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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19451	The country-mans recreation, or the art of planting, graffing, and gardening in three bookes. The first declaring divers wayes of planting, and graffing ... also how to cleanse your grafts and cions, how to helpe barren and sicke trees, how to kill wormes and vermin and to preserve and keepe fruit, how to plant and proyne your vines, and to gather and presse your grape ... how to make your cider and perry ... The second treateth of the hop-garden, with necessary instructions for the making and the maintenance thereof ... Whereunto is added, the expert gardener, containing divers necessary and rare secrets belonging to that art ...	Mascall, Leonard, d. 1589. Booke of the arte and maner, howe to plant and graffe all sortes of trees. aut; Scot, Reginald, 1538?-1599. Perfite platforme of a hoppe garden. aut	1640 (1640)	STC 5874; ESTC S108874	101,331	202

little house must be built of length xviii or xix foot of widenesse eight wherein must be comprehended three severall roomes The middle and principall roome must be for your Oste eight foote square The fore-part which is to containe your greene Hops and the hinder part which must receive your dryed Hops will fall out to be five foote long and eight foote wide a peece The chiefe matters that are to be by me described herein are the Furnace below wherein the fire is to be made and the bed above whereon the Hops must lye to be dryed this I have chiefly to advise you of that you build the whole house and every part thereof as close as you can and to place it neare to your Garden for the better expedition of your work and somewhat distant from your house to avoid the danger of fire Of the Furnace or Keele THe floore or nether part of your Furnace must be aboue thirteene inches wide The depth or height thereof must be thirty inches The length of it must be about sixe or seaven foote that is to say reaching from the forepart of the Oste almost to the further end thereof so as there be left no more roome but as a man may passe betweene the wall and the end of it It must be made wide below and narrow above fashioned in outward shape somewhat like to the roofe of an house Jt must have three rowes of holes at each side the length of one Brick asunder and the bignesse of halfe a Bricke placed checkerwise Before you begin to make your holes you should lay two rowes of Bricke and when your three rankes of holes are pl●ced upon them you must lay againe over them another row of Bricke and upon the same you must place your last and highest course and they must stand long-wise as it were a tiptoe the tops of the Bricks meeting together above the nether part of them resting upon the uppermost course and note that till then each side must be built alongst directly upward You should leave almost a foot space betweene the mouth of your Furnace and your rowes of holes especially of that row which is nethermost The further or hinder end of your Furnace the which is opposite to the mouth thereof must be built flat with an upright wall and there must also be left holes as at the sides The Furnace in the top J meane from the upper course of h●les must be dawbed very well with morter And so upon the top of your Furnace there will remaine a gutter whereupon the Flemmins use to bake Apples c. and the highest part thereof will reach within two foote and lesse of the Oste The hindermost part or further end of the Furnace One side of the Furnace The mouth and forepart of the Furnace Of the bed or upper floore of the Oste wherein the Hops must be dryed THe bed or upper floore whereon the Hops shall lye to be dryed must be placed almost five foote above the neather floore whereon the Furnace standeth The two walls at each side of the house serve for the bed to rest upon two wayes Now must two other walls be built at each end of your Oste whereon the other two parts of the bed must rest and by this meanes shall you have a close square roome beneath betwixt the lower floore and the bed so as the floore below shall be as wide as the bed above These two walls must also be made foure foot above the bed that is to say about nine foot high At the one end below besides the mouth of the furnace you must make a little doore into the roome beneath the bed At the other end above the bed you must make a Window to shove off from the bed the dryed Hops downe into the room● below prepared for them The bed should be made as the bed of any other Oste saving that the Railes or Laths which serve therefore must be sawne very even one inch square and laid one quarter of an inch asunder But there may be no more beames to stay the Laths but one and the same must be laid flat and not on edge in the middest from one end of that roome to the other and the Laths must be let into the same beame so as the upper side of the beame and all the Laths may lye even The Window printed unto may not s●and below in the nether rowe but above as is before declared And now once againe wishing you to make every doore Window and joynt of this house close I will leave building and proceed to the drying of Hops saving that I may not omit to tell you that you should either build all the walls of this roome with Brick● or else with Lime and Haire pargit them over and at the least that wall wherein the mouth of the Furnace standeth be made of Bricke And although I have delayed you from time to time and brought you from place to place and tediously led