Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	foot_n	inch_n	square_a	1,999	5	12.7166	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44172	An essay touching the gravitation, or non-gravitation of fluid bodies, and the reasons thereof	Hale, Matthew, Sir, 1609-1676.	1673 (1673)	Wing H244; ESTC R16205	22,218	94

i_o shall_v now_o consider_v the_o gravitation_n of_o solid_n not_o unite_v and_o cement_v together_o either_o by_o contunity_n of_o part_n or_o that_o which_o may_v be_v equivalent_a lime_n cement_n or_o mortar_n as_o in_o brick-wal_n or_o house_n but_o of_o such_o solid_n as_o be_v unite_v only_o by_o contiguity_n i_o will_v therefore_o suppose_v a_o pyramid_n or_o if_o you_o will_v a_o pillar_n or_o wall_n for_o it_o will_v come_v all_o to_o one_o pass_n have_v a_o foundation_n of_o twelve_o stone_n every_o way_n a_o foot_n square_a and_o pile_v up_o one_o upon_o another_o break_v off_o joint_a according_a to_o art_n of_o masoncy_n but_o without_o cement_n or_o mortar_n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v twelve_o foot_n square_a at_o the_o base_a according_a to_o this_o figure_n 03_o and_o consequent_o the_o area_n at_o the_o base_a be_v 144_o square_a foot_n in_o this_o figure_n these_o thing_n be_v observable_a the_o upper_a stone_n mark_v 1_o be_v support_v by_o the_o four_o next_o stone_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v bottom_v and_o each_o of_o these_o four_o stone_n bear_v but_o a_o four_o part_n of_o its_o weight_n the_o next_o row_n of_o stone_n be_v nine_a bear_v each_o of_o they_o but_o a_o nine_o part_n of_o the_o uppermost_a and_o the_o four_o next_o which_o be_v proportionable_o abate_v to_o the_o lowermost_a row_v now_o suppose_v that_o the_o ground_n or_o basis_n whereupon_o it_o rest_v subject_v under_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pyramid_n namely_o the_o square_a of_o sixteen_o square_a stone_n which_o make_v sixteen_o square_a foot_n be_v gentle_o take_v away_o yet_o there_o will_v not_o thereupon_o sink_v a_o column_n of_o sixteen_o square_a foot_n extend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pyramid_n for_o two_o plain_a mechanical_a reason_n 1._o because_o that_o column_n be_v not_o mere_o support_v by_o the_o base_a of_o sixteen_o square_a foot_n but_o by_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o whole_a pile_n and_o it_o will_v stand_v like_o a_o arch_n over_o that_o cavity_n which_o will_v happen_v upon_o the_o removal_n of_o these_o fourteen_o stone_n and_o those_o that_o be_v entire_o support_v by_o they_o 2._o because_o the_o weight_n &_o the_o renitence_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pile_n will_v keep_v up_o the_o pyramid_n if_o it_o have_v a_o sufficient_a weight_n by_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o pile_n to_o bear_v one_o against_o another_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o lay_n of_o a_o floor_n of_o grain_n of_o wheat_n in_o a_o floor_n of_o about_o 42_o foot_n circumference_n and_o place_v a_o egg_n nay_o a_o eggshell_n or_o glass-bubble_n perforate_v that_o there_o may_v be_v the_o less_o pretence_n of_o resistance_n by_o its_o plenitude_n of_o air_n let_v this_o eggshell_n or_o bubble_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o floor_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v injure_v mere_o by_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o floor_n then_o gentle_o cover_v it_o with_o more_o wheat_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n deep_a then_o pour_v upon_o it_o 20_o or_o 40_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n that_o the_o eggshell_n or_o bubble_n may_v lie_v above_o ten_o foot_n under_o the_o top_n of_o the_o heap_n yet_o this_o eggshell_n or_o bubble_n shall_v not_o be_v break_v and_o yet_o take_v a_o glass_n or_o wooden_a hollow_a cylinder_n commensurate_n in_o base_a to_o the_o eggshell_n or_o bubble_n and_o four_o foot_n long_o stop_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o lay_v it_o gentle_o upon_o the_o eggshell_n or_o bubble_n it_o shall_v with_o its_o weight_n crush_v it_o to_o piece_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v 1._o because_o that_o every_o subject_v grain_n of_o wheat_n bear_v two_o three_o or_o four_o above_o it_o and_o so_o the_o eggshell_n be_v not_o press_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o whole_a cylinder_n