its_o narcotic_a virtue_n yield_v themselves_o to_o be_v handle_v and_o take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n by_o such_o as_o have_v their_o hand_n anoint_v with_o it_o doubtless_o he_o that_o can_v get_v the_o oil_n of_o such_o a_o osprey_n as_o they_o talk_v of_o may_v work_v wonder_n with_o it_o §._o iii_o of_o the_o black_a eagle_n call_v melanaëtus_n or_o aquila_n valeria_n we_o see_v a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n keep_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o cage_n in_o the_o colour_n stadt-house_n of_o middleburgh_n in_o zealand_n it_o be_v double_a the_o bigness_n of_o a_o raven_n but_o lesser_a than_o the_o pygarg_fw-mi the_o jaw_n and_o eyelid_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n and_o somewhat_o red_a the_o head_n neck_n and_o breast_n black_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n between_o the_o shoulder_n be_v a_o large_a triangular_a white_a spot_n dash_v with_o red_a the_o rump_n red_a the_o lesser_a order_n or_o row_n of_o feather_n in_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o buzzard_n colour_n then_o follow_v a_o black_a stroke_n or_o bar_n across_o the_o prime_a feather_n after_o that_o a_o white_a one_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n to_o the_o tip_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o beak_n be_v less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o pygarg_n black_a at_o the_o end_n then_o yellow_a as_o far_o as_o beak_n the_o sear_n or_o skin_n cover_v its_o base_a which_o be_v red_a the_o eye_n understand_v the_o irides_fw-la eye_n be_v of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o leg_n be_v feather_v down_o but_o a_o little_a below_o the_o knee_n leg_n the_o naked_a part_n be_v red_a the_o talon_n very_o long_o those_o bird_n which_o aldrovandus_n have_v set_v forth_o for_o melanaëti_n or_o black_a eagle_n although_o we_o they_o differ_v in_o some_o mark_n from_o this_o here_o describe_v as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o bluish_a horny_a colour_n of_o the_o beak_n in_o the_o dark_a ferrugineous_a colour_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n and_o that_o their_o leg_n be_v almost_o whole_o cover_v with_o feather_n scarce_o a_o inch_n remain_v bare_a and_o that_o yellow_a yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o species_n there_o be_v in_o the_o rapacious_a kind_n a_o great_a difference_n for_o the_o most_o part_n between_o cock_n and_o hen_n in_o point_n of_o magnitude_n and_o colour_n the_o colour_n also_o in_o the_o same_o sex_n vary_v very_o much_o by_o age_n and_o other_o accident_n of_o the_o place_n of_o this_o bird_n its_o food_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v build_v its_o nest_n egg_n condition_n etc._n etc._n we_o have_v nothing_o certain_a it_o be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o its_o black_a colour_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o leporaria_n from_o kill_v of_o hare_n and_o in_o latin_a aquila_n valeria_n from_o its_o strength_n and_o valour_n §._o iv._o of_o the_o pygarg_n or_o white-tailed_a eagle_n call_v pygargus_fw-la and_o albicilla_n and_o by_o some_o hinnularia_fw-la it_o be_v call_v pygargus_fw-la from_o the_o whiteness_n of_o its_o rump_n or_o train_n which_o word_n gaza_n render_v in_o latin_a albicilla_n name_n the_o male_a which_o we_o describe_v be_v for_o bigness_n not_o much_o inferior_a to_o a_o turkey_n bigness_n it_o weigh_v eight_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a it_n be_v like_a the_o female_a in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o bird_n of_o weight_n prey_n may_v be_v big_a and_o more_o weighty_a it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o length_n end_n of_o the_o train_n be_v two_o foot_n and_o nine_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o talon_n two_o foot_n and_o five_o inch_n the_o distance_n from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o seven_o foot_n want_v breadth_n but_o one_o inch_n or_o two_o yard_n and_o eleven_o inch_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o nostril_n be_v near_o two_o inch_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n three_o to_o the_o eye_n almost_o so_o beak_n much_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o beak_n a_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n the_o hook_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a mandible_a over-hanging_a the_o low_a three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o nostril_n nares_n oblique_a and_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o the_o second_o or_o middle_a bone_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o three_o or_o lowermost_a no_o more_o than_o three_o and_o a_o half_a the_o colour_n beak_n of_o the_o beak_n be_v yellow_a and_o also_o of_o the_o sear_n or_o skin_n cover_v its_o basis_n as_o far_o as_o the_o nostril_n in_o the_o palate_n it_o have_v a_o cavity_n equal_a to_o the_o tongue_n the_o tongue_n broad_a eye_n fleshly_a black_a at_o the_o tip_n the_o side_n or_o edge_n of_o the_o beak_n sharp_a the_o eye_n great_a withdraw_v or_o sink_v in_o the_o head_n overhung_a and_o defend_v by_o eyebrow_n prominent_a like_o the_o eve_n of_o a_o house_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o a_o pale_a hazel_n colour_n in_o one_o bird_n which_o we_o see_v of_o this_o sort_n they_o be_v red_a in_o another_o yellow_a the_o foot_n be_v yellow_a in_o the_o foot_n sole_n be_v callous_a rough_a knob_n or_o fleshy_a protuberance_n as_o in_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n the_o talon_n large_a sharp_a and_o crooked_a that_o of_o the_o back-toe_n as_o general_o in_o most_o talon_n bird_n be_v great_a that_o of_o the_o middle_a toe_n a_o inch_n long_o the_o toe_n itself_o be_v two_o inch_n the_o head_n be_v pale_a or_o whitish_a the_o feather_n be_v sharp-pointed_a and_o their_o shaft_n body_n black_a the_o neck_n cover_v with_o narrow_a feather_n the_o upper_a part_n thereof_o something_o red_a the_o rump_n blackish_a else_o the_o whole_a body_n round_o of_o a_o dark_a ferrugineous_a colour_n the_o number_n of_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o six_o or_o twenty_o seven_o whereof_o the_o three_o and_o four_o be_v the_o long_a the_o second_v short_a by_o half_a a_o inch_n wing-feather_n than_o the_o three_o and_o the_o first_o by_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a than_o the_o second_o the_o wing_n wing_n when_o close_v reach_v not_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o train_n of_o the_o pinion_v feather_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o flag_n they_o make_v quill_n for_o virginal_n and_o very_o good_a write_v pen_n all_o the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a the_o lesser_a row_n of_o the_o wing-feather_n have_v their_o edge_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o tail_n be_v eleven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o train_n of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o upper_a or_o extreme_a part_n for_o above_o half_a way_n be_v white_a the_o low_a black_a the_o extreme_a or_o outmost_a feather_n be_v short_a the_o rest_n gradual_o long_o to_o the_o middlemost_a it_o have_v a_o large_a gall_n long_a testicle_n small_a gut_n have_v many_o revolution_n and_o be_v gut_n by_o measure_n one_o hundred_o thirty_o two_o inch_n or_o eleven_o foot_n long_o a_o small_a stomach_n above_o which_o the_o gullet_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o bag_n granulate_v on_o the_o inside_n with_o many_o small_a protuberancy_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v glandule_n and_o which_o be_v squeeze_v a_o little_a yield_v a_o kind_n of_o pap_n or_o slime_n serve_v it_o be_v like_a as_o a_o menstruum_fw-la to_o help_n macerate_v the_o meat_n in_o the_o stomach_n it_o have_v a_o vast_a craw_n small_a short_a appendix_n or_o blind_a gut_n viz._n not_o more_o than_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o this_o bird_n shoot_v dead_a by_o a_o certain_a fowler_n we_o buy_v and_o describe_v at_o venice_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o and_o from_o the_o white_a ring_n about_o the_o tail_n denominate_v it_o pygargus_fw-la it_o differ_v from_o that_o we_o have_v entitle_v the_o golden_a eagle_n with_o a_o white_a ring_n about_o its_o tail_n chief_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o head_n and_o beak_n so_o that_o i_o suspect_v it_o may_v be_v the_o same_o as_o also_o with_o the_o golden_a eagle_n of_o aldrovandus_n notwithstanding_o the_o white_a colour_n of_o the_o train_n which_o perchance_o may_v alter_v with_o age_n yet_o it_o differ_v also_o from_o it_o in_o other_o accident_n as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o yellow_a colour_n of_o the_o beak_n if_o these_o three_o bird_n be_v not_o the_o same_o yet_o be_v they_o very_o like_a and_o near_a of_o kin_n to_o one_o another_o perchance_o the_o only_a difference_n may_v be_v in_o age_n or_o sex_n the_o pygargus_fw-la of_o beak_n aldrovandus_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o different_a kind_n which_o he_o describe_v in_o aldrovand_n these_o word_n it_o be_v of_o a_o mean_a magnitude_n as_o big_a as_o a_o large_a dunghil-cock_n the_o bill_n all_o over_o yellow_a hook_a and_o bend_v by_o little_a and_o little_a from_o the_o very_a root_n to_o the_o utmost_a tip_n or_o
note_n of_o vulture_n be_v 1._o that_o for_o bigness_n they_o be_v equal_a to_o or_o exceed_v eagle_n 2._o that_o their_o beak_n be_v not_o present_o from_o their_o first_o rise_n from_o the_o forehead_n crooked_a and_o bend_a but_o after_o about_o two_o inch_n continue_v straightness_n which_o gesner_n say_v he_o himself_o have_v observe_v in_o many_o sort_n of_o vulture_n 3._o that_o they_o have_v a_o excellent_a sagacity_n of_o smell_v above_o all_o other_o bird_n so_o that_o they_o can_v perceive_v the_o savour_n of_o dead_a carcase_n from_o far_o many_o mile_n off_o they_o say_v 4._o the_o ancient_n have_v deliver_v that_o they_o be_v content_v only_o with_o dead_a carcase_n abstain_v from_o the_o ravine_n and_o slaughter_n of_o live_a animal_n but_o bellonius_fw-la gesner_n and_o other_o of_o the_o modern_n affirm_v that_o they_o pursue_v live_v bird_n and_o prey_n upon_o live_a fawn_n hare_n kid_n lamb_n etc._n etc._n 5._o that_o they_o have_v the_o neck_n for_o the_o most_o part_n bare_a of_o feather_n 6._o bellonius_fw-la assert_n that_o among_o all_o rapacious_a and_o hook-billed_a bird_n vulture_n only_o assemble_v and_o fly_v together_o in_o flock_n and_o that_o himself_o see_v great_a flight_n of_o they_o of_o not_o few_o than_o fifty_o in_o each_o when_o he_o travel_v from_o cairo_n to_o mount_n sinai_n hence_o that_o observation_n of_o aristotle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v prove_v not_o to_o hold_v general_o true_a in_o all_o rapacious_a bird_n 7._o that_o their_o leg_n be_v feather_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n by_o which_o note_v bellonius_fw-la think_v they_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o bird_n of_o prey_n but_o neither_o be_v this_o note_n common_a to_o all_o vulture_n bellonius_fw-la himself_n represent_v some_o with_o naked_a leg_n nor_o proper_a to_o the_o vulturine_a kind_n but_o also_o common_a to_o some_o eagle_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o figure_n and_o description_n 8._o that_o under_o their_o throat_n they_o have_v a_o space_n of_o about_o a_o hand-breadth_n clothe_v rather_o with_o hair_n like_v to_o those_o of_o a_o calf_n than_o with_o feather_n which_o note_n we_o find_v to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o vulture_n keep_v in_o the_o royal_a aviary_n in_o st._n james_n park_n london_n 9_o that_o the_o craw_n hang_v down_o like_o a_o bag_n before_o the_o stomach_n or_o breast_n which_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o venetian_a vulture_n or_o gypaëtos_n describe_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n 10._o that_o the_o female_a contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o bird_n of_o prey_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o male_a in_o bigness_n 11._o that_o all_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o soft_a fleece_n of_o down_o which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o vulture_n alone_o among_o rapacious_a bird_n what_o be_v deliver_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o vulture_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v no_o male_n find_v among_o they_o that_o the_o female_n be_v impregnate_v by_o the_o wind_n that_o they_o bring_v not_o forth_o egg_n but_o live_v young_a etc._n etc._n be_v altogether_o false_a and_o frivolous_a scarce_o worth_a the_o mention_v much_o less_o the_o refute_v among_o the_o mark_n hitherto_o reckon_v up_o the_o most_o proper_a characteristic_n of_o a_o vulture_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v that_o of_o have_v its_o neck_n bare_a of_o destitute_a of_o feather_n and_o only_o cover_v with_o a_o down_n those_o two_o i_o be_o sure_a which_o alone_o we_o have_v happen_v to_o see_v have_v not_o only_o their_o neck_n but_o their_o head_n also_o bare_a cover_v only_o with_o a_o short_a white_a down_o chap._n v._n §._o 1._o *_o of_o several_a of_o vulture_n aldrovandus_n out_o of_o bellonius_fw-la and_o gesner_n set_v forth_o six_o several_a sort_n of_o vulture_n 1._o the_o cinereous_a or_o ash-coloured_a vulture_n vulture_n 2._o the_o black_a vulture_n of_o which_o he_o say_v he_o wonder_v why_o bellonius_fw-la who_o boast_v that_o he_o have_v so_o great_a opportunity_n and_o facility_n of_o see_v and_o get_v divers_a sort_n shall_v give_v no_o perfect_a description_n neither_o of_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o but_o only_o set_v forth_o a_o figure_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o agree_v to_o what_o he_o write_v of_o vulture_n in_o general_a viz._n that_o they_o all_o have_v rough_a leg_n whole_o feather_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n and_o do_v by_o this_o mark_n differ_v from_o eagle_n it_o be_v represent_v with_o naked_a leg_n 3._o the_o chesnut-coloured_n vulture_n boeticus_fw-la which_o bellonius_fw-la thus_o describe_v it_o be_v describe_v somewhat_o less_o than_o a_o eagle_n have_v the_o feather_n of_o its_o neck_n back_o belly_n and_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o chesnut-colour_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o black_a vulture_n the_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o train_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o those_o of_o the_o black_n both_o this_o and_o the_o black_a have_v short_a tail_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o very_a long_a wing_n these_o do_v not_o as_o in_o other_o rapacious_a fowl_n follow_v the_o nature_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o wing_n but_o rather_o as_o in_o woodpecker_n be_v find_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o their_o point_n break_v and_o shatter_a which_o be_v a_o sign_n they_o wear_v and_o break_v they_o by_o rub_v against_o the_o rock_n where_o they_o harbour_v and_o build_v their_o nest_n the_o chestnut_n or_o white_a vulture_n be_v more_o rare_a to_o be_v see_v than_o the_o black_a and_o have_v this_o peculiar_a to_o they_o that_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o their_o head_n be_v very_o short_a if_o compare_v to_o eagle_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o some_o have_v think_v they_o bald_a they_o have_v short_a leg_n cover_v all_o over_o with_o feather_n down_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o toe_n which_o note_n be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o not_o agree_v to_o any_o other_o rapacious_a hook-billed_a bird_n beside_o the_o nocturnal_a one_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o neck_n in_o these_o baetic_a vulture_n be_v very_o narrow_a and_o long_a like_o those_o that_o hang_v down_o about_o the_o neck_n of_o dunghil-cock_n and_o stare_v if_o compare_v with_o the_o rest_n which_o cover_v the_o back_n wing_n and_o side_n which_o be_v small_a and_o broad_a like_o scale_n but_o those_o which_o cover_v the_o back_n stomach_n belly_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o rump_n in_o the_o baetic_a vulture_n be_v red_a in_o the_o black_a one_o black_a but_o in_o both_o pretty_a broad_a 4._o the_o hare-vulture_n leporarium_fw-la so_o call_v from_o prey_v upon_o hare_n of_o which_o hare-vulture_n gesner_n write_v after_o this_o manner_n it_o have_v not_o so_o lion-colour_n fulvous_a a_o breast_n as_o our_o golden_a vulture_n and_o be_v inferior_a to_o it_o in_o magnitude_n george_n fabricius_n the_o ornament_n of_o germany_n send_v i_o its_o figure_n with_o this_o description_n add_v the_o vulture_n which_o the_o german_n call_v ein_fw-mi hasengyr_n have_v a_o hook_a black_a bill_n foul_a eye_n a_o firm_a great_a body_n broad_a wing_n a_o long_a straight_a train_n a_o dark_a red_a colour_n and_o yellow_a foot_n stand_v or_o sit_v it_o rear_v up_o a_o crest_n upon_o its_o head_n as_o if_o it_o be_v horn_v which_o appear_v not_o in_o fly_v the_o wing_n extend_v exceed_v the_o measure_n of_o a_o fathom_n orgyiae_fw-la in_o walk_v it_o step_v or_o pace_n two_o palm_n hand-breadth_n it_o pursue_v all_o sort_n of_o bird_n of_o beast_n it_o catch_v and_o prey_v upon_o hare_n coney_n fox_n fawn_n it_o also_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o fish_n it_o will_v not_o be_v make_v tame_a it_o pursue_v its_o prey_n not_o only_o by_o fly_v but_o also_o by_o run_v it_o fly_v with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o noise_n it_o build_v in_o thick_a and_o desert_a wood_n upon_o the_o high_a tree_n it_o feed_v upon_o the_o flesh_n and_o entrail_n of_o animal_n not_o abstain_v from_o dead_a carcase_n it_o can_v endure_v hunger_n or_o abide_v without_o meat_n fourteen_o day_n although_o it_o be_v most_o voracious_a 5._o the_o golden_a vulture_n of_o which_o gesner_n thus_o view_v the_o skin_n of_o the_o golden_a describe_v vulture_n send_v i_o once_o out_o of_o the_o alpine_a country_n of_o the_o grison_n rhaetia_n the_o beak_n and_o leg_n yet_o stick_v to_o it_o i_o thus_o describe_v it_o this_o vulture_n have_v many_o thing_n common_a with_o that_o kind_n of_o alpine_a eagle_n who_o figure_n and_o description_n we_o place_v first_o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o eagle_n but_o be_v every_o way_n or_o in_o all_o part_n great_a from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n three_o foot_n and_o nine_o inch_n or_o somewhat_o less_o the_o length_n of_o the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o far_o as_o the_o open_n of_o
aldrovandus_n for_o satisfaction_n we_o have_v a_o sort_n of_o bastard_n hawk_n common_a enough_o among_o we_o call_v the_o boccarel_n and_o its_o tarcel_n the_o boccaret_fw-la §._o xii_o the_o crest_v indian_n falcon._n this_o bird_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o east-indies_n we_o see_v in_o the_o royal_a aviary_n in_o st._n james_n neck_n park_n near_o westminster_n and_o thus_o describe_v it_o for_o bigness_n it_o be_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o a_o goshawk_n the_o head_n flat_a black_a cop_v the_o crest_n hang_v down_o backward_o from_o the_o hind_a part_n of_o the_o head_n like_o a_o lapwing_n but_o fork_a the_o neck_n red_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a the_o alternate_a cross_a beak_n line_n be_v very_o bright_a and_o fair_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n yellow_a the_o beak_n of_o a_o deep_a or_o dark_a blue_a almost_o black_a especial_o towards_o the_o point_n for_o the_o base_a be_v cover_v with_o a_o yellow_a membrane_n the_o leg_n feather_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n the_o foot_n train_n yellow_a the_o talon_n of_o a_o dark_a black_a the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n have_v whitish_a edge_n the_o train_n be_v vary_v with_o transverse_a space_n or_o bed_n of_o black_a and_o cinereous_a alternate_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a §._o xiii_o *_o the_o lanner_n who_o tarcel_n be_v call_v the_o lanneret_n bellonius_fw-la his_o description_n of_o it_o the_o lanner_n be_v less_o than_o the_o gentile_a falcon_n adorn_v with_o fair_a feather_n and_o in_o that_o breast_n respect_n more_o beautiful_a than_o the_o sacre_n the_o most_o sure_a and_o undoubted_a note_n whereby_o one_o may_v distinguish_v a_o lanner_n from_o other_o hawk_n be_v these_o that_o it_o have_v blue_a beak_n leg_n and_o foot_n the_o anteriour_a or_o breast-feather_n particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a the_o black_a mark_n or_o line_n not_o cross_v the_o feather_n but_o draw_v long-way_n down_o the_o middle_n of_o 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colour_n of_o the_o feather_n both_o male_a and_o female_a have_v short_a male._n leg_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o falcon_n carcanus_fw-la his_o description_n differ_v in_o some_o thing_n from_o this_o of_o bellonius_fw-la which_o we_o shall_v therefore_o subjoin_v the_o head_n of_o all_o lanners_n be_v whole_o yellow_a with_o a_o flat_a mew_v crown_n the_o eye_n black_a and_o great_a the_o nostril_n for_o the_o most_o part_n small_a the_o beak_n short_a and_o thick_a lesser_a than_o that_o of_o a_o peregrine_n falcon_n and_o also_o than_o that_o of_o a_o mountain_n of_o a_o blue_a colour_n the_o breast_n yellow_a spot_v with_o a_o few_o thin-set_a ferrugineous_a spot_n the_o back_n like_o a_o peregrine_n falcon_n the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n spot_v as_o it_o be_v with_o round_a white_a eye_n the_o wing_n and_o train_n long_o the_o leg_n short_a the_o foot_n much_o lesser_a than_o a_o peregrine_n and_o blue_a of_o colour_n in_o those_o that_o be_v mew_v the_o whole_a head_n be_v tincture_v with_o yellow_a as_o far_o as_o the_o shoulder_n but_o incline_v to_o red_a and_o vary_v with_o certain_a slender_a line_n the_o back_n be_v blue_a cross_v with_o black_a line_n and_o some_o golden_a the_o breast_n of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a and_o without_o any_o spot_n but_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o thigh_n be_v vary_v with_o a_o few_o cross_a line_n the_o foot_n in_o these_o which_o be_v blue_a be_v change_v into_o yellow_a the_o sore_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v very_o hardly_o distinguish_v from_o those_o that_o be_v mew_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v call_v lanarius_fw-la à _fw-la laniando_fw-la i._n e._n from_o tear_v it_o be_v of_o a_o gentle_a nature_n game_n of_o a_o docile_a and_o tractable_a disposition_n as_o bellonius_fw-la write_v very_o fit_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o game_n as_o well_o waterfowl_n as_o land_n for_o it_o catch_v not_o only_a pie_n quail_n partridge_n crow_n pheasant_n etc._n etc._n but_o also_o duck_n yea_o and_o crane_n too_o be_v train_v up_o thereto_o by_o humane_a industry_n all_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o french_a lanner_n for_o the_o italian_a describe_v by_o carcanus_fw-la be_v of_o no_o worth_a or_o use_n carcanus_fw-la write_v that_o he_o can_v never_o so_o train_v they_o up_o as_o to_o make_v they_o good_a for_o aught_o the_o lanner_n abide_v all_o the_o year_n in_o france_n be_v see_v there_o as_o well_o in_o winter_n as_o in_o place_n summer_n contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o rapacious_a bird_n §._o fourteen_o the_o hobby_n subbuteo_n aldrov_n the_o bird_n we_o describe_v be_v a_o female_a and_o weigh_v nine_o ounce_n the_o length_n length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v thirteen_o inch_n the_o breadth_n or_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v two_o foot_n and_o eight_o breadth_n inch_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o nostril_n be_v something_o more_o than_o half_a a_o inch._n the_o beak_n like_o that_o of_o a_o kestrel_n the_o upper_a mandible_a prominent_a hook_a beak_n semicircular_a the_o base_a cover_v with_o a_o yellow_a skin_n or_o sear_n the_o part_n next_o the_o skin_n white_a the_o rest_n of_o a_o dark_a blue_a it_o have_v also_o a_o tooth_n or_o angle_n on_o each_o side_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o hook_a part_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o a_o hollow_a dent_n or_o nick_n in_o the_o low_a chap._n the_o tongue_n broad_a and_o a_o little_a cleave_v or_o divide_v the_o palate_n withinside_o tongue_n black_a and_o have_v a_o cavity_n impress_v to_o receive_v the_o tongue_n the_o nostril_n round_o eye_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o eyelid_n yellow_a as_o for_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o plumage_n above_o each_o eye_n pass_v a_o line_n of_o a_o clay-colour_n feather_n ex_fw-la ruffo_fw-la albicans_fw-la the_o feather_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n have_v their_o shaft_n or_o middle_a part_n black_a their_o border_n of_o a_o deep_a chesnut_n those_o on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n again_o be_v of_o a_o clay-colour_n the_o back_n and_o wing_n of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o cinereous_a black_a those_o on_o the_o rump_n and_o the_o lesser_a pinion_v feather_n be_v light_a the_o great_a pinion_v feather_n and_o those_o on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n dark_a the_o chin_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o throat_n be_v white_a with_o a_o dash_n of_o yellow_a bird_n to_o this_o white_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o head_n on_o each_o side_n two_o line_n one_o from_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o mouth_n the_o other_o from_o the_o hinder_a part_n or_o noddle_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v red_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o belly_n and_o breast_n clothe_v with_o feather_n spot_v with_o black_a in_o the_o middle_n and_o have_v their_o edge_n white_a the_o thigh_n red_a spot_v with_o black_a but_o the_o spot_n less_o than_o those_o on_o the_o breast_n the_o number_n wing-feather_n of_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n twenty_o four_o whereof_o the_o second_o the_o long_a the_o extreme_a or_o outmost_a have_v their_o tip_n black_a all_o of_o they_o their_o interior_a web_n vary_v with_o transverse_a clay-coloured_n spot_n the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a curious_o paint_v with_o round_a spot_n of_o white_a dilute_v with_o red_a the_o tail_n as_o in_o all_o of_o this_o kind_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o middlemost_a train_n whereof_o be_v the_o long_a and_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n short_a to_o the_o two_o outermost_a which_o be_v the_o short_a the_o length_n of_o the_o middlemost_a be_v about_o five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a these_o be_v on_o both_o side_n their_o shaft_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o colour_n the_o rest_n have_v their_o interior_a vane_n mark_v
with_o transverse_a red_a spot_n the_o utmost_a tip_n be_v whitish_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v yellow_a the_o middle_a and_o outmost_a toe_n connect_v as_o in_o talon_n other_o of_o this_o kind_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o talon_n as_o black_a as_o jet_v it_o have_v a_o great_a gall_n the_o length_n of_o the_o gut_n be_v two_o foot_n lack_v a_o inch_n the_o entrail_n appendix_n or_o blind_a gut_n short_a beside_o which_o it_o have_v another_o single_a appendix_n or_o process_n which_o be_v we_o suppose_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ductus_fw-la intestinalis_fw-la shrink_v up_o the_o hobby_n be_v a_o bird_n of_o passage_n yet_o breed_v with_o we_o in_o england_n it_o be_v game_n be_v chief_o game_n lark_n for_o the_o catch_n of_o which_o bird_n our_o fowler_n make_v use_v of_o it_o thus_o the_o spaniel_n range_v the_o field_n to_o find_v the_o bird_n the_o hobby_n they_o let_v off_o and_o accustom_v to_o soar_v aloft_o in_o the_o air_n over_o they_o the_o lark_n espy_v their_o capital_a enemy_n dare_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v use_n of_o their_o wing_n but_o lie_v as_o close_v and_o flat_a upon_o the_o ground_n as_o they_o can_v and_o so_o be_v easy_o take_v in_o the_o net_n they_o draw_v over_o they_o this_o kind_n of_o sport_n be_v call_v dare_v lark_n of_o lark_n to_o catch_v these_o hawk_n the_o fowler_n take_v a_o lark_n and_o have_v blind_v she_o and_o fasten_v hobby_n lime-twig_n to_o her_o leg_n let_v she_o fly_v where_o they_o see_v the_o hobby_n be_v which_o strike_v at_o the_o lark_n be_v entangle_v with_o the_o lime-twig_n the_o bird_n be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o lesser_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o buteo_n name_n which_o pliny_n render_v in_o latin_a subbuteo_n it_o be_v call_v in_o english_a hobby_n after_o the_o french_a name_n §._o xv._n the_o kestrel_n stannel_n or_o stonegall_a in_o latin_a tinnunculus_fw-la or_o cenchris_n the_o female_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pigeon_n that_o we_o describe_v weigh_v nine_o breadth_n ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o train_n be_v fourteen_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n its_o breadth_n or_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a the_o beak_n short_a prominent_a hook_a and_o beak_n sharp-pointed_a the_o base_a of_o the_o upper_a chap_n cover_v with_o a_o skin_n or_o membrane_n in_o which_o be_v the_o nostril_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o beak_n next_o the_o sear_n be_v white_a the_o rest_n of_o a_o dark_a blue_a where_o it_o begin_v to_o bend_v it_o have_v a_o tooth_n or_o angle_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o a_o dent_n or_o cavity_n in_o the_o low_a chap._n the_o nostril_n round_o the_o tongue_n cleave_v mouth_n the_o eyelid_n yellow_a the_o eye_n defend_v by_o prominent_a brow_n it_o have_v a_o wide_a mouth_n and_o the_o palate_n blue_a the_o head_n be_v great_a the_o crown_n broad_a and_o flat_a incline_v to_o a_o ash-colour_n and_o head_n mark_v with_o narrow_a black_a line_n along_o the_o shaft_n of_o each_o feather_n the_o back_n shoulder_n and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o wing_n ferrugineous_a mark_v with_o black_a back_n spot_n viz._n each_o feather_n be_v red_a have_v a_o black_a spot_n towards_o the_o tip_n the_o rump_n be_v cinereous_a have_v the_o like_a transverse_n black_a spot_n the_o low_a or_o nether_a side_n of_o the_o side_n body_n that_o be_v the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a red_a or_o ferrugineous_a vary_v with_o black_a line_n draw_v downward_o along_o the_o shaft_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o chin_n and_o low_a belly_n without_o spot_n the_o flag-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n twenty_o four_o the_o exterior_a of_o which_o wing-feather_n be_v of_o a_o brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n but_o their_o interior_a vane_n be_v partly_o of_o a_o red_a white_a indent_v with_o the_o brown_a like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o saw_n the_o six_o or_o seven_o next_o to_o the_o body_n be_v red_a have_v their_o interior_a vane_n mark_v with_o transverse_a brown_a stroke_n the_o inner_a or_o under_o side_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a with_o black_a spot_n the_o train_n make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n be_v above_o seven_o inch_n long_o the_o outmost_a train_n feather_n short_a the_o rest_n in_o order_n gradual_o long_o to_o the_o middlemost_a the_o utmost_a tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o rusty_a white_a then_o succeed_v a_o black_a bar_n or_o ring_n of_o a_o inch_n broad_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o rusty_a ash-colour_n mark_v with_o transverse_a black_a spot_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a and_o the_o talon_n black_a inward_o it_o have_v a_o gall._n in_o the_o stomach_n we_o find_v beetle_n and_o fur_n of_o mouse_n the_o length_n of_o the_o gut_n be_v twenty_o eight_o inch_n the_o single_a blind_a gut_n appendix_n intestinalis_fw-la be_v twice_o as_o long_o as_o the_o low_a appendix_n or_o blind_a gut_n the_o male_a or_o tarcel_n differ_v female_a from_o the_o female_a chief_o in_o be_v less_o and_o have_v the_o head_n and_o back_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n kestrel_n be_v wont_n common_o with_o we_o in_o england_n to_o be_v reclaim_v and_o train_v up_o for_o fowl_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o rapacious_a bird_n they_o catch_v not_o only_o small_a bird_n game_n but_o also_o young_a partridge_n they_o build_v in_o hollow_a oak_n and_o other_o tree_n and_o that_o not_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o generation_n crow_n upon_o the_o bough_n but_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o jackdaw_n always_o in_o hole_n as_o turner_n say_v he_o himself_o observe_v aristotle_n make_v the_o kestrel_n the_o most_o fruitful_a or_o best_a breeder_n among_o bird_n of_o prey_n yet_o neither_o do_v she_o say_v he_o lay_v more_o egg_n than_o four_o at_o once_o her_o egg_n be_v whitish_a all_o over_o stain_v very_o thick_a with_o red_a spot_n whence_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n write_v that_o they_o be_v red_a like_o vermilion_n indeed_o they_o deserve_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v red_a than_o white_a it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v millet_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v the_o millet-bird_n name_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o gesner_n think_v that_o a_o kind_n of_o tetter_n the_o swine-pox_n be_v call_v herpes_n miliaris_fw-la because_o it_o be_v mark_v or_o motle_v with_o speck_n like_o millet_n seed_n this_o bird_n be_v by_o some_o call_v the_o wind-hove_a of_o which_o name_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o give_v a_o account_n §._o xvi_o the_o merlin_n call_v in_o latin_a aesalon_n bellonius_n have_v record_v that_o the_o merlin_n be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o those_o bird_n our_o falconer_n bigness_n use_v for_o hawk_v and_o true_o if_o we_o except_o only_o the_o matagesse_n or_o great_a butcher-bird_n which_o be_v sometime_o reclaim_v for_o small_a bird_n so_o it_o be_v it_o be_v not_o much_o big_a than_o a_o black_a bird_n the_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n in_o that_o we_o breadth_n describe_v be_v fourteen_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n twelve_o and_o a_o half_a the_o beak_n be_v blue_a and_o have_v a_o angular_a appendix_n or_o tooth_n on_o each_o side_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o train_n eye_n of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o back_n and_o upper_a part_n be_v particoloured_a of_o a_o dark_a blue_a and_o a_o ferrugineous_a the_o shaft_n and_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n and_o wing_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n blue_a the_o flag-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a with_o ferrugineous_a spot_n the_o train_z sive_z inch_n long_o of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o blackish_a with_o transverse_a talon_n white_a bar_n of_o these_o black_a and_o white_a space_n be_v fourteen_o in_o all_o in_o the_o female_a in_o the_o male_a or_o tarcel_n but_o ten_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o rusty_a white_a with_o brown_a spot_n not_o transverse_a but_o tend_v downward_o from_o the_o head_n towards_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n be_v long_o slender_a and_o yellow_a the_o talon_n black_a below_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o ring_n of_o yellowish_a white_a encircle_v the_o head_n like_o a_o coronet_n in_o the_o old_a bird_n the_o back_n grow_v bluer_n as_o in_o other_o falcon_n in_o the_o male_n the_o feather_n on_o the_o rump_n next_o the_o tail_n be_v bluer_n by_o which_o note_n and_o female_a their_o bigness_n falconer_n discern_v the_o sex_n for_o the_o female_a in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o bird_n of_o prey_n be_v great_a than_o the_o male_n be_v for_o colour_n less_o red_a with_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o
