Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	foot_n	half_a	inch_n	1,859	5	11.0254	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A75801	A treatise of fruit-trees shewing the manner of grafting, setting, pruning, and ordering of them in all respects: according to divers new and easy rules of experience; gathered in ye space of twenty yeares. Whereby the value of lands may be much improued, in a shorttime [sic], by small cost, and little labour. Also discovering some dangerous errors, both in ye theory and practise of ye art of planting fruit-trees. With the alimentall and physicall vse of fruits. Togeather with the spirituall vse of an orchard: held-forth [sic] in divers similitudes betweene naturall & spirituall fruit-trees: according to Scripture & experie[n]ce. By Ra: Austen. Practiser in ye art of planting	Austen, Ralph, d. 1676.; Goddard, John, fl. 1645-1671,	1653 (1653)	Wing A4238; Thomason E701_5; Thomason E701_6; ESTC R12161	90,355	121

but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n we_o may_v begin_v if_o frost_n hinder_v not_o and_o such_o as_o have_v multitude_n to_o engraft_v must_v needs_o begin_v early_o else_o they_o will_v want_v time_n graft_n of_o cherry_n and_o plum-tree_n must_v be_v graft_v soon_o because_o they_o bud_v soon_a and_o be_v sure_a to_o begin_v with_o they_o ere_o they_o begin_v to_o bud_v forth_o and_o then_o with_o peartree_n and_o appletree_n graft_n how_o to_o keep_v graft_n graft_n of_o any_o kind_n may_v be_v get_v and_o keep_v many_o day_n or_o many_o week_n the_o cut_v end_n or_o the_o one_o half_a in_o length_n be_v cover_v with_o mould_n or_o they_o may_v be_v graft_v immediate_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v get_v graft_v none_o but_o those_o of_o one_o year_n growth_n only_o the_o last_o year_n sprout_v the_o fair_a &_o thick_a be_v best_a they_o may_v be_v carry_v many_o mile_n be_v bind_v up_o close_o from_o end_n to_o end_v in_o a_o hay_n band_n or_o better_a in_o a_o box_n of_o mould_n or_o their_o end_n stick_v in_o clay_n graft_v instrument_n for_o graft_v that_o this_o work_n may_v the_o more_o effectual_o be_v do_v we_o must_v have_v fit_a tool_n and_o instrument_n for_o that_o purpose_n first_o a_o good_a sharp-knife_n and_o strong_a to_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n a_o neat_a sharp-saw_a to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o some_o stock_n which_o be_v grow_v too_o big_a for_o the_o knife_n also_o a_o little_a mallet_n and_o wedg_n to_o cleave_v the_o big_a stock_n a_o small_a penknife_n to_o cut_v the_o graft_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o and_o keep_v it_o very_o sharp_a for_o this_o purpose_n only_o there_o must_v be_v likewise_o clay_n prepare_v with_o hors-dung_n well_o mix_v together_o as_o mortar_n as_o much_o of_o the_o one_o as_o of_o the_o other_o and_o rush_n or_o strong_a soft_a flag_n to_o bind_v together_o the_o graft_n and_o the_o stock_n with_o a_o small_a hand-basket_n to_o carry_v the_o graft_n in_o with_o all_o the_o instrument_n for_o the_o work_n work_n manner_n of_o the_o work_n have_v these_o thing_n in_o a_o readiness_n the_o time_n be_v come_v go_v to_o the_o stock_n that_o be_v ready_a small_a or_o great_a and_o those_o that_o be_v small_a about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o little_a finger_n which_o be_v of_o a_o competent_a bigness_n &_o we_o lose_v no_o time_n in_o make_v use_n of_o they_o graft_v they_o in_o this_o manner_n if_o they_o be_v cherry-stock_n or_o plum-stock_n to_o make_v wall-tree_n of_o graft_v they_o low_o within_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o less_o of_o the_o ground_n but_o if_o they_o be_v for_o standard_n then_o graft_v they_o a_o ell_n or_o yard_n and_o half_a high_a thus_o cut_a off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n in_o some_o smooth_a straight_a place_n on_o the_o first_o way_n of_o graft_v call_v slicse_v or_o back_v on_o that_o may_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o graft_n when_o set_v on_o then_o prepare_v the_o graft_n thus_o observe_v which_o side_n be_v straight_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o big_a end_n that_o so_o it_o may_v fit_v the_o straight_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n when_o set_v on_o then_o cut_v one_o side_n only_o of_o the_o graft_n down_o a_o