magnificent_a though_o barbarous_a monument_n on_o salisbury_n plain_a nor_o any_o that_o have_v such_o a_o table_n in_o the_o midst_n as_o the_o kromlech_n here_o describe_v whereas_o several_a of_o we_o in_o wales_n have_v it_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o much_o less_o and_o very_o often_o this_o table_n or_o a_o kist-vaen_a be_v find_v without_o any_o circle_n of_o stone_n and_o sometime_o on_o the_o contrary_a circle_n of_o stone_n without_o any_o kist-vaen_a or_o other_o stone_n in_o the_o midst_n but_o this_o we_o need_v not_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o for_o though_o they_o shall_v agree_v exact_o yet_o be_v we_o not_o therefore_o oblige_v to_o acknowledge_v our_o monument_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o dane_n for_o as_o one_o nation_n since_o the_o plant_n of_o christianity_n have_v imitate_v another_o in_o their_o church_n chapel_n sepulchral_v monument_n etc._n etc._n so_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o paganism_n the_o rite_n and_o custom_n in_o religion_n must_v have_v be_v derive_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o and_o i_o think_v it_o probable_a shall_v we_o make_v diligent_a enquiry_n that_o there_o may_v be_v monument_n of_o this_o kind_n still_o extant_a in_o the_o less_o frequent_v place_n of_o germany_n france_n and_o spain_n if_o not_o also_o in_o italy_n but_o i_o fear_v i_o have_v too_o long_o detain_v the_o reader_n with_o probability_n and_o shall_v therefore_o only_o add_v that_o whatever_o else_o have_v be_v the_o use_n of_o these_o monument_n it_o be_v very_o evident_a they_o have_v be_v some_o of_o they_o at_o least_o use_v as_o burial_n place_n see_v mr._n aubrey_n in_o that_o part_n of_o his_o monumenta_fw-la britannica_fw-la he_o entitle_v templa_fw-la druidum_fw-la give_v we_o some_o instance_n of_o human_a skeleton_n find_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o one_o or_o two_o of_o they_o in_o wiltshire_n and_o dr._n garden_n in_o his_o forementioned_a letter_n affirm_v that_o some_o person_n yet_o live_v have_v dug_n ash_n out_o of_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o little_a circle_n set_v about_o with_o stone_n stand_v close_o together_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o one_o of_o those_o monument_n near_o the_o church_n of_o keig_n in_o the_o shire_n of_o aberdeen_n and_o add_v far_a that_o in_o the_o shire_n of_o inverness_n and_o parish_n of_o enner_n allen_n there_o be_v one_o of_o these_o monument_n call_v the_o chapel_n of_o tilligorum_n alias_o capel_n mac-mulach_a which_o be_v full_a of_o grave_n and_o be_v within_o the_o memory_n of_o some_o live_n a_o ordinary_a place_n of_o burial_n at_o least_o for_o poor_a people_n and_o continue_v to_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n for_o stranger_n and_o child_n that_o die_v without_o baptism_n we_o have_v not_o room_n here_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o other_o monument_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o this_o county_n afford_v and_o shall_v therefore_o only_o observe_v that_o in_o newport-parish_n there_o be_v five_o of_o these_o table_n or_o altar_n that_o we_o may_v distinguish_v they_o by_o some_o name_n place_v near_o each_o other_o which_o some_o conjecture_n to_o have_v be_v once_o encompass_v with_o a_o circle_n of_o stone-pillar_n for_o that_o there_o be_v two_o stone_n yet_o stand_v near_o they_o but_o these_o be_v nothing_o comparable_a in_o bigness_n to_o the_o gromlech_n here_o describe_v and_o not_o raise_v above_o three_o foot_n high_a nor_o be_v they_o support_v with_o pillar_n but_o stone_n place_v edgewise_o and_o so_o be_v rather_o of_o that_o kind_n of_o monument_n we_o call_v kistieu-maen_a or_o stone-chest_n than_o kromlecheu_a i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n that_o there_o be_v also_o in_o nevern-parish_n beside_o the_o gromlech_n another_o monument_n call_v common_o lhech_v y_o drybedh_n i.e._n tripodium_fw-la and_o by_o some_o the_o altarstone_n it_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n and_o about_o twelve_o yard_n in_o circumference_n place_v on_o four_o stone_n whereof_o one_o be_v useless_a as_o not_o touch_v it_o scarce_a two_o foot_n high_a at_o the_o south-end_n it_o be_v about_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o thickness_n but_o sensible_o thin_a to_o the_o other_o end_n where_o it_o exceed_v not_o four_o inch_n at_o which_o end_n there_o be_v cut_v such_o a_o ductus_fw-la or_o conveyance_n as_o may_v serve_v to_o carry_v off_o any_o liquid_a that_o shall_v run_v down_o but_o to_o what_o purpose_v it_o be_v design_v i_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o conjecture_v y_fw-fr maen_fw-la sigl_n sigl_n y_fw-fr maen_fw-la sigl_n or_o the_o rocking-stone_n deserve_v also_o to_o be_v mention_v here_o although_o have_v never_o see_v it_o myself_o i_o be_o not_o full_o satisfy_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o monument_n or_o as_o mr._n owen_n seem_v to_o suppose_v pure_o accidental_a but_o by_o the_o account_n i_o hear_v of_o it_o i_o suspect_v it_o rather_o a_o effect_n of_o human_a industry_n than_o chance_n this_o shake_a stone_n say_v he_o may_v be_v see_v on_o a_o sea-cliff_n within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o st._n david_n be_v it_o be_v so_o vast_a that_o i_o presume_v it_o may_v exceed_v the_o draught_n of_o a_o hundred_o ox_n and_o altogether_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a the_o occasion_n of_o the_o name_n be_v for_o that_o be_v mount_v upon_o divers_a other_o stone_n about_o a_o yard_n in_o height_n it_o be_v so_o equal_o poise_v that_o a_o man_n may_v shake_v it_o with_o one_o finger_n so_o that_o five_o or_o six_o man_n sit_v on_o it_o shall_v perceive_v themselves_o move_v thereby_o but_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o since_o this_o worthy_a gentleman_n write_v the_o history_n of_o this_o country_n viz._n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n some_o of_o the_o rebel-souldier_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n much_o note_v and_o therefore_o superstitious_a do_v with_o some_o difficulty_n so_o alter_v its_o position_n as_o to_o render_v it_o almost_o immovable_a there_o be_v also_o a_o rocking-stone_n in_o ireland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o dunegall_a and_o parish_n of_o clunmany_n no_o less_o remarkable_a than_o this_o call_v by_o the_o vulgar_a magarl_n fhin_n mhic_a cuill_n which_o be_v describe_v to_o be_v of_o a_o vast_a bigness_n and_o somewhat_o of_o a_o piramidall_a form_n place_v on_o a_o flat_a stone_n the_o small_a end_n downward_o but_o whether_o by_o accident_n or_o human_a industry_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o further_a enquiry_n in_o the_o churchyard_n at_o nevern_n nevern_n nevern_n on_o the_o north-side_n i_o observe_v a_o rude_a stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n about_o two_o yard_n in_o height_n of_o a_o triquetrous_a form_n with_o another_o small_a angle_n have_v on_o the_o southside_n this_o inscription_n which_o seem_v old_a than_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o church_n and_o be_v perhaps_o the_o epitaph_n of_o a_o roman_a soldier_n for_o i_o guess_v it_o must_v be_v read_v vitelliani_fw-la emeriti_fw-la there_o be_v also_o a_o inscription_n within_o this_o church_n which_o to_o i_o be_v equal_o obscure_a and_o seem_v more_o like_a greek_a than_o roman_a character_n whereof_o the_o follow_a copy_n be_v send_v i_o by_o mr._n william_n gambold_n of_o exeter-college_n oxon_n who_o i_o presume_v have_v transcribe_v it_o with_o due_a exactness_n the_o stone_n be_v pitch_v on_o end_n not_o two_o foot_n high_a and_o be_v round_o at_o top_n about_o which_o these_o letter_n be_v cut_v like_o the_o monument_n describe_v at_o mynydh_n gelhi_n onnen_n in_o glamorganshire_n i_o receive_v also_o from_o the_o same_o hand_n the_o follow_a inscription_n copy_v from_o a_o stone_n among_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n dogmael_n which_o he_o describe_v to_o be_v seven_o foot_n in_o length_n two_o in_o breadth_n and_o six_o inch_n thick_a the_o latter_a of_o these_o word_n cunotami_n i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o british_a name_n and_o the_o same_o with_o what_o we_o call_v kynèdha_n or_o kynèdhav_n but_o the_o former_a be_v a_o name_n i_o can_v parallel_v with_o any_o now_o use_v or_o extant_a in_o our_o genealogical_a manuscript_n in_o this_o county_n there_o be_v divers_a ancient_a tumuli_fw-la or_o artificial_a mount_n for_o urn-burial_n whereof_o the_o most_o notable_a i_o have_v see_v be_v those_o four_o call_v krìgeu_n kèmaes_n or_o the_o barrow_n of_o kemaes_n one_o of_o which_o a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n gloin_n neighbourhood_n mr._n lloyd_n of_o kwm_n gloin_n out_o of_o curiosity_n and_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o some_o friend_n cause_v late_o to_o be_v dug_n and_o discover_v therein_o five_o urn_n which_o contain_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o burn_a bone_n and_o ash_n one_o of_o these_o together_o with_o the_o bone_n and_o ash_n it_o contain_v be_v late_o present_v to_o the_o ashmolean_a repository_n at_o oxford_n by_o the_o worshipful_a john_n fillip_v of_o dôl_n haidh_n esquire_n i_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o determine_v what_o nation_n these_o barrow_n do_v belong_v to_o though_o from_o the_o rudeness_n of_o
as_o ever_o they_o add_v that_o it_o be_v see_v on_o stormy_a as_o well_o as_o calm_a night_n and_o all_o weather_n alike_o but_o that_o any_o great_a noise_n such_o as_o the_o sound_n of_o horn_n the_o discharge_n of_o gun_n etc._n etc._n do_v repel_v or_o extinguish_v it_o by_o which_o mean_n it_o be_v suppose_v they_o have_v save_v several_a ricks_n of_o hay_n and_o corn_n for_o it_o scarce_o fire_v any_o thing_n else_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o presume_v be_v whole_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o no_o historian_n or_o philosopher_n describe_v any_o such_o meteor_n for_o we_o never_o read_v that_o any_o of_o those_o fiery_a exhalation_n distinguish_v by_o the_o several_a name_n of_o ignis_fw-la fatuus_fw-la ignis_fw-la lambens_fw-la scintillae_fw-la volantes_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v have_v such_o effect_n as_o thus_o to_o poison_v the_o air_n or_o grass_n so_o as_o to_o render_v it_o infectious_a and_o mortal_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n moreover_o we_o have_v no_o example_n of_o any_o fire_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v of_o such_o consistence_n as_o to_o kindle_v hay_n and_o corn_n to_o consume_v barn_n and_o house_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o any_o describe_v to_o move_v so_o regular_o as_o this_o which_o several_a have_v observe_v to_o proceed_v constant_o to_o and_o from_o the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o eight_o month_n wherefore_o see_v the_o effect_n be_v altogether_o strange_a and_o unusual_a they_o that_o will_v account_v for_o it_o must_v search_v out_o some_o cause_v no_o less_o extraordinary_a but_o in_o regard_n that_o may_v not_o be_v do_v if_o at_o all_o without_o make_v observation_n for_o some_o time_n upon_o the_o place_n we_o must_v content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o bare_a relation_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o upon_o the_o first_o hear_v of_o this_o murrain_n among_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n i_o suspect_v those_o locust_n that_o arrive_v in_o this_o country_n about_o two_o month_n before_o may_v occasion_v it_o by_o a_o infection_n of_o the_o air_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o corruption_n of_o those_o that_o land_v and_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v in_o this_o cold_a country_n and_o partly_o of_o a_o far_o great_a number_n which_o i_o suppose_v drown_v in_o their_o voyage_n and_o cast_v upon_o these_o coast_n for_o though_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o any_o have_v be_v so_o curious_a as_o to_o search_v the_o seaweed_n for_o they_o in_o this_o county_n yet_o i_o be_o inform_v a_o gentleman_n accidental_o observe_v some_o quantity_n of_o they_o on_o the_o shore_n of_o caernarvonshire_n near_o aber_n dâran_n and_o that_o other_o have_v be_v see_v on_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o severn-sea_n now_o that_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o these_o creature_n be_v drown_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o cast_v ashore_o will_v cause_v a_o pestilence_n we_o have_v many_o instance_n in_o author_n 3._o author_n â—_o tho._n â—â—feti_fw-la â—entrum_fw-la â—â—â—rum_fw-la â—_o 3._o and_o particular_o one_o that_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1374._o when_o there_o be_v a_o great_a mortality_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n occasion_v by_o locust_n drown_v in_o our_o english_a channel_n and_o cast_v upon_o their_o shore_n friâ—gâ—ns_n oâ—â—o_o friâ—gâ—ns_n but_o whether_o such_o a_o contagious_a vapour_n meet_v with_o a_o viscous_a exhalation_n in_o a_o moorish_a bay_n will_v kindle_v and_o so_o perform_v in_o some_o measure_n such_o a_o devastation_n of_o hay_n and_o corn_n as_o the_o live_a creature_n will_v do_v where_o we_o may_v also_o note_v that_o 1._o â—â—_o 11._o â—1_n 1._o pliny_n say_v of_o they_o multa_fw-la contactu_fw-la adurunt_fw-la i_o must_v recommend_v to_o far_a consideration_n i_o know_v there_o be_v many_o thing_n may_v be_v object_v and_o particular_o the_o duration_n of_o this_o fire_n but_o man_n be_v natural_o so_o fond_a of_o their_o own_o conjecture_n that_o sometime_o they_o can_v conceal_v they_o though_o they_o be_v not_o themselves_o full_o satisfy_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o harlech_n there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a monument_n call_v koeten_v arthur_n it_o be_v a_o large_a stone-table_n somewhat_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n but_o rude_a and_o ill_o shape_v as_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o these_o heathen_a monument_n about_o ten_o foot_n long_o and_o above_o seven_o where_o it_o be_v broad_a two_o foot_n thick_a at_o one_o end_n but_o not_o above_o a_o inch_n at_o the_o other_o it_o be_v place_v on_o three_o rude_a stone-pillar_n each_o about_o half_a a_o yard_n broad_a whereof_o two_o that_o support_v the_o thick_a end_n be_v betwixt_o seven_o and_o eight_o foot_n â—brookâ—â—e_n â—hèch_fw-mi y_fw-mi â—â—bedh_fw-mi in_o â—brookâ—â—e_n but_o the_o three_o at_o the_o other_o end_n about_o three_o foot_n high_a do_v this_o way_n which_o we_o call_v sarn_n helen_n be_v probable_o of_o a_o very_a considerable_a extent_n unless_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o same_o helen_n be_v author_n of_o several_a other_o high_a way_n in_o wales_n for_o beside_o the_o place_n here_o mention_v it_o be_v also_o visible_a at_o one_o end_n of_o kraig_n verwyn_n where_o it_o be_v call_v fordh_n gam_fw-la helen_n luedhog_n i.e._n the_o crooked_a road_n of_o helen_n the_o great_a or_o puissant_a and_o i_o observe_v a_o way_n call_v fordh_fw-mi or_o sarn_n helen_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n badarn_n odyn_n in_o cardiganshire_n as_o also_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o road_n from_o brecknock_n to_o neath_n in_o glamorganshire_n be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o same_o name_n at_o this_o parish_n of_o festiniog_n it_o be_v call_v otherwise_o sarn_n y_fw-fr dhûal_n a_o name_n whereof_o i_o can_v give_v no_o account_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o mile_n viz._n from_o rhÅ·d_v your_o hà len_n â—â—â—ad_v â—â—ether_o â—â—â—k_v 〈◊〉_d oâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v â—â—e_z call_v 〈◊〉_d or_o â—â—â—er_o eâ—â—e_a 〈◊〉_d â—e_v â—yâ—ar_v 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—ad_v to_o kastelh_n dôl_v wydhèlen_v and_o some_o presume_v that_o pont_n aber_n glaslyn_n and_o y_o gymŵynas_n in_o caernarvonshire_n be_v a_o continuation_n of_o the_o same_o road._n on_o a_o mountain_n call_v mikneint_a near_o rhyd_n be_v halen_n within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n of_o this_o road_n there_o be_v some_o remarkable_a stone-monument_n call_v bedheu_fw-la gwyr_n ardudwy_n i.e._n the_o grave_n of_o the_o man_n of_o ardudwy_n they_o be_v at_o least_o thirty_o in_o number_n and_o