the_o level_n make_v with_o a_o hollow_a concave_n for_o the_o water_n to_o lie_v hide_v from_o the_o wind_n and_o to_o come_v up_o in_o two_o cup_n above_o the_o wood_n plant_v in_o the_o level_n and_o sight_n plant_v very_o artificial_o thereto_o the_o water_n in_o each_o cup_n hold_v his_o just_a proportion_n to_o both_o sight_n and_o this_o be_v a_o very_a good_a one_o but_o very_o troublesome_a to_o remove_v up_o and_o down_o and_o to_o make_v dispatch_n when_o one_o have_v need_n and_o in_o this_o second_o form_n be_v sir_n edward_n peto_n his_o level_n make_v very_o costly_a level_n and_o the_o sight_n of_o good_a value_n who_o ingenuity_n be_v very_o great_a and_o the_o instrument_n very_o good_a and_o rich_a but_o a_o little_a troublesome_a to_o carry_v up_o and_o down_o but_o i_o rather_o choose_v a_o plain_a piece_n which_o be_v very_o portable_a devise_v and_o it_o be_v make_v to_o fold_v into_o another_o square_a staff_n and_o so_o to_o carry_v like_o a_o hunting-pole_n 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the_o next_o be_v the_o trenching-plough_n or_o coulter_n who_o special_a use_n be_v to_o cut_v out_o the_o trench_n on_o both_o side_n with_o great_a expedition_n plough_n which_o be_v thus_o make_v take_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o best_a tough_a willow_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o spade-stayl_a somewhat_o straight_o only_o at_o the_o nether_a end_n it_o must_v look_v upward_o with_o a_o neck_n like_o a_o foot_n which_o must_v run_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o just_a above_o the_o neck_n must_v be_v a_o iron_n or_o little_a coulter_n about_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o butcher_n knife_n plant_v in_o the_o stayl_n where_o the_o stayl_n must_v be_v plate_v with_o iron_n curious_o let_v into_o the_o wood_n on_o both_o side_n through_o which_o as_o also_o the_o wood_n the_o tange_fw-la of_o the_o coulter_n must_v come_v with_o a_o cotter-hole_n in_o it_o above_o to_o cotter_v it_o close_o to_o the_o over-side_n of_o the_o staff_n or_o rather_o have_v two_o coulter_n one_o about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_o and_o strong_a than_o the_o other_o that_o so_o in_o soft_a deep_a ground_n thou_o may_v use_v the_o long_a and_o in_o dry_a ground_n the_o short_a who_o use_n be_v when_o that_o thou_o have_v cast_v out_o thy_o trench_n and_o set_v thy_o line_n thou_o may_v with_o this_o run_v along_o thy_o line_n and_o cut_v out_o one_o side_n of_o thy_o trench_n almost_o as_o fast_o as_o a_o man_n can_v follow_v it_o and_o then_o set_v out_o thy_o other_o side_n and_o cut_v it_o out_o also_o but_o if_o thou_o study_v more_o exactness_n then_o in_o the_o foot_n of_o thy_o staff_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o thy_o foot_n plant_v a_o little_a brazâ—n_n wheel_n about_o four_o inch_n high_a that_o so_o the_o foot_n may_v bear_v itself_o a_o little_a upon_o the_o wheel_n which_o will_v occasion_v it_o to_o run_v more_o pleasant_o but_o the_o wheel_n must_v also_o be_v curious_o plant_v into_o the_o foot_n with_o plate_n and_o upon_o a_o iron_n axletree_n wherewith_o thou_o may_v cut_v out_o a_o perch_n whilst_o some_o will_v be_v cut_v out_o two_o yard_n and_o more_o true_a and_o certain_a and_o so_o also_o may_v thou_o use_v it_o speedy_o to_o cut_v out_o thy_o turâ—_n overthwart_o thy_o trench_n about_o eighteen_o inch_n or_o twenty_o inch_n abroad_o a_o fit_a proportion_n to_o be_v take_v up_o or_o sometime_o two_o foot_n broad_a for_o if_o thou_o will_v take_v up_o all_o thy_o turf_n as_o curious_o cut_v square_a and_o pare_v up_o about_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n thick_a all_o of_o one_o thickness_n just_a at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n as_o aforesaid_a of_o which_o thou_o may_v make_v exceed_v great_a use_n which_o thou_o must_v preserve_v most_o choice_o for_o therewith_o thou_o may_v cover_v thy_o bare_a place_n of_o earth_n or_o any_o low_a place_n that_o thou_o will_v raise_v up_o to_o a_o level_n and_o may_v have_v as_o good_a grass_n upon_o it_o within_o half_a a_o year_n better_a than_o upon_o the_o other_o land_n for_o the_o take_n up_o of_o which_o turf_n thou_o must_v make_v a_o spade_n on_o purpose_n with_o a_o bit_n look_v up_o twice_o so_o much_o as_o our_o ordinary_a spade_n do_v spade_n with_o a_o curious_a thin_a shoe_n look_v up_o also_o who_o bit_n must_v be_v exceed_o well_o steel_v and_o more_o broad_a at_o the_o point_n or_o nether_a end_n of_o the_o bit_n than_o at_o the_o over_o end_n of_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o not_o above_o by_o no_o mean_n which_o will_v take_v up_o the_o turf_n all_o at_o one_o thickness_n just_a at_o the_o natural_a height_n a_o man_n use_v it_o as_o he_o stand_v to_o shovell_a earth_n before_o he_o this_o spade_n be_v admirable_a useful_a to_o cleanse_v the_o bottom_n of_o trench_n for_o which_o use_v it_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o have_v another_o a_o inch_n and_o half_o narrow_a than_o the_o former_a for_o lesser_a and_o narrow_a trench_n which_o spade_n the_o broad_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v more_o speedy_a and_o more_o easy_a for_o bank_v and_o level_v high_a place_n and_o great_a ant-hill_n by_o far_o than_o other_o common_a spade_n be_v there_o be_v another_o tool_n or_o two_o as_o useful_a in_o these_o work_n spade_n and_o no_o less_o necessary_a and_o this_o be_v the_o pare_a spade_n or_o divide_v iron_n who_o bit_n may_v be_v make_v all_o of_o iron_n be_v a_o strong_a iron_n plate_n with_o a_o good_a strong_a socket_n to_o put_v a_o straight_o tough_a stale_a or_o helve_z into_z it_o must_v be_v make_v just_o straight_o every_o way_n the_o bit_n must_v be_v make_v twenty_o inch_n long_o the_o two_o side_n and_o nether_a end_n all_o well_o steel_v the_o nether_a part_n of_o the_o bit_n a_o little_a belly_a or_o square_a and_o the_o side_n a_o little_a hollow_a or_o compass_v and_o the_o end_n and_o side_n as_o sharp_a as_o they_o can_v be_v make_v for_o the_o especial_a use_n of_o this_o be_v now_o and_o then_o to_o cut_v out_o a_o trench_n in_o valley_n spade_n and_o low_a place_n where_o thy_o plough_n can_v come_v at_o it_o but_o principal_o to_o pare_v old_a trench_n after_o the_o first_o year_n who_o edge_n will_v grow_v so_o thick_a with_o grass_n that_o thou_o can_v not_o get_v thy_o water_n to_o pass_v current_o and_o to_o dig_v it_o will_v break_v thy_o trench_n &_o cut_v it_o too_o thick_a but_o with_o this_o thou_o may_v cut_v it_o as_o with_o a_o cut_v knife_n all_o along_o thy_o trench_n or_o line_n very_o fast_o and_o most_o complete_a thy_o stail_n need_v not_o be_v so_o long_o as_o a_o natural_a spade-stail_a it_o must_v be_v keep_v clean_a and_o bright_a and_o it_o will_v work_v exceed_o easy_a and_o thy_o ordinary_a spade_n also_o the_o better_a
well_o be_v too_o precise_a and_o better_a plough_n can_v be_v make_v than_o their_o country_n afford_v and_o can_v better_o have_v be_v devise_v they_o will_v long_o since_o with_o hundred_o more_o so_o childish_a as_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o answer_n but_o these_o exceed_o stifle_v and_o choke_v invention_n and_o will_v do_v my_o reader_n imitation_n of_o these_o rude_a discovery_n chap._n xxix_o the_o second_o general_n whereby_o i_o shall_v descend_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o several_a plough_n in_o use_n and_o show_v you_o the_o defect_n in_o some_o and_o the_o advantage_n other_o have_v and_o what_o addition_n i_o can_v give_v both_o from_o my_o own_o observation_n or_o otherwise_o to_o make_v up_o as_o complete_a a_o easy_a plough_n as_o my_o experience_n will_v make_v out_o i_o shall_v therefore_o confine_v my_o discourse_n to_o three_o or_o four_o sort_n of_o plough_n first_o the_o wheel-plough_n i_o mean_v the_o double_a wheel_a plough_n 2._o the_o single_a wheel_a plough_n and_o the_o foot_n plough_n 3._o the_o simple_a plain_a plough_n without_o wheel_n or_o foot_n 4._o the_o dutch_a bastard_n or_o plain_a dutch_a plough_n many_o other_o sort_n there_o be_v as_o some_o altar_n in_o their_o head_n some_o in_o their_o beam_n some_o in_o their_o stilt_n etc._n etc._n and_o most_o in_o their_o share_n and_o all_o almost_o according_a to_o the_o country_n of_o which_o they_o be_v of_o all_o which_o it_o be_v too_o endless_a to_o discourse_v but_o i_o only_o name_v these_o because_o i_o conceive_v all_o these_o useful_a in_o some_o sort_n of_o land_n or_o other_o and_o a_o good_a husband_n have_v need_n be_v store_v with_o two_o or_o three_o sort_n of_o they_o at_o all_o time_n especial_o he_o that_o have_v several_a sort_n of_o land_n of_o all_o which_o i_o shall_v say_v but_o little_a yet_o a_o word_n of_o each_o but_o i_o shall_v reserve_v the_o main_a of_o my_o discourse_n for_o those_o very_a particular_a branch_n of_o the_o plough_n that_o shall_v make_v out_o that_o i_o shall_v give_v ease_n thereto_o and_o first_o as_o for_o the_o double_a wheel_a plough_n common_o call_v the_o wheel-ploug_a and_o be_v of_o most_o constant_a use_n in_o hartfordshire_n and_o many_o up-country_n and_o be_v very_o useful_a upon_o all_o flinty_a stony_a or_o hard_a gravel_n or_o any_o other_o hard_a land_n whatsoever_o after_o it_o come_v to_o be_v beyond_o its_o natural_a temper_n be_v a_o excellent_a good_a form_n &_o a_o very_a useful_a plough_n and_o very_o necessary_a that_o all_o great_a corn-master_n have_v one_o of_o these_o for_o strength_n that_o so_o he_o may_v not_o force_v his_o other_o blow_n which_o be_v make_v on_o purpose_n for_o land_n in_o a_o tillable_n condition_n &_o so_o be_v make_v more_o light_a &_o portable_a than_o these_o will_v bear_v to_o be_v but_o these_o will_v go_v and_o work_v well_o with_o a_o great_a strength_n when_o other_o plough_n will_v not_o to_o any_o purpose_n and_o because_o much_o addition_n of_o ease_n can_v be_v give_v to_o this_o plough_n which_o i_o shall_v not_o advise_v to_o but_o in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a when_o and_o where_o other_o plough_n can_v