four_o or_o crest_a bird_n of_o paradise_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n it_o be_v by_o measure_n full_a eighteen_o inch_n the_o bill_n for_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o body_n be_v very_o long_o black_a and_o somewhat_o hook_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o wing_n be_v black_a yet_o at_o the_o join_n of_o the_o bill_n yellow_a it_o have_v a_o crest_n or_o cop_z near_o the_o neck_n almost_o three_o inch_n high_a rigid_a of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o consist_v rather_o of_o bristle_n than_o feather_n and_o in_o that_o chief_o do_v it_o differ_v from_o the_o follow_a bird_n §._o v._o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o five_o or_o common_a bird_n of_o paradise_n this_o gesner_n also_o have_v figure_v but_o not_o describe_v only_o he_o say_v it_o be_v very_o like_o that_o which_o be_v former_o grave_v and_o publish_v by_o itself_o at_o nurenbergh_n in_o germany_n to_o the_o icon_n whereof_o he_o say_v these_o word_n be_v add_v the_o bird_n of_o paradise_n or_o indian_a footless_a apos_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o song-thrush_n wonderful_a light_n and_o very_a long-winged_n the_o feather_n be_v rare_a tender_a and_o pervious_a to_o the_o light_n have_v beside_o two_o long_a slender_a black_a horny_a feather_n if_o they_o may_v be_v call_v feather_n and_o not_o rather_o bristle_n for_o they_o be_v bare_a of_o filament_n it_o have_v no_o foot_n fly_v perpetual_o nor_o do_v it_o ever_o rest_n but_o hang_v in_o some_o tree_n by_o those_o long_a string_n or_o bristle_n twine_v about_o a_o bough_n no_o ship_n sail_v so_o swift_o nor_o so_o far_o from_o the_o continent_n which_o it_o do_v not_o fly_v round_o about_o this_o cut_n be_v very_o like_a to_o our_o last_o describe_v but_o they_o differ_v much_o in_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o head_n gesner_n figure_n show_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v little_a and_o the_o low_a chap_n crooked_a whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_n as_o i_o say_v in_o we_o the_o bill_n be_v very_o long_o and_o the_o upper_a chap_n crooked_a beside_o this_o have_v no_o crest_n which_o be_v a_o manifest_a argument_n of_o diversity_n §._o vi_o *_o the_o king_n of_o bird_n of_o paradise_n marggrav_n it_o show_v to_o be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o pigeon_n but_o be_v indeed_o not_o great_a than_o a_o swallow_n it_o have_v a_o small_a head_n little_a eye_n a_o straight_a indifferent_o thick_a and_o sharp_a bill_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a the_o neck_n be_v a_o inch_n long_o the_o length_n of_o the_o body_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o tail_n scarce_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o wing_n be_v above_o seven_o inch_n long_o the_o tail_n broad_a and_o six_o inch_n long_o it_o have_v two_o leg_n the_o low_a part_n of_o each_o two_o inch_n long_o four_o toe_n in_o the_o foot_n three_o stand_v forward_o and_o one_o backward_o after_o the_o usnal_a manner_n the_o middle_a foretoe_n be_v a_o little_a long_o than_o the_o rest_n the_o back-toe_n be_v also_o of_o a_o good_a length_n all_o arm_a with_o strong_a crooked_a hawk-like_a claw_n both_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v thick_a and_o strong_a make_v for_o rapine_n and_o prey_v the_o wing_n and_o tail_n have_v broad_a and_o strong_a feather_n a_o inch_n wide_a the_o whole_a back_n tbe_n low_a belly_n the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o elegant_a brown_a colour_n brunni_n above_o next_o the_o bill_n it_o have_v feather_n resemble_v velvet_n mingle_v of_o green_a and_o dusky_a beneath_o next_o the_o bill_n it_o have_v like_o feather_n of_o a_o black_a colour_n the_o neck_n above_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a or_o gold_n colour_n beneath_o of_o a_o green_a with_o a_o gold-colour_n as_o it_o be_v shine_v through_o it_o the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a brown_a under_o the_o wing_n in_o the_o side_n between_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o leg_n grow_v many_o feather_n a_o foot_n long_o more_o or_o less_o of_o a_o curious_a structure_n which_o run_v forth_o a_o great_a way_n upon_o the_o tail_n towards_o their_o rise_n they_o be_v of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a or_o gold_n colour_n else_o of_o a_o whitish_a yellow_a shadow_v or_o dash_v with_o brown_a among_o these_o feather_n be_v extend_v two_o as_o it_o be_v thread_n or_o string_n each_o more_o than_o two_o foot_n long_o near_o their_o rise_n of_o a_o yellow_a or_o gold_n colour_n crooked_a towards_o their_o end_n and_o of_o a_o dark_a brown_a their_o leg_n be_v dusky_a their_o talon_n be_v white_a the_o bill_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n mix_v of_o green_a and_o blue_a yet_o whitish_a towards_o the_o point_n §_o vii_o *_o marggravius_n he_o other_o bird_n of_o paradise_n in_o bigness_n it_o exceed_v a_o swallow_n it_o have_v a_o small_a head_n a_o little_a compress_a or_o flat_o above_o two_o three_o of_o a_o inch_n long_o in_o thickness_n or_o compass_v two_o inch_n very_a lit-eye_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o grain_n of_o millet_n or_o mustard_n seed_n the_o bill_n strong_a above_o a_o inch_n long_o straight_o yet_o upward_o towards_o its_o base_a somewhat_o rise_v sharp_a of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o blue_a and_o green_a with_o a_o oblong_o white_a spot_n in_o the_o upper_a chap_n towards_o the_o point_n wide_a open_a nostril_n the_o neck_n a_o little_a more_o than_o two_o three_o of_o a_o inch_n long_o straight_o and_o of_o equal_a thickness_n with_o the_o head_n the_o body_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v scarce_o four_o inch_n long_o the_o thickness_n almost_o three_o but_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o many_o feather_n which_o i_o do_v not_o here_o consider_v the_o length_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v five_o inch_n above_o on_o the_o head_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o bill_n it_o be_v adorn_v with_o very_o black_a small_a downy_a feather_n exact_o resemble_v velvet_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n near_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o low_a bill_n the_o black_a here_o be_v broad_a than_o above_o in_o the_o whole_a throat_n or_o low_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o as_o far_o as_o the_o cheek_n and_o also_o to_o the_o eye_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o silken_a feather_n a_o little_a hard_o to_o the_o touch_n than_o those_o black_a one_o of_o a_o most_o elegant_a golden_a green_a such_o as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o peacock_n and_o mallards_n the_o whole_a upper_a part_n of_o the_o head_n as_o far_o as_o that_o silken_a clothing_n be_v also_o cover_v with_o silken_a feather_n but_o hard_o to_o the_o touch_n of_o a_o dark_a yellow_a colour_n the_o whole_a neck_n encompass_v with_o short_a feather_n resemble_v plush_n of_o a_o shine_a yellow_a colour_n like_o gold_n the_o back_n be_v all_o cover_v with_o feather_n of_o the_o like_a shine_a golden_a yellow_a to_o the_o touch_n resemble_v hair_n lie_v many_o one_o upon_o another_o which_o below_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a brown_a colour_n the_o wing-feather_n be_v all_o one_o long_o than_o another_o the_o tail_n consist_v of_o a_o few_o the_o like_a brown_a feather_n extend_v a_o little_a beyond_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o be_v above_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a at_o the_o very_a rise_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o without_o the_o wing_n in_o each_o side_n grow_v many_o very_a elegant_a feather_n support_v by_o small_a white_a one_o some_o of_o these_o be_v six_o inch_n long_o some_o a_o foot_n but_o the_o middlemost_a and_o long_a be_v a_o foot_n and_o half_a long_a and_o white_a all_o these_o feather_n be_v most_o elegant_a of_o a_o fine_a thin_a rare_a or_o subtle_a texture_n the_o number_n of_o feather_n spring_v out_o of_o both_o side_n amount_v to_o about_o fifty_o in_o each_o among_o which_o there_o be_v forty_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a long_o apiece_o clusius_n and_o other_o who_o take_v these_o long_a feather_n to_o belong_v to_o the_o wing_n be_v mistake_v for_o they_o be_v not_o the_o wing-feather_n but_o as_o marggravius_n true_o have_v deliver_v spring_v out_o of_o each_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n these_o 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whole_a body_n be_v fulvous_a or_o of_o a_o rusty_a ash-colour_n especial_o of_o the_o breast_n where_o it_o be_v mark_v with_o blackish_a spot_n draw_v long-way_n promiscuous_o here_o and_o there_o in_o no_o order_n the_o back_n and_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o ferrugineous_a dusky_a colour_n but_o the_o main_a difference_n be_v that_o that_o of_o gesner_n have_v all_o the_o particular_a feather_n of_o its_o whole_a body_n more_o variegated_a with_o certain_a transverse_n narrow_a line_n like_o the_o feather_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o duck_n partridge_n and_o hawk_n beside_o it_o differ_v in_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o especial_o the_o back_n and_o head_n be_v mark_v with_o certain_a black_a strike_v irregular_o draw_v and_o as_o it_o be_v figure_v whereas_o i_o say_v he_o be_v not_o so_o paint_v but_o in_o the_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n distinguish_v with_o broad_a transverse_a blackish_a line_n or_o bar_n which_o line_n be_v so_o form_v especial_o in_o the_o tail_n that_o each_o of_o the_o broad_a be_v terminate_v above_o and_o below_o by_o other_o narrow_a one_o like_o border_n or_o fringe_n dispose_v in_o a_o triple_a order_n and_o at_o certain_a interval_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o as_o in_o hawk_n this_o have_v great_a and_o very_o sharp_a talon_n not_o black_a as_o in_o that_o but_o of_o a_o horn-colour_n the_o tail_n in_o both_o be_v very_o short_a 3._o the_o three_o be_v in_o all_o thing_n like_o the_o second_o save_v that_o the_o leg_n be_v not_o hairy_a and_o both_o leg_n and_o foot_n weak_a of_o this_o kind_n of_o owl_n we_o see_v one_o in_o france_n at_o the_o king_n palace_n of_o bois_n de_fw-fr vincennes_n and_o two_o in_o his_o majesty_n park_n of_o st._n james_n near_o westminster_n they_o be_v as_o big_a as_o eagle_n their_o leg_n and_o foot_n hairy_a down_o to_o the_o claw_n they_o have_v three_o fore-toe_n in_o each_o foot_n but_o the_o outmost_a of_o they_o be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o can_v be_v turn_v backward_o and_o make_v stand_v like_o a_o hind-toe_n so_o that_o in_o that_o respect_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o this_o and_o other_o sort_n of_o owl_n but_o this_o may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v to_o have_v two_o back_n toe_n as_o they_o whatever_o aldrovandus_n have_v deliver_v to_o the_o contrary_n their_o colour_n be_v much_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o bittour_n the_o feather_n be_v mark_v with_o long_a black_a stroke_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o outside_n of_o a_o light_a bay_n about_o the_o belly_n some_o of_o the_o feather_n be_v beautify_v with_o transverse_a line_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o red_a yellow_a or_o flame_n colour_n rather_o of_o a_o golden_a that_o owl_n which_o marggravius_n describe_v under_o the_o name_n of_o jacurutu_fw-la of_o the_o brasilian_n seem_v to_o be_v altogether_o the_o same_o with_o this_o it_o be_v say_v he_o for_o bigness_n equal_a to_o a_o goose_n have_v a_o round_a head_n like_o a_o cat_n a_o 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bastard-wing_n a_o broad_a bed_n or_o border_n of_o black_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v particoloured_a of_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a and_o yellow_a the_o back_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o wing_n the_o middle_n of_o each_o feather_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n black_a the_o horn_n be_v above_o a_o inch_n long_o consist_v of_o six_o feather_n the_o middle_a ear_n part_n of_o which_o be_v black_a the_o exterior_a edge_n be_v red_a the_o interior_a white_a sprink_v with_o dusky_a speck_n the_o tail_n be_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n six_o inch_n long_o the_o exterior_a being_n tail_n short_a and_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n long_o to_o the_o middlemost_a so_o that_o when_o spread_v it_o be_v terminate_v in_o a_o circular_a circumference_n cross_v with_o six_o or_o seven_o black_a bar_n but_o narrow_a than_o in_o other_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o intermediate_v space_n above_o be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n below_o of_o a_o 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like_o the_o precedent_n and_o of_o equal_a bigness_n from_o which_o yet_o it_o be_v distinguish_v precedent_n by_o manifest_a note_n and_o which_o argue_v a_o specifical_a difference_n the_o chief_a of_o those_o be_v 1._o that_o this_o be_v grey_a that_o brown_a 2._o that_o this_o have_v long_a spot_n on_o the_o breast_n which_o that_o want_n 3._o that_o the_o interior_a hood_n in_o this_o be_v particoloured_a only_o of_o dusky_a and_o white_a §._o iii_o the_o common_a barn-owl_n or_o white-owl_n or_o church-owl_n aluco_fw-la minor_fw-la aldrov_n the_o cock_n which_o we_o describe_v be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pigeon_n weigh_v measure_n eleven_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v fourteen_o inch_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v out_o three_o foot_n and_o one_o inch_n and_o half_a the_o bill_n white_a hook_a at_o the_o end_n bill_n more_o than_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a the_o tongue_n a_o little_a divide_v at_o the_o tip_n the_o nostril_n tongue_n oblong_v a_o circle_n or_o wreath_n of_o white_a soft_a downy_a feather_n encompass_v with_o hood_n yellow_a one_o begin_v from_o the_o nostril_n on_o each_o side_n pass_v round_o the_o eye_n and_o under_o the_o chin_n somewhat_o resemble_v a_o black_a hood_n such_o as_o woman_n use_v to_o wear_v so_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v sink_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o these_o feather_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o pit_n or_o valley_n at_o the_o interior_a angle_n of_o each_o eye_n the_o low_a part_n of_o these_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o tawny_a colour_n the_o ear_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o valve_n which_o arise_v near_o ear-valve_a the_o eye_n and_o fall_v backward_o the_o interior_a circle_n we_o mention_v of_o white_a downy_a feather_n pass_v just_a over_o this_o valve_n so_o that_o part_n of_o they_o grow_v out_o of_o it_o the_o breast_n belly_n and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a body_n mark_v with_o a_o few_o quadrangular_a dark_a spot_n the_o head_n neck_n and_o back_o as_o far_o as_o the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n various_o and_o of_o all_o night-bird_n most_o elegant_o colour_v the_o feather_n towards_o the_o tip_n be_v wave_v with_o small_a whitish_a and_o blackish_a line_n resemble_v a_o grey_a colour_n but_o about_o the_o shaft_n of_o each_o feather_n there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bed_n or_o row_v of_o black_a and_o white_a spot_n situate_a long-way_n make_v up_o in_o some_o of_o two_o white_a and_o two_o black_a spot_n in_o some_o of_o three_o of_o each_o colour_n in_o some_o of_o but_o one_o else_o the_o whole_a plumage_n be_v of_o a_o dilute_a tawny_a or_o orange_n colour_n which_o same_o colour_n be_v also_o the_o field_n or_o ground_n in_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n the_o master-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n twenty_o four_o whereof_o the_o wing-feather_n great_a have_v four_o transverse_v blackish_a bar_n in_o these_o bar_n in_o the_o exterior_a vane_n of_o the_o feather_n there_o be_v also_o white_a mingle_v with_o the_o black_a which_o make_v a_o appearance_n of_o a_o grey_a spot_n the_o intermediate_v space_n be_v fulvous_a and_o powder_v with_o small_a black_a speck_n the_o tip_n of_o these_o feather_n incline_v more_o to_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o wing_n when_o shut_v up_o extend_v full_a as_o far_o or_o further_o than_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n in_o the_o exterior_a vane_n of_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a feather_n of_o each_o wing_n the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n pinnulae_fw-la be_v not_o contiguous_a one_o to_o another_o but_o stand_v at_o distance_n like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o fine_a comb._n the_o tail_n be_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o wing_n have_v four_o transverse_a black_a bar_n four_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a the_o interior_a margin_n of_o the_o feather_n both_o of_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v white_a the_o leg_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o thick_a down_o to_o the_o foot_n but_o the_o toe_n be_v only_o hairy_a toe_n the_o hair_n also_o thin-set_a the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n be_v serrate_v on_o the_o inside_n as_o in_o heron_n but_o not_o so_o manifest_o it_o have_v but_o one_o toe_n that_o stand_v backward_o but_o the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n may_v be_v turn_v so_o as_o to_o stand_v a_o little_a backward_o the_o gut_n be_v eighteen_o inch_n long_o the_o blind_a gut_n but_o two_o it_o have_v a_o large_a gall_n gut_n its_o egg_n be_v white_a aldrovandus_n his_o description_n agree_v exact_o with_o we_o the_o eye_n in_o this_o bird_n and_o i_o suppose_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v of_o a_o strange_a and_o singular_a structure_n that_o part_n which_o appear_v
outward_o and_o lay_v two_o or_o three_o egg_n like_v to_o pigeon_n without_o any_o make_a nest_n as_o marggravius_n say_v lerius_fw-la affirm_v that_o they_o do_v build_v nest_n sufficient_o firm_a and_o hard_o of_o a_o round_a orbicular_a figure_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o do_v not_o hang_v their_o nest_n upon_o the_o slender_a twig_n of_o tree_n as_o cadamustus_fw-la and_o other_o have_v deliver_v for_o that_o bird_n which_o hang_v its_o nest_n on_o this_o fashion_n call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n guira_n tangeima_fw-la as_o marggravius_n write_v be_v much_o different_a from_o the_o parrot_n though_o you_o touch_v her_o egg_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o parrot_n forsake_v they_o but_o hatch_v they_o notwithstanding_o parrot_n be_v make_v of_o several_a colour_n by_o the_o brasil_n tapuyae_n by_o pluck_v they_o when_o they_o be_v young_a and_o then_o stain_v their_o skin_n with_o divers_a colour_n these_o the_o portague_n call_v counterfeit_a parrot_n which_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v true_a for_o to_o i_o indeed_o it_o seem_v not_o probable_a it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o distinguish_v parrot_n by_o the_o diversity_n of_o colour_n since_o therein_o they_o may_v vary_v infinite_o in_o all_o parrot_n that_o i_o have_v hitherto_o observe_v the_o nostril_n be_v round_o situate_a in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a chap_n close_o by_o the_o feather_n and_o very_o near_a one_o to_o another_o parrot_n in_o respect_n of_o bigness_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n viz._n the_o great_a meansized_n and_o least_o the_o great_a be_v equal_a in_o bigness_n to_o our_o common_a raven_n or_o as_o aldrovandus_n say_v to_o a_o well-fed_a capon_n and_o have_v long_a tail_n in_o english_a they_o be_v call_v macaos_n and_o cockatoon_n the_o middle_a or_o meansized_a and_o most_o common_a parrot_n be_v as_o big_a or_o big_a than_o a_o pigeon_n have_v short_a tail_n and_o be_v call_v in_o english_a parrot_n and_o poppinjaye_n the_o lest_o be_v of_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o blackbird_n or_o a_o lark_n have_v very_o long_a tail_n and_o be_v call_v in_o english_a parakeeto_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o parrot_n call_v maccaws_n and_o cockatoon_n §._o i._o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o great_a blue_a and_o yellow_a maccaw_n the_o body_n of_o this_o equal_v a_o well-fed_a capon_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v two_o cubit_n long_o the_o bill_n hook_v and_o in_o that_o measure_n that_o it_o make_v a_o exact_a semicircle_n be_v outward_o conform_v into_o the_o perfect_a roundness_n of_o half_a a_o ring_n a_o full_a palm_n long_o and_o where_o it_o begin_v as_o thick_a within_o half_a a_o inch_n if_o you_o measure_v both_o mandible_n the_o upper_a mandible_a be_v almost_o two_o inch_n long_o than_o the_o nether_a which_o on_o the_o low_a side_n downward_o be_v convex_a and_o round_a the_o whole_a bill_n be_v black_a the_o eye_n white_a and_o black_a three_o black_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o neck_n represent_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o letter_n s_o lie_v compass_z the_o eye_n underneath_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v flat_a and_o of_o a_o green_a colour_n the_o throat_n adorn_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o black_a ring_n the_o breast_n belly_n thigh_n rump_n and_o tail_n underneath_o all_o of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n the_o neck_n above_o back_o wing_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a blue_a or_o azure_n the_o tail_n eighteen_o inch_n long_o more_o or_o less_o the_o leg_n very_o short_a thick_a and_o of_o a_o dusky_a or_o dark_a colour_n as_o be_v also_o the_o foot_n the_o toe_n long_o arm_v with_o great_a crooked_a black_a talon_n §._o ii_o *_o the_o other_o maccaw_n or_o macao_n of_o aldrovandus_n this_o be_v nothing_o less_o than_o the_o forego_n of_o the_o same_o length_n but_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v so_o thick-bodied_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v short_a than_o the_o precedent_n be_v not_o draw_v out_o into_o so_o long_a a_o hook_n yet_o almost_o three_o inch_n long_o and_o as_o many_o broad_a where_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o head_n the_o upper_a chap_n be_v white_a the_o nether_a black_a the_o region_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o temple_n be_v white_a the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n more_o than_o a_o palm_n long_o and_o flat_a the_o back_n begin_v of_o the_o wing_n throat_n breast_n belly_n thigh_n and_o final_o the_o whole_a tail_n above_o be_v beautify_v with_o a_o most_o lovely_a colour_n scarlet_n or_o red_a colour_n as_o be_v also_o the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o flag-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o second_o row_n of_o the_o covert_a wing-feather_n be_v yellow_a with_o scarlet_a edge_n each_o adorn_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o eye_n of_o blue_a near_o the_o tip_n the_o outer_a surface_n of_o the_o flag-feather_n and_o the_o rump_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o tail_n underneath_o tinctured_a with_o a_o deep_a blue_a the_o leg_n be_v short_a the_o foot_n divide_v into_o long_a toe_n arm_v with_o crooked_a claw_n both_o of_o a_o duskish_a or_o dark_a ash-colour_n §._o iii_o a_o maccaw_n describe_v at_o london_n the_o same_o i_o suppose_v with_o the_o precedent_n call_v by_o marggrav_n araracanga_n at_o london_n we_o observe_v and_o describe_v a_o certain_a macao_n either_o the_o same_o with_o the_o precedent_n i_o mean_v in_o kind_n or_o very_o like_v it_o it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o bigness_n have_v a_o huge_a bill_n the_o upper_a mandible_a be_v almost_o whole_o white_a the_o low_a black_a the_o skin_n about_o the_o eye_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n and_o rough_a or_o rugged_a the_o whole_a head_n breast_n and_o belly_n red_z like_v minium_n the_o wing_n and_o tail_n particoloured_a of_o red_a yellow_a and_o blue_a the_o tail_n of_o a_o great_a length_n especial_o the_o two_o middlemost_a feather_n which_o do_v much_o exceed_v the_o rest_n and_o be_v of_o a_o blue_a colour_n i_o take_v that_o which_o marggravius_n describe_v book_n 5._o chap._n 9_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o this_o let_v the_o reader_n compare_v the_o description_n his_o run_v thus_o it_o be_v big_a than_o our_o common_a araracanga_n raven_n have_v a_o great_a head_n broad_a and_o flat_o above_o fair_a *_o grey_n eye_n *_o coesius_fw-la with_o a_o black_a pupil_n a_o white_a membrane_n encompass_n the_o eye_n as_o also_o the_o jaw_n and_o low_a bill_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v that_o the_o skin_n thereabouts_o be_v white_a and_o bare_a of_o feather_n this_o under_o the_o eye_n be_v produce_v in_o a_o semilunar_a form_n the_o bill_n be_v great_a hook_a white_a above_o black_a underneath_o it_o have_v a_o tongue_n like_o a_o parrot_n and_o eat_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o learn_v also_o to_o pronounce_v some_o word_n the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n long_o broad_a or_o deep_a it_o have_v black_a leg_n and_o foot_n like_o a_o parrot_n the_o whole_a head_n neck_n breast_n belly_n thigh_n and_o tail_n underneath_o as_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wing_n above_o be_v clothe_v with_o most_o lovely_a and_o elegant_a red_a feather_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v adorn_v with_o green_a and_o the_o low_a half_o of_o they_o from_o the_o middle_n to_o the_o end_n with_o blue_a the_o rump_n or_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n and_o the_o tail_n be_v blue_a some_o brown_a feather_n be_v also_o intermingle_v the_o tail_n be_v about_o ten_o inch_n long_o run_v out_o much_o beyond_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n §._o iv._o *_o the_o macao_n call_v ararauna_n by_o the_o brasilian_n marggrav_n the_o same_o with_o aldrov_n his_o first_o it_o be_v in_o shape_n like_o the_o precedent_n but_o of_o a_o different_a colour_n it_o be_v bill_n black_a eye_n grey_a pupil_n black_a the_o skin_n about_o the_o eye_n white_a variegated_a with_o black_a as_o if_o it_o be_v wrought_v with_o a_o needle_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n dusky_a fusca_fw-la the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n above_o the_o bill_n have_v a_o copple_n or_o tuft_n of_o green_a feather_n under_o the_o low_a bill_n black_a feather_n compass_v the_o throat_n the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o whole_a breast_n and_o low_a belly_n be_v cover_v with_o yellow_a feather_n the_o hinder_a or_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o head_n the_o backside_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o whole_a back_o and_o outside_n of_o the_o wing_n with_o blue_a the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n have_v yellow_a feather_n mingle_v with_o the_o blue_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o long_a blue_a feather_n wherewith_o some_o yellow_a one_o be_v mingle_v the_o inner_a or_o underside_n of_o all_o the_o blue_a feather_n in_o general_n be_v black_a these_o feather_n do_v also_o cast_v a_o show_n of_o blackness_n from_o their_o side_n upon_o