each_o grave_n be_v describe_v to_o be_v about_o two_o yard_n long_o and_o to_o be_v distinguish_v by_o four_o pillar_n one_o at_o each_o corner_n of_o a_o grave_a which_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o square_a form_n about_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a and_o nine_o inch_n broad_a the_o tradition_n be_v that_o these_o be_v sepulchral_v monument_n of_o some_o person_n of_o note_n slay_v here_o in_o a_o battle_n fight_v betwixt_o the_o man_n of_o dyffryn_n ardudwy_n and_o some_o of_o denbighshire_n that_o they_o be_v indeed_o the_o grave_n of_o man_n slay_v in_o battle_n seem_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o when_o or_o by_o what_o person_n etc._n etc._n be_v whole_o uncertain_a one_o of_o the_o next_o neighbour_n inform_v i_o that_o about_o twelve_o year_n since_o he_o see_v among_o other_o stone_n bring_v hence_o to_o mend_v the_o wall_n of_o festiniog-church-yard_n one_o with_o a_o inscription_n but_o at_o present_a there_o remain_v no_o account_n of_o it_o by_o the_o description_n he_o give_v of_o it_o i_o suppose_v it_o roman_a for_o he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o polish_a stone_n about_o two_o foot_n long_o half_o a_o yard_n broad_a and_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n thick_a whereas_o all_o the_o late_a inscription_n i_o have_v see_v in_o wales_n be_v on_o large_a pillar_n which_o be_v general_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a i_o be_o tell_v there_o be_v also_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o grave_n near_o this_o causeway_n on_o the_o demean_n of_o rhiw_n goch_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o trawsvynydh_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1687._o i_o copy_v this_o inscription_n from_o a_o stone_n call_v bêdh_n porws_n or_o porus_n grave_n near_a lhêch_n idris_n in_o the_o same_o parish_n porius_n hic_fw-la in_o tumulo_fw-la jacit_fw-la homo_fw-la rianus_n fvit_fw-la i_o find_v afterward_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v as_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o grave_a of_o one_o of_o the_o first_o christian_n in_o these_o part_n and_o that_o they_o read_v it_o porius_fw-la hic_fw-la in_o tumâ—â—o_fw-la jacit_fw-la homo_fw-la christianus_n fuit_fw-la be_v at_o that_o time_n whole_o unacquainted_a with_o any_o study_n or_o observation_n in_o this_o kind_n perhaps_o i_o may_v not_o transcribe_v it_o with_o that_o accuracy_n i_o ought_v but_o if_o it_o be_v thus_o on_o the_o stone_n which_o i_o must_v recommend_v to_o far_a examination_n it_o can_v never_o bear_v that_o read_n unless_o we_o suppose_v the_o letter_n sti_fw-la omit_v by_o the_o stone-cutter_n after_o ri_n
74_o parish_n addition_n to_o anglesey_n asleep_o be_v whole_o unacquainted_a in_o this_o country_n myself_o i_o shall_v insert_v here_o a_o extract_v of_o a_o letter_n from_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n the_o reverend_a mr._n john_n davies_n rector_n of_o newburgh_n concern_v the_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n be_v think_v to_o have_v pass_v the_o frith_n of_o meneu_fw-fr and_o some_o monument_n in_o this_o island_n which_o seem_v particular_o remarkable_a it_o be_v suppose_v the_o roman_n pass_v the_o fretum_n of_o menai_n betwixt_o a_o place_n call_v now_o lhà n-vair_a î_v gaer_n in_o caernarvonshire_n and_o lhan_n idan_n in_o this_o county_n opposite_a to_o this_o suppose_a passage_n there_o be_v a_o hill_n call_v gwydryn_n a_o name_n corrupt_v perhaps_o from_o gwÅ·dh-uryn_a i.e._n conspicuous_a hill_n which_o have_v two_o summit_n or_o top_n one_o of_o they_o show_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a fort_n and_o on_o the_o other_o i_o observe_v a_o round_a pit_n sink_v in_o a_o rock_n of_o about_o nine_o foot_n diameter_n fill_v up_o with_o pure_a sand._n what_o may_v be_v the_o depth_n of_o it_o i_o can_v at_o present_v inform_v you_o some_o that_o have_v sound_v it_o for_o three_o yard_n have_v discover_v no_o bottom_n i_o have_v have_v some_o suspicion_n this_o may_v be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o druid_n offer_v their_o cruel_a sacrifice_n with_o the_o blood_n of_o captive_n but_o have_v nothing_o out_o of_o history_n to_o confirm_v my_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v not_o much_o contend_v for_o it_o but_o leave_v it_o to_o you_o and_o other_o to_o consider_v what_o so_o odd_a a_o contrivance_n be_v design_v for_o about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o place_n where_o we_o suspect_v the_o roman_n land_v we_o find_v tre'r_o druw_o which_o doubtless_o take_v its_o name_n from_o some_o druid_n and_o may_v be_v interpret_v druids-town_n see_v we_o find_v the_o adjoin_a township_n be_v call_v tre'r_o beirdh_n i.e._n bard_n town_n and_o this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o place_n call_v maen_n y_o druw_n i.e._n druid-stone_n within_o the_o kwmmwd_n of_o twrkèlyn_n in_o lhan_n elian_n parish_n where_o we_o need_v not_o much_o question_n but_o there_o be_v former_o a_o sepulchral_v monument_n of_o a'druid_a though_o now_o it_o be_v only_o the_o name_n of_o a_o house_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o township_n of_o tre'r_o druw_n and_o tre'r_o beirdh_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o square_a fortification_n which_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o first_o camp_n the_o roman_n have_v after_o their_o land_n here_o and_o opposite_a to_o it_o westward_o about_o the_o distance_n of_o three_o furlong_n there_o be_v another_o strong_a hold_n of_o a_o round_a form_n and_o considerable_a height_n which_o probable_o be_v that_o of_o our_o ancestor_n far_o westward_o under_o this_o fort_n be_v protection_n there_o be_v stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n about_o twelve_o in_o number_n whereof_o three_o be_v very_o considerable_a the_o large_a of_o they_o be_v twelve_o 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county_n be_v the_o monument_n of_o bronwen_n daughter_n to_o king_n lhyr_n or_o leirus_n who_o you_o know_v be_v say_v to_o begin_v his_o reign_n an._n mundi_fw-la 3105._o but_o of_o this_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o kromlecheu_fw-la take_v here_o the_o word_n of_o a_o ingenious_a antiquary_n whilst_o live_v mr._n john_n griffith_n of_o lhan_n dhyunan_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o mr._n vaughan_n of_o hengwrt_n bronwen_n leiri_n filiam_fw-la quod_fw-la attinet_fw-la cellula_fw-la lapidea_fw-la curvata_fw-la ubi_fw-la sepultam_fw-la tradunt_fw-la non_fw-la procul_fw-la à _fw-la fluvio_fw-la alaw_n cernitur_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la occidentali_fw-la â—oynogi_fw-la bâ—dh_n peâ—ual_a a_o â—naed_v i_o â—roâ—en_o â—â—ch_a lhyrâ—an_n â—an_z aâ—wag_v yno_o â—_o adâ—yd_v hi._n â—oynogi_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o rex_fw-la ille_fw-la perantiquus_fw-la unquam_fw-la in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la fuerit_fw-la dubitant_fw-la camdeniani_n quà m_fw-la rectè_fw-la ipsi_fw-la viderint_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la aediculae_fw-la quae_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la frequentes_fw-la sunt_fw-la cromlechau_n nomine_fw-la ut_fw-la scis_fw-la non_fw-la inepto_fw-la vocitantur_fw-la denique_fw-la insula_fw-la haec_fw-la quae_fw-la sylva_n erat_fw-la iis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la ferè_fw-la continua_fw-la &_o druidum_fw-la sedes_fw-la quasi_fw-la propria_fw-la magnatum_fw-la tumulis_fw-la abundat_fw-la loci_fw-la scilicet_fw-la reverentia_fw-la optimates_fw-la quosque_fw-la huc_fw-la duxit_fw-la sepeliendos_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o who_o suppose_v these_o monument_n and_o such_o like_a to_o have_v be_v federal_a testimony_n but_o that_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o groundless_a conjecture_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o their_o be_v place_n of_o interment_n seem_v much_o confirm_v for_o that_o a_o gentleman_n of_o my_o acquaintance_n remember_v that_o a_o odd_a kind_n of_o helmet_n gâ—aves-â—â—_a â—em_v also_o yform_v â—ere_z be_v a_o â—nd_n of_o â—eir_n or_o â—â—herd_n â—nd_v by_o â—gginâ—â—ar_v the_o â—ne_a place_n maâ—_n sigâ—fies_v pâ—â—â—â—yoâ—â—ya_n â—ge_v open_a â—d_a out_o i_o 〈◊〉_d tell_v â—r_o in_o the_o â—mes_n of_o ace_n in_o 〈◊〉_d counâ—iâ—â—_n use_v 〈◊〉_d bâ—rte_n that_o kier_n â—es-mawrâ—phes_a â—phes_z â—ne_n greaâ—â—ted_v be_v â—ght_v here_o far_a â—nfirmatiâ—_n whereof_o also_o that_o â—ese_n stone_n 〈◊〉_d sâ—pâ—lâ—â—_n moment_n be_v â—t_a a_o smaâ—l_a â—ock_n on_o â—e_n sâ—â—th_v 〈◊〉_d they_o be_v â—ed_v râ—yd_v 〈…〉_o â—_o gâ—aves-â—â—_a be_v discover_v by_o dig_v about_o a_o rude_a stone_n which_o together_o with_o some_o other_o be_v pitch_v on_o end_n at_o a_o place_n call_v kae_fw-la y_fw-mi mae_v mawr_fw-mi †_o in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n rhwydrus_n of_o these_o stone_n there_o be_v but_o three_o now_o stand_v and_o those_o in_o a_o manner_n triangular_o one_o of_o they_o be_v eleven_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a four_o foot_n broad_a and_o fourteen_o inch_n thick_a another_o about_o three_o yard_n high_a and_o four_o foot_n broad_a and_o the_o three_o ten_o foot_n high_a eight_o in_o breadth_n and_o but_o six_o inch_n thick_a as_o for_o inscribe_v stone_n i_o have_v note_v only_o two_o in_o this_o county_n one_o whereof_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o square_a pillar_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n babo_n of_o about_o ten_o foot_n in_o height_n one_o in_o breadth_n and_o near_o the_o same_o thickness_n i_o never_o be_v so_o curious_a as_o to_o copy_v the_o inscription_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v it_o be_v now_o too_o late_o it_o be_v break_v in_o several_a piece_n the_o other_o be_v in_o my_o neighbourhood_n but_o be_v so_o obscure_a that_o i_o scarce_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o trouble_v you_o with_o a_o copy_n of_o it_o i_o can_v read_v only_o filius_fw-la ulrici_fw-la erexit_fw-la hunc_fw-la lapidem_fw-la this_o monument_n be_v perhaps_o erect_v by_o some_o dane_n or_o norwegian_n ulricus_n seem_v to_o be_v rather_o a_o danish_a name_n than_o british_a i_o can_v give_v you_o no_o certain_a information_n of_o 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necessity_n of_o contrive_v a_o pond_n to_o water_v their_o cattle_n and_o this_o rubbish_n be_v throw_v out_o of_o that_o place_n the_o forementioned_a river_n rise_v out_o of_o a_o hill_n hereabout_o run_v to_o albury_n albury_n albury_n which_o when_o but_o a_o mean_a structure_n be_v yet_o the_o delight_n of_o that_o excellent_a person_n thomas_n earl_n of_o arundel_n a_o great_a lover_n of_o antiquity_n who_o purchase_v this_o place_n of_o the_o randyll_n make_v it_o his_o darling_n henry_n his_o grandson_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n have_v no_o less_o affection_n for_o it_o he_o begin_v there_o a_o magnificent_a pile_n cut_v a_o canal_n plant_v spacious_a garden_n and_o vineyard_n adorn_v with_o fountain_n grot_n etc._n etc._n but_o what_o be_v above_o all_o singular_a and_o remarkable_a be_v a_o hypogaeum_fw-la or_o perforation_n make_v through_o a_o mighty_a hill_n and_o large_a enough_o at_o one_o end_n for_o a_o coach_n to_o pass_v be_v about_o a_o furlong_n or_o more_o in_o 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natural_o resemble_v a_o roman_a amphitheatre_n or_o rather_o indeed_o a_o theatre_n it_o be_v open_a at_o the_o north-end_n and_o be_v of_o a_o oval_a form_n now_o it_o be_v most_o ingenious_o cast_v and_o improve_v into_o garden_n vineyard_n and_o other_o plantation_n both_o on_o the_o area_n below_o and_o side_n of_o the_o environ_v hill_n with_o frequent_a grott_n here_o and_o there_o beneath_o the_o terrace_n lead_v to_o the_o top_n from_o whence_o one_o have_v a_o fair_a prospect_n of_o that_o part_n of_o surrey_n and_o of_o sussex_n as_o far_o as_o the_o south-down_n for_o near_o 30_o mile_n outright_o the_o honourable_a charles_n howard_n uncle_n to_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o norfolk_n and_o lord_n of_o half_a the_o manor_n of_o dark_v be_v sole_o entitle_v to_o this_o ingenious_a contrivance_n go_v along_o holmesdale_n which_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o that_o ledge_n of_o mountain_n which_o stretch_v and_o link_v themselves_o from_o the_o utmost_a promontory_n of_o kent_n to_o the_o land_n end_n we_o have_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n white-down_a white-down_a white-down_a where_o be_v a_o vast_a delf_n of_o chalk_n which_o in_o summer_n time_n they_o carry_v with_o great_a labour_n as_o far_o as_o the_o middle_n of_o sussex_n as_o they_o bring_v of_o the_o same_o material_a from_o the_o opposite_a hill_n by_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o that_o county_n and_o these_o two_o be_v mingle_v together_o be_v burn_v into_o lime_n for_o the_o enrich_n of_o their_o ground_n here_o be_v likewise_o dig_v up_o cockle-shell_n and_o other_o lusus_fw-la naturae_fw-la with_o pyrite_n bed_v a_o incredible_a depth_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o mountain_n upon_o which_o many_o yew-tree_n grow_v spontaneous_o though_o of_o late_o they_o be_v much_o diminish_v and_o their_o place_n take_v up_o with_o corn_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o hill_n stand_v a_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o evelyn_n of_o wotton_n wotton_n wotton_n among_o several_a stream_n glide_v through_o the_o meadow_n adorn_v with_o gentle_a rise_n and_o wood_n which_o as_o it_o be_v encompass_v it_o and_o these_o together_o with_o the_o garden_n fountain_n and_o other_o hortulane_n ornament_n have_v give_v it_o a_o place_n and_o name_n among_o the_o most_o agreeable_a seat_n it_o be_v at_o present_a with_o many_o fair_a lordship_n about_o it_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o worthy_a and_o hospitable_a gentleman_n george_n evelyn_n esq_n who_o have_v serve_v in_o many_o parliament_n from_o 1641._o be_v perhaps_o the_o most_o ancient_a member_n thereof_o now_o live_v in_o open_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o churchyard_n of_o wotton_n to_o enlarge_v a_o vault_n belong_v to_o mr._n evelyn_n family_n they_o meet_v with_o a_o skeleton_n which_o be_v 9_o foot_n and_o 3_o inch_n long_o as_o the_o worthy_a mr._n john_n evelyn_n have_v it_o attest_v by_o a_o ancient_a and_o understand_a man_n then_o present_a and_o still_o live_v who_o accurate_o measure_v it_o and_o mark_v the_o length_n on_o a_o pole_n with_o other_o workman_n who_o affirm_v the_o same_o they_o find_v it_o lie_v in_o full_a length_n between_o two_o board_n of_o the_o coffin_n and_o so_o measure_v it_o before_o they_o have_v discompose_v the_o bone_n but_o try_v to_o take_v it_o out_o it_o fall_v all_o to_o piece_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o fling_v it_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rubbish_n after_o they_o have_v separately_z measure_v several_a of_o the_o more_o solid_a bone_n hereabout_o be_v a_o thing_n remarkable_a though_o but_o little_o take_v notice_n of_o i_o mean_v that_o goodly_a prospect_n from_o the_o top_n of_o lith-hill_n which_o from_o wotton_n rise_v almost_o insensible_o for_o 2_o or_o 3_o mile_n south_n but_o then_o have_v a_o declivity_n almost_o as_o far_o as_o horsham_n in_o sussex_n 8_o mile_n distant_a from_o hence_o it_o be_v one_o may_v see_v in_o a_o clear_a day_n the_o goodly_a vale_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o sussex_n as_o far_o as_o the_o south-down_n and_o even_o beyond_o they_o to_o the_o sea_n the_o entire_a county_n of_o surrey_n part_n of_o hamshire_n berkshire_n oxfordshire_n buckinghamshire_n and_o hartfordshire_n as_o also_o of_o middlesex_n kent_n and_o essex_n and_o far_o yet_o as_o be_v believe_v into_o wiltshire_n etc._n etc._n can_v one_o well_o distinguish_v they_o without_o the_o aid_n of_o a_o telescope_n the_o whole_a circumference_n can_v be_v less_o than_o 200_o mile_n far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o keep_v at_o windsor_n over_o which_o as_o also_o over_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 25_o mile_n distant_a one_o see_v as_o far_o as_o the_o eye_n unarm_v with_o the_o glass_n be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v land_n from_o sky_n the_o like_a i_o think_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o england_n or_o perhaps_o europe_n beside_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v not_o more_o observe_v be_v partly_o its_o lie_v quite_o out_o of_o any_o road_n and_o partly_o its_o rise_n so_o gentle_o and_o make_v so_o little_a show_n till_o one_o be_v get_v to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o it_o from_o the_o side_n thereof_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o brow_n be_v slide_v down_o into_o the_o ground_n below_o cause_v by_o a_o delf_n of_o stone_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o bare_a place_n from_o whence_o the_o earth_n be_v part_v be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n plain_o appear_v above_o 40_o mile_n off_o but_o here_o we_o must_v not_o forget_v dark_v dark_v dark_v memorable_a for_o a_o very_a large_a camp_n in_o that_o parish_n near_o homebury-hill_n and_o not_o far_o from_o the_o road_n between_o dark_v and_o arundel_n it_o be_v double_a trench_a and_o deep_a contain_v by_o estimation_n about_o 10_o acre_n at_o least_o f_o where_o the_o mole_n come_v from_o under_o ground_n riâ—â—_n mole_n riâ—â—_n it_o spread_v itself_o so_o very_o wide_a as_o to_o require_v a_o