work_v these_o land_n be_v under_o a_o extreme_a and_o as_o to_o such_o extreme_n nor_o none_o else_o will_v any_o ordinary_a rule_n hold_v that_o i_o may_v not_o work_v against_o the_o stream_n lest_o i_o swim_v alone_o i_o will_v only_o give_v you_o a_o short_a description_n with_o the_o draught_n or_o figure_n thereof_o and_o as_o any_o addition_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o plough_n in_o any_o of_o its_o member_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v restrain_v from_o a_o application_n to_o this_o as_o well_o as_o to_o any_o other_o this_o be_v usua_o draw_v with_o horse_n or_o ox_n jeer_v double_a two_o a_o breast_n and_o indeed_o so_o they_o draw_v the_o strong_a but_o tread_v the_o land_n the_o more_o but_o why_o they_o may_v not_o be_v put_v single_a in_o wet_a season_n or_o in_o dangerous_a time_n i_o know_v not_o this_o wheel-plough_n be_v make_v of_o a_o strong_a clest_a ash-beam_n about_o six_o foot_n long_o plough-beam_n and_o be_v contrary_n to_o all_o other_o beam_n in_o the_o compass_n of_o it_o the_o crook_n or_o compass_v whereof_o look_v upward_o and_o the_o land-handle_a thereof_o be_v place_v at_o the_o great_a or_o nether_a end_n of_o the_o beam_n as_o other_o plough_n be_v for_o it_o be_v usual_o make_v with_o one_o handle_n describe_v and_o the_o plow-staff_n be_v instead_o of_o the_o furrow-handle_a and_o be_v very_o long_o answerable_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o handle_n the_o length_n whereof_o i_o much_o approve_v and_o can_v wish_v it_o be_v observe_v in_o every_o plough_n whatsoever_o it_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o easy_a and_o certain_a hold_v of_o the_o plough_n the_o sheath_n be_v make_v of_o the_o tough_a young_a ash_n and_o perfect_a &_o dry_a that_o can_v be_v get_v plough-sheath_n and_o set_v with_o a_o very_a good_a mortess_n very_o much_o forward_o joint_v exceed_v true_a and_o close_o into_o the_o beam_n and_o drive_v up_o so_o exceed_v hard_a with_o a_o bragget_n behind_o it_o to_o hold_v it_o from_o decline_a that_o it_o stand_v and_o will_v to_o its_o work_n in_o the_o strong_a land_n whatsoever_o the_o head_n be_v pitch_v as_o strong_o at_o the_o nether_a end_n of_o the_o sheath_n and_o stilt_n as_o can_v be_v head_n and_o pin_v through_o both_o and_o the_o share_n be_v pitch_v upon_o the_o head_n at_o a_o very_a deep_a pitch_n and_o somewhat_o hang_v that_o so_o the_o plough_n may_v go_v much_o a_o shore_n because_o the_o holder_n usual_o go_v two_o furrow_n off_o the_o plough_n wide_o on_o the_o near_a side_n the_o plough_n and_o as_o it_o be_v pitch_v deep_a near_o a_o full_a yard_n pitch_n so_o it_o be_v also_o very_o broad_a be_v near_o half_a a_o yard_n and_o that_o i_o conceive_v arise_v from_o the_o former_a reason_n because_o of_o the_o man_n go_v so_o far_o wide_a of_o his_o plough_n their_o share_n be_v make_v exceed_v narrow_a and_o very_o strong_a and_o run_v out_o to_o a_o very_a exceed_v long_o small_a point_n very_o well_o steel_v and_o sometime_o they_o add_v a_o tush_o or_o phin_n but_o they_o make_v it_o very_o narrow_a also_o and_o so_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o hardness_n and_o stoniness_n of_o the_o land_n not_o admit_v of_o it_o and_o the_o coulter_n stand_v a_o little_a above_o the_o share-point_n and_o not_o before_o it_o but_o rather_o behind_o it_o this_o wheel-plough_n require_v a_o great_a strength_n and_o the_o great_a because_o of_o the_o great_a length_n they_o be_v make_v of_o which_o carry_v such_o a_o long_a and_o heavy_a weight_n of_o earth_n upon_o it_o that_o it_o add_v exceedin_o to_o the_o burden_n of_o it_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o remove_v in_o some_o measure_n by_o contract_v the_o plough_n into_o a_o short_a and_o somewhat_o narrow_a compass_n and_o take_v off_o as_o much_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o load_n both_o of_o wood_n and_o iron_n as_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o work_n will_v bear_v upon_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a useful_a plough_n upon_o some_o land_n &_o at_o some_o season_n the_o figure_n expect_v with_o the_o other_o plough_n there_o be_v another_o double_a wheeled-plough_n &_o it_o be_v call_v the_o turn_v wrest_v plough_n plough_n which_o of_o all_o plough_n that_o ever_o i_o see_v surpass_v for_o weight_n and_o clumsiness_n it_o be_v the_o most_o of_o use_n in_o keut_n picardy_n and_o normandy_n and_o be_v call_v the_o kentish_a plough_n with_o we_o the_o beam_n may_v be_v make_v of_o any_o wood_n for_o the_o bigness_n of_o it_o but_o ash_n be_v best_a but_o the_o two_o handle_n be_v make_v of_o one_o fork_a piece_n of_o any_o wood_n and_o the_o beam_n tenant_v into_o the_o stlit_n below_o the_o fork_n and_o so_o it_o run_v down_o into_o the_o plough-head_n and_o be_v there_o tenant_v and_o pin_v into_o the_o head_n and_o as_o for_o the_o sheath_n that_o be_v a_o good_a strong_a piece_n of_o dry_a ash_n tenant_v into_o the_o beam_n direct_o down_o right_a but_o look_v forward_o at_o the_o nether_a end_n and_o fix_v into_o the_o head_n somewhat_o as_o other_o plough_n be_v but_o the_o sheath_n far_o big_a downward_o the_o plough-head_n be_v pitch_v at_o a_o very_a great_a depth_n or_o else_o at_o random_n for_o depth_n be_v carry_v with_o two_o wheel_n as_o the_o former_a but_o nothing_o like_o so_o neat_a nor_o easy_a and_o for_o breadth_n it_o be_v pitch_v just_a under_o the_o beam_n upon_o a_o straight_a line_n and_o so_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o you_o shall_v see_v anon_o as_o for_o any_o shield_n or_o breast-board_n it_o have_v none_o at_o all_o on_o either_o side_n the_o plough_n as_o all_o other_o have_v
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acre_n it_o have_v be_v sell_v from_o 20_o s._n a_o pound_n to_o 5_o l._n a_o pound_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a advantage_n and_o bring_v in_o at_o worst_a a_o save_a bargain_n but_o it_o may_v possible_o be_v worth_a 30_o or_o 40_o l._n a_o acre_n but_o if_o it_o come_v but_o to_o 7_o or_o 8_o l._n it_o lose_v not_o so_o i_o have_v give_v thou_o a_o brief_a story_n wherein_o i_o will_v have_v be_v more_o large_a but_o have_v lose_v my_o observation_n upon_o it_o which_o i_o take_v when_o i_o be_v upon_o the_o very_a land_n and_o receive_v full_a satisfaction_n in_o every_o particular_a and_o member_n or_o branch_n thereof_o but_o as_o yet_o it_o have_v not_o fell_a under_o my_o own_o experience_n therefore_o i_o give_v the_o head_n as_o i_o remember_v as_o they_o be_v deliver_v unto_o i_o upon_o the_o place_n though_o i_o have_v forget_v many_o of_o they_o country_n to_o encourage_v to_o the_o work_n the_o saffron_n country_n be_v on_o one_o side_n and_o â—ook_v of_o essex_n and_o 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shovel_v at_o the_o least_o lay_v as_o hollow_a &_o light_a as_o may_v be_v you_o may_v have_v it_o dig_v out_o of_o natural_a land_n if_o it_o be_v very_o rich_a indeed_o that_o it_o will_v feed_v a_o ox_n in_o a_o summer_n workmanship_n it_o be_v the_o best_a for_o eight_o penny_n a_o rod_n at_o london_n yea_o for_o seven_o penny_n and_o sometime_o for_o six_o penny_n a_o rod_n forty_o rod_n make_v a_o rood_n which_o be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o acre_n which_o come_v to_o about_o 4_o or_o 5_o l._n a_o acre_n &_o this_o be_v the_o main_a charge_n of_o all_o for_o three_o year_n there_o be_v no_o more_o unless_o it_o be_v a_o little_a hoe_z which_o will_v off_o hand_n very_o fast_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v not_o cost_v above_o 20_o s._n a_o acre_n more_o all_o three_o year_n both_o in_o set_v and_o all_o the_o dress_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o set_v and_o land_n the_o set_v be_v double_o treble_o worth_a your_o money_n set_n have_v be_v sell_v for_o 2_o s._n the_o hundred_o &_o more_o 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work_n some_o man_n have_v a_o excellent_a genius_n that_o way_n will_v awe_v man_n more_o with_o their_o wise_a industrious_a oversight_n and_o skill_n in_o man_n frame_n of_o spirit_n and_o wise_a design_v each_o man_n to_o his_o place_n and_o work_v that_o all_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v as_o member_n of_o the_o body_n co-adjutors_a to_o the_o whole_a one_o take_v it_o from_o another_o so_o as_o no_o work_n be_v do_v twice_o over_o nor_o one_o man_n labour_n bear_v out_o another_o man_n sloth_n but_o each_o be_v helpful_a to_o another_o gold_n so_o as_o to_o advance_v the_o main_a i_o tell_v you_o this_o be_v a_o mystery_n and_o a_o man_n right_o qualify_v for_o this_o work_n be_v worth_a gold_n and_o very_o rare_o to_o be_v find_v i_o have_v see_v some_o bailiff_n entrust_v herein_o stand_v tell_v a_o story_n while_o all_o his_o workman_n have_v stand_v look_v he_o in_o the_o face_n admire_v he_o for_o his_o rhetoric_n and_o this_o have_v please_v he_o as_o well_o as_o their_o 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at_o first_o chop_n it_o may_v at_o next_o by_o the_o root_n i_o have_v the_o last_o year_n a_o field_n of_o a_o hundred_o acre_n so_o thick_o overrun_a that_o some_o acre_n be_v as_o thick_a that_o one_o man_n can_v not_o do_v above_o half_a a_o acre_n in_o a_o day_n i_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v spud_v up_o by_o the_o root_n which_o be_v do_v at_o two_o chap_n with_o my_o spade_n i_o be_v not_o only_o free_v of_o they_o the_o last_o summer_n whole_o but_o my_o whole_a ground_n be_v cleanse_v of_o they_o for_o this_o year_n and_o so_o i_o hope_v for_o ever_o i_o believe_v the_o charge_n thereof_o be_v near_o twenty_o shilling_n or_o thereabouts_o a_o more_o certain_a way_n i_o know_v not_o for_o goose_n tansey_n or_o hoar_n tansey_n like_o weed_n tansey_n i_o must_v needs_o make_v proclamation_n that_o he_o that_o can_v tell_v the_o destruction_n of_o it_o shall_v do_v a_o very_a acceptable_a service_n and_o for_o myself_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o thankful_a for_o the_o communication_n 