of_o wheat_n of_o ten_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o proportionable_a in_o the_o base_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o eggshell_n but_o at_o the_o most_o with_o a_o small_a little_a cone_n of_o wheat_n perchance_o not_o two_o inch_n high_a so_o that_o the_o eggshell_n and_o its_o little_a cap_n or_o cone_n of_o wheat_n stand_v as_o under_o a_o arch_n support_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o grain_n in_o the_o whole_a heap_n 2._o although_o the_o grain_n of_o wheat_n be_v of_o visible_a and_o considerable_a bulk_n yet_o the_o position_n of_o the_o heap_n of_o wheat_n direct_v every_o grain_n of_o wheat_n pour_v upon_o the_o heap_n accidental_o to_o a_o lateral_a pressure_n per_fw-la declive_a which_o refract_v their_o perpendicular_a gravitation_n but_o of_o this_o more_o particular_o and_o evident_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o gravitation_n of_o fluids_n and_o in_o conformity_n to_o these_o or_o one_o of_o these_o reason_n i_o take_v a_o cylinder_n of_o deal_n board_v nail_v together_o and_o open_a at_o both_o end_n of_o about_o two_o foot_n long_o and_o six_o inch_n square_a in_o the_o concave_a diana_n and_o take_v two_o half_n of_o a_o eggshell_n empty_v and_o clap_v they_o together_o which_o will_v not_o sustain_v half_o a_o pound_n weight_n put_v upon_o they_o without_o a_o total_a crush_a of_o they_o this_o eggshell_n i_o lay_v in_o a_o little_a bed_n of_o calais_n sand_n and_o then_o put_v my_o hollow_a cylinder_n upon_o it_o and_o pour_v into_o it_o gentle_o calais_n sand_n till_o i_o have_v fill_v my_o cylinder_n to_o the_o top_n which_o contain_v about_o four_o pound_n weight_n of_o sand_n and_o that_o very_o dry_a and_o then_o upon_o the_o sand_n i_o place_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o pound_n weight_n of_o lead_n and_o careful_o lay_v down_o my_o cylinder_n of_o sand_n i_o find_v yet_o my_o eggshell_n in_o the_o same_o state_n as_o at_o first_o without_o the_o least_o bruise_v yea_o and_o lift_v up_o the_o cylinder_n of_o sand_n i_o find_v it_o so_o compact_a that_o it_o will_v not_o whole_o go_v out_o but_o remain_v suspend_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o i_o attribute_v and_o as_o i_o think_v true_o to_o the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o sand_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n whereby_o these_o minute_n particle_n be_v drive_v to_o lean_v one_o against_o another_o so_o hard_a that_o they_o retain_v a_o kind_n of_o solidity_n by_o this_o renitence_n and_o i_o think_v in_o this_o experiment_n i_o have_v no_o need_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o a_o intelligent_a hylarchical_a principle_n that_o suspend_v the_o sand_n from_o gravitation_n nor_o to_o that_o other_o difficult_a solution_n from_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o subject_v body_n but_o mere_o to_o those_o two_o former_o mention_v viz._n 1._o that_o each_o particle_n of_o sand_n sustain_v mechanical_o the_o incumbent_a particle_n and_o leave_v my_o eggshell_n as_o it_o be_v under_o a_o arch_n be_v press_v not_o with_o a_o cylinder_n oâ—_n sand_n proportionable_a to_o its_o base_a buâ—_n at_o most_o with_o a_o small_a cap_n or_o conâ—_n of_o sand_n that_o do_v not_o considerable_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o it_o 2._o that_o though_o the_o sand_n be_v no_o fluid_a body_n yet_o the_o smallness_n of_o its_o corpuscle_n have_v a_o accidental_a lateral_a direction_n per_fw-la deelive_o against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o lateral_a direction_n refract_v the_o perpendicular_a gravitation_n of_o the_o sand_n as_o will_v be_v show_v more_o when_o we_o come_v to_o consider_v of_o the_o gravitation_n of_o fluids_n which_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o this_o instance_n and_o because_o i_o propose_v to_o prosecute_v this_o trial_n far_o i_o make_v a_o experiment_n by_o a_o heavy_a body_n namely_o leaden_a hailshot_a i_o take_v a_o cylinder_n of_o latin_a ware_n about_o two_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o 10_o inch_n deep_a open_a at_o both_o end_n which_o hold_v about_o six_o pound_n of_o shot_n i_o place_v it_o close_o to_o a_o table_n and_o fill_v it_o and_o then_o gentle_o take_v it_o from_o the_o table_n the_o shot_n subside_v expanded_a into_o a_o compass_n of_o a_o foot_n