hertford-shire_n and_o many_o other_o upland_n counties_n very_o useful_a upon_o flinty_a and_o stoney_n ground_n as_o also_o in_o hard_a gravel_n or_o any_o other_o hard_a ground_n whatsoever_o after_o it_o come_v to_o exceed_v its_o natural_a temper_n it_o be_v usual_o draw_v with_o horse_n or_o ox_n in_o double-geer_n two_o abreast_n and_o so_o indeed_o they_o draw_v the_o strong_a though_o they_o injure_v the_o ground_n the_o more_o by_o tread_v therefore_o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n in_o wet_a season_n they_o may_v be_v put_v to_o draw_v single_a in_o length_n of_o the_o double-wheel_n plough_n this_o double-wheel-plough_n be_v best_a make_v of_o a_o strong_a short_a cleave_a ash_n about_o six_o foot_n in_o length_n the_o beam_n require_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o other_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o it_o the_o crook_n or_o compass_n must_v look_v upward_o and_o the_o land-handles_a be_v to_o be_v place_v at_o the_o great_a or_o nether-end_n of_o the_o beam_n as_o in_o other_o plough_n for_o it_o usual_o be_v make_v with_o one_o handle_n and_o the_o plough-staff_n be_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o furrow-handle_a and_o in_o length_n answerable_a to_o the_o proper_a handle_n which_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o easy_a and_o certain_a hold_v of_o the_o plough_n make_v the_o sheath_n of_o the_o tough_a of_o young_a ash_n well_o season_v set_v with_o a_o very_a good_a mortice_n much_o forward_o let_v the_o joint_n be_v true_a and_o well_o close_v unto_o the_o beam_n drive_v up_o hard_o with_o a_o braget_n behind_o it_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o decline_a so_o that_o in_o the_o strong_a land_n it_o be_v to_o cope_v with_o all_o it_o may_v stand_v well_o to_o its_o work_n let_v the_o head_n be_v pitch_v as_o strong_o as_o may_v be_v to_o the_o nether-end_n of_o the_o stilâ—_n and_o sheath_n be_v to_o be_v well_o pin_v through_o both_o and_o the_o share_n must_v be_v pitch_v upon_o the_o head_n at_o a_o very_a deep_a pitch_n and_o somewhat_o hang_v by_o 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rather_o behind_o it_o the_o wheel_n of_o this_o plough_n that_o proper_o bear_v it_o may_v be_v about_o 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n high_a and_o make_v of_o about_o six_o spoak_n of_o wood_n or_o iron_n well_o fasten_v into_o a_o nath_n or_o short_a hub_n of_o wood_n and_o a_o bark_n hoop_n or_o iron_n bind_v round_o about_o they_o and_o to_o run_v on_o a_o iron_n spindle_n about_o two_o foot_n long_o run_v round_o in_o a_o bolster_n bear_v by_o the_o iron_n spindle_n three_o or_o four_o inch_n thick_a lie_v between_o the_o wheel_n fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o inch_n or_o somewhat_o more_o in_o length_n and_o 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n at_o least_o in_o height_n stand_v up_o to_o bear_v the_o plough-beam_n and_o upon_o that_o bolster_n must_v go_v up_o a_o iron_n pin_n 8_o or_o 9_o inch_n above_o the_o beam_n to_o gage_v it_o as_o to_o iâ—s_n true_a depth_n and_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bolster_n must_v be_v fasten_v a_o iron_n chain_v backward_o with_o a_o strong_a iron_n collar_n much_o in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o round_a ring_n which_o compass_v the_o beam_n be_v movable_a that_o as_o it_o be_v put_v forward_o or_o backward_o the_o plough_n may_v go_v shallow_a or_o deep_o as_o the_o occasion_n require_v and_o may_v be_v hold_v in_o its_o place_n by_o a_o iron_n hammer_n the_o helve_z or_o shaft_n be_v all_o solid_a and_o by_o take_v it_o out_o and_o put_v it_o in_o to_o take_v up_o or_o let_v down_o at_o pleasure_n and_o as_o the_o plough_n at_o the_o land_n end_n turn_v out_o of_o work_n it_o must_v have_v some_o strong_a cord_n or_o whitleather_n to_o come_v up_o from_o the_o bolster_n to_o keep_v the_o beam_n from_o drip_v off_o be_v empty_a this_o wheel-plough_n require_v a_o considerable_a strength_n to_o manage_v it_o well_o because_o of_o the_o considerable_a length_n they_o be_v make_v of_o which_o carry_v in_o work_v a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o earth_n upon_o it_o add_v very_o much_o to_o the_o burden_n of_o it_o which_o in_o some_o degree_n may_v be_v remedy_v by_o contract_v these_o hough_n unto_o a_o short_a or_o narrow_a compass_n and_o take_v off_o as_o much_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o iron_n as_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o work_n will_v bear_v upon_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v of_o the_o turn-wrest-plough_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o double-wheel-plough_n call_v the_o turn-wr_a plough_n most_o common_o call_v the_o kentish-plough_n as_o be_v very_o much_o in_o use_n in_o that_o county_n this_o be_v a_o plough_n who_o beam_n may_v be_v make_v of_o any_o wood_n for_o the_o bigness_n of_o it_o but_o ash_n i_o account_v the_o best_a but_o the_o two_o handle_n may_v be_v make_v of_o one_o fork_a piece_n of_o any_o wood_n and_o the_o beam_n tennant_v into_o the_o stilt_n before_o the_o fork_n run_v down_o into_o the_o plough-head_n and_o as_o for_o the_o sheath_n it_o must_v be_v a_o good_a strong_a piece_n of_o well-seasoned_n ash_n tennant_v into_o the_o beam_n direct_o downright_a yet_o look_v forward_o at_o the_o nether-end_n and_o somewhat_o fix_v into_o the_o head_n as_o other_o plough_n be_v however_o the_o sheath_n downward_o must_v be_v far_o big_a and_o the_o head_n of_o it_o pitch_v at_o a_o very_a great_a depth_n or_o else_o at_o random_n for_o depth_n be_v carry_v with_o two_o wheel_n but_o nothing_o like_o so_o near_o and_o easy_a as_o the_o beforementioned_a two_o wheeled-plough_n for_o breadth_n it_o must_v be_v pitch_v under_o the_o beam_n upon_o a_o straight_a line_n nor_o be_v there_o to_o be_v any_o shield_n or_o breast-board_n on_o either_o side_n the_o plough_n as_o other_o plough_n have_v but_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o wood_n set_v along_o the_o sheath_n forward_o about_o three_o inch_n broad_a close_v upon_o the_o share_n just_a as_o if_o you_o be_v to_o cut_v a_o dye_n in_o the_o midst_n from_o corner_n to_o corner_n and_o place_v the_o flat-side_n to_o the_o sheath_n and_o the_o edge_n forward_o which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o breast-board_n as_o for_o the_o share_n it_o be_v to_o be_v put_v on_o the_o plough-head_n with_o a_o phan_n half_o round_o upward_o and_o flat_a downward_o and_o aught_o to_o be_v rush_v a_o little_a on_o both_o side_n as_o the_o ordinary_a plough_n be_v and_o so_o it_o be_v to_o run_v out_o to_o a_o sharp_a point_n some_o of_o these_o plough_n be_v make_v with_o one_o wrest_v other_o with_o two_o and_o the_o latter_a i_o account_v the_o best_a and_o sure_a and_o these_o wrist_n be_v to_o be_v put_v upon_o pin_n one_o in_o the_o sheath_n stand_v immediate_o under_o the_o breast-board_n and_o the_o other_o unto_o a_o long_a pin_n or_o round_a stâ—ff_n fix_v unto_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o handle_n as_o wide_o as_o the_o furrow_n and_o this_o wrest_v may_v be_v only_o a_o round_a stick_n about_o two_o fâ—ot_n long_o or_o as_o some_o have_v it_o a_o half_a round_o with_o two_o hole_n to_o put_v the_o aforesaid_a pin_n into_o and_o at_o every_o land_n â—nd_n this_o wrest_v must_v be_v turn_v on_o the_o other_o side_n so_o where_o there_o be_v two_o they_o must_v both_o be_v likewise_o alter_v and_o one_o place_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o other_o and_o the_o high_a be_v to_o be_v place_v broad_a by_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a two_o inch_n and_o sometime_o three_o inch_n than_o the_o lowermost_a that_o so_o it_o may_v cleverly_o and_o clean_o cast_v the_o furrow_n over_o as_o for_o the_o coulter_n it_o must_v be_v movable_a in_o the_o coulter-hole_n that_o be_v make_v very_o wide_a at_o every_o land_n end_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n there_o must_v be_v a_o strong_a ground-oak_n plant_v about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a over_o very_o tough_a and_o
top_n of_o equal_a height_n about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o fix_v the_o lower-end_n a_o little_a in_o the_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v stand_v steady_a then_o lay_v on_o their_o top_n square_v board_n two_o inch_n thick_a and_o three_o foot_n square_v every_o way_n strong_a and_o substantial_a well-seasoned_n and_o free_a from_o warp_a then_o take_v strong_a over-lays_a of_o wood_n and_o lay_v they_o from_o one_o board_n to_o another_o foursquare_a and_o on_o these_o place_n other_o small_a pole_n close_o in_o a_o manner_n to_o each_o other_o and_o upon_o this_o frame_n stack_n or_o mow_v your_o corn_n pease_n bean_n etc._n etc._n as_o near_o for_o conveniency_n to_o the_o thrashing-flore_n as_o may_v be_v make_v the_o stack_n neat_o compact_v and_o upright_o which_o experience_n rather_o than_o print_v direction_n must_v instruct_v you_o in_o and_o you_o will_v if_o you_o be_v a_o little_a careful_a in_o it_o save_o much_o corn_n for_o the_o broad_a board_n at_o the_o corner_n will_v send_v off_o the_o mouse_n by_o their_o hang_n so_o much_o over_o the_o stump_n or_o block_n and_o the_o height_n together_o with_o the_o pole_n will_v prevent_v the_o moisture_n from_o injure_v it_o any_o way_n from_o the_o dampness_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o for_o your_o lay_v your_o corn_n into_o stack_n observe_v to_o turn_v the_o eary-part_n of_o the_o sheaf_n inward_a and_o so_o the_o pigeon_n sparrow_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v disappoint_v and_o of_o all_o proportion_n of_o stack_n i_o commend_v the_o round_a for_o the_o best_a and_o when_o it_o be_v make_v after_o some_o day_n settle_v you_o must_v thatch_n it_o well_o to_o keep_v out_o the_o wet_a and_o when_o you_o stock_n your_o wheat_n let_v the_o top_n be_v oat_n or_o other_o coarse_a grain_n and_o so_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o great_a safety_n from_o wet_a the_o top_n be_v ever_o in_o most_o danger_n to_o receive_v damage_n fence_v it_o about_o with_o small_a pole_n that_o cattle_n come_v not_o to_o damage_v it_o and_o if_o your_o stack_n be_v very_o long_o you_o must_v have_v more_o pillar_n to_o support_v it_o as_o six_o or_o eight_o chap._n xxxiv_o to_o know_v wash_v corn_n and_o how_o to_o lay_v up_o and_o keep_v it_o to_o the_o best_a advantage_n all_o useful_a sort_n of_o grain_n in_o granary_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o corn_n though_o it_o may_v be_v good_a enough_o for_o grind_v be_v altogether_o nought_o for_o seed_n and_o throw_v away_o the_o husband-man_n labour_n and_o charge_n in_o sow_v it_o because_o it_o will_v not_o prosper_v if_o at_o all_o it_o sprout_v up_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v a_o caution_n in_o this_o case_n that_o know_v it_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v wash_v corn_n such_o as_o