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season_n then_o plough_v thy_o land_n and_o make_v a_o fallow_a of_o it_o if_o thou_o please_v break_v or_o otherwise_o take_v as_o many_o crop_n as_o thou_o please_v more_fw-it or_o few_o all_o be_v one_o to_o this_o purpose_n so_o as_o thou_o be_v sure_a to_o plough_v thy_o root_n up_o clean_o and_o then_o manure_v thy_o land_n with_o what_o compost_n thou_o can_v get_v for_o i_o believe_v if_o thy_o land_n be_v make_v rich_a and_o fruitful_a with_o any_o sort_n of_o soil_n whatsoever_o it_o will_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n mend_v it_o but_o without_o doubt_n if_o thou_o either_o marl_n it_o well_o or_o chalk_v it_o very_o well_o and_o afterward_o muck_n it_o very_o well_o to_o mollify_v and_o loosen_v and_o open_v the_o earth_n or_o lime_n it_o well_o or_o mud_n it_o well_o and_o afterward_o muck_n it_o over_o with_o good_a cow_n or_o horse_n dung_n or_o any_o other_o good_a soil_n as_o house_n or_o street_n muck-hill_n it_o will_v not_o only_o improve_v it_o but_o destroy_v any_o of_o these_o offence_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o that_o natural_o arise_v from_o barrenness_n or_o coldness_n possible_o once_o manure_v may_v not_o do_v it_o nor_o indeed_o can_v thou_o expect_v so_o great_a a_o improvement_n with_o so_o little_a cost_n because_o i_o reckon_v not_o that_o any_o charge_n or_o cost_n thou_o expende_v whilst_o thou_o have_v it_o under_o tillage_n for_o that_o bring_v in_o thy_o charge_n again_o in_o thy_o crop_n &_o so_o not_o to_o be_v put_v upon_o this_o account_n but_o that_o which_o thou_o bestow_v upon_o thy_o last_o crop_n for_o the_o last_o crop_n i_o will_v advise_v thou_o to_o manure_v to_o purpose_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o thy_o crop_n be_v get_v manure_v it_o again_o for_o it_o will_v also_o bring_v in_o thy_o charge_n in_o the_o crop_n of_o grass_n also_o and_o again_o whilst_o thy_o land_n be_v young_a and_o tender_a three_o for_o at_o this_o season_n will_v one_o load_n of_o soil_n do_v as_o much_o as_o two_o when_o thy_o soar_v begin_v to_o grow_v tough_a yea_o as_o much_o as_o three_o when_o it_o grow_v mossy_a rushy_a filthy_a this_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a conclusion_n which_o i_o have_v ever_o maintain_v and_o prove_v by_o practice_n ever_o to_o lay_v on_o soil_n that_o first_o winte_n after_o corning_n filth_n and_o at_o one_o good_a soil_a have_v raise_v a_o excellent_a sweet_a soar_v the_o very_a first_o year_n full_a as_o good_a again_o as_o it_o be_v before_o upon_o the_o old_a soar_v and_o this_o gallant_a advancing-way_n shall_v certain_o destroy_v both_o briar_n break_v fearn_n gooâ—-tansie_a also_o if_o a_o thing_n will_v do_v it_o goss-ling-heath_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o
appear_v by_o the_o natural_a growth_n of_o it_o in_o all_o country_n but_o for_o artificial_a plant_n i_o shall_v advise_v to_o a_o middle_n mix_v land_n wood_n yea_o though_o it_o be_v but_o barren_a it_o thrive_v excellent_o upon_o as_o barren_a land_n as_o any_o be_v in_o england_n the_o cold_a stiff_a clay_n be_v worst_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o wood_n your_o open_a loose_a land_n be_v best_a for_o any_o wood_n or_o fruit_n and_o the_o oak_n take_v not_o pleasure_n in_o your_o rich_a soil_n of_o all_o but_o i_o question_v not_o the_o well_o prosper_v of_o it_o there_o two_o &_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o so_o little_a of_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o your_o rich_a land_n may_v be_v because_o the_o land_n may_v or_o be_v put_v to_o a_o more_o profitable_a use_n for_o this_o i_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o in_o many_o part_n where_o land_n be_v rich_a and_o dear_a or_o lie_v near_o great_a town_n and_o let_v at_o great_a prize_n the_o wood_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o stifle_v and_o spoil_v by_o wood-stealer_n the_o land_n may_v turn_v to_o great_a profit_n yet_o however_o where_o land_n be_v good_a i_o shall_v advise_v to_o some_o wood_n though_o plant_v here_o &_o there_o a_o tree_n in_o hedg-row_n &_o where_o they_o may_v not_o prejudice_v the_o grass_n or_o shade_v the_o ground_n it_o will_v be_v not_o only_o a_o improvement_n in_o good_a measure_n of_o the_o land_n by_o add_v to_o the_o incom_a the_o fruit_n thereof_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o grass_n but_o a_o honour_n &_o delight_n unto_o yourself_o and_o posterity_n the_o oak-mast_n make_v fat_a fast_a flesh_n and_o long_o last_a bacon_n and_o will_v feed_v dear_a sheep_n and_o poultry_n exceed_v well_o and_o profitable_o i_o have_v read_v of_o one_o oak_n in_o westphalia_n thickness_n from_o the_o foot_n to_o the_o near_a bough_n one_o hundred_o &_o thirty_o foot_n and_o twelve_o foot_n thick_a and_o of_o another_o ten_o yard_n thick_a which_o may_v possible_o be_v but_o i_o be_o sure_a profit_n and_o honour_v sufficient_a will_v attend_v a_o ingenious_a plantation_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o wood._n this_o be_v most_o renown_a for_o ship_n or_o any_o the_o strong_a and_o most_o endure_a work_n or_o building_n or_o for_o the_o most_o curious_a wainscot_n or_o indeed_o for_o any_o use_n whatever_o i_o shall_v be_v brief_a in_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o that_o much_o that_o i_o have_v say_v in_o the_o plant_n of_o this_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o bark_n be_v of_o as_o great_a worth_n as_o of_o need_n and_o use_v the_o beech_n be_v also_o a_o mast-tree_n fruit_n and_o very_o useful_a and_o profitable_a both_o in_o the_o body_n branch_n and_o fruit_n thereof_o the_o body_n be_v very_o good_a timber_n for_o the_o joiner_n use_n and_o for_o the_o husbandman_n for_o axol-tree_n and_o for_o much_o building_n and_o the_o bough_n for_o fire_v and_o the_o fruit_n for_o feed_v hog_n and_o deer_n and_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o for_o poultry_n or_o sheep_n but_o it_o make_v meat_n sweet_a and_o delicate_a light_n of_o digestion_n but_o not_o so_o long_o last_v as_o pea_n or_o acorn_n it_o delight_v most_o in_o your_o warm_a land_n it_o grow_v well_o upon_o gravelly_a land_n and_o land_n very_o stony_a and_o in_o the_o chiltern_n country_n and_o sandy_a ground_n and_o balk_v not_o the_o barren_a land_n like_v well_o and_o better_a the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n than_o the_o plain_a the_o bark_n thereof_o be_v useful_a for_o the_o float_n of_o fishing-net_n and_o pantofel_n for_o winter_n and_o if_o you_o spoil_v they_o of_o their_o bark_n they_o die_v this_o wood_n grow_v somewhat_o quick_a than_o the_o oak_n and_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o some_o country_n than_o to_o other_o especial_o your_o wood-land_n part_n the_o elm_n grow_v easy_o describe_v it_o be_v all_o heart_n if_o it_o be_v fall_v in_o his_o season_n which_o be_v when_o the_o sap_n be_v full_o and_o clear_o down_o in_o the_o root_n betwixt_o november_n and_o february_n it_o take_v 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as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v take_v up_o again_o with_o more_o ease_n to_o remove_v and_o transplant_v where_o you_o please_v you_o may_v get_v set_v of_o the_o very_a root_n which_o sprout_v forth_o of_o it_o and_o set_v they_o and_o they_o will_v grow_v and_o very_o many_o affirm_v that_o any_o elm_n or_o a_o very_a chip_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v firm_a &_o proud_a will_v grow_v unto_o a_o set._n but_o this_o i_o have_v from_o a_o gentleman_n of_o credit_n as_o a_o speedy_a &_o unfailing_a to_o raise_v elm-sets_a or_o plant_n elm-plant_n which_o be_v dig_v round_o about_o a_o well-grown_a elm_n a_o foot_n or_o more_o from_o the_o body_n unto_o many_o or_o most_o of_o the_o master-root_n and_o cleanse_v away_o all_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o cut_v the_o root_n almost_o quite_o through_o with_o a_o axe_n and_o so_o serve_v most_o of_o the_o root_n and_o if_o you_o cut_v some_o full_a through_o you_o may_v and_o forth_o of_o both_o those_o end_n of_o the_o root_n you_o cut_v or_o divide_v in_o sunder_o will_v come_v forth_o gallant_a sprout_n or_o plant_n which_o you_o must_v take_v off_o with_o a_o little_a part_n of_o the_o root_n or_o a_o little_a chip_n thereof_o and_o plant_v it_o and_o it_o will_v assure_o grow_v to_o a_o good_a tree_n the_o use_n and_o worth_n of_o the_o elm_n be_v little_a inferior_a to_o the_o former_a it_o be_v of_o absolute_a and_o singular_a use_n especial_o for_o water-work_n good_a for_o building_n where_o it_o may_v lie_v constant_o dry_a elm._n or_o constant_o wet_a but_o sometime_o dry_a and_o sometime_o wet_a it_o will_v not_o long_o endure_v it_o make_v excellent_a plank_n and_o good_a board_n the_o best_a wood_n in_o england_n for_o wheelwright_n nathe_n or_o hubs_n for_o wheel_n and_o good_a for_o felly_n timber_n also_o in_o your_o second_o plantation_n or_o removal_n set_v they_o in_o very_o good_a order_n and_o be_v careful_a of_o preserve_v they_o as_o a_o garden_n from_o shake_v with_o wind_n or_o cattle_n or_o from_o 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the_o great_a height_n and_o length_n of_o any_o wood_n in_o england_n the_o ash_n be_v also_o a_o gallaut_n quick-thriving_a wood_n ash._n but_o it_o take_v not_o so_o much_o pleasure_n in_o a_o hard_a barren_a mountainous_a land_n as_o the_o oak_n or_o beech_n do_v it_o will_v grow_v in_o good_a land_n and_o in_o land_n of_o any_o nature_n or_o temperature_n almost_o what_o be_v ever_o it_o will_v thrive_v reasonable_a well_o upon_o a_o boggy_a ground_n so_o the_o same_o be_v deep_o trench_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o lay_v dry_a and_o sound_a it_o delight_v itself_o in_o dry_a sound_a land_n and_o will_v grow_v very_o fast_o if_o it_o like_v the_o land_n fast_a than_o any_o