diameter_n i_o than_o take_v the_o end_n of_o a_o eggshell_n compressible_a with_o less_o than_o a_o pound_n weight_n place_v it_o in_o a_o little_a box_n that_o be_v receptible_a within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o round_o with_o shot_n that_o it_o may_v not_o receive_v injury_n by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o shot_n through_o the._n cylinder_n and_o then_o clap_v the_o cylinder_n upon_o it_o fill_v it_o up_o with_o about_o six_o pound_n of_o shot_n but_o upon_o the_o open_n of_o it_o the_o eggshell_n be_v not_o damnify_v then_o i_o try_v it_o by_o a_o insect_n namely_o put_v in_o a_o beetle_n into_o the_o box_n and_o cover_v he_o with_o shot_n so_o that_o the_o fall_n of_o shot_n from_o a_o high_a place_n may_v not_o damnisie_v he_o then_o put_v my_o cylinder_n over_o the_o box_n fill_v it_o up_o with_o six_o pound_n of_o leaden_a shot_n and_o then_o open_v

what_o i_o mean_v and_o his_o own_o observation_n will_v furnish_v he_o with_o experiment_n either_o to_o confute_v or_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v say_v and_o thus_o far_o touch_v the_o non-gravitation_a of_o water_n &_o the_o reason_n thereof_o which_o may_v be_v as_o i_o think_v applicable_a to_o all_o other_o fluid_a body_n as_o oil_n yea_o quicksilver_n it_o self_n at_o least_o in_o a_o great_a degree_n and_o by_o analogy_n of_o reason_n though_o i_o have_v not_o have_v opportunity_n to_o experiment_n it_o chap._n ix_o certain_a consequence_n or_o consectary_n draw_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o express_v in_o the_o two_o former_a chapter_n these_o thing_n seem_v natural_o to_o follow_v 1._o that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o that_o fluid_a body_n 2._o that_o if_o any_o body_n of_o equal_a weight_n with_o the_o fluid_a be_v within_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o fluid_a body_n the_o fluid_a body_n do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o it_o nor_o it_o upon_o the_o subject_v fluid_a body_n but_o every_o part_n hold_v its_o station_n 3._o that_o a_o fluid_a body_n contain_v within_o a_o solid_a vessel_n do_v not_o with_o its_o full_a weight_n gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o base_a of_o that_o vessel_n that_o contain_v it_o as_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o bucket_n do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la with_o its_o full_a weight_n upon_o the_o entire_a base_a that_o sustain_v it_o and_o this_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o natural_a consistency_n and_o frame_n of_o fluids_n not_o pure_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o mechanical_a sustentation_n which_o must_v be_v agree_v somewhere_o to_o gravitate_fw-la though_o not_o upon_o all_o part_n as_o have_v be_v show_v 4._o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o entire_a bulk_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o vessel_n might_n gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o entire_a base_a which_o yet_o be_v not_o admit_v yet_o the_o parallel_a part_n of_o water_n do_v not_o entire_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o a_o part_n proportionable_a to_o they_o for_o instance_n suppose_v a_o cube_n of_o water_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o nine_o inch_n square_a if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o whole_a cube_n shall_v gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o base_a yet_o the_o column_n of_o three_o inch_n square_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cube_n will_v not_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o three_o inch_n square_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o base_a of_o the_o cube_n even_o for_o the_o mechanical_a reason_n above_o give_v 5._o that_o consequent_o no_o body_n heavy_a than_o water_n in_o the_o base_a of_o fund_z do_v sustain_v a_o weight_n of_o water_n proportionable_a to_o such_o a_o column_n of_o water_n as_o be_v in_o the_o base_a and_o top_n commensurate_a to_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o body_n in_o the_o fund_z or_o bottom_n i_o shall_v add_v this_o unpolished_a experiment_n for_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o chap._n namely_o i_o make_v a_o experiment_n touch_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o lead_n in_o several_a depth_n of_o water_n