slope_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a either_o from_o the_o knot_n or_o seam_n if_o the_o part_n below_o it_o be_v smooth_a and_o straight_o or_o else_o from_o a_o bud_n and_o cut_v through_o the_o bark_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cut-place_n and_o make_v it_o like_o a_o shoulder_n that_o it_o may_v rest_v just_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n but_o cut_v not_o this_o shoulder_n too_o deep_a only_o through_o the_o bark_n or_o little_o more_o but_o cut_v the_o graft_n thin_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cut_a place_n yet_o leave_v on_o all_o the_o bark_n on_o the_o opposite_a side_n make_v this_o cut_n smooth_a and_o even_o from_o the_o top_n of_o it_o to_o the_o bottom_n without_o dint_n or_o ridge_n which_o be_v of_o special_a concernment_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o join_v close_o to_o the_o stock_n the_o graft_n be_v thus_o prepare_v then_o go_v on_o to_o prepare_v the_o stock_n further_o lay_v the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o graft_n upon_o the_o straight_a side_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o measure_v just_a the_o length_n of_o the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o graft_n and_o with_o a_o knife_n take_v away_o so_o much_o of_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n but_o cut_v not_o any_o of_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o stock_n then_o lay_v the_o cutside_n of_o the_o graft_n upon_o the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o let_v the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o graft_n rest_n direct_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o the_o cut-part_n of_o both_o may_v join_v even_o and_o smooth_a all_o along_o and_o so_o bound_v they_o together_o close_o with_o some_o strong_a rush_n or_o flag_n than_o clay_n they_o lay_v on_o every_o side_n &_o a_o inch_n above_o and_o as_o much_o below_o some_o of_o the_o clay_n prepare_v as_o before_o 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place_n cut_v the_o roughness_n of_o the_o top_n smooth_a with_o a_o sharp_a knife_n then_o knock_v in_o a_o strong_a knife_n or_o chissell_n a_o very_a little_a beside_o the_o pith_n and_o if_o it_o be_v capable_a but_o of_o one_o graft_n then_o be_v sure_a to_o cleave_v it_o on_o that_o side_n that_o be_v smooth_a and_o straight_o if_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o two_o then_o be_v careful_a to_o choose_v both_o side_n smooth_a be_v cleave_v with_o the_o knife_n and_o a_o wedge_n of_o box_n or_o other_o hard_a wood_n knock_v in_o to_o keep_v it_o open_v than_o prepare_v the_o graft_n or_o graft_n you_o mean_v to_o put_v in_o cut_v both_o side_n of_o the_o graft_n a_o slope_n down_o from_o the_o knot_n or_o seam_n or_o else_o from_o a_o bud_n about_o a_o inch_n or_o little_o more_o shoulder_z both_o side_n of_o the_o graft_n as_o be_v say_v of_o one_o side_n for_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o graft_v and_o make_v it_o thin_a at_o the_o bottom_n let_v the_o outside_n of_o the_o graft_n be_v somewhat_o thick_a than_o the_o inner_a side_n unless_o the_o stock_n be_v very_o big_a if_o it_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o pinch_v the_o graft_n much_o then_o make_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o graft_n thick_a that_o so_o it_o may_v preserve_v the_o outside_n from_o be_v pinch_v too_o much_o and_o in_o set_v in_o all_o graft_n into_o the_o cleave_a observe_v this_o for_o a_o most_o special_a rule_n rule_n a_o special_a rule_n to_o join_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o graft_n to_o the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o bark_n