it_o have_v four_o toe_n two_o stand_v forward_o two_o backward_o after_o the_o manner_n or_o parrot_n it_o cry_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n in_o one_o tone_n yiiiiy_a in_o the_o middle_n more_o elevate_v they_o be_v frequent_a in_o all_o wood_n but_o not_o good_a to_o eat_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o bird_n with_o straight_a or_o less_o hook_a bill_n the_o first_o section_n of_o great_a bird_n chap._n i._o bird_n with_o thick_a straight_o and_o large_a bill_n these_o either_o feed_v indifferent_o upon_o infect_v and_o fruit_n some_o of_o they_o also_o be_v carnivorous_a and_o rapacious_a be_v very_o greedy_a of_o dead_a carcase_n and_o carrion_n or_o upon_o infect_v only_a the_o first_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o such_o who_o body_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o one_o colour_n and_o that_o black_a which_o we_o call_v the_o crow-kind_n or_o such_o who_o body_n be_v particoloured_a and_o who_o chatter_v much_o viz._n the_o pie-kind_n of_o those_o which_o feed_v upon_o infect_v only_o there_o be_v but_o one_o family_n to_o wit_n woodpeckers_a yet_o the_o reader_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o when_o we_o affirm_v woodpecker_n to_o feed_v only_o upon_o infect_v we_o understand_v woodpecker_n proper_o and_o strict_o so_o call_v for_o there_o be_v some_o bird_n which_o we_o have_v refer_v to_o this_o genus_fw-la of_o woodpecker_n large_o take_v which_o feed_v also_o upon_o fruit_n as_o for_o example_n the_o nuthatch_n wall-creeper_n etc._n etc._n chap._n ii_o bird_n of_o the_o crow-kind_n §._o i._o the_o raven_n call_v in_o latin_a corvus_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o bird_n we_o describe_v weigh_v two_o pound_n and_o two_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o breadth_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v two_o foot_n and_o one_o inch_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v four_o foot_n and_o half_a a_o inch_n the_o bill_n long_o thick_a sharp_a and_o very_o black_a the_o upper_a chap_n something_o tongue_n hook_v but_o not_o so_o as_o in_o hawk_n the_o low_a straight_o the_o tongue_n broad_a cleave_v at_o the_o tip_n rough_a and_o black_a underneath_o the_o iris_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o ring_n encircle_v the_o eye_n pupil_n consist_v as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o double_a circle_n the_o exterior_a be_v of_o a_o light_n cinereous_a or_o ash-colour_n the_o interior_a of_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a black_a hair_n or_o bristle_n bend_v from_o the_o head_n downward_o cover_v the_o nostril_n the_o plumage_n be_v black_a all_o over_o the_o body_n feather_n have_v a_o blue_a splendour_n or_o gloss_n which_o be_v see_v especial_o in_o the_o tail_n and_o wing_n the_o belly_n be_v something_o pale_a incline_v to_o brown_a on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o grow_v only_o downy_a feather_n for_o the_o back_n be_v cover_v with_o those_o long_a feather_n that_o spring_v from_o the_o shoulder_n as_o in_o many_o other_o bird_n the_o number_n of_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n quill_n be_v twenty_o of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v short_a than_o the_o second_o the_o second_o than_o the_o three_o and_o that_o than_o the_o four_o which_o be_v the_o long_a of_o all_o in_o all_o from_o the_o six_o to_o the_o eighteen_o the_o shaft_n extend_v further_a than_o the_o vane_n and_o end_n in_o a_o sharp_a point_n the_o tail_n be_v about_o nine_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o exterior_a be_v tail_n gradual_o somewhat_o short_a than_o the_o interior_a it_o have_v large_a crooked_a claw_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o back-toe_n the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n toe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a from_o the_o divarication_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n it_o have_v a_o large_a gall_n stick_v to_o the_o gut_n entrail_n the_o length_n of_o the_o gut_n be_v forty_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o blind-gut_n one_o inch_n the_o gullet_n below_o the_o bill_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o bag_n wherein_o she_o bring_v meat_n to_o feed_v she_o young_a the_o stomach_n within_o be_v wrinkle_v the_o raven_n feed_v not_o only_o upon_o food_n fruit_n and_o infect_v but_o also_o upon_o the_o carcase_n of_o beast_n bird_n and_o fish_n moreover_o it_o set_v upon_o kills_z and_o devour_v live_v bird_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o hawk_n we_o have_v see_v one_o or_o two_o milkwhite_a raven_n aldrovandus_n mention_n divers_a and_o raven_n say_v that_o they_o be_v often_o find_v in_o england_n but_o without_o doubt_n he_o be_v mistake_v or_o misinform_v for_o they_o be_v seldom_o see_v among_o we_o insomuch_o that_o they_o be_v carry_v up_o and_o down_o to_o be_v show_v for_o money_n i_o rather_o think_v that_o they_o be_v find_v in_o those_o mountainous_a or_o northern_a country_n which_o be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n cover_v with_o snow_n where_o also_o many_o other_o animal_n change_v their_o native_a colour_n and_o become_v white_a as_o bear_n fox_n hare_n blackbird_n etc._n etc._n whether_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o force_n of_o the_o imagination_n heighten_v by_o the_o constant_a intuition_n of_o snow_n or_o from_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o climate_n occasion_v such_o a_o languish_a of_o colour_n as_o we_o see_v in_o old_a age_n when_o the_o natural_a heat_n decay_v the_o hair_n grow_v grey_a and_o at_o last_o white_a they_o say_v that_o a_o raven_n may_v be_v reclaim_v and_o train_v up_o for_o fowl_v after_o the_o manner_n place_n of_o a_o hawk_n raven_n be_v find_v not_o only_o in_o one_o part_n or_o region_n of_o the_o world_n but_o abound_v in_o all_o country_n do_v easy_o bear_v all_o change_n of_o weather_n fear_v neither_o heat_n nor_o cold_a endure_v well_o to_o abide_v and_o live_v wherever_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o meat_n for_o they_o and_o though_o they_o be_v say_v to_o love_v solitude_n yet_o do_v they_o very_o often_o live_v and_o build_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o most_o populous_a city_n as_o aldrovandus_n deliver_v and_o experience_n confirm_v they_o build_v in_o high_a tree_n or_o old_a tower_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n with_o we_o in_o england_n and_o sometime_o soon_o they_o lay_v four_o or_o five_o and_o sometime_o six_o egg_n before_o they_o begin_v to_o sit_v their_o egg_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a greenish_a blue_a full_a of_o black_a spot_n and_o line_n what_o be_v report_v by_o hesiod_n and_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_n of_o the_o long_a life_n of_o raven_n longevity_n be_v without_o doubt_n fabulous_a but_o that_o all_o bird_n in_o general_n compare_v with_o quadruped_n be_v long-lived_a we_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o divers_a example_n in_o several_a kind_n and_o that_o raven_n be_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o long_a live_v we_o will_v not_o deny_v §._o ii_o the_o common_a or_o carrion_a crow_n cornix_n the_o cock_n which_o we_o describe_v weigh_v twenty_o two_o ounce_n another_o but_o breadth_n twenty_o it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v eighteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n about_o a_o inch_n more_o its_o breadth_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v two_o foot_n and_o two_o inch_n the_o bill_n strong_a bill_n thick_a straight_o from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n two_o inch_n and_o almost_o a_o half_a long_a the_o low_a mandible_a be_v somewhat_o the_o short_a the_o tongue_n cleave_v and_o tongue_n as_o it_o be_v jagged_a or_o tear_v the_o eye_n great_a have_v irides_fw-la of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o eye_n nostril_n round_o cover_v with_o black_a bristle_n reflect_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bill_n nostril_n the_o plumage_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v black_a only_o the_o ground_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o feather_n colour_n of_o a_o lead_n or_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o beam-feather_n be_v in_o number_n twenty_o in_o each_o wing_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v short_a quill_n than_o the_o second_o the_o second_o than_o the_o three_o that_o than_o the_o four_o which_o be_v the_o long_a of_o all_o be_v by_o measure_n ten_o inch_n three_o quarter_n the_o inner_a of_o these_o feather_n end_v in_o sharp_a point_n the_o tail_n be_v seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o equal_a tail_n length_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n black_a the_o claw_n black_a and_o strong_a the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n be_v claw_n join_v to_o the_o middle_a one_o from_o the_o bottom_n as_o far_o as_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o liver_n divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n of_o which_o the_o right_a be_v the_o great_a it_o have_v a_o entrail_n large_a gall_n which_o empty_v itself_o by_o a_o double_a channel_n into_o the_o gut_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v
but_o small_a the_o gut_n have_v many_o revolution_n the_o blind_v no_o more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o scarce_o any_o foot-step_n to_o be_v find_v of_o the_o *_o ductus_fw-la intestinalis_fw-la channel_n convey_v the_o yolk_n to_o the_o gut_n this_o bird_n delight_v to_o feed_v upon_o carrion_n that_o be_v the_o carcase_n of_o dead_a animal_n food_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o putrefy_v neither_o do_v it_o feed_v only_o upon_o carrion_n but_o also_o set_v upon_o kill_z and_o devour_v live_a bird_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o raven_n moreover_o it_o eat_v grain_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o infect_v in_o england_n at_o least_o for_o beyond_o sea_n they_o say_v it_o meddle_v with_o no_o kind_n of_o grain_n this_o kind_n of_o bird_n abound_v with_o we_o in_o britain_n as_o cardan_n and_o turner_n true_o observe_v place_n because_o here_o be_v plenty_n of_o food_n for_o they_o they_o build_v upon_o high_a tree_n and_o lay_v four_o or_o build_v five_o egg_n at_o a_o time_n like_o raven_n but_o less_o they_o be_v very_o noisome_a to_o lamb_n new-yeaned_n if_o they_o be_v weak_a and_o feeble_a first_o pick_v out_o their_o eye_n they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o very_a sagacious_a send_v so_o that_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o shoot_v they_o they_o smell_v the_o gunpowder_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n raven_n crow_n etc._n etc._n roost_n as_o they_o say_v upon_o tree_n with_o their_o bill_n direct_v towards_o the_o sunrising_n that_o the_o crow_n itself_o say_v aldrovandus_n be_v capable_a of_o humane_a speech_n and_o have_v speak_v be_v teach_v to_o pronounce_v several_a word_n both_o we_o ourselves_o do_v certain_o know_v and_o pliny_n a_o witness_n beyond_o exception_n testify_v write_v thus_o there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n while_o i_o be_v record_v these_o thing_n a_o crow_n belong_v to_o a_o roman_a gentleman_n bring_v out_o of_o baetica_n first_o admirable_a for_o its_o colour_n which_o be_v exceed_v black_a then_o pronounce_v many_o word_n in_o connexion_n and_o still_o learning_n more_o and_o more_o as_o for_o its_o pace_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o those_o bird_n which_o neither_o run_v nor_o leap_v but_o walk_v aldrovandus_n the_o female_n only_o sit_v and_o that_o diligent_o the_o male_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n bring_v they_o hatch_v food_n as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o most_o other_o bird_n which_o pair_n together_o the_o male_a and_o female_a sit_v by_o turn_n they_o do_v not_o say_v aldrovandus_n as_o i_o hear_v feed_v their_o young_a till_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v feather_v the_o same_o also_o be_v report_v of_o raven_n and_o many_o other_o bird_n that_o be_v much_o on_o the_o wing_n you_o will_v say_v wherewithal_o be_v they_o nourish_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o how_o do_v they_o grow_v i_o answer_v with_o the_o yolk_n of_o the_o egg_n remain_v in_o the_o belly_n after_o exclusion_n for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o yolk_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o belly_n in_o bird_n new_o hatch_v which_o be_v by_o degree_n convey_v into_o the_o gut_n by_o a_o certain_a passage_n call_v by_o we_o ductus_fw-la intestinalis_fw-la serve_v to_o nourish_v the_o young_a new_o exclude_v §._o iii_o cornix_n frugivora_fw-la seu_fw-la frugilega_fw-la the_o rook._n it_o weigh_v nineteen_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o measure_n tail_n be_v twenty_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n eighteen_o the_o breadth_n or_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v thirty_o eight_o inch_n it_o have_v no_o craw_n but_o instead_o thereof_o the_o gullet_n below_o the_o bill_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o bag_n wherein_o it_o bring_v meat_n to_o feed_v its_o young_a in_o the_o old_a one_o of_o this_o sort_n the_o feather_n about_o the_o root_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o far_o as_o the_o eye_n bill_n be_v wear_v off_o by_o often_o thrust_v the_o bill_n into_o the_o ground_n to_o fetch_v out_o earthworm_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o flesh_n thereabouts_o be_v bare_a and_o appear_v of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n by_o which_o note_n this_o bird_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a crow_n howbeit_o the_o bill_n itself_o be_v not_o white_a as_o bellonius_fw-la write_v and_o other_o believe_v it_o differ_v also_o from_o the_o crow_n crow_n 2._o in_o that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o big_a 3._o in_o the_o purple_a splendour_n or_o gloss_n of_o its_o feather_n 4._o in_o that_o it_o be_v gregarious_a both_o fly_a and_o breed_n in_o company_n the_o number_n of_o beam-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o of_o which_o the_o four_o be_v the_o tail_n long_a be_v by_o measure_n ten_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n the_o shaft_n of_o the_o middle_a wing-feather_n end_v in_o bristle_n or_o spine_n the_o tail_n be_v seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o exterior_a whereof_o be_v a_o little_o short_a than_o the_o middle_a one_o the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a toe_n the_o nostril_n round_o the_o tongue_n black_a horny_a and_o cleave_v at_o the_o end_n the_o hind-toe_n have_v a_o large_a strong_a claw_n the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a as_o in_o the_o crow_n it_o have_v a_o large_a gall_n short_a blind-gut_n like_o the_o crow_n of_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n the_o stomach_n food_n be_v great_a and_o musculous_a as_o in_o granivorous_a bird_n the_o gut_n wide_a and_o various_o reflect_v they_o be_v most_o greedy_a of_o corn_n yet_o feed_v also_o upon_o earthworm_n and_o other_o infect_v refrain_v from_o garbage_n and_o carrion_n they_o build_v many_o together_o upon_o high_a tree_n about_o gentleman_n house_n who_o be_v breed_n much_o delight_v with_o the_o noise_n they_o make_v in_o breed_v time_n both_o cock_n and_o hen_n sit_v by_o turn_n their_o egg_n be_v like_o crow_n but_o lesser_a spot_v with_o great_a spot_n especial_o eggs._n about_o the_o blunt_a end_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o worthy_a gentleman_n of_o sussex_n who_o himself_o observe_v it_o that_o when_o rook_n build_v one_o of_o the_o pair_n always_o sit_v by_o to_o watch_v the_o nest_n till_o it_o be_v finish_v whilst_o the_o other_o go_v about_o to_o fetch_v material_n else_o if_o both_o go_v and_o leave_v the_o nest_n unfinished_a as_o sometime_o they_o venture_v to_o do_v their_o fellow-rook_n ere_o they_o return_v again_o will_v have_v robe_v and_o carry_v away_o to_o their_o several_a nest_n all_o their_o stick_n and_o whatever_o else_o they_o have_v get_v together_o hence_o perhaps_o the_o word_n rook_v with_o we_o be_v use_v for_o cheat_v or_o abuse_v these_o bird_n be_v noisome_a to_o corn_n and_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o husbandman_n be_v force_v away_o to_o employ_v child_n with_o hoot_v and_o cracker_n and_o rattle_v of_o metal_n and_o final_o with_o throw_v of_o stone_n to_o scare_v they_o away_o such_o as_o have_v no_o servant_n or_o child_n to_o spare_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n make_v use_n of_o other_o device_n either_o of_o mill_n make_v with_o sail_n to_o be_v turn_v by_o the_o wind_n make_v a_o continual_a snap_v as_o they_o turn_v wherewith_o they_o fright_v the_o bird_n or_o of_o bugbears_a or_o as_o we_o call_v they_o scare-crow_n place_v up_o and_o down_o the_o field_n and_o dress_v up_o in_o a_o country_n habit_n which_o the_o bird_n take_v for_o country_n man_n dare_v not_o come_v near_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o stand_v i_o be_v also_o tell_v by_o the_o forementioned_a gentleman_n that_o if_o rook_n infest_v your_o corn_n they_o will_v be_v more_o terrify_v by_o take_v a_o rook_n and_o pluck_v it_o limb_n from_o limb_n in_o their_o sight_n and_o then_o cast_v the_o several_a limb_n about_o your_o field_n than_o if_o you_o hang_v up_o half_a a_o dozen_o dead_a rook_n in_o it_o §._o iv._o the_o royston_n crow_n cornix_n cinerea_fw-la frugilega_fw-la that_o we_o describe_v weigh_v about_o twenty_o two_o ounce_n its_o measure_n be_v from_o measure_n the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o two_o inch_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a between_o the_o wing_n extend_v three_o foot_n and_o three_o inch_n the_o bill_n long_o strong_a smooth_a black_a but_o have_v the_o tip_n whitish_a the_o upper_a chap_n nostril_n somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o low_a and_o a_o little_a bow_v or_o crooked_a the_o nostril_n round_o cover_v with_o bristly_a hair_n the_o tongue_n broad_a black_a a_o little_a cleave_a and_o rough_a on_o tongue_n the_o side_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o cinereous_a hazel_n colour_n eye_n the_o head_n wing_n and_o throat_n as_o far_o as_o
the_o breastbone_n black_a with_o a_o certain_a feather_n bluo_n gloss_n the_o breast_n belly_n back_o and_o neck_n cinereous_a or_o grey_a the_o shaft_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v blackish_a the_o feather_n on_o the_o throat_n where_o the_o black_a and_o cinereous_a meet_v have_v their_o exterior_a side_n cinereous_a and_o their_o interior_a black_a the_o back_n be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n than_o the_o belly_n it_o have_v in_o each_o wing_n twenty_o master-feather_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v the_o short_a the_o tail_n three_o four_o and_o five_o equal_a from_o the_o six_o the_o shaft_n be_v produce_v above_o the_o feather_n end_n in_o sharp_a point_n the_o tail_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o exterior_a whereof_o be_v gradual_o something_o short_a than_o the_o interior_a to_o the_o middlemost_a which_o be_v seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o back-toe_n and_o claw_n be_v large_a the_o exterior_a and_o interior_a fore-toe_n equal_a claw_n and_o their_o claw_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o root_n of_o the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n the_o outmost_a and_o middle_a toe_n be_v join_v at_o the_o bottom_n asin_n the_o crow_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n the_o stomach_n or_o gizzard_n large_a and_o in_o that_o food_n we_o dissect_v be_v full_a of_o wheat_n barley_n and_o other_o grain_n it_o be_v infest_a with_o louse_n and_o tick_n in_o summer_n time_n say_v aldrovandus_n it_o live_v in_o high_a mountain_n where_o it_o also_o build_v in_o the_o winter_n compel_v as_o be_v likely_a by_o the_o cold_a it_o descend_v into_o the_o plain_n place_n on_o the_o heath_n about_o newmarket_n royston_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o cambridge-shire_n it_o be_v frequent_o see_v in_o winter_n time_n §._o v._o the_o jack-daw_n monedula_fw-la it_o weigh_v nine_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o bill_n end_n of_o the_o tail_n thirteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v two_o foot_n four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o bill_n be_v strong_a from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n a_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o the_o nostril_n round_o little_o eye_n hairy_a feather_n cover_v the_o nostril_n and_o half_a the_o bill_n the_o tongue_n cleave_v the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n whitish_a the_o ear_n large_a the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n as_o far_o as_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n incline_v to_o a_o ash-colour_n feather_n as_o also_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n but_o less_o else_o the_o whole_a plumage_n be_v black_a with_o a_o kind_n of_o blue_a gloss_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a black_a the_o number_n of_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v short_a quill_n by_o half_a than_o the_o second_o the_o three_o and_o four_o the_o long_a of_o all_o from_o the_o eleven_o the_o six_o follow_v have_v the_o top_n of_o their_o vane_n so_o run_v forth_o on_o each_o side_n above_o their_o shaft_n that_o these_o feather_n seem_v to_o be_v notch_a crenate_n in_o their_o top_n and_o from_o the_o angle_n of_o that_o notch_n the_o shaft_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v continue_v in_o form_n of_o a_o bristle_n the_o number_n of_o tail-feather_n be_v twelve_o whereof_o the_o exterior_a be_v somewhat_o short_a the_o tail_n length_n of_o the_o tail_n five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o back-toe_n and_o claw_n great_a than_o in_o other_o bird_n be_v usual_a the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n claw_n join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a at_o the_o bottom_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n it_o have_v no_o craw_n the_o stomach_n be_v musculous_a the_o length_n of_o the_o gut_n be_v twenty_o food_n four_o inch_n it_o feed_v upon_o nut_n fruit_n seed_n and_o infect_v the_o appendix_n or_o blind_a gut_n small_a and_o scarce_o a_o inch_n long_o the_o head_n of_o this_o bird_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o body_n be_v great_a which_o argue_v he_o to_o be_v ingenious_a ingenious_a and_o crafty_a which_o be_v find_v true_a by_o experience_n jackdaw_n usual_o frequent_a and_o build_v in_o ancient_a castle_n tower_n house_n and_o stonewall_n breed_v especial_o if_o they_o be_v desolate_a and_o ruinous_a in_o great_a number_n they_o build_v also_o sometime_o in_o tree_n as_o we_o can_v testify_v upon_o our_o own_o experience_n though_o aldrovandus_n be_v unwilling_a to_o believe_v it_o they_o lay_v five_o or_o six_o egg_n lesser_a pale_a and_o have_v few_o eggs._n spot_n than_o those_o of_o crow_n aldrovandus_n make_v the_o latin_a graculus_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o name_n common_a or_o general_a name_n contain_v under_o it_o four_o species_n viz._n the_o coracias_n or_o chough_n the_o lupus_n or_o jackdaw_n the_o scurra_fw-la or_o and_o the_o graculus_n palmipe_v or_o shag_a but_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o graculus_n be_v sometime_o appropriate_v to_o the_o jackdaw_n as_o he_o acknowledge_v beside_o the_o common_a jackdaw_n we_o have_v now_o describe_v aldrovandus_n set_v forth_o a_o figure_n ring-jackdaw_n of_o another_o difier_v from_o this_o only_o in_o that_o it_o have_v a_o white_a ring_n about_o its_o neck_n gesncr_n also_o write_v from_o the_o report_n of_o other_o that_o about_o zug_n in_o switzerland_n there_o be_v find_v a_o jackdaw_n distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a by_o a_o ring_n of_o white_a encompass_v his_o neck_n as_o for_o that_o species_n of_o daw_n graculus_n in_o rhaetia_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o tulla_n which_o gesner_n also_o mention_n have_v a_o blue_a head_n he_o give_v we_o no_o other_o note_n of_o it_o i_o can_v tell_v what_o to_o determine_v concern_v it_o the_o vulgar_a and_o ignorant_a fowler_n love_v to_o tell_v wonder_n and_o amplify_v thing_n and_o therefore_o their_o relation_n be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v confide_v in_o what_o gesner_n deliver_v of_o his_o own_o sight_n or_o knowledge_n i_o ready_o believe_v and_o accept_v for_o true_a he_o be_v a_o author_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o no_o less_o fidelity_n and_o integrity_n but_o what_o he_o have_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o i_o do_v often_o suspect_v beside_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o short_a rude_a imperfect_a and_o general_a description_n make_v by_o such_o as_o be_v not_o practise_v and_o skilful_a in_o describe_v and_o observe_v the_o certain_a and_o characteristic_a note_n of_o each_o species_n have_v occasion_v great_a confusion_n and_o multiplication_n of_o more_o kind_n of_o bird_n and_o other_o creature_n than_o nature_n have_v produce_v §._o vi_o the_o cornish_a chough_n coracias_fw-la seu_fw-la pyrrhocorax_n the_o female_a weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a the_o male_a thirteen_o the_o length_n measure_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n sixteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n seventeen_o the_o wing_n spread_v be_v thirty_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a it_o be_v like_o a_o jackdaw_n but_o big_a and_o almost_o equal_a to_o a_o crow_n it_o differ_v chief_o from_o palate_n the_o jackdaw_n in_o the_o bill_n which_o be_v long_o red_z sharp_a a_o little_a bow_v or_o crooked_a the_o upper_a mandible_a be_v something_o long_a than_o the_o low_a the_o nostril_n round_o the_o tongue_n broad_a thin_a and_o a_o little_a cleave_a short_a than_o the_o bill_n the_o side_n of_o the_o fissure_v of_o the_o palate_n and_o windpipe_n and_o of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v rough_a and_o as_o it_o be_v hairy_a feather_n reflect_v downward_o cover_v the_o nostril_n the_o foot_n and_o feather_n leg_n be_v like_o those_o of_o a_o jackdaw_n but_o red_a of_o colour_n the_o plumage_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n all_o over_o be_v black_a the_o number_n of_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v short_a wing-feather_n than_o the_o second_o that_o than_o the_o three_o the_o three_o than_o the_o four_o which_o be_v the_o long_a of_o all_o be_v by_o measure_n ten_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o wing_n complicate_v extend_v as_o far_o as_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o tail-feather_n be_v in_o number_n twelve_o all_o equal_a or_o tail_n if_o any_o difference_n be_v the_o middle_a a_o little_a the_o long_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v by_o measure_n 5⅜_n inch_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n of_o which_o the_o left_a be_v the_o less_o the_o spleen_n entrail_n long_o soft_a and_o round_o the_o stomach_n fleshy_a and_o full_a of_o infect_v it_o frequent_v rock_n old_a castle_n and_o church_n by_o the_o seaside_n it_o be_v find_v not_o only_o place_n in_o cornwall_n but_o also_o in_o wales_n and_o all_o along_o
also_o frequent_o flirt_v up_o that_o rudiment_n of_o a_o tail_n as_o wren_n and_o wagtail_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v each_o foot_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o toe_n stand_v forward_o and_o two_o backward_a above_o of_o a_o violet-colour_n underneath_o of_o a_o ash_n or_o grey_a it_o often_o hop_v and_o leap_v up_o and_o down_o and_o cry_v with_o a_o voice_n not_o unlike_o the_o chatter_a of_o a_o magpie_n it_o feed_v upon_o almost_o all_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o parrot_n do_v but_o be_v most_o greedy_a of_o grape_n which_o be_v pluck_v off_o one_o by_o one_o and_o toss_v to_o it_o it_o will_v most_o dextrous_o catch_v in_o the_o air_n before_o they_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o flesh_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a violet_n colour_n faber_n do_v not_o undeserved_o inquire_v how_o see_v the_o bill_n be_v so_o light_a and_o thin_a the_o bird_n can_v pierce_v tree_n with_o it_o which_o difficulty_n he_o thus_o satisfy_v that_o though_o it_o be_v thin_a and_o light_a yet_o be_v it_o of_o a_o bony_a substance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o dextrous_o use_v by_o the_o live_a animal_n it_o shall_v therewith_o by_o many_o repeat_v stroke_n pierce_v a_o tree_n have_v perchance_o the_o instinct_n to_o choose_v a_o rot_a one_o as_o we_o see_v drop_n of_o rain_n wear_v hole_n in_o flint_n nay_o the_o very_a foot_n of_o pismire_n walk_v often_o over_o they_o as_o pliny_n observe_v make_v impression_n on_o they_o brasil_n lerius_fw-la write_v that_o this_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o raven_n except_o the_o breast_n which_o be_v of_o a_o saffron-colour_n compass_v beneath_o with_o a_o line_n of_o vermilion_n the_o skin_n of_o which_o part_n pluck_v off_o the_o indian_n dry_a and_o use_v for_o a_o ornament_n of_o their_o cheek_n glue_v it_o on_o with_o wax_n this_o same_o bird_n be_v describe_v by_o 7._o john_n de_fw-fr laet_n out_o of_o a_o portague_n author_n and_o out_o of_o the_o same_o by_o 15._o marggrave_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n say_v he_o of_o a_o pie_n or_o dove_n have_v a_o crop_n under_o the_o breast_n three_o or_o four_o inch_n broad_a of_o a_o saffron-colour_n and_o compass_v about_o the_o border_n with_o vermilion_a feather_n the_o breast_n be_v yellow_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n black_a one_o will_v wonder_v how_o so_o little_a a_o bird_n can_v carry_v so_o great_a a_o bill_n but_o it_o be_v exceed_o light_a and_o very_o tender_a we_o have_v see_v in_o several_a cabinet_n the_o bill_n of_o this_o bird_n and_o ourselves_o have_v also_o one_o of_o they_o §._o iii_o the_o jay_n pica_n glandaria_fw-la it_o weigh_v seven_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o measure_n tail_n be_v fourteen_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n but_o twelve_o and_o a_o half_a the_o distance_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v twenty_o one_o and_o a_o half_a the_o bill_n black_a strong_a from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n about_o or_o near_o a_o inch_n and_o bill_n half_a long_a the_o tongue_n black_a thin_a pellucid_a and_o cleave_v at_o the_o tip_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o colour_n the_o eye_n white_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n and_o body_n in_o this_o bird_n be_v tall_a slendere_a and_o stand_v more_o stare_v or_o erect_v than_o ordinary_a near_o the_o low_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v two_o black_a spot_n on_o each_o side_n one_o the_o chin_n and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o belly_n whitish_a else_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n mix_v of_o cinereous_a and_o red_a the_o rump_n above_o be_v white_a the_o back_o red_a with_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o blue_a the_o feather_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n variegated_a with_o black_a and_o white_a the_o sail_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n twenty_o of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v short_a by_o half_a wing-feather_n than_o the_o second_o the_o four_o the_o long_a be_v by_o measure_n six_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n as_o for_o their_o colour_n the_o first_o or_o outmost_a be_v black_a the_o bottom_n or_o low_a part_n be_v white_a which_o be_v proper_a to_o it_o alone_o the_o six_o next-following_a have_v their_o exterior_a vane_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o three_o next_o likewise_o but_o more_o obscure_a and_o mingle_v with_o blue_a be_v also_o mark_v towards_o their_o bottom_n with_o transverse_a black_a and_o white_a stroke_n the_o five_o succeed_a have_v their_o exterior_a vane_n half_o white_a half_a black_a viz._n the_o low_a half_o white_a the_o upper_a black_a but_o so_o that_o each_o extremity_n of_o the_o white_a be_v terminate_v with_o blue_a the_o sixteen_o in_o place_n of_o the_o white_a of_o the_o four_o precedent_n have_v transverse_a blue_a black_a and_o white_a spot_n the_o seventeen_o be_v black_a have_v one_o or_o two_o blue_a spot_n the_o eighteen_o be_v black_a with_o some_o little_a red_a the_o nineteen_o red_a with_o the_o tip_n black_a the_o underside_n of_o all_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a or_o dusky_a colour_n the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o fifteen_o exterior_a sail_n be_v very_o beautiful_a be_v variegated_a or_o chequer_a with_o black_a white_z and_o lovely_a shine_a blue_a line_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o covert-feather_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n whole_o tail_n black_a except_o towards_o their_o root_n under_o the_o rump_n there_o be_v something_o of_o blue_a mingle_v with_o cinereous_a the_o foot_n and_o toe_n be_v of_o a_o ferrugineous_a dusky_a colour_n the_o middle_a toe_n be_v the_o toe_n long_a the_o outmost_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o back-toe_n the_o low_a internodium_fw-la of_o the_o outmost_a toe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a the_o back_n claw_n be_v great_a the_o egg_n be_v cinereous_a with_o dark_a spot_n scarce_o appear_v the_o gut_n twenty_o gut_n four_o inch_n long_o the_o blind_a gut_n but_o half_a a_o inch_n it_o have_v a_o gall_n and_o a_o long_a spleen_n the_o stomach_n or_o gizzard_n not_o very_o fleshy_a and_o have_v its_o echinus_n wherein_o we_o find_v gizzard_n acorn_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o feed_v not_o only_o on_o acorn_n whence_o it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o pica_n glandaria_fw-la food_n but_o also_o upon_o cherry_n of_o which_o it_o be_v very_o greedy_a goose-berry_n rasp_v and_o other_o fruit_n it_o differ_v from_o that_o describe_v by_o aldrovandus_n in_o that_o it_o have_v no_o transverse_a spot_n in_o jay_n the_o tail_n the_o female_a differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o from_o the_o male_a either_o in_o bigness_n or_o colour_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o know_v they_o asunder_o it_o learn_v to_o imitate_v man_n voice_n and_o speak_v articulate_o as_o well_o as_o a_o jackdaw_n speak_v §._o iv._o the_o roller_n garrulus_fw-la argentoratensis_n the_o bird_n we_o describe_v be_v a_o cock_n and_o weigh_v six_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o measure_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o claw_n eleven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n thirteen_o and_o a_o half_a the_o breadth_n or_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v twenty_o six_o inch_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a sharp_a something_o hook_v otherwise_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o jay_n from_o eye_n the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n 1_o â…_n inch_n long_o the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a hazel-colour_n near_o the_o eye_n towards_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v palate_n two_o bunch_n as_o it_o be_v wart_n void_a of_o feather_n the_o tongue_n black_a as_o in_o jay_n jagged_a or_o tear_v but_o not_o cleave_v the_o roof_n of_o the_o mouth_n green_a and_o have_v a_o double_a cleave_a or_o fissure_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o palate_n be_v rugged_a or_o rough_a with_o little_a bunch_n at_o the_o base_a of_o the_o tongue_n there_o be_v only_o a_o little_a fork_a excrescency_n on_o each_o side_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v bare_a or_o void_a of_o feather_n colour_n the_o rump_n and_o lesser_a row_n of_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o lovely_a blue_a or_o ultramarine_a colour_n as_o the_o painter_n call_v it_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n between_o the_o shoulder_n red_a the_o head_n of_o a_o sordid_a green_a mingle_v with_o blue_a of_o which_o colour_n be_v also_o the_o throat_n with_o white_a line_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o feather_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a blue_a like_o those_o of_o a_o pigeon_n the_o number_n of_o sail_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o of_o which_o the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o wing-feather_n