monument_n there_o be_v a_o place_n call_v keun_n varehen_fw-ge which_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v denominate_v either_o from_o this_o barcun_fw-la or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o same_o name_n the_o three_o and_o four_o inscription_n be_v copy_v by_o my_o abovementioned_a friend_n mr._n erasmus_n saunders_n from_o a_o polish_a freestone_n at_o the_o west-end_n of_o the_o church_n of_o lhan_n vihangel_n gerwerth_n the_o four_o which_o seem_v less_o intelligible_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v also_o communicate_v by_o the_o same_o hand_n the_o stone_n whence_o he_o copy_v it_o be_v neat_o carve_v about_o 6_o foot_n high_a and_o 2_o foot_n broad_a and_o have_v a_o cavity_n on_o the_o top_n which_o make_v i_o suspect_v it_o to_o have_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o pedestal_n of_o a_o cross_n it_o may_v be_v see_v at_o a_o place_n denominate_v from_o it_o kae'r_o maen_n not_o far_o from_o aber_n sannan_n but_o for_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o inscription_n if_o it_o be_v any_o other_o than_o the_o stone-cutter_n name_n though_o i_o confess_v i_o know_v no_o name_n like_o it_o i_o must_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n be_v conjecture_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n vair_n y_fw-fr bryn_n we_o find_v manifest_a sign_n of_o a_o place_n possess_v by_o the_o roman_n for_o not_o far_o from_o the_o east-end_n of_o the_o church_n labourer_n frequent_o dig_v up_o brick_n and_o meet_v with_o some_o other_o mark_n of_o roman_a antiquitiy_n and_o there_o be_v a_o very_a notable_a roman_a way_n of_o gravel_n and_o small_a pebble_n continue_v from_o that_o church_n to_o lhan_n brân_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o worshipful_a sackvil_n gwyn_n esq_n which_o as_o i_o be_o tell_v may_v be_v also_o trace_v betwixt_o this_o lhan_n vair_n and_o lhan_n deilaw_n vawr_n and_o be_v visible_a in_o several_a other_o place_n this_o country_n abound_v with_o ancient_a fort_n camp_n and_o tumuli_fw-la or_o barrow_n which_o we_o have_v not_o room_n here_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o i_o shall_v therefore_o mention_v only_o one_o barrow_n call_v krîg_v y_o dyrn_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o tre'lech_n which_o seem_v particular_o remarkable_a the_o circumference_n of_o it_o at_o bottom_n may_v be_v about_o 60_o pace_n the_o height_n about_o 6_o yard_n it_o rise_v with_o a_o easy_a ascent_n and_o be_v hollow_a on_o the_o top_n gentle_o incline_v from_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o centre_n this_o barrow_n be_v not_o a_o mount_n of_o earth_n as_o other_o general_o be_v but_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o heap_n of_o stone_n as_o be_v call_v in_o wales_n karnedheu_fw-la whereof_o the_o reader_n may_v see_v some_o account_n in_o radnorshire_n cover_v with_o turf_n at_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o cavity_n on_o the_o top_n we_o find_v a_o vast_a rude_a lhech_n or_o flat_a stone_n somewhat_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n about_o three_o yard_n in_o length_n five_o foot_n over_o where_o broad_a and_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n thick_a a_o dâ—â—â—_n a_o mâ—â—â—_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o lâ—â—â—â—_n dâ—â—â—_n gentleman_n to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n have_v employ_v some_o labourer_n to_o search_v under_o it_o find_v it_o after_o remove_v much_o stone_n to_o be_v the_o cover_n of_o such_o a_o barbarous_a monument_n as_o we_o call_v kist-vaen_a or_o stone-chest_n which_o be_v about_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n and_o about_o three_o foot_n broad_a but_o somewhat_o narrow_a at_o the_o east_n than_o west-end_n it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o 7_o stone_n viz._n the_o covering-stone_n already_o mention_v two_o side-stone_n one_o at_o each_o end_n and_o one_o behind_o each_o of_o these_o for_o the_o better_a secure_n or_o bolster_n of_o they_o all_o equal_o rude_a and_o about_o the_o same_o thickness_n the_o two_o last_o except_v which_o be_v considerable_o thick_a they_o find_v as_o well_o within_o the_o chest_n as_o without_o some_o rude_a piece_n of_o brick_n or_o stone_n burn_v like_o they_o and_o freestone_n some_o of_o which_o be_v wrought_v they_o observe_v also_o some_o piece_n of_o bone_n but_o such_o as_o they_o suppose_v only_o bring_v in_o by_o fox_n but_o not_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o chest_n we_o know_v not_o what_o else_o it_o may_v afford_v krîg_v y_o dyrn_n the_o name_n of_o this_o tumulus_n be_v now_o scarce_o intelligible_a but_o if_o a_o conjecture_n may_v be_v allow_v i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o interpret_v it_o king_n barrow_n i_o be_o sensible_a that_o even_o such_o as_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n maâ—_n at_o first_o view_n think_v this_o a_o groundless_a opinion_n and_o wonder_v what_o i_o aim_v at_o but_o when_o they_o consider_v that_o the_o common_a word_n teyrnas_n which_o signify_v a_o kingdom_n be_v only_o a_o derivative_a from_o the_o old_a word_n teyrn_n which_o be_v original_o the_o same_o with_o tyrannus_n and_o signify_v a_o king_n or_o prince_n they_o will_v perhaps_o acknowledge_v it_o not_o altogether_o improbable_a and_o consider_v the_o rudeness_n of_o the_o monument_n describe_v and_o yet_o the_o labour_n and_o force_v require_v in_o erect_v it_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v it_o the_o barrow_n of_o some_o british_a prince_n who_o may_v live_v probable_o before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n for_o see_v it_o be_v much_o too_o barbarous_a to_o be_v suppose_v roman_a and_o that_o we_o do_v not_o find_v in_o history_n that_o the_o saxon_n be_v ever_o concern_v here_o or_o the_o dane_n any_o far_a than_o in_o plunder_v the_o seacoast_n it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v it_o british_a that_o it_o be_v a_o royal_a sepulchre_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o infer_v partly_o from_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n which_o be_v not_o understand_v in_o these_o age_n can_v not_o therefore_o be_v any_o novel_a invention_n of_o the_o vulgar_a and_o partly_o for_o that_o as_o i_o hint_v already_o more_o labour_n and_o force_n be_v require_v here_o than_o we_o can_v suppose_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o person_n of_o inferior_a quality_n that_o it_o be_v old_a than_o christianity_n there_o be_v no_o room_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n be_v only_o my_o conjecture_n suppose_v that_o after_o the_o britain_n be_v reduce_v by_o the_o roman_n they_o have_v none_o who_o they_o can_v call_v teyrn_n or_o king_n who_o corpse_n or_o ash_n may_v be_v reposit_v here_o gwâ_o vilast_n or_o bwrdh_n arthur_n in_o lhan_n boudy_z parish_n be_v a_o monument_n in_o some_o respect_n like_o that_o we_o have_v describe_v at_o this_o barrow_n viz._n a_o rude_a stone_n about_o ten_o yard_n in_o circumference_n and_o above_o three_o foot_n thick_a support_v by_o four_o pillar_n which_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n but_o buarth_n arthur_n or_o meineu_fw-fr gŵyr_n on_o a_o mountain_n near_o kîl_n y_o maen_fw-la lhŵyd_v be_v one_o of_o that_o kind_n of_o circular_a stone-monument_n our_o english_a historian_n ascribe_v to_o the_o dane_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o circle_n be_v about_o twenty_o yard_n the_o stone_n be_v as_o rude_a as_o may_v be_v and_o pitch_v on_o end_n at_o uncertain_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o some_o at_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n but_o other_o about_o two_o yard_n and_o be_v also_o of_o several_a height_n some_o be_v about_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n high_a and_o other_o five_o or_o six_o there_o be_v now_o stand_v here_o fifteen_o of_o they_o but_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o carry_v off_o the_o entry_n into_o it_o for_o about_o the_o space_n of_o three_o yard_n be_v guard_v on_o each_o side_n with_o stone_n much_o low_o and_o less_o than_o those_o of_o the_o circle_n pitch_v so_o close_o as_o to_o be_v contiguous_a and_o over_o against_o this_o avenue_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o about_o 200_o pace_n there_o stand_v on_o end_n three_o other_o large_a rude_a stone_n which_o i_o therefore_o note_v particular_o because_o there_o be_v also_o four_o or_o five_o stone_n erect_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o that_o circular_a monument_n they_o call_v king's-stone_n near_o little_a rolrich_n in_o oxfordshire_n as_o for_o the_o name_n of_o bruarth_n arthur_n it_o be_v only_o a_o nick_n name_n of_o the_o vulgar_a who_o humour_n it_o be_v though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o some_o have_v imagine_v out_o of_o ignorance_n and_o credulity_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o rustic_a diversion_n to_o dedicate_v many_o unaccountable_a monument_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o hero_n call_v some_o stone_n of_o several_a tun_n weight_n his_o coit_n other_o his_o table_n chair_n etc._n etc._n but_o meineu_fw-fr gŵyr_n be_v so_o old_a a_o name_n that_o it_o seem_v scarce_o intelligible_a meineu_fw-fr be_v indeed_o our_o common_a word_n for_o large_a stone_n but_o gŵyr_n in_o the_o present_a british_a signify_v only_o crooked_a which_o be_v scarce_o applicable_a to_o these_o stone_n unless_o we_o
idris_n be_v probable_o one_o of_o the_o high_a mountain_n in_o britain_n and_o which_o be_v one_o certain_a argument_n of_o its_o height_n it_o afford_v some_o variety_n of_o alpine_a plant_n but_o for_o mountain_n so_o high_a and_o their_o top_n notwithstanding_o so_o near_o that_o man_n may_v converse_v from_o they_o and_o yet_o scarce_o be_v able_a to_o meet_v in_o a_o whole_a day_n i_o presume_v there_o be_v none_o such_o in_o nature_n and_o be_o certain_a there_o be_v not_o any_o in_o wales_n but_o man_n converse_v from_o their_o top_n may_v meet_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n b_o dôl_v gelhe_v or_o dôl_v gelhen_o be_v so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n in_o a_o woody_a vale_n for_o that_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n the_o word_n dôl_v be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o the_o english_a dale_n so_o common_a in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o â—yleâ—um_o â—d_a est_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d kylh_n â—yleâ—um_o kelhe_n in_o the_o southern_a dialect_n kelhi_n signify_v strict_o a_o wood_n where_o much_o hazel_n grow_v and_o sometime_o use_v for_o any_o other_o wood_n though_o at_o present_a there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o wood_n about_o this_o town_n as_o be_v former_o what_o antiquity_n this_o place_n be_v of_o or_o whether_o of_o any_o note_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v uncertain_a however_o some_o of_o their_o coin_v have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n dig_v up_o near_o a_o well_o call_v fynon_n vair_n within_o a_o bow-shot_a of_o the_o town_n then_o whereof_o be_v send_v i_o by_o the_o reverend_a mr._n maurice_n jones_n the_o present_a rector_n which_o be_v fair_a silver_n piece_n of_o trajan_n and_o hadrian_n viz._n ms._n imperaâ—i_fw-la trajaâ—_n augusto_fw-la â—amâ—co_fw-la â—ciâ—â—_n â—â—â—ci_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—iâ—â—â—citia_fw-la â—estate_fw-la â—fâ—li_fw-la â—tri_fw-la paâ—a_fw-la senaâ—_n populusâ—â—_n romaâ—_n optimo_fw-la â—â—ipi_fw-la â—_o rob_v â—â—gh_a ms._n 1._o imp._n traiano_n aug._n gerard_n dac_n p._n m._n tr._n p._n cos._n v._o p._n p._n s._n p._n q._n r._n optimo_fw-la princ_n trophaeum_fw-la de_fw-la dacis_fw-la 2._o imp._n caesar_n traian_n hadrianus_n aug._n p._n m._n tr._n p._n cos._n iii_o mars_n gradivus_n cum_fw-la hasta_fw-la &_o spoliis_fw-la c_o this_o place_n in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v denominate_v as_o our_o author_n suppose_v from_o its_o situation_n on_o a_o rock_n though_o it_o be_v never_o call_v arlech_n but_o harlech_n '_o it_o be_v once_o call_v tŵr_n bronwen_n and_o afterward_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o kaer_n kolhwyn_n from_o kolhwyn_n ap_fw-mi tagno_fw-la who_o live_v there_o in_o the_o time_n of_o prince_n anarawd_n about_o the_o year_n 877._o and_o be_v lord_n of_o ardudwy_n and_o evionydh_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lhÅ·n_n which_o country_n be_v yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n possess_v by_o his_o posterity_n his_o arm_n be_v sable_n a_o cheveron_n arg_fw-mi betwixt_o three_o flower-de-luce_n '_o notwithstanding_o that_o harlech_n may_v receive_v this_o name_n of_o kaer_n kolhwyn_n from_o kolhwyn_n ap_fw-mi tagno_fw-la yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o this_o place_n or_o some_o other_o near_o it_o be_v call_v kaer_n before_o his_o time_n for_o i_o be_o assure_v that_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o some_o person_n yet_o live_v several_a roman_a coin_n have_v be_v find_v hereabout_o and_o that_o the_o britain_n prefix_v the_o word_n kaer_n to_o most_o place_n fortify_v by_o the_o roman_n be_v well_o know_v to_o all_o antiquary_n in_o the_o year_n 1692._o a_o ancient_a golden_a torques_fw-la be_v dig_v up_o in_o a_o garden_n somewhere_o near_o this_o castle_n of_o harlech_n it_o be_v a_o wreathe_v bar_n of_o gold_n or_o rather_o perhaps_o three_o or_o four_o rod_n joint_o twist_v about_o four_o foot_n long_o flexil_n but_o bend_v natural_o only_a one_o way_n in_o form_n of_o a_o hatband_n hook_v at_o both_o end_n exact_o that_o i_o may_v describe_v it_o intelligible_o though_o in_o vulgar_a term_n like_o a_o pair_n of_o pot-hook_n but_o these_o hook_n be_v not_o twist_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rod_n nor_o be_v their_o end_n sharp_a but_o plain_a and_o as_o it_o be_v cut_v even_o it_o be_v of_o a_o round_a form_n about_o a_o inch_n in_o circumference_n weigh_v eight_o ounce_n and_o be_v all_o over_o so_o plain_a that_o it_o need_v no_o far_a description_n it_o seem_v very_o probable_a roman_a author_n always_o intend_v a_o ornament_n of_o this_o kind_n by_o the_o word_n torques_fw-la see_v it_o be_v derive_v from_o torqueo_fw-la and_o not_o a_o chain_n compose_v of_o link_n or_o annulet_n as_o our_o grammarian_n common_o interpret_v it_o and_o as_o joannes_n schefferus_n suppose_v who_o in_o his_o learned_a and_o curious_a dissertation_n de_fw-fr torquibus_fw-la tell_v we_o torques_fw-la erant_fw-la mobiles_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la annulis_fw-la circuli_fw-la solidi_fw-la &_o retundi_fw-la monilia_fw-la paulo_fw-la latiora_fw-la etc._n etc._n moreover_o the_o british_a word_n torch_n which_o be_v doubtless_o of_o the_o same_o origin_n as_o well_o as_o signification_n with_o the_o latin_a torques_fw-la be_v never_o use_v for_o a_o chain_n but_o general_o for_o a_o wreath_n and_o sometime_o though_o in_o a_o less_o strict_a sense_n for_o any_o collar_n or_o large_a ring_n our_o word_n for_o a_o chain_n be_v kadwen_n which_o agree_v also_o with_o the_o latin_n whether_o the_o torques_fw-la here_o describe_v be_v british_n or_o