i_o can_v build_v much_o upon_o it_o because_o my_o opportunity_n for_o it_o be_v not_o exact_a nor_o such_o as_o other_o may_v have_v yet_o i_o shall_v offer_v it_o other_o may_v make_v or_o possible_o have_v make_v it_o with_o more_o exactness_n i_o take_v a_o flat_a round_a cake_n of_o lead_n of_o four_o inch_n diameter_n and_o make_v four_o hole_n in_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o it_o i_o suspend_v it_o parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n upon_o a_o packthrid_n of_o five_o foot_n long_o and_o hang_v it_o to_o the_o end_n of_o a_o balance_n like_o the_o dish_n or_o scale_n and_o counterpoise_v the_o lead_n and_o packthrid_n by_o a_o weight_n impose_v in_o the_o other_o scale_n the_o lead_n and_o packthrid_n in_o arido_fw-la weigh_n ten_o ounce_n and_o as_o much_o as_o the_o dish_n wherein_o the_o ten_o ounce_n be_v place_v which_o possible_o may_v be_v about_o two_o ounce_n more_o in_o all_o about_o 12_o ounce_n in_o a_o vessel_n above_o four_o foot_n deep_a in_o water_n i_o immerse_v the_o lead_n four_o foot_n deep_a in_o water_n and_o then_o as_o it_o needs_o must_v by_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o medium_n it_o lose_v part_n of_o its_o gravitation_n and_o weigh_v only_o eight_o ounce_n Â½_o Â¼_n beside_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o opposite_a scale_n then_o take_v up_o the_o string_n short_a i_o immerse_v it_o only_o in_o a_o foot_n depth_n of_o water_n but_o yet_o it_o gain_v no_o more_o weight_n that_o i_o can_v perceive_v but_o weigh_v as_o before_o one_o ounce_n Â½_o Â¼_n but_o indeed_o immerse_v it_o only_o in_o one_o inch_n of_o water_n below_o the_o superficies_n it_o increase_v its_o weight_n near_o â…›_n of_o of_o a_o ounce_n for_o the_o lead_v weigh_v one_o ounce_n Â½_o Â¼_n â…›_n of_o a_o ounce_n or_o very_o near_o thereabouts_o beside_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o opposite_a scale_n or_o dish_n by_o this_o rude_a experiment_n it_o seem_v the_o column_n of_o four_o foot_n of_o water_n gravitate_v no_o more_o than_o one_o foot_n of_o water_n for_o if_o it_o have_v any_o accession_n of_o weight_n it_o be_v not_o perceptible_a yet_o according_a to_o stevinus_n calculation_n in_o his_o four_o book_n of_o his_o hydrostatic_o which_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o altogether_o allow_v that_o a_o cubique_a foot_n of_o water_n weigh_v 65_o pound_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o column_n of_o 4._o foot_n amount_v to_o about_o 567_o square_a inch_n which_o be_v about_o 8_o pound_n but_o the_o column_n of_o one_o foot_n be_v but_o 144_o inch_n which_o be_v but_o about_o two_o pound_n weight_n of_o water_n i_o do_v not_o trouble_v myself_o with_o curiosity_n in_o calculation_n but_o it_o suffice_v to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o imperceptibleness_n or_o at_o least_o inconsiderableness_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o gravitation_n of_o water_n in_o various_a depth_n chap._n x._o concern_v the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o air._n i_o do_v not_o intend_v here_o to_o make_v any_o large_a discourse_n upon_o this_o point_n because_o indeed_o it_o deserve_v a_o large_a examination_n than_o this_o portion_n of_o paper_n that_o remain_v will_v afford_v to_o unrivet_v that_o opinion_n touch_v the_o gravitation_n of_o free_a air_n with_o which_o many_o have_v please_v themselves_o and_o thereby_o endeavour_v to_o reduce_v the_o solution_n of_o problem_n and_o appearance_n in_o nature_n but_o be_v therein_o as_o i_o think_v deceive_v that_o the_o air_n may_v have_v gravitation_n it_o be_v seclude_v from_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n by_o a_o vessel_n as_o well_o as_o water_n as_o in_o a_o bladder_n none_o that_o i_o know_v do_v much_o deny_v that_o the_o interspersion_n in_o the_o air_n of_o halitus_fw-la terrestres_fw-la &_o vapores_fw-la aquosi_n may_v have_v and_o have_v some_o gravitation_n more_o than_o what_o belong_v to_o pure_a air_n i_o shall_v not_o question_v but_o that_o the_o air_n yea_o or_o atmosphere_n have_v that_o prodigious_a gravitation_n that_o the_o late_a master_n of_o experiment_n have_v attribute_v to_o it_o be_v i_o suppose_v a_o mistake_a assertion_n as_o for_o instance_n that_o upon_o a_o restagnant_fw-la vessel_n of_o three_o inch_n diameter_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a