of_o the_o stock_n that_o the_o sap_n may_v more_o easy_o come_v out_o of_o the_o stock_n into_o the_o graft_n to_o feed_v it_o for_o the_o main_a current_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n and_o regard_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o grafter_n in_o set_v the_o outside_n even_o and_o smooth_a not_o consider_v the_o inside_n their_o success_n be_v according_a to_o their_o skill_n for_o the_o most_o part_n we_o know_v the_o bark_n of_o a_o big_a stock_n be_v much_o thick_a than_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o slender_a graft_n &_o if_o the_o outside_n be_v smooth_a and_o even_o the_o inside_n must_v needs_o be_v uneven_a but_o i_o say_v to_o join_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o both_o bark_n together_o all_o along_o the_o cleave_a be_v the_o principal_a thing_n in_o graft_v of_o such_o big_a stock_n the_o graft_n be_v thus_o place_v in_o the_o stock_n and_o the_o wedg_n pull_v out_o then_o clay_n they_o close_o on_o every_o side_n a_o inch_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cleave_v in_o choose_v graft_n choose_v not_o those_o that_o be_v very_o small_a graft_n choice_n of_o graft_n and_o slender_a they_o common_o fail_v but_o take_v the_o fair_a upon_o the_o tree_n and_o especial_o those_o that_o be_v full_a of_o bud_n graft_v every_o cyence_n into_o its_o own_o kind_a as_o all_o kind_n of_o apple_n together_o and_o also_o on_o crabstock_n which_o be_v the_o wild_a apple_n pear-graft_n on_o wild_a pear-stock_n &_o the_o like_a of_o other_o kind_n join_v not_o contrary_a or_o different_a kind_n they_o never_o come_v to_o perfection_n as_o cherry_n graft_v on_o plum-stock_n or_o the_o like_a experience_n make_v it_o manifest_a to_o be_v but_o lose_v labour_n they_o will_v grow_v it_o may_v be_v a_o year_n or_o two_o and_o then_o die_v and_o in_o choice_n of_o graft_n bearing-tree_n observe_v the_o best_a bearing-tree_n be_v sure_a to_o consider_v what_o tree_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v the_o best_a bearer_n some_o kind_n seldom_o miss_v and_o some_o other_o kind_n though_o good_a fruit_n seldom_o hit_v and_o therefore_o take_v information_n from_o those_o person_n that_o know_v by_o experience_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o this_o regard_n and_o according_o choose_v or_o refuse_v graft_n from_o they_o observe_v the_o like_a in_o choice_n of_o vine_n the_o parsley_n vine_n of_o all_o other_o be_v best_a for_o these_o part_n such_o graft_n as_o be_v bind_v as_o be_v say_v of_o the_o two_o first_o way_n of_o graft_a must_v be_v unbound_v after_o a_o certain_a time_n graft_n unbind_v graft_n when_o they_o have_v well_o close_v with_o the_o stock_n about_o midsummer_n or_o before_o they_o will_v be_v fast_o enough_o upon_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o they_o may_v without_o danger_n be_v unbound_v but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o unbound_v the_o band_n hinder_v their_o growth_n and_o beside_o the_o wind_n when_o the_o graft_n be_v grow_v big_a &_o bushy_a will_v break_v divers_a of_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v unbound_v and_o also_o by_o some_o mean_v support_v and_o strengthen_v in_o the_o graft_a place_n which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o tie_v a_o small_a stick_n to_o they_o a_o little_a above_o and_o as_o much_o below_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v engraft_v but_o before_o you_o thus_o bind_v the_o stick_n to_o strengthen_v the_o graft_n put_v a_o little_a clay_n round_o about_o the_o engraft_a place_n be_v unbound_v it_o will_v cause_v the_o sap_n soon_o to_o cover_v the_o head_n of_o the_o stock_n after_o graft_n have_v have_v their_o full_a growth_n the_o first_o year_n graft_n prune_n young_a graft_n they_o must_v be_v prune_v such_o as_o need_v prune_v as_o for_o wall_n plant_n be_v no_o matter_n of_o how_o many_o branch_n they_o spread_v more_o the_o better_o but_o for_o those_o that_o be_v graft_v low_a and_o yet_o must_v be_v make_v standard_n leave_v only_o one_o shoot_n the_o strong_a and_o big_a shoot_n and_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o let_v not_o that_o straight_o shoot_v begin_v to_o spread_v till_o it_o be_v a_o ell_n long_o at_o least_o rather_o more_o and_o then_o let_v the_o branch_n spread_v and_o enlarge_v themselves_o and_o from_o year_n to_o year_n prune_v off_o those_o shoot_v and_o branch_n as_o be_v superfluous_a and_o grow_v too_o near_o one_o another_o and_o preserve_v only_o such_o as_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v the_o tree_n of_o a_o comely_a form_n and_o if_o any_o spire_n up_o and_o shoot_v too_o strong_o upward_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n only_o and_o spread_v not_o sufficient_o as_o be_v often_o see_v in_o peartree_n and_o some_o other_o tree_n cut_v off_o from_o time_n to_o time_n those_o strong_a shoot_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o still_o