grow_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ear_n when_o the_o rest_n be_v smutty_n and_o be_v thrash_v out_o with_o the_o smuttiness_n about_o it_o be_v blacken_v and_o so_o not_o fit_a for_o the_o market_n till_o it_o be_v wash_v clean_o 1._o to_o know_v this_o from_o other_o corn_n take_v up_o a_o handful_n and_o if_o it_o look_v clear_a bright_a and_o shine_v without_o change_n or_o difference_n of_o one_o entire_a colour_n than_o it_o be_v good_a corn_n and_o not_o wash_v 2._o if_o at_o the_o end_v it_o look_v white_a than_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o whiteness_n be_v a_o darkish_a muddy_a colour_n and_o not_o shine_v there_o be_v a_o changeable_a colour_n in_o it_o than_o it_o be_v wash_v corn_n and_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v sow_o 3._o if_o you_o put_v a_o few_o grain_n of_o it_o in_o your_o mouth_n and_o in_o chew_v the_o taste_n be_v sweet_a and_o pleasant_a also_o mellow_a and_o gentle_a between_o your_o tooth_n in_o the_o chew_v than_o it_o be_v not_o wash_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o it_o have_v a_o bitterish_a or_o flashy_a raw_a taste_n grit_v or_o grind_v hard_o between_o your_o tooth_n with_o a_o roughness_n than_o it_o be_v wash_v corn_n also_o when_o corn_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_a dry_a or_o moist_a those_o be_v sign_n of_o naughtiness_n for_o seed_n though_o not_o so_o bad_a as_o the_o former_a show_v either_o imperfection_n in_o the_o corn_n or_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o it_o for_o good_a corn_n ever_o hold_v a_o indifferent_a temper_n between_o moisture_n and_o dryness_n and_o these_o thing_n ought_v main_o to_o be_v consider_v because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o seed_n but_o the_o expense_n and_o disappointment_n there_o be_v other_o thing_n very_o material_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o first_o the_o well-keeping_a of_o corn_n which_o be_v twofold_a viz._n in_o the_o ear_n and_o out_o of_o the_o ear_n as_o for_o the_o first_o of_o these_o i_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o shock_v dry_n and_o stack_v and_o for_o the_o second_o it_o be_v the_o most_o material_a when_o it_o be_v thrash_v out_o and_o well_o dress_v by_o sever_a it_o from_o the_o chaff_n cockle_n or_o any_o offensive_a seed_n of_o weed_n grow_v up_o among_o it_o and_o in_o this_o case_n your_o granary_n or_o other_o place_n of_o keep_v it_o must_v be_v consider_v to_o be_v make_v sundry_a way_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o rather_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n some_o be_v make_v with_o clay_n some_o tread_v with_o straw_n and_o hair_n the_o former_a chap_a small_a and_o such_o like_a but_o these_o i_o like_v not_o for_o they_o soon_o corrupt_v the_o corn_n for_o notwithstanding_o their_o warmth_n which_o be_v a_o preserver_n they_o however_o produce_v such_o dust_n as_o produce_v mite_n weavel_n and_o other_o vermin_n destroyer_n of_o corn_n so_o that_o they_o make_v it_o easy_o rot_v other_o of_o stone_n and_o lime_n be_v subject_a to_o sweating_n in_o wet_a wether_n and_o by_o the_o moistness_n corrupt_v the_o corn._n some_o again_o be_v make_v of_o lime_n and_o brick_n and_o these_o indeed_o be_v very_o good_a to_o prevent_v the_o come_n or_o breed_n of_o the_o weavel_n and_o other_o small_a vermin_n but_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o lime_n be_v unwholesome_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n the_o best_a then_o that_o i_o can_v advise_v to_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n be_v that_o make_v of_o plaster_n burn_v and_o bring_v into_o a_o mortar_n so_o that_o by_o the_o work_n of_o small_a stone_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o the_o inside_n and_o outside_n may_v be_v smooth_v with_o the_o plaster_n the_o stone_n be_v hide_v at_o least_o two_o finger_n thick_a on_o each_o side_n and_o all_o the_o bottom_n be_v proper_a to_o be_v plaster_v it_o be_v the_o best_a of_o all_o flores_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o corn_n of_o any_o sort_n place_v these_o kind_n of_o grainary_n as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v to_o the_o air_n of_o the_o fire_n as_o may_v be_v convenient_a for_o the_o plaster_n be_v very_o cold_a yet_o it_o be_v ever_o dry_a and_o so_o free_a from_o moisture_n that_o no_o change_n of_o the_o air_n alter_v it_o in_o that_o particular_a but_o it_o always_o keep_v the_o corn_n in_o one_o state_n of_o dryness_n and_o goodness_n and_o the_o warm_a stand_n of_o it_o in_o winter_n be_v such_o a_o comfort_n and_o the_o natural_a coldness_n of_o the_o plaster_n in_o summer_n that_o it_o temporize_v so_o well_o that_o i_o can_v conceive_v nothing_o better_a for_o the_o preserve_n of_o grain_n where_o this_o conveniency_n be_v not_o or_o at_o least_o you_o will_v use_v hutches_n bin_n or_o dry_a fat_n be_v and_o the_o like_a they_o must_v if_o fit_a for_o use_v be_v make_v of_o dry_a or_o well-seasoned_n oak-board_n very_o plain_o smooth_v close_o join_v and_o glue_v together_o with_o led_n and_o cover_v make_v very_o close_o to_o prevent_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v the_o come_v in_o of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o principle_n use_v of_o these_o be_v to_o keep_v malt_n in_o after_o it_o be_v dry_v or_o barley_n to_o be_v ground_n or_o feed_v cattle_n to_o preserve_v wheat_n the_o best_a way_n that_o it_o may_v be_v fâ—ee_a from_o defect_n reap_v it_o in_o seasonable_a wether_n at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n thrash_n winnow_v and_o dress_v it_o as_o clean_o as_o you_o can_v then_o lay_v it_o in_o the_o plaister-lofts_a or_o granary_n describe_v spread_v it_o about_o a_o foot_n thick_a at_o the_o uppermost_a and_o so_o let_v it_o lie_v and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o four_o or_o six_o day_n at_o the_o most_o turn_v it_o well_o with_o a_o large_a wooden_a shovel_n and_o it_o will_v keep_v sweet_a sound_a and_o good-conditioned_n so_o that_o the_o heat_n sweat_n or_o coldness_n can_v offend_v it_o the_o first_o be_v cool_v and_o temper_v by_o the_o open_n and_o the_o second_o dry_v up_o by_o the_o air_n that_o
expedition_n to_o make_v this_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o tough_a willow_n timber_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o spade_n stale_a somewhat_o straight_o only_o at_o the_o nether_a end_n it_o must_v look_v a_o little_a up_o with_o a_o neck_n like_o a_o foot_n to_o run_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o just_a above_o the_o neck_n must_v be_v place_v a_o little_a coulter_n to_o shear_v or_o cut_v the_o ground_n first_o on_o one_o side_n the_o trench_n and_o then_o on_o the_o other_o and_o where_o this_o coulter_n be_v wedge_v in_o the_o stale_a must_v be_v plate_v with_o iron_n to_o hold_v it_o the_o firm_a and_o have_v cast_v your_o trench_n by_o line_n then_o use_v this_o to_o cut_v out_o the_o side_n of_o the_o trench_n which_o it_o will_v do_v almost_o as_o fast_o as_o a_o man_n can_v follow_v it_o cut_v it_o out_o to_o the_o end_n by_o run_v along_o the_o line_n and_o when_o one_o side_n be_v do_v place_v it_o to_o the_o other_o and_o do_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o plain_a trenching-plough_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v this_o do_v with_o more_o exactness_n than_o place_n in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o foot_n a_o little_a brazen_a wheel_n about_o 4_o inch_n high_a that_o the_o foot_n bear_v itself_o light_o on_o the_o wheel_n may_v bear_v itself_o with_o more_o ease_n but_o this_o wheel_n must_v be_v well_o plant_v in_o the_o foot_n upon_o plate_n and_o a_o little_a iron_n axletree_n and_o these_o you_o may_v use_v to_o cut_v turf_n overthwart_o and_o trench_n 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n broad_a or_o such_o a_o proportion_n as_o be_v require_v to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n and_o this_o turf_n and_o earth_n take_v up_o by_o a_o trenching-spade_n will_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o swarth_a bare_a ground_n or_o fill_v up_o low_a place_n the_o turning-spade_n must_v be_v make_v with_o a_o bite_v look_v up_o twice_o so_o much_o as_o be_v requisite_a for_o a_o ordinary_a spade_n with_o a_o fine_a thin_a shoe_v also_o look_v up_o the_o bite_v of_o it_o very_o well_o steel_v and_o more_o broad_a at_o the_o point_n or_o nether-end_n of_o the_o bite_v than_o at_o the_o overend_n by_o half_a a_o inch_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n it_o will_v take_v up_o turf_n all_o of_o one_o thickness_n just_o be_v a_o natural_a height_n as_o a_o man_n stand_v when_o he_o usual_o shovel_n and_o one_o of_o the_o same_o form_n a_o little_a less_o may_v be_v use_v with_o advantage_n in_o cleanse_v the_o bottom_n of_o trench_n and_o be_v very_o useful_a in_o bank_v and_o level_v high_a ant-hill_n the_o trench_a spade_n be_v another_o instrument_n very_o useful_a in_o this_o great_a work_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v between_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n broad_a the_o tree_n must_v be_v make_v more_o of_o compass_n and_o look_v up_o by_o far_o than_o your_o ordinary_a spade_n so_o that_o it_o may_v carry_v a_o trench_n level_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n move_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o arm_n and_o guide_v by_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o belly_n the_o spade_n shoe_n must_v be_v make_v with_o two_o side_n or_o lâ—ngets_v up_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bite_v as_o if_o two_o broad_a knive_n blade_n be_v place_v on_o a_o common_a spade_n to_o look_v uâ—ward_o with_o their_o point_n from_o the_o end_n of_o your_o spade_n bite_v but_o they_o must_v be_v make_v a_o little_o strong_a yet_o not_o above_o 2_o inch_n broad_a at_o the_o very_o bite_v as_o thin_a as_o the_o work_n will_v bear_v and_o narrow_a and_o narrow_a upward_o till_o it_o come_v to_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o 5_o inch_n long_o make_v very_o true_a and_o exact_a sharp_a and_o smooth_a or_o it_o will_v not_o work_v forâ—h_o its_o coâ—r_n and_o furrow_n clear_o and_o easy_o but_o exceed_v the_o strength_n of_o a_o man_n to_o manage_v it_o in_o make_v good_a work_n this_o tool_n cut_v out_o its_o furrow_n and_o coat_n so_o well_o that_o within_o a_o week_n if_o your_o turn_n be_v serve_v you_o may_v lay_v it_o down_o again_o in_o the_o same_o evenness_n and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o way_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o grass_n and_o when_o it_o be_v a_o little_a settle_a it_o will_v become_v of_o its_o former_a evenness_n with_o the_o other_o ground_n the_o paring-spade_n be_v another_o tool_n useful_a in_o this_o work_n the_o bite_v of_o this_o may_v be_v make_v all_o of_o iron_n be_v a_o strong_a iron_n plate_n have_v a_o convenient_a socket_n to_o put_v a_o straight_a