it_o can_v sting_v or_o draw_v into_o the_o ground_n &_o so_o be_v draw_v at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o false_a beam_n either_o with_o horse_n or_o ox_n with_o cock_n or_o clevies_n as_o you_o have_v occasion_n or_o do_v desire_n but_o because_o this_o plough_n can_v be_v full_o discover_v by_o the_o most_o familiar_a discourse_n but_o will_v require_v the_o figure_n also_o i_o will_v here_o give_v you_o it_o as_o near_o to_o the_o life_n as_o possible_n that_o which_o be_v the_o standard_n fasten_v in_o the_o low_a beam_n and_o run_v through_o the_o over_o to_z gage_z the_o plough_n be_v make_v near_o two_o foot_n high_a and_o in_o the_o over_o end_n be_v make_v two_o hole_n to_o put_v the_o horse-raine_n throng_v to_o come_v from_o the_o horse_n head_n to_o the_o very_a plough_n handle_v to_o guide_v he_o to_o and_o fro_o and_o under_o they_o divers_a remove_v hole_n and_o one_o or_o two_o in_o the_o beam_n equal_a to_o those_o in_o the_o standard_n and_o a_o iron_n pin_v put_v through_o they_o both_o this_o plough_n neat_o make_v and_o very_o small_a have_v be_v draw_v with_o one_o horse_n and_o hold_v by_o one_o man_n and_o plough_v one_o acre_n a_o day_n at_o sow_v time_n in_o a_o moist_a season_n and_o as_o colonel_n blunt_n have_v relate_v to_o i_o he_o have_v with_o six_o good_a horse_n six_o man_n and_o six_o plough_n plough_v six_o acre_n a_o day_n at_o sow_v rhyme_n in_o light_n well_o wrought_v land_n the_o figure_n expect_v with_o his_o fellow_n chap._n xxx_o shall_v discover_v some_o general_a fault_n that_o may_v be_v incident_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o plough_n and_o give_v you_o the_o description_n of_o the_o dutch_a and_o norfolk_n plough_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v in_o this_o place_n though_o not_o so_o methodical_o as_o i_o shall_v to_o discover_v the_o usual_a fault_n of_o many_o plough_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o most_o plough_n in_o england_n be_v taint_v with_o some_o of_o they_o 1_o when_o they_o be_v make_v too_o big_a both_o of_o 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the_o handle_n by_o which_o a_o man_n can_v command_v his_o plough_n with_o that_o ease_n and_o truth_n as_o he_o may_v do_v if_o his_o handle_n have_v length_n and_o compass_n a_o short_a upwright_n handle_v exceed_o dislike_v a_o man_n have_v very_o little_a power_n to_o command_v the_o same_o &_o when_o the_o plough_n be_v not_o true_o hold_v it_o never_o go_v easy_a 4_o the_o straitness_n of_o the_o breast-board_n neither_o make_v nor_o draw_v compass_n and_o croswind_n for_o the_o cast_n of_o the_o furrow_n a_o very_a great_a fault_n to_o the_o plough_n ease_n 5_o the_o placing_z the_o wrest_v even_o with_o the_o breast-board_n and_o as_o long_o as_o it_o or_o near_o as_o long_o nay_o i_o have_v in_o some_o part_n see_v it_o long_o it_o be_v as_o great_a a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o easy_a and_o true_a go_v of_o the_o plough_n as_o any_o i_o know_v and_o yet_o by_o very_a few_o discern_v or_o reprove_v i_o say_v &_o have_v i_o time_n i_o will_v give_v reason_n enough_o to_o clear_v it_o that_o a_o good_a broad_a wrest_v and_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n short_a than_o the_o shield-board_n be_v best_a which_o be_v at_o the_o further_a end_n set_v even_o or_o a_o little_a under_o the_o breast-board_n and_o at_o the_o nether_a end_n where_o it_o be_v pin_v either_o to_o land_n handle_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v set_v two_o inch_n narrow_a and_o under_o the_o shield-board_n be_v both_o easy_a to_o the_o holder_n and_o to_o the_o cattle_n and_o a_o main_a advantage_n to_o the_o turn_n and_o strike_v of_o the_o furrow_n and_o especial_o the_o plough_n be_v make_v no_o broad_a behind_o than_o a_o just_a furrow_n breadth_n 6_o and_o last_o the_o dulness_n of_o iron_n and_o either_o not_o clout_v at_o all_o or_o else_o uneven_a rough_a clout_v and_o plate_v your_o plough_n be_v a_o considerable_a hindrance_n both_o to_o the_o ease_n and_o last_a of_o â—ste_a plough_n and_o these_o or_o any_o of_o they_o all_o be_v general_n and_o will_v hold_v let_v they_o be_v upon_o what_o plough_n they_o will_v or_o upon_o what_o land_n they_o will_v or_o in_o what_o season_v soever_o and_o be_v greathindrance_n of_o the_o good_a of_o plough_n and_o plough_v and_o therefore_o what_o fashion_a plough_n soever_o you_o make_v take_v heed_n of_o these_o rock_n and_o for_o what_o season_v soever_o you_o make_v they_o avoid_v they_o all_o and_o then_o if_o thou_o will_v follow_v thy_o own_o country_n fashion_n do_v and_o god_n bless_v thou_o with_o it_o i_o say_v not_o that_o these_o be_v all_o the_o fault_n for_o there_o be_v many_o more_o particular_o treat_v of_o also_o aforegoing_a but_o these_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v prevent_v in_o any_o common_a sort_n of_o plough_n whatever_o &_o most_o of_o they_o in_o all_o sort_n &_o will_v put_v such_o a_o advantage_n to_o the_o plough_n ease_n as_o with_o observe_v the_o forego_n direction_n also_o will_v be_v woth_n thy_o imitation_n in_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n be_v very_o good_a plough_n in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o country_n &_o upon_o the_o sandy_a part_n two_o horse_n &_o one_o man_n will_v plough_v at_o ordinary_a season_n and_o almost_o any_o land_n of_o that_o sandy_a nature_n two_o acre_n of_o a_o day_n &_o many_o time_n one_o man_n with_o two_o horse_n have_v plough_v three_o acre_n in_o one_o day_n they_o seldom_o go_v with_o above_o two_o horse_n and_o may_v with_o one_o horse_n and_o one_o man_n and_o if_o they_o plough_v any_o strong_a land_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o put_v in_o three_o or_o four_o they_o set_v they_o double_a and_o have_v but_o one_o man_n to_o plough_n and_o drive_v their_o plough_n be_v very_o small_a and_o light_a and_o little_o compass_v all_o which_o be_v great_a advantage_n but_o the_o great_a be_v the_o land_n which_o be_v a_o pure_a sand_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o very_o easy_a work_a land_n yet_o though_o this_o be_v the_o easy_a yet_o we_o have_v in_o many_o hundred_o place_n of_o this_o nation_n very_o sandy_a light_a land_n &_o very_o earthy_a mouldy_a land_n a_o light_n mix_v chisse_o land_n and_o abundance_n of_o errable_a land_n in_o very_o good_a tilth_n where_o man_n usual_o go_v to_o plough_v with_o four_o horse_n or_o four_o ox_n &_o a_o horse_n and_o seldom_o less_o but_o many_o time_n more_o which_o may_v as_o well_o if_o not_o better_o be_v do_v with_o two_o unless_o at_o seed_n time_n now_o and_o then_o two_o ox_n and_o a_o horse_n or_o three_o horse_n and_o two_o man_n which_o be_v a_o wonderful_a charge_n to_o the_o poor_a husbandman_n the_o extremity_n of_o which_o charge_n be_v it_o but_o remove_v will_v be_v sufficient_a of_o itself_o to_o make_v he_o thrive_v and_o prosper_v i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o discourse_n with_o a_o relation_n i_o have_v from_o a_o norfolk_n gentleman_n of_o very_a good_a worth_n and_o credit_n in_o that_o country_n upon_o the_o marshland_n border_v upon_o the_o sea-coast_n a_o gentleman_n set_v a_o hundred_o acre_n to_o a_o man_n to_o plough_v he_o covenant_v with_o he_o to_o find_v he_o horse_n and_o plough_n &_o iron_n and_o meat_n for_o the_o horse_n and_o he_o be_v to_o find_v only_o all_o man_n labour_n and_o he_o allow_v he_o eight_o horse_n for_o the_o work_n and_o for_o the_o man_n labour_n that_o he_o be_v only_o to_o find_v to_o plough_v this_o land_n the_o man_n covenant_v to_o plough_v this_o marshland_n which_o be_v a_o mix_a earth_n &_o we_o have_v many_o thousand_o acre_n as_o easy_a plough_v in_o england_n almost_o in_o all_o have_v for_o 5d._o a_o acre_n &_o perform_v it_o he_o plough_v his_o 8_o acre_n a_o day_n he_o find_v but_o 3_o man_n to_o the_o work_n he_o go_v to_o plough_v
with_o two_o teem_v two_o horse_n and_o one_o man_n to_o one_o plough_n and_o two_o horse_n and_o one_o man_n together_o in_o the_o morning_n &_o one_o man_n to_o shift_v they_o at_o noon_n and_o meat_n and_o gear_n they_o and_o then_o he_o bring_v in_o two_o teem_n in_o the_o afternoon_n two_o horse_n in_o a_o teem_n with_o the_o same_o man_n and_o so_o plough_v as_o aforesaid_a his_o eight_o acre_n i_o see_v the_o ground_n thus_o plough_v &_o the_o poor_a man_n get_v his_o three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n for_o his_o man_n and_o himself_o that_o be_v ten-pence_n a_o day_n a_o man_n find_v which_o be_v good_a wage_n in_o norfolk_n it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o we_o shall_v be_v so_o slothful_a when_o some_o be_v so_o ingenious_a as_o for_o the_o dutch_a plough_n i_o have_v also_o consider_v which_o exceed_o differ_v from_o our_o several_a fashion_a plough_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o give_v you_o the_o large_a description_n thereof_o because_o as_o it_o be_v the_o pure_a dutch_a plough_n it_o be_v only_o applyable_a to_o fen_n and_o marshland_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o stone_n nor_o root_n nor_o hard_a place_n and_o the_o chief_a advantage_n it_o have_v to_o east_n and_o expedition_n be_v in_o the_o breadth_n and_o sharpness_n of_o the_o share_n which_o be_v make_v about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a some_o more_o and_o sharp_a in_o the_o point_n and_o as_o thin_a in_o the_o phin_n as_o a_o knife_n and_o wrought_v most_o curious_a a_o good_a share_n be_v worth_a above_o twenty_o shilling_n which_o cast_v up_o a_o very_a great_a broad_a furrow_n very_o clean_o and_o easy_a as_o be_v possible_a out_o of_o which_o i_o have_v contract_v as_o much_o therefrom_o in_o the_o description_n of_o my_o share_n as_o i_o can_v possible_o allow_v to_o our_o uncertain_a changeable_a land_n to_o advance_v the_o ease_n which_o many_o time_n alter_v the_o temper_n and_o strength_n twice_o or_o thrice_o in_o one_o land_n and_o then_o for_o the_o coulter_n land_n that_o be_v also_o especial_o applyable_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a land_n but_o may_v be_v use_v upon_o any_o fair_a pure_a lay_v turf_n be_v old_a pasture_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v