preserve_v the_o outmost_a branch_n for_o all_o fruit-tree_n ought_v to_o spread_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v so_o that_o the_o branch_n hang_v not_o too_o near_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o much_o concern_v graft_a and_o also_o prune_v while_o they_o be_v young_a plant_n i_o shall_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o other_o work_n whereby_o fruit-tree_n be_v increase_v inoculate_v or_o put_v a_o small_a bud_n into_o a_o stock_n which_o as_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o graft_v but_o differ_v much_o in_o the_o season_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o work_n the_o time_n for_o inoculate_v bud_n bud_n inoculate_v bud_n be_v about_o midsummer_n a_o fortnight_n before_o &_o a_o fortnight_n after_o be_v the_o chief_a season_n though_o some_o plant_n full_a of_o sap_n may_v be_v do_v afterward_o with_o good_a success_n that_o this_o business_n may_v be_v do_v to_o good_a purpose_n it_o must_v be_v consider_v whether_o the_o bud_n which_o we_o mean_v to_o get_v be_v sufficient_o grow_v or_o not_o they_o must_v not_o be_v too_o young_a and_o tender_a and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o tree_n have_v bud_n ready_a soon_o than_o other_o as_o the_o aprecott_n especial_o and_o those_o that_o shoot_v strong_o let_v then_o the_o big_a and_o strong_a shoot_n be_v cut_v from_o the_o tree_n that_o have_v grow_v since_o the_o spring_n to_o that_o time_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o shoot_n all_o these_o bud_n that_o be_v too_o small_a and_o tender_a and_o also_o cut_v off_o the_o leave_v of_o the_o other_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n from_o the_o bud_n and_o by_o that_o part_n leave_v we_o hold_v the_o bud_n be_v take_v off_o the_o branch_n but_o leave_v not_o on_o the_o whole_a leaf_n and_o stalk_n as_o some_o do_v for_o the_o air_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o leaf_n extract_v and_o draw_v out_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o bud_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o so_o spoil_v it_o kind_n observe_v the_o kind_n then_o go_v to_o the_o plant_n you_o intend_v to_o inoculate_v which_o must_v be_v like_o as_o to_o the_o general_a kind_n with_o the_o bud_n that_o you_o intend_v to_o set_v on_o as_o aprecot_n bud_n and_o other_o plum-bud_n on_o plumstocks_n that_o be_v wild_a stock_n the_o white_a pear_n plum_n stock_n be_v account_v the_o best_a to_o inoculate_v aprecot_n bud_v on_o or_o other_o choice_a plum_n it_o be_v a_o plant_n full_a of_o sap_n and_o in_o choose_v bud_n or_o graft_n be_v sure_a always_o to_o cut_v they_o from_o those_o kind_n that_o experience_n show_v be_v good_a bear_v tree_n now_o in_o set_v on_o the_o bud_n first_o make_v a_o cross_n cut_v upon_o some_o smooth_a place_n of_o the_o stock_n if_o it_o be_v for_o a_o wall-tree_n then_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o thereabouts_o from_o the_o ground_n &_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cross_a cut_n make_v another_o straight_o down_o about_o a_o inch_n long_o or_o something_o less_o only_o through_o the_o bark_n and_o with_o the_o end_n of_o a_o penknife_n raise_v up_o the_o bark_n on_o both_o side_n as_o much_o as_o to_o let_v in_o the_o small_a bud_n then_o make_v haste_n to_o prepare_v the_o bud_n for_o a_o man_n must_v be_v quick_a at_o this_o work_n else_o the_o air_n by_o sudden_a dry_v the_o bud_n and_o the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n will_v much_o hurt_v cut_v the_o bark_n on_o both_o side_n the_o bud_n and_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o and_o as_o much_o below_o the_o bud_n and_o let_v that_o end_n which_o be_v to_o be_v downward_o be_v a_o little_a sharp_a that_o it_o may_v more_o easy_o go_v down_o between_o the_o bark_n and_o wood_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o throw_v away_o the_o bark_n on_o the_o opposite_a side_n then_o with_o a_o quill_n the_o one_o half_o cut_v away_o or_o a_o pen_n of_o steel_n make_v thin_a for_o the_o purpose_n take_v off_o the_o bud_n and_o bark_n and_o be_v sure_a there_o be_v the_o root_n of_o