helve_z or_o stale_a into_o that_o it_o may_v be_v fasten_v not_o easy_a to_o come_v forth_o again_o but_o when_o you_o please_v the_o bite_v must_v be_v make_v 20_o inch_n long_o the_o nether-end_n and_o two_o side_n well_o steel_v the_o nether-part_n of_o the_o bite_v a_o little_a belly_a or_o square_v and_o the_o side_n a_o little_a compass_v or_o hollow_v and_o the_o side_n and_o end_n as_o sharp_a as_o they_o can_v be_v make_v for_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o it_o be_v now_o and_o then_o to_o cut_v a_o trench_n in_o valley_n and_o low_a place_n where_o the_o trenching-plough_n either_o wheel_v or_o plain_a can_v convenient_o come_v at_o it_o yet_o principal_o to_o pare_v off_o trench_n after_o the_o first_o year_n who_o edge_n will_v grow_v so_o thick_a with_o grass_n that_o the_o water_n as_o to_o its_o currency_n in_o pass_v will_v be_v obstruct_v and_o to_o dig_v it_o will_v break_v the_o trench_n and_o cut_v it_o too_o thick_a but_o with_o this_o as_o with_o a_o cutting-knife_n you_o may_v take_v it_o off_o all_o along_o the_o trench_n line_n the_o trenching-gauge_n be_v another_o instrument_n make_v like_o a_o long_a shovel_n with_o a_o sharp_a shoe_n semicirl_v at_o the_o end_n the_o stale_a a_o little_a bend_n upward_o and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v use_v as_o the_o trenching-spade_n in_o a_o round_o bottom_v trench_n chap._n xxiii_o the_o best_a way_n to_o improve_v drain_v fen-land_n to_o great_a advantage_n etc._n etc._n have_v already_o give_v direction_n for_o draining_n and_o how_o to_o procure_v material_n in_o order_n to_o perfect_v so_o necessary_a a_o work_n it_o will_v be_v proper_a now_o for_o i_o to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o advantage_n accrue_v thereby_o as_o for_o that_o which_o be_v most_o dry_a fen-land_n and_o sometime_o but_o partly_o under_o water_n and_o that_o not_o always_o i_o consider_v it_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n to_o be_v the_o best_a capable_a of_o raise_v present_a profit_n and_o if_o you_o have_v enough_o other_o ground_n for_o graze_v and_o meadow_n you_o may_v plough_v it_o up_o and_o it_o will_v prove_v excellent_a hemp_n and_o oad-land_n produce_v great_a crop_n of_o cole_n and_o rape-seed_n which_o will_v indeed_o grow_v on_o worse_a land_n so_o that_o by_o a_o little_a marling_n liming_n ashing_n and_o dung_v you_o may_v improve_v it_o to_o bear_v excellent_a wheat_n barley_n or_o rye_n order_v it_o as_o have_v be_v direct_v for_o barren-land_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o sort_n of_o grain_n there_o be_v a_o second_o sort_n subject_a only_a to_o be_v drown_v by_o upland_n flood_n and_o great_a rain_n and_o dry_a when_o they_o be_v go_v or_o in_o a_o dry_a season_n this_o i_o count_v worse_o than_o the_o former_a and_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v plough_v up_o raise_v it_o as_o high_a as_o your_o drain_v will_n carry_v off_o the_o water_n in_o the_o land_n 3_o yard_n over_o that_o will_v bear_v two_o cast_v of_o seed_n change_v your_o furrow_n in_o plough_v to_o stir_v up_o the_o mould_n the_o better_a that_o the_o water_n may_v soak_v out_o of_o it_o into_o the_o drain-furrow_n and_o be_v careful_a not_o to_o make_v your_o last_o furrow_n always_o in_o one_o place_n as_o for_o the_o manure_a it_o let_v it_o be_v with_o lime_n chalk_n ash_n hot_a dung_n as_o horse-dung_n cowdung_n or_o the_o like_a so_o in_o the_o usual_a plough_v it_o will_v bear_v excellent_a wheat_n oat_n pease_n and_o hold_v good_a so_o for_o three_o year_n but_o over_o plough_v this_o kind_n of_o land_n take_v the_o heart_n out_o of_o it_o therefore_o i_o conclude_v it_o the_o most_o convenient_a after_o three_o year_n sow_v to_o lay_v it_o down_o for_o meadow_n or_o pasture_n or_o a_o four_o year_n you_o may_v sow_v it_o with_o clover_n though_o it_o will_v bear_v corn_n much_o long_o but_o not_o a_o considerable_a crop_n till_o it_o have_v rest_v two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o recover_v its_o spirit_n and_o when_o you_o lay_v it_o down_o scatter_v it_o light_o over_o with_o good_a hay-seed_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v very_o low_a and_o deep_a and_o have_v be_v long_o under_o water_n before_o recover_v that_o it_o be_v
some_o general_a rule_n first_o then_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o he_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v and_o determine_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o plough-wright's_a and_o smith_n workmanship_n and_o in_o case_n he_o find_v therein_o a_o error_n at_o first_o to_o mend_v it_o which_o be_v then_o easy_o do_v than_o when_o the_o plough_n and_o iron_n be_v wrought_v into_o it_o or_o a_o great_a error_n second_o when_o he_o have_v his_o plough_n and_o all_o other_o accoutrement_n complete_a let_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o make_v his_o first_o trial_n upon_o workable_a and_o regular_a land_n and_o not_o upon_o hard_a rooty_n or_o twitchy_a ground_n because_o upon_o such_o a_o rule_n can_v be_v observe_v nor_o a_o true_a demonstration_n have_v of_o the_o goodness_n and_o truth_n of_o the_o plough_n because_o such_o land_n will_v more_o easy_o writhe_v and_o sudden_o wrench_v a_o new_a plough_n out_o of_o his_o work_n before_o it_o be_v wrought_v into_o it_o but_o when_o he_o have_v try_v and_o well_o scower_v it_o in_o moderate_a land_n he_o must_v bring_v it_o by_o degree_n to_o other_o three_o have_v get_v a_o perfect_a furrow_n his_o plough_n avoid_v all_o earth_n as_o it_o take_v it_o on_o a_o breadth_n carry_v a_o fair_a clean_a furrow_n along_o with_o it_o turn_v it_o cleverly_o from_o it_o let_v he_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o choice_a plough_n and_o clout_n it_o with_o clout_n or_o slip_n in_o all_o the_o wear_a place_n smooth_a and_o even_a strengthen_v it_o with_o a_o iron_n bolt_n at_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o head_n through_o the_o beam_n and_o there_o strong_o draw_v and_o clotter_v fast_o if_o he_o have_v none_o before_o that_o the_o head_n may_v not_o draw_v the_o least_o for_o a_o plough_n have_v be_v draw_v in_o the_o breast_n or_o neck_n it_o probable_o may_v be_v whole_o spoil_v the_o next_o care_n must_v be_v to_o keep_v the_o iron_n sharp_a clean_o wrought_v your_o coulter_n edge_n thiâ—_n ground_n the_o phin_n sharp_a with_o a_o very_a small_a point_n upon_o the_o share_n well_o steel_v and_o temper_v and_o than_o if_o your_o cattle_n be_v well_o match_v or_o size_v it_o will_v go_v with_o abundance_n of_o ease_n and_o celerety_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o plough_v to_o the_o plough-man_n credit_n and_o the_o master_n profit_n last_o he_o must_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o the_o land_n and_o season_n of_o plough_v and_o to_o sort_v his_o several_a plough_n to_o each_o alteration_n or_o at_o some_o season_n he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o plough_n especial_o all_o his_o land_n therefore_o this_o business_n proper_o time_v be_v a_o great_a advantage_n and_o much_o facilitate_v the_o labour_n chap._n xxv_o a_o description_n of_o the_o most_o necessary_a sort_n of_o plough_n use_v for_o tillage_n in_o england_n as_o for_o plough_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n use_v in_o england_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n or_o the_o like_n of_o the_o people_n and_o particular_o four_o sort_n be_v much_o affect_v 1._o the_o single-wheel-plough_n and_o foot-plough_n 2._o the_o wheel-plough_n call_v the_o double-wheel-plough_n 3._o the_o simple-plain-plough_n without_o wheel_n or_o foot_n 4._o the_o dutch-bastard_n or_o plain_a dutch-plough_n many_o other_o sort_n there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o alter_v in_o their_o head_n other_o in_o their_o beam_n some_o again_o in_o their_o stale_n and_o most_o in_o their_o share_n of_o all_o which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o discourse_v wherefore_o i_o shall_v proper_o handle_v the_o four_o premise_v in_o this_o chapter_n because_o i_o conceive_v they_o all_o very_a useful_a in_o some_o sort_n of_o land_n or_o other_o but_o to_o my_o purpose_n of_o the_o single-wheel-plough_n the_o single-wheeled-plough_n may_v be_v use_v on_o almost_o all_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o be_v of_o much_o lightness_n and_o nimbleness_n in_o work_v the_o main_a plough-beam_n that_o this_o sort_n of_o blow_n require_v be_v very_o short_a viz._n about_o five_o foot_n and_o must_v be_v make_v of_o strong_a and_o last_a wood_n as_o small_a and_o light_a as_o may_v be_v to_o which_o iâ—_n another_o false_a beam_n ad_v below_o the_o coulter-hole_n under_o the_o other_o and_o fix_v to_o it_o by_o a_o staple_n drive_v up_o into_o the_o true_a beam_n with_o a_o cape_n upon_o the_o false_a beam-end_n and_o some_o other_o way_n which_o false_a beam_n be_v that_o by_o which_o the_o blow_n be_v draw_v give_v a_o opportunity_n by_o a_o standard_n put_v into_o the_o end_n of_o it_o bore_v full_a of_o hole_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o master-beam_n to_o let_v the_o plough_n up_o and_o down_o to_o any_o gage_n of_o depth_n or_o shallowness_n as_o shall_v be_v require_v and_o the_o beam_n be_v proper_a to_o guide_v it_o the_o sheath_n be_v pitch_v very_o forward_o from_o the_o beam_n into_o the_o mould_n of_o the_o share_n who_o share_n as_o i_o may_v term_v it_o be_v make_v as_o long_o as_o the_o head_n shall_v have_v be_v and_o of_o the_o same_o use_n of_o the_o plough-head_n make_v of_o two_o small_a slip_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o the_o head_n be_v and_o there_o be_v no_o head_n at_o all_o the_o land-handle_a be_v put_v into_o the_o share-mould_n with_o a_o iron_n pin_n as_o also_o be_v the_o plough-sheath_n and_o fix_v there_o fast_o with_o a_o iron_n pin_n and_o the_o share_v forward_o make_v like_o another_o share_n and_o before_o the_o breastplate_n be_v a_o hole_n make_v through_o the_o share_n and_o there_o it_o be_v rivet_v or_o else_o with_o a_o iron_n hook_v put_v into_o a_o long_a iron_n slip_v which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o inch_n or_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a come_v up_o to_o the_o beam_n before_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o shield-board_n run_v through_o it_o and_o be_v clâ—ttered_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o beam_n lie_v on_o the_o shield-board_n and_o the_o shield-board_n be_v compass_v a_o little_a below_o in_o the_o breast_n and_o so_o before_o the_o middle_n begin_v to_o wind_n and_o whelm_v towards_o the_o furrow_n and_o so_o more_o and_o more_o wind_n to_o the_o very_a end_n and_o this_o breast-board_n be_v place_v close_o on_o the_o share_n make_v with_o a_o long_a point_n and_o narrow_a or_o broad_a phin_n as_o the_o land_n require_v and_o sometime_o any_o ordinary_a plain_a share_n may_v be_v use_v and_o place_v on_o the_o head_n as_o other_o plough_n be_v either_o with_o a_o narrow_a point_n