you_o the_o description_n &_o leave_v it_o to_o thy_o imitation_n a_o good_a one_o will_v cost_v a_o mark_n or_o fifteen_o shilling_n only_o say_v you_o can_v hardly_o have_v a_o smith_n in_o the_o country_n to_o work_v well_o upon_o it_o and_o far_o worse_a upon_o the_o share_n but_o as_o to_o the_o bastard_n dutch_n which_o be_v somewhat_o near_a appliable_a to_o our_o land_n i_o have_v take_v from_o it_o as_o much_o as_o it_o will_v afford_v i_o both_o in_o the_o cast_n of_o the_o shield-board_n which_o be_v very_o good_a as_o also_o in_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o and_o do_v apply_v it_o to_o the_o plough_n hereafter_o describe_v and_o shall_v ingenious_o acknowledge_v i_o have_v some_o branch_n from_o every_o of_o these_o root_n and_o from_o the_o norfolk_n plough_n and_o one_o wheel_a plough_n also_o from_o all_o which_o i_o find_v that_o the_o short_a and_o lesser_a any_o plough_n be_v make_v plough_n have_v its_o true_a pitch_n with_o its_o true_a cast_n on_o the_o shield-board_n and_o short_a wrest_v and_o sharp_a iron_n the_o far_o easy_a of_o all_o which_o have_v so_o serious_o consider_v make_v and_o try_v they_o almost_o every_o one_o upon_o several_a sort_n of_o land_n and_o experiment_v they_o to_o the_o full_a with_o my_o own_o hand_n to_o my_o great_a expense_n shall_v descend_v unto_o my_o three_o general_n head_n for_o ease_v the_o plough_n chap._n xxxi_o thereby_o to_o demonstrate_v wherein_o the_o chief_a ease_n of_o the_o plough_n consist_v with_o the_o easy_a go_v plough_n and_o the_o advantage_n gain_v thereby_o i_o shall_v not_o with_o the_o least_o disparagement_n to_o any_o of_o they_o give_v they_o their_o due_a praise_n and_o honour_n draw_v forth_o a_o description_n of_o the_o most_o easie-going_a plough_n i_o can_v &_o contract_v it_o to_o the_o least_o charge_n be_v possible_a have_v all_o these_o help_n and_o light_n and_o to_o add_v nothing_o thereto_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o a_o ingenious_a man_n i_o will_v therefore_o take_v a_o short_a beam_n deep_a one_o way_n than_o another_o plough_n of_o a_o tough_a and_o dry_a young_a ash_n betwixt_o five_o foot_n and_o six_o foot_n long_o rise_v in_o the_o coulter-hole_n and_o strong_a there_o but_o thence_o decline_v both_o way_n for_o strength_n and_o so_o grow_v small_a wrought_v round_o and_o smooth_a my_o sheath_n most_o exact_o fit_v into_o the_o beam_n and_o pitch_v pretty_a forward_o and_o drive_v up_o so_o close_o with_o a_o little_a lace_n or_o bragget_n put_v behind_o the_o sheath_n into_o the_o beam_n and_o sheath_n just_o butt_v at_o both_o end_n when_o the_o sheath_n be_v drive_v up_o which_o shall_v stand_v as_o a_o buttress_n to_o support_v it_o and_o may_v be_v as_o serviceable_a as_o a_o iron_n dog_n as_o many_o use_n my_o near_a handle_n put_v upon_o a_o tenant_n through_o the_o same_o and_o draw_v close_o with_o two_o or_o three_o wooden_a pin_n and_o then_o both_o sheath_n and_o handle_v tennant_v exceed_v close_o into_o the_o head_n be_v about_o two_o foot_n long_o not_o stand_v upright_o nor_o level_a but_o beam-handle_a and_o sheath_n hang_v from_o a_o perpendicular_a point_n one_o five_o or_o six_o part_n to_o the_o land_n on_o the_o near_a hand_n my_o furrow-handle_a with_o two_o good_a round_a staff_n plant_v on_o my_o land-handle_a as_o wide_a in_o the_o end_n as_o a_o man_n can_v hold_v they_o be_v very_o long_o and_o well_o compass_v and_o fair_o wrought_v my_o share_n former_o describe_v pitch_v true_a upon_o my_o head_n and_o draw_v up_o with_o a_o iron_n bolt_n through_o head_n and_o pan_n into_o my_o beam_n and_o cotter_v up_o my_o share_n stand_v rather_o more_o hang_v than_o the_o head_n do_v so_o close_o and_o true_a as_o that_o water_n can_v pierce_v betwixt_o they_o either_o with_o a_o coumb_n weeld_v on_o right_o compass_v lay_v into_o my_o sheild-board_n place_v as_o high_a as_o the_o earth_n work_v up_o and_o as_o smooth_a as_o may_v be_v to_o the_o end_n my_o breast_n not_o be_v too_o thick_a at_o the_o nose_n nor_o widen_v too_o sudden_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o earth_n come_v to_o the_o middle_a my_o shield-board_n to_o widen_v whelm_v or_o compass_n as_o if_o it_o will_v lie_v upon_o the_o furrow_n and_o so_o to_o widen_v and_o whelm_v more_o and_o more_o unto_o the_o very_a end_n or_o else_o a_o shine_a plant_v upon_o my_o share_n most_o close_o wrought_v compass_a and_o nail_v to_o the_o sheild-board_n in_o the_o form_n before_o prescribe_v my_o wrest_v a_o large_a hand_n breadth_n wrest_v plant_v under_o my_o sheild-board_n bottom_n and_o narrow_a than_o it_o and_o rather_o yet_o narrow_a to_o the_o sheild-board_n end_n so_o that_o it_o retain_v the_o just_a and_o full_a breadth_n of_o my_o furrow_n and_o no_o broad_a it_o both_o go_v easy_a and_o help_v the_o cast_v of_o the_o furrow_n i_o desire_v it_o be_v well_o plate_v too_o but_o short_a by_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n than_o my_o sheild-board_n and_o by_o two_o inch_n than_o my_o plough-head_n my_o whole_a plough_n board_v up_o so_o close_a as_o no_o earth_n may_v get_v into_o it_o and_o plate_v very_o well_o and_o smooth_a in_o every_o wear_n place_n whatsoevor_fw-la as_o for_o the_o pitch_n both_o in_o breadth_n and_o depth_n that_o must_v be_v resolve_v both_o from_o the_o height_n you_o make_v your_o plough_n if_o high_a in_o the_o chest_n your_o pitch_n must_v be_v the_o deep_a about_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o inch_n or_o about_o ten_o or_o eleven_o and_o a_o half_a if_o to_o go_v single_a you_o must_v pitch_v it_o broad_a if_o to_o go_v double_o narrow_a every_o common_a plough-wright_n can_v help_v you_o here_o &_o also_o understand_v what_o be_v here_o dirrct_v my_o iron_n keep_v both_o hard_a and_o sharp_a in_o point_n and_o phin_n and_o this_o plough_n be_v once_o well_o scour_v and_o clean_a if_o it_o go_v not_o with_o as_o much_o ease_n as_o nature_n do_v admit_v or_o art_n have_v hitherto_o discover_v i_o will_v acknowledgemy_n mistake_v but_o what_o strength_n may_v draw_v it_o i_o shall_v not_o determine_v i_o have_v tell_v you_o what_o have_v &_o do_v draw_v the_o other_o plough_v before_o describe_v and_o can_v you_o show_v i_o all_o the_o land_n and_o all_o the_o temperature_n at_o all_o season_n of_o those_o land_n i_o can_v easy_o demonstrate_v that_o but_o to_o i_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o that_o i_o have_v both_o rational_o and_o experiment_o discover_v to_o thou_o the_o best_a plough_n &_o easy_a that_o i_o know_v or_o have_v read_v of_o in_o the_o world_n as_o i_o have_v cordial_o do_v and_o
give_v thou_o the_o product_n of_o my_o experience_n and_o from_o each_o remove_v the_o inconvenience_n and_o draw_v out_o the_o quintessence_n as_o i_o be_o able_a if_o this_o plough_n be_v preserve_v from_o any_o earth_n cleave_v at_o all_o to_o it_o be_v as_o little_a in_o compass_n as_o any_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o sharp_a iron_n and_o perfect_a true_a workmanship_n as_o that_o it_o need_v no_o wheel_n which_o be_v a_o weight_n and_o require_v strength_n and_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o to_o guide_v the_o pitch_n and_o this_o pitch_n be_v make_v so_o true_a of_o itself_o as_o it_o will_v go_v without_o it_o and_o the_o wrest_v cut_v short_a which_o give_v much_o ease_n and_o make_v the_o plough_n go_v more_o certain_a and_o the_o furrow_n turn_v better_o and_o all_o these_o be_v as_o a_o addition_n to_o it_o i_o conceive_v and_o know_v less_o strength_n will_v draw_v it_o to_o which_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v add_v the_o dutch_a coulter_n it_o go_v somewhat_o easy_o and_o be_v best_a for_o the_o pure_a turf_n without_o stone_n but_o the_o other_o be_v keep_v as_o sharp_a be_v more_o certain_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o will_v do_v exceed_o well_o in_o wrought_a tillable_n land_n if_o you_o keep_v it_o a_o little_a before_o the_o share_n that_o it_o may_v cut_v first_o and_o one_o think_v wide_a also_o but_o never_o within_o the_o share_n it_o be_v true_a in_o irregular_a extreme_a land_n either_o for_o stone_n root_n or_o hardness_n i_o be_o at_o a_o loss_n and_o for_o that_o end_n advise_v to_o the_o double-wheeled_n plough_n which_o though_o it_o will_v be_v no_o otherwise_o advantage_v to_o ease_v than_o as_o it_o be_v well_o and_o complete_o make_v yet_o it_o be_v for_o strength_n &_o to_o supply_v extremity_n and_o case_n of_o necessity_n without_o rule_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o will_v say_v that_o take_v or_o make_v i_o such_o a_o plough_n aforesaid_a describe_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a land_n where_o the_o easy_a and_o best_a plough_n be_v use_v which_o i_o can_v wish_v have_v be_v before_o now_o discover_v which_o will_v have_v save_v i_o this_o labour_n and_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o and_o as_o the_o land_n be_v light_a and_o easy_a so_o make_v the_o plough_n light_a and_o lesser_a and_o if_o it_o go_v not_o easy_o by_o a_o considerable_a part_n my_o judgement_n fail_v i_o afford_v i_o be_o sure_a these_o particular_n consider_v and_o solid_o put_v in_o practice_n throughout_o this_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o save_v one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o charge_n and_o toil_n of_o horse_n and_o man_n nay_o in_o some_o part_n i_o be_o confident_a near_o one_o half_a and_o if_o to_o the_o best_a plough_n it_o will_v give_v but_o the_o least_o addition_n it_o be_v satisfaction_n enough_o to_o i_o but_o i_o very_o well_o know_v it_o will_v save_v one_o horse_n in_o four_o and_o i_o believe_v one_o in_o three_o as_o most_o country_n use_v and_o one_o man_n in_o two_o all_o that_o i_o have_v say_v be_v but_o to_o the_o pitch_n and_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o plough_n i_o say_v again_o if_o any_o contend_v for_o wheel_n or_o foot_n he_o need_v but_o give_v his_o plough_n a_o little_o deep_a pitch_n and_o he_o may_v add_v either_o thereunto_o as_o well_o as_o to_o any_o other_o