when_o he_o be_v most_o mindful_a of_o we_o and_o that_o we_o shall_v fall_v so_o much_o in_o love_n with_o the_o token_n that_o we_o forget_v he_o that_o send_v it_o and_o now_o have_v answer_v the_o doubt_n and_o discouragement_n that_o have_v hinder_v some_o from_o enter_v upon_o this_o part_n of_o the_o husbandman_n work_n the_o art_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n and_o show_v the_o great_a esteem_n that_o all_o man_n have_v of_o it_o and_o the_o value_n and_o dignity_n thereof_o from_o divine_a and_o humane_a argument_n what_o a_o rich_a confluence_n of_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n bring_v unto_o we_o by_o it_o with_o a_o caution_n in_o the_o use_n of_o these_o thing_n what_o remain_v but_o that_o i_o also_o discover_v how_o we_o may_v obtain_v our_o desire_n herein_o by_o what_o mean_v the_o work_n may_v be_v do_v with_o most_o speed_n and_o best_a effect_n i_o shall_v first_o speak_v of_o a_o nursery_n of_o young_a plant_n nursery_n of_o the_o nursery_n 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whereas_o a_o brief_a and_o plain_a discovery_n of_o they_o may_v better_o be_v comprehend_v and_o remember_v 1._o first_o then_o let_v there_o be_v a_o plot_n of_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o dig_v up_o about_o the_o time_n when_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a and_o let_v all_o the_o grass_n weed_n root_n stone_n etc._n etc._n be_v clean_o pick_v out_o &_o the_o ground_n cast_v into_o bed_n about_o a_o yard_n broad_a and_o space_n between_o about_o a_o foot_n in_o breadth_n to_o pass_v between_o they_o to_o sow_v set_v weed_z etc._n etc._n and_o then_o procure_v kernel_n of_o apple_n pear_n crab_n cherry_n stone_n plum_n stone_n and_o the_o seed_n of_o divers_a kind_n of_o fruit_n and_o these_o may_v be_v set_v and_o sow_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a until_o the_o spring_n except_o in_o frost_n in_o this_o manner_n etc._n how_o to_o sow_v and_o set_v seed_n stone_n kernel_n etc._n etc._n have_v make_v the_o bed_n level_v with_o a_o rake_n sprinkle_v the_o seed_n upon_o they_o all_z over_z each_o kind_n by_o themselves_o and_o set_v or_o sow_v the_o stone_n by_o themselves_o then_o take_v a_o spade_n and_o turn_v in_o the_o seed_n &_o stone_n about_o a_o handful_n deep_a and_o after_o rake_v they_o all_o over_o and_o that_o none_o may_v be_v leave_v uncover_v sift_v some_o small_a mould_n with_o a_o sieve_n all_o over_o they_o and_o so_o let_v they_o rest_v all_o winter_n and_o careful_o observe_v that_o mouse_n devour_v not_o the_o seed_n in_o winter_n if_o you_o perceive_v it_o set_v trap_n and_o lay_v rat_n bane_n to_o destroy_v they_o in_o the_o spring_n or_o summer_n let_v they_o be_v weed_v from_o time_n to_o time_n clean_o and_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v dry_a let_v they_o be_v water_v now_o and_o then_o &_o they_o will_v make_v a_o growth_n the_o same_o year_n according_a to_o the_o strength_n &_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o they_o grow_v plant_n come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n be_v far_o better_o than_o sucker_n from_o root_n of_o tree_n although_o such_o be_v good_a and_o useful_a for_o stock_n also_o seed_n draw_v plant_n of_o seed_n in_o autumn_n when_o they_o have_v do_v grow_v let_v the_o big_a of_o they_o be_v transplant_v into_o other_o bed_n of_o ground_n prepare_v for_o that_o purpose_n thus_o let_v the_o ground_n be_v dig_v and_o cast_v into_o square_a plot_n or_o long_a plot_n as_o you_o will_v and_o say_v level_v with_o a_o rake_n than_o set_v the_o young_a seed_n plant_n therein_o in_o this_o manner_n have_v cast_v up_o the_o border_n handsome_o on_o each_o side_n stretch_v a_o line_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o then_o take_v a_o setting-stick_a that_o be_v a_o hard_a piece_n of_o wood_n about_o a_o yard_n long_o with_o a_o handle_n at_o the_o top_n and_o make_v sharp_a at_o the_o end_n or_o point_v with_o iron_n and_o thrust_v it_o into_o the_o ground_n half_o a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n deep_a according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o root_n close_o to_o the_o line_n and_o make_v hole_n all_o along_o from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o line_n to_o the_o other_o about_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o more_o as_o you_o will_v and_o have_v prepare_v the_o seed_n plant_n by_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side_n twig_n and_o the_o