you in and out and too and fro in the demonstration hereof yet must J be bold to bring you round about againe even to the place where I left you picking from whence you must speedily convey your pickt Hops to the place built and prepared for them and with as much speed hasten the drying of them The orderly Drying of Hoppes THe first businesse that is to be done herein is to goe up to the bed of the Oste and there to receive Baskets filled with Hops at the hands of one that standeth below Then beginning at the further end least you should tread on them lay downe Basketfull by Basketfull till the floore or bed be all covered alwayes stirring them even and levell with a Cudgell so as they may lye about a foote and a halfe thicke and note that upon this Oste there is no Oste-cloth to be used Now must you come downe to make your fire in the Furnace for the kindling whereof your old broken Poles are very good howbeit for the continuance and maintenance of this fire that wood is best which is not too dry and somewhat great Your Hop stalkes or any other straw is not to bee used herein You shall not need to lay the wood through to the farther end of your Furnace for the fire made in the fore-pare thereof will bend that way so as the heate will universally and indifferently ascend and proceed out of every hole You must keepe herein a continuall and hote fire howbeit you must stirre it as little as you can Neither may you stirre the Hops that lye upon the Oste untill they be throughly dryed When they are dry above then are they ready to be removed away and yet sometimes it happeneth that through the disorderly laying of them they are not so soone dry in one place as they are in another The way to helpe that matter is to take a little Pole wherewith you shall sensibly feele and perceive which be and

to digge it and dung it well throughout a large foote deepe in the earth And when as ye will set them every one in his place made before with a crow of Iron and for to make them take roote the better ye shall put with your Plants watred Otes or Barley and so ye shall let them grow the space of three or foure yeares or when they shall be well branched then ye may remove them and if ye breake off the old stubby roote and set them lower they will last a long time the more If some of those Plants doe chance to put forth Cions from the roote and being so rooted ye must plucke them up though they be tender and set them in other places Of Cions without Rootes IF that the said Plants have Cions without any Rootes but which come from the tree roote beneath then cut them not of till they be of two or three yeares growth by that time they will gather rootes to be replanted in other places To Plant the Fig-tree THe said Plants taken of Fig-trees graffed be the best Ye may likewise take other sorts of Fig-trees and graffe one upon the other for like as upon the wild Trees doe come the Pepins even so the Figge but not so soone to prosper and grow How to set Quinces LIkewise the nature of Quinces is to spring if they be pricked as aforesaid in the earth but sometimes J have grafted with great difficulty saith mine Author upon a white Thorne and it hath taken and borne fruit to looke on faire but in tast more weaker then the other The way to set Mulberries THere is also another way to set Mulberries as followeth which is if you doe cut in Winter certaine great Mulberry boughes or stockes asunder in the body with a Saw in troncheons a foote long or more then ye shall make a great furrow in good earth well and deepe so that ye may cover well again your Troncheons in setting them an end halfe a foote one from another then cover them againe that the earth may be above those ends three or foure fingers high so let them remaine and water them in Summer if need be sometimes and cleanse them from all hurtfull weeds and rootes Note one of the same THat then within a space of time after the said tronchions will put forth Cions the which when they be somewhat sprigged having two or three small twigs then ye may transplant or remove them where ye list but leave your troncheons still in the earth for they will put forth many motions the which if they shall have scanty of roote then dung your troncheons within with good earth and likewise above also and they shall doe well The time meet to cut Cions VNderstand also that all trees the which commonly doe put forth Cions if ye cut them in Winter they will put forth and spring more aboundantly for then they be all good to Set and Plant. To set Bush-trees or Gooseberries or small Raisons THere be many other kind of Bush-trees which will grow of Cions pricked in the ground as the Gooseberry-tree the small Raison-tree the Barberry-tree the Blacke Thorne-tree these with many others to be planted in Winter will grow without rootes ye must also proine them and they will take well enough so likewise ye may pricke in March of Oziers in moyst grounds and they will grow and serve to many purposes for your Garden CHAP. V. Treateth of foure manner of Graffings IT is to be understood that there be many wayes of Graffings whereof I have here only put foure sorts the which be good both sure and well proved and easie to doe the which ye may use well in two parts of the yeare and more for I have saith he graffed in our house in every moneth except October and November and they have taken well which J have saith he in the Winter begun to graffe and in the Summer grafted in the Scutchine or shield according to the time forward or slow for certaine