and_o please_v himself_o the_o description_n of_o it_o shall_v follow_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 33_o chapter_n and_o if_o you_o object_n what_o shall_v guide_v the_o plough_n for_o depth_n and_o keep_v it_o from_o sting_a in_o clay_n ground_n and_o how_o may_v you_o let_v it_o up_o and_o down_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o your_o land_n require_v to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o have_v both_o in_o your_o plough_n and_o plough-iron_n bring_v your_o plough_n to_o a_o true_a and_o perfect_a pitch_n it_o will_v require_v but_o little_a help_n herein_o yet_o hereby_o you_o may_v much_o answer_v your_o desire_n in_o two_o particular_n 1_o in_o your_o hindmost_a gear_n you_o may_v at_o your_o chain_n that_o be_v put_v upon_o your_o plough-cock_n or_o clevy_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v short_a link_v on_o purpose_n to_o take_v up_o or_o let_v down_o as_o you_o see_v occasion_n 2_o your_o hindmost_a or_o fill-horse_n at_o the_o back-band_n which_o may_v be_v to_o take_v up_o or_o let_v down_o you_o may_v ease_v yourself_o at_o plearsue_v and_o so_o i_o descend_v to_o the_o last_o general_n head_n chap._n xxxii_o contain_v the_o applicatory_a part_n of_o plough_n use_v wherein_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o hold_v forth_o to_o what_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o to_o what_o season_n or_o tilth_n of_o land_n each_o plough_n be_v or_o may_v be_v most_o serviceable_a in_o the_o description_n whereof_o i_o shall_v in_o general_n say_v that_o when_o land_n come_v to_o that_o extremity_n of_o hardness_n as_o the_o plough_n be_v force_v beyond_o its_o gage_n or_o pitch_n of_o truth_n and_o that_o nothing_o but_o force_n will_v overcome_v it_o than_o we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o lay_v by_o our_o hope_n of_o ease_n and_o all_o our_o plough_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v make_v upon_o that_o account_n for_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o all_o good_a husband_n will_v take_v their_o season_n which_o season_n be_v chief_o for_o all_o their_o summer_n crop_n in_o winter_n when_o the_o land_n be_v moist_a &_o workable_a corn_n from_o november_n until_o march_v and_o for_o all_o winter_n crop_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o work_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v in_o winter_n as_o in_o the_o end_n of_o december_n and_o january_n to_o fallow_a as_o we_o call_v it_o corn_n all_o our_o strong_a coarse_a lie_v turf_n when_o we_o may_v work_v it_o well_o and_o clear_v it_o up_o to_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v once_o well_o plough_v in_o a_o right_a season_n it_o will_v work_v reasonable_a well_o in_o the_o hard_a season_n the_o next_o plough_v and_o so_o very_o well_o the_o next_o and_o so_o throughout_o when_o it_o be_v complete_o plough_v at_o the_o first_o which_o first_o opportunity_n if_o it_o be_v overpass_v by_o too_o much_o business_n or_o sloth_n or_o otherwise_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o tilth_n uncomfortable_a every_o common_a husbandman_n know_v these_o thing_n and_o for_o this_o tilth_n or_o season_n of_o plough_v and_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n especial_o be_v very_o rough_a hilly_a or_o banky_a your_o wheeled-plough_n will_v not_o work_v but_o will_v be_v cast_v out_o by_o every_o hill_n for_o this_o use_n i_o shall_v advise_v you_o to_o the_o plain_a plough_n make_v a_o little_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a with_o a_o true_a pitch_n both_o for_o breadth_n and_o depth_n and_o because_o both_o wheel_n and_o foot_n too_o will_v cast_v it_o out_o at_o every_o hill_n and_o some_o man_n can_v hold_v a_o plough_n without_o either_o and_o possible_o thy_o land_n may_v be_v uncertain_a land_n that_o be_v some_o clay_n and_o some_o sand_n and_o some_o mould_n hillaâ—ground_n each_o of_o which_o will_v alter_v the_o go_n of_o the_o plough_n therefore_o in_o this_o case_n let_v a_o iron_n foot_n be_v make_v with_o a_o sharp_a edge_n like_o a_o coulter_n forward_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o shank_n &_o the_o foot_n make_v flattish_a and_o very_o thin_a at_o both_o edge_n and_o a_o little_o strong_a in_o the_o middle_n rise_v like_o a_o place_n fish_n and_o no_o thick_a and_o that_o will_v cut_v your_o hill_n before_o your_o coulter_n and_o keep_v it_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n too_o from_o sting_v or_o draw_v into_o the_o caly_n but_o yet_o a_o good_a plough-holder_n with_o a_o good_a plough_n will_v cast_v this_o away_o also_o in_o the_o rough_a land_n and_o mere_o with_o this_o hinder_a chain_n &_o backband_n of_o his_o hindmost_a horse_n take_v it_o up_o at_o pleasure_n and_o even_o play_v with_o it_o too_o in_o the_o strong_a workable_a work_n when_o another_o shall_v moyl_v himself_o like_o a_o beast_n as_o we_o say_v but_o to_o hasten_v when_o by_o a_o drought_n you_o be_v out_o of_o work_n than_o i_o say_v as_o afore_o that_o with_o strength_n your_o wheeled-plough_n will_v do_v exceed_o well_o and_o none_o like_o it_o your_o double_a wheel_a one_o i_o mean_v and_o your_o single_a wheel_a plough_n too_o be_v exceed_o strong_o make_v will_v tear_v up_o any_o reasonable_a ground_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o wheel_n go_v but_o upon_o a_o axletree_n and_o that_o be_v fix_v but_o in_o one_o end_n in_o the_o false_a beam_n end_n also_o it_o can_v be_v so_o strong_a as_o the_o other_o by_o far_o therefore_o i_o advise_v every_o good_a husband_n to_o one_o of_o these_o the_o body_n of_o who_o plough_n may_v be_v make_v to_o the_o same_o advantage_n heretofore_o prescribe_v as_o for_o the_o cast_n down_o a_o
land_n land_n or_o plough_v any_o flat_a land_n almost_o any_o plough_n will_v do_v well_o and_o so_o your_o broad-breasted_n plough_n will_v turn_v over_o a_o great_a furrow_n though_o your_o shield-board_n have_v little_a compass_n but_o as_o to_o the_o set_n up_o a_o land_n or_o ridge_n it_o as_o most_o call_v it_o i_o will_v have_v a_o narrow_a breasted_a plough_n land_n with_o a_o exceed_a whelming_a compass_a shield-board_n increase_v both_o in_o the_o breast_n by_o small_a degree_n and_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o shield-board_n with_o a_o very_a broad_a and_o short_a wrest_v which_o add_v one_o or_o two_o degree_n of_o cast_n or_o compass_v to_o the_o shield_n board_n for_o in_o this_o work_n you_o will_v most_o apparent_o see_v the_o ease_n and_o advantage_n thereof_o the_o coulter_n have_v first_o do_v his_o office_n by_o go_v before_o plough_n and_o divide_v out_o the_o furrow_n the_o share_v he_o in_o cut_v it_o up_o clear_a and_o raise_v it_o from_o the_o solid_a land_n the_o breast_n of_o the_o shield-board_n take_v it_o and_o give_v it_o a_o cast_n and_o turn_v that_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o fall_v the_o wrest_v keep_v its_o furrow_n breadth_n for_o the_o horse_n easy_a go_v and_o not_o suffer_v the_o furrow_n to_o drop_v short_a of_o its_o true_a place_n but_o lest_o it_o shall_v stand_v a_o edge_n the_o heel_n or_o hinder_v end_n of_o the_o shield-board_n come_v be_v long_o than_o the_o wrest_v and_o stand_v as_o it_o be_v overlooking_a to_o see_v what_o it_o will_v leave_v and_o like_o a_o lady_n trial_n give_v the_o furrow_n a_o sweep_n or_o a_o good_a check_n and_o bid_v it_o lie_v there_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o not_o stand_v upon_o the_o edge_n and_o thus_o each_o member_n have_v do_v his_o office_n one_o take_v it_o from_o another_o regular_o must_v needs_o admit_v of_o the_o great_a ease_n a_o saddle-tree_n be_v make_v of_o many_o piece_n and_o some_o compass_n one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o but_o all_o to_o the_o true_a compass_n and_o easiness_n of_o the_o horseback_n so_o a_o plough_n it_o may_v be_v make_v of_o few_o part_n and_o lesser_a compass_n but_o that_o sewer_n will_v not_o give_v the_o true_a compass_n or_o cast_v of_o it_o and_o deliver_v his_o furrow_n upon_o the_o best_a advantage_n as_o for_o your_o ordinary_a season_n of_o plough_v your_o land_n be_v in_o good_a tillage_n mould_n any_o well_o order_v and_o true_o compass_v plough_n will_v do_v you_o may_v help_v yourself_o sufficient_o in_o the_o make_n of_o your_o iron_n if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o edge_n of_o your_o lie_a furrow_n lie_v up_o high_o which_o will_v yield_v most_o mould_n than_o set_v your_o share-phin_a the_o shallow_a and_o set_v your_o plough_n the_o broad_a and_o hold_v it_o the_o more_o ashore_o the_o ploughman_n go_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o it_o will_v lay_v it_o with_o a_o sharp_a edge_n which_o be_v a_o gallant_a posture_n for_o almost_o any_o land_n especial_o for_o the_o lie_v turf_n beyond_o compare_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v you_o land_n lie_v most_o even_o and_o flat_a level_a then_o set_v the_o phin_n of_o your_o share_n deep_o or_o hold_v as_o some_o call_v it_o &_o set_v your_o plough_n the_o narrow_a &_o the_o holder_n always_o always_o go_v in_o the_o furrow_n and_o the_o shield-board_n end_n will_v so_o humble_v it_o as_o you_o may_v lay_v it_o upon_o a_o level_n this_o be_v best_a for_o land_n of_o which_o you_o will_v make_v a_o fallow_a or_o cut_v and_o burn_v the_o turf_n or_o for_o land_n you_o intend_v to_o lay_v flat_a to_o graze_v if_o the_o furrow_n shall_v be_v all_o at_o once_o turn_v at_o the_o very_a breast_n than_o it_o will_v go_v just_a as_o if_o you_o will_v put_v a_o mould_n to_o root_v with_o her_o breech_n forward_o which_o plough_n i_o have_v see_v but_o how_o the_o furrow_n will_v lie_v i_o know_v not_o nor_o well_o what_o strength_n to_o draw_v it_o but_o then_o there_o need_v neither_o be_v use_n of_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o shield-board_n nor_o wrest_v neither_o or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o cast_v all_o in_o the_o shield-board_n as_o some_o do_v that_o make_v no_o wrest_v at_o