for_o stonyness_n or_o gravel_n or_o with_o a_o broad_a plain_a and_o long-sharp_a point_n for_o mix_v sandy_a earth_n the_o pitch_n of_o these_o plough_n be_v about_o two_o foot_n in_o depth_n and_o 8_o or_o 9_o inch_n in_o wideness_n and_o always_o be_v careful_a to_o observe_v that_o the_o upright_a you_o pitch_v your_o plough_n it_o go_v the_o narrow_a and_o the_o more_o hang_v it_o be_v the_o broad_a it_o go_v as_o for_o the_o depth_n i_o can_v conceive_v it_o be_v much_o material_a because_o it_o be_v bear_v up_o from_o the_o false_a beam_n till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o true_a work_a pitch_n and_o a_o iron_n axletree_n be_v plant_v in_o that_o false_a beam_n a_o inch_n or_o a_o little_a more_o in_o circumference_n and_o about_o a_o foot_n long_o 9_o or_o 10_o inch_n before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o false_a beam_n and_o put_v in_o square_a unto_o the_o beam_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v very_o fast_o and_o at_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o axletree_n run_v a_o wheel_n upon_o it_o about_o 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n and_o sometime_o a_o little_a high_o or_o low_o as_o suit_n best_a the_o dryness_n or_o wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o guide_v the_o plough_n from_o the_o false_a beam_n that_o it_o can_v sting_v or_o draw_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o either_o with_o horse_n or_o ox_n be_v draw_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o false_a beam_n with_o a_o cock_n or_o clavy_n as_o occasion_n require_v it_o that_o which_o be_v the_o standard_n fasten_v to_o the_o low_a beam_n and_o run_v through_o to_o overgage_n the_o plough_n aught_o to_o be_v near_o two_o foot_n high_a and_o in_o the_o overend_n two_o hole_n be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o put_v the_o horse-rein_n through_o to_o come_v fâ—om_o the_o horsehead_n to_o the_o plough-handle_a so_o that_o he_o who_o hold_v the_o plough_n may_v guide_v he_o and_o under_o those_o divers_a remove_v hole_n and_o in_o the_o beam_n one_o or_o two_o equal_a to_o those_o in_o the_o standard_n and_o a_o iron_n pin_n put_v through_o they_o both_o these_o plough_n be_v very_o expeditious_a in_o a_o light_a ground_n manage_v by_o one_o man_n and_o may_v be_v draw_v with_o one_o horse_n to_o plough_v in_o seed-season_n a_o acre_n a_o day_n the_o double-wheel-plough_n be_v extraordinary_a in_o use_n in_o
with_o that_o you_o may_v have_v two_o pin_n place_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o beam_n at_o a_o equal_a distance_n one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o both_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o coulter_n wrest_v it_o or_o wrest_v it_o from_o one_o side_n to_o another_o and_o there_o hold_v it_o till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o land_n end_n and_o there_o turn_v both_o wrest_v and_o coulter_n this_o be_v a_o very_a good_a sort_n of_o plough_n for_o plough_v land_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o can_v well_o be_v plough_v either_o upward_o or_o downward_o or_o if_o you_o have_v any_o flat_a level_a piece_n where_o you_o will_v not_o have_v one_o furrow_n discover_v this_o will_v perform_v it_o very_o well_o the_o foremost_a horse_n or_o ox_n go_v in_o the_o furrow_n and_o the_o near_a upon_o the_o land_n and_o ever_o double_a and_o for_o those_o sort_n of_o ground_n it_o be_v extraordinary_a useful_a to_o cast_v the_o furrow_n of_o the_o double-plough_n plough_v two_o furrow_n at_o once_o the_o double-plough_n be_v in_o many_o place_n advantageous_a take_v two_o furrow_n at_o once_o though_o a_o very_a plain_a plough_n it_o be_v make_v with_o one_o long_a beam_n and_o another_o short_a one_o not_o much_o more_o than_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o other_o the_o first_o must_v be_v make_v a_o complete_a plain_a plough_n except_o the_o handle_n which_o may_v be_v very_o short_a only_o so_o long_o as_o to_o receive_v the_o beam_n with_o the_o land-handle_a and_o place_v the_o shield-board_n on_o the_o furrow-side_n which_o may_v be_v do_v with_o a_o round_a staff_n from_o the_o beam_n to_o the_o shield-board_n which_o handle_v except_v it_o be_v one_o complete_a plough_n in_o all_o particular_n the_o hinder_a end_n of_o the_o beam_n must_v be_v leave_v a_o little_o strong_a because_o of_o the_o fasten_v the_o other_o beam_n firm_o to_o it_o as_o for_o the_o hindermost_a plough_n it_o must_v be_v make_v in_o all_o the_o member_n and_o branch_n like_o the_o other_o except_o the_o beam_n cut_v off_o about_o three_o inch_n before_o the_o coulter-hole_n and_o the_o handle_v at_o length_n and_o strength_n like_o a_o ordinary_a strong_a plain_a plough_n which_o be_v do_v as_o the_o handle_v upon_o the_o last_o plough_n you_o must_v set_v to_o the_o place_n of_o it_o in_o its_o place_n as_o first_o the_o plough_n stand_v in_o its_o work_a posture_n the_o handle_v plough_n be_v to_o be_v affix_v to_o the_o near_a side_n or_o the_o left-hand_a one_o furrow_n breadth_n under_o the_o other_o and_o just_a in_o the_o very_a same_o posture_n both_o for_o breadth_n and_o depth_n as_o the_o other_o and_o so_o hold_v off_o from_o the_o first_o plough-beam_n by_o a_o line_n or_o fill_v of_o wood_n just_o the_o substance_n as_o may_v continue_v it_o fast_o and_o firm_a to_o a_o just_a furrow_n and_o there_o draw_v close_o and_o firm_a to_o the_o master-beam_n with_o two_o small_a band_n of_o iron_n and_o a_o broad_a stout_a or_o two_o of_o wood_n all_o which_o may_v be_v so_o key_v and_o cramp_v up_o that_o it_o may_v be_v in_o one_o solid_a beam_n and_o consequent_o move_v as_o the_o first_o move_v either_o for_o depth_n or_o height_n and_o this_o i_o hold_v may_v be_v the_o best_a use_v with_o the_o plough-foot_n to_o guide_v the_o depth_n of_o it_o except_o you_o place_v a_o wheel_n to_o the_o foremost_a beam_n but_o do_v it_o not_o in_o the_o false_a beam_n because_o experience_n teach_v it_o be_v best_o in_o the_o end_n of_o that_o beam_n to_o have_v as_o good_a a_o mortis_fw-la as_o the_o beam_n will_v bear_v which_o be_v a_o mortis_fw-la for_o the_o foot_n and_o in_o it_o place_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o good_a tough_a ash_n or_o if_o you_o can_v convenient_o compass_v it_o iron_n into_o which_o you_o may_v put_v your_o iron_n axletree_n with_o its_o square_n and_o so_o fit_v into_o three_o or_o four_o several_a hole_n of_o it_o by_o the_o mean_n direct_v the_o plough_n may_v be_v set_v at_o a_o working-gage_n and_o continue_v or_o alter_v it_o as_o it_o best_o suit_v your_o business_n and_o the_o plough_n thus_o accoutre_v you_o may_v very_o well_o pass_v it_o on_o ordinary_a arable-land_n a_o double_a proportion_n also_o upon_o lay-turf_n that_o be_v clean_o and_o this_o may_v well_o be_v manage_v by_o two_o man_n and_o four_o horse_n that_o have_v be_v a_o little_a use_v to_o the_o work_n but_o upon_o rough_a or_o stony_a land_n it_o will_v not_o do_v so_o well_o of_o the_o plough_n carry_v a_o harrow_n after_o it_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o kind_n of_o plough_n that_o will_v carry_v a_o harrow_n after_o it_o and_o do_v both_o work_n at_o once_o and_o this_o be_v of_o good_a esteem_n in_o norfolk_n this_o must_v be_v a_o common_a light_a plough_n and_o a_o light_n harrow_n which_o must_v contain_v three_o little_a light_n â—ulls_v and_o about_o five_o tine_n in_o a_o bull_n and_o they_o must_v also_o be_v make_v light_n and_o fix_v to_o the_o plough_n at_o one_o end_n of_o the_o beam_n that_o on_o the_o turn_n of_o the_o plough_n this_o may_v turn_v with_o it_o and_o as_o the_o plough_n turn_v one_o furrow_n the_o harrow_n harrow_n it_o overreach_v two_o more_o furrow_n and_o so_o by_o the_o overreach_v it_o strike_v two_o or_o three_o time_n in_o one_o place_n which_o may_v well_o cover_v the_o corn_n but_o then_o here_o some_o will_v object_v it_o must_v needs_o take_v up_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o time_n for_o a_o seedsman_n to_o sow_v as_o the_o plough_n work_v when_o but_o one_o acre_n can_v be_v well_o plough_v this_o way_n in_o a_o day_n and_o he_o can_v sow_v ten_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v a_o riddle_n place_v on_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o plough_n to_o scatter_v the_o corn_n proportionable_o as_o the_o harrow_n follow_v to_o cover_v it_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o plough_n jolt_a or_o force_v the_o seed_n out_o by_o such_o degree_n as_o it_o proportion_v to_o be_v scatter_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n and_o by_o these_o mean_v much_o labour_n and_o time_n be_v spare_v the_o business_n be_v do_v at_o once_o that_o require_v three_o time_n but_o this_o can_v in_o word_n be_v so_o well_o describe_v as_o by_o see_v and_o practise_v of_o the_o dutch_a plough_n the_o dutch_a plough_n be_v proper_a for_o fen_n and_o marish-land_n where_o stone_n root_n or_o hard_a place_n come_v not_o to_o hinder_v it_o and_o the_o chief_a advantage_n it_o have_v be_v ease_n and_o expedition_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o breadth_n and_o sharpness_n of_o the_o share_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a sharp_a in_o the_o point_n and_o as_o thin_a in_o the_o phin_n as_o a_o knife_n cast_v up_o a_o great_a broad_a furrow_n very_o clean_o with_o much_o possible_a ease_n as_o for_o the_o coulter_n it_o be_v especial_o applicab_n e_fw-la to_o the_o aforesaid_a land_n but_o may_v be_v use_v upon_o any_o fair_a pure_a lay_n turf_n if_o it_o be_v old_a pasture_n as_o for_o the_o bastard_n dutch_a plough_n it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o the_o various_a sort_n of_o land_n but_o the_o iron_n must_v be_v prepare_v very_o sharp_a as_o the_o former_a make_v of_o the_o best_a steel_n to_o the_o point_n and_o edge_n of_o the_o share_n and_o coulter_n carry_v a_o true_a proportion_n but_o these_o last_o nor_o be_v much_o use_v in_o england_n the_o particular_a description_n of_o their_o make_n will_v not_o much_o avail_n ouâ—_n english_a plough-wrights_a nor_o indeed_o the_o ploughman_n who_o have_v sufficient_a experience_n of_o our_o own_o substantial_a plough_n thus_o have_v i_o be_v pretty_a large_a upon_o this_o main_a instrument_n of_o husbandry_n that_o nothing_o necessary_a in_o this_o work_n may_v be_v omit_v that_o can_v reasonable_o conduce_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o industruous_a husbandman_n and_o indeed_o on_o his_o care_n next_o to_o the_o divine_a providence_n the_o supply_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v for_o if_o the_o plough_n desi_v and_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o manure_v for_o increase_v to_o produce_v its_o fruitfulness_n neither_o gold_n nor_o silver_n can_v encounter_v with_o pale_a famine_n which_o must_v needs_o encroach_v upon_o we_o bread_n be_v proper_o call_v the_o staff_n of_o man_n life_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxvi_o a_o computation_n of_o work_n to_o be_v do_v by_o one_o man_n in_o one_o day_n in_o the_o sundry_a occupation_n relate_v to_o husbandry_n have_v proceed_v thus_o far_o for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o particular_n i_o come_v now_o to_o say_v something_o in_o general_n about_o husbandry_n brief_o touch_v several_a thing_n worthy_a of_o remark_n and_o these_o i_o must_v chief_o attribute_v to_o a_o country_n where_o it_o be_v tolerable_a without_o any_o extraordinary_a difficulty_n aâ—_n
