiosity_n have_v prompt_v i_o to_o try_v their_o pretend_a process_n so_o oft_o have_v they_o fail_v