all_o than_o it_o will_v either_o not_o clear_o up_o the_o furrow_n well_o set_v the_o furrow_n upon_o a_o edge_n or_o else_o the_o hinder_a end_n of_o the_o shield_n board_n must_v whelm_v beyond_o all_o precedent_n or_o rule_n or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o make_v so_o thin_a in_o the_o breast_n as_o to_o cut_v through_o like_o a_o knife_n and_o turn_v nothing_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o shield-board_n and_o end_n of_o the_o wrest_v and_o shield-board_n than_o there_o it_o give_v too_o sudden_a a_o check_n too_o and_o cause_v the_o earth_n to_o choke_v and_o mouther_n upon_o the_o breast_n board_n that_o it_o will_v not_o slip_v away_o with_o ease_n so_o that_o as_o i_o say_v before_o a_o medium_n in_o all_o each_o member_n do_v its_o particular_a office_n preserve_v the_o health_n and_o comfort_n of_o the_o body_n these_o thing_n and_o many_o more_o which_o may_v be_v ncessary_a i_o will_v forbear_v to_o speak_v to_o be_v account_v nicety_n among_o many_o the_o knowledge_n whereof_o have_v cost_v i_o much_o and_o therefore_o be_o able_a to_o affirm_v that_o the_o very_a mystery_n of_o ploughmanship_n lie_v upon_o the_o knowledge_n and_o practice_n of_o they_o and_o so_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o double_a plough_n and_o the_o description_n thereof_o chap._n xxxiii_o hold_v forth_o a_o description_n of_o a_o double_a plough_n carry_v two_o fuorow_n at_o once_o and_o both_o proportionable_a to_o a_o furrow_n one_o ordinary_a plough_n shall_v carry_v with_o a_o plough_n that_o shall_v both_o plough_n and_o harraw_v both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o how_o to_o make_v a_o plough_n last_o a_o dozen_o year_n the_o double_a plough_n shall_v be_v as_o plain_a as_o may_v be_v it_o shall_v consist_v of_o one_o long_a beam_n of_o a_o ordinary_a length_n and_o another_o short_a one_o little_a above_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o other_o the_o first_o plough_n may_v be_v make_v up_o complete_a in_o all_o the_o member_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o last_o precede_a description_n of_o the_o plain_a plough_n except_o the_o handle_n which_o may_v be_v very_o short_a only_o so_o long_o as_o may_v receive_v the_o beam_n with_o the_o land-handle_a and_o place_v the_o shield-board_n on_o the_o furrow_n side_n which_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o but_o a_o round_a staff_n from_o the_o beam_n to_o the_o shield-board_n which_o handle_v except_v it_o be_v one_o complete_a plough_n in_o all_o particular_n the_o hinder_a end_n of_o the_o beam_n be_v to_o be_v leave_v a_o little_o strong_a because_o of_o fasten_v the_o other_o beam_n firm_o thereunto_o and_o then_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o make_n of_o the_o hindermost_a plough_n which_o must_v be_v make_v in_o all_o the_o member_n and_o branch_n like_o the_o other_o except_o the_o beam_n cut_v off_o about_o three_o inch_n before_o the_o coulter-hole_n and_o the_o handle_v of_o this_o at_o length_n and_o strength_n as_o a_o ordinary_a strong_a plough_n be_v make_v just_o according_a to_o the_o pattern_n of_o the_o plain_a plough_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o handle_v upon_o the_o last_o plough_n you_o must_v set_v to_o the_o place_n of_o it_o in_o his_o place_n which_o i_o discover_v thus_o the_o first_o plough_n stand_v in_o its_o work_a posture_n the_o other_o plough_n with_o be_v the_o handle_v to_o it_o to_o be_v affix_v on_o the_o near_a side_n or_o left-hand_a one_o furrow_n breadth_n wide_o than_o the_o other_o just_a in_o the_o very_a same_o posture_n both_o for_o depth_n and_o breadth_n as_o the_o other_o do_v and_o so_o hold_v off_o from_o the_o first_o plough_n beam_n by_o aline_v or_o fill_v of_o wood_n just_a that_o substance_n as_o may_v continue_v it_o firm_a and_o fast_o to_o a_o just_a furrow_n and_o there_o draw_v close_o and_o firm_a to_o that_o master-beam_n with_o two_o small_a iron_n bolt_n together_o and_o a_o broad_a float_n or_o two_o of_o wood_n all_o which_o may_v be_v so_o key_v and_o cramp_v up_o that_o it_o may_v be_v as_o one_o solid_a beam_n and_o so_o move_v as_o the_o first_o move_v either_o for_o height_n or_o depth_n which_o it_o must_v needs_o do_v and_o this_o i_o conceive_v may_v be_v best_a use_v with_o a_o plough-foot_n to_o guide_v the_o depth_n of_o it_o unless_o you_o place_v a_o wheel_n to_o that_o foremost_a beam_n but_o not_o in_o a_o false_a beam_n because_o i_o have_v not_o experience_n of_o apply_v this_o doubleness_n to_o those_o deep_a pitch_a plough_n but_o in_o the_o end_n of_o that_o beam_n you_o may_v have_v as_o good_a a_o mortess_n as_o your_o beam_n
will_v bear_v which_o be_v the_o mortess_n for_o the_o foot_n and_o therein_o you_o may_v place_v a_o square_n good_a strong_a piece_n of_o tough_a ash_n or_o rather_o of_o iron_n into_o which_o you_o may_v have_v your_o iron_n axletree_n with_o its_o square_a end_n sit_v into_o three_o or_o four_o several_a hole_n of_o it_o by_o which_o mean_v you_o may_v set_v your_o plough_n at_o a_o work_a gage_n and_o there_o continue_v it_o and_o alter_v it_o as_o you_o see_v cause_n which_o plough_n thus_o marshal_v you_o may_v well_o plough_v upon_o ordinary_a errable_a land_n that_o be_v in_o good_a tillage_n a_o double_a proportion_n and_o also_o upon_o fair_a clean_o lie_v turf_n and_o this_o you_o may_v manage_v with_o two_o man_n and_o four_o good_a horse_n but_o not_o either_o upon_o stony_a land_n or_o rough_a land_n the_o description_n and_o discourse_n whereof_o i_o give_v not_o in_o as_o of_o any_o great_a advantage_n above_o the_o other_o plain_a plough_n but_o for_o variety_n sake_n and_o to_o provok_v other_o to_o the_o amendment_n and_o perfect_a of_o this_o discovery_n yet_o i_o for_o present_a see_v not_o but_o it_o may_v be_v of_o excellent_a use_n &_o expedition_n upon_o many_o land_n in_o england_n and_o to_o say_v much_o more_o be_v needless_a in_o regard_n of_o what_o have_v be_v before_o speak_v and_o experience_n of_o a_o good_a ploughman_n will_v order_v it_o at_o pleasure_n and_o so_o i_o shall_v only_o discover_v one_o other_o plough_n that_o will_v both_o plough_v and_o harrow_n of_o itself_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n affix_v and_o it_o be_v use_v in_o several_a place_n in_o norfolk_n yet_o cast_v about_o with_o myself_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n also_o and_o find_v not_o how_o it_o will_v so_o well_o suit_n with_o our_o common_a way_n of_o husbandry_n as_o to_o be_v a_o general_a advantage_n i_o shall_v say_v the_o less_o only_o tell_v you_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o it_o be_v a_o common_a light_a plough_n as_o all_o they_o be_v and_o as_o little_a and_o light_a a_o harrow_n which_o may_v contain_v three_o little_a bull_n &_o about_o five_o tines_n in_o a_o bull_n which_o be_v make_v light_n also_o and_o fix_v to_o the_o plough_n at_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o beam_n so_o that_o as_o the_o plough_n turn_v this_o turn_v also_o and_o as_o the_o plough_n turn_v one_o furrow_n the_o harrow_n harrow_n it_o over_o reach_v two_o more_o furrow_n and_o so_o by_o the_o overreach_v it_o strike_v two_o or_o three_o time_n in_o one_o place_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o cover_n any_o corn_n whatsoever_o shall_v be_v sow_v upon_o norfolk_n land_n but_o find_v these_o two_o prejudices_fw-la against_o it_o viz_o either_o this_o land_n must_v be_v sow_v as_o the_o land_n be_v plough_v &_o so_o it_o will_v take_v up_o a_o man_n time_n sow_v a_o acre_n when_o otherwise_o a_o man_n will_v sow_v nine_o or_o ten_o acre_n in_o one_o day_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v sow_v before_o plough_v and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v plough_v in_o and_o harrow_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o it_o which_o fall_v not_o under_o my_o experience_n have_v know_v much_o land_n â—all_n far_o the_o heavy_a and_o more_o subject_a to_o bind_v and_o bury_v than_o if_o only_o light_o cover_v with_o the_o plough_n and_o lay_v more_o open_a and_o now_o thou_o â—ast_v the_o story_n that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o may_v be_v do_v may_v thy_o own_o experience_n be_v the_o determiner_n of_o the_o matter_n but_o after_o the_o write_n hereof_o have_v communicate_v thus_o much_o to_o a_o gentleman_n of_o art_n and_o worth_a do_v find_v that_o another_o addition_n may_v be_v make_v thereto_o which_o be_v how_o to_o drop_v the_o corn_n corn_n by_o corn_n proportionable_o to_o that_o quantity_n i_o desire_v to_o sow_v upon_o a_o acre_n time_n which_o if_o by_o his_o assistance_n i_o can_v experimental_o make_v out_o i_o fear_v not_o to_o give_v you_o plough_n and_o harrow_n and_o seedsman_n all_o at_o once_o and_o all_o to_o work_v with_o two_o horse_n and_o one_o man_n upon_o some_o land_n and_o with_o three_o horse_n upon_o all_o of_o this_o nature_n &_o all_o to_o be_v do_v almost_o within_o the_o same_o compass_n of_o time_n that_o you_o be_v upon_o the_o plow_a of_o it_o it_o shall_v not_o require_v one_o hour_n in_o the_o day_n more_o which_o if_o i_o shall_v accomplish_v you_o shall_v save_v near_o three_o part_n of_o your_o seed_n also_o and_o a_o considerable_a piece_n of_o labour_n too_o and_o not_o fail_v to_o have_v a_o better_a crop_n through_o the_o blessing_n of_o he_o that_o water_v all_o than_o ordinary_a wise_a all_o which_o i_o hope_v to_o have_v bring_v into_o substantial_a experience_n upon_o my_o own_o land_n by_o the_o next_o edition_n and_o then_o expect_v the_o faithful_a communication_n thereof_o one_o word_n more_o which_o will_v have_v come_v in_o more_o seasonable_a about_o the_o description_n of_o the_o plain_a plough_n and_o that_o be_v how_o to_o make_v a_o plough_n that_o may_v last_v many_o year_n ten_o or_o twelve_o or_o fifteen_o year_n yea_o i_o hear_v a_o workman_n affirm_v he_o will_v make_v one_o shall_v last_v twenty_o year_n as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o plough_n it_o be_v sufficient_o