it_o will_v be_v fine_a and_o very_o long_o and_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o once_o in_o twenty_o or_o more_o year_n dress_n will_v continue_v it_o for_o good_a meadow_n or_o pasture_n if_o in_o dry_a season_n you_o have_v water_n to_o relieve_v it_o which_o may_v be_v gather_v by_o bring_v spring_n or_o the_o violent_a fall_n of_o rain_n into_o a_o ditch_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o it_o or_o by_o any_o other_o conveniency_n according_a to_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o ground_n on_o the_o ascend_a part_n to_o overflow_v it_o so_o long_o that_o it_o soak_v deep_a than_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n to_o continue_v moisture_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o it_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o best_a season_n in_o general_n for_o water_v meadow_n be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n to_o the_o end_n of_o april_n and_o the_o muddy_a or_o more_o trouble_v the_o water_n be_v the_o better_a for_o than_o it_o bring_v a_o soil_n upon_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o after_o hasty_a shower_n and_o great_a flux_n of_o rain_n and_o you_o may_v make_v a_o conveniency_n if_o you_o have_v many_o field_n lie_v together_o especial_o in_o a_o descent_n to_o pen_v up_o the_o water_n in_o one_o till_o very_o well_o soak_v and_o then_o by_o a_o sluice_n or_o break_v down_o of_o a_o dam_n let_v it_o into_o the_o next_o and_o so_o by_o a_o small_a addition_n of_o water_n transmit_v it_o to_o many_o this_o may_v be_v do_v likewise_o after_o mow_v in_o drowthy_a wether_n or_o if_o you_o graze_v the_o land_n it_o may_v be_v do_v at_o any_o convenient_a time_n chap._n xviii_o several_a useful_a engine_n describe_v for_o the_o water_v of_o meadow_n pasture_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v great_a advantage_n to_o be_v find_v in_o water_v of_o land_n on_o several_a occasion_n as_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o or_o the_o climate_n they_o lie_v in_o require_v but_o then_o there_o be_v some_o difficulty_n in_o do_v it_o where_o the_o conveniency_n of_o river_n and_o land-flood_n be_v want_v and_o without_o the_o help_n of_o engine_n many_o time_n exceed_v toil_n and_o labour_n be_v require_v which_o induce_v i_o to_o describe_v some_o of_o the_o most_o material_a and_o first_o the_o persian_a wheel_n so_o name_v from_o its_o use_n and_o the_o great_a advantage_n it_o bring_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o persia_n on_o this_o occasion_n this_o wheel_n be_v make_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o undershot_n mill_n viz._n with_o a_o double_a ring_n into_o which_o two_o pin_n pass_v and_o on_o they_o the_o float_v be_v fasten_v which_o float_v be_v to_o be_v hollow_a and_o the_o half_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o wheel_n hold_v the_o water_n raken_v in_o at_o the_o open_a place_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n of_o the_o float_v and_o as_o the_o wheel_n turn_v so_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v by_o degree_n and_o tend_v towards_o the_o part_n of_o the_o float_v that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o wheel_n and_o as_o it_o surmount_v the_o receiver_n the_o water_n empty_v into_o it_o one_o float_v succeed_v the_o other_o so_o that_o at_o one_o turn_v round_o of_o the_o wheel_n 30_o gallon_n of_o water_n may_v be_v deliver_v this_o wheel_n ought_v to_o be_v about_o 15_o foot_n diameter_n and_o the_o float_v at_o 18_o inch_n distance_n and_o so_o it_o will_v deliver_v the_o water_n at_o about_o 10_o 11_o or_o 12_o foot_n above_o the_o stream_n it_o take_v it_o from_o and_o may_v be_v carry_v four_o time_n round_o in_o a_o minute_n so_o that_o in_o one_o hour_n it_o will_v distribute_v about_o 120_o hogshead_n of_o water_n with_o 12_o or_o 18_o inch_n pen_v or_o stop_v but_o a_o ordinary_a current_n of_o water_n will_v very_o well_o water_n about_o 30_o or_o 40_o acre_n of_o land_n according_a as_o it_o may_v lie_v dispose_v to_o receive_v as_o to_o level_n or_o descent_n when_o you_o do_v this_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o your_o land_n if_o it_o be_v a_o cold_a clay_n too_o much_o water_n injure_v it_o if_o light_n warm_a or_o sandy_a than_o a_o little_a water_n great_o refresh_v it_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o motion_n well_o set_v a_o go_n be_v constant_a and_o will_v last_v some_o year_n with_o little_a charge_n of_o repair_v and_o the_o slow_a it_o move_v the_o better_a it_o deliver_v the_o water_n and_o a_o small_a stream_n will_v carry_v it_o it_o may_v also_o be_v use_v in_o draining_n of_o land_n if_o a_o current_n can_v be_v make_v to_o carry_v the_o wheel_n about_o and_o as_o the_o land_n lie_v high_a or_o low_o so_o lesser_a or_o great_a wheel_n may_v be_v use_v and_o they_o will_v exceed_o superabound_v the_o charge_n and_o trouble_v by_o make_v of_o grass_n grow_v in_o great_a plenty_n where_o otherwise_o little_a or_o none_o will_v appear_v and_o by_o trough_n or_o trench_n the_o water_n may_v be_v carry_v from_o one_o ground_n to_o another_o a_o very_a great_a distance_n if_o not_o hinder_v by_o steep_a ascent_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o a_o engine_n use_v which_o be_v call_v a_o wind_n engine_n and_o may_v be_v use_v on_o still_a water_n where_o there_o be_v no_o current_n to_o carry_v the_o wheel_n about_o or_o a_o dam_n can_v be_v convenient_o make_v to_o force_v it_o and_o this_o serve_v indifferent_o for_o water_v or_o draw_v several_n have_v be_v the_o invention_n of_o ingenious_a man_n to_o accomplish_v this_o some_o have_v design_v it_o by_o horizontal_n windmill_n and_o by_o a_o wheel_n with_o scoop_n or_o bucket_n fix_v to_o chain_n also_o by_o a_o wheel_n carry_v up_o the_o water_n in_o bucket_n fix_v thereto_o and_o by_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n cast_v it_o a_o great_a way_n forcible_o from_o it_o but_o that_o i_o most_o approve_v on_o as_o the_o best_a and_o least_o chargeable_a be_v the_o vertical_a sail_n like_o the_o ordinary_a windmill_n only_o they_o be_v not_o so_o long_o though_o more_o in_o number_n place_v in_o a_o axis_n of_o a_o length_n proportionable_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o vein_n the_o one_o end_n rest_v on_o the_o movable_a hollow_a piece_n of_o timber_n that_o be_v to_o move_v round_o over_o the_o pump_n as_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o turn_v the_o reins_o the_o other_o rest_v on_o a_o semicircle_n in_o which_o there_o be_v several_a notch_n and_o stay_v that_o it_o may_v be_v place_v as_o you_o please_v so_o let_v the_o wind_n stand_v any_o way_n yet_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o semicircle_n you_o may_v have_v it_o at_o one_o end_n of_o the_o vein_n or_o the_o other_o and_o let_v the_o pump_n on_o which_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o axis_n rest_v be_v place_v over_o the_o place_n you_o be_v to_o draw_v your_o water_n out_o of_o at_o the_o nose_n or_o mouth_n at_o such_o a_o height_n as_o be_v convenient_a to_o convey_v it_o into_o a_o trough_n and_o this_o pump_n may_v be_v make_v of_o a_o diameter_n according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o windmill_n and_o observe_v so_o to_o order_v the_o bucket_n that_o it_o may_v always_o dip_v into_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n which_o prevent_v much_o injury_n and_o trouble_v to_o the_o work_n this_o pump_n may_v be_v round_o or_o square_a according_a to_o the_o smallness_n or_o largeness_n of_o it_o let_v the_o handle_n of_o the_o pump_n extend_v in_o length_n to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o windmill_n which_o must_v to_o receive_v and_o move_v the_o same_o be_v make_v crooked_a like_o the_o axis_n of_o a_o cutler_n grindingstone_n or_o dutch_a spinning-wheel_n turn_v with_o the_o foot_n or_o the_o end_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o windmill_n may_v rest_v upon_o a_o cylinder_n or_o box_n make_v movable_a on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pump_n with_o the_o crooked_a neck_n or_o end_n within_o the_o cylinder_n so_o that_o when_o it_o be_v turn_v any_o way_n the_o end_n of_o the_o axis_n be_v perpendicular_a over_o the_o pump_n and_o moreover_o you_o must_v take_v care_n that_o the_o handle_n or_o rod_n of_o your_o bucket_n may_v turn_v swivel-wise_a to_o answer_v the_o shift_n of_o the_o wind_n as_o the_o sail_n be_v change_v and_o these_o kind_n of_o mill_n be_v of_o excellent_a use_n and_o to_o be_v make_v or_o manure_v at_o a_o small_a rate_n and_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v repair_v when_o out_o of_o order_n or_o take_v to_o piece_n and_o remove_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o carrying_z off_z abundance_n of_o water_n if_o keep_v in_o continual_a motion_n which_o a_o scanty_a wind_n will_v do_v chap._n xix_o further_a rule_n and_o direction_n for_o water_v meadow_n and_o pasture_n for_o the_o improve_n and_o fertilize_n of_o it_o have_v speak_v of_o convey_v water_n to_o the_o ground_n i_o now_o come_v to_o direct_v how_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v