roman_a seem_v a_o question_n not_o easy_o decide_v see_v we_o find_v that_o ancient_o must_v nation_n we_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o ornament_n and_o particular_o that_o the_o britain_n have_v golden_a torques_n we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o dio_n cassius_n 62._o cassius_n hist_o rom._n lib._n 62._o who_o in_o his_o description_n of_o boadicea_n or_o bunduica_n queen_n of_o the_o iceni_n in_o the_o time_n of_o nero_n tell_v we_o she_o wear_v a_o large_a golden_a torques_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o her_o garment_n be_v of_o divers_a colour_n etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o though_o she_o wear_v such_o a_o ornament_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o britain_n only_a since_o the_o roman_a conquest_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o this_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o author_n but_o that_o he_o thus_o describe_v she_o for_o the_o strangeness_n of_o her_o habit_n add_v that_o her_o yellow_a hair_n hang_v loose_a and_o reach_v down_o to_o her_o hip_n etc._n etc._n a_o far_a confirmation_n that_o the_o britain_n use_v golden_a torque_n be_v that_o they_o be_v so_o common_a among_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o probable_o their_o progenitor_n the_o gaul_n for_o livy_n 40._o livy_n lib._n 36._o c._n 40._o tell_v we_o that_o publius_n cornelius_n when_o he_o triumph_v over_o the_o boii_n produce_v among_o other_o spoil_n 1470_o golden_a torque_n and_o britomarus_n a_o commander_n among_o the_o gaul_n who_o mr._n camden_n presume_v to_o have_v be_v a_o britain_n wear_v such_o a_o ornament_n as_o we_o find_v in_o 4._o in_o lib._n 4._o propertius_n vasti_fw-la parma_fw-la relata_fw-la ducis_fw-la virdomari_fw-la illi_fw-la virgatis_fw-la jaculantis_fw-la ab_fw-la agmine_fw-la brachis_fw-la torquis_fw-la ab_fw-la incisa_fw-la decidit_fw-la unca_fw-la gula_fw-la if_o any_o shall_v urge_v far_o notwithstanding_o this_o authority_n of_o dio_n cassius_n which_o wiâ—h_v i_o be_v sufficient_a that_o see_a there_o be_v no_o british_a name_n for_o this_o ornament_n the_o common_a word_n torch_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a torquis_fw-la it_o shall_v follow_v the_o britain_n know_v no_o such_o thing_n i_o answer_v though_o we_o need_v not_o much_o insist_v on_o that_o objection_n that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v very_o suspicious_a the_o word_n be_v celtic_a before_o it_o be_v roman_n for_o though_o i_o acknowledge_v it_o derive_v from_o torqueo_fw-la yet_o we_o have_v also_o the_o verb_n torchi_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o see_v that_o both_o the_o british_a word_n torch_n and_o torchi_n be_v in_o all_o appearance_n derive_v from_o the_o common_a word_n troi_n i.e._n to_o turn_v and_o also_o that_o grammarian_n know_v not_o well_o whence_o to_o derive_v torqueo_fw-la i_o know_v not_o but_o we_o may_v find_v the_o origin_n of_o it_o in_o the_o british_a torch_n nor_o ought_v any_o one_o to_o think_v it_o absurd_a that_o i_o thus_o endeavour_v to_o derive_v latin_a word_n from_o the_o welsh_a see_v there_o be_v hundred_o of_o word_n in_o that_o language_n that_o agree_v in_o sound_n and_o signification_n with_o the_o latin_a which_o yet_o can_v not_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n for_o that_o the_o irish_a retain_v the_o same_o who_o must_v have_v be_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o britain_n long_o before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n and_o also_o that_o the_o welsh_a or_o british_a be_v one_o dialect_n of_o the_o old_a celtic_a whence_o as_o the_o best_a critic_n allow_v loch_n hib._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d loé_fw-fr tir_v
coinage_n and_o other_o legal_a duty_n be_v satisfy_v the_o tinner_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o sell_v his_o tinn_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a except_o the_o king_n or_o duke_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o buy_v it_o for_o they_o have_v a_o right_a of_o preemption_n in_o the_o 33d_o year_n of_o k._n edw._n 1._o the_o tinner_n of_o cornwall_n pray_v and_o obtain_v a_o charter_n of_o their_o liberty_n distinct_a from_o those_o of_o devonshire_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o k._n henry_n confirmation_n and_o the_o merchant_n buy_v tinn_n in_o cornwall_n obtain_v a_o grant_n of_o 2_o coynage_n yearly_a that_o be_v at_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n john_n and_o s._n michael_n and_o from_o the_o date_n of_o k._n edward_n charter_n the_o tinner_n of_o cornwall_n become_v a_o separate_a body_n from_o those_o of_o devonshire_n but_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o stannary_n in_o both_o county_n under_o colour_n of_o their_o liberty_n use_v divers_a oppression_n upon_o a_o complaint_n make_v 50_o edw._n 3._o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v confirm_v and_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o stannary_n far_o restrain_v by_o a_o statute_n in_o the_o 17_o car._n 1._o prince_n arthur_n elder_a son_n to_o k._n hen._n 7._o make_v certain_a constitution_n relate_v to_o the_o stannary_n which_o the_o tinner_n refuse_v to_o observe_v and_o take_v a_o great_a liberty_n than_o be_v justifiable_a by_o their_o charter_n k._n hen._n 7._o who_o seldom_o let_v slip_v any_o opportunity_n of_o fill_v his_o coffer_n make_v that_o a_o pretence_n after_o k._n arthur_n death_n to_o secure_v the_o stannary_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o find_v that_o it_o do_v not_o turn_v to_o so_o much_o account_n as_o he_o have_v propose_v he_o be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o accept_v of_o 1000_o l._n for_o all_o the_o pretend_a forfeiture_n grant_v they_o his_o charter_n of_o pardon_n by_o which_o charter_n he_o far_o grant_v that_o no_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o tinner_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o 24_o stannator_n and_o those_o to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o mayor_n and_o council_n of_o a_o borough_n in_o the_o 4_o division_n 6_o out_o of_o each_o do_v to_o come_v to_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o county_n our_o author_n observe_v that_o the_o tamar_n be_v it_o be_v entire_a bind_v from_o devonshire_n and_o in_o most_o place_n it_o do_v divide_v they_o but_o not_o in_o all_o for_o mount_n edgcombe_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o parish_n of_o maker_n though_o on_o the_o westside_n of_o tamar_n be_v yet_o in_o devonshire_n only_o as_o to_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n they_o be_v within_o the_o archdeaconry_n of_o cornwall_n and_o over_o against_o saltash_n on_o the_o east-side_n tamar_n it_o be_v within_o cornwall_n and_o so_o about_o northamerton_n the_o reason_n probable_o be_v this_o upon_o the_o division_n of_o the_o shire_n some_o eminent_a person_n live_v on_o one_o side_n the_o river_n and_o yet_o have_v part_n of_o their_o estate_n upon_o the_o other_o get_v the_o latter_a include_v within_o the_o same_o county_n as_o the_o former_a so_o the_o family_n of_o valletorte_n or_o de_fw-fr valle_n tortà _fw-la have_v their_o mansion_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o river_n perhaps_o at_o or_o about_o plymouth_n where_o be_v yet_o know_v the_o manor_n of_o vawtort_n or_o valletort_n have_v on_o the_o westside_n some_o piece_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o so_o get_v it_o to_o be_v part_n of_o devonshire_n thus_o all_o that_o tract_n of_o ground_n of_o which_o mount-edgcomb_a be_v a_o part_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o vawtort_n home_n continue_v part_n of_o devonshire_n whether_o that_o small_a part_n of_o kent_n near_o woolwich_n lie_v on_o essex-side_n as_o also_o a_o piece_n of_o oxfordshire_n near_o culham_n on_o berkshire_n side_n and_o a_o slip_n of_o staffordshire_n upon_o derbyshire_n side_n may_v not_o have_v happen_v upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n those_o who_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o see_v the_o record_n of_o the_o respective_a place_n will_v do_v well_o to_o consider_v e_fw-la the_o bind_v be_v thus_o settle_v let_v we_o return_v to_o the_o landsend_n where_o on_o a_o little_a island_n so_o much_o distant_a from_o the_o land_n that_o a_o boat_n with_o oar_n may_v pass_v between_o stand_v caren_n a_o peal_n common_o call_v the_o arm_a knight_n caren_n signify_v a_o rock_n and_o pele_n a_o spire_n kâ—â—â—_n the_o 〈◊〉_d kâ—â—â—_n the_o spire_n be_v ten_o fathom_n above_o the_o ordinary_a flux_n of_o the_o sea_n very_o narrow_a at_o top_n in_o the_o year_n before_o king_n charles_n 1_o be_v behead_v it_o be_v prodigious_o cut_v off_o by_o a_o storm_n where_o it_o be_v 14_o foot_n square_a and_o fall_v break_v in_o three_o piece_n f_o mr._n camden_n mention_n a_o tradition_n that_o this_o promontory_n stretch_v itself_o far_a towards_o the_o west_n liâ—â—â—_n liâ—â—â—_n to_o which_o these_o hint_n may_v perhaps_o contribute_v something_o of_o probability_n that_o about_o the_o middle_a way_n between_o land_n end_n and_o scilly_n there_o be_v rock_n call_v in_o cornish_a lethas_n by_o the_o english_a seven-stone_n and_o the_o cornish_a call_v that_o place_n within_o the_o stone_n tregva_n i.e._n a_o dwelling_n where_o it_o have_v be_v report_v that_o window_n and_o such_o other_o stuff_n have_v be_v take_v up_o with_o hook_n for_o that_o be_v the_o best_a place_n of_o fish_v that_o from_o the_o landsend_n to_o scilly_n be_v a_o equal_a depth_n of_o water_n that_o s._n michael_n mount_n be_v call_v in_o cornish_a careg_n cowse_n in_o clowse_n i.e._n the_o hoary_a rock_n in_o the_o wood_n that_o it_o be_v certain_a there_o have_v be_v large_a tree_n with_o root_n and_o body_n drive_v in_o by_o the_o sea_n between_o s._n michael_n mount_n and_o pensance_n of_o late_a year_n to_o these_o add_v the_o tradition_n that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o inundation_n trevilian_n swim_v from_o thence_o and_o in_o memory_n thereof_o bear_v gules_a a_o horse_n argent_a issue_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n proper_a g_o near_o the_o utmost_a rock_n stand_v st._n burians_n bâ—â—_n s._n bâ—â—_n a_o independent_a deanery_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n by_o one_o of_o the_o edward_n it_o contain_v within_o its_o jurisdiction_n the_o parish_n of_o burian_n zennen_n and_o s._n leven_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o exeter_n hold_v it_o in_o commendam_fw-la all_o spiritual_a jurisdiction_n be_v so_o entire_o lodge_v in_o they_o that_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n from_o they_o but_o to_o the_o king_n direct_o upon_o a_o tomb_n in_o the_o church_n there_o be_v this_o inscription_n which_o possible_o may_v afford_v the_o curious_a some_o light_n into_o their_o ancient_a letter_n and_o the_o fashion_n of_o tomb_n in_o those_o day_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o upon_o one_o side_n of_o it_o be_v write_v bollait_fw-fr and_o within_o that_o parish_n there_o be_v a_o place_n of_o the_o same_o name_n to_o which_o the_o decease_a party_n do_v belong_v â—â—e_z 〈◊〉_d â—â—e_z h_o not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n be_v biscaw-woune_a which_o our_o author_n imagine_v to_o have_v be_v a_o trophy_n raise_v either_o by_o the_o roman_n or_o k._n athelstan_n but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o reader_n be_v enquiry_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o more_o probable_o a_o ancient_a sepulchral_v monument_n of_o the_o britain_n especial_o since_o it_o plain_o appear_v from_o the_o inscription_n of_o hurlâ—_a 〈◊〉_d in_o â—ounty_n 〈◊〉_d the_o hurlâ—_a other_o stone_n thus_o set_v up_o on_o end_n that_o they_o be_v such_o one_o particular_o in_o wales_n observe_v by_o mr._n edw._n lhwyd_n encompass_v indeed_o with_o a_o ditch_n instead_o of_o stone_n have_v a_o inscription_n to_o this_o sense_n may_v thou_o awake_v â—â—ns_n â—â—ns_n i_o more_n to_o the_o east_n be_v pensans_n which_o our_o author_n interpret_v caput_fw-la sabuli_fw-la or_o the_o head_n of_o the_o sand_n but_o the_o true_a construction_n of_o the_o word_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o saint_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o right_a name_n appear_v from_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v st._n john_n baptist_n head_n in_o a_o charger_n if_o this_o do_v not_o put_v it_o beyond_o all_o dispute_n we_o may_v imagine_v the_o original_a name_n to_o have_v be_v pensavas_n which_o signify_v the_o head_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o agree_v very_o well_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n in_o this_o parish_n be_v s._n maddren_n well_n the_o cure_n whereof_o have_v be_v very_o remarkable_a 〈◊〉_d â—d_a 〈◊〉_d well_o â—tery_a 〈◊〉_d bishop_n hall_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o cripple_n who_o for_o 16_o year_n together_o be_v force_v to_o walk_v upon_o his_o hand_n by_o reason_n the_o sinew_n of_o his_o leg_n be_v contract_v be_v induce_v by_o a_o dream_n to_o wash_v in_o this_o well_o
bring_v about_o that_o happy_a change_n the_o soil_n for_o some_o mile_n about_o bath_n especial_o to_o the_o westward_o as_o at_o coston_n and_o thereabouts_o be_v so_o very_o stony_a that_o when_o it_o be_v new_o plough_v one_o will_v rather_o take_v the_o ridge_n for_o so_o many_o pitch_a causey_n to_o walk_v on_o than_o for_o a_o plough_a land_n to_o sow_v corn_n in_o so_o little_a of_o earth_n be_v to_o be_v see_v among_o those_o bare_a stone_n the_o ploughshare_n turn_v up_o yet_o here_o they_o have_v as_o good_a wheat_n as_o any_o in_o england_n though_o perhaps_o not_o altogether_o so_o much_o on_o a_o acre_n as_o in_o deep_a land_n the_o countryman_n attribute_v these_o large_a crop_n most_o to_o the_o stone_n and_o if_o those_o be_v carry_v off_o the_o earth_n leave_v upon_o the_o hard_a rock_n will_v be_v so_o little_a that_o it_o will_v not_o cover_v their_o corn_n and_o so_o light_a that_o the_o wind_n will_v blow_v it_o away_o to_o between_o bath_n and_o bristol_n a_o little_a river_n run_v into_o the_o avon_n ms._n â—â—nâ—_n â—r_n ms._n upon_o which_o be_v stanton-drew_a whereof_o the_o latter_a part_n may_v seem_v to_o point_v out_o some_o relation_n to_o the_o old_a druid_n but_o that_o drew_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o ancient_a family_n in_o the_o western_a part_n and_o the_o monument_n there_o call_v the_o wedding_n will_v strengthen_v such_o a_o conjecture_n the_o occasion_n of_o the_o name_n wedding_n be_v a_o tradition_n which_o pass_v among_o the_o common_a people_n that_o a_o bride_n go_v to_o be_v marry_v she_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o company_n be_v change_v into_o these_o stone_n they_o be_v in_o a_o circular_a form_n 5_o or_o 6_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o whole_a monument_n be_v big_a than_o stonehenge_n the_o diameter_n here_o be_v 90_o pace_n though_o no_o appearance_n of_o a_o ditch_n return_v to_o the_o river_n avon_n we_o come_v to_o cainsham_n rather_o keynesham_n keynesham_n keynesham_n call_v so_o from_o the_o virgin_n 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inscription_n inscâ—â—ption_n a_o inscâ—â—ption_n show_v that_o one_o samson_n set_v it_o up_o pro_fw-la anima_fw-la ejus_fw-la and_o another_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n signify_v also_o that_o samson_n erect_v it_o to_o st._n iltutus_n or_o ilhtud_n but_o that_o one_o samuel_n be_v the_o carver_n these_o inscription_n i_o think_v worth_a the_o publish_n that_o the_o curious_a may_v have_v some_o light_n into_o the_o form_n of_o our_o letter_n in_o the_o middle_a age_n marâ—â—m_n i_o â—aen_fw-la â—â—thyroâ—â—_n myâ—ydh_fw-mi marâ—â—m_n do_v the_o inscription_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n be_v in_o the_o former_a edition_n erroneous_a as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o such_o as_o will_v take_v the_o trouble_n of_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o original_a still_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o well_o know_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n by_o the_o name_n of_o y_fw-fr maen_fw-mi chythÅ·rog_n i_o have_v therefore_o give_v a_o new_a specimen_fw-la of_o it_o from_o the_o monument_n itself_o as_o also_o of_o all_o other_o two_o or_o three_z except_v which_o our_o author_n