Trees specially young faire Cions have enough or more of their sappe unto the middle of August then other some had at Midsommer before The first way to graffe all sorts of Trees ANd first of all it is to be noted that all sorts of francke Trees as also wild Trees of nature may be grafted with grafts and in the Scutchion and both doe well take but specially those Trees which be of like nature therefore it is better so to graffe Howbeit they may well grow and take of other sorts of trees but certaine trees be not so good nor will prosper so well in the end How to graffe Apple-trees Peare-trees Quince-trees and Medlar-trees THey graffe the Peare-graffe on other Peare-stockes and Apple upon Apple stocke Crab or Wilding stocke the Quince and Medlar upon the white Thorne but most commonly they use to graft one Apple upon another and both Peares and Quinces they graft on Hawthorne and Crab-stocke And other kind of fruit called in French Saulfey they use to graft on the Willow stocke the manner thereof is hard to doe which I have not seene therefore J will let it passe at this present The Graffing of great Cherries THey graffe the great Cherry called in French Heaulmiers upon the Crabbe Stocke and another long Cherry called Guiniers upon the wild or sowre Cherry-tree and likewise one Cherry upon another To graffe Medlars THe Misple or Medlar they may be grafted on other Medlars or on white Thorne the Quince is grafted on the white or blacke Thorne and they doe prosper well I have grafted saith he the Quince upon a wild Peare Stocke and it hath taken and borne fruit well and good but they will not long endure I beleeve saith he it was because the graft was not able enough to draw the sap from the Peare stocke Some graft the Medlar on the Quince to be great And it is to be noted although the Stocke and the Graft be of contrary natures yet notwithstanding neither the Graft nor Scutchion shall take any part of the nature of the wild stocke so grafted though it be Peare Apple or Quince which is contrary against many which have written that if ye graft the Medlar upon the Quince-tree they shall be without stones which is abusive and mockery For J have saith he proved the contrary my selfe Of divers kind of Graffes IT is very true that one may set a Tree which shall beare divers sorts of fruit at once if he be grafted with divers kind of grafts as the blacke white and greene Cherry togegether and also Apples of other Trees as Apples and Peares together and in the Scutchion ye may graft likewise of divers kinds also as on Peares Apricocks and Plums together and of others also Of the graffing of the Figge YE may graft the Fig-tree upon the Peach tree or Apricock but leave a branch on the stocke and there must be according for the space of yeares for the one shall change

sooner then the other All Trees abovesaid doe take very well being grafted one with the other And I have not knowne or found of any others howbeit saith he I have curiously sought and proved because they say one may graft on Coleworts or on Elmes the which I thinke are but Iests Of the great Apricocke THe great Apricocke they graft in Summer in the Scutchion or Shield in the sappe or bark of the lesser Apricock and be grafted on Peach-trees Fig-trees and principally on Damson or Plum trees for there they will prosper the better Of the Service-trees OF the Service tree they say and write that they may hardly be grafted on other Service-trees either on Apple-trees Peare or Quince-trees and I beleeve this to bee very hard to doe for I have tryed saith he and they would not prove The Setting of Service-trees THerefore it is much better to set them of Curnels as it is aforesaid as also in the second Chapter of planting of Cions or other great Trees which must be cut in Winter as such as shall be most meete for that purpose Trees which be very hard to be grafted in the Shield or Scutchion ALL other manner of Trees aforesaid doe take very well to be graffed with Cions and also in the Shield except Apricocks on Peaches Almonds Percigniers the Peach-tree doe take hardly to be graffed but in the shield in Summer as shall be more largely hereafter declared As for the Almond Percigniers and Peaches ye may better set them of Curnels and Nuts whereby they shall the sooner come to perfection to be graffed How a man ought to consider those Trees which be commonly charged with fruit YE shall understand that in the beginning of graffing ye must consider what sorts of Trees doe most charge the stocke with branch and fruit or that doe love the Country or Ground whereas you intend to plant or graffe them for better it were to have abundance of fruit then to have very few or none Of Trees whereon to choose your Graffes OF such Trees as ye will gather your Graffes to graffe with ye must take them at the ends of the principall Branches which be also faire and greatest of Sappe having two or three fingers length of the old wood with the new and those Cions which eyes somewhat nigh together are the best for those which be long are farre one from another and not so good to bring fruit The Cions towards the East are best YE shall understand that those Cions which doe grow on the East or Orient part of the Tree are best ye must not lightly gather of the evill and slender graffes which grow in the middest of the Trees nor any graffes which doe grow within on the branches or that doe spring from the stocke of the Tree nor yet graftes which be on very old Trees for thereby ye shall not lightly profit to