to_o pasture_n meadow_n or_o arable_a ground_n for_o of_o this_o land_n a_o vast_a deal_n in_o the_o kingdom_n lie_v waste_v and_o turn_v to_o no_o advantage_n unless_o to_o a_o very_a few_o and_o that_o inconsiderable_a but_o to_o do_v this_o it_o be_v not_o only_o take_v away_o the_o water_n from_o the_o surface_n or_o over_o part_n of_o the_o turf_n or_o swarth_a for_o than_o may_v all_o quagmire_n and_o bog_n be_v easy_o recover_v nor_o be_v it_o take_v off_o the_o downfall_n as_o the_o fen-man_n call_v they_o for_o than_o that_o may_v be_v easy_o do_v and_o yet_o no_o perfect_a draining_n for_o continuance_n no_o nor_o the_o land-falls_a land-flood_n nor_o great_a water_n from_o off_o the_o ground_n nor_o do_v all_o these_o in_o a_o way_n or_o usual_a customary_a manner_n that_o may_v deserve_v the_o right_n and_o proper_a name_n of_o effectual_a draining_n you_o must_v then_o to_o do_v it_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cause_n if_o you_o will_v perform_v the_o cure_n and_o take_v away_o that_o which_o be_v the_o source_n and_o feed_v the_o fen_n or_o moor_n make_v it_o barren_a and_o useless_a by_o corrupt_a and_o unwholesome_a water_n and_o when_o that_o be_v do_v it_o may_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v a_o perfect_a draining_n and_o not_o before_o yet_o the_o other_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discommend_v nor_o discourage_v where_o they_o be_v already_o do_v or_o may_v be_v make_v hereafter_o but_o the_o perfection_n be_v in_o reduce_v it_o to_o soundness_n or_o perfectness_n of_o mould_n that_o the_o wet_a may_v not_o follow_v the_o plough_n or_o it_o only_o bear_v course_n grass_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v overflow_v in_o the_o winter_n but_o this_o be_v well_o do_v whether_o the_o earth_n be_v sand_n day_n gravel_n or_o mix_v earth_n when_o it_o return_v to_o a_o perfect_a swarth_a pure_a turf_n produce_v the_o small_a thistle_n crowflower_n clover_n and_o honeysuckle_n then_o be_v the_o quintessence_n of_o the_o earth_n proper_o prepare_v and_o in_o feed_v and_o corn_v they_o will_v natural_o return_v to_o be_v the_o rich_a of_o all_o your_o land_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o already_o bring_v to_o this_o perfection_n lie_v near_o river_n and_o under_o the_o level_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o most_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o holland_n have_v be_v improve_v this_o way_n to_o a_o considerable_a enrich_n of_o those_o people_n by_o fat_a pasture_n and_o good_a arable_a land_n but_o wave_v some_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v to_o no_o purpose_n by_o such_o as_o be_v not_o desirous_a such_o public_a work_n shall_v go_v forward_o because_o perhaps_o they_o have_v a_o cow_n a_o horse_n or_o a_o few_o sheep_n to_o feed_v as_o commoner_n which_o can_v graze_v sufficient_o about_o the_o edge_n of_o these_o overflow_v land_n i_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o point_n and_o give_v a_o essay_n of_o this_o matter_n which_o well_o put_v in_o practice_n may_v turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n consider_v then_o that_o the_o great_a the_o overflow_a be_v the_o heavy_a it_o lie_v on_o the_o land_n and_o for_o the_o pass_v off_o these_o the_o water-cuts_a and_o work_n must_v be_v proportionable_a and_o the_o labourer_n in_o it_o the_o more_o for_o this_o work_n must_v be_v do_v speedy_o a_o little_a neglect_n set_v it_o frequent_o a_o great_a way_n backward_o if_o the_o work_n be_v considerable_a and_o therefore_o go_v about_o this_o necessary_a improvement_n raise_v such_o bank_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o fen_n as_o may_v keep_v out_o the_o land-flood_n come_v from_o high_a ground_n and_o ditch_n to_o carry_v they_o away_o on_o the_o outside_n into_o some_o adjacent_a river_n or_o watercourse_n that_o carry_v they_o to_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o convenient_a river_n by_o which_o mean_v you_o may_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o proper_a water_n in_o the_o fen_n then_o consider_v how_o to_o draw_v your_o middle_a trench_n which_o be_v the_o main_a to_o the_o best_a advantage_n that_o the_o water_n may_v pass_v from_o other_o into_o it_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o all_o its_o particular_n as_o to_o its_o ascend_a and_o descend_v its_o level_n and_o hollow_n so_o that_o have_v true_o cast_v every_o thing_n well_o in_o your_o mind_n drain_v the_o water_n off_o by_o trench_n or_o engine_n that_o will_v cast_v it_o a_o pretty_a way_n in_o great_a abundance_n from_o the_o low_a part_n that_o lie_v beneath_o the_o level_n also_o by_o the_o help_n of_o man_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v have_v with_o scoup_n and_o bucket_n when_o a_o dryness_n appear_v on_o the_o surface_n and_o it_o be_v visible_a yet_o there_o be_v some_o spring_n search_v for_o they_o and_o when_o you_o have_v find_v they_o do_v in_o all_o respect_v as_o by_o the_o boggy_a ground_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n and_o as_o for_o the_o small_a hollow_n if_o they_o dry_v not_o it_o matter_n not_o great_o if_o they_o have_v no_o spring_n in_o they_o to_o cause_v a_o overflow_a in_o winter_n for_o they_o will_v serve_v to_o water_n and_o bath_n your_o cattle_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n or_o produce_v a_o numerous_a fry_n of_o fish_n for_o store_v other_o pond_n as_o likewise_o keep_v game_n there_o to_o your_o advantage_n by_o allure_a the_o wild-duck_n goose_n and_o other_o waterfowl_n of_o which_o considerable_a advantage_n may_v be_v make_v but_o be_v very_o careful_a after_o this_o that_o your_o outward_a bank_n break_v not_o to_o let_v in_o the_o land-flood_n from_o the_o hill_n or_o high_a ground_n if_o the_o trench_n be_v necessary_o to_o be_v many_o endanger_v your_o cattle_n fall_v into_o they_o you_o may_v fill_v the_o small_a that_o come_v from_o the_o spring_n to_o the_o great_a with_o pebble_n and_o flint_n about_o two_o foot_n lay_v they_o as_o light_v as_o you_o can_v and_o over_o they_o flag_n rush_n and_o turf_n and_o upon_o they_o earth_n to_o the_o level_n and_o the_o water_n will_v find_v a_o passage_n among_o the_o stone_n as_o in_o a_o vault_n chap._n xxii_o tool_n and_o instrument_n proper_a and_o useful_a in_o the_o work_a part_n and_o order_n of_o draining_n land_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o thing_n necessary_a be_v a_o good_a line_n about_o 32_o yard_n in_o length_n make_v of_o the_o best_a water-wrought_a hemp_n about_o double_a the_o thickness_n of_o whipcord_n and_o a_o hand-reel_a to_o wind_v it_o on_o that_o you_o may_v draw_v your_o work_n by_o it_o as_o near_o unto_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o line_n as_o possible_a and_o by_o the_o length_n you_o may_v measure_v your_o work_n by_o the_o rod_n or_o perch_n to_o know_v how_o it_o go_v on_o you_o must_v also_o have_v a_o exact_a water-level_n near_a or_o altogether_o 5_o foot_n in_o length_n which_o instrument_n many_o have_v assay_v and_o make_v some_o open_a with_o a_o channel_n for_o the_o water_n to_o run_v all_o along_o upon_o a_o three_o inch_n board_n with_o sight_n true_a to_o the_o water_n place_v at_o each_o end_n each_o at_o a_o just_a proportion_n from_o the_o water_n to_o direct_v the_o level_n but_o it_o lie_v so_o open_a to_o the_o wind_n and_o be_v so_o troublesome_a in_o remove_v that_o i_o approve_v not_o of_o it_o then_o make_v one_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a carriage_n and_o true_a performance_n of_o this_o work_n to_o fold_v into_o another_o square_a staff_n about_o 5_o foot_n or_o 5_o and_o a_o half_a make_v of_o the_o best_a young_a season_a oak_n the_o level_n or_o barrel_n 4_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a which_o barrel_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v into_o the_o top_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o just_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o barrel_n take_v away_o with_o a_o rabuting-plain_a or_o mould_v till_o both_o join_v together_o and_o with_o these_o joint_n make_v one_o complete_a straight_a staff_n and_o formable_a only_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n taper_n upward_o from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v too_o heavy_a and_o the_o sight_n be_v to_o be_v fix_v into_o both_o end_n of_o the_o level-barrel_n that_o so_o they_o may_v stand_v firm_a and_o hold_v water_n and_o yet_o become_v very_o little_a annoyance_n either_o to_o sight_n or_o practice_n and_o in_o carry_v it_o it_o be_v a_o straight_a staff_n with_o a_o strong_a pike_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o to_o stick_v into_o the_o ground_n when_o they_o use_v it_o not_o and_o in_o exercise_n be_v unfold_v not_o much_o unlike_o a_o surveyor_n crossstaff_n the_o next_o useful_a thing_n in_o this_o work_n be_v a_o trenching-plough_n and_o coulter_n who_o particular_a use_n be_v to_o cut_v the_o trench_n on_o both_o side_n with_o great_a
then_o well_o harrow_v about_o four_o bushel_n will_v sufficient_o sow_v a_o acre_n which_o do_v you_o must_v cover_v it_o with_o a_o harrow_n very_o fine_a and_o break_v all_o the_o clots_n pick_v the_o stone_n and_o rubbish_n off_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o may_v come_v easy_o up_o the_o proper_a time_n of_o sow_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o march._n after_o the_o land_n be_v sow_v and_o it_o begin_v to_o spring_v up_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o weed_n appear_v they_o must_v be_v take_v out_o and_o be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n keep_v as_o free_v from_o they_o as_o may_v be_v and_o when_o the_o leaf_n be_v come_v to_o full_a growth_n which_o will_v be_v some_o time_n soon_o and_o at_o other_o late_a as_o the_o seasonableness_n of_o the_o year_n produce_v dryer_n or_o moist_a you_o must_v cut_v it_o up_o and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o mill_n to_o be_v ground_n and_o when_o it_o be_v so_o make_v it_o up_o in_o little_a ball_n and_o dry_v they_o well_o for_o use_v and_o good_a woad_n in_o a_o seasonable_a year_n may_v very_o probable_o yield_v five_o or_o six_o crop_n and_o ordinary_o four_o and_o three_o and_o the_o winter_n crop_n be_v excellent_a for_o sheep_n keep_v they_o from_o the_o rot_n and_o many_o other_o disease_n it_o likewise_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o prepare_v the_o ground_n very_o well_o for_o corn_n and_o good_a estate_n have_v be_v get_v by_o it_o the_o best_a woad_n have_v be_v sell_v from_o twenty_o to_o thirty_o pound_v a_o tun._n chap._n xlvii_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v mad_a and_o how_o to_o order_v it_o mad_a be_v a_o very_a good_a improver_n of_o land_n and_o be_v much_o use_v in_o die_v there_o be_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o it_o which_o be_v manure_v and_o set_v for_o use_n but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n like_o it_o as_o goosegrass_n soft_a cliver_n crosswort_n lady_n bedstraw_n &c_n &c_n which_o have_v all_o leave_n like_o mad_a and_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o wild_a kind_n of_o it_o it_o have_v long_a stalk_n and_o trail_a branch_n on_o the_o ground_n rough_a and_o full_a of_o joint_n and_o every_o joint_n set_v with_o green_a rough_a leave_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o star_n the_o flower_n grow_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o faint_a yellow_a colour_n after_o which_o come_v the_o seed_n round_o and_o green_a the_o root_n creep_v far_o in_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o root_n entangle_v into_o another_o and_o when_o it_o be_v green_a and_o fresh_a the_o root_n be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n small_a and_o tender_a and_o although_o it_o bear_v a_o seed_n yet_o in_o this_o country_n it_o come_v not_o to_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v plant_v from_o the_o set_v that_o be_v to_o be_v get_v from_o the_o mad_a and_o the_o season_n of_o get_v or_o draw_v they_o be_v march_n and_o april_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n about_o three_o inch_n every_o sucker_n have_v some_o spines_n of_o root_n grow_v from_o it_o be_v slip_v from_o the_o main_a