have_v observe_v in_o wales_n in_o old_a inscription_n we_o often_o find_v the_o letter_n v._o where_o we_o use_v o._n as_o here_o pronepus_n for_o pronepos_fw-la â—3â—_n pronepos_fw-la vide_fw-la reiâ—â—â—_n synâ—â—â—â—a_fw-la inâ—â—p_n pag._n â—3â—_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o invent_v this_o character_n θ_o make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o former_a edition_n which_o i_o presume_v be_v such_o as_o be_v never_o find_v in_o any_o inscription_n whatever_o in_o reinesius_n syntag._n inscriptionum_fw-la p._n 700._o we_o find_v the_o epitaph_n of_o one_o boduacus_n dig_v up_o at_o nimes_n in_o france_n whereupon_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_a name_n betulius_n be_v change_v by_o the_o gaul_n into_o boduacus_n but_o it_o may_v seem_v equal_o probable_a if_o not_o more_o likely_a since_o we_o also_o find_v bodvoc_n here_o that_o it_o be_v a_o gaulish_a or_o british_a name_n and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o famous_a queen_n of_o the_o iceni_n boadicea_n seem_v also_o to_o share_v in_o the_o same_o original_n sepulcher_n be_v in_o old_a inscription_n often_o call_v domus_fw-la aeternae_fw-la but_o aeternalis_fw-la seem_v a_o barbarous_a word_n rein._n pag._n 716._o docta_fw-la lyrâ_fw-la grata_fw-la &_o gestu_fw-la formosa_fw-la pvella_fw-la hic_fw-la iaceo_fw-la aeternâ_fw-la sabis_n humata_fw-la domo_fw-la e_fw-la the_o other_o inscription_n mention_v by_o he_o be_v also_o at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o common_a people_n bêdh_n morgan_n morgà nwg_n morgà nwg_n bêdh_fw-mi morgan_z morgà nwg_n viz._n the_o sepulchre_n of_o prince_n morgan_n which_o whatever_o give_v occasion_n to_o it_o be_v doubtless_o a_o erroneous_a tradition_n it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o tombstone_n of_o one_o pompeius_n carantopius_n as_o plain_o appear_v by_o this_o copy_n of_o it_o i_o late_o transcribe_v from_o the_o stone_n as_o for_o the_o word_n pumpeius_n for_o pompeius_n we_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o in_o old_a inscription_n the_o letter_n v._o be_v frequent_o use_v for_o o._n ¶_o there_o be_v also_o another_o monument_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o more_o remarkable_a than_o either_o of_o these_o â—Å·ch_n mândoc_n lygad_a â—Å·ch_n at_o a_o place_n call_v panwen_n byrdhin_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o kadokston_n or_o lhan_n gadok_v about_o six_o mile_n above_o neath_n it_o be_v well_o know_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o county_n by_o the_o name_n of_o maen_n dau_fw-fr lygadyr_n Å·ch_v and_o be_v so_o call_v from_o two_o small_a circular_a entrenchment_n like_o cockpit_n one_o of_o which_o have_v late_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o a_o rude_a stone_n pillar_n about_o three_o foot_n in_o height_n with_o this_o inscription_n to_o be_v read_v downward_o on_o a_o mountain_n call_v mynydh_n gelhi_n onnen_n onnen_n a_o monument_n on_o mynyah_n gelhi_n onnen_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n gyvelach_n i_o observe_v a_o monument_n which_o stand_v late_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o small_a karn_n or_o heap_n of_o stone_n but_o be_v now_o throw_v down_o and_o break_v in_o three_o or_o four_o piece_n differ_v from_o all_o i_o have_v see_v elsewhere_o it_o be_v a_o flat_a stone_n about_o three_o inch_n thick_a two_o foot_n broad_a at_o bottom_n and_o about_o five_o in_o height_n the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v form_v as_o round_o as_o a_o wheel_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o basis_n it_o become_v gradual_o broad_a on_o one_o side_n it_o be_v carve_v with_o some_o art_n but_o much_o more_o labour_n the_o round_a head_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o flourish_a cross_n like_o a_o garden-knot_n below_o that_o there_o be_v a_o man_n face_n and_o hand_n on_o each_o side_n and_o thence_o almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n neat_a fretwork_n beneath_o which_o there_o be_v two_o foot_n but_o as_o rude_a and_o ill-proportioned_a as_o be_v also_o the_o face_n and_o hand_n as_o some_o egyptian_a hieroglyphic_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o within_o the_o same_o parish_n be_v karn_n lhechart_n lhechart_n karn_n lhechart_n a_o monument_n that_o give_v denomination_n to_o the_o mountain_n on_o which_o it_o be_v erect_v it_o be_v a_o circle_n of_o rude_a stone_n which_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o flat_a form_n such_o as_o we_o call_v lhecheu_o disorderly_o pitch_v in_o the_o ground_n of_o about_o 17_o or_o 18_o yard_n diameter_n the_o high_a of_o which_o now_o stand_v be_v not_o above_o a_o yard_n in_o height_n it_o have_v but_o one_o entry_n into_o it_o which_o be_v about_o four_o foot_n wide_o and_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o area_n it_o have_v such_o a_o cell_n or_o hut_n as_o be_v see_v in_o several_a place_n of_o wales_n and_o call_v kiss_v vaen_o one_o of_o which_o be_v describe_v in_o brecknockshire_n by_o the_o name_n of_o st._n iltut_n cell_n this_o at_o karn_n lhèchart_n be_v about_o six_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o four_o wide_a and_o have_v no_o top-stone_n now_o for_o a_o cover_n but_o a_o very_a large_a one_o lie_v by_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v slip_v off_o y_fw-fr gîst_fw-fr vaen_fw-mi on_o a_o mountain_n call_v mynydhy_a drymmeu_n by_o neath_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v also_o a_o monument_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o much_o less_o and_o to_o differ_v from_o it_o in_o that_o the_o circle_n about_o it_o be_v mason-work_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v often_o see_v it_o whilst_o it_o stand_v for_o at_o present_a there_o be_v nothing_o of_o it_o remain_v but_o these_o kind_n of_o monument_n which_o some_o ascribe_v to_o the_o dane_n and_o other_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v erect_v by_o the_o britain_n before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o more_o full_o hereafter_o another_o monument_n there_o be_v on_o a_o mountain_n call_v keun_v bryn_n in_o gower_n gower_n arthur_n stone_n in_o gower_n which_o may_v challenge_v a_o place_n also_o among_o such_o unaccountable_a antiquity_n as_o be_v beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o history_n whereof_o the_o same_o worthy_a person_n that_o send_v i_o his_o conjecture_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a noise_n in_o barry-island_n give_v the_o follow_a account_n as_o to_o the_o stone_n you_o mention_v they_o be_v to_o be_v see_v upon_o a_o jut_n at_o the_o northwest_o of_o keun_a bryn_n the_o most_o note_a hill_n in_o gower_n they_o be_v put_v together_o by_o labour_n enough_o but_o no_o great_a art_n into_o a_o pile_n and_o their_o fashion_n and_o positure_n be_v this_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a unwrought_a stone_n probable_o about_o twenty_o tun_n weight_n support_v by_o six_o or_o seven_o other_o that_o be_v not_o above_o four_o foot_n high_a and_o these_o be_v set_v in_o a_o circle_n some_o on_o end_n and_o some_o edge-wise_a or_o sidelong_v to_o bear_v the_o great_a one_o up_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o of_o the_o lapis_fw-la molaris_fw-la kind_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a stone_n of_o the_o mountain_n the_o great_a one_o be_v much_o diminish_v of_o what_o it_o have_v be_v in_o bulk_n as_o have_v five_o tun_n or_o more_o by_o report_n break_v off_o it_o to_o make_v millstone_n so_o that_o i_o guess_v the_o stone_n original_o to_o have_v be_v between_o 25_o and_o 30_o tun_n in_o weight_n the_o carriage_n rear_v and_o place_v of_o this_o massy_a rock_n be_v plain_o a_o effect_n of_o human_a industry_n and_o art_n but_o the_o pulley_n and_o lever_n the_o force_n and_o skill_n by_o which_o it_o be_v do_v be_v not_o so_o easy_o imagine_v the_o common_a people_n call_v it_o arthur_n be_v stone_n by_o a_o lift_n of_o vulgar_a imagination_n attribute_v to_o that_o hero_n a_o extravagant_a size_n and_o strength_n under_o it_o be_v a_o well_o which_o as_o the_o neighbourhood_n tell_v i_o have_v a_o flux_n and_o reflux_n with_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o can_v as_o yet_o satisfy_v you_o etc._n etc._n there_o be_v divers_a
land_n moreover_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o the_o neighbour_n of_o coed_n tra_v near_o tenby_n that_o the_o like_a have_v be_v see_v also_o upon_o those_o sand_n etc._n etc._n to_o this_o a_o ingenious_a and_o inquisitive_a gentleman_n of_o this_o country_n add_v that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o late_a year_n near_o capel_n stinan_n or_o st._n justinian_n where_o be_v see_v not_o only_o the_o root_n or_o stock_n of_o tree_n but_o also_o divers_a piece_n of_o square_v timber_n as_o for_o root_n or_o stump_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v they_o myself_o at_o a_o low_a ebb_n in_o the_o sand_n betwixt_o borth_n and_o aber_n divy_a in_o cardiganshire_n but_o remember_v nothing_o of_o any_o impression_n of_o the_o axe_n on_o they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o many_o of_o they_o if_o not_o all_o be_v very_o smooth_a and_o that_o they_o appear_v as_o to_o substance_n more_o like_o the_o coalblack_a peat_n or_o fuel-turf_n than_o timber_n ¶_o there_o be_v in_o this_o county_n several_a such_o circular_a stone_n monument_n as_o that_o describe_v in_o caermardhinshire_n by_o the_o name_n of_o meineu_fw-fr gŵyr_n and_o karn_n lhechart_n in_o glamorgan_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v that_o call_v y_o gromlech_n gâ—â—mlech_n y_fw-fr gâ—â—mlech_n near_o pentre_n evan_n in_o nevern-parish_n where_o there_o be_v several_a rude_a stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n in_o a_o circular_a order_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o circle_n a_o vast_a rude_a stone_n place_v on_o several_a pillar_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o area_n be_v about_o fifty_o foot_n the_o stone_n support_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o circle_n be_v 18_o foot_n long_o and_o 9_o in_o breadth_n and_o at_o the_o one_o end_n it_o be_v about_o three_o foot_n thick_a but_o thin_a at_o the_o other_o there_o lie_v also_o by_o it_o a_o piece_n break_v off_o about_o ten_o foot_n long_o and_o five_o in_o breadth_n which_o seem_v more_o than_o twenty_o ox_n can_v draw_v it_o be_v support_v by_o three_o large_a rude_a pillar_n about_o eight_o foot_n high_a but_o there_o be_v also_o five_o other_o which_o be_v of_o no_o use_n at_o present_a as_o not_o be_v high_a enough_o or_o due_o place_v to_o bear_v any_o weight_n of_o the_o top-stone_n under_o this_o stone_n the_o ground_n be_v neat_o flag_v consider_v the_o rudeness_n of_o monument_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o can_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o number_n and_o height_n of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o circle_n not_o have_v see_v this_o monument_n myself_o but_o give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o out_o of_o mr._n george_n owen_n manuscript_n history_n abovementioned_a which_o be_v communicate_v to_o i_o by_o the_o worshipful_a john_n lewis_n of_o manor_n nowen_a esq_n and_o i_o have_v also_o receive_v a_o description_n of_o it_o from_o a_o person_n who_o at_o my_o request_n late_o view_v it_o not_o differ_v material_o from_o that_o we_o find_v in_o the_o manuscript_n the_o name_n of_o this_o monument_n seem_v much_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o meineu_fw-fr gŵyr_n for_o krwm_n in_o the_o feminine_a gender_n krom_n signify_v as_o well_o as_o gŵyr_n crooked_a or_o bend_a and_o lhêch_v a_o stone_n of_o a_o flat_a form_n more_o or_o less_o whether_o natural_a or_o artificial_a and_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v another_o monument_n in_o caernarvonshire_n call_v lhech_n or_o maen_n gŵyr_n so_o we_o meet_v with_o several_a in_o anglesey_n and_o some_o in_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n call_v kromlecheu_o now_o that_o these_o monument_n have_v acquire_v this_o name_n from_o bow_v as_o have_v be_v place_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o idolatry_n i_o have_v no_o warrant_n to_o affirm_v however_o in_o order_n to_o far_a enquiry_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o irish_a historian_n call_v one_o of_o their_o chief_a idol_n cromcruach_n etc._n o_o flaâ—eâ—ty's_n ogygia_n p._n 1â—_n etc._n etc._n which_o remain_v till_o st._n patrick_n time_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o moy-sleuct_a in_o brefin_n this_o idol_n be_v describe_v to_o have_v be_v auro_fw-la &_o argento_fw-la caelatum_fw-la and_o say_v to_o be_v attend_v with_o twelve_o other_o idol_n much_o less_o all_o of_o brass_n place_v round_o about_o he_o cromcruach_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o st._n patrick_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o lesser_a idol_n sink_v into_o the_o earth_n up_o to_o their_o neck_n the_o head_n whereof_o say_z one_o of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o st._n patrick_n cite_v by_o colganus_n be_v in_o perpetual_a memory_n of_o this_o miracle_n still_o prominent_a out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n now_o although_o we_o shall_v question_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o writer_n as_o to_o these_o miracle_n yet_o if_o we_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o make_v any_o use_n at_o all_o of_o such_o history_n we_o may_v from_o hence_o infer_v that_o this_o circle_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v here_o mention_v by_o the_o name_n of_o idol_n head_n be_v before_o the_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o country_n a_o place_n of_o idolatrous_a worship_n and_o if_o that_o be_v grant_v we_o shall_v have_v little_a reason_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o our_o kromlech_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o such_o circular_a stone-monument_n in_o britain_n and_o ireland_n whereof_o i_o presume_v there_o be_v not_o less_o than_o 100_o yet_o remain_v be_v also_o erect_v for_o the_o same_o use_n but_o to_o proceed_v far_o this_o relation_n of_o idolatrous_a worship_n at_o crumcruach_n seem_v much_o confirm_v by_o the_o general_a tradition_n concern_v such_o monument_n in_o scotland_n for_o upon_o perusal_n of_o some_o letter_n on_o this_o subject_n from_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a dr._n james_n garden_n professor_n of_o divinity_n at_o aberdeen_n to_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n *_o eâ—q_n 〈◊〉_d aâ—â—â—â—f_n eaâ—â—â—_n pierce_n â—ileâ—â—_n eâ—q_n who_o for_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v be_v the_o first_o that_o suspect_v these_o circle_n for_o temple_n of_o the_o druid_n i_o find_v that_o in_o several_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n they_o be_v call_v chapel_n and_o temple_n with_o this_o far_a tradition_n that_o they_o be_v place_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n and_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o drounich_n which_o word_n some_o interpret_v the_o pict_n but_o the_o dr._n suspect_v it_o may_v denote_v original_o the_o druid_n in_o confirmation_n whereof_o i_o add_v that_o a_o village_n in_o anglesey_n be_v calld_v tre'r_o driw_n and_o interpret_v the_o town_n of_o the_o druid_n now_o the_o diminutive_a of_o driw_n must_v be_v driwin_n whence_o perhaps_o kaer_n drewin_n in_o merionydhshire_n and_o ch_z be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v a_o usual_a irish_a termination_n in_o such_o noun_n as_o for_o such_o as_o contend_v that_o all_o monument_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o dane_n as_o trophy_n seat_n of_o judicature_n place_n for_o elect_v their_o king_n etc._n etc._n they_o will_v want_v history_n to_o prove_v that_o ever_o the_o dane_n have_v any_o dominion_n or_o indeed_o the_o least_o settlement_n in_o wales_n or_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n where_o yet_o such_o monument_n be_v as_o frequent_v if_o not_o more_o common_a than_o in_o other_o place_n of_o britain_n for_o although_o we_o find_v it_o register_v that_o they_o have_v several_a time_n commit_v depredation_n on_o our_o seacoast_n destroy_v some_o maritime_a place_n in_o the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n pembroke_n cardigan_n and_o anglesey_n and_o sometime_o also_o make_v excursion_n into_o the_o country_n yet_o we_o read_v they_o make_v no_o long_a stay_n than_o whilst_o they_o plunder_v the_o religious_a house_n and_o extort_a money_n and_o provision_n from_o the_o people_n now_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v why_o they_o may_v not_o in_o that_o short_a stay_n erect_v these_o monument_n i_o have_v nothing_o to_o answer_v but_o that_o such_o vast_a perennial_a memorial_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o people_n settle_v in_o their_o country_n than_o of_o such_o rove_a pirate_n who_o for_o their_o own_o security_n must_v be_v continual_o on_o their_o guard_n and_o consequent_o have_v but_o small_a leisure_n or_o reason_n for_o erect_v such_o last_a monument_n and_o that_o we_o find_v also_o these_o monument_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o caernarvonshire_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n where_o no_o history_n do_v inform_v we_o nor_o conjecture_v suggest_v that_o ever_o the_o dane_n have_v be_v to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o if_o we_o compare_v strict_o the_o description_n of_o the_o danish_a and_o swedish_n monument_n in_o saxon_a grammaticus_n wormius_n and_o rudbeckius_n with_o we_o in_o britain_n we_o shall_v find_v considerable_a difference_n in_o the_o order_n or_o structure_n of_o they_o for_o if_o we_o may_v place_v that_o here_o i_o find_v none_o of_o they_o comparable_a to_o that_o