any purpose To chuse your Tree for Graffes ANd when the Trees whereas you intend to gather your graftes be small and yong as of five or sixe years growth doe not take of the highest grafts thereof nor the greatest except it be of a small Tree of two or three yeares the which commonly hath too much of toppe or wood otherwise not for you shall but marre your graffing How to keepe Graffes a long time YE may keepe graftes a long time good as from Alhallontide so that the leaves be fallen unto the time of graffing if that they be well covered in the earth halfe a foot deep therin and so that none of them doe appeare without the earth How to keepe Graffes before they are budded ALso doe not gather them except ye have great need untill Christmas or there-abouts and put them not in the ground nigh any walles for feare of Moles Mice and water marring the place and graftes It shall be good to keepe graftes in the earth before they begin to bud when that ye will graft betwixt the barke and the Tree and when the Trees begin to enter into their sappe How one ought to begin to Graffe ALso ye must begin to graft in cleaving the stocke at Christmas or before according to the coldnesse of the time and principally the Healme or great Cherry Peares Wardens or forward fruit of Apples and for Medlars it is good to tarry untill the end of Ianuary and February untill March or untill such time as ye shall see Trees begin to bud or spring When it is good Graffing the wild Stockes IN the Spring time it is good Graffing of wild Stockes which be great betwixt the barke and the tree such stocks as are to be of later Spring and kept in the earth before The Damson or Plum tarrieth longest to be grafted for they doe not shew or put forth sappe as soone as the other Marke if the Tree be forward or not ALso consider you alwayes whether the Tree be forward or not or to be grafted soone or lateward and to give him also a graffe of the like hast or slownesse even so ye must marke the time whether it be slow or forward When one will graffe what necessaries he ought to be furnished withall VVHensoever ye goe to graffing see ye be first furnished with grafts clay and mosse clothes or barkes of sallow to bind likewise withall Also ye must have a small Saw and a sharpe knife to cleave and cut Graffes withall But it were much better if ye should cut your grafts with a great Penknife or some other like sharpe knife having also a small wedge of hard wood or of Iron with a hooked knife and also a small Mallet And your wild stockes must be well rooted before ye do graffe them and be not so quick to deceive your selves as those which doe graffe and plant all at one time yet they shall not profit so well for where the wild stock hath not substance in himselfe much lesse to give unto the other grafts for when a man thinkes sometimes to forward himselfe he doth hinder himselfe Of Graffes not prospering the first yeare YE shall understand that very hardly your Graffes shall prosper after if they doe not profit or prosper well in the first yeare for whensoever in the first yeare they profit well it were better to graft them somewhat lower then to let them so remaine and grow For to graffe well and sound ANd for the best understanding of Graffing in the cleft ye shall first cut away all the small Cions about the body of the stocke beneath and before ye begin to cleave your stocke dresse and cut your graffes somewhat thick and ready then cleave your stocke and as the cleft is small or great if need be part it smooth within then cut your incision of your grafts accordingly and set them in the clefts as even and as close as ye can possible How to trim your Graffes ALso ye may graft your Graffes full as long as two or three trunchions or cut Grafts which ye may

the upper side of each roote so cut may be longest in setting and for the small Rootes which come forth all about thereof ye may not cut them off as the great rootes How ye ought to enlarge the holes for your Trees when ye Plant them FOr when as ye set the Trees in the holes ye must then enlarge the rootes in placing them and see that they take all downe-wards without turning any rootes the end upward and ye must not plant or set them too deepe in the earth but as ye shall see cause It shall be sufficient for them to be planted or set halfe a foote or there-abouts in the earth so that the earth be above all the rootes halfe a foote or more if the place be not very burning and stony Of Dung and good Earth for your Plants and Trees ANd when as ye would replant or set ye must have of good fat Earth or Dung well mingled with a part of the same earth whereas ye tooke your plants out of with all the upper crests of the earth as thicke as ye can have it the said earth which ye shall put about the rootes must not be put too nigh the roots for doubt of the dung being laid too nigh which will put the said rootes in a heate but let it be well mingled with the other earth and well tempered in the holes and the smallest and slenderest Cions that turnes up among those Rootes ye may plant there very well If ye have wormes amongst the Earth of your Rootes IF there be wormes in the fat Earth or Dung that ye put about your roots ye must mingle it well also with the dung of Oxen or Kine or slekt Sope-ashes about the Roote which will make the wormes to dye for otherwise they will hurt greatly the Rootes To digge well the earth about the Tree Rootes ALso ye must digge well the earth principally all round over the rootes and more oftner if they be