root_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v draw_v they_o put_v they_o into_o a_o convenient_a basket_n with_o some_o fine_a mould_n and_o hasten_v they_o to_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v for_o the_o soon_o they_o be_v set_v the_o better_a they_o prosper_v the_o ground_n they_o best_o thrive_v in_o must_v be_v very_o rich_a warm_a and_o a_o deep_a soil_n dig_v two_o spade_n graft_n and_o two_o woveling_n also_o and_o when_o it_o be_v rake_v and_o lay_v very_o even_o then_o draw_v very_o straight_a line_n or_o furrow_n tread_v out_o in_o long_a bed_n about_o four_o foot_n broad_a from_o one_o end_n of_o your_o work_n unto_o the_o other_o set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n asunder_o every_o way_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o dry_a spring_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v water_v till_o they_o recover_v their_o fade_a wan_a complexion_n you_o may_v begin_v to_o dig_v your_o ground_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o so_o all_o along_o to_o the_o time_n of_o set_v weed_z it_z and_z ho_o it_o till_o it_o have_v get_v the_o mastery_n of_o the_o weed_n and_o then_o it_o will_v destroy_v they_o set_v they_o by_o a_o line_n for_o a_o good_a evenness_n with_o a_o setting-stick_a crumble_a in_o light_a mould_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n and_o if_o any_o die_v you_o must_v fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n for_o they_o come_v not_o to_o their_o natural_a perfection_n under_o three_o year_n and_o the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n keep_v they_o hoe_z and_o you_o may_v gather_v set_v from_o they_o almost_o as_o many_o as_o you_o have_v set_v for_o the_o root_n will_v bear_v it_o by_o take_v firmness_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o well_o spread_v so_o that_o these_o set_v will_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n supply_v other_o ground_n chap._n xlviii_o wood-land_n and_o enclosure_n improve_v and_o the_o great_a advantage_n make_v thereby_o enclosure_n and_o wood-land_n be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n not_o only_o in_o supply_v he_o with_o timber_n for_o his_o own_o use_n in_o building_n and_o sale_n but_o with_o underwood_n for_o hedging_n fuel_n and_o the_o like_a for_o himself_o and_o neighbour_n to_o increase_v enclosure_n and_o pass_v away_o the_o bitter_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n with_o keep_v good_a fire_n beside_o tree_n may_v be_v plant_v and_o will_v flourish_v in_o place_n where_o corn_n or_o grass_n or_o any_o other_o profitable_a thing_n will_v not_o kind_o grow_v beside_o when_o the_o land_n be_v clear_v of_o wood_n they_o prove_v much_o better_o and_o yield_v great_a plenty_n of_o corn_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n than_o many_o that_o have_v be_v long_o till_v lie_v round_o about_o they_o they_o also_o yield_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a prospect_n to_o the_o eye_n serve_v as_o cool_v shade_n to_o retreat_n in_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o winter_n prove_v shelter_n to_o the_o house_n barn_n and_o land_n lie_v near_o they_o from_o the_o cold_a nip_a wind_n and_o in_o wood_n by_o their_o warmness_n grass_n in_o the_o vacant_a place_n spring_v all_o the_o year_n on_o which_o sheep_n will_v feed_v well_o and_o grow_v fat_a be_v by_o that_o mean_v preserve_v from_o the_o cold_a and_o rot_v likewise_o well_o grow_v wood_n in_o most_o place_n produce_v mast_n holm_n acorn_n hazle-nut_n service_n meddler_n and_o the_o like_a which_o either_o fall_n of_o themselves_o or_o be_v diligent_o beat_v down_o feed_v a_o great_a number_n of_o swine_n to_o a_o considerable_a fatness_n land_n of_o small_a value_n may_v be_v by_o plant_v of_o tree_n bring_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o considerable_a estate_n i_o find_v it_o confirm_v by_o several_a that_o land_n not_o compute_v to_o be_v worth_a ten_o shilling_n a_o acre_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la have_v by_o this_o manner_n of_o improvement_n produce_v at_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n as_o much_o wood_n as_o be_v fell_v from_o one_o acre_n 60_o l._n and_o indeed_o morish_a 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and_o our_o posterity_n may_v find_v the_o like_a of_o our_o own_o and_o for_o the_o better_a quick_a and_o least_o chargeable_a improvement_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o plain_a and_o easy_a rule_n chap._n xlix_o of_o oak_n elm_n and_o beech_n how_o to_o order_n and_o improve_v they_o for_o the_o best_a advantage_n as_o for_o the_o english_a oak_n among_o other_o for_o firmness_n and_o durableness_n it_o be_v count_v the_o best_a timber_n in_o the_o world_n for_o build_v house_n ship_n and_o other_o necessary_a use_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v grow_v in_o any_o indifferent_a land_n good_a or_o bad_a as_o clay_n gravel_n sand_n mix_v or_o unmixed_a soil_n dry_a cold_a warm_a
february_n and_o beginning_n of_o march_n the_o wether_n be_v open_a and_o especial_o when_o the_o wind_n be_v at_o south_n or_o west_n hang_v bottle_n at_o the_o cut_v branch_n to_o receive_v the_o cristaline_a liquor_n or_o you_o may_v bore_v the_o tree_n and_o tap_n it_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v get_v great_a quantity_n it_o flow_v forth_o very_o free_o the_o small_a branch_n of_o this_o tree_n turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n in_o make_v broom_n whisk_n wickers_n and_o many_o other_o use_v they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o timber_n be_v likewise_o very_o good_a and_o the_o great_a brances_fw-la make_v good_a pole_n chap._n li._n of_o the_o maple_n horn-beam_n quick-beam_n hazle_n box_n juniper_n holly_n and_o fir-tree_n how_o to_o order_n and_o improve_v they_o there_o be_v yet_o other_o tree_n useful_a either_o for_o fuel_n or_o shade_n that_o turn_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n the_o maple_n this_o require_v a_o dry_a and_o sound_a mould_n grow_v in_o hedge-row_n very_o well_o as_o also_o in_o wood_n and_o grove_n it_o may_v be_v propagate_v by_o set_v or_o the_o key_n of_o the_o ash_n the_o timber_n be_v much_o esteem_v for_o its_o whiteness_n and_o the_o diaper-knot_n find_v in_o it_o serve_v for_o trencher_n bowl_n and_o many_o other_o utensil_n and_o much_o esteem_v in_o joyner_n work_n horn-beam_n much_o affect_v the_o open_a part_n of_o wood_n and_o set_v in_o walk_n or_o avenue_n produce_v a_o pleasant_a shade_n it_o will_v grow_v indifferent_o on_o any_o soil_n it_o must_v be_v set_v deep_a and_o the_o set_v may_v be_v about_o two_o inch_n in_o compass_n in_o the_o middle_n it_o may_v likewise_o be_v raise_v of_o those_o seed_n that_o be_v ripe_a in_o auguct_n if_o sow_o in_o october_n but_o since_o most_o wood_n yield_v sufficient_a plant_n i_o like_v the_o set_v they_o best_o for_o the_o great_a expedition_n the_o timber_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o therefore_o useful_a for_o wheel-wrights_a or_o make_v tool_n for_o rural_a use_n quick-beam_n prosper_v best_a in_o good_a light_a ground_n though_o it_o delight_v in_o mountain_n and_o wood_n plant_v the_o young_a set_v as_o the_o former_a or_o it_o will_v grow_v from_o the_o berry_n that_o be_v find_v ripe_a about_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n it_o grow_v apace_o in_o wood_n and_o coppice_n yield_v excellent_a fuel_n and_o be_v good_a for_o divers_a other_o use_n the_o hazle_n though_o of_o great_a value_n for_o the_o nut_n yet_o be_v a_o wood-tree_n affect_v above_o other_o dry_a barren_a and_o cold_a sandy_a ground_n likewise_o rocky_a and_o mountainous_a soil_n produce_v they_o though_o they_o thrive_v much_o better_a in_o hedge-row_n where_o the_o sun_n have_v power_n to_o invigorate_v they_o this_o tree_n be_v proper_o raise_v from_o the_o nut_n preserve_v moist_a but_o not_o mouldy_a and_o to_o do_v it_o you_o may_v lay_v they_o in_o their_o own_o dry_a leave_n or_o in_o sand_n these_o aught_o to_o be_v set_v about_o the_o latter_a 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corn-harvest_n the_o boxtree_n be_v of_o a_o great_a use_n though_o of_o slow_a growth_n it_o will_v grow_v on_o any_o indifferent_a land_n and_o be_v increase_v by_o slip_n it_o keep_v green_a all_o the_o year_n and_o give_v a_o very_a pleasant_a prospect_n the_o wood_n be_v of_o singular_a use_n and_o bear_v a_o great_a price_n be_v usual_o sell_v by_o weight_n so_o that_o a_o grove_n of_o well-grown_a box_n of_o six_o acre_n have_v be_v sell_v for_o 3000_o l._n the_o least_o part_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o timber_n be_v fit_a for_o one_o use_n or_o other_o and_o too_o precious_a to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o flame_n the_o juniper-tree_n covet_v to_o grow_v on_o hilly_a and_o gravelly_a ground_n the_o wood_n leaf_n and_o berry_n be_v medicinable_a it_o may_v be_v sow_v of_o the_o berry_n or_o set_v of_o small_a slip_v it_o last_v green_a all_o the_o winter_n and_o in_o burn_v cast_v a_o curious_a scent_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o make_v fine_a box_n cabinet_n and_o other_o curious_a work_n the_o scent_n of_o it_o keep_v away_o worm_n and_o moth_n its_o gum_n or_o the_o sweat_a of_o it_o be_v good_a against_o pain_n in_o the_o stomach_n or_o heart_n and_o prevent_v infectious_a air._n holly_n be_v a_o tough_a wood_n keep_v green_a all_o the_o year_n and_o carry_v on_o it_o in_o winter_n a_o curious_a red_a berry_n it_o thrive_v in_o any_o indifferent_a ground_n and_o may_v be_v set_v by_o slip_v or_o berry_n the_o wood_n if_o large_a yield_v a_o good_a price_n the_o lime-tree_n must_v be_v plant_v in_o a_o indifferent_a rich_a soil_n for_o it_o will_v not_o thrive_v in_o hungry_a cold_a dry_a land_n it_o be_v raise_v as_o sucker_n from_o the_o elm_n or_o from_o seed_n or_o berry_n that_o drop_v in_o autumn_n from_o the_o tree_n and_o these_o be_v most_o use_v for_o ornament_n in_o walk_n cast_v a_o lovely_a shade_n though_o in_o wood_n they_o grow_v a_o good_a pace_n and_o yield_v timber_n pole_n and_o store_n of_o good_a fuel_n the_o yew-tree_n may_v be_v propagate_v in_o any_o barren_a ground_n even_o on_o the_o black_a hill_n or_o mountain_n it_o be_v hot_a by_o nature_n produce_v a_o curious_a red_a berry_n luscious_a and_o sweet_a as_o honey_n though_o the_o stone_n or_o seed_n of_o it_o be_v very_o bitter_a and_o these_o berry_n put_v into_o the_o ground_n will_v grow_v nâ—d_v be_v set_v regular_a about_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n distance_n produce_v in_o a_o little_a time_n a_o very_a curious_a grove_n green_a all_o the_o year_n the_o wood_n of_o it_o be_v very_o sappy_a and_o tough_a bear_v a_o good_a price_n for_o of_o it_o be_v make_v our_o best_a english_a bow_n exceed_v those_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n these_o tree_n as_o other_o may_v be_v plant_v of_o sucker_n the_o fir_n and_o pine_n be_v natural_o hot_a delight_n in_o cold_a