speak_v to_o already_o all_o lie_v in_o two_o thing_n one_o thing_n be_v the_o wood_n it_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o it_o the_o wood_n especial_a of_o the_o sheath_n and_o plough-head_n which_o be_v the_o material_a fundamental_a piece_n in_o the_o plough_n year_n must_v be_v make_v of_o heart_n of_o oak_n which_o to_o i_o at_o first_o seem_v strange_a but_o upon_o a_o full_a debate_n of_o the_o matter_n i_o find_v that_o if_o it_o be_v young_a tough_a oak_n &_o wrought_v so_o exact_a true_a in_o the_o joint_n as_o may_v be_v &_o keep_v so_o close_o board_v up_o as_o that_o water_n can_v get_v into_o any_o of_o they_o and_o lay_v always_o dry_a and_o so_o keep_v but_o while_o in_o work_v and_o every_o part_n of_o it_o well_o clout_a &_o plate_v with_o iron_n and_o draw_v close_o in_o the_o throat_n from_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o share_n through_o the_o head_n &_o part_n of_o the_o breast-board_n with_o a_o through_o iron_n pin_n which_o be_v to_o be_v wrought_v somewhat_o big_a under_o the_o head_n that_o so_o it_o may_v somewhat_o strain_v the_o share_n to_o a_o more_o perfect_a closure_n and_o strong_a stick_n to_o the_o head_n and_o well_o cotter_v up_o through_o the_o beam_n be_v bore_v with_o a_o long_o shank_v auger_n through_o all_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o wood_n to_o be_v young_a white_a tough_a ash_n and_o wrought_v complete_a and_o true_a in_o every_o joint_n &_o lay_v up_o when_o out_o of_o use_n both_o out_o of_o wind_n &_o weather_n &_o out_o of_o question_n a_o good_a plough_n may_v well_o serve_v a_o man_n uncertain_a life_n and_o so_o have_v as_o i_o hope_v in_o some_o good_a measure_n supply_v that_o deficiency_n in_o husbandry_n mr._n hartlips_n legacy_n charge_v we_o withal_o in_o the_o five_o page_n of_o his_o book_n and_o so_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o piece_n of_o improvement_n the_o three_o piece_n of_o improvement_n treat_v of_o welde_n woade_n and_o mad_a three_o rich_a commodity_n for_o the_o dyars_fw-mi chap._n xxxiiii_o only_a hold_n forth_o welde_n or_o will_v as_o some_o call_v it_o or_o more_o proper_o dyars-weed_n it_o be_v a_o rich_a dyars_n commodity_n describe_v bear_v a_o long_a narrow_a greenish_a yellow_a leaf_n and_o bring_v forth_o a_o yellow_a flower_n which_o run_v to_o a_o small_a seed_n far_o small_a than_o a_o mustard_n seed_n very_o thick_o set_v with_o seed_n pliny_n call_v it_o lute_v but_o virgyll_n call_v it_o lutum_fw-la and_o in_o our_o english_a welde_n or_o dyars-weed_n it_o flourish_v in_o june_n and_o july_n it_o in_o many_o place_n growth_n of_o itself_o in_o and_o about_o village_n and_o town_n and_o be_v of_o a_o very_a great_a use_n and_o consider_v the_o easy_a charge_n of_o the_o raise_n of_o it_o and_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o land_n upon_o which_o it_o will_v grow_v be_v of_o incomparable_a advantage_n for_o first_o it_o will_v grow_v of_o very_o indifferent_a land_n not_o worth_a above_o ten_o groat_n or_o half_a a_o crown_n per_fw-la acre_n yea_o as_o some_o affirm_v the_o very_a hilly_a barren_a chalky_a light_a land_n not_o worth_a twelve_o penny_n per_fw-la acre_n will_v carry_v it_o and_o bear_v it_o to_o very_o good_a purpose_n but_o unto_o so_o barren_a land_n i_o shall_v not_o give_v encouragement_n unless_o where_o there_o be_v little_a or_o none_o better_o but_o as_o any_o indifferent_a land_n so_o it_o be_v of_o a_o very_a dry_a warm_a nature_n it_o will_v do_v very_o well_o
unto_o as_o much_o more_o it_o have_v be_v sell_v from_o twenty_o pound_n the_o best_a woad_n to_o thirty_o pound_n and_o back_o again_o from_o thirty_o pound_n and_o twenty_o six_o pound_n down_o to_o six_o pound_n a_o tun._n chap._n xxxvi_o which_o discover_v the_o nature_n use_n and_o advantage_n of_o mad_a and_o so_o i_o shall_v descend_v to_o my_o three_o dyer_n commodity_n in_o relation_n to_o die_v or_o colour_v and_o that_o be_v to_o the_o story_n of_o mad_a that_o colour_n the_o rich_a and_o best_o solid_a red_a the_o which_o if_o i_o can_v so_o manage_v as_o to_o bring_v it_o unto_o the_o same_o progress_n as_o oad_o be_v bring_v unto_o in_o england_n i_o mean_v that_o whereas_o though_o very_o rare_o it_o be_v now_o plant_v in_o some_o garden_n and_o in_o some_o small_a plot_n of_o ground_n and_o do_v amount_v unto_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n to_o the_o planter_n by_o the_o set_v they_o sell_v forth_o and_o by_o the_o root_n they_o draw_v to_o vent_v to_o the_o apothecary_n and_o medicinable_o to_o other_o and_o yet_o so_o make_v a_o most_o excel_a value_n of_o their_o land_n indeed_o beyond_o credence_n some_o have_v make_v as_o i_o have_v be_v most_o credible_o inform_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o three_o hundred_o pound_n a_o acre_n in_o three_o year_n for_o so_o long_o it_o grow_v before_o it_o come_v unto_o perfection_n acre_n and_o other_o that_o have_v sell_v it_o wholesale_n a_o parcel_n together_o at_o the_o worst_a advantage_n after_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pound_n per_fw-la acre_n and_o some_o have_v out_o of_o small_a plot_n in_o garden_n make_v more_o than_o i_o have_v or_o will_v here_o affirm_v and_o however_o though_o i_o shall_v be_v so_o modest_a as_o to_o confess_v that_o much_o of_o your_o garden_n stuff_n may_v yield_v with_o the_o cost_n and_o labour_n that_o be_v continual_o apply_v thereto_o as_o much_o or_o more_o than_o here_o be_v speak_v of_o as_o i_o be_o confident_a i_o can_v name_v divers_a thing_n which_o some_o preserve_v as_o rich_a treasure_n in_o their_o brain_n and_o will_v not_o discover_v they_o yet_o this_o i_o shall_v affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o fundamental_a fruit_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o the_o plenty_n thereof_o will_v not_o much_o abate_v the_o market_n our_o die_a trade_n be_v supplyy_v herewith_o from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o erection_n of_o such_o a_o plantation_n as_o may_v bring_v it_o forth_o wrought_v up_o and_o fit_v to_o the_o dyars_n use_n and_o so_o be_v a_o supply_n to_o ourselves_o within_o ourselves_o i_o be_o confident_a be_v a_o design_n of_o incomparable_a good_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n especial_o it_o employ_v so_o many_o hand_n as_o will_v be_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o perfection_n it_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v a_o staple_n commodity_n and_o will_v turn_v land_n to_o as_o great_a a_o advance_v as_o any_o seed_n or_o root_n that_o it_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v and_o need_v no_o more_o fear_n want_v of_o market_n for_o the_o vent_n of_o it_o than_o we_o need_v for_o wool_n that_o staple_n commodity_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o because_o the_o discovery_n thereof_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n i_o shall_v spend_v a_o little_a more_o time_n in_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o whole_a frame_n hereof_o and_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o description_n of_o it_o there_o be_v bute_n on_o kind_n of_o mad_a which_o be_v manure_v and_o set_v for_o use_n mad_a but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n like_v thereto_o as_o goose-grass_n soft_a cliver_n lady_n bedshaw_n woodroof_n and_o croswort_n all_o which_o be_v like_a to_o mad_a leaf_n and_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o wild_a kind_n thereof_o it_o have_v long_a stalk_n or_o trail_a branch_n disperse_v upon_o the_o ground_n rough_a and_o full_a of_o joint_n and_o every_o joint_n set_v with_o green_a rough_a leaf_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o star_n the_o flower_n grow_v at_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o faint_a yellow_a colour_n after_o which_o come_v the_o seed_n round_o and_o green_a the_o root_n creep_v far_o abroad_o within_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n entangle_v one_o root_n into_o another_o and_o when_o it_o be_v green_a and_o fresh_a the_o root_n be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n it_o be_v small_a and_o tender_a but_o gather_v and_o run_v in_o the_o ground_n just_a like_o a_o ivy_n along_o a_o house_n or_o tree_n it_o be_v a_o commodity_n of_o much_o value_n patentees_n strive_v hard_o for_o it_o and_o patent_n be_v gain_v about_o it_o in_o the_o late_a king_n day_n and_o yet_o now_o in_o these_o time_n of_o freedom_n who_o pursue_v it_o for_o the_o make_n out_o a_o good_a plantation_n hereof_o i_o must_v do_v these_o three_o or_o four_o thing_n 1._o show_v you_o what_o it_o come_v of_o and_o how_o to_o plant_v it_o and_o preserve_v it_o 2._o how_o to_o get_v it_o and_o use_v it_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o saleable_a mad_a 3._o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n national_a and_o personal_a although_o it_o bear_v a_o seed_n yet_o that_o seed_n come_v not_o to_o perfection_n here_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v plant_v of_o the_o set_v that_o be_v to_o be_v get_v from_o the_o mad_a itself_o and_o they_o be_v be_v buy_v in_o many_o garden_n in_o london_n who_o keep_v up_o that_o plantation_n for_o the_o advantage_n of_o sell_v their_o set_n and_o root_n physical_o to_o the_o apothecary_n only_o all_o the_o skill_n be_v to_o distinguish_v of_o the_o goodness_n thereof_o and_o for_o the_o discovery_n thereof_o set_v first_o know_v the_o season_n of_o get_v or_o rather_o draw_v they_o which_o be_v in_o march_n and_o april_n yea_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v spring_v forth_o of_o the_o ground_n two_o or_o three_o inch_n long_o than_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a you_o get_v set_v root_v every_o set_v have_v some_o suckor_n or_o spiny_n of_o root_n go_v out_o from_o they_o they_o must_v be_v slip_v from_o the_o main_a root_n and_o these_o set_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o take_v up_o put_v into_o some_o 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