dry then if they be wet ye must not plant or set Trees when it raineth nor the earth to be very moyst about the rootes The Trees that be planted or set in Vallies commonly prosper well by Drought and when it raineth they that be on the Hills are better by watering with drops then others but if the place or ground be moist of nature ye must plant or set your Trees not so deepe thereon The nature of Places ON high and dry places ye must plant or set your Trees a little more deeper then in the Vallies and ye must not fill the holes in high places so full as the other to the end that the Raine may better moysten them Of good Earth VNderstand also that of good earth commonly commeth good fruit but in certaine places if they might be suffered to grow they would season the Tree the better Otherwise they shall not come to proofe nor yet have a good tast With what ye ought to bind your Trees VVHensoever your Trees shall be replanted or set ye must knocke by the roote a stake and bind your Trees thereto for feare of the wind and when they doe spring ye shall dresse them and bind them with bands that may not breake which bands may be of strong soft hearbes as Bulrushes or such like or of old linnen clouts if the other be not strong enough or else ye may bind them with Oziers or such like for feare of fretting or hurting your Trees CHAP. VII Of medicining and keeping the Trees when they are planted The first councell is when your Trees be but Plants in dry weather they must be watered THe young trees which be newly Planted must sometimes in Summer be watred when the time waxeth dry at the least the first yeare after they be planted or set But as for the greater trees which are well taken and rooted a good time ye must dig them all over the rootes after Alhallontide and uncover them foure or five foote compasse about the roofe of the tree and let them so lye uncovered untill the latter end of Winter And if ye doe then mingle about each tree of good fat earth or dung to heate and comfort the earth withall it shall be good With what Dung ye ought to Dung your Trees ANd principally unto Mossie trees dung them with Hogs dung mingled with other earth of the same ground and let the dung of Oxen be next about the roots and ye shall also abate the Mosse of the Trees with a great knife of wood or such like so that ye hurt not the barke thereof When ye ought to uncover your Trees in Summer IN the time of Summer when the earth is scantly halfe moist it shall be good to digge at the foote of the Trees all about on the roote such as not have beene uncovered in the Winter before and to mingle it with good fat earth and so fill it againe and they shall doe well When ye ought to cut or proyne your Trees ANd if there be in your Trees certaine Branches of superfluous wood that ye will cut off tarry untill the time of the entring in of the Sappe that is when they begin to bud as in March and Aprill Then cut off as ye shall see cause all such superfluous Branches hard by the Tree that thereby the other Branches may prosper the better for then they shall sooner close their sappe upon the cut places then in the Winter which should not doe so well to cut them as certaine doe teach which have not good experience But for so much as in this time the Trees be entring into the Sappe as is aforesaid Take heed therefore in cutting then off your great Branches hastily that through their great waight they doe not cleave or separate the Barke from the Tree in any part thereof How to cut your great Branches and when ANd for the better remedy first you shall cut the same great Branches halfe a foote from the tree and after to saw the rest cleane hard by the body of the Tree then with a broad Chizell cut all cleane and smooth upon that place then cover it with Oxe Dung Ye may also cut them well in Winter so that ye leave the trunke or branch somewhat longer so as ye may dresse and cut them againe in March and Aprill as is before mentioned How ye ought to leave these great Branches cut OTher things here are to be shewed of certaine grafts and old Trees onely which in cutting the great branches thereof truncheon-wise doe renue againe as Walnuts Mulberry-trees Plum-trees Cherry-trees with others which ye must disbranch the boughes thereof even after Alhallontide or as soone as their leaves be fallen off and likewise before they begin to enter into Sappe Of Trees having great Branches THe said great Branches when ye shall disbranch them ye shall so cut them off in such Truncheons to lengthen the Trees that the one may be longer then the other that when the Cions be growne good and long

thereon ye may graffe on them againe as ye shall see cause according as every arme shall require Of barrennesse of trees the time of cutting all branches and of uncovering the Rootes SOmetimes a man hath certaine old Trees which be almost spent as of the Peare-trees and Plum-trees and other great Trees the which beare scant of fruit but when as ye shall see some Branches well charged therewith then ye ought to cut off all the other ill Branches and Boughes to the end that those that remaine may have the more Sap to nourish their fruit and also to uncover their rootes after Alhallontide and to cleave the most greatest rootes thereof a foote from the trunke and put into the said clefts a thin state of hard stone there let it remaine to the end that the humour of the Tree may enter out thereby and at the end of Winter ye shall cover him againe with as good fat earth as ye can get and let the stone