ground_n high_a and_o rocky_a hill_n and_o mountain_n they_o will_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o kernel_n take_v out_o of_o the_o clog_n or_o pine-apple_n soak_v in_o water_n and_o then_o expose_v to_o a_o gentle_a warmth_n these_o you_o may_v sow_v in_o a_o nursery_n or_o where_o you_o intend_v they_o shall_v grow_v up_o to_o a_o grove_n or_o wood_n especial_o the_o pine_n which_o will_v hardly_o bear_v a_o remove_n unless_o very_o young_a though_o the_o fir_n may_v be_v very_o easy_o remove_v and_o propagate_v on_o slip_v and_o will_v grow_v small_a and_o straight_o to_o a_o prodigious_a height_n if_o it_o take_v good_a root_n even_o to_o sixty_o foot_n high_a in_o twenty_o year_n growth_n though_o in_o the_o six_o year_n they_o seem_v not_o to_o grow_v very_o fast_o but_o afterward_o shoot_v up_o exceed_o chap._n lii_o of_o tree_n delight_v in_o wet_a ground_n as_o the_o poplar_n aspen-tree_n alder_n willow_n etc._n etc._n their_o order_v and_o the_o best_a way_n to_o improve_v they_o thus_o reader_n have_v declare_v what_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o dry_a barren_a land_n by_o plant_v the_o most_o useful_a tree_n for_o timber_n and_o other_o service_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o instruct_v you_o to_o improve_v wet_a boggy_a and_o otherways_o useless_a land_n by_o plant_v of_o tree_n to_o yield_v great_a stote_z of_o advantage_n by_o fuel_n etc._n etc._n the_o poplar_n a_o tree_n well_o know_v grow_v exceed_v well_o in_o moist_a ground_n near_o the_o brink_n of_o river_n but_o not_o in_o the_o water_n as_o the_o willow_n this_o tree_n be_v propagate_v by_o straight_a branch_n or_o pitcher_n set_v in_o the_o ground_n but_o beware_v you_o cut_v not_o off_o the_o top_n till_o they_o be_v of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n growth_n and_o head_n they_o at_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n high_a and_o in_o a_o few_o year_n their_o branch_n will_v spread_v exceed_o the_o timber_n
it_o they_o will_v die_v grasshopper_n in_o some_o measure_n do_v much_o injury_n by_o feed_v on_o the_o leaf_n and_o blossom_n of_o corn_n and_o pulse_n from_o the_o early_a to_o the_o late_a these_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v destroy_v without_o very_o great_a labour_n and_o that_o be_v by_o sprinkle_v the_o corn_n with_o water_n wherein_o wormwood_n rue_n or_o centaury_n have_v be_v boil_v till_o the_o strength_n of_o they_o be_v quite_o take_v out_o by_o the_o water_n and_o if_o they_o bite_v where_o the_o sprinkling_n happen_v they_o will_v die_v and_o the_o scent_n of_o any_o bitter_a thing_n be_v so_o offensive_a to_o they_o that_o they_o be_v never_o sound_v where_o any_o such_o thing_n grow_v mole_n be_v two_o way_n destructive_a to_o corn_n viz._n in_o eat_v the_o root_n and_o root_a it_o up_o not_o make_v distinction_n of_o any_o sort_n but_o take_v all_o alike_o there_o be_v divers_a way_n of_o take_v they_o but_o not_o so_o easy_o when_o the_o corn_n be_v well_o grow_v for_o than_o they_o do_v their_o chief_a mischief_n when_o their_o tract_n or_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o their_o hill_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o discover_v however_o you_o must_v do_v it_o as_o well_o as_o you_o can_v and_o when_o you_o see_v they_o cast_v up_o or_o move_v in_o their_o track_n strike_v they_o with_o a_o iron_n of_o many_o spear_n or_o dig_v pit_n in_o their_o tract_n and_o set_v earthen_a glaze_v pot_n which_o they_o will_v blind_o fall_v into_o and_o can_v scramble_v out_o or_o fill_v a_o earthen_a jugg_n with_o pitch_n rosin_n and_o brimstone_n with_o some_o loose_a tow_n or_o rag_n and_o fire_v it_o clap_v the_o neck_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o earth_n draw_v the_o scent_n to_o a_o great_a distance_n will_v stifle_v they_o or_o mix_v the_o juice_n of_o hellebore_n with_o rye-meal_n scatter_v little_a bit_n in_o the_o furrow_n and_o find_v it_o in_o their_o way_n they_o will_v greedy_o eat_v it_o and_o die_v chap._n xxxii_o to_o prevent_v smuttiness_n in_o corn_n preserve_v it_o against_o blast_n the_o injury_n of_o black_a frost_n snow-water_n mist_n and_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v order_v when_o reap_v wet_a there_o be_v other_o mischief_n that_o befall_v corn_n though_o not_o from_o live_a creature_n which_o i_o have_v labour_v to_o find_v some_o suitable_a remedy_n for_o in_o the_o try_v many_o experiment_n to_o prevent_v the_o smuttiness_n and_o mildew_n before_o you_o sow_v your_o grain_n sprinkle_v the_o ground_n over_o light_o with_o chalk_n beat_v very_o small_a against_o blast_n the_o proper_a remedy_n be_v hold_v observe_v the_o season_n when_o they_o usual_o happen_v to_o make_v fire_n of_o stubble_n or_o rot_a straw_n and_o burn_v in_o they_o the_o snip_n of_o old_a leather_n the_o shave_n of_o horn_n and_o a_o little_a brimstone_n so_o advantageous_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o a_o small_a gale_n of_o wind_n may_v carry_v the_o smoâ—k_n and_o spread_v it_o among_o the_o corn_n or_o puâ—e_n this_o will_v likewise_o destroy_v fly_n and_o other_o black_a frost_n be_v very_o injurious_a to_o all_o grain_n the_o pierce_a cold_a chill_a or_o kill_v the_o fertile_a heat_n that_o propagate_v the_o growth_n and_o either_o withers_o or_o stint_v it_o if_o it_o be_v extreme_a and_o without_o snow_n to_o bed_v it_o and_o keep_v off_o the_o bleak_a wind_n there_o be_v no_o better_a remedy_n against_o this_o than_o to_o strew_v ash_n over_o your_o land_n either_o wood_n or_o sea_n coal_n and_o they_o add_v much_o heat_n to_o it_o and_o keep_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cold_a some_o throw_v rot_v straw_n over_o it_o but_o that_o prove_v a_o great_a encumbrance_n the_o other_o nourish_v the_o ground_n and_o be_v good_a manure_n for_o barren_a earth_n as_o for_o snow_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n it_o injure_v not_o the_o corn_n but_o upon_o thaw_v the_o water_n be_v of_o a_o harsh_a allomy_n nature_n much_o injure_v the_o root_n if_o it_o lie_v long_o upon_o it_o and_o the_o best_a way_n to_o prevent_v it_o be_v to_o lay_v your_o land_n high_a your_o furrow_n deep_a and_o to_o have_v suitable_a drain_v to_o the_o lowness_n of_o your_o ground_n to_o drain_v it_o away_o as_o fast_o as_o may_v be_v mist_n and_o fog_n be_v very_o offensive_a where_o they_o be_v great_a or_o rise_v from_o ill-scented_n ground_n especial_o from_o fen_n salt-marsh_n standing-pool_n lake_n etc._n etc._n the_o way_n of_o remedy_v this_o evil_n be_v to_o smoke_v the_o land_n in_o the_o evening_n with_o any_o sort_n of_o fuel_n that_o cast_v a_o gross_a thick_a smoke_n which_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n disperse_v and_o dry_v up_o the_o vapour_n that_o will_v otherways_o by_o fall_v on_o it_o be_v poisonous_a and_o offensive_a to_o the_o corn._n of_o corn_n reap_v wet_a there_o come_v great_a damage_n for_o be_v so_o by_o rain_n and_o not_o time_n give_v it_o to_o dry_v abroad_o or_o by_o the_o unripeness_n or_o too_o greerness_n of_o it_o when_o mow_v if_o the_o heat_n be_v great_a thereby_o contract_v it_o often_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n if_o less_o it_o moulder_n rot_n or_o mould_v the_o straw_n and_o grain_n that_o it_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o value_n you_o may_v know_v when_o the_o corn_n be_v ready_a to_o reap_v by_o the_o much_o bend_n of_o the_o ear_n dryness_n of_o the_o stalk_v and_o hardness_n of_o the_o grain_n then_o if_o you_o see_v any_o weed_n grow_v up_o among_o it_o that_o be_v but_o of_o a_o moderate_a height_n reap_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v to_o take_v in_o the_o less_o weed_n or_o the_o seed_n of_o they_o to_o encumber_v or_o worsen_fw-mi it_o if_o grass_n be_v grow_v high_a among_o it_o and_o you_o can_v avoid_v reap_v it_o with_o the_o corn_n take_v care_n to_o spread_v it_o thin_a before_o you_o sheave_v it_o and_o dry_v it_o well_o in_o the_o sun_n till_o it_o wither_v and_o become_v as_o hay_n very_o dry_a and_o then_o sheave_v it_o up_o and_o shock_n it_o in_o small_a shock_n then_o when_o it_o have_v sweat_v a_o little_a open_v it_o and_o give_v it_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o air_n that_o it_o may_v yet_o be_v more_o dry_a then_o lay_v it_o in_o great_a shock_n and_o let_v it_o sweat_v again_o and_o so_o open_v it_o and_o when_o it_o be_v by_o this_o mean_n well_o open_v and_o dry_v inn_n it_o but_o sometime_o rain_n or_o great_a mist_n cause_n a_o weakness_n if_o it_o be_v before_o the_o reap_v let_v it_o stand_v somewhat_o long_o in_o expectation_n of_o a_o favourable_a season_n but_o if_o your_o expectation_n be_v frustrate_v and_o by_o the_o abundance_n of_o fall_a rain_n the_o corn_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v beat_v down_o grow_v again_o or_o rot_v you_o must_v make_v a_o virtue_n of_o necessity_n reap_v it_o carry_v it_o home_o and_o have_v air_v and_o dry_v a_o little_a under_o shelter_n you_o must_v have_v kill_v to_o dry_v it_o often_o turn_v and_o shift_v the_o sheaf_n and_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a let_v it_o cool_v well_o and_o mow_v it_o up_o light_o that_o the_o air_n may_v come_v plentiful_o among_o it_o leave_v for_o that_o purpose_n a_o hollow_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o mow_n and_o underneath_o and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v keep_v good_a and_o sweet_a chap._n xxxiii_o proper_a direction_n for_o stack_v of_o corn_n in_o the_o true_a method_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o vermin_n fowl_n taking-wet_a or_o mu_v where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o conveniency_n of_o house_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o stack_a corn_n and_o care_n must_v be_v use_v for_o the_o well-ordering_a of_o it_o this_o way_n that_o it_o may_v be_v preserve_v with_o the_o least_o loss_n also_o from_o wet_a and_o mould_v for_o a_o moist_a ground_n if_o the_o stack_n be_v unadvised_o place_v on_o it_o without_o any_o other_o remedy_n will_v spo_n l_o at_o least_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o bottom_n and_o therefore_o you_o must_v make_v and_o raise_v your_o ground_n on_o purpose_n with_o gravel_n sand_n and_o pebble_n or_o other_o stone_n not_o subject_a to_o break_v proportionable_a for_o a_o stack_n either_o round_a or_o a_o square_a or_o triangular_a distant_a from_o eavesdropping_a or_o the_o drip_a of_o tree_n and_o so_o that_o the_o violent_a wind_n can_v blow_v the_o rain_n or_o melting-snow_n off_o from_o they_o though_o they_o stand_v at_o some_o distance_n upon_o the_o stick_n yet_o so_o that_o it_o may_v stand_v safe_a shelter_v from_o high_a turbulent_a wind_n that_o will_v arise_v or_o uncover_v it_o then_o upon_o the_o earth_n so_o raise_v above_o the_o level_n of_o water_n occasion_v overflowing_n by_o sudden_a shower_n make_v four_o piece_n of_o stone_n or_o timber_n like_o block_n broad_a on_o the_o lower-end_n and_o narrow_a on_o the_o