end_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o root_n set_v they_o in_o order_n in_o the_o hole_n to_o the_o top_n of_o their_o root_n and_o close_o the_o mould_n about_o they_o draw_v the_o big_a first_o and_o set_v they_o by_o themselves_o &_o the_o least_o by_o themselves_o then_o take_v up_o the_o line_n and_o stretch_v it_o again_o about_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o plant_n and_o make_v hole_n and_o prune_v more_o seed_n plant_n and_o set_v they_o as_o before_o then_o take_v up_o the_o line_n and_o stretch_v it_o again_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a from_o the_o plant_n last_o set_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o convenient_a space_n of_o ground_n to_o pass_v between_o to_o weed_v the_o plant_n and_o to_o graft_v and_o inoculate_v they_o be_v grow_v fit_a and_o have_v make_v hole_n and_o prune_v the_o plant_n set_v they_o as_o before_o and_o thus_o set_v the_o nursery_n throughout_o and_o many_o of_o these_o will_v be_v ready_a after_o one_o year_n to_o inoculate_v and_o after_o two_o year_n or_o three_o to_o graft_v now_o for_o those_o that_o be_v leave_v upon_o the_o bed_n where_o the_o seed_n be_v sow_v the_o large_a be_v draw_v as_o before_o plant_n rmove_v all_o seed_n plant_n they_o may_v grow_v there_o a_o year_n long_o and_o then_o be_v transplant_v or_o else_o may_v be_v remove_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v sure_a to_o transplant_v all_o young_a seed-plant_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o get_v good_a root_n which_o of_o themselves_o thrust_v down_o one_o single_a root_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o be_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v they_o be_v fit_a to_o transplant_v to_o make_v orchard_n or_o into_o field_n &_o hedge_n at_o a_o competent_a distance_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o set_v tree_n thus_o man_n may_v in_o a_o few_o year_n prepare_v multitude_n of_o young_a tree_n for_o themselves_o and_o other_o to_o give_v or_o sell_v as_o they_o please_v it_o be_v good_a likewise_o to_o procure_v crab-stock_n from_o the_o wood_n and_o waste_a ground_n which_o be_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o may_v be_v graft_v and_o either_o grow_v where_o they_o be_v first_o set_v be_v fit_a place_n or_o transplant_v elsewhere_o the_o small_a these_o or_o any_o other_o plant_n be_v when_o they_o be_v remove_v the_o better_a they_o grow_v sure_a small_a plant_n grow_v sure_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n in_o man_n to_o choose_v the_o great_a yong-tree_n to_o transplant_v into_o their_o garden_n it_o be_v true_a the_o great_a they_o be_v the_o better_a be_v they_o to_o grow_v still_o in_o the_o place_n without_o remove_v but_o the_o remove_n of_o great_a plant_n be_v more_o dangerous_a to_o they_o then_o to_o small_a plant_n experience_n prove_v this_o sufficient_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o a_o good_a plant._n now_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o inoculate_v and_o graft_v these_o plant_n be_v thus_o prepare_v graft_v the_o time_n of_o graft_v and_o grow_v fit_a first_o concern_v graft_a wherein_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o time_n february_n and_o march_n usual_o with_o most_o be_v the_o too_o chief_a month_n for_o graft_v but_o we_o may_v begin_v soon_o and_o its_o best_a so_o to_o do_v especial_o with_o cherry_n and_o plum-graft_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v open_a without_o frost_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n or_o in_o december_n yea_o i_o have_v graft_v some_o with_o good_a success_n in_o november_n and_o soon_o

smallnesse_n of_o the_o fruit_n but_o the_o newington_n peach_n be_v a_o very_a large_a and_o gallant_a fruit_n these_o require_v choice_a plum-stock_n to_o be_v inoculate_v upon_o as_o the_o white_a pear_n plum_n stock_n or_o else_o stock_n come_v of_o peach_n stone_n i_o know_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o fig_n figs._n 7_o of_o figs._n that_o come_v to_o ripeness_n with_o we_o in_o england_n the_o great_a blew-fig_n as_o large_a as_o a_o catherine_n pear_n the_o tree_n grow_v in_o divers_a garden_n in_o oxford_n and_o bear_v their_o fruit_n to_o perfect_a ripeness_n it_o order_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o