be_v equal_a and_o from_o the_o ten_o all_o the_o rest_n almost_o all_o of_o they_o have_v their_o low_a half_a blue_a and_o the_o upper_a black_a the_o foremost_a be_v black_a almost_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n only_o in_o their_o exterior_a web_n they_o have_v a_o mixture_n of_o blue_a the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a blue_a of_o which_o colour_n also_o but_o pale_a be_v those_o that_o invest_v the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o tail_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o ten_o intermediate_v be_v equal_a each_o tail_n being_n four_o inch_n three_o quarter_n long_o the_o two_o extreme_a long_o than_o the_o rest_n by_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o next_o to_o they_o have_v their_o tip_n of_o a_o bluish_a white_a which_o colour_n gradual_o increase_v in_o the_o rest_n till_o in_o the_o outmost_a it_o take_v up_o half_a the_o feather_n below_o the_o white_a the_o interior_a web_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a and_o the_o exterior_a blue_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v black_a the_o tail-feather_n and_o sail_n of_o the_o wing_n where_o ever_o they_o be_v blackish_a above_o be_v blue_a underneath_o the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o bastard-wing_n ala_fw-la notha_fw-la be_v black_a the_o rest_n blue_a the_o foot_n be_v short_a and_o like_o those_o of_o a_o dove_n of_o a_o dirty_a yellow_a colour_n the_o claw_n middle_a toe_n the_o long_a next_o to_o that_o the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n in_o the_o inner_a side_n be_v edge_v the_o claw_n be_v black_a and_o the_o toe_n divide_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o stomach_n within_o be_v of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n and_o therein_o we_o find_v a_o large_a grass-hopper_n gut_n the_o gut_n thirteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o blind_a gut_n two_o and_o a_o half_a we_o find_v of_o these_o bird_n not_o only_o in_o germany_n but_o also_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o sicily_n and_o place_n malta_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o in_o the_o poulterer_n shop_n there_o be_v many_o singular_a and_o characteristic_a mark_n in_o this_o bird_n as_o 1._o the_o knob_n or_o wart-like_a bunch_n under_o the_o eye_n 2._o the_o figure_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n be_v long_o than_o the_o rest_n 3._o the_o toe_n divide_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n 4._o the_o tongue_n have_v only_o two_o fork_a appendix_n *_o gesner_n blue_a crow_n the_o same_o i_o suspect_v with_o the_o precedent_n the_o blue_a crow_n who_o figure_n jo._n kentmannus_fw-la send_v to_o gesner_n but_o the_o history_n thereof_o george_n fabricius_n out_o of_o misnia_n be_v a_o wild_a bird_n and_o not_o easy_a to_o be_v tame_v call_v by_o the_o misnian_o crow_n ein_fw-mi wild_a holtzkrae_fw-mi of_o other_o galgen-regell_a or_o halck-regel_a it_o be_v find_v beyond_o the_o river_n elb_n in_o the_o luchovian_a forest_n and_o in_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n it_o haunt_v and_o abide_v in_o desert_n and_o unfrequented_a place_n some_o from_o the_o colour_n call_v it_o ein_fw-mi tentschen_n pappagey_n that_o be_v the_o german_a parrot_n it_o be_v transport_v into_o foreign_a country_n for_o no_o other_o commendation_n but_o the_o colour_n so_o far_o george_n fabricius_n the_o bill_n as_o the_o picture_n show_v be_v black_a the_o leg_n dusky_a and_o for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n small_a it_o be_v here_o and_o there_o all_o over_o the_o body_n viz._n on_o the_o head_n wing_n tail_n about_o the_o rump_n and_o all_o the_o underside_n of_o a_o shine_a blue_a colour_n in_o some_o place_n more_o sincere_a in_o some_o mix_v with_o green_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o back_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v dusky_a the_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a i_o be_o very_o persuade_v that_o this_o bird_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o strasburgh_n roller_n §._o v._o *_o the_o sea-pie_n pica_n marina_n aldrovandus_n in_o the_o twelve_o book_n and_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o ornithology_n do_v thus_o brief_o describe_v this_o bird_n the_o whole_a bird_n except_v the_o head_n neck_n foot_n and_o also_o part_v of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o greenish_a colour_n the_o bill_n be_v strong_a a_o little_a long_o than_o a_o pie_n very_o sharp_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n and_o down_o as_o low_a as_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o delay_a chesnut_n colour_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o temple_n and_o eye_n yellow_a the_o eye_n black_a with_o yellow_a irides_fw-la encompass_v again_o with_o a_o black_a circle_n the_o foot_n dusky_a the_o toe_n long_o the_o nail_n very_o crooked_a and_o black_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n green_a except_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n which_o be_v of_o a_o dilute_a chesnut_n have_v their_o end_n blue_a whether_o he_o himself_o see_v this_o bird_n or_o describe_v it_o from_o a_o picture_n he_o tell_v we_o not_o but_o in_o that_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o strasburg_n roller_n never_o live_v in_o maritime_a place_n and_o so_o without_o reason_n challenge_v the_o name_n of_o the_o sea-pie_n which_o the_o bolognese_n as_o gesner_n witness_v attribute_v to_o it_o he_o be_v without_o doubt_n deceive_v sith_o we_o ourselves_o as_o we_o say_v before_o see_v at_o messina_n in_o sicily_n and_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o malta_n several_a of_o they_o §._o vi_o *_o the_o persian_a pie._n aldrovandus_n the_o bird_n which_o aldrovandus_n call_v by_o this_o name_n and_o describe_v from_o a_o picture_n send_v he_o from_o venice_n have_v a_o strong_a thick_a short_a whitish_a bill_n also_o white_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n the_o rump_n and_o foremost_a feather_n in_o the_o tail_n be_v yellow_a the_o foot_n be_v bluish_a with_o black_a tabulary_a scale_n the_o claw_n small_a but_o crooked_a and_o black_a else_o it_o be_v all_o over_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n beside_o these_o dr._n charleton_n in_o his_o onomasticon_fw-la zoicon_fw-la p._n 68_o mention_n another_o sort_n of_o pie_n viz._n judicus_fw-la the_o indian_a mock-bird_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o jay_n but_o somewhat_o small_a we_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o have_v the_o hap_n to_o see_v this_o bird_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n write_v of_o it_o by_o other_o that_o we_o know_v of_o §._o vii_o caryocatacte_n gesn_a and_o turn_v it_o weigh_v five_o ounce_n three_o quarter_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v thirteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o same_o the_o breadth_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v twenty_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v almost_o two_o inch_n long_o black_a strong_a and_o like_o that_o of_o a_o pie_n save_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sharp_a point_v but_o blunt_a at_o the_o end_n and_o 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caterpillar_n and_o cossi_n it_o sit_v more_o upon_o the_o ground_n than_o other_o woodpecker_n and_o seek_v its_o food_n there_o it_o be_v tongue_n be_v round_o end_v in_o a_o stiff_a sharp_a bony_a tip_n dent_v on_o both_o side_n this_o tongue_n the_o bird_n can_v dart_v out_o to_o a_o great_a length_n viz._n some_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n and_o draw_v up_o again_o by_o the_o help_n of_o two_o small_a round_a cartilage_n fasten_v into_o the_o forementioned_a bony_a tip_n and_o run_v along_o the_o length_n of_o the_o tongue_n these_o cartilage_n from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n take_v a_o circuit_n beyond_o the_o ear_n and_o be_v reflect_v backward_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n where_o they_o both_o meet_v again_o and_o be_v keep_v down_o down_o by_o a_o ligament_n go_v over_o they_o make_v a_o large_a bow_n below_o the_o ligament_n they_o run_v down_o the_o sagittal_n suture_a and_o then_o decline_v a_o little_a to_o the_o right_a side_n pass_v just_a above_o the_o orbit_n of_o the_o right_a eye_n and_o along_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o bill_n into_o a_o hole_n excavate_v there_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o rise_n or_o original_n the_o musculous_a spungy_a flesh_n of_o the_o tongue_n enclose_v these_o cartilage_n like_o a_o sheath_n and_o be_v so_o make_v that_o it_o may_v be_v extend_v or_o contract_v like_o a_o worm_n that_o part_n also_o of_o these_o cartilage_n reach_v from_o the_o hind_a part_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o like_a musculous_a flesh_n that_o may_v be_v contract_v or_o extend_v like_o the_o tongue_n only_o both_o cartilage_n be_v not_o enclose_v in_o one_o muscle_n but_o have_v each_o its_o several_a distinct_a musculous_a sheath_n like_o two_o small_a string_n or_o worm_n on_o the_o end_n of_o these_o cartilage_n for_o i_o can_v without_o much_o force_n draw_v they_o out_o of_o their_o socket_n in_o the_o bill_n there_o be_v a_o white_a glutinous_a or_o mucous_a 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bellonius_fw-la make_v this_o bird_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v aristotle_n three_o kind_n of_o woodpecker_n far_a great_a than_o the_o common_a green_a woodspite_n now_o describe_v he_o give_v he_o a_o crooked_a bill_n contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o tribe_n foot_n after_o the_o fashion_n of_o other_o divers_a spot_n in_o the_o wing_n such_o as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o rest_n but_o different_a in_o colour_n §._o iii_o the_o great_a spot_v woodpecker_n or_o witwall_n picus_n varius_fw-la major_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arist_n it_o be_v as_o big_a or_o big_a than_o a_o blackbird_n the_o female_a weigh_v two_o ounce_n three_o quarter_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o claw_n be_v eight_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n nine_o and_o a_o half_a the_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v sixteen_o inch_n the_o bill_n in_o the_o cock_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o measure_v from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o slit_n of_o the_o mouth_n straight_o black_a thick_a at_o the_o head_n and_o slenderer_n by_o degree_n end_v in_o a_o sharp_a point_n be_v of_o a_o triangular_a pyramidal_a figure_n and_o channel_a with_o a_o furrow_n or_o two_o the_o nostril_n round_o and_o cover_v with_o black_a bristle_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n red_a the_o tongue_n make_v like_o that_o of_o the_o green_a woodpecker_n on_o the_o hind_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v a_o line_n of_o crimson_n or_o vermilion_a red_a reach_v from_o white_a to_o white_a in_o each_o cheek_n in_o the_o cock_n not_o in_o the_o hen._n in_o the_o hen_n the_o throat_n and_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o dirty_a yellowish_a white_a the_o low_a belly_n under_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o colour_n lovely_a red_a or_o crimson_a colour_n hence_o the_o italian_n call_v it_o cull_v rosso_fw-it the_o welsh_a by_o a_o name_n signify_v fire-tail_n the_o feather_n encompass_v the_o base_a of_o the_o upper_a chap_n and_o those_o about_o the_o eye_n and_o ear_n be_v white_a the_o head_n be_v black_a with_o a_o dash_n of_o shine_v green_a the_o back_o also_o black_a at_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o wing_n on_o each_o side_n be_v a_o great_a white_a spot_n from_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n a_o broad_a black_a stroke_n reach_v own_o to_o the_o back_n just_o below_o the_o head_n another_o black_a stroke_n cross_v this_o the_o flag-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n twenty_o of_o which_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a be_v the_o short_a black_a and_o mark_v with_o semicircular_a white_a spot_n the_o interior_a covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a and_o make_v up_o part_n of_o those_o white_a spot_n we_o mention_v on_o the_o shoulder_n the_o middlemost_a be_v whole_o black_a the_o exterior_a have_v one_o or_o two_o white_a spot_n the_o ridge_n or_o base_a of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n be_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o ten_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v the_o long_a be_v strong_a stiff_a sharp-pointed_a and_o bend_a inward_o the_o shaft_n as_o in_o other_o be_v not_o produce_v to_o the_o utmost_a tip_n perchance_o wear_v or_o break_v off_o with_o climb_v by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o feather_n appear_v fork_v the_o outmost_a tail-feather_n on_o each_o side_n be_v small_a black_a and_o have_v a_o white_a spot_n in_o the_o exterior_a web._n in_o the_o two_o next_o the_o low_a part_n be_v black_a and_o the_o rest_n white_a with_o two_o transverse_a black_a spot_n or_o stroke_n of_o which_o the_o upper_a cut_v both_o web_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o low_a only_o the_o interior_a in_o the_o three_o the_o black_a reach_v high_a and_o the_o white_a part_n have_v only_o one_o transverse_a black_a stroke_n the_o four_o pair_n be_v all_o black_a have_v only_o a_o semicircular_a spot_n of_o white_a towards_o the_o top_n the_o very_a tip_n be_v of_o a_o red_a white_a the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v whole_o black_a annot._n i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o needful_a so_o scrupulous_o to_o describe_v every_o particular_a spot_n in_o each_o feather_n for_o that_o nature_n take_v a_o latitude_n sport_v herself_o as_o they_o call_v it_o in_o these_o lesser_a thing_n not_o observe_v always_o the_o same_o number_n figure_n and_o situation_n of_o spot_n in_o the_o bird_n i_o describe_v the_o flag-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v spot_v on_o both_o side_n the_o shaft_n with_o white_a spot_n which_o when_o the_o wing_n be_v extend_v stand_v in_o row_n cross_v the_o feather_n the_o four_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n whole_o black_a the_o rest_z variegated_a with_o white_a and_o black_a transverse_a spot_n the_o feather_n stand_v so_o that_o the_o tail_n when_o shut_v seem_v a_o little_a fork_a the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o lead_n colour_n it_o have_v the_o toe_n so_o situate_a as_o the_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n viz._n two_o forward_a two_o backward_o the_o two_o fore-toe_n likewise_o connect_v from_o the_o divarication_n place_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n it_o have_v a_o small_a liver_n with_o a_o gall_n annex_v the_o breastbone_n be_v very_o long_o produce_v almost_o to_o the_o vent_n a_o small_a gizzard_n or_o stomach_n in_o that_o we_o dissect_v full_a of_o wood_n cossi_n spondyli_fw-la and_o beetle_n the_o gut_n lie_v deep_a within_o the_o body_n that_o they_o be_v not_o hurt_v when_o the_o bird_n turn_v her_o head_n downward_o and_o strike_v tree_n with_o her_o bill_n it_o be_v common_a to_o this_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o kind_n to_o want_v the_o blind_a gut_n §._o iv._o the_o lesser_a spot_v woodpecker_n or_o hickwall_n picus_n varius_fw-la minor_fw-la this_o be_v for_o shape_n and_o colour_n like_o to_o the_o
last_o describe_v but_o much_o less_o weigh_v scarce_o a_o ounce_n be_v in_o length_n from_o bill_n to_o tail_n not_o more_o than_o six_o inch_n though_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v no_o less_o than_o eleven_o inch_n broad_a from_o tip_n to_o tip_v the_o tail_n consist_v of_o ten_o feather_n from_o the_o exterior_a to_o the_o middlemost_a gradual_o long_o each_o than_o other_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v the_o long_a of_o these_o the_o four_o middlemost_a be_v whole_o black_a strong_a sharp_a and_o bend_v inward_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n so_o make_v to_o sustain_v the_o body_n when_o she_o climb_v tree_n the_o three_o exterior_a be_v less_o sharp_a of_o which_o the_o outmost_a and_o least_o have_v the_o bottom_n black_a and_o the_o upper_a part_n white_a with_o two_o transverse_a black_a spot_n in_o the_o next_o the_o black_a part_n be_v extend_v in_o the_o inner_a web_n as_o far_o as_o the_o second_o transverse_v black_a spot_n in_o the_o outer_a the_o white_a reach_v low_a yet_o have_v it_o only_o one_o transverse_a black_a spot_n towards_o the_o top_n the_o three_o be_v black_a have_v only_o the_o tip_n white_a the_o throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o sordid_a white_a above_o the_o nostril_n it_o be_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n and_o on_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o white_a spot_n the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v black_a from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n two_o broad_a line_n of_o white_a feather_n terminate_v on_o both_o side_n with_o black_a be_v produce_v concur_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n only_a the_o feather_n that_o cover_v the_o ear_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o breast_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o back_n and_o upper_a covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a the_o prime_a feather_n and_o rest_n of_o the_o covert_a feather_n be_v elegant_o spot_v with_o white_a semicircular_a spot_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o back_n be_v white_a with_o cross_a line_n of_o black_a the_o bill_n tongue_n irides_fw-la foot_n and_o toe_n like_o those_o of_o the_o last_o describe_v the_o leg_n feather_v but_o not_o down_o to_o the_o toe_n the_o claw_n black_a and_o crooked_a the_o same_o number_n of_o prime_a feather_n in_o wing_n and_o tail_n the_o stomach_n dissect_v be_v full_a of_o infect_v it_o want_v the_o appendix_n or_o blind_a gut_n like_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o cock_n differ_v from_o the_o hen_n in_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o white_a spot_n on_o the_o head_n be_v have_v one_o of_o a_o lovely_a red_a or_o crimson_n aldrovandus_n write_v that_o this_o kind_n want_v those_o red_a spot_n on_o the_o head_n and_o rump_n which_o be_v true_a of_o the_o female_a but_o not_o of_o the_o male_a for_o his_o head_n as_o we_o say_v be_v mark_v with_o a_o red_a spot_n §._o v._o *_o the_o brasilian_n particoloured_a woodpecker_n call_v ipecu_n marggrave_n this_o bird_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o dove_n the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v two_o inch_n of_o the_o body_n four_o of_o the_o tail_n also_o four_o of_o the_o leg_n almost_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a it_o have_v four_o toe_n in_o its_o foot_n two_o stand_v forward_o and_o two_o backward_o as_o in_o parrot_n the_o head_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n on_o which_o also_o it_o have_v a_o crest_n like_o a_o dove_n the_o neck_n underneath_o be_v black_a to_o the_o very_a bill_n as_o also_o above_o but_o in_o both_o side_n there_o be_v a_o broad_a white_a line_n produce_v towards_o the_o back_n divisim_fw-la the_o wing_n be_v outward_o all_o over_o black_a inward_o white_a the_o tail_n black_a in_o the_o belly_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n the_o feather_n be_v black_a and_o white_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o sharp-pointed_a a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a wherewith_o it_o pierce_v the_o bark_n of_o tree_n as_o the_o woodpecker_n §._o vi_o the_o wryneck_n jynx_n sive_fw-la torquilla_n this_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o common_a lark_n or_o somewhat_o less_o it_o weigh_v more_o than_o a_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v eleven_o inch_n the_o bill_n be_v short_a small_a and_o less_o triangular_a than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o tongue_n round_o end_v in_o a_o sharp_a bony_a thorn_n which_o it_o can_v dart_v out_o to_o a_o great_a length_n and_o withdraw_v again_o like_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o yellow_a hazel_n colour_n the_o foot_n and_o leg_n short_a of_o a_o pale_a lead_n colour_v or_o as_o i_o describe_v they_o of_o a_o flesh_n colour_n it_o can_v ruffle_v up_o the_o feather_n of_o its_o head_n so_o as_o to_o make_v they_o appear_v like_o a_o crest_n as_o do_v the_o jay_n the_o plumage_n be_v so_o elegant_o and_o curious_o colour_v that_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a in_o word_n to_o describe_v it_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v variegated_a with_o white_a black_a red_a dusky_a and_o grey_a or_o ash-colour_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n all_o along_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n run_v a_o list_n of_o black_a the_o head_n be_v cinereous_a with_o transverse_a white_a black_a and_o red_a line_n the_o throat_n and_o low_a belly_n yellow_a with_o transverse_a black_a line_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v white_a with_o few_o line_n the_o feather_n cover_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o prime_a wing-feather_n be_v yellow_a with_o transverse_a black_a line_n the_o rump_n be_v more_o ash-coloured_a than_o the_o head_n with_o white_a spot_n and_o transverse_v black_a line_n the_o prime_a wing-feather_n be_v in_o number_n nineteen_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a be_v something_o short_a than_o the_o second_o black_a but_o spot_v with_o great_a red_a spot_n which_o spot_n especial_o in_o the_o feather_n next_o the_o body_n be_v powder_v with_o small_a black_a speck_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n be_v white_a the_o tail-feather_n be_v ten_o not_o sharp-pointed_a nor_o stiff_a nor_o bend_a inward_o as_o in_o the_o above_o describe_v woodpecker_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a of_o a_o cinereous_a colour_n cross_v at_o large_a interval_n with_o bar_n of_o black_a to_o speak_v exact_o the_o part_n next_o the_o cross_a bar_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o intermediate_v space_n of_o a_o pale_a cinereous_a sprinkle_v and_o as_o it_o be_v bedew_v with_o black_a speck_n the_o toe_n be_v so_o dispose_v as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n two_o forward_a two_o backward_o the_o outmost_a toe_n in_o each_o foot_n be_v equal_a and_o twice_o so_o long_o as_o the_o inmost_a it_o want_v the_o blind_a gut_n like_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o length_n of_o the_o gut_n be_v nine_o inch_n it_o strange_o and_o ridiculous_o turn_v its_o head_n back_o to_o its_o shoulder_n whence_o it_o be_v by_o gaza_n call_v torquilla_n it_o feed_v upon_o ant_n which_o dart_v out_o its_o tongue_n it_o stab_v through_o with_o great_a celerity_n with_o the_o thorny_a point_n we_o mention_v as_o child_n be_v wont_a to_o catch_v frog_n with_o a_o iron_n dart_n shoot_v out_o of_o a_o bow_n and_o draw_v back_o again_o and_o so_o swallow_v they_o never_o touch_v they_o with_o its_o bill_n as_o other_o bird_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v their_o meat_n witness_v gesner_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o himself_o keep_v one_o five_o day_n in_o a_o cage_n and_o affirm_v upon_o his_o own_o experience_n that_o it_o feed_v upon_o no_o other_o food_n but_o ants._n the_o hen_n be_v pale_a and_o more_o cinereous_a than_o the_o cock_n aldrovandus_n observe_v a_o long_a black_a spot_n behind_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o cock_n annot._n i_o describe_v this_o bird_n thus_o the_o quill_n or_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v eighteen_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n mark_v in_o their_o exterior_a web_n with_o red_a spot_n in_o their_o interior_a with_o pale_a one_o so_o situate_v as_o in_o the_o pied_a woodpecker_n the_o throat_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v yellow_a and_o the_o belly_n white_a from_o bill_n to_o tail_n variegated_a with_o thick-set_a cross_a black_a line_n at_o each_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n grow_v white_a feather_n vary_v with_o the_o like_a transverse_a line_n §._o vii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n jacamaciri_n of_o marggrave_n for_o the_o conformity_n of_o its_o foot_n we_o have_v subjoin_v it_o to_o the_o woodpecker_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n it_o have_v a_o straight_a sharp-pointed_a black_a bill_n almost_o two_o
inch_n long_o a_o short_a tongue_n whereinis_fw-la it_o differ_v from_o woodpecker_n blue_a eye_n short_a wing_n which_o end_n a_o little_a beneath_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o tail_n be_v almost_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a straight_o compose_v of_o seven_o or_o eight_o feather_n the_o upper_a leg_n be_v feather_v the_o low_a bare_a the_o skin_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o yellow_a and_o green_a of_o which_o colour_n be_v also_o the_o foot_n in_o each_o foot_n it_o have_v four_o toe_n two_o stand_v forward_o and_o two_o backward_o both_o the_o inner_a toe_n in_o each_o foot_n as_o well_o the_o fore_n as_o the_o back_n one_o be_v but_o half_a so_o long_o as_o the_o outer_a the_o claw_n be_v black_a the_o whole_a head_n upper_z part_n of_o the_o neck_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n above_o be_v of_o a_o green_a colour_n mingle_v with_o golden_a or_o igneous_a so_o that_o they_o shine_v wonderful_o a_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n do_v also_o encompass_v the_o neck_n under_o the_o throat_n on_o the_o breast_n the_o low_a belly_n and_o under_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a yellow_a colour_n like_o yellow_a way_n §._o viii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n curucui_fw-la of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v a_o very_a elegant_a and_o beautiful_a bird_n almost_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pie_n have_v a_o short_a broadish_a bill_n of_o a_o brimston_n colour_n a_o wide_a mouth_n and_o when_o open_a or_o a_o triangular_a figure_n fair_a blue_a eye_n with_o a_o golden_a circle_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v encompass_v the_o pupil_n and_o under_o each_o eye_n a_o spot_n of_o white_a skin_n like_o a_o hen_n in_o the_o eyelid_n above_o and_o beneath_o black_a stiff_a hair_n the_o neck_n not_o long_o the_o leg_n short_a and_o feather_a almost_o to_o the_o foot_n with_o black_a feather_n it_o have_v a_o tail_n five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a of_o a_o good_a breadth_n under_o the_o low_a bill_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o at_o both_o side_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o beard_n make_v up_o of_o black_a bristle_n yet_o shine_v with_o a_o gloss_n of_o blue_a as_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o mallards_n under_o the_o throat_n the_o feather_n be_v only_o black_a the_o whole_a breast_n and_o low_a belly_n be_v of_o a_o excellent_a vermilion_a colour_n the_o whole_a back_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o shine_a green_a with_o a_o gloss_n of_o blue_a and_o golden_a or_o igneous_a colour_n the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n have_v a_o black_a border_n underneath_o the_o tail_n it_o have_v white_a feather_n elegant_o streak_v with_o cross_a black_a line_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o that_o shine_a green_a we_o mention_v the_o middle_a part_n be_v hoary_a the_o black_a feather_n be_v powder_v with_o very_o little_a grey_a speck_n as_o mallards_n use_n to_o be_v the_o utmost_a part_n that_o be_v the_o long_a feather_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a dusky_a or_o blackish_a colour_n the_o leg_n as_o i_o say_v be_v almost_o whole_o clothe_v with_o black_a feather_n what_o be_v bare_a together_o with_o the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n the_o toe_n be_v so_o dispose_v as_o the_o parrot_n the_o feather_n under_o the_o wing_n be_v grey_a §._o ix_o *_o guira_n acangatara_fw-mi of_o the_o brasilian_n marggrav_n this_o bird_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o magpie_n it_o have_v a_o bill_n a_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a chap_n whereof_o be_v a_o little_a hook_a the_o whole_a of_o a_o dark_a yellow_a the_o eye_n crystalline_a with_o a_o dusky_a circle_n the_o neck_n two_o inch_n long_o the_o body_n three_o the_o tail_n very_o long_o viz._n eight_o inch_n consist_v of_o eight_o straight_a feather_n the_o upper_a leg_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a as_o also_o the_o low_a the_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n four_o standing_z as_o in_o parrot_n the_o two_o inward_a in_o each_o foot_n be_v short_a the_o two_o outward_a long_o the_o whole_a head_n be_v clothe_v with_o feather_n which_o in_o their_o middle_n longways_o near_o the_o shaft_n be_v dusky_a in_o their_o side_n yellow_a as_o be_v the_o crest_n the_o neck_n and_o wing_n on_o the_o other_o side_n have_v their_o feather_n yellow_a in_o the_o middle_n and_o dusky_a in_o the_o side_n the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v almost_o whole_o dusky_a the_o whole_a belly_n back_o except_v the_o wing_n upper_a leg_n and_o rise_v or_o base_a of_o the_o wing_n to_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a length_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n have_v white_a feather_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v dusky_a the_o low_a leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o it_o sea-water-colour_n on_o the_o head_n be_v long_a feather_n erect_v like_o a_o crest_n it_o make_v a_o great_a cry_n in_o the_o wood_n §._o x._o *_o the_o brasilian_n aracari_n of_o marggrav_n the_o other_o xochitenacatl_n of_o nieremberg_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o woodpecker_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o common_a green_a one_o have_v a_o bill_n four_o inch_n long_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a broad_a or_o deep_a three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a where_o thick_a i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v so_o much_o by_o measure_n round_n a_o little_a bend_n downward_o like_o a_o turkish_a scymitar_n and_o sharp-pointed_a like_o a_o parrot_n the_o upper_a chap_n be_v a_o little_a long_o than_o the_o low_a both_o upper_a and_o low_a be_v for_o above_o half_a way_n reckon_v from_o the_o end_n serrate_v or_o tooth_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v great_a than_o the_o low_a the_o bill_n be_v hollow_a very_a light_n light_a than_o a_o sponge_n the_o upper_a chap_n white_a distinguish_v by_o a_o black_a line_n run_v along_o the_o middle_n or_o ridge_n from_o head_n to_o point_n the_o low_a chap_n whole_o black_a the_o whole_a bill_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o head_n trianglewise_a and_o where_o the_o insertion_n be_v compass_v about_o with_o a_o triangular_a white_a line_n it_o have_v a_o tongue_n four_o inch_n long_o very_a light_n and_o plain_o resemble_v a_o feather_n to_o see_v to_o or_o else_o be_v feather_v and_o black_a if_o the_o tongue_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o feather_n it_o have_v a_o head_n not_o very_o big_a broad_a and_o compress_v great_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n yellow_a irides_fw-la and_o the_o extremitates_fw-la rest_n of_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o eye_n black_a the_o neck_n be_v not_o long_o than_o a_o parrot_n the_o body_n from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o tail_n be_v about_o five_o inch_n long_o the_o tail_n be_v broad_a like_o a_o woodpecker_n and_o six_o inch_n long_o or_o somewhat_o more_o the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a green_a or_o black_a like_a to_o those_o of_o parrot_n have_v two_o fore-toe_n whereof_o the_o one_o long_a than_o the_o other_o and_o two_o back-toe_n likewise_o of_o unequal_a length_n the_o claw_n crooked_a and_o dusky_a or_o black_a the_o length_n of_o the_o upper_a leg_n be_v two_o inch_n of_o the_o low_a one_o and_o a_o half_a the_o whole_a head_n and_o neck_n as_o far_o as_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v cover_v with_o black_a feather_n which_o where_o they_o end_v be_v terminate_v in_o a_o circle_n the_o breast_n and_o all_o the_o low_a belly_n elegant_o clothe_v with_o yellow_a feather_n mingle_v with_o pavonine_a across_o the_o breast_n from_o the_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o be_v a_o broad_a line_n draw_v of_o a_o sanguine_a colour_n the_o whole_a back_o wing_n tail_n and_o upper_a leg_n be_v cover_v with_o dark_a green_a feather_n or_o black_a with_o a_o gloss_n of_o green_a like_v the_o colour_n usual_a in_o our_o magpie_n the_o end_n of_o the_o back_n above_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o sanguine_a colour_n to_o more_o than_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n the_o wing_n end_v at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o within_o side_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a within_o this_o bird_n do_v as_o it_o be_v pronounce_v its_o own_o name_n cry_v with_o a_o sharp_a voice_n but_o not_o very_o shrill_a aracari_n this_o bird_n be_v very_o like_o the_o toucan_n or_o brasilian_n pie_n the_o conformation_n of_o its_o foot_n argue_v it_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o woodpecker-kind_n we_o see_v the_o bill_n of_o this_o bird_n in_o the_o repository_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n london_n ourselves_o also_o have_v one_o of_o they_o it_o be_v much_o less_o than_o the_o toucans_n bill_n not_o so_o compress_v sideways_o but_o round_a the_o upper_a chap_n whole_o white_a without_o any_o line_n of_o black_a in_o the_o top_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o aracari_n bill_n describe_v