column_n of_o air_n actual_o gravitate_v upon_o that_o restagnant_fw-la vessel_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o commensurate_a to_o the_o base_a thereof_o and_o extend_v from_o the_o same_o to_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v 6_o or_o 7_o mile_n shall_v counterpoise_v a_o suspend_v column_n of_o quicksilver_n which_o may_v be_v 2_o 3_o 4_o or_o 5_o pound_n according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o tube_n this_o i_o say_v seem_v to_o i_o but_o a_o imagination_n and_o impossible_a to_o be_v true_a and_o will_v choke_v all_o animal_n on_o the_o earth_n in_o two_o minute_n if_o it_o be_v so_o for_o the_o plain_a truth_n be_v the_o air_n no_o nor_o yet_o the_o atmosphere_n notwithstanding_o its_o interspersion_n have_v no_o considerable_a gravitation_n upon_o subject_v body_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v in_o effect_n before_o give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o water_n and_o its_o gravitation_n but_o with_o much_o great_a advantage_n applicable_a to_o the_o air._n 1._o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o only_a quid_fw-la continuum_fw-la but_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v so_o contiguate_v like_o a_o net_n that_o each_o part_n support_v another_o and_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a that_o one_o part_n shall_v gravitate_fw-la considerable_o upon_o any_o subject_v body_n as_o the_o arch_n of_o westminster_n abby_n shall_v gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o people_n in_o the_o church_n 2._o the_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la and_o consequent_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o air_n be_v quoquoversum_fw-la viz._n sursum_fw-la deorsum_fw-la dextrorsum_fw-la sinistrorsum_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o will_v come_v down_o my_o chimney_n and_o in_o at_o my_o door_n and_o up_o my_o stair_n and_o these_o various_a conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o its_o particle_n do_v necessary_o refract_v any_o gravitation_n that_o it_o may_v imaginable_o have_v per_fw-la lineam_fw-la perpendicularem_fw-la descensus_fw-la and_o render_v it_o equable_v and_o disengage_v from_o any_o one_o line_n of_o presence_n and_o by_o this_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la i_o mean_v not_o that_o imaginary_a elaterium_n which_o some_o have_v call_v in_o to_o the_o aid_n of_o their_o solution_n of_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n which_o i_o must_v needs_o say_v needs_o more_o help_n than_o one_o for_o though_o air_n violent_o compress_v as_o in_o wind-gun_n have_v its_o conatus_fw-la of_o restitution_n to_o its_o natural_a staple_n and_o be_v expanded_a by_o rarifaction_n have_v its_o natural_a motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la of_o restitution_n to_o its_o due_a consistency_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o torricellian_a and_o divers_a other_o experiment_n yet_o the_o great_a elaterium_n of_o the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a consistence_n call_v in_o by_o some_o to_o help_v at_o a_o lift_n as_o it_o have_v little_a evidence_n so_o it_o contribute_v less_o to_o the_o solution_n indeed_o it_o have_v a_o fluidity_n great_a than_o water_n and_o therefore_o be_v movable_a to_o all_o place_n for_o its_o reception_n it_o be_v compressible_a which_o water_n be_v not_o but_o for_o any_o elaterium_fw-la or_o such_o considerable_a expansion_n of_o itself_o as_o to_o offer_v any_o force_n to_o other_o body_n seem_v unwarrant_v by_o reason_n or_o experience_n or_o common_a sense_n unless_o where_o by_o violence_n or_o accident_n compress_v or_o expanded_a beyond_o its_o natural_a size_n but_o i_o do_v not_o at_o present_a pursue_v this_o matter_n to_o all_o its_o refuge_n it_o require_v more_o time_n and_o paper_n and_o will_v exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o my_o intend_a pamphlet_n and_o beside_o the_o discussion_n beforego_v touch_v the_o reason_n of_o non-gravitation_a of_o water_n render_v that_o concern_v non-gravitation_a of_o air_n easy_o intelligible_a and_o applicable_a to_o it_o with_o much_o great_a advantage_n of_o reason_n and_o evidence_n finis_fw-la

Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

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