tree_n must_v be_v set_v against_o a_o south_n wall_n and_o be_v spread_v up_o with_o nail_n and_o leather_n these_o tree_n be_v increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o old_a tree_n draw_v up_o the_o small_a sucker_n and_o plant_v they_o or_o the_o cut_n of_o it_o will_v grow_v as_o of_o a_o vine_n tree_n these_o need_v neither_o inoculate_v nor_o graft_a some_o author_n affirm_v that_o there_o have_v be_v vine-yard_n in_o england_n in_o former_a time_n though_o they_o be_v all_o destroy_v long_o since_o grape_n 8_o of_o grape_n divers_a place_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o vine-yard_n still_o at_o bromwell_n abbey_n in_o norfolk_n and_o at_o elie_n in_o cambridg-shiere_n what_o else_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o old_a rhyme_n quatuor_fw-la sunt_fw-la eliae_fw-la lanterna_fw-la capella_n mariae_fw-la et_fw-la molendinum_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la dans_fw-fr vinea_fw-la vinum_fw-la english_v thus_o four_o thing_n of_o elie_n town_n much_o speak_v be_v the_o leaden_a lantern_n mary_n chapel_n rare_a the_o mighty_a milhill_n in_o the_o minster_n field_n and_o fruitful_a vineyard_n which_o sweet_a wine_n do_v yield_v and_o doubtless_o man_n may_v plant_v vine_n with_o good_a success_n to_o make_v good_a wine_n even_o with_o we_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o vine_n but_o i_o know_v none_o so_o good_a and_o fit_a for_o our_o climate_n as_o the_o parsley_n vine_n we_o see_v by_o experience_n yearly_a it_o bear_v abundance_n of_o fruit_n unto_o perfection_n and_o whosoever_o will_v plant_v vine_n in_o england_n i_o think_v he_o can_v meet_v with_o a_o better_a kind_n than_o the_o parsley_n vine_n both_o for_o bear_v and_o goodness_n the_o fox_n grape_n be_v a_o fair_a large_a fruit_n and_o a_o very_a great_a bearer_n though_o not_o of_o so_o much_o esteem_v as_o divers_a other_o the_o red_a and_o white_a muskadine_n grape_n be_v a_o excellent_a fruit_n and_o if_o the_o vine_n grow_v upon_o a_o south_n wall_n and_o be_v well_o order_v they_o bear_v store_n of_o good_a fruit_n i_o know_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o quince_n quince_n 9_o of_o quince_n the_o english_a and_o portugal_n quince_n the_o portugal_n quince_n i_o esteem_v as_o the_o better_a both_o for_o bear_v and_o use_v these_o be_v increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o old_a tree_n sucker_n must_v be_v draw_v up_o and_o set_v in_o the_o nursery_n or_o in_o other_o convenient_a place_n which_o be_v grow_v up_o must_v be_v graft_v with_o some_o graft_n from_o old_a bear_v tree_n but_o the_o custom_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o nurse_n they_o up_o without_o graft_v and_o so_o order_v they_o be_v long_o ere_o they_o come_v to_o bear_v fruit_n therefore_o i_o advise_v to_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v they_o with_o graft_n or_o bud_n from_o old_a bear_v tree_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o mulberrie-tree_n mulberry_n 10_o of_o mulberry_n with_o we_o in_o england_n the_o black_a and_o the_o white_a as_o for_o the_o white_a i_o never_o see_v any_o of_o its_o fruit_n they_o very_o seldone_v bear_v any_o with_o we_o but_o the_o black_a mulberry-tree_n never_o fail_v of_o fruit_n after_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o these_o tree_n be_v not_o increase_v by_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v but_o by_o cut_n from_o the_o branch_n or_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n cut_v a_o bough_n off_o as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n arm_n and_o after_o cut_v it_o in_o small_a truncheon_n or_o piece_n a_o yard_n long_o or_o more_o lay_v these_o in_o the_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a only_o the_o one_o end_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o hand_n breadth_n or_o two_o or_o thereabouts_o and_o keep_v the_o earth_n moist_a with_o some_o good_a fat_a water_n from_o a_o stand_a pool_n or_o dunghill_n and_o clean_o from_o weed_n and_o the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n usual_o these_o piece_n spring_v up_o with_o several_a shoot_n all_o which_o may_v be_v cut_v off_o with_o some_o small_a root_n and_o plant_v at_o a_o fit_a distance_n and_o the_o old_a root_n will_v yearly_o send_v out_o more_o which_o may_v either_o