by_o marggrave_n the_o low_a black_a §._o xi_o *_o the_o yellow_a blue-footed_n persian_a woodpecker_n of_o aldrovandus_n this_o bird_n communicate_v to_o i_o by_o tartaglinus_n the_o venetian_a who_o show_v i_o many_o exotic_a animal_n paint_v at_o first_o sight_n from_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n i_o judge_v to_o be_v of_o the_o woodpecker-kind_n in_o bigness_n it_o differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o from_o the_o green_a woodspite_n only_o it_o have_v a_o thick_a head_n and_o neck_n and_o a_o long_a bill_n the_o feather_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n have_v something_o of_o ferrugineous_a but_o the_o bill_n be_v altogether_o ferrugineous_a the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a blue_a the_o claw_n be_v black_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v yellow_a save_v that_o all_o the_o wing-feather_n end_n or_o tip_n incline_v somewhat_o to_o ferrugineous_a and_o that_o a_o spot_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n encompass_n the_o eye_n he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o exotic_a bird_n and_o breed_v in_o persia_n §._o xii_o *_o the_o american_n hang-nest_n call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n guira_n tangeima_fw-la marggr_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n somewhat_o big_a than_o a_o lark_n equal_a to_o the_o spot_a woodpecker_n it_o be_v body_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n long_o its_o neck_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a the_o head_n be_v small_a the_o bill_n straight_o sharp-pointed_a a_o inch_n long_o its_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v like_o those_o of_o other_o bird_n its_o tail_n straight_o four_o inch_n long_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o bill_n be_v black_a except_o the_o low_a part_n where_o it_o be_v insert_v which_o have_v something_o of_o dusky_a the_o head_n and_o neck_n as_o low_a as_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o breast_n very_o black_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n from_o the_o head_n almost_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o coloris_fw-la sky-colour_n through_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o back_o it_o have_v a_o 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thau_fw-fr four_o hundred_o nest_n of_o these_o bird_n of_o which_o there_o be_v there_o a_o very_a great_a number_n which_o hatch_n and_o bring_v up_o three_o brood_n of_o young_a in_o a_o year_n each_o nest_n be_v make_v of_o dry_a grass_n and_o horsehair_n or_o hog_n bristle_n mingle_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o narrow_a cucurbite_n with_o its_o alembick_a long_a in_o the_o whole_a about_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a and_o from_o the_o bottom_n for_o one_o foot_n upward_o hollow_a like_o a_o purse_n the_o remain_v or_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o for_o half_a a_o foot_n be_v solid_a and_o hang_v by_o its_o tip_n on_o the_o tip_n of_o a_o little_a branch_n of_o the_o tree_n all_o these_o nest_n hang_v down_o on_o this_o fashion_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o twig_n of_o tree_n we_o have_v often_o see_v the_o nest_n of_o this_o bird_n artificial_o build_v keep_v among_o other_o rarity_n in_o the_o cabinet_n of_o the_o curious_a i_o persuade_v myself_o that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a bird_n which_o the_o ancient_n understand_v by_o the_o name_n of_o picus_n nidum_fw-la suspendens_fw-la i._n e._n the_o hang-nest-woodpecker_n i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o reason_n why_o this_o shall_v be_v so_o call_v than_o the_o oriolus_n which_o aldrovandus_n take_v to_o be_v the_o picus_n nidum_fw-la suspendens_fw-la antonius_n pigafeta_n write_v that_o parrot_n do_v on_o this_o fashion_n hang_v their_o nest_n on_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o tree_n false_o imagine_v that_o the_o nest_n which_o he_o see_v hang_v on_o the_o twig_n of_o tree_n be_v parrot_n nest_n chap._n vi_o of_o woodpecker_n less_o proper_o so_o call_v §._o i._o the_o nuthatch_n or_o nutjobber_n sitta_n seu_fw-la picus_n cinereus_fw-la it_o be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o a_o chaffinch_n the_o cock_n weigh_v almost_o a_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v five_o inch_n three_o quarter_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n six_o inch_n the_o bill_n be_v straight_o triangular_a black_a above_o underneath_o towards_o the_o throat_n white_a almost_o a_o inch_n long_o measure_v from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o slit_n of_o the_o mouth_n the_o tongue_n broad_a not_o long_a than_o the_o mouth_n horny_a at_o the_o end_n and_o jagged_a the_o nostril_n round_o and_o cover_v with_o small_a bristle_n the_o head_n neck_n and_o back_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n red_a the_o throat_n and_o breast_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a or_o rather_o chesnut-red_n the_o low_a belly_n under_o the_o tail_n have_v some_o red_a feather_n with_o white_a tip_n from_o the_o bill_n through_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o neck_n be_v extend_v a_o long_a black_a stroke_n the_o chin_n be_v white_a the_o number_n of_o flag-feather_n be_v nineteen_o of_o the_o which_o the_o first_o be_v very_o short_a and_o little_a the_o interior_a or_o those_o next_o the_o body_n 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colour_n the_o throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o head_n back_o and_o wing_n incline_v to_o a_o fox-colour_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v whitish_a above_o the_o eye_n on_o each_o side_n be_v a_o white_a spot_n the_o beam-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v eighteen_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v very_o short_a the_o four_o the_o long_a and_o by_o measure_n two_o ½_o inch_n the_o three_o outmost_a be_v dusky_a the_o rest_n have_v white_a tip_n and_o a_o broad_a white_a line_n through_o their_o middle_n something_o incline_v to_o fulvous_a the_o edge_n of_o those_o next_o the_o body_n be_v likewise_o fulvous_a and_o have_v white_a only_o on_o the_o exterior_a side_n of_o their_o shaft_n the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v more_o black_a the_o middlemost_a have_v their_o middle_a part_n fulvous_a all_o their_o tip_n white_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o ten_o feather_n only_o as_o in_o woodspite_n be_v very_o long_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bird_n viz._n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a sharp-pointed_a stiff_a of_o a_o dusky_a red_a or_o red_a dun_a colour_n the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o light_n brown_a the_o leg_n short_a the_o foot_n have_v long_a toe_n all_o arm_a with_o very_o long_o sharp_a white_a claw_n especial_o the_o back-toe_n which_o have_v it_o extraordinary_o long_a like_o a_o lark_n it_o be_v sufficient_o characterise_v and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o bird_n by_o its_o littleness_n and_o bow-bill_n aldrovandus_n attribute_n to_o his_o certhia_n a_o short_a tail_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o we_o it_o run_v up_o the_o body_n and_o bough_n of_o tree_n have_v its_o foot_n and_o tail_n fit_o dispose_v and_o form_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n it_o be_v frequent_a in_o england_n and_o as_o aldrovandus_n report_v build_v in_o the_o hollow_n of_o tree_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o woodpecker_n it_o lay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o egg_n sometime_o they_o say_v not_o few_o than_o twenty_o §._o vi_o the_o hoop_n or_o hoopoe_n upupa_fw-la latinis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d graecis_fw-la it_o weigh_v three_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v twelve_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a its_o breadth_n the_o wing_n be_v stretch_v out_o nineteen_o inch_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a black_a sharp_a and_o something_o bend_v the_o tongue_n small_a as_o aldrovandus_n right_o have_v it_o deep_o withdraw_v in_o the_o mouth_n triangular_a be_v broad_a at_o bottom_n and_o sharp_a at_o top_n like_o a_o perfect_a equilateral_a triangle_n the_o shape_n of_o the_o body_n approach_v to_o that_o of_o a_o plover_n the_o head_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o most_o beautiful_a crest_n two_o inch_n high_a consist_v of_o a_o double_a row_n of_o feather_n reach_v from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o nape_n of_o the_o neck_n all_o along_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n which_o it_o can_v at_o pleasure_n set_v up_o and_o let_v fall_v it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o twenty_o four_o or_o twenty_o six_o feather_n some_o of_o which_o be_v long_a than_o other_o the_o tip_n of_o they_o be_v black_a under_o the_o black_a they_o be_v white_a the_o remain_a part_n under_o the_o white_a be_v of_o a_o chestnut_n incline_v to_o yellow_a the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a red_a the_o breast_n white_a variegated_a with_o black_a stroke_n tend_v downward_o the_o old_a bird_n have_v no_o black_a stroke_n in_o their_o breast_n but_o only_o in_o their_o side_n the_o tail_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a aldrovandus_n say_v six_o make_v up_o of_o ten_o feather_n only_o black_a with_o a_o cross_a mark_n or_o bed_n of_o white_a of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_n or_o parabola_fw-la the_o middle_n be_v towards_o the_o rump_n the_o horn_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o tail_n be_v extend_v further_o than_o the_o wing_n complicate_v there_o be_v in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o quill_n or_o master-feather_n of_o which_o the_o ten_o foremost_a be_v black_a have_v a_o white_a cross_a bar_n which_o in_o the_o second_o three_o four_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o be_v more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n broad_a the_o seven_o follow_a feather_n have_v four_o or_o five_o white_a cross_a bar_n the_o limb_n or_o border_n of_o the_o last_o be_v something_o red_a the_o rump_n be_v white_a the_o long_a feather_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o shoulder_n and_o cover_v the_o back_n be_v vary_v with_o white_a and_o black_a cross_a line_n or_o bar_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o wing_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o low_a eyelid_n big_a than_o the_o upper_a the_o leg_n short_a the_o outmost_a toe_n at_o bottom_n fasten_v to_o the_o middle_n without_o any_o intervening_a membrane_n the_o windpipe_n as_o aldrovandus_n describe_v it_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o divarication_n or_o division_n into_o two_o branch_n which_o go_v to_o the_o lung_n have_v two_o little_a 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sit_v for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o ground_n sometime_o on_o willow_n turner_n say_v that_o it_o be_v find_v no_o where_o in_o brittany_n but_o he_o be_v deceive_v for_o we_o be_v assure_v by_o credible_a person_n that_o it_o be_v sometime_o though_o more_o rare_o see_v in_o northumberland_n and_o also_o in_o surrey_n aristotle_n witness_v that_o it_o make_v its_o nest_n of_o dung_n especial_o man_n dung_n daub_v it_o therewith_o instead_o of_o clay_n it_o take_v its_o name_n in_o both_o language_n greek_a and_o latin_a from_o the_o sound_n of_o its_o voice_n the_o most_o of_o our_o english_a grammarian_n say_v turner_n call_v that_o bird_n upupa_fw-la which_o those_o that_o speak_v barbarous_o from_o the_o noise_n it_o make_v with_o its_o wing_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v vannellus_fw-la and_o they_o in_o their_o own_o language_n a_o lapwing_n this_o inveterate_a error_n our_o grammar_n school_n do_v still_o retain_v they_o say_v the_o hen_n be_v always_o great_a than_o the_o cock_n chap._n vii_o of_o land_n bird_n that_o feed_v upon_o fish_n §._o i._o the_o kingfisher_n ispida_n a_o veterum_fw-la halcyon_n it_o weigh_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o quarter_n in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n exceed_v seven_o inch_n the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v eleven_o inch_n distant_a the_o bill_n be_v almost_o two_o inch_n long_o thick_a strong_a straight_o sharp-pointed_a black_a yet_o whitish_a at_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o low_a mandible_a the_o upper_a chap_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n long_o than_o the_o low_a yet_o in_o some_o bird_n the_o low_a be_v long_o than_o the_o upper_a the_o tongue_n be_v short_a broad_a sharp-pointed_a and_o undivided_a the_o mouth_n within_o of_o a_o saffron-colour_n the_o nostril_n oblong_v the_o chin_n be_v white_a with_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o red_a the_o middle_a also_o of_o the_o breast_n or_o belly_n be_v of_o the_o like_a colour_n the_o low_a belly_n under_o 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of_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o black_a green_a with_o cross_z blue_a line_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o three_o quill_n of_o which_o the_o three_o be_v the_o long_a both_o quil-feather_n and_o those_o next_o to_o they_o have_v their_o exterior_a web_n blue_a their_o interior_a dusky_a the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n all_o except_v those_o cover_n the_o base_a of_o the_o wing_n have_v blue_a tip_n the_o long-feather_n spring_v from_o the_o shoulder_n and_o cover_v the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o bluish_a green_a the_o tail_n be_v short_a about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o a_o dark_a blue_a with_o somewhat_o of_o black_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v very_o short_a and_o little_a black_a before_o red_z behind_z as_o be_v also_o the_o sol_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o the_o back-toe_n the_o structure_n of_o the_o foot_n in_o this_o bird_n be_v singular_a and_o different_a from_o all_o other_o for_o the_o three_o low_a joint_n 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the_o figure_n of_o its_o body_n like_a to_o the_o great_a woodspite_n it_o have_v a_o black_a straight_o and_o sharp-pointed_a bill_n almost_o three_o inch_n long_o black_a eye_n and_o very_o short_a black_a leg_n the_o upper_a leg_n be_v in_o part_n bare_a of_o feather_n the_o foot_n have_v four_o toe_n one_o standing_z backward_o of_o unequal_a length_n for_o the_o two_o outer_a be_v short_a and_o contiguous_a but_o the_o three_o or_o inner_a be_v much_o the_o short_a and_o more_o remote_a the_o claw_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o reach_v further_a than_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o superior_a feather_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n viz._n the_o head_n neck_n wing_n and_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o rusty_a but_o shine_v colour_n about_o the_o neck_n it_o have_v a_o ring_n of_o pure_a white_a feather_n the_o throat_n underside_n of_o the_o neck_n breast_n and_o belly_n be_v also_o clothe_v with_o white_a feather_n near_o both_o the_o eye_n it_o have_v also_o a_o 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upon_o fish_n bellonius_fw-la in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o observation_n write_v thus_o concern_v the_o merops_n fly_v in_o the_o air_n it_o catch_v and_o prey_v upon_o bee_n as_o swallow_n do_v upon_o fly_n it_o fly_v not_o single_o but_o in_o flock_n and_o especial_o by_o the_o side_n of_o those_o mountain_n where_o the_o true_a thyme_n grow_v it_o be_v voice_n be_v hear_v afar_o off_o almost_o like_a to_o the_o whistle_n of_o a_o man_n it_o be_v singular_a elegancy_n invite_v the_o candy_n boy_n to_o hunt_v for_o it_o with_o cicadae_fw-la as_o they_o do_v also_o for_o those_o great_a swallow_n call_v swift_n after_o this_o manner_n bend_v a_o pin_n like_o a_o hook_n and_o tie_v it_o by_o the_o head_n to_o the_o end_n of_o a_o thread_n they_o thrust_v it_o through_o a_o cicada_n as_o boy_n bait_v a_o hook_n with_o a_o fly_n hold_v the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o thread_n in_o their_o hand_n the_o cicada_n so_o fasten_v fly_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o air_n which_o the_o 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to_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o scythe_n than_o in_o that_o the_o head_n neck_n breast_n and_o almost_o the_o whole_a belly_n yellow_a from_o the_o bill_n it_o have_v a_o great_a black_a spot_n which_o be_v carry_v on_o backward_o through_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o chestnut_n colour_n but_o mingle_v with_o green_a and_o yellow_a the_o wing-feather_n be_v paint_v with_o divers_a colour_n for_o the_o first_o the_o uppermost_a be_v blue_a the_o second_o mix_v of_o blue_a and_o yellow_a the_o three_o altogether_o yellow_a the_o four_o viz._n the_o prime_n or_o beam-feather_n black_a with_o red_a tip_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o bright_a green_a the_o low_a of_o a_o very_a fair_a yellow_a so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v half_o green_a half_a yellow_a it_o have_v yellow_a foot_n and_o black_a claw_n §._o v._o *_o the_o brasilian_n guira_n guainumbi_fw-la of_o marggrave_n of_o kin_n to_o the_o merops_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n to_o see_v to_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pigeon_n because_o it_o be_v thick_a and_o deep-feathered_n but_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n the_o feather_n pluck_v off_o be_v indeed_o no_o big_a than_o that_o of_o a_o thrush_n it_o have_v a_o head_n somewhat_o big_a than_o a_o throstle_n a_o black_a bill_n about_o two_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a chap_n whereof_o be_v a_o little_a long_o than_o the_o nether_a both_o upper_a and_o nether_a chap_n be_v on_o both_o side_n tooth_v like_o a_o saw_n it_o have_v short_a leg_n not_o much_o exceed_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n for_o colour_v black_a four_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n one_o situate_a backward_a three_o forward_o as_o be_v ordinary_a but_o the_o first_o or_o inmost_a foretoe_n be_v short_a the_o middlemost_a long_v and_o the_o three_o again_o short_a but_o not_o of_o equal_a rise_n with_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o first_o be_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o also_o of_o the_o second_o but_o 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bigness_n of_o a_o gross_a of_o misnia_n beneath_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v yellow_a with_o a_o black_a pupil_n it_o have_v also_o black_a feather_n mingle_v with_o sapphire-coloured_n the_o throat_n and_o the_o whole_a breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a yellow_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o whole_a back_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o green_a or_o grass_n colour_n but_o wherewith_o a_o sea-green_a be_v mix_v as_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o mallards_n and_o peacock_n from_o the_o knee_n to_o the_o belly_n the_o upper_a leg_n be_v cover_v with_o green_a feather_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n underneath_o it_o bear_v as_o it_o be_v a_o badge_n of_o three_o or_o four_o black_a feather_n and_o about_o they_o sapphirine_n one_o which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o spot_n or_o mark_v this_o bird_n for_o the_o like_a constitution_n of_o its_o foot_n and_o some_o agreement_n in_o colour_n we_o have_v subjoin_v to_o the_o merops_n §._o vi_o the_o water-ouzel_n or_o water-crake_a merula_n aquatica_fw-la this_o bird_n be_v well_o nigh_o as_o big_a as_o the_o common_a blackbird_n weigh_v two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n nine_o in_o breadth_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o twelve_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a it_o have_v a_o short_a body_n than_o the_o blackbird_n and_o a_o thick_a neck_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o sharp-pointed_a slendere_a than_o a_o blackbird_n measure_v from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n about_o a_o inch_n long_o or_o somewhatless_a black-coloured_n the_o head_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a dusky_a colour_n or_o black_a with_o a_o eye_n of_o red_a all_o the_o back_n and_o both_o prime_a and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v particoloured_a of_o cinereous_a and_o black_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n blue_a the_o underside_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o forepart_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v milk_n white_a the_o feather_n contiguous_a to_o the_o white_a be_v red_a the_o low_a belly_n towards_o the_o tail_n black_a the_o eyelid_n white_a round_o about_o it_o have_v in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o quill_n the_o tail_n be_v short_a than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v merula_n scarce_a two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o equal_a length_n the_o leg_n foot_n and_o claw_n be_v black_a the_o outmost_a foretoe_n at_o bottom_n join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a the_o tongue_n be_v black_a slender_a and_o a_o little_a cleave_a at_o the_o tip_n the_o circle_n encompass_v the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n great_a broad_a and_o of_o a_o fair_a hazel_n colour_n the_o eye_n be_v furnish_v with_o nictate_v membrane_n the_o nostril_n be_v long_o the_o plumage_n cover_v the_o wholebody_n thick-set_a as_o in_o water-bird_n it_o frequent_v stony_a river_n and_o watercourse_n in_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o wales_n northumberland_z westmoreland_z yorkshire_n etc._n etc._n that_o i_o j._n r._n describe_v be_v shoot_v beside_o the_o river_n rivelin_fw-mi near_o sheffield_n in_o yorkshire_n that_o mr._n willughby_n describe_v near_o pentambath_n in_o denbighshire_n in_o north-wales_n it_o be_v common_a in_o the_o alps_o in_o switzerland_n where_o they_o call_v it_o wasser-amzel_a it_o feed_v upon_o fish_n yet_o refuse_v not_o infect_v sit_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o river_n it_o now_o and_o then_o flirt_v up_o its_o tail_n although_o it_o be_v not_o webfooted_n yet_o will_v it_o sometime_o dive_v or_o dart_v itself_o quite_o underwater_n it_o be_v a_o solitary_a bird_n company_v only_o with_o its_o
mate_n in_o couple_v and_o breed_v time_n chap._n viii_o the_o great_a land-bird_n of_o a_o peculiar_a kind_n by_o themselves_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o their_o body_n and_o smallness_n of_o their_o wing_n can_v fly_v but_o only_o walk_v §._o i._o the_o ostrich_n struthiocamelus_n what_o occur_v in_o ancient_n and_o modern_a writer_n concern_v this_o bird_n see_v in_o gesner_n and_o aldrovandus_n it_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o bird_n except_o perchance_o the_o eman_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o tall_a yet_o in_o bulk_n of_o body_n be_v well_o nigh_o equal_v to_o it_o mr._n willughby_n say_v it_o be_v either_o equal_a or_o big_a but_o i_o think_v that_o if_o either_o have_v advantage_n of_o other_o in_o magnitude_n it_o be_v the_o ostrich_n when_o it_o hold_v up_o its_o head_n it_o approach_v to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o yard_n pliny_n write_v that_o it_o exceed_v the_o height_n of_o a_o horseman_n sit_v on_o horseback_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o it_o stretch_v its_o neck_n forth_o and_o reach_v upward_o as_o high_a as_o it_o can_v the_o head_n be_v small_a depress_v or_o flat-crowned_a and_o as_o aldrovandus_n true_o like_o a_o goose_n the_o bill_n also_o be_v compress_v and_o compare_v with_o the_o body_n very_o small_a of_o a_o triangular_a figure_n and_o horn_n colour_n the_o tip_n be_v black_a the_o skin_n at_o the_o nostril_n end_n in_o a_o semicircle_n the_o slit_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v large_a reach_v so_o far_o that_o its_o extreme_n or_o angle_n lie_v direct_o under_o the_o eye_n the_o eye_n be_v great_a with_o hazel-coloured_n irides_fw-la of_o all_o great_a bird_n this_o alone_o have_v both_o eyelid_n upper_a and_o low_a as_o pliny_n witness_v which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o not_o we_o leave_v to_o be_v examine_v by_o other_o that_o have_v opportunity_n of_o see_v the_o bird_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n almost_o as_o far_o as_o the_o breast_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n as_o be_v also_o the_o thigh_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o certain_a down_o or_o thin-set_a hair_n instead_o of_o feather_n the_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o thigh_n be_v absolute_o bare_a the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n where_o the_o feather_n begin_v be_v white_a the_o wing_n be_v small_a and_o altogether_o unuseful_a for_o fly_v design_v by_o nature_n only_o to_o assist_v the_o bird_n in_o run_v be_v spread_v and_o move_v the_o feather_n of_o the_o back_n in_o the_o cock_n be_v coalblack_a in_o the_o hen_n only_o dusky_a so_o soft_a that_o they_o resemble_v a_o kind_n of_o wool_n the_o wing-feather_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_o beneath_o but_o above_o in_o their_o upper_a part_n pure_o white_a the_o tail_n be_v thick_a bushy_a and_o round_o not_o as_o in_o other_o bird_n to_o be_v spread_v out_o in_o breadth_n the_o component_a feather_n in_o the_o cock_n be_v whitish_a in_o the_o hen_n duskish_a with_o white_a top_n which_o feather_n be_v in_o great_a request_n for_o soldier_n hat_n helmet_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v neck_n and_o leg_n be_v very_o long_o it_o have_v but_o two_o toe_n want_v the_o back-toe_n and_o inmost_a foretoe_n the_o outer_a toe_n in_o that_o we_o describe_v be_v five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o other_o eight_o the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a foot_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o heel_n eleven_o inch_n the_o long_a toe_n be_v cover_v with_o twenty_o four_o great_a disjoined_a annulary_a scale_n this_o toe_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o great_a strong_a black_a claw_n the_o other_o or_o outer_a toe_n have_v no_o claw_n in_o the_o bird_n we_o describe_v the_o toe_n be_v connect_v with_o a_o thick_a strong_a membrane_n as_o far_o as_o the_o first_o joint_n it_o swallow_v iron_n leather_n grass_n bread_n hair_n and_o whatever_o else_o you_o offer_v it_o promiscuous_o howbeit_o it_o do_v not_o concoct_v iron_n and_o other_o hard_a thing_n but_o avoid_v they_o entire_a by_o siege_n that_o we_o see_v at_o brussels_n be_v usual_o feed_v with_o bread_n mix_v with_o hair_n africa_n produce_v this_o bird_n in_o the_o desert_n whereof_o be_v sometime_o see_v such_o multitude_n of_o they_o in_o company_n that_o to_o they_o that_o behold_v they_o afar_o off_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v troop_n or_o army_n of_o horseman_n they_o be_v also_o find_v abundant_o in_o arabia_n and_o not_o less_o plentiful_o in_o america_n but_o of_o a_o different_a kind_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o they_o lay_v very_o great_a egg_n viz._n sometime_o as_o big_a as_o a_o young_a child_n head_n and_o of_o fifteen_o pound_n weight_n cover_v with_o a_o very_a hard_a and_o stony_a shell_n which_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o sand_n be_v cherish_v only_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n till_o the_o young_a be_v exclude_v for_o the_o writer_n of_o natural_a history_n do_v general_o agree_v that_o the_o old_a bird_n after_o they_o have_v lay_v and_o cover_v their_o egg_n in_o the_o sand_n forsake_v they_o and_o take_v no_o more_o care_n of_o they_o that_o ostrich-feather_n be_v much_o use_v by_o the_o ancient_n for_o the_o adorn_v of_o cap_n helmet_n etc._n etc._n be_v manifest_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o pliny_n and_o that_o still_o they_o retain_v their_o esteem_n be_v also_o use_v now_o adays_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n every_o body_n know_v they_o be_v also_o former_o wont_a to_o be_v employ_v not_o only_o in_o italy_n but_o in_o england_n for_o to_o make_v fan_n for_o gentlewoman_n to_o cool_v themselves_o withal_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n §._o ii_o *_o the_o american_n ostrich_n call_v nhanduguacu_fw-la by_o the_o brasilian_n marggrav_n this_o sort_n be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o the_o african_a their_o leg_n be_v long_o the_o low_a about_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a the_o upper_a a_o foot_n they_o have_v three_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n arm_v with_o thick_a black_a but_o not_o sharp_a claw_n one_o toe_n stand_v backward_o which_o be_v round_o and_o gross_a so_o that_o they_o can_v hardly_o walk_v on_o a_o smooth_a or_o board_v floor_n but_o easy_o slip_v and_o fall_v they_o carry_v their_o neck_n bend_v like_o a_o swan_n or_o stork_n be_v about_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n their_o head_n be_v like_o those_o of_o goose_n they_o have_v fair_a black_a eye_n a_o compress_a or_o flat_a bill_n not_o very_o broad_a two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a they_o have_v little_a wing_n unfit_a for_o flight_n one_o of_o which_o they_o spread_v and_o set_v up_o like_o a_o sail_n to_o assist_v they_o in_o run_v which_o they_o do_v with_o that_o speed_n and_o swiftness_n that_o a_o good_a greyhound_n can_v hardly_o overtake_v they_o their_o whole_a body_n be_v cover_v with_o grey_a feather_n which_o be_v long_a and_o more_o beautiful_a on_o the_o back_n the_o body_n with_o the_o feather_n appear_v almost_o round_o they_o have_v not_o such_o a_o tail_n make_v up_o of_o crest_a feather_n as_o be_v represent_v common_o in_o the_o picture_n of_o ostrich_n but_o the_o feather_n be_v stretch_v forth_o along_o the_o back_n even_o to_o the_o vent_n it_o swallow_v bit_n of_o iron_n brass-mony_n dice_n or_o any_o the_o like_a thing_n you_o offer_v it_o but_o concoct_v they_o not_o cast_v they_o out_o again_o by_o siege_n it_o feed_v on_o fruit_n and_o flesh_n it_o be_v frequent_a in_o the_o field_n of_o the_o captainship_n capitania_n of_o serigippo_n and_o the_o capitania_n of_o rio_n grande_fw-fr in_o fernambuco_n it_o be_v not_o find_v it_o be_v flesh_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v §._o iii_o the_o cassowary_a or_o emeu_n of_o aldrovandus_n clusius_n nierembergius_n bontius_n and_o wormius_n we_o have_v see_v four_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n at_o london_n three_o male_n and_o one_o female_a viz._n one_o male_a among_o his_o majesty_n bird_n keep_v in_o st._n james_n park_n near_o westminster_n two_o male_n and_o a_o female_a at_o mr._n maydstons_n a_o east-india_n merchant_n in_o newgate-market_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o east_n indies_n it_o have_v a_o horny_a crown_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n only_o thin-set_a with_o a_o hairy_a down_o the_o skin_n be_v of_o a_o purplish_a blue_a colour_n except_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v red_a or_o of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n hand_n down_o two_o wattles_n or_o lobe_n of_o flesh_n as_o low_a as_o the_o breast_n it_o have_v a_o very_a wide_a mouth_n the_o bill_n be_v near_o four_o inch_n long_o of_o a_o moderate_a thickness_n and_o straight_o the_o leg_n be_v thick_a and_o strong_a it_o have_v three_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n all_z standing_z forward_z for_o it_o want_v the_o back-toe_n the_o claw_n of_o