at_o this_o place_n and_o that_o be_v grant_v it_o will_v also_o appear_v high_o probable_a that_o what_o we_o now_o call_v lhannio_n be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o that_o which_o ptolemy_n place_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o dimetae_n by_o the_o name_n of_o lovantinum_n or_o as_o mr._n camden_n read_v it_o lovantium_n if_o any_o shall_v urge_v that_o to_o suppose_v it_o only_o a_o castle_n and_o not_o a_o city_n or_o town_n of_o note_n be_v to_o grant_v it_o not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o old_a lovantium_n i_o answer_v that_o perhaps_o we_o do_v but_o commit_v a_o vulgar_a error_n when_o we_o take_v all_o the_o station_n in_o the_o itinerary_n and_o burrough_n of_o ptolemy_n for_o considerable_a town_n or_o city_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v have_v be_v only_a fort_n or_o castle_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o few_o house_n as_o occasion_v require_v c_o as_o to_o the_o beaver_n though_o we_o may_v not_o rely_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o giraldus_n in_o many_o thing_n he_o relate_v as_o one_o who_o write_v in_o a_o age_n less_o cautious_a and_o accurate_a and_o when_o nothing_o please_v so_o much_o as_o what_o excite_v the_o admiration_n of_o the_o reader_n yet_o in_o this_o case_n i_o see_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o question_v his_o veracity_n moreover_o that_o there_o be_v former_o beaver_n in_o this_o kingdom_n seem_v much_o confirm_v in_o that_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o pond_n or_o lake_n in_o wales_n well_o know_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o name_n of_o lhyn_n your_o avangk_n i.e._n beaver-pool_n the_o vulgar_a people_n of_o our_o age_n scarce_o know_v what_o creature_n that_o avangk_n be_v and_o therefore_o some_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o it_o be_v a_o phantom_n or_o apparition_n which_o heretofore_o haunt_v lake_n and_o rivers_n as_o for_o the_o name_n i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o word_n avon_n which_o signify_v a_o river_n and_o suppose_v it_o only_o a_o abbreviation_n of_o the_o word_n avonog_n i.e._n fluviatilis_n as_o lhwynog_n a_fw-la fox_n signify_v sylvaticus_fw-la from_o lhwyn_n sylva_n and_o for_o the_o signification_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v controvert_v some_o old_a poet_n so_o describe_v it_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o they_o mean_v a_o beaver_n beside_o the_o beaver_n we_o have_v have_v former_o some_o oher_z beast_n in_o wales_n which_o have_v be_v long_o since_o total_o destroy_v as_o first_o wolf_n concern_v which_o we_o read_v in_o this_o author_n in_o meirionydhshire_n as_o also_o in_o derbyshire_n and_o yorkshire_n second_o roe-buck_n call_v in_o welsh_a jyrchod_n which_o have_v give_v name_n to_o several_a place_n as_o bryn_n your_o iwrch_n phynon_n your_o iwrch_n lhwyn_n iwrch_n etc._n etc._n three_o the_o wild-boar_n whereof_o mention_n be_v make_v by_o dr._n davies_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o dictionary_n and_o last_o i_o have_v offer_v some_o argument_n to_o prove_v also_o that_o bear_n be_v heretofore_o native_n of_o this_o island_n which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o mr._n ray_n synopsis_fw-la methodica_fw-la animalium_fw-la quadrupedum_fw-la etc._n etc._n p._n 213._o do_v there_o have_v be_v since_o our_o author_n write_v this_o history_n several_a other_o lead-mine_n discover_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o county_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a that_o have_v be_v find_v out_o in_o our_o time_n either_o here_o or_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v that_o of_o bwlch_n your_o eskir_a hîr_n discover_v anno_fw-la 1690._o which_o be_v late_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n carbury_n pryse_n of_o gogerdhan_n baronet_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o the_o title_n be_v extinct_a be_v succeed_v in_o this_o estate_n of_o gogerdhan_n by_o the_o worshipful_a edward_n pryse_n the_o son_n of_o thomas_n pryse_n of_o lhan_n vrêd_n esq_n who_o be_v the_o present_a proprietor_n of_o these_o mine_n the_o ore_n be_v here_o so_o nigh_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o as_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v the_o moss_n and_o grass_n do_v in_o some_o place_n but_o just_a cover_v it_o which_o seem_v to_o add_v credit_n to_o that_o place_n of_o pliny_n nat._n hist_o lib._n 34._o c._n 17._o nigro_n plumbo_fw-la ad_fw-la fistulas_fw-la laminásque_fw-la utimur_fw-la laboriosiùs_fw-la in_o hispania_n eruto_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o britanniâ_fw-la summo_fw-la terrae_fw-la corio_fw-la adeo_fw-la largè_fw-fr ut_fw-la lex_fw-la ultro_fw-la dicatur_fw-la ne_fw-la plus_fw-la certo_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la but_o because_o there_o be_v a_o map_n of_o these_o lead-mine_n publish_v by_o the_o steward_n mr._n william_n waller_n together_o with_o a_o far_o better_a account_n of_o they_o than_o may_v be_v expect_v here_o it_o seem_v needless_a to_o add_v any_o more_o on_o this_o subject_n ¶_o there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o country_n several_a such_o ancient_a stone-monument_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o precede_a county_n whereof_o i_o shall_v brief_o mention_v such_o as_o i_o have_v see_v because_o they_o may_v differ_v in_o some_o respect_n from_o those_o already_o describe_v lhêch_o your_o ast_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n goedmor_n be_v a_o vast_a rude_a stone_n of_o about_o eight_o or_o nine_o yard_n in_o circumference_n and_o at_o least_o half_a a_o yard_n thick_a it_o be_v place_v incline_v the_o one_o side_n of_o it_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o other_o support_v by_o a_o pillar_n of_o about_o three_o foot_n high_a i_o have_v see_v a_o monument_n somewhat_o like_o this_o near_a lhan_n edern_n in_o glamorganshire_n call_v also_o by_o a_o name_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n glâl_v you_o vila_v which_o afford_v no_o information_n to_o the_o curious_a signify_v only_o the_o bitch-kennel_n because_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o such_o use_n that_o gwâl_v you_o vila_v be_v such_o a_o rude_a stone_n as_o this_o but_o much_o long_o and_o somewhat_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n about_o four_o yard_n long_o and_o two_o in_o breadth_n support_v at_o one_o end_n by_o a_o stone_n about_o two_o foot_n high_a somewhat_o of_o the_o same_o form_n though_o much_o more_o rude_a as_o those_o we_o find_v at_o the_o head_n and_o foot_n of_o grave_n in_o country_n church_n there_o be_v also_o by_o this_o lhêch_n your_o âst_n such_o another_o monument_n but_o much_o less_o and_o low_a and_o five_o bed_n such_o as_o we_o call_v kistieu_fw-fr maen_n but_o not_o cover_v scarce_a two_o yard_n long_o of_o rude_a stone_n pitch_v in_o the_o ground_n as_o likewise_o a_o circular_a area_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o stone_n the_o diameter_n whereof_o be_v about_o four_o yard_n but_o most_o of_o the_o stone_n of_o this_o circle_n be_v now_o fall_v and_o about_o six_o yard_n from_o it_o there_o lie_v a_o stone_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o another_o beyond_o that_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n which_o doubtless_o belong_v to_o it_o meineu_fw-fr hirion_n near_o nevodh_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o worshipful_a david_n parry_n esq_n the_o present_a high-sheriff_n of_o penbrokeshire_n be_v perhaps_o some_o remain_a pillar_n of_o such_o a_o circular_a stone-monument_n though_o much_o large_a as_o that_o describe_v in_o caermardhinshire_n by_o the_o name_n of_o meneu_fw-fr gŵyr_n meineu_fw-fr kyurîvol_n or_o the_o numerary_a stone_n near_o the_o same_o place_n seem_v to_o be_v also_o the_o remain_v of_o some_o such_o barbarous_a monument_n they_o be_v 19_o stone_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n confuse_o and_o be_v therefore_o call_v meineu_fw-fr kyurîvol_n by_o the_o vulgar_a who_o can_v easy_o number_v they_o whereof_o two_o only_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v pitch_v on_o end_n lhêch_o y_o gowre_n giganteae_fw-la gowre_n id_fw-la est_fw-la saxum_fw-la foeminae_fw-la giganteae_fw-la a_o monument_n well_o know_v also_o in_o this_o neighbourhood_n seem_v much_o more_o worth_a our_o observation_n be_v a_o exceed_o vast_a stone_n place_v on_o four_o other_o very_a large_a pillar_n or_o supporter_n about_o the_o height_n of_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n beside_o which_o four_o there_o be_v two_o other_o pitch_v on_o end_n under_o the_o top-stone_n but_o much_o low_a so_o that_o they_o bear_v no_o part_n of_o the_o weight_n there_o be_v also_o three_o stone_n two_o large_a one_o and_o behind_o those_o a_o lesser_a lie_v on_o the_o ground_n at_o each_o end_n of_o this_o monument_n and_o at_o some_o distance_n another_o rude_a stone_n which_o have_v probable_o some_o reference_n to_o it_o this_o lhêch_n y_o gowre_n stand_v on_o such_o a_o small_a bank_n or_o rise_n in_o a_o plain_a open_a field_n as_o the_o five_o stone_n near_o the_o circular_a monument_n call_v rolrich_n stone_n in_o oxfordshire_n hir-vaen_a gŵydhog_n conspicuus_fw-la gŵydhog_n id_fw-la est_fw-la colossus_n conspicuus_fw-la be_v a_o remarkable_a pillar_n about_o 16_o foot_n high_a 3_o foot_n broad_a and_o 2_o thick_a it_o be_v erect_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n in_o
the_o confine_n of_o the_o parish_n of_o kelhan_n and_o lhan_n y_fw-fr krŵys_n and_o be_v at_o present_a whatever_o it_o be_v put_v up_o for_o the_o mere-stone_n or_o boundary_a betwixt_o this_o county_n and_o caermardhinshire_n not_o far_o from_o it_o be_v maen_n y_o prenvol_n which_o i_o have_v not_o see_v but_o suppose_v from_o the_o name_n to_o be_v a_o monument_n of_o that_o kind_n we_o call_v kistvaen_n for_o prenvol_n in_o this_o country_n in_o north-wales_n prennol_n signify_v a_o small_a coffer_n or_o chest_n gwe_o taliesin_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan-vihangel_a geneu'r_o glyn_n by_o its_o name_n and_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o neighbour_n concern_v it_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o grave_n of_o the_o celebrate_a poet_n taliesin_n ben_fw-mi beirdh_fw-mi protovate_v beirdh_fw-mi id_fw-la est_fw-la taliesinus_n protovate_v who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n 540._o this_o grave_n or_o bed_n for_o that_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n gwely_n seem_v also_o to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o kist-vaen_a 4_o foot_n long_o and_z 3_o in_o breadth_n compose_v of_o 4_o stone_n 1_o at_o each_o end_n and_o 2_o side-stone_n whereof_o the_o high_a be_v about_o a_o foot_n above_o ground_n i_o take_v this_o and_o all_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n for_o old_a heathen_a monument_n and_o be_o far_o from_o believe_v that_o ever_o taliesin_n be_v inter_v here_o but_o to_o proceed_v from_o these_o barbarous_a monument_n which_o yet_o i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o more_o rude_a than_o those_o of_o our_o neighbour_n nation_n before_o they_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o something_o late_a and_o more_o civilise_a i_o shall_v here_o add_v a_o inscription_n i_o late_o copy_v from_o a_o large_a rude_a stone_n in_o penbryn_n parish_n not_o far_o from_o the_o church_n it_o stand_v not_o long_o since_o as_o i_o be_v inform_v in_o a_o small_a heap_n of_o stone_n close_o by_o the_o place_n where_o it_o lie_v now_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o stone_n be_v as_o hard_a as_o marble_n and_o the_o letter_n large_a and_o very_o fair_a and_o deep_o inscribe_v than_o ordinary_a but_o what_o they_o signify_v i_o fear_v must_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o reader_n be_v conjecture_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o at_o first_o view_n i_o think_v i_o may_v venture_v to_o read_v it_o cor_n balencii_n jacit_fw-la ordous_a and_o to_o interpret_v it_o the_o heart_n of_o valentius_n of_o north-wales_n lie_v here_o suppose_v that_o such_o a_o person_n may_v have_v be_v slay_v there_o in_o battle_n in_o old_a inscription_n we_o often_o find_v the_o letter_n b._n use_v for_o v._o as_o balerius_n for_o valerius_n bixsit_v for_o vixsit_v militabit_fw-la for_o militavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o word_n ordous_a i_o think_v not_o very_o remote_a from_o ordovices_n but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o notion_n of_o it_o myself_o much_o less_o do_v i_o expect_v that_o other_o shall_v acquiesce_v therein_o in_o this_o same_o parish_n of_o penbryn_n be_v find_v some_o year_n since_o a_o british_a gold_n coin_n weigh_v i_o suppose_v above_o a_o guinea_n which_o be_v now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o worshipful_a john_n william_n esquire_n of_o aber_n nant_n bychan_n who_o be_v please_v to_o send_v i_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o insert_v now_o among_o some_o other_o antiquity_n at_o the_o end_n of_o these_o county_n of_o wales_n from_o this_o and_o many_o other_o find_v in_o several_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v manifest_a the_o britain_n have_v gold_n and_o silver_n coin_v of_o their_o own_o before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n unless_o such_o as_o contend_v for_o the_o contrary_a can_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o these_o coin_v be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o phoenician_n or_o some_o other_o trade_v nation_n which_o i_o think_v no_o man_n have_v yet_o attempt_v for_o see_v such_o of_o these_o coin_v as_o want_v inscription_n be_v always_o a_o little_a hollow_a on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o have_v also_o impression_n or_o character_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o different_a from_o those_o of_o roman_a and_o all_o other_o coin_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a the_o art_n of_o coin_v they_o be_v never_o learn_v of_o the_o roman_n for_o if_o so_o we_o have_v never_o meet_v with_o these_o unintelligible_a character_n on_o they_o but_o roman_a letter_n such_o as_o by_o some_o coin_v of_o veâ—â—_n of_o bâ—â—_n waâ—â—_n aâ—a_fw-it 〈◊〉_d veâ—â—_n cassivelaunus_n and_o cunobelin_n we_o find_v they_o make_v use_v of_o after_o their_o conquest_n since_o mr._n camden_n time_n thomas_n brudenel_n baron_n brudenel_n of_o stoughton_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o cardigan_n carâ—â—â—â—â—_n earâ—â—_n carâ—â—â—â—â—_n by_o k._n charles_n 2._o apr._n 20._o 1661._o upon_o who_o death_n robert_n his_o son_n succeed_v in_o his_o estate_n and_o title_n north_n wales_n by_o rob_n t_o morden_n ordevice_n those_o country_n of_o the_o silures_n and_o dimetae_n we_o have_v last_o survey_v be_v in_o