be_v cut_v off_o as_o before_o or_o else_o bow_v down_o and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n on_o one_o or_o several_a side_n which_o will_v take_v root_n and_o multiply_v abundant_o and_o in_o a_o few_o year_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v transplant_v these_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v of_o least_o esteem_n with_o we_o meddler_n 11._o of_o meddler_n yet_o some_o like_o they_o well_o be_v ripe_a and_o almost_o rot_v the_o tree_n be_v increase_v by_o sucker_n from_o the_o root_n and_o need_v not_o graft_v nor_o inoculate_v but_o if_o the_o fruit_n be_v small_a then_o get_v some_o bud_n or_o graft_n from_o those_o tree_n which_o bear_v large_a fruit_n and_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v upon_o small_a plant_n or_o upon_o the_o small_a bough_n of_o great_a tree_n according_a to_o direction_n give_v walnut-tree_n be_v propagate_v from_o the_o nut_n walnut_n 12._o of_o walnut_n which_o may_v be_v set_v from_o the_o time_n of_o ripeness_n until_o the_o spring_n a_o inch_n deep_a or_o little_o more_o and_o afterward_o transplant_v and_o set_v at_o a_o very_a great_a distance_n 24_o or_o 30_o yard_n asunder_o for_o they_o be_v very_o large_a spread_a tree_n be_v sure_a to_o choose_v of_o the_o best_a nut_n to_o set_v the_o fair_a nut_n and_o thin_a shell_n and_o good_a bearer_n thus_o much_o brief_o concern_v the_o best_a bear_v tree_n and_o how_o they_o be_v propagate_v as_o for_o those_o fruit-tree_n which_o bear_v but_o little_a or_o no_o fruit_n bearer_n graft_n old_a tree_n if_o bad_a bearer_n by_o reason_n that_o graft_n and_o bud_n be_v not_o choose_v from_o good_a bear_v kind_n wherewith_o they_o be_v engraft_v i_o advise_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v such_o again_o though_o great_a and_o old_a tree_n such_o who_o bough_n be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n hand-wrist_n or_o small_a may_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o graft_v in_o the_o cleft_n with_o a_o couple_n of_o good_a graft_n of_o good_a bear_v kind_n but_o such_o branch_n as_o be_v very_o great_a i_o shall_v rather_o cut_v off_o a_o convenient_a height_n from_o the_o ground_n a_o slope-wise_a that_o no_o wet_a may_v rest_v upon_o the_o top_n and_o then_o after_o a_o year_n or_o two_o to_o graft_v the_o small_a shoot_v or_o branch_n that_o be_v put_v forth_o or_o some_o of_o they_o this_o be_v a_o better_a course_n then_o to_o graft_v such_o great_a branch_n for_o that_o moisture_n will_v get_v into_o the_o top_n and_o rot_v the_o branch_n and_o perhaps_o the_o body_n too_o ere_o the_o graft_n can_v cover_v such_o great_a head_n as_o concern_v arbour_n seat_n etc._n etc._n in_o orchard_n and_o garden_n i_o advise_v man_n to_o make_v they_o of_o fruit-tree_n fruit-tree_n make_v arbour_n of_o fruit-tree_n rather_o than_o of_o privet_fw-la or_o other_o ramble_a stuff_n which_o yield_v no_o profit_n but_o only_o for_o shade_n if_o you_o make_v they_o of_o cherry_n tree_n plum-tree_n or_o the_o like_a there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o advantage_n for_o shade_n and_o all_o the_o fruit_n superad_v all_o that_o can_v be_v object_v be_v that_o fruit-tree_n be_v long_o in_o grow_v up_o then_o privet_fw-la virgin-bower_n or_o the_o like_a whereof_o arbour_n be_v common_o make_v it_o be_v answer_v though_o fruit-tree_n be_v something_o long_o in_o cover_v a_o arbour_n than_o some_o other_o thing_n yet_o they_o make_v sufficient_a amends_o in_o their_o last_a and_o bear_v fruit_n tree_n of_o transplant_n tree_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v some_o rule_n concern_v transplant_n young_a plant_n after_o a_o year_n growth_n or_o more_o whether_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v the_o time_n for_o this_o work_n in_o general_a be_v in_o autumn_n when_o tree_n have_v do_v grow_v and_o that_o be_v divers_a week_n before_o the_o leave_v fall_v stay_v not_o as_o the_o custom_n be_v till_o november_n or_o after_o before_o you_o transplant_v for_o the_o best_a time_n be_v about_o the_o late_a end_n of_o september_n but_o because_o some_o tree_n be_v ready_a for_o transplant_n soon_o than_o other_o observe_v this_o rule_n immediate_o after_o plant_n have_v do_v grow_v its_o best_a to_o transplant_v they_o and_o when_o they_o have_v do_v grow_v may_v be_v see_v by_o