of_o elegant_a black_a feather_n cover_v the_o head_n the_o white_a point_n or_o spot_n round_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v variegated_a as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o shade_n §._o vii_o macucagua_n of_o the_o brasilian_n a_o bird_n of_o the_o hen-kind_n marggrave_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o our_o country_n hen_n or_o big_a have_v a_o black_a bill_n more_o than_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a forward_o a_o little_a crooked_a like_o a_o partridge_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v two_o large_a hole_n for_o nostril_n the_o eye_n be_v black_a and_o behind_o they_o at_o a_o little_a distance_n be_v the_o ear_n as_o in_o hen_n the_o body_n thick_a and_o great_a wherewith_o the_o wing_n end_n for_o it_o have_v no_o tail_n the_o low_a leg_n be_v bare_a two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a it_o have_v in_o its_o foot_n three_o toe_n stand_v forward_o thick_a with_o short_a and_o blunt_a claw_n a_o round_a heel_n like_o a_o ostrich_n and_o a_o little_a above_o that_o a_o short_a toe_n towards_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o leg_n with_o a_o blunt_a talon_n the_o whole_a head_n and_o neck_n be_v speckle_v with_o a_o dark_a yellow_a and_o black_a under_o the_o throat_n it_o be_v white_a the_o breast_n belly_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o wing_n be_v all_o over_o of_o a_o umber-colour_n wave_v with_o black_a except_o the_o prime_a feather_n which_o be_v whole_o black_a the_o upper_a leg_n be_v clothe_v with_o feather_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o belly_n the_o low_a together_o with_o the_o foot_n be_v blue_a the_o claw_n grey_a it_o be_v a_o very_a fleshy_a bird_n and_o have_v so_o much_o flesh_n as_o scarce_o two_o ordinary_a hen_n have_v and_o that_o also_o well_o taste_v under_o the_o outer_a skin_n which_o be_v thick_a and_o fat_a it_o have_v another_o membrane_n wherewith_o the_o flesh_n be_v cover_v it_o live_v upon_o divers_a fruit_n that_o fall_v from_o wild_a tree_n i_o find_v in_o its_o stomach_n wild_a bean_n the_o seed_n of_o araticu_n etc._n etc._n it_o run_v upon_o the_o ground_n for_o its_o foot_n be_v unfit_a to_o climb_v tree_n it_o lay_v egg_n a_o little_o big_a than_o hen_n egg_n of_o a_o bluish_a green_a colour_n this_o may_v have_v be_v put_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n among_o the_o wild_a bird_n chap._n xi_o wild_a bird_n of_o the_o poultry-kind_n and_o first_o of_o all_o the_o granivorous_a §._o i._o the_o pheasant_n phasianus_n this_o bird_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o phasis_n a_o river_n in_o colchis_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v into_fw-mi europe_n aldrovandus_n not_o improbable_o take_v this_o word_n to_o be_v rather_o derive_v from_o the_o hebrew_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o same_o sound_n and_o as_o he_o suppose_v signification_n they_o differ_v much_o in_o weight_n according_a as_o they_o be_v fat_a or_o lean_a one_o cock_n we_o make_v trial_n in_o weigh_n fifty_o ounce_n another_o but_o forty_o five_o a_o hen_n thirty_o three_o it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v thirty_o six_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n twenty_o four_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v thirty_o three_o inch_n the_o bill_n like_o to_o that_o of_o other_o granivorous_a bird_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n a_o inch_n three_o quarter_n long_o in_o old_a bird_n whitish_a it_o have_v on_o both_o side_n a_o fleshy_a and_o tuberous_a membrane_n by_o which_o it_o be_v above_o join_v to_o the_o head_n under_o which_o the_o nostril_n be_v as_o it_o be_v hide_v the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v yellow_a a_o red_a or_o scarlet_a colour_n according_a to_o aldrovandus_n powder_v with_o black_a speck_n compass_n the_o eye_n round_o for_o a_o good_a breadth_n in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n the_o feather_n be_v black_a with_o a_o kind_n of_o purple_a gloss_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v tincture_v with_o a_o dark_a green_a shine_v like_o silk_n which_o colour_n yet_o be_v more_o dilute_a on_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n aldrovandus_n write_v that_o the_o crown_n common_o be_v of_o a_o very_a elegant_a shine_a ash-colour_n at_o the_o side_n and_o near_o the_o bill_n be_v green_a and_o either_o in_o sun_n or_o shade_n very_o changeable_a which_o most_o beautiful_a colour_n do_v also_o take_v up_o the_o neck_n whole_a neck_n above_o mr._n willughby_n make_v the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n to_o be_v of_o a_o shine_a blue_a with_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o red_a and_o as_o well_o the_o head_n as_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o appear_v sometime_o blue_a sometime_o green_a it_o have_v moreover_o on_o both_o side_n the_o head_n about_o the_o ear_n feather_n stick_v out_o which_o pliny_n call_v horn_n there_o grow_v also_o to_o the_o ear_n in_o their_o low_a angle_n black_a feather_n long_o than_o the_o rest_n the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o throat_n be_v of_o a_o shine_a purple_a colour_n note_v that_o as_o well_o the_o green_a as_o the_o purple_a colour_n inhere_v only_o in_o the_o exterior_a part_n or_o border_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o rest_n i._n e._n the_o middle_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n dusky_a on_o the_o neck_n black_a the_o feather_n under_o the_o chin_n and_o at_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v black_a with_o green_a edge_n or_o border_n below_o the_o green_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o breast_n shoulder_n middle_a of_o the_o back_n and_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n be_v clothe_v with_o most_o beautiful_a feather_n have_v their_o bottom_n black_a their_o edge_n tinct_a with_o a_o most_o beautiful_a colour_n which_o as_o it_o be_v diverse_o object_v to_o the_o light_n appear_v either_o black_a or_o purple_a next_o to_o the_o purple_a in_o each_o feather_n be_v a_o cross_a line_n or_o bed_n of_o a_o most_o splendid_a gold_n colour_n below_o the_o gold_n a_o fulvous_a which_o reach_v as_o low_a as_o the_o black_a bottom_n we_o mention_v howbeit_o the_o gold_n colour_n be_v not_o immediate_o contiguous_a to_o the_o fulvous_a but_o divide_v by_o a_o intermediate_v narrow_a line_n of_o a_o shine_a purplish_a on_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o extremity_n top_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v paint_v with_o a_o black_a spot_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o parabola_fw-la the_o shaft_n of_o all_o be_v fulvous_a the_o feather_n themselves_o about_o the_o shaft_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o under_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v mark_v with_o a_o oval_a white_a spot_n in_o the_o black_a bottom_n we_o speak_v of_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o shoulder_n and_o middle_a of_o the_o back_o be_v variegated_a with_o these_o colour_n first_o their_o edge_n be_v fulvous_a next_o succeed_v a_o narrow_a purplish_a line_n than_o a_o 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gold_n colour_n and_o that_o their_o bottom_n or_o low_a part_n be_v all_o dusky_a the_o tail_n if_o you_o measure_v the_o middle_a feather_n which_o be_v much_o long_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v full_a twenty_o six_o inch_n long_o almost_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o organ_n for_o as_o in_o that_o the_o pipe_n on_o each_o side_n be_v gradual_o long_a and_o long_o or_o big_a and_o big_a the_o big_a be_v the_o middlemost_a so_o be_v it_o in_o this_o tail_n those_o two_o middlemost_a feather_n which_o as_o we_o say_v be_v the_o long_a of_o all_o have_v on_o each_o side_n they_o eight_o all_o of_o different_a magnitude_n the_o exterior_a short_a and_o lesser_a than_o the_o interior_a in_o order_n to_o the_o outmost_a they_o
except_o the_o exterior_a edge_n of_o those_o next_o the_o body_n which_o be_v red_a the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v short_a than_o the_o second_o the_o three_o the_o long_a of_o all_o the_o interior_a bastard_n wing_n be_v make_v up_o of_o white_a feather_n the_o feather_n also_o on_o the_o under_o side_n of_o the_o wing_n next_o to_o the_o flag_n be_v white_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n in_o both_o sex_n yet_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v some_o pretty_a great_a white_a spot_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v clothe_v with_o a_o long_a thick_a plumage_n or_o down_n to_o the_o utmost_a end_n of_o the_o toe_n the_o tail_n be_v more_o than_o a_o handful_n long_o not_o fork_v consist_v of_o sixteen_o feather_n all_o black_a except_o the_o two_o middlemost_a which_o be_v vary_v with_o red_a the_o flesh_n be_v very_o tender_a especial_o in_o the_o young_a one_o not_o so_o white_a as_o a_o hen_n it_o be_v frequent_a in_o the_o high_a mountain_n of_o derbyshire_n yorkshire_n westmoreland_n and_o wales_n it_o lay_v five_o six_o seven_o or_o eight_o egg_n seldom_o more_o one_o inch_n three_o quarter_n long_o sharp_a at_o one_o end_n all_o speckled_a with_o dark_a red_a speck_n or_o point_n only_o towards_o the_o sharp_a end_n be_v one_o or_o two_o bed_n void_a of_o sport_n the_o young_a be_v infest_a with_o belly-worm_n which_o sometime_o as_o they_o fly_v hang_v down_o a_o foot_n length_n from_o behind_o we_o take_v this_o fowl_n to_o be_v the_o lagopus_fw-la altera_fw-la of_o pliny_n lib._n 10._o cap._n 48._o it_o delight_v to_o abide_v in_o the_o high_a top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o with_o we_o never_o come_v down_o into_o the_o plain_n yea_o seldom_o into_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n this_o be_v the_o bird_n which_o bellonius_fw-la call_v the_o attagen_fw-la as_o we_o say_v before_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o attagen_fw-la of_o aldrovandus_n and_o take_v that_o bird_n which_o the_o savoyard_n call_v the_o white_a partridge_n and_o pliny_n lagopus_n to_o be_v a_o variety_n of_o this_o for_o it_o be_v all_o over_o white_a and_o have_v the_o leg_n cover_v with_o feather_n though_o fine_a like_o the_o attagen_fw-la the_o italian_n also_o call_v both_o kind_n francolino_n and_o indeed_o the_o colour_n and_o bigness_n except_v the_o red_a game_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lagopus_fw-la the_o figure_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o whole_a body_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o the_o foot_n alike_o feather_v to_o the_o very_a claw_n so_o that_o mr._n willughby_n also_o together_o with_o bellonius_fw-la do_v sometime_o suspect_v that_o they_o differ_v rather_o accidental_o than_o specifical_o but_o to_o i_o so_o great_a difference_n of_o colour_n and_o bigness_n do_v necessary_o infer_v a_o diversity_n of_o kind_n the_o flesh_n of_o these_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o tribe_n do_v sudden_o corrupt_a and_o therefore_o the_o fowler_n so_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o take_v they_o present_o exenterate_v they_o and_o stuff_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o belly_n with_o green_a ling._n §._o viii_o *_o bellonius_fw-la his_o damascus_n partridge_n which_o aldrovand_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o other_o lagopus_n of_o pliny_n there_o be_v say_v he_o no_o wild_a bird_n at_o damascus_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o partridge_n of_o that_o country_n they_o be_v less_o than_o the_o red_a or_o ash-coloured_a in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o back_n and_o neck_n they_o resemble_v a_o woodcock_n but_o their_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n for_o where_o they_o be_v join_v to_o the_o body_n they_o be_v cover_v with_o white_a dusky_a and_o fulvous_a feather_n ten_o of_o the_o prime_a feather_n be_v cinereous_a the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o belly_n be_v white_a it_o have_v a_o collar-like_a mark_n on_o its_o breast_n like_o the_o ousel_n merula_n torquata_fw-la consist_v of_o red_a fulvous_a and_o yellow_a colour_n else_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n in_o the_o bill_n and_o eye_n it_o be_v like_o a_o partridge_n and_o have_v a_o short_a tail_n we_o have_v rank_v it_o with_o the_o water_n rail_v or_o woodcock_n or_o plover_n but_o that_o its_o leg_n be_v feather_v like_o the_o savoyard_n white_a partridge_n which_o be_v the_o lagopus_n or_o a_o rough-footed_a dove_n this_o if_o right_o describe_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o lagopus_n or_o heath_n cock_n which_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v and_o the_o least_o of_o that_o kind_n that_o we_o have_v yet_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o chap._n xiii_o bird_n of_o the_o poultry-kind_n that_o want_v the_o back-toe_n §._o 1._o the_o bustard_n otis_n seu_fw-la tarda_fw-la avis_fw-fr it_o be_v for_o bigness_n nothing_o inferior_a to_o a_o turkey_n it_o be_v length_n measure_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v sixty_o inch_n it_o be_v breadth_n or_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v two_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v bill_n like_o a_o hen_n the_o upper_a chap_n be_v something_o crooked_a the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o belly_n white_a the_o back_o variegated_a with_o red_a and_o black_a transverse_a line_n it_o want_v the_o back-toe_n which_o be_v especial_o remarkable_a for_o by_o this_o note_n alone_o and_o its_o bigness_n it_o be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n it_o feed_v upon_o corn_n seed_n of_o herb_n colewort_n dandelion_n leave_v etc._n etc._n in_o the_o stomach_n of_o one_o diffect_v we_o find_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o hemlock_n seed_n with_o three_o or_o four_o grain_n of_o barley_n and_o that_o in_o harvest_n time_n on_o new-market_n and_o royston_n heath_n in_o cambridgeshire_n and_o suffolk_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o waste_v and_o plain_n they_o be_v find_v with_o we_o they_o be_v of_o slow_a flight_n and_o when_o they_o be_v light_v can_v hardly_o raise_v themselves_o from_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o bulk_n and_o weight_n of_o their_o body_n from_o whence_o without_o doubt_n they_o get_v the_o latin_a name_n tarda_fw-la they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o scots_a gustardae_n as_o hector_n boethius_n witness_v in_o these_o word_n in_o march_n a_o province_n of_o scotland_n be_v bird_n breed_v call_v in_o the_o vulgar_a dialect_n gustarde_n the_o colour_n of_o who_o feather_n and_o their_o flesh_n be_v not_o unlike_o the_o partridge_n but_o the_o bulk_n of_o their_o body_n exceed_v the_o swan_n some_o say_v one_o may_v catch_v they_o with_o one_o hand_n before_o they_o can_v compose_v themselves_o to_o fly_v but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o though_o as_o we_o say_v before_o it_o be_v long_o ere_o they_o can_v raise_v themselves_o from_o the_o earth_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o timorous_a and_o circumspect_a and_o will_v not_o suffer_v a_o man_n to_o come_v within_o a_o furlong_n of_o they_o before_o they_o take_v wing_n and_o fly_v away_o yet_o our_o fowler_n report_n that_o they_o may_v be_v run_v down_o with_o greyhound_n italy_n say_v aldrovandus_n have_v none_o of_o these_o bird_n unless_o they_o be_v bring_v over_o accidental_o by_o the_o force_n of_o tempestuous_a wind_n but_o we_o when_o we_o travel_v in_o italy_n do_v see_v in_o the_o market_n at_o modena_n a_o bustard_n to_o be_v sell_v whence_o we_o suspect_v that_o there_o be_v of_o they_o in_o that_o country_n though_o some_o discommend_v their_o flesh_n yet_o with_o we_o it_o be_v esteem_v both_o delicate_a and_o wholesome_a hence_o but_o chief_o for_o its_o rarity_n the_o bustard_n sell_v very_o dear_a serve_v only_o to_o furnish_v prince_n and_o great_a man_n table_n at_o feast_n and_o public_a entertainment_n §._o ii_o the_o french_a canne-petiere_a anas_n campestris_fw-la or_o tetrax_n of_o bellonius_fw-la the_o field-duck_n seem_v to_o we_o to_o be_v a_o bird_n peculiar_a to_o france_n where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o country_n man_n but_o know_v it_o at_o least_o by_o name_n it_o be_v so_o call_v not_o because_o it_o be_v a_o water-bird_n but_o because_o it_o sit_v on_o the_o ground_n like_o the_o water-duck_n but_o it_o have_v no_o similitude_n or_o agreement_n with_o waterfowl_n be_v a_o land-bird_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pheasant_n the_o head_n save_v the_o bigness_n resemble_v a_o quail_n the_o bill_n a_o pullet_n it_o be_v more_o know_v by_o its_o name_n than_o by_o its_o shape_n for_o we_o have_v a_o country-proverb_n against_o suspicious_a person_n wherein_o we_o say_v that_o they_o play_v the_o land_n duck._n it_o be_v take_v in_o plain_n and_o open_a field_n as_o they_o take_v partridge_n in_o snare_n with_o net_n and_o à _fw-fr la_fw-fr for_o i_o and_o also_o with_o hawk_n but_o it_o be_v very_o crafty_a in_o
back_n again_o not_o one_o bird_n remain_v insomuch_o that_o as_o far_o as_o ever_o i_o can_v hear_v there_o be_v never_o see_v young_a fieldfare_n or_o redw_v or_o so_o much_o as_o a_o nest_n of_o those_o bird_n with_o we_o in_o england_n whither_o they_o betake_v themselves_o or_o where_o they_o breed_v be_v not_o to_o we_o perfect_o know_v it_o be_v by_o some_o report_v that_o they_o breed_v in_o bohemia_n other_o tell_v we_o with_o much_o confidence_n in_o sweden_n they_o have_v a_o hoarse_a chatter_a note_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o magpie_n by_o reason_n the_o side_n of_o the_o fissure_v in_o the_o palate_n be_v rough_a as_o we_o conjecture_v this_o kind_n of_o thrush_n say_v gesner_n love_v to_o feed_v upon_o berry_n of_o all_o sort_n especial_o those_o of_o juniper_n with_o we_o in_o england_n they_o be_v very_o greedy_a of_o holly-berry_n this_o bird_n be_v account_v very_o good_a meat_n and_o prefer_v far_o before_o the_o missel-bird_n in_o open_a weather_n they_o feed_v upon_o worm_n and_o other_o infect_v lie_v much_o upon_o meadow_n and_o pasture-ground_n §._o iv._o the_o redw_v swinepipe_n or_o wind-thrush_n turdus_n iliacus_fw-la sive_fw-la illas_fw-la aut_fw-la tylas_n it_o be_v rather_o less_o than_o the_o mavis_n not_o exceed_v two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a in_o weight_n it_o be_v length_n from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n be_v eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a its_o bill_n a_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a mandible_a dusky_a the_o low_a partly_o dusky_a partly_o yellow_a it_o be_v tongue_n hard_a and_o rough_a the_o tip_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o filament_n the_o mouth_n withinside_o be_v yellow_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o dark_a hazel_n colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n pale_a the_o outer_a toe_n join_v to_o the_o middle_n below_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o that_o of_o the_o mavis_n the_o breast_n not_o so_o much_o spot_v the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o body_n under_o the_o wing_n which_o in_o the_o mavis_n be_v yellow_a in_o this_o kind_n be_v of_o a_o red_a orange-colour_n by_o which_o mark_n it_o be_v chief_o distinguish_v from_o it_o the_o belly_n be_v white_a as_o in_o the_o fieldfare_n the_o throat_n and_o breast_n yellowish_a spot_v with_o dusky_a spot_n which_o take_v up_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o side_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n spot_v the_o spot_n be_v less_o but_o thick_a set_n than_o in_o the_o mavis_n above_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o long_a spot_n or_o line_n of_o a_o clay_n colour_n reach_v from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n the_o number_n of_o quill-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o almost_o all_o small_a bird_n be_v eighteen_o these_o be_v more_o red_a or_o chesnut-coloured_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n they_o differ_v also_o in_o divers_a bird_n for_o in_o some_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v white_a which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o other_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o two_o inmost_a quill-feather_n as_o also_o of_o the_o second_o row_n of_o feather_n begin_v from_o the_o ten_o be_v white_a the_o tail_n be_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o gizzard_n like_o those_o of_o the_o precedent_n the_o blind_a gut_n in_o like_a manner_n very_o short_a we_o find_v in_o this_o some_o remainder_n of_o the_o channel_n convey_v the_o yolk_n into_o the_o gut_n the_o liver_n be_v large_a for_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n and_o have_v its_o gallbladder_n appendant_a in_o the_o stomach_n dissect_v we_o find_v divers_a sort_n of_o infect_v snail_n etc._n etc._n it_o come_v to_o we_o from_o beyond_o sea_n as_o the_o fieldfare_n with_o which_o it_o fly_v in_o company_n observe_v the_o same_o time_n of_o come_v and_o return_v whither_o it_o go_v and_o where_o it_o breed_v be_v not_o to_o we_o certain_o know_v perchance_o in_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o bohemia_n or_o hungaria_n as_o gesner_n say_v he_o have_v hear_v it_o be_v flesh_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o bitterness_n be_v less_o esteem_v dr._n charleton_n think_v they_o be_v call_v in_o english_a wind-thrush_n because_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n when_o strong_a wind_n blow_v by_o which_o perchance_o they_o be_v assist_v in_o their_o passage_n they_o come_v fly_v over_o to_o we_o from_o beyond_o sea_n i_o rather_o think_v we_o borrow_v that_o name_n from_o the_o german_n who_o call_v this_o bird_n wyntrostel_n that_o be_v vineyard_n thrush_n because_o as_o bellonius_fw-la report_n they_o feed_v upon_o grape_n and_o be_v very_o noisome_a to_o the_o vineyard_n so_o that_o they_o be_v by_o mistake_n call_v wind-thrush_n their_o true_a name_n be_v wine-thrush_n §._o v._o *_o the_o brasilian_n tamatia_n of_o marggrave_n this_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n or_o small_a woodpecker_n all_o spot_a like_o a_o throstle_n or_o mavis_n on_o the_o belly_n it_o have_v white_a feather_n with_o dusky_a spot_n it_o be_v yellow_a under_o the_o throat_n as_o also_o about_o the_o neck_n it_o have_v a_o long_a red_a bill_n a_o little_a dusky_a above_o the_o upper_a chap_n somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o nether_a above_o the_o nostril_n stand_v up_o certain_a slender_a feather_n like_o hair_n or_o bristle_n it_o have_v four_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n and_o crooked_a claw_n it_o be_v head_n be_v big_a than_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n require_v as_o also_o its_o bill_n not_o know_v better_o whether_o to_o refer_v this_o bird_n for_o its_o agreement_n with_o thrush_n in_o bigness_n and_o colour_n i_o have_v place_v it_o here_o chap._n xviii_o bird_n of_o the_o thrush-kind_n that_o be_v black_a of_o colour_n §._o i._o the_o common_a blackbird_n merula_n vulgaris_fw-la it_o be_v little_a or_o nothing_o less_o than_o a_o fieldfare_n of_o four_o ounce_n weight_n nine_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o claw_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n ten_o and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o cock_n eleven_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o inch_n long_o in_o the_o cock_n of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a in_o the_o hen_n the_o tip_n and_o upper_a part_n be_v black_a the_o mouth_n in_o both_o sex_n be_v yellow_a within_o the_o bill_n in_o young_a cock-bird_n be_v black_a and_o turn_v not_o perfect_o yellow_a till_o they_o be_v near_o a_o year_n old_a the_o circumference_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v also_o yellow_a the_o cock_n after_o he_o have_v mew_v his_o chicken_n feather_n become_v coalblack_a the_o hen_n and_o young_a cock-bird_n be_v rather_o brown_a or_o of_o a_o dark_a russet_a than_o black_a their_o breast_n have_v something_o of_o radish_n and_o their_o belly_n of_o ash-colour_n the_o cock_n while_o young_a can_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o hen_n by_o their_o colour_n the_o number_n of_o quill-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v eighteen_o of_o which_o the_o four_o be_v the_o long_a the_o tail_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o equal_a length_n save_o the_o two_o outmost_a which_o be_v somewhat_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o foot_n be_v black_a the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n and_o the_o back-toe_n be_v equal_a and_o the_o outmost_a toe_n join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a at_o bottom_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n and_o have_v its_o gallbladder_n annex_v the_o gizzard_n not_o very_o fleshy_a nor_o thick_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n it_o feed_v promiscuous_o upon_o berry_n and_o infect_v i_o can_v not_o find_v any_o remainder_n of_o the_o yolk-channel_n in_o the_o gut_n the_o cock_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v very_o canorous_a whistle_a and_o sing_v very_o pleasant_o all_o the_o spring_n and_o summertime_n only_o their_o note_n be_v too_o loud_a and_o shrill_a near_o hand_n the_o hen_n lay_v four_o or_o five_o egg_n seldom_o more_o at_o once_o of_o a_o bluish_a green_a colour_n full_a of_o dusky_a spot_n and_o line_n on_o the_o alps_o the_o apennine_n and_o other_o high_a mountain_n be_v sometime_o find_v bird_n of_o this_o kind_n all_o over_o white_a we_o ourselves_o see_v one_o in_o a_o poulterer_n shop_n at_o rome_n particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a but_o this_o we_o look_v upon_o as_o accidental_a either_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o region_n or_o the_o constant_a intuition_n of_o snow_n effect_v this_o alteration_n of_o colour_n as_o in_o crow_n raven_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o we_o do_v not_o think_v a_o white_a blackbird_n pardon_v the_o seem_a contradiction_n in_o adjecto_fw-la to_o differ_v specifical_o from_o a_o