aftertime_n when_o wales_n become_v divide_v into_o three_o principality_n call_v by_o the_o native_n deheubarth_n or_o the_o right-hand_a part_n and_o in_o english_a as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v south-wales_n the_o other_o two_o principality_n which_o they_o call_v gwynedh_n and_o powy_n we_o north-wales_n and_o powisland_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o ordovices_n call_v also_o ordevice_n and_o ordovicae_n and_o in_o some_o author_n though_o corrupt_o ordolucae_fw-la a_o courageous_a and_o puissant_a nation_n these_o be_v as_o be_v inhabitant_n of_o a_o mountainous_a country_n and_o receive_v vigour_n from_o their_o native_a soil_n and_o who_o continue_v the_o long_a of_o any_o unconquered_a by_o either_o roman_n or_o english_a for_o they_o be_v not_o subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n domitian_n when_o julius_n agricola_n reduce_v almost_o the_o whole_a nation_n nor_o be_v they_o subject_v by_o the_o english_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o for_o a_o long_a time_n they_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n confide_v as_o well_o in_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o courage_n as_o the_o roughness_n and_o difficult_a situation_n of_o their_o country_n which_o may_v seem_v in_o a_o manner_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v design_v it_o for_o ambuscadoe_n and_o prolong_v of_o war_n to_o determine_v the_o limit_n of_o these_o ordevice_n be_v no_o hard_a task_n but_o to_o render_v a_o true_a account_n of_o the_o name_n seem_v very_o difficult_a however_o i_o have_v entertain_v a_o conjecture_n that_o see_v they_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o two_o river_n of_o devi_n which_o spring_v not_o far_o asunder_o take_v their_o course_n different_a way_n and_o that_o ar-dhyvi_a that_o read_v ar-dhyvi_a oar-devi_a in_o the_o british_a language_n signify_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o devi_n they_o have_v be_v thence_o call_v ordevice_n so_o the_o arverni_n receive_v their_o name_n from_o their_o situation_n on_o the_o river_n garumna_n the_o armorici_n from_o inhabit_v a_o maritime_a country_n and_o the_o horesci_n from_o their_o border_n on_o the_o river_n esk._n nor_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o ordevice_n so_o entire_o extinct_a in_o this_o country_n but_o that_o there_o remain_v some_o footstep_n of_o it_o for_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v on_o the_o sea_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n ardudwy_n out_o of_o which_o the_o roman_n by_o a_o soft_a pronunciation_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v coin_v their_o ordovices_n and_o ordevice_n but_o now_o this_o whole_a tract_n one_o small_a county_n except_v be_v call_v in_o latin_a gwynedhia_n and_o venedotia_n and_o in_o british_a gwynedh_n from_o the_o veneti_n in_o armorica_n as_o some_o suspect_n who_o as_o caesar_n write_v be_v use_v often_o to_o sail_v into_o britain_n and_o if_o it_o be_v allowable_a to_o change_v but_o one_o letter_n i_o may_v suppose_v this_o name_n also_o not_o unknown_a to_o the_o greek_n and_o to_o pausanias_n who_o in_o his_o arcadia_n inform_v we_o that_o antoninus_n pius_n have_v sufficient_o chastise_v our_o brigantes_n for_o make_v inroad_n into_o genounia_n a_o roman_a province_n in_o britain_n now_o if_o we_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o read_v genouthia_n genounia_fw-la genounia_fw-la for_o genounia_n that_o word_n come_v so_o near_a guinethia_n and_o this_o guinethia_n or_o gwynedh_n border_n so_o much_o on_o the_o country_n of_o the_o brigantes_n that_o unless_o pausanias_n understand_v this_o region_n let_v sibylla_n herself_o discover_v what_o country_n he_o mean_v to_o the_o ordovices_n belong_v those_o country_n which_o be_v now_o call_v in_o english_a by_o new_a name_n montgomeryshire_n meirionydhshire_n caernarvonshire_n denbighshire_n and_o flintshire_n montgomeryshire_n montgomeryshire_n in_o british_a sîr_fw-fr dre_fw-fr '_o valdwyn_n from_o its_o chief_a town_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o cardigan_n and_o radnor_n shire_n on_o the_o east_n with_o shropshire_n on_o the_o north_n with_o denbigh_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o
cover_v the_o pass_n of_o river_n or_o frith_n aequâ—â—atur_fw-la frith_n taâ—â—_n anâ—_n 〈◊〉_d xâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d magâ—â—ne_a prakâ—â—teâ—_n etc._n etc._n agit_fw-fr pâ—â—amneâ—_n eupâ—â—tem_v pâ—â—_n catâ—n_n &_o iâ—_n prâ—â—â—_n bartâ—â—_n in_o quâ—â—â—_n xa_fw-la etc._n etc._n long_o 〈◊〉_d meaâ—â—â—_n quaâ—s_v contâ—â—â—_n sagitâ—â—â—_n jacta_fw-la aâ—_n aequâ—â—atur_fw-la as_o that_o into_o anglesey_n out_o of_o this_o county_n it_o be_v evident_a they_o be_v not_o use_v here_o on_o that_o occasion_n for_o if_o so_o the_o british_a army_n have_v not_o be_v post_v on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n to_o receive_v the_o roman_n as_o tacitus_n annal._n 14._o express_o tell_v we_o they_o be_v but_o have_v be_v compel_v to_o a_o far_a distance_n it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o brass_n axe_n find_v at_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o cornwall_n be_v of_o this_o kind_n because_o there_o be_v find_v with_o they_o certain_a arm_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n like_o short_a sword_n or_o dagger_n such_o as_o we_o find_v also_o in_o these_o part_n and_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o last_o county_n of_o those_o mr._n camden_n opinion_n be_v that_o they_o be_v british_a and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o they_o be_v so_o if_o the_o brass_n arm_n he_o mention_n be_v real_o sword_n as_o he_o suppose_v for_o no_o man_n will_v imagine_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v sword_n of_o that_o metal_n and_o that_o be_v grant_v it_o will_v be_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o the_o axe_n and_o spear-head_n he_o mention_n to_o be_v lodge_v with_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o nation_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n i_o suspect_v these_o instrument_n roman_a suppose_v they_o too_o artificial_a to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o britain_n before_o the_o roman_n civilise_v they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o sword_n etc._n etc._n but_o intend_v for_o some_o other_o use_n but_o see_v they_o have_v gold_n and_o silver_n coin_v before_o that_o time_n as_o all_o antiquary_n allow_v and_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o the_o golden_a torquis_fw-la describe_v in_o the_o last_o county_n be_v they_o and_o also_o that_o pliny_n tell_v we_o the_o druid_n cut_v down_o their_o misseltoe_n with_o golden_a sickle_n i_o know_v not_o but_o they_o may_v have_v more_o art_n than_o we_o common_o allow_v they_o and_o therefore_o must_v suspend_v my_o judgement_n ¶_o there_o be_v in_o this_o county_n as_o also_o in_o the_o other_o province_n of_o north-wales_n several_a remarkable_a old_a fort_n and_o such_o stone-monument_n as_o we_o have_v note_v in_o the_o county_n of_o caermardhin_a penbroke_a and_o cardigan_n whereof_o because_o i_o have_v take_v no_o description_n myself_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o curious_a some_o short_a note_n on_o this_o subject_n out_o of_o a_o ms._n write_v by_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n 1._o and_o communicate_v to_o i_o by_o my_o worthy_a friend_n mr._n griffith_n jones_n schoolmaster_n of_o lhan_n rŵst_n on_o the_o top_n of_o pènmaen_n stand_v a_o lofty_a and_o impregnable_a hill_n call_v d_o braich_fw-mi y_fw-mi dhinas_n where_o we_o find_v the_o ruinous_a wall_n of_o a_o exceed_a strong_a fortification_n encompass_v with_o a_o treble_a wall_n and_o within_o each_o wall_n the_o foundation_n of_o at_o least_o a_o hundred_o tower_n all_o round_a and_o of_o equal_a bigness_n and_o about_o six_o yard_n diameter_n within_o the_o wall_n the_o wall_n of_o this_o dinas_n be_v in_o most_o place_n two_o yard_n thick_a and_o in_o some_o about_o three_o this_o castle_n seem_v when_o it_o stand_v impregnable_a there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o offer_v any_o assault_n to_o it_o the_o hill_n be_v so_o very_o high_a steep_a and_o rocky_a and_o the_o wall_n of_o such_o strength_n the_o way_n or_o entrance_n into_o it_o ascend_v with_o many_o turn_n so_o that_o a_o hundred_o man_n may_v defend_v themselves_o against_o a_o whole_a legion_n and_o yet_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o there_o be_v lodging_n within_o these_o wall_n for_o 20000_o man_n at_o the_o summit_n of_o this_o rock_n within_o the_o innermost_a wall_n there_o be_v a_o well_o which_o afford_v plenty_n of_o water_n even_o in_o the_o dry_v summer_n by_o the_o tradition_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o ancestor_n this_o be_v the_o strong_a and_o safe_a refuge_n or_o place_n of_o defence_n the_o ancient_a britain_n have_v in_o all_o snowdon_n to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n moreover_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o work_n show_v it_o be_v a_o princely_a fortification_n strengthen_v by_o nature_n and_o workmanship_n seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o the_o high_a mountaiâ—â—f_n that_o part_n of_o snowdon_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o sea_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o this_o fortification_n stand_v the_o most_o remarkable_a monument_n in_o all_o snowdon_n call_v d_o y_fw-fr meineu_fw-fr hirion_n upon_o the_o plain_a mountain_n within_o the_o parish_n of_o dwy_n gyvylcheu_o above_o gŵdhw_o glâ_v it_o be_v a_o circular_a entrenchment_n about_o 26_o yard_n diameter_n on_o the_o outside_n whereof_o there_o be_v certain_a rude_a stone-pillar_n pitch_v on_o end_n of_o which_o about_o 12_o be_v now_o stand_v some_o 2_o yard_n other_o 5_o foot_n high_a and_o these_o be_v again_o encompass_v with_o a_o stone_n wall_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o plain_a mountain_n as_o soon_o as_o we_o come_v to_o the_o height_n have_v much_o even_a ground_n about_o it_o and_o not_o far_o from_o it_o there_o be_v three_o other_o large_a stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n in_o a_o triangular_a form_n about_o three_o furlong_n from_o this_o monument_n there_o be_v several_a such_o vast_a heap_n of_o small_a stone_n as_o we_o call_v karnedheu_o concern_v which_o the_o tradition_n be_v that_o a_o memorable_a battle_n be_v fight_v near_o this_o place_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n wherein_o after_o much_o slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n the_o latter_a remain_a conqueror_n bury_v their_o dead_a in_o heap_n cast_v these_o stone_n on_o they_o partly_o to_o prevent_v the_o wild_a boar_n which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v common_a in_o these_o part_n from_o dig_v up_o their_o body_n and_o partly_o as_o a_o memorial_n to_o posterity_n that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n lay_v there_o inter_v there_o be_v also_o about_o these_o heap_n or_o karnedheu_o several_a grave_n which_o have_v stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n about_o they_o and_o be_v cover_v with_o one_o or_o two_o large_a one_o these_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o monument_n of_o the_o commander_n or_o great_a person_n then_o flain_v in_o battle_n but_o have_v nothing_o to_o inform_v we_o herein_o we_o must_v rely_v on_o tradition_n and_o conjecture_n etc._n etc._n at_o present_v this_o county_n give_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n earl_n earl_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n dormer_n anglesey_n we_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o the_o county_n of_o caernarvon_n we_o last_o survey_v derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a town_n therein_o and_o that_o the_o town_n borrow_a that_o name_n also_o from_o the_o island_n mona_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o it_o it_o remain_v now_o whereas_o we_o former_o not_o so_o proper_o place_v it_o among_o the_o island_n that_o we_o restore_v that_o tract_n to_o its_o right_a place_n and_o describe_v it_o in_o order_n see_v it_o enjoy_v also_o and_o not_o undeserved_o the_o title_n of_o a_o county_n this_o island_n be_v call_v by_o the_o roman_n mona_n in_o british_a môn_n and_o tir_v môn_o i.e._n the_o land_n of_o mon_n and_o ynys_n dowylh_v or_o the_o shady_a island_n by_o the_o old_a saxon_n moneg_v and_o in_o latter_a time_n when_o reduce_v by_o the_o english_a engles_n ea_fw-la and_o anglesey_n i.e._n the_o english_a island_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o continent_n of_o britain_n by_o the_o narrow_a frith_n of_o meneu_fw-fr â—â—â—nâ—eshire_n david_n â—â—â—nâ—eshire_n and_o on_o all_o other_o side_n wash_v by_o that_o rage_a irish_a sea_n it_o be_v of_o a_o irregular_a form_n and_o extend_v in_o length_n from_o east_n to_o west_n 20_o mile_n â—1_n 〈…〉_o be_v 〈…〉_o â—1_n and_o where_o broad_a about_o 17._o this_o land_n say_v giraldus_n although_o as_o to_o outward_a appearance_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o dry_a rocky_a and_o unpleasant_a country_n not_o unlike_a that_o of_o pebidiog_n near_o st._n david_n be_v yet_o as_o to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n much_o otherwise_o for_o it_o be_v incomparable_o the_o most_o fruitful_a country_n for_o wheat_n in_o all_o wales_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o welsh_a language_n it_o be_v proverbial_o say_v of_o it_o môn_a mam_n gymry_n i.e._n môn_n the_o nursery_n of_o wales_n because_o when_o other_o country_n fail_v this_o alone_a by_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o plentiful_a harvest_n it_o produce_v be_v wont_a
land_n at_o a_o place_n call_v tre_z '_o varthin_n about_o the_o year_n 1680._o and_o be_v afterward_o add_v by_o the_o late_a sir_n thomas_n mostyn_n to_o his_o curious_a collection_n of_o antiquity_n etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o mr._n davies_n since_o the_o date_n of_o who_o letter_n i_o receive_v a_o copy_n of_o the_o inscription_n he_o mention_n at_o lhan_n babo_n from_o the_o reverend_n mr._n robert_n humphreys_n rector_n of_o lhan_n vechelh_n for_o though_o the_o stone_n be_v as_o he_o mention_n break_v in_o two_o piece_n and_o remove_v from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v the_o inscription_n whatever_o it_o may_v import_v be_v yet_o preserve_v which_o though_o i_o understand_v not_o myself_o i_o shall_v however_o insert_v here_o because_o i_o know_v not_o but_o it_o may_v be_v intelligible_a to_o several_a reader_n and_o so_o give_v some_o light_n towards_o the_o explain_n of_o other_o inscription_n this_o monument_n be_v call_v maen_n lhanol_n corrupt_o i_o suppose_v for_o maen_n lhineol_n i.e._n lapis_fw-la insculptus_fw-la sive_fw-la lineolis_fw-la exaratus_fw-la for_o there_o be_v such_o another_o know_v by_o that_o name_n at_o penbryn_n parish_n in_o cardiganshire_n it_o seem_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o this_o stone_n as_o well_o as_o those_o other_o abovementioned_a be_v a_o sepulchral_v monument_n and_o that_o the_o word_n hic_fw-la iaceo_fw-la end_n the_o inscription_n b_o these_o word_n yn_v hericy_n gwidil_n i_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v erroneous_o print_v for_o kerig_n y_fw-fr gwydhel_n i.e._n irish_a stone_n for_o we_o find_v a_o place_n so_o call_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n gristiolis_n but_o i_o think_v we_o may_v not_o safe_o conclude_v from_o that_o name_n either_o that_o the_o irish_a have_v any_o settlement_n in_o these_o part_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o memorable_a action_n here_o betwixt_o that_o nation_n and_o the_o britain_n see_v it_o relate_v only_o to_o one_o man_n who_o perhaps_o may_v be_v bury_v at_o that_o place_n and_o a_o heap_n of_o stone_n cast_v on_o his_o grave_n as_o have_v be_v usual_a in_o other_o place_n i_o also_o make_v some_o doubt_n whether_o those_o monument_n our_o author_n mention_n by_o the_o name_n of_o hibernicorum_n casulae_n or_o irish_a hut_n be_v any_o proof_n that_o ever_o the_o irish_a dwell_v there_o for_o they_o be_v only_o some_o vast_a rude_a stone_n lay_v together_o in_o a_o circular_a order_n enclose_v a_o area_n of_o about_o five_o yard_n diameter_n and_o be_v so_o ill_o shape_v that_o we_o can_v suppose_v they_o