alone Trees which ye must helpe or plucke up by the Rootes ALL sorts of Trees which spring Cions from the Rootes as Plum-trees all kind of Cherry-trees and small Nut-trees ye must helpe in plucking their Cions from their roots in Winter as soone as conveniently ye can after the leafe is fallen For they doe greatly plucke downe and weaken the said trees in drawing to them the substance of the earth What doth make a good Nut. BUt chiefly to plant these Cions the best way is to let them grow and be nourished two or three years from the roote and then to transplant them or set them in the Winter as is aforesaid The Cions which be taken from the foote of the Hasell-trees make good Nuts and to be of much strength and vertue when they are not suffered to grow too long from the Roote or foote aforesaid Trees eaten with Beasts must be graffed againe VVHen certaine graffes being well in Sappe of three or foure yeares or thereabouts be broken or greatly endamaged with beasts which have broked thereof it shall little profit to leave those Graffes so but it were better to cut them and to graffe them higher or lower then they were before For the Graffes shall take as well upon the new as old Cion being graffed as on the wild stocke But it shall not so soone close as upon the wild stocke-head How your wild Stockes ought not hastily to be removed IN the beginning when ye have graffed your Graffes on the wild Stocke doe not then hastily plucke up those Cions or wild stockes so graffed untill ye shall see the graffes put forth a new sheute the which remaining still ye may graffe thereon againe so that your graffes in hasty removing may chance to dye When ye cut off the naughty Cions from the Wood. VVHen your Graffes on the stockes shall put forth of new wood or a new sheute as of two or three foot long and if they put forth also of other small superfluous Cions about the said members or branches that ye would nourish cut off all such ill Cions hard by the head in the same yeare they are graffed in but not so long as the wood is in Sappe till the Winter after How sometimes to cut the principall Members ALso it is good to cut some of the principall Members or Branches in the first Yeare if they have too many and then againe within two or three yeares after when they shall be well sprung up and the graffes well closed on the head of the stocke ye may trimme and dresse them againe in taking away the superfluous branches if any there remaine for it is sufficient enough to nourish a young Tree to leave him one principall Member on the head so that he may be one of those that hath beene grafted on the Tree before yea and the Tree shall be fairer and better in the end then if he had two or three branches or precidence at the foote But if the Tree have beene graffed with many great Cions then you must leave him more largely according as ye shall see cause or need to recover the clefts on the head of the said graffe or stocke How to guide and governe the said Trees VVHen that your Trees doe begin to spring ye must order and see to them well the space of three or foure yeares or more untill they be well and strongly grown in helping them above in cutting the small twigs and superfluous wood untill they be so high without branches as a man or more if it may be and then see to them well in placing the principall branches if need be with forkes or wands prickt right and well about them at the foot and to proine them so that one branch doe not approach too nigh the other nor yet fret the one the other when as they doe enlarge and grow and ye must also cut off certaine branches in the Tree where as they are too thicke A kind of Sicknesse in Trees LIkewise when certaine Trees are sicke of the Gall which is a kind of Sicknesse that doth eate the Barke therefore ye must cut it and take out all the same infection with a little Chizell or such like thing This must be done at the end of Winter then put on that infected place of Oxe Dung or Hogs Dung and bind it fast thereon with Cloutes and wrap it with Oziers so let it remaine a long time till it shall recover againe Trees which have Wormes in the Barke OF Trees which have Wormes within their Barkes is where as ye shall see a swelling or rising therein therefore ye must cut or cleave the said barke unto the wood to the end the humour may also distill out thereat and with a little hooke ye must plucke or draw out the said wormes withall the rotten wood ye can see then shall ye put upon the said place a Plaister made of Oxe Dung or Hogs Dung mingled and beaten with Sage and a little of unsleckt Lime then let it be all well boild together and wrap it on a cloth and bind it fast and close thereon so long as it will hold The Lees of Wine shed or powred upon the Rootes of Trees the which be somewhat sicke through the coldnesse of the Earth which Lees doth them much good Snayles Ants and Wormes doth marre Trees ALso ye must take heed of all manner of young trees and specially of those graffes the which many Wormes and Flyes doe endamage and hurt in the time of Summer those are the Snailes the Pismires or Ants the field Snaile which hurteth also all other sorts of Trees that be great principally in the time that the Cuckow doth sing and betwixt Aprill and Midsommer while they be tender There be little Beasts called Sowes which have many Legs and some of them be gray some black and some hath a long sharpe snowt which be very noysome and great hurters of young Graffes and other young Trees also for they cut them off in eating