or_o carnation_n colour_n its_o head_n tuft_a its_o wing_n and_o tail_n black_a the_o prime_a feather_n be_v near_o a_o chestnut_n colour_n the_o bill_n next_o the_o head_n black_a else_o of_o a_o flesh_n colour_n the_o foot_n of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a or_o saffron-colour_n the_o cock_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v of_o a_o more_o lively_a and_o lovely_a colour_n the_o head_n of_o the_o hen_n be_v in_o colour_n like_o to_o the_o cock_n but_o the_o neck_n wing_n and_o tail_n not_o so_o black_a as_o he_o they_o become_v very_o fat_a and_o be_v account_v good_a meat_n we_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o see_v this_o bird_n neither_o do_v we_o remember_v to_o have_v elsewhere_o read_v or_o hear_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o §._o vii_o the_o red-breasted_a indian_a blackbird_n perchance_o the_o jacapu_n of_o marggrave_n we_o see_v the_o case_n of_o this_o bird_n in_o tradescant_n cabinet_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n and_o shape_n of_o a_o blackbird_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v judge_v by_o the_o dry_a skin_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a upper_a side_n be_v black_a only_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n about_o the_o rump_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n the_o bill_n like_o a_o blackbird_n the_o tail_n also_o long_o and_o like_o a_o blackbird_n i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o same_o bird_n which_o marggrave_n describe_v under_o the_o title_n of_o jacapu_n of_o the_o brasilian_n though_o he_o attribute_v to_o it_o only_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n it_o have_v say_v he_o a_o long_a tail_n short_a wing_n short_a and_o black_a leg_n with_o sharp_a claw_n on_o the_o four_o toe_n a_o bill_n a_o little_a crooked_a and_o black_a half_o a_o inch_n long_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v cover_v with_o shine_v black_a feather_n yet_o under_o the_o throat_n spot_n of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o black_a this_o bird_n differ_v from_o we_o in_o its_o smallness_n and_o the_o shortness_n of_o its_o bill_n §._o viii_o the_o ring-ouzel_n merula_n torquata_fw-la it_o be_v like_a and_o equal_a to_o or_o somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o common_a blackbird_n from_o bill_n to_o tail_n eleven_o inch_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n ten_o and_o a_o quarter_n the_o wing_n extend_v be_v by_o measure_n seventeen_o inch_n the_o bill_n more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o of_o a_o dark_a dusky_a or_o blackish_a colour_n the_o mouth_n yellow_a withinside_o the_o tongue_n rough_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a hazel_n colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n dusky_a the_o outer_a toe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middle_a as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v a_o dark_a brown_a or_o russet_a incline_v to_o black_a the_o feather_n cover_v the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v mark_v with_o a_o long_a whitish_a spot_n down_o the_o shaft_n have_v also_o white_a edge_n the_o ring_n or_o collar_n be_v below_o the_o throat_n just_a above_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o white_a colour_n a_o inch_n broad_a of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n the_o horn_n end_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n it_o have_v eighteen_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n twelve_o in_o the_o tail_n the_o outmost_a be_v a_o little_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n four_o inch_n long_o the_o exterior_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a than_o the_o middlemost_a the_o small_a feather_n under_o the_o wing_n whitish_a in_o a_o bird_n that_o i_o describe_v at_o rome_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o also_o of_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o head_n and_o wing_n be_v cinereous_a the_o ring_n also_o be_v not_o white_a but_o ash-coloured_a i_o suppose_v this_o be_v either_o a_o young_a bird_n or_o a_o hen._n it_o have_v a_o large_a gall_n and_o a_o round_a spleen_n in_o the_o stomach_n we_o find_v infect_v and_o berry_n like_v to_o curran_n these_o bird_n be_v common_a in_o the_o alps_o in_o rhoetia_n and_o switzerland_n they_o be_v also_o find_v in_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o derbyshire_n yorkshire_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n they_o say_v that_o the_o female_a of_o this_o kind_n have_v no_o ring_n whence_o i_o persuade_v myself_o that_o the_o bird_n which_o i_o sometime_o describe_v for_o the_o merula_n saxatilis_n or_o montana_n that_o be_v the_o rock-ouzel_n of_o gesner_n p._n 584._o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o hen_n ring-ouzel_n it_o near_o resemble_v the_o common_a blackbird_n in_o bigness_n figure_n and_o colour_n yet_o be_v in_o some_o thing_n manifest_o different_a viz._n it_o be_v a_o think_v big_a have_v a_o long_a body_n and_o not_o so_o dark_a a_o colour_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v ten_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n nine_o and_o a_o half_a its_o breadth_n one_o foot_n and_o five_o inch_n its_o weight_n three_o ounce_n and_o two_o drachm_n the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n the_o shoulder_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n in_o a_o word_n the_o whole_a upper_a side_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n the_o number_n of_o quill-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o the_o tail_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a not_o fork_v black_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o underside_n viz._n the_o breast_n belly_n sides_n thigh_n and_o under-covert_n of_o the_o wing_n particoloured_a of_o brown_a and_o white_a or_o rather_o cinereous_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o feather_n be_v brown_a and_o the_o border_n round_o about_o cinereous_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v every_o way_n like_o the_o common_a blackbird_n except_v the_o colour_n which_o in_o this_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o blackish_a the_o inside_n of_o the_o mouth_n as_o in_o that_o yellow_a the_o leg_n be_v of_o a_o moderate_a length_n and_o dusky_a colour_n as_o also_o the_o foot_n and_o claw_n the_o gut_n indifferent_a large_a but_o not_o very_o long_o and_o consequent_o not_o have_v many_o revolution_n the_o blind_a gut_n small_a white_z and_o very_o short_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o stomach_n or_o gizzard_n be_v of_o a_o moderate_a bigness_n fill_v partly_o with_o infect_v partly_o with_o the_o purple_a juice_n of_o bill-berry_n which_o have_v also_o tinctured_a all_o the_o excrement_n of_o the_o gut_n it_o be_v usual_o conversant_a about_o the_o rock_n and_o steep_a cliff_n of_o high_a mountain_n this_o we_o describe_v be_v shoot_v by_o fr._n jessop_n esq_n on_o a_o cliff_n or_o scarborow_n call_v rive-edge_n where_o they_o dig_v millstone_n not_o far_o from_o a_o village_n call_v hathersedge_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o peak_n of_o derbyshire_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o rock-ouzel_n §._o ix_o *_o the_o rock_n ousel_n or_o mountain_n ousel_n of_o gesner_n call_v in_o high_a dutch_a berg-amzel_a merula_n saxatilis_fw-la seu_fw-la montana_n it_o differ_v from_o the_o ring-ouzel_n 1._o in_o that_o it_o want_v a_o ring_n 2._o in_o that_o the_o throat_n be_v russet_a red_a with_o black_a spot_n the_o belly_n be_v cinereous_a with_o black_a spot_n 3._o that_o the_o extreme_a edge_n of_o the_o great_a wing-feather_n be_v whitish_a and_o the_o lesser_a row_n have_v sometime_o white_a spot_n in_o their_o middle_n about_o their_o shaft_n but_o these_o difference_n be_v not_o to_o i_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o induce_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o this_o bird_n be_v a_o species_n different_a from_o the_o ring-ouzel_n at_o least_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o hen_n in_o that_o kind_n want_v a_o ring_n and_o differ_v other_o way_n in_o colour_n from_o the_o cock_n as_o we_o have_v be_v inform_v yet_o will_v we_o not_o be_v very_o confident_a or_o positive_a but_o refer_v it_o to_o further_a inquiry_n and_o observation_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v aldrovandus_n his_o 1._o colour_n merula_n bicolor_a describe_v lib._n 16._o cap._n 12._o vary_v with_o two_o colour_n especial_o viz._n dusky_a or_o blackish_a and_o red_a yellow_a 2._o ousel_n merulae_fw-la congener_fw-la aldrov_n lib._n 16._o cap._n 13._o have_v a_o red_a line_n near_o the_o bill_n 3._o ousel_n merulae_fw-la congener_fw-la alia_fw-la in_o chap._n 14._o of_o the_o same_o book_n like_v to_o the_o ash-coloured_a butcher-bird_n which_o because_o we_o have_v not_o see_v nor_o read_v of_o elsewhere_o we_o omit_v whosoever_o please_v may_v look_v out_o their_o figure_n and_o description_n in_o the_o place_n cite_v the_o second_o of_o these_o aldrovandus_n see_v only_o paint_v neither_o do_v he_o see_v the_o first_o alive_a chap._n xix_o of_o the_o starling_n and_o bird_n akin_a to_o it_o §._o i._o a_o stare_n or_o starling_n sturnus_fw-la the_o cock_n weigh_v three_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a the_o hen_n
spot_n and_o a_o few_o black_a one_o the_o throat_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v dark_a than_o the_o belly_n for_o that_o the_o foremention_v colour_n be_v there_o more_o mingle_v and_o confound_v whereas_o in_o the_o belly_n they_o be_v more_o distinct_a and_o make_v great_a spot_n if_o you_o heed_v each_o feather_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o bottom_n to_o be_v blue_a in_o the_o middle_a a_o yellow_a spot_n encompass_v with_o a_o black_a line_n and_o the_o top_n white_a the_o wing_n be_v long_o reach_v almost_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o description_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o leg_n we_o have_v already_o give_v in_o mr._n willughby_n word_n and_o have_v nothing_o further_a to_o add_v concern_v they_o it_o be_v say_v to_o abide_v and_o build_v in_o mountainous_a place_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o cage_n for_o its_o sing_n i_o suspect_v that_o bellonius_fw-la his_o solitary_a sparrow_n be_v the_o same_o with_o this_o bird_n though_o the_o description_n answer_v not_o exact_o in_o all_o thing_n §._o iv._o *_o the_o brasilian_n pitanga_n guacu_fw-la call_v by_o the_o portugnese_n bemtere_n marggrav_fw-mi in_o bigness_n it_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o stare_v have_v a_o thick_a broad_a pyramidal_a bill_n a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o word_n outward_o sharp_a a_o broad_a compress_a head_n a_o short_a neck_n which_o sit_v it_o contract_v or_o draw_v up_o a_o body_n near_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n dusky_a four_o toe_n dispose_v in_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o head_n upper_z side_z of_o the_o neck_n the_o whole_a back_o wing_n and_o tail_n of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o black_a mingle_v with_o a_o little_a green_a the_o under_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o breast_n and_o low_a belly_n have_v yellow_a feather_n but_o above_o by_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o crown_n like_v that_o of_o a_o monk_n of_o a_o white_a colour_n it_o have_v a_o loud_a shrill_a cry_n some_o of_o these_o bird_n have_v on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n a_o yellow_a spot_n and_o some_o have_v it_o partly_o of_o a_o clay_n colour_n else_o in_o all_o thing_n like_a this_o kind_n be_v call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n cuiriri_fw-la chap._n xx._n atinga_n guacu_fw-la mucu_fw-la of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o throstle_n have_v a_o great_a head_n a_o neck_n of_o a_o moderate_a length_n a_o body_n three_o inch_n long_o the_o bill_n a_o little_a hook_a of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o green_a and_o yellow_a sanguine_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n the_o leg_n be_v ash-coloured_a of_o a_o moderate_a length_n above_o the_o knee_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v cover_v with_o feather_n in_o the_o foot_n four_o toe_n dispose_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n a_o exceed_a long_a tail_n viz._n of_o about_o nine_o inch_n consist_v of_o about_o ten_o feather_n of_o which_o some_o of_o the_o low_a be_v short_a than_o the_o upper_a the_o whole_a head_n neck_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n have_v brown_a or_o soot_n fuligineous_a feather_n which_o in_o the_o tail_n be_v darker-coloured_n than_o the_o rest_n the_o end_n of_o each_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n for_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n be_v white_a and_o between_o the_o white_a and_o red_a part_v shade_v with_o black_a the_o throat_n breast_n low_a belly_n and_o thigh_n be_v cover_v with_o ash-coloured_a feather_n on_o the_o head_n it_o have_v long_a feather_n which_o it_o can_v set_v up_o like_o two_o horn_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n remarkable_a for_o the_o length_n of_o its_o tail_n for_o its_o agreement_n in_o bigness_n its_o bill_n and_o some_o other_o accident_n we_o have_v subjoin_v it_o to_o the_o thrush-kind_n chap._n xxi_o the_o witwall_n as_o it_o be_v by_o some_o call_v galbula_n seu_fw-la picus_n nidum_fw-la suspendens_fw-la aldrov_n oriolus_n alberti_fw-la chloreus_n aristotelis_fw-la &_o icterus_n plinii_n in_o aldrovandus_n his_o judgement_n this_o bird_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v by_o measure_n ten_o inch_n long_o equal_a in_o magnitude_n to_o or_o somewhat_o big_a than_o a_o thrush_n its_o bill_n more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o red_a like_o a_o thrush_n but_o big_a and_o long_o its_o tongue_n cleave_v and_o rough_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o its_o eye_n red_a its_o leg_n foot_n and_o toe_n of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o hind-toe_n near_o the_o rise_n of_o it_o be_v broad_a and_o callous_a the_o outer_a toe_n join_v to_o the_o middle_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n up_o to_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a but_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o also_o of_o the_o ten_o and_o four_o subsequent_a white_a and_o the_o utmost_a edge_n of_o the_o three_o and_o four_o the_o foremost_a feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v almost_o half_a way_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a else_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o whole_a wing_n black_a the_o twelve_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v of_o equal_a length_n viz._n about_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o two_o middlemost_a black_a the_o rest_n have_v their_o upper_a half_n yellow_a their_o low_a black_a all_o the_o body_n beside_o be_v of_o a_o bright_a yellow_a very_o beautiful_a to_o behold_v so_o that_o for_o the_o lustre_n and_o elegancy_n of_o its_o colour_n it_o scarce_o give_v place_n to_o any_o of_o the_o american_n bird_n between_o the_o eye_n and_o nostril_n on_o each_o side_n it_o have_v a_o black_a spot_n in_o the_o female_a the_o colour_n be_v not_o so_o fair_a and_o lively_a the_o yellow_a be_v mingle_v with_o black_a and_o brown_a the_o breast_n shade_v with_o dusky_a line_n the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n and_o the_o two_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n green_fw-mi the_o young_a one_o also_o be_v green_a and_o have_v their_o breast_n spot_v the_o gut_n be_v sixteen_o inch_n long_o great_a and_o lax_n the_o blind_a gut_n very_o small_a and_o short_a the_o testicle_n round_o in_o the_o belly_n we_o find_v caterpillar_n we_o shoot_v this_o bird_n near_o frankfurt_n in_o germany_n afterward_o we_o see_v many_o of_o they_o at_o naples_n in_o the_o poulterer_n shop_n whence_o we_o guess_v that_o they_o be_v frequent_a in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o structure_n of_o the_o nest_n and_o how_o artificial_o it_o hang_v it_o see_v in_o aldrovand_n the_o low_a dutch_a call_v this_o bird_n by_o a_o very_a fit_a name_n goutmerle_n that_o be_v the_o golden_a ousel_n for_o it_o agree_v with_o thrush_n or_o blackbird_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n in_o the_o bigness_n also_o food_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v it_o be_v call_v galbula_n or_o galgulus_n from_o its_o yellow_a colour_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n of_o passage_n gesner_n write_v that_o it_o come_v into_o his_o country_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o may_n but_o sometime_o also_o in_o april_n after_o who_o come_v they_o have_v certain_a hope_n that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o frost_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o delight_n in_o hot_a place_n and_o season_n it_o feed_v wonderful_o fat_a have_v very_o delicate_a flesh_n and_o yield_v wholesome_a nourishment_n and_o no_o wonder_n since_o it_o be_v akin_a to_o the_o thrush_n and_o use_v the_o same_o food_n viz._n infect_v and_o berry_n chap._n xxii_o *_o matuitui_fw-la of_o marggravius_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o stare_v have_v a_o short_a neck_n a_o strong_a breast_n short_a leg_n a_o tail_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a it_o have_v a_o straight_a strong_a bill_n the_o upper_a chap_n whereof_o be_v a_o little_a prominent_a the_o point_n incline_v downward_o of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n the_o whole_a head_n upper_z side_z of_o the_o neck_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v brown_a spot_v with_o a_o pale_a yellow_a partly_o speckle_v like_o a_o sparrow-hawk_n under_o the_o throat_n it_o have_v yellow_a feather_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a speckled_a with_o brown_a the_o leg_n of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n chap._n xxiii_o *_o guirapunga_n of_o marggrave_n the_o cry_n of_o this_o bird_n may_v be_v hear_v a_o great_a way_n off_o it_o be_v big_a than_o the_o missel-bird_n almost_o equal_a to_o a_o pigeon_n have_v a_o bill_n a_o inch_n long_o and_o pretty_a broad_a acutum_fw-la sharp-pointed_a the_o upper_a part_n a_o little_a prominent_a above_o the_o low_a and_o bend_v downward_o black_a have_v wide_a or_o open_a nostril_n it_o be_v mouth_n be_v large_a the_o slit_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o eye_n so_o that_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o mouth_n with_o the_o bill_n form_v a_o triangle_n it_o have_v a_o short_a tongue_n eye_n between_o black_a and_o blue_a under_o the_o throat_n which_o be_v broad_a and_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o
its_o rump_n breast_n and_o belly_n milkwhite_a under_o the_o chin_n the_o white_a be_v somewhat_o more_o sullen_a or_o obscure_a each_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o master-feather_n from_o the_o ten_o the_o six_o or_o seven_o follow_v have_v their_o tip_n broad_a and_o indent_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o body_n interior_a quil-feather_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n be_v less_o fork_a than_o in_o the_o house-swallow_n the_o feather_n from_o the_o middle_n on_o each_o side_n be_v long_o in_o order_n the_o exterior_a than_o the_o interior_a almost_o by_o a_o equal_a excess_n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o house-swallow_n the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o who_o tail_n as_o we_o say_v before_o exceed_v the_o next_o three_o time_n as_o much_o as_o they_o do_v the_o follow_v etc._n etc._n the_o length_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o middlemost_a one_o and_o three_o quarter_n in_o the_o stomach_n of_o the_o young_a of_o this_o kind_n we_o find_v no_o stone_n but_o many_o fly_n and_o beetle_n this_o bird_n build_v a_o round_a nest_n like_o the_o house-swallow_n and_o also_o of_o like_a matter_n yet_o not_o in_o chimney_n but_o in_o window_n under_o eve_n of_o house_n etc._n etc._n it_o differ_v moreover_o in_o that_o the_o house-swallow_n nest_n be_v like_o those_o of_o other_o bird_n semicircular_a and_o all_o open_a above_o but_o its_o nest_n be_v cover_v above_o a_o round_a hole_n only_o be_v leave_v open_a in_o the_o side_n by_o which_o the_o old_a one_o go_v in_o and_o out_o §._o iii_o the_o sand-martin_n or_o shore-bird_n hirundo_fw-la riparia_fw-la aldrov_n this_o bird_n be_v the_o least_o that_o we_o know_v of_o the_o swallow-kind_n be_v from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n no_o more_o than_o five_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v small_a sharp_a flat_a black_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n half_a a_o inch_n long_o its_o tongue_n cleave_v its_o eye_n great_a its_o foot_n dusky_a at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o back-toe_n a_o few_o small_a feather_n grow_v else_o the_o leg_n be_v bare_a as_o far_o as_o the_o knee_n it_o be_v head_n neck_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a dun_a or_o mouse_n colour_n its_o chin_n breast_n and_o belly_n white_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o throat_n a_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o mouse-dun_a encompass_n the_o neck_n the_o number_n of_o feather_n in_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o swallow_n but_o the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a than_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o back_n from_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o last_o all_o of_o equal_a length_n the_o six_o next_o to_o the_o ten_o have_v their_o tip_n indent_v the_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o three_o quarter_n long_o the_o outmost_a a_o inch_n and_o half_a it_o build_v in_o the_o hole_n of_o river-bank_n lay_v five_o or_o six_o egg_n make_v its_o nest_n of_o straw_n bent_n etc._n etc._n within_o of_o feather_n on_o which_o it_o lay_v its_o eggs._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a martin_n in_o have_v no_o white_a upon_o the_o rump_n nor_o its_o foot_n feather_v as_o that_o have_v of_o this_o kind_a great_a number_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o market_n at_o valentia_n in_o spain_n to_o besold_a for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o kitchen_n where_o the_o fowler_n and_o country_n people_n call_v they_o butterfly_n papilion_n di_fw-fr montagna_n they_o be_v frequent_a also_o in_o holland_n and_o no_o less_o in_o england_n §._o iv._o the_o black_a martin_n or_o swift_n hirundo_fw-la apus_fw-la this_o be_v the_o big_a of_o all_o swallow_n we_o have_v hitherto_o see_v it_o have_v a_o great_a head_n a_o huge_a wide_a mouth_n but_o a_o very_a small_a black_a bill_n wherein_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o caprimulgus_fw-la churn-owl_n towards_o the_o nostril_n broad_a and_o depress_v it_o be_v tongue_n be_v broad_a and_o somewhat_o cleave_v its_o nostril_n long_o place_v oblique_o obtuse_a towards_o the_o head_n acute_a towards_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n its_o eye_n great_a and_o their_o irides_fw-la of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n it_o have_v almost_o no_o variety_n or_o difference_n of_o colour_n in_o the_o whole_a body_n for_o as_o well_o the_o upper_a as_o the_o low_a side_n and_o also_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v black_a with_o a_o obscure_a tincture_n of_o green_a or_o red_a only_o under_o the_o chin_n be_v a_o notable_a spot_n of_o white_a or_o ash-colour_n it_o have_v in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o quil-feather_n all_o end_n in_o sharp_a point_n but_o especial_o the_o exterior_a one_o the_o tail_n be_v about_o a_o hand-breadth_n long_o consist_v of_o but_o ten_o feather_n from_o the_o middle_n to_o the_o outmost_a in_o order_n one_o long_o than_o another_o end_v all_o in_o sharp_a point_n its_o leg_n be_v very_o short_a but_o thick_a its_o foot_n very_o small_a all_o its_o toe_n stand_v forward_o for_o the_o least_o which_o in_o other_o be_v wont_a to_o stand_v backward_o be_v in_o this_o place_v the_o same_o way_n with_o the_o rest_n the_o least_o toe_n have_v as_o in_o other_o bird_n one_o bone_n the_o other_o three_o contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o all_o other_o that_o we_o know_v beside_o it_o have_v all_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o bone_n or_o joint_n viz._n only_a two_o the_o one_o very_o short_a the_o other_o long_o the_o toe_n also_o be_v all_o divide_v from_o the_o very_a rise_n the_o gallbladder_n be_v little_a the_o stomach_n not_o very_o fleshy_a out_o of_o which_o dislect_v we_o take_v beetle_n and_o other_o infect_v they_o say_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o shortness_n of_o its_o leg_n if_o it_o happen_v to_o alight_v or_o fall_v upon_o the_o ground_n it_o can_v raise_v itself_o up_o again_o but_o may_v easy_o be_v catch_v wherefore_o it_o do_v either_o always_o fly_v or_o sit_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o church_n tower_n or_o other_o ancient_a building_n it_o be_v weight_n be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o claw_n five_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n seven_o and_o a_o quarter_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v sixteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o this_o kind_n we_o have_v see_v the_o picture_n of_o one_o have_v its_o whole_a nether_a part_n throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n white_a and_o as_o we_o say_v before_o scaliger_n mention_n one_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o buzzard_n §._o v._o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o sea-swallow_n this_o bird_n in_o my_o judgement_n belong_v not_o to_o this_o family_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v rank_v with_o the_o aldrovandus_n lesser_a lari_n or_o seagull_n it_o be_v say_v aldrovandus_n much_o big_a than_o a_o swallow_n and_o have_v long_a leg_n it_o be_v whole_a belly_n up_o to_o the_o breast_n be_v white_a its_o head_n wing_n and_o back_o duskish_a its_o wing_n and_o tail_n as_o in_o swallow_n be_v very_o long_o and_o of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n but_o brown_a withinside_o it_o be_v tail_n be_v fork_v it_o be_v bill_n strong_a and_o black_a as_o in_o a_o gull_n its_o mouth_n mouth_n wide_a and_o of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n within_o from_o the_o bill_n through_o the_o eye_n almost_o to_o the_o breast_n be_v extend_v a_o notable_a black_a line_n which_o near_o the_o breast_n make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o collar_n the_o foot_n be_v as_o black_a as_o jet_v and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o less_o than_o a_o swallow_n for_o its_o likeness_n it_o be_v call_v by_o fowler_n the_o sea_n swallow_n §._o vi_o *_o the_o american_n swallow_n call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n tapera_n by_o the_o portague_n andorinha_n marggrav_fw-mi it_o be_v like_o our_o country_n swallow_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n and_o fly_v about_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o have_v a_o short_a broad_a black_a bill_n a_o wide_a mouth_n which_o it_o can_v open_v beyond_o the_o region_n of_o the_o eye_n like_o the_o great_a ibijan_a elegant_a black_a eye_n long_a wing_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v of_o a_o good_a breadth_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n like_o those_o of_o our_o country_n swallow_n all_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o head_n the_o neck_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n feather_n be_v of_o a_o brown_a colour_n mingle_v with_o grey_a the_o belly_n be_v white_a as_o be_v also_o the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n dusky_a this_o bird_n perchance_o may_v not_o differ_v specifical_o from_o our_o european_a black_a martin_n or_o swift_n for_o that_o as_o we_o before_o observe_v the_o european_a swift_n vary_v sometime_o in_o colour_n be_v find_v with_o a_o white_a
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or_o red_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o feather_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v soft_a and_o stand_v ruffle_a out_o as_o in_o a_o jay_n in_o all_o other_o point_v it_o agree_v with_o the_o above_o describe_v so_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v the_o same_o the_o three_o and_o four_o muscicapae_n of_o aldrovand_n differ_v not_o i_o think_v from_o this_o nor_o from_o one_o another_o otherwise_o than_o in_o colour_n it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o heath_n and_o be_v very_o querulous_a §._o iv._o *_o the_o brasilian_n guiraru_n nheengeta_n of_o marggrave_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o american_n chat._n it_o be_v as_o big_a or_o a_o little_o big_a than_o a_o water-blackbird_n or_o crack_v have_v a_o straight_a compress_a black_a bill_n more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o sapphire-coloured_n eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n the_o thigh_n upper_a leg_n be_v cover_v with_o ash-coloured_a feather_n the_o low_a with_o a_o black_a skin_n as_o 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the_o interior_a by_o a_o intervening_a membrane_n which_o we_o have_v not_o observe_v in_o other_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o body_n from_o red_a incline_v to_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o head_n more_o cinereous_a the_o chin_n white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o throat_n white_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o red_a the_o breast_n also_o and_o low_o belly_n be_v something_o red_a in_o the_o hen_n the_o breast_n be_v white_a without_o any_o mixture_n of_o red_a the_o outmost_a edge_n of_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a quil-feather_n be_v white_a the_o exterior_a edge_n of_o those_o next_o the_o body_n be_v red_a the_o extreme_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n on_o each_o side_n have_v all_o their_o exterior_a web_n and_o half_a their_o interior_a white_a of_o the_o next_o to_o these_o the_o tip_v only_o be_v white_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v black_a only_o the_o extreme_a border_n or_o edge_n especial_o of_o the_o two_o middlemost_a incline_v to_o cinereous_a it_o frequent_v garden_n and_o feed_v upon_o beetle_n fly_n and_o other_o infect_v creep_v and_o hop_v up_o and_o down_o in_o bush_n like_o the_o hedg-sparrow_n it_o build_v also_o in_o bush_n not_o far_o from_o the_o ground_n the_o outer_a part_n of_o the_o nest_n be_v make_v of_o the_o tender_a stalk_n of_o herb_n and_o dry_a straw_n the_o middlemost_a of_o fine_a bent_n and_o soft_a grass_n the_o inner_a on_o which_o the_o egg_n lie_v of_o horsehair_n or_o other_o long_a hair_n it_o lay_v about_o five_o egg_n oblong_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n mingle_v of_o white_a and_o green_a besprinkle_v over_o with_o black_a speck_n this_o bird_n be_v very_o like_o the_o ficedula_fw-la above_o describe_v yet_o differ_v in_o some_o particular_n especial_o that_o the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n in_o this_o be_v white_a whereas_o in_o that_o the_o tail_n be_v all_o of_o one_o colour_n among_o the_o doubtful_a bird_n of_o this_o kind_n at_o least_o to_o we_o not_o sufficient_o know_v we_o reckon_v 1._o the_o small_a nightingale_n lusciniola_n or_o roussette_n of_o bellonius_fw-la which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o aldrovand_n tom_n 2._o pag._n 767._o perchance_o the_o same_o with_o the_o giarola_n of_o aldrovand_n have_v a_o red_a bill_n and_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o body_n like_o a_o quail_n 2._o oenanthe_n congener_fw-la aldrov_n tom_fw-mi 2._o p._n 764._o 3._o the_o other_o spipola_n of_o aldrovand_n tom_fw-mi 2._o p._n 731._o the_o description_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o set_v down_o edition_n p._n 153._o which_o perchance_o may_v be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o spipoletta_n or_o with_o our_o whin-chat_n p._n 168._o 4._o spipola_n tertia_fw-la or_o boarina_n of_o aldrovand_n p._n 732._o which_o we_o have_v already_o enter_v the_o description_n of_o p._n 153._o 5._o the_o stoparola_n of_o aldrovand_n p._n 732_o which_o you_o may_v find_v also_o in_o pag._n 153._o of_o this_o work_n 6._o boarina_n of_o aldrovand_n p._n 733._o who_o description_n we_o have_v subjoin_v to_o the_o ficedula_fw-la p._n 158._o 7._o grisola_n which_o we_o have_v annex_v to_o our_o spipoletta_n pag._n 153._o 8._o anthos_fw-la or_o florus_n which_o we_o have_v remember_v in_o our_o chapter_n of_o oenanthe_n pag._n 169._o these_o and_o some_o other_o bird_n comprehend_v by_o aldrovandus_n in_o three_o chapter_n viz._n twenty_o six_o twenty_o seven_o and_o twenty_o eight_o of_o the_o seventeen_o book_n under_o the_o title_n of_o spipolae_fw-la stoparolae_fw-la and_o muscicapae_n seem_v to_o we_o reducible_a to_o three_o or_o four_o species_n viz._n to_o the_o white-throat_n or_o moucherolle_v or_o passer_n rubi_fw-la for_o bellonius_fw-la his_o moucherolle_n be_v perchance_o another_o sort_n of_o bird_n and_o the_o beccasigo_n or_o black-cap_n chap._n xvii_o the_o water-wagtail_n motacilla_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d §._o i._o the_o white_a