the_o foundation_n of_o any_o high_a building_n and_o as_o they_o be_v they_o afford_v no_o shelter_n or_o other_o conveniency_n for_o inhabitant_n those_o i_o mean_v be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o wood_n near_o lhygwy_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o worshipful_a pierce_n lloyd_n esq_n and_o be_v common_o call_v killieu'r_o gwydhêlod_n i.e._n irish_a cott_n whence_o i_o infer_v they_o must_v be_v the_o same_o which_o mr._n camden_n call_v hibernicorum_fw-la casulas_fw-la a_o monument_n of_o this_o kind_n though_o much_o less_o may_v be_v see_v at_o lhech_n your_o ast_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n goedmor_n near_o cardigan_n which_o be_v doubtless_o erect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n and_o barbarity_n but_o to_o what_o end_n i_o dare_v not_o pretend_v to_o conjecture_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o these_o killieu'r_o gwydhèlod_n which_o i_o presume_v to_o have_v be_v so_o call_v by_o the_o vulgar_a only_o because_o they_o have_v a_o tradition_n that_o before_o christianity_n the_o irish_a be_v possess_v of_o this_o island_n and_o therefore_o be_v apt_a to_o ascribe_v to_o that_o nation_n such_o monument_n as_o seem_v to_o they_o unaccountable_a as_o the_o scotish_n highlander_v refer_v their_o circular_a stone_n pillar_n to_o the_o pict_n aubrey_n pict_n dr._n garden_n be_v letter_n to_o mr._n aubrey_n for_o we_o must_v not_o suppose_v such_o barbarous_a monument_n can_v be_v so_o late_a as_o the_o end_n of_o the_o six_o century_n about_o which_o time_n this_o irish_a commander_n sirigi_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slay_v by_o kaswalhaw_v law_n hîr_n i.e._n cassivelaunus_n longimanus_fw-la and_o his_o people_n force_v to_o quit_v the_o island_n history_n island_n see_v the_o description_n of_o wales_n before_o dr._n powel_n history_n we_o have_v many_o place_n in_o wales_n beside_o these_o denominate_v from_o the_o irish_a as_o pentre'r_o gwydhel_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o rhos_n golin_n in_o this_o county_n pont_n y_o gwydhel_n in_o lhan_n vair_n and_o pentre'r_o gwydhel_n in_o lhysvaen_n parish_n denbighshire_n kerig_n y_o gwydhel_n near_o festineog_n in_o meirionydhshire_n and_o in_o cardiganshire_n we_o find_v kwm_n y_fw-fr gwydhyl_n in_o penbryn_n parish_n and_o karn_n philip_n wydhil_n in_o lhan_n wennog_n but_o have_v no_o history_n to_o back_o these_o name_n nothing_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o they_o c_o about_o the_o year_n 945_o manuscript_n mr._n robert_n vaughan_n manuscript_n there_o be_v a_o battle_n fight_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n betwixt_o howel_n dha_n king_n of_o wales_n and_o kynan_o ap_fw-mi edwal_n voel_n wherein_o kynan_o fell_a afterward_o grufydh_n his_o son_n renew_v the_o war_n be_v likewise_o overcome_v and_o kyngar_n a_o potent_a man_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o isle_n howel_n keep_v quiet_a possession_n thereof_o do_v the_o welsh_a name_n of_o newburg_n be_v so_o various_o write_v that_o it_o be_v doubtful_a which_o be_v the_o right_n in_o the_o description_n of_o wales_n insert_v before_o dr._n powel_n history_n it_o be_v call_v rhossyr_n and_o in_o another_o impression_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v never_o publish_v because_o not_o complete_v it_o be_v write_v rhôs_n îr_n which_o either_o alter_v the_o signification_n or_o make_v it_o more_o distinct_a in_o a_o ms._n copy_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v call_v rhosfir_n which_o we_o be_v to_o read_v rhosvir_n but_o mr._n davies_n abovementioned_a now_o rector_n of_o the_o place_n inform_v i_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v rhos-vair_a in_o confirmation_n whereof_o he_o add_v this_o englin_n mae_n lhÅ·_v yn_fw-we rhos-vair_a mae_fw-la lhyn_n mae_n eur-gluch_a mae_fw-la arglwydh_n lhewelyn_n a_o gwyr_n tà l_v yn_v ei_fw-la ganlyn_n mâ—l_fw-mi myrdh_fw-mi mew_v gwyrdh_fw-mi a_o gwyn_n e_fw-la in_o mr._n aubrey_n monumenta_fw-la britannica_fw-la ms._n britannica_fw-la mr._n aubr_n ms._n i_o observe_v a_o note_n of_o some_o remarkable_a monument_n near_o holy-head_n in_o these_o word_n there_o be_v in_o anglesey_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o holy-head_n on_o a_o hill_n near_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v to_o beaumaris_n a_o monument_n of_o huge_a stone_n they_o be_v about_o twenty_o in_o number_n and_o between_o four_o and_o five_o foot_n high_a at_o the_o northern_a end_n of_o it_o there_o be_v two_o stone_n about_o six_o foot_n high_a they_o stand_v upon_o a_o hillock_n in_o a_o farm_n call_v trevign_v and_o have_v no_o other_o name_n than_o lhecheu_o flat-stone_n lhecheu_o id_fw-la est_fw-la flat-stone_n whence_o the_o field_n where_o they_o be_v raise_v be_v call_v kae'r_o lhecheu_o the_o first_o who_o take_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n from_o this_o island_n be_v christopher_n villers_n 〈…〉_o eâ—â—â—_n 〈…〉_o brother_n of_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n create_v sept._n 24._o 1623._o who_o be_v succeed_v by_o charles_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n but_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o without_o issue_n male_a it_o be_v confer_v on_o arthur_n annesley_n create_v lord_n annesley_n of_o newport-pagnel_a in_o the_o county_n of_o buck_n and_o earl_n of_o anglesey_n apr._n 20._o 1661._o at_o present_v it_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a james_n annesley_n denbighshire_n on_o this_o side_n the_o river_n conwy_n denbighshire_n call_v in_o british_a sîr_n dhinbech_n retire_v in_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v extend_v eastward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi it_o be_v encompass_v on_o the_o north_n for_o some_o space_n by_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o small_a county_n of_o flint_n on_o the_o west_n by_o meirionydh_n and_o mongomery_n and_o on_o the_o east_n by_o cheshire_n and_o shropshire_n the_o western_a part_n of_o it_o be_v somewhat_o barren_a the_o middle_n where_o it_o fall_v into_o a_o vale_n exceed_v fruitful_a the_o eastern_a part_n next_o the_o vale_n not_o so_o fertile_a but_o towards_o dee_n much_o better_a towards_o the_o west_n but_o that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o more_o fruitful_a by_o the_o seaside_n it_o be_v but_o thin_o inhabit_v and_o swell_v pretty_a much_o with_o bare_a and_o craggy_a hill_n but_o the_o diligence_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n have_v long_o since_o begin_v to_o conquer_v the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o land_n on_o the_o side_n of_o these_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o other_o place_n of_o wales_n for_o have_v pare_v off_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o a_o broad_a iron_n instrument_n for_o that_o purpose_n into_o thin_a clod_n and_o turf_n they_o
extend_v to_o the_o river_n d_o you_o a_o pleasant_a small_a country_n â—d_a â—d_a and_o well_o store_v with_o lead_n especial_o near_o mwyn-glodh_a a_o small_a village_n denominate_v from_o the_o lead-mine_n in_o this_o part_n lie_v wrexham_n â—exham_fw-mi â—exham_fw-mi call_v in_o saxon_a writtlesham_n remarkable_a for_o a_o very_a neat_a tower_n and_o the_o organ_n there_o and_o near_o this_o place_n be_v leonis_fw-la castrum_n so_o call_v perhaps_o from_o the_o legio_n vicesima_fw-la victrix_n which_o keep_v garrison_n a_o little_a high_o on_o the_o other_o side_n dee_n it_o be_v now_o call_v holt_n â—t_a â—t_a and_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v more_o late_o repair_v by_o william_n stanley_n and_o former_o by_o john_n earl_n of_o warren_n powel_n d._n powel_n who_o be_v guardian_n in_o trust_n to_o one_o madok_v a_o british_a prince_n seize_v for_o his_o own_o use_n this_o province_n together_o with_o that_o of_o iâl_n from_o the_o earl_n of_o warren_n it_o descend_v afterward_o to_o the_o fitz-alans_a earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o from_o they_o to_o william_n to_o sir_n william_n william_n beauchamp_n baron_n of_o aber_n gavenny_n and_o afterward_o to_o service_n to_o to_o sir_n william_n stanley_n chamberlain_z to_z k._n henry_n 7._o who_o contest_v with_o his_o sovereign_n about_o his_o good_a service_n when_o he_o be_v honourable_o recompense_v lose_v his_o head_n forget_v that_o sovereign_n must_v not_o be_v behold_v to_o subject_n howsoever_o subject_n fancy_v their_o own_o good_a service_n william_n stanley_n who_o be_v behead_v this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o estate_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o crown_n southward_o of_o bromfield_n lie_v chirk_n chirk_n chirk_n call_v in_o welsh_a gwayn_n a_o country_n also_o pretty_a mountainous_a but_o honour_v with_o two_o castle_n viz._n chirk_n whence_o it_o receive_v its_o name_n which_o be_v build_v by_o roger_n mortimer_n and_o kastelh_n dinas_n brân_n dinas_n castle_n dinas_n seat_v on_o the_o high_a top_n of_o a_o sharp_a hill_n whereof_o there_o remain_v at_o present_a only_o some_o ruinous_a wall_n the_o common_a people_n affirm_v that_o this_o be_v build_v and_o so_o call_v by_o brennus_n brennus_n brennus_n general_n of_o the_o gaul_n and_o some_o interpret_v the_o name_n the_o king_n palace_n for_o burn_v in_o british_a signify_v a_o king_n from_o whence_o possible_o that_o powerful_a prince_n of_o the_o gaul_n and_o britain_n be_v call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n brennus_n but_o other_o will_v have_v it_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o situation_n on_o a_o hill_n which_o the_o britain_n call_n bryn_n and_o this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o grufydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madok_n who_o when_o he_o side_v with_o the_o english_a against_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o secure_v himself_o here_o but_o upon_o his_o decease_n roger_n mortimer_n who_o be_v appoint_v guardian_n to_o his_o son_n lhewelyn_n seize_v this_o chirk_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n as_o john_n earl_n of_o warâ—en_n mention_v before_o have_v usurp_v bromfield_n when_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o welsh_a by_o faction_n among_o themselves_o and_o invasion_n of_o the_o english_a fall_v to_o decay_v and_o can_v now_o subsist_v no_o long_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o warren_n the_o mortimer_n lacie_n and_o the_o grey_n who_o i_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o norman_n that_o reduce_v by_o degree_n this_o small_a province_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v possess_v by_o their_o posterity_n nor_o be_v it_o make_v a_o county_n before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n 8._o when_o radnor_n brecknock_n and_o montgomery_n be_v likewise_o make_v county_n by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n it_o contain_v 57_o parish_n addition_n to_o denbighshire_n asleep_o that_o kerrig_n y_fw-fr drùdion_n be_v so_o denominate_v from_o druid_n seem_v high_o probable_a though_o not_o altogether_o unquestionable_a for_o that_o the_o word_n drùdion_n signify_v druid_n be_v for_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v only_o presume_v from_o its_o affinity_n with_o the_o latin_a druidae_n and_o because_o we_o know_v not_o any_o other_o signification_n of_o it_o in_o the_o british_a lexicon_n we_o find_v no_o other_o word_n than_o derwÅ·dhon_n 44._o â—ied_v by_o â—yâ—â—â—b_a â—arâ—c_n 〈…〉_o c._n â—o_o wit_n 1240._o â—_o â—yrâ—â—_n bryâ—â—â—awr_n 〈…〉_o nat._n 〈◊〉_d c._n 44._o for_o druid_n which_o may_v be_v fit_o render_v in_o latin_a quercetani_n dèrw_n signify_v in_o welsh_a oak-tree_n which_o agree_v in_o sound_n with_o the_o greek_a may_v occasion_v †_o pliny_n conjecture_n who_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o that_o language_n than_o the_o celtic_a or_o british_a that_o druid_n be_v original_o a_o greek_a name_n the_o singular_a of_o derwydhon_n be_v derwydh_n which_o the_o roman_n can_v not_o write_v more_o true_o than_o deruida_n whereof_o druida_n seem_v only_o a_o easy_a variation_n the_o word_n drudion_n may_v likewise_o only_o vary_v in_o dialect_n from_o derwydhon_n and_o so_o the_o name_n of_o this_o place_n be_v right_o interpret_v by_o our_o countryman_n and_o mr._n camden_n druid-stone_n but_o what_o stone_n they_o be_v that_o have_v be_v thus_o call_v be_v a_o question_n i_o can_v not_o be_v thorough_o satisfy_v in_o though_o i_o have_v make_v some_o enquiry_n the_o most_o remarkable_a stone-monument_n now_o remain_v in_o this_o parish_n be_v two_o of_o that_o kind_n we_o call_v kistieu_fw-fr maen_fw-la or_o stone-chest_n whereof_o some_o have_v be_v mention_v in_o other_o county_n and_o several_a omit_v as_o not_o differ_v material_o from_o those_o i_o have_v describe_v these_o i_o have_v not_o see_v myself_o but_o find_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o they_o in_o a_o letter_n from_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n of_o this_o neighbourhood_n as_o for_o ancient_a inscription_n either_o of_o the_o druid_n or_o other_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o glean_v for_o they_o in_o these_o part_n after_o mr._n camden_n nor_o can_v those_o he_o mention_n at_o voelas_n in_o our_o neighbourhood_n as_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o their_o character_n boast_v of_o any_o great_a antiquity_n for_o that_o they_o be_v so_o obscure_a and_o intricate_a i_o impute_v to_o the_o unskilfulness_n of_o the_o stone-cutter_n suppose_v they_o be_v not_o plain_o legible_a in_o those_o time_n that_o first_o see_v they_o yet_o that_o grave_n and_o learned_a antiquary_n as_o be_v common_o incident_a to_o stranger_n in_o their_o perambulation_n have_v either_o forget_v or_o not_o observe_v the_o most_o remarkable_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n in_o this_o parish_n of_o kerig_n y_fw-fr drudion_n i_o mean_v those_o two_o solitary_a prison_n which_o be_v general_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o druid_n they_o be_v place_v about_o a_o furlong_n from_o each_o other_o and_o be_v such_o hut_v that_o each_o prison_n can_v well_o contain_v but_o a_o single_a person_n one_o of_o they_o be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o karchar_n kynrik_n rŵth_v or_o kenric_a rŵth_n prison_n but_o who_o he_o be_v be_v altogether_o uncertain_a the_o other_o be_v know_v by_o no_o particular_a title_n but_o that_o of_o kist-uâen_a or_o stone-chest_n which_o be_v common_a to_o both_o and_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o name_n late_o give_v they_o because_o they_o be_v somewhat_o of_o the_o form_n of_o large_a chest_n from_o which_o they_o chief_o differ_v in_o their_o open_n or_o entrance_n they_o stand_v north_n and_o south_n and_o be_v each_o of_o they_o compose_v of_o seven_o stone_n of_o these_o four_o be_v above_o six_o foot_n long_o and_o about_o a_o yard_n in_o breadth_n be_v so_o place_v as_o to_o resemble_v the_o square_a tunnel_n of_o a_o chimney_n a_o five_o which_o be_v not_o so_o long_o but_o of_o the_o same_o breadth_n be_v pitch_v at_o the_o south_n end_v thereof_o firm_o to_o secure_v that_o passage_n at_o the_o north-end_n be_v the_o entrance_n where_o the_o six_o stone_n be_v the_o lid_n and_o 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rhodes_n when_o the_o great_a mahomet_n be_v worsted_n it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o mr._n ralph_n thoresby_n of_o leeds_n east_n from_o knaresbrough_n stand_v ribston-hall_n â—â—â—ston-â—all_n â—â—â—ston-â—all_n the_o pleasant_a seat_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n henry_n goodrick_n baronet_n ambassador_n from_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n now_o privy-councillor_n and_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o ordnance_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n hh_v another_o river_n call_v ure_n must_v be_v our_o next_o direction_n carry_v we_o to_o rippon_n â—â—ppon_o â—â—ppon_o where_o in_o the_o minster-yard_n be_v this_o modest_a inscription_n for_o a_o two_o thousand_o pound_n benefactor_n hic_fw-la iaceo_fw-la zacharias_n jepson_n cujus_fw-la aetas_fw-la fuit_fw-la 49._o perpaucos_fw-la tantum_fw-la annos_fw-la vixit_fw-la two_o it_o bring_v we_o next_o to_o burrowbridge_n â—â—rrwâ—dge_n â—â—rrwâ—dge_n where_o the_o pyramid_n call_v by_o the_o 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