fringillago_n this_o small_a bird_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o chaffinch_n have_v a_o bill_n scarce_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o and_o blackish_a black_a eye_n the_o whole_a head_n low_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n breast_n and_o low_a belly_n and_o utmost_a half_n of_o the_o back_o be_v clothe_v with_o blue_a feather_n the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o fore-half_a of_o the_o back_o be_v cover_v with_o black_a the_o wing_n also_o be_v black_a but_o in_o their_o beginning_n have_v some_o blue_a feather_n intersperse_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a yet_o have_v blue_a edge_n the_o tail_n be_v almost_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o also_o black_a and_o the_o wing_n end_v a_o little_a beyond_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n be_v dusky_a and_o each_o foot_n have_v four_o toe_n place_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n §._o iv._o the_o cole-mouse_n parus_n after_o gesneri_fw-la pag._n 616._o the_o head_n be_v by_o gesner_n right_o describe_v to_o be_v black_a with_o a_o white_a spot_n in_o the_o hinder_a part_n the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o greenish_a ash-colour_n the_o rump_n green_a the_o wing_n and_o tail_n dusky_a the_o exterior_a edge_n of_o the_o prime_a wing-feather_n green_a the_o interior_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n have_v white_a tip_n the_o tail_n when_o shut_v appear_v something_o fork_v from_o dusky_a incline_n to_o green_a the_o bill_n be_v straight_o round_o black_a the_o leg_n foot_n and_o claw_n bluish_a or_o of_o a_o lead-colour_n this_o be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o this_o kind_n by_o its_o smallness_n be_v other_o note_n want_v it_o be_v abundant_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a titmouse_n it_o weigh_v two_o drachm_n be_v from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n four_o inch_n three_o quarter_n long_o and_o between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v seven_o inch_n broad_a the_o number_n of_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v eighteen_o the_o tail_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o three_o quarter_n long_o and_o compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n §._o v._o the_o marsh_n titmouse_n or_o black-cap_n parus_n palustris_fw-la gesneri_fw-la the_o head_n of_o this_o be_v black_a the_o cheek_n white_a the_o back_o greenish_a the_o foot_n of_o a_o lead-colour_n it_o differ_v from_o that_o next_o above_o describe_v 1._o in_o that_o it_o be_v big_a 2._o that_o it_o have_v a_o large_a tail_n 3._o that_o it_o want_v the_o white_a spot_n on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o head_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v under_o side_n be_v white_a 5._o that_o it_o have_v less_o black_a under_o the_o chin._n 6._o that_o it_o want_v those_o white_a spot_n in_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n it_o weigh_v more_o than_o three_o drachm_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n it_o be_v by_o measure_n four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o distance_n between_o the_o extreme_a tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v eight_o inch_n the_o number_n of_o wing_n and_o tail-feather_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o small_a bird_n the_o tail_n be_v more_o than_o two_o inch_n long_o compose_v of_o feather_n of_o equal_a length_n gesner_n make_v the_o back_n of_o this_o bird_n dusky_a incline_v to_o cinereous_a §._o vi_o the_o blue_a titmouse_n or_o nun_n parus_n caeruleus_fw-la the_o bill_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v pretty_a short_a thick_a sharp_a and_o of_o a_o dusky_a blackish_a colour_n the_o tongue_n broad_a end_v in_o four_o filament_n the_o leg_n of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o outmost_a toe_n at_o bottom_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o middle_a one_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o azure_a colour_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o circle_n of_o white_a as_o it_o be_v a_o wreath_n or_o coronet_n to_o the_o white_a circle_n succeed_v another_o particoloured_a encompass_v the_o throat_n and_o hinder_v part_n of_o the_o head_n above_o be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o head_n towards_o the_o throat_n and_o under_o the_o throat_n black_a below_o this_o circle_n on_o the_o neck_n be_v a_o white_a spot_n from_o the_o bill_n a_o black_a line_n pass_v through_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n the_o cheek_n be_v white_a the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a the_o side_n breast_n and_o belly_n yellow_a save_v that_o a_o whitish_a line_n produce_v as_o far_o as_o the_o vent_n divide_v the_o breast_n in_o two_o in_o the_o cock-bird_n the_o head_n be_v more_o blue_a in_o the_o hen_n and_o young_a one_o less_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o quil-feather_n next_o the_o body_n be_v white_a as_o also_o the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o foremost_a from_o the_o middle_a part_n upward_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v blue_a the_o innermost_a of_o which_o with_o their_o white_a tip_n make_v a_o white_a line_n across_o the_o wing_n the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o of_o a_o blue_a colour_n only_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v a_o little_a white_a it_o be_v weight_n be_v three_o drachm_n its_o length_n from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o claw_n four_o its_o breadth_n the_o wing_n extend_v eight_o inch_n the_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o beside_o the_o outmost_a short_a one_o the_o tail-feather_n twelve_o §._o vii_o the_o crest_a titmouse_n parus_n cristatus_fw-la aldrov_n this_o have_v a_o pretty_a short_a big_a bill_n of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n it_o be_v tongue_n be_v broad_a and_o divide_v into_o four_o filament_n its_o foot_n of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o outer_a toe_n for_o some_o space_n from_o their_o divarication_n join_v to_o the_o middle_a one_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n black_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v white_a at_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n begin_v a_o black_a line_n which_o like_o a_o wreath_n or_o collar_n encompass_n the_o neck_n from_o the_o low_a mandible_a of_o the_o bill_n to_o this_o collar_n be_v a_o black_a line_n produce_v to_o the_o collar_n and_o chin_n be_v another_o bed_n or_o border_n of_o white_a contiguous_a but_o beyond_o the_o ear_n be_v a_o spot_n of_o black_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v white_a the_o side_n something_a red_a the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v dusky_a only_o the_o exterior_a edge_n of_o the_o feather_n somewhat_o green_a the_o back_n from_o red_a incline_n to_o green_a it_o weigh_v two_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a be_v from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n five_o inch_n long_o from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n extend_v eight_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n broad_a the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v eighteen_o in_o number_n the_o tail-feather_n twelve_o the_o tail_n two_o inch_n long_o the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n half_o a_o inch_n §._o viii_o the_o long-tailed_a titmouse_n parus_n caudatus_fw-la the_o crown_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v white_a the_o neck_n black_a from_o the_o bill_n above_o the_o eye_n on_o each_o side_n to_o the_o hinder-part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v a_o broad_a black_a line_n produce_v the_o jaw_n and_o throat_n be_v white_a the_o breast_n white_a vary_v with_o small_a dusky_a spot_n the_o belly_n and_o side_n of_o a_o dilute_a chesnut_n colour_n of_o which_o but_o mix_v with_o black_a both_o the_o back_n and_o also_o the_o rump_n partake_v the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o obscure_a dusky_a colour_n the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o interior_a of_o these_o be_v white_a the_o singular_a structure_n or_o conformation_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n difference_n this_o bird_n from_o all_o other_o small_a bird_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o for_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v the_o short_a the_o rest_n in_o order_n long_o to_o the_o middlemost_a which_o be_v the_o long_a and_o that_o by_o a_o notable_a difference_n or_o excess_n as_o in_o the_o magpie_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n the_o top_n and_o outer_a 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they_o climb_v up_o and_o down_o the_o side_n with_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o parrot_n it_o be_v a_o most_o voracious_a bird_n much_o delight_a and_o feed_v very_o fat_a with_o hempseed_n it_o also_o love_v fir-kernel_n and_o in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n and_o february_n build_v its_o nest_n in_o those_o or_o the_o like_a tree_n they_o say_v that_o with_o one_o stroke_n of_o its_o bill_n it_o will_v in_o a_o trice_n divide_v a_o apple_n in_o half_n that_o it_o may_v feed_v upon_o the_o kernel_n by_o that_o mean_n do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mischief_n in_o orchard_n in_o some_o part_n of_o germany_n bavaria_n suevia_n noricum_n they_o be_v find_v in_o great_a number_n all_o the_o year_n round_o sometime_o they_o come_v over_o to_o we_o and_o in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o england_n especial_o worcestershire_n make_v bad_a work_n spoil_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o fruit_n in_o our_o orchard_n one_o thing_n also_o more_o say_v aldrovandus_n seem_v to_o i_o strange_a and_o unusual_a in_o the_o cross-bill_n that_o in_o the_o wintertime_n when_o all_o thing_n shrink_v with_o cold_a and_o other_o bird_n be_v mute_a she_o sing_v and_o in_o summer_n when_o other_o bird_n sing_v she_o be_v silent_a which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o no_o let_v those_o observe_v among_o who_o such_o bird_n be_v common_a it_o sing_v they_o say_v very_o sweet_o chap._n v._o of_o sparrow_n these_o bird_n feed_v upon_o grain_n of_o corn_n crumb_n of_o bread_n worm_n and_o divers_a seed_n their_o bill_n be_v short_a thick_a and_o something_o crooked_a their_o colour_n testaceous_a or_o earthy_a they_o be_v very_o salacious_a and_o therefore_o hold_v to_o be_v short-lived_a §._o i._o the_o house-sparrow_n passer_n domesticus_fw-la aldrov_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o well_o know_v and_o every_o where_o obvious_a bird_n be_v 1⅛_n ounce_n its_o length_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o 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black_a but_o towards_o their_o bottom_n something_o of_o white_a terminate_v the_o red_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o back_n and_o rump_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o thrush_n make_v up_o as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o mixture_n of_o green_a dusky_a and_o ash-colour_n the_o hen-bird_n want_v that_o black_a spot_n under_o the_o throat_n as_o also_o the_o white_a spot_n on_o the_o neck_n and_o above_o the_o eye_n its_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v also_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o rump_n the_o nether_a side_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o sordid_a white_a instead_o of_o a_o white_a line_n across_o the_o wing_n it_o have_v black_a feather_n with_o pale_a red_a tip_n in_o general_a the_o colour_n all_o the_o body_n over_o be_v not_o so_o fair_a and_o lively_a each_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o quil-feather_n dusky_a with_o red_a edge_n from_o the_o bastard_n wing_n a_o broad_a white_a line_n be_v extend_v to_o the_o next_o joint_n above_o this_o line_n the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o red_a spadiceous_a colour_n beneath_o they_o have_v their_o middle_a part_n black_a their_o exterior_a edge_n red_a the_o tail_n have_v twelve_o feather_n and_o be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o the_o middlemost_a feather_n be_v something_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n all_o of_o a_o dusky_a blackish_a colour_n with_o red_a edge_n its_o testicle_n be_v great_a as_o be_v a_o very_a salacious_a bird_n its_o gut_n nine_o inch_n long_o the_o blind_a gut_n very_o short_a it_o be_v stomach_n musculous_a it_o feed_v upon_o wheat_n barley_n and_o other_o grain_n the_o womb_n of_o the_o female_a be_v great_a it_o have_v a_o gallbladder_n whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v so_o short-lived_a as_o be_v report_v i_o think_v there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_v this_o kind_n of_o bird_n do_v sometime_o vary_v in_o colour_n aldrovandus_n set_v forth_o a_o white_a and_o a_o yellow_a sparrow_n the_o figure_n and_o description_n whereof_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o fifteen_o book_n of_o his_o ornithology_n chap._n 11_o 12._o §._o ii_o *_o the_o foolish_a bononian_n sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n it_o be_v in_o bigness_n equal_a to_o the_o common_a sparrow_n the_o colour_n of_o its_o whole_a body_n be_v yellowish_a spot_v every_o where_o with_o oblong_o rusty_a or_o rather_o red_a spot_n which_o on_o the_o back_o be_v long_o and_o big_a than_o elsewhere_o all_o over_o tend_v downward_o the_o bill_n be_v red_a thick_a and_o short_a the_o eye_n great_a their_o pupil_n encompass_v with_o a_o yellow_a circle_n the_o tail_n and_o wing_n incline_v to_o black_a but_o the_o end_n of_o the_o lesser_a feather_n in_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a §._o iii_o *_o a_o small_a bird_n akin_a to_o the_o sparrow_n aldrov_n book_n 15._o chap._n 17._o this_o small_a bird_n although_o it_o have_v not_o a_o black_a chin_n nor_o any_o footstep_n of_o it_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o hen-sparrow_n yet_o by_o the_o whole_a fashion_n and_o make_v of_o its_o body_n it_o discover_v and_o warrant_v itself_o to_o be_v of_o the_o sparrow-kind_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v whitish_a as_o in_o the_o house-sparrow_n it_o be_v paint_v all_o over_o the_o body_n with_o oblong_o red_a spot_n tend_v downward_o but_o those_o on_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o on_o the_o breast_n be_v more_o manifest_a because_o those_o part_n be_v white_a whereas_o the_o upper_a viz._n the_o back_n the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v red_a as_o be_v also_o the_o whole_a tail_n and_o the_o wing_n but_o most_o of_o the_o feather_n of_o these_o have_v white_a end_n the_o belly_n also_o and_o the_o thigh_n be_v white_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellowish_a the_o claw_n long_o and_o black_a §._o iv._o *_o the_o spot_n or_o three-coloured_n sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n book_n 15._o chap._n 13._o he_o call_v it_o three-coloured_n for_o that_o whereas_o it_o consist_v only_o of_o three_o colour_n viz._n white_a black_a and_o yellowish_a no_o one_o of_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o excel_v another_o the_o whole_a head_n and_o neck_n be_v white_a vary_v with_o yellowish_a spot_n the_o wing_n be_v adorn_v with_o the_o three_o forename_a colour_n but_o the_o white_a and_o black_a be_v in_o they_o predominant_a the_o bill_n as_o in_o sparrow_n thick_a sharp_a point_a the_o upper_a chap_n yellowish_a the_o nether_a altogether_o yellow_a the_o iris_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v white_a the_o pupil_n black_a the_o chin_n breast_n and_o belly_n thigh_n leg_n foot_n and_o tail_n underneath_o be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a white_a else_o the_o tail_n be_v almost_o yellow_a §._o v._o *_o the_o white-tailed_a sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n book_n 15._o chap._n 14._o the_o tail_n of_o this_o although_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o white_a yet_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a whitish_a ash-colour_n whereas_o otherwise_o for_o colour_n it_o be_v almost_o like_o the_o house-sparrow_n but_o have_v not_o that_o black_a spot_n under_o the_o chin._n the_o bill_n as_o in_o that_o be_v white_a the_o eye_n black_a the_o head_n and_o all_o the_o low_a part_n from_o white_a incline_v to_o yellow_a large_a spot_n of_o almost_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n beautify_v with_o very_o small_a milkwhite_a line_n be_v disperse_v all_o over_o the_o back_n all_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o chesnut-colour_n round_o about_o yellow_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v dusky_a §._o vi_o *_o the_o dalmatic_a sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n lib._n 15._o cap._n 21._o this_o bird_n aldrovand_n see_v only_o the_o picture_n of_o at_o tartaglinus_n a_o citizen_n of_o venice_n it_o be_v say_v he_o big_a than_o our_o common_a sparrow_n but_o for_o colour_n almost_o like_o it_o above_o underneath_o also_o it_o be_v absolute_o white_a but_o above_o of_o a_o
bird_n themselves_o but_o picture_n of_o they_o as_o pliny_n right_o say_v fallacious_a these_o description_n can_v be_v think_v to_o come_v near_o the_o exactness_n of_o such_o as_o be_v take_v from_o the_o bird_n themselves_o §._o xvi_o the_o mountain_n sparrow_n frequent_a in_o stiria_n and_o carinthia_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n it_o be_v by_o measure_n six_o inch_n long_o it_o be_v tongue_n be_v something_o cleave_v the_o irides_fw-la of_o its_o eye_n between_o grey_a and_o hazel-coloured_n it_o be_v chin_n be_v black_a it_o have_v also_o on_o both_o side_n a_o black_a spot_n about_o the_o ear_n a_o border_n of_o white_a compass_n the_o neck_n almost_o half_a way_n and_o the_o spot_n about_o the_o ear_n the_o head_n of_o a_o dusky_a red_n the_o outer_a web_n of_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o be_v red_a the_o inner_a black_a the_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a ash-colour_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n of_o a_o sordid_a white_a of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n all_o but_o the_o eight_o or_o ten_o outmost_a have_v white_a tip_n the_o small_a feather_n on_o the_o base_a or_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v red_a as_o be_v also_o the_o outmost_a edge_n of_o the_o rest_n the_o number_n of_o quil-feather_n be_v eighteen_o the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o almost_o equal_a length_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n and_o low_a chap_n yellow_a it_o have_v a_o large_a craw_n full_a of_o seed_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o gizzard_n be_v not_o very_o thick_a the_o testicle_n great_a and_o white_a the_o description_n of_o the_o mountain_n sparrow_n in_o aldrovand_n agree_v indifferent_o well_o with_o we_o save_v that_o he_o attribute_n to_o it_o two_o black_a spot_n beside_o the_o eye_n one_o of_o which_o be_v want_v in_o our_o bird_n at_o least_o mr._n willughby_n mention_n only_o one_o we_o see_v abundance_n of_o these_o bird_n in_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o stiria_n and_o carinthia_n as_o we_o travel_v from_o vienna_n to_o venice_n §._o xvii_o *_o the_o wood-sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n book_n 15._o chap._n 16._o in_o bigness_n it_o exact_o correspond_v with_o the_o common_a sparrow_n it_o be_v bill_n from_o yellow_a incline_v to_o white_a and_o be_v as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v exact_o sparrow-like_a the_o crown_n of_o its_o head_n as_o in_o the_o precedent_a mountain_n sparrow_n be_v of_o a_o rusty_a colour_n incline_v to_o vermilion_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o eye_n white_a the_o iris_z yellowish_a the_o pupil_n black_a from_o chin_n to_o tail_n it_o be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n but_o the_o tip_n extremity_n of_o the_o feather_n incline_v to_o red_a the_o chin_n and_o underside_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v cross_v with_o continuous_a transverse_a blackish_a line_n whereas_o in_o all_o other_o cock-sparrow_n we_o suspect_v nay_o we_o positive_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v whole_o black_a the_o back_n tail_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ferrugineous_a save_v that_o the_o tip_n or_o end_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v altogether_o yellow_a the_o wing_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o the_o first_o feather_n which_o cover_v their_o costae_fw-la ridge_n end_v in_o a_o notable_a white_a §._o xviii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n sparrow_n call_v guiranheemgatu_fw-la by_o marggrave_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o sparrow_n the_o head_n above_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a as_o be_v the_o throat_n the_o neck_n breast_n and_o low_a belly_n of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a the_o wing_n be_v mix_v of_o green_a and_o yellow_a and_o distinguish_v with_o dusky_a as_o be_v also_o the_o tail_n the_o eye_n and_o bill_n black_a the_o leg_n dusky_a the_o cock_n of_o this_o kind_n sing_v rare_o well_o like_o a_o finch_n the_o hen_n be_v of_o the_o same_o bigness_n cover_v with_o sparrow-like_a feather_n sing_v not_o but_o cry_v tschrip_n tschrip_n like_o a_o sparrow_n chap._n vi_o §._o i._o the_o chaffinch_n fringilla_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aristotelis_fw-la it_o be_v something_o less_o than_o a_o house-sparrow_n weigh_v not_o a_o full_a ounce_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v sharp_a strong_a white_a underneath_o above_o and_o towards_o the_o tip_n dusky_a the_o low_a chap_n length_n equal_a to_o the_o upper_a the_o tongue_n cleave_v and_o rough_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o ear_n great_a the_o head_n in_o the_o cock_n be_v blue_a but_o the_o feather_n contiguous_a to_o the_o nostril_n black_a the_o back_n be_v red_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ash-colour_n or_o green_a the_o breast_n red_a the_o belly_n under_o the_o tail_n white_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o hen_n be_v not_o so_o bright_a and_o lively_a but_o its_o rump_n be_v green_a it_o be_v back_o not_o so_o red_a the_o belly_n from_o red_a incline_v to_o a_o dirty_a kind_n of_o green_a the_o breast_n also_o be_v of_o a_o dull_a colour_n the_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n in_o number_n eighteen_o all_o but_o the_o three_o first_o or_o outmost_a have_v their_o bottom_n and_o interior_a web_n white_a their_o exterior_a edge_n yellowish_a or_o rather_o green_a in_o the_o cock_n the_o small_a feather_n invest_v the_o ridge_n or_o basis_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v blue_a above_o in_o each_o wing_n be_v a_o remarkable_a white_a spot_n then_o after_o a_o interstice_n of_o black_a succeed_v a_o long_a white_a fillet_n begin_v from_o the_o four_o quill_n and_o after_o the_o ten_o continue_v through_o the_o top_n of_o the_o covert-feather_n that_o part_n of_o this_o white_a fillet_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o covert_n be_v tincture_v with_o yellow_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o outmost_a on_o each_o side_n have_v their_o bottom_n and_o also_o their_o top_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o shaft_n black_a their_o middle_a part_n white_a the_o next_o to_o these_o have_v less_o white_a viz._n only_o near_o the_o top_n and_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o shaft_n the_o three_o subsequent_a on_o both_o side_n be_v black_a the_o two_o middlemost_a cinereous_a with_o greenish_a edge_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n the_o right_a be_v the_o big_a the_o stomach_n not_o very_o fleshy_a the_o outmost_a toe_n in_o each_o foot_n as_o in_o other_o small_a bird_n grow_v to_o the_o middlemost_a at_o bottom_n this_o bird_n sometime_o vary_v in_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o feather_n for_o gesner_n affirm_v that_o himself_o have_v see_v a_o chaffinch_n all_o over_o white_a and_o aldrovandus_n describe_v two_o other_o one_o who_o whole_a body_n from_o white_a decline_v to_o yellow_a another_o that_o be_v partly_o yellowish_a and_o partly_o blackish_a they_o be_v say_v aldrovandus_n bird_n of_o passage_n they_o love_v moderate_a cold_a but_o be_v offend_v by_o immoderate_a but_o with_o we_o in_o england_n they_o fear_v no_o cold_a abide_v here_o all_o winter_n be_v the_o weather_n never_o so_o sharp_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o bird_n more_o frequent_a in_o all_o part_n of_o this_o land_n except_v perchance_o the_o lark_n the_o sparrow_n and_o the_o yellowhammer_n §._o ii_o the_o bramble_n or_o bramble_n fringilla_n montana_fw-la seu_fw-la montifringilla_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arist_n in_o weight_n and_o bigness_n it_o agree_v with_o the_o precedent_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v thick_a strong_a straight_o from_o a_o broad_a base_a diminish_n into_o a_o sharp_a point_n almost_o like_o a_o cone_n or_o funnel_n in_o some_o bird_n whole_o black_a in_o other_o black_a at_o point_n and_o yellow_a at_o bottom_n it_o be_v tongue_n like_o the_o chaffinche_n the_o upper_a chap_n of_o equal_a length_n with_o the_o low_a its_o side_n strong_a and_o thine_v into_o sharp_a edge_n the_o bill_n of_o the_o female_a have_v no_o part_n yellow_a its_o foot_n of_o a_o pale_a dusky_a colour_n the_o outer_a toe_n join_v to_o the_o middle_n below_o as_o in_o other_o small_a bird_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o the_o colour_n in_o the_o cock_n be_v like_a that_o of_o a_o starling_n a_o shine_a black_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o red_a ash-colour_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n be_v white_a the_o throat_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a red_a the_o breast_n white_a the_o feather_n behind_o the_o vent_v red_a in_o the_o female_a the_o head_n from_o red_a or_o dusky_a incline_v to_o cinereous_a the_o neck_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o back_o have_v their_o middle_a part_n black_a their_o border_n of_o that_o same_o red_a ash-colour_n the_o throat_n be_v not_o so_o red_a as_o in_o the_o cock_n within_o the_o ridge_n of_o
otherwise_o when_o the_o tail_n be_v close_v be_v hide_v and_o not_o expose_v to_o view_v the_o whole_a belly_n from_o cinereous_a incline_v to_o dusky_a §._o ii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n jacarini_n of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o our_o goldfinch_n have_v a_o thick_a ash-coloured_a bill_n ash-coloured_n leg_n and_o foot_n with_o four_o toe_n situate_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v cover_v with_o black_a feather_n but_o shine_v with_o a_o gloss_n like_o polish_a steel_n the_o wing_n withinside_o be_v white_a the_o eye_n be_v blue_a and_o behind_o each_o a_o large_a hole_n instead_o of_o ear_n this_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goldfinch_n and_o have_v a_o bill_n not_o unlike_o it_o not_o know_v better_o to_o dispose_v of_o it_o i_o have_v insert_v in_o this_o chapter_n although_o it_o agree_v not_o in_o colour_n either_o with_o the_o goldfinch_n or_o any_o other_o european_a bird_n that_o i_o know_v of_o this_o bigness_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o linnet_n §._o i._o of_o the_o linnet_n in_o general_n the_o characteristic_a note_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v 1._o a_o size_n of_o body_n something_o less_o than_o a_o chaffinch_n 2._o a_o testaceous_a or_o earthy_a colour_n mix_v of_o cinereous_a and_o dusky_a or_o brown_a 3._o a_o tail_n a_o little_a fork_a 4._o a_o peculiar_a colour_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n viz._n brown_a with_o white_a border_n or_o edge_n 5._o a_o sweet_a note_n of_o linnet_n we_o have_v observe_v four_o sort_n in_o england_n 1._o the_o common_a 2._o the_o great_a red_a 3._o the_o lesser_a red_n 4._o the_o mountain_n linnet_n §._o ii_o the_o common_a linnet_n linaria_fw-la vulgaris_fw-la it_o weigh_v about_o a_o ounce_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v half_o a_o foot_n long_o between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v forth_o ten_o inch_n broad_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v half_a a_o inch_n long_o thick_a strong_a black_a above_o white_z underneath_o the_o tongue_n be_v as_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o nostril_n round_o the_o head_n particoloured_a of_o cinereous_a and_o black_a the_o back_n of_o black_a and_o red_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n or_o outside_n in_o the_o head_n cinereous_a in_o the_o back_o red_a the_o breast_n be_v white_a the_o low_a belly_n about_o the_o vent_v yellowish_a the_o region_n of_o the_o craw_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o gullet_n be_v of_o a_o lovely_a red_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v yellowish_a each_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o quil-feather_n all_o black_a but_o the_o edge_n which_o in_o the_o exterior_a be_v whitish_a in_o the_o interior_a red_n the_o foremost_a feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o interior_a or_o those_o next_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o wing_n red_a the_o lesser_a covert-feather_n about_o the_o ridge_n or_o base_a of_o the_o wing_n be_v red_a the_o tail_n be_v somewhat_o fork_a it_o be_v two_o outmost_a feather_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o the_o middle_a only_o two_o of_o the_o middle_n two_o the_o border_n or_o edge_n be_v red_a of_o the_o rest_n white_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o the_o usual_a number_n of_o twelve_o feather_n it_o delight_v to_o feed_v upon_o line-seed_n whence_o gesner_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o french_a who_o call_v it_o linote_v impose_v on_o it_o the_o name_n of_o linaria_n it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v describe_v or_o mention_v by_o the_o ancient_n howbeit_o bellonius_fw-la make_v it_o to_o be_v the_o aegithus_n of_o aristotle_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o cage_n with_o we_o for_o the_o sweetness_n of_o its_o sing_n wherein_o in_o my_o judgement_n it_o excel_v all_o other_o small_a bird_n it_o feed_v upon_o canary_n seed_n panic_n millet_n whence_o also_o it_o be_v by_o some_o call_v miliaria_fw-la rape-seed_n cole-seed_n and_o hempseed_n but_o whatever_o seed_n it_o eat_v it_o first_o it_o decorticate_v it_o with_o its_o bill_n that_o it_o may_v feed_v only_o on_o the_o pulp_n but_o hempseed_n that_o we_o may_v note_v that_o by_o the_o by_o make_v bird_n that_o feed_v upon_o it_o so_o fat_a that_o it_o either_o kill_v they_o or_o take_v from_o they_o all_o courage_n and_o list_n to_o sing_v olina_n say_v that_o the_o linnet_n build_v in_o tree_n that_o be_v not_o very_o tall_a and_o lay_v three_o or_o four_o eggs._n we_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o build_v in_o black_a or_o white_a thorn_n bush_n or_o furze-bush_n mr._n willughby_n ascribe_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o this_o bird_n a_o obscure_a dusky_a or_o blarkish_a colour_n olina_n a_o middle_a colour_n between_o flesh-colour_n and_o white_a perchance_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o young_a bird_n be_v pale_a of_o the_o old_a darker_n colour_v or_o those_o of_o the_o cock_n black_a the_o hen-bird_n white_a mr._n jessop_n send_v we_o a_o linnet_n of_o the_o common_a sort_n with_o foot_n perfect_o black_a but_o that_o be_v extraordinary_a a_o addition_n to_o the_o history_n of_o the_o linnet_n out_o of_o our_o english_a writer_n of_o sing_v bird_n you_o may_v take_v the_o young_a one_o out_o at_o four_o day_n old_a if_o you_o intend_v they_o shall_v learn_v to_o whistle_v or_o hear_v any_o other_o bird_n song_n for_o then_o be_v so_o young_a they_o have_v not_o the_o old_a bird_n song_n and_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o take_v any_o thing_n than_o if_o you_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v in_o the_o nest_n till_o they_o be_v almost_o quite_o fledge_v you_o must_v be_v sure_a when_o you_o take_v they_o out_o so_o young_a to_o keep_v they_o very_o warm_a and_o to_o feed_v they_o but_o a_o little_a at_o a_o time_n your_o meat_n must_v be_v rape-seed_n soak_v and_o then_o bruise_v mingle_v with_o full_a as_o much_o soak_a white-bread_n you_o must_v make_v fresh_a every_o day_n for_o if_o it_o be_v sour_a it_o immediate_o make_v they_o scour_v and_o not_o long_o after_o die_v you_o must_v not_o give_v they_o their_o meat_n too_o dry_a for_o if_o you_o do_v it_o will_v make_v they_o vent-burned_n and_o that_o be_v as_o bad_a as_o if_o they_o scour_v if_o you_o intend_v to_o whistle_v to_o they_o do_v it_o when_o you_o feed_v they_o for_o they_o will_v learn_v very_o much_o before_o they_o can_v crack_v hard_a seed_n so_o hang_v they_o under_o any_o bird_n you_o intend_v they_o shall_v learn_v his_o song_n i_o have_v know_v several_a that_o have_v be_v teach_v to_o speak_v you_o may_v know_v the_o cock-linnet_n by_o these_o two_o mark_n 1._o the_o cock_n be_v much_o brown_a on_o the_o back_n and_o pinion_n of_o the_o wing_n than_o the_o hen._n 2._o by_o the_o white_a of_o the_o wing_n take_v your_o young_a linnet_n when_o the_o wing-feather_n be_v grow_v and_o stretch_v out_o his_o wing_n hold_v his_o body_n fast_o with_o the_o other_o hand_n otherwise_o i_o have_v know_v they_o by_o a_o sudden_a jerk_n to_o break_v their_o wing_n and_o then_o observe_v the_o white_a upon_o the_o four_o five_o and_o six_o feather_n if_o it_o be_v glossie_n and_o glister_a and_o the_o white_a go_v close_o to_o the_o quill_n this_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o cock._n the_o linnet_n disease_n and_o their_o cure_n 1._o this_o bird_n be_v sometime_o trouble_v with_o melancholy_a and_o then_o you_o will_v find_v the_o end_n of_o his_o rump_n to_o be_v very_o much_o swell_v which_o you_o must_v prick_v with_o a_o needle_n and_o let_v out_o all_o the_o corruption_n squeeze_v it_o out_o very_a well_o with_o the_o point_n of_o the_o needle_n then_o anoint_v he_o with_o the_o ointment_n make_v of_o fresh_a butter_n and_o capon_n grease_n and_o feed_v he_o for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n with_o lettuce_n or_o beet_n seed_n and_o the_o leave_v also_o and_o you_o may_v give_v he_o the_o seed_n of_o melon_n chop_v in_o piece_n which_o he_o will_v eat_v very_o greedy_o and_o when_o you_o find_v he_o to_o mend_v take_v the_o melon_n seed_n away_o and_o give_v he_o his_o old_a diet_n again_o put_v into_o his_o water_n two_o or_o three_o blade_n of_o saffron_n and_o white_a sugar-candy_n for_o a_o week_n or_o more_o till_o you_o perceive_v the_o bird_n to_o be_v whole_o recover_v 2._o the_o disease_n this_o bird_n be_v most_o trouble_a withal_o be_v a_o scour_n of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n the_o first_o very_o thin_a and_o with_o a_o black_a substance_n in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v not_o very_o dangerous_a for_o i_o have_v know_v many_o sing_v very_o strong_a and_o lavish_a when_o they_o have_v have_v this_o scour_n in_o a_o very_a violent_a manner_n the_o second_o be_v between_o a_o black_a and_o a_o white_a but_o not_o so_o thin_a as_o the_o other_o but_o very_o clammy_a and_o stick_v this_o be_v
and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v dusky_a have_v their_o outer_a edge_n cinereous_a the_o back_n as_o we_o say_v of_o a_o testaceous_a colour_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o neck_n beneath_o the_o head_n behind_o be_v ash-coloured_a the_o shaft_n of_o the_o head-feather_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a the_o outside_n or_o edge_n be_v of_o a_o red_a ash-colour_n the_o tail_n be_v more_o than_o three_o inch_n long_o of_o a_o dusky_a red_a colour_n without_o any_o whiteness_n save_v that_o a_o kind_n of_o dark_a shadow_n or_o appearance_n of_o white_a may_v be_v discern_v in_o the_o outmost_a feather_n it_o sing_v sit_v upon_o the_o high_a twig_n of_o tree_n and_o shrub_n it_o feed_v upon_o corn._n both_o the_o figure_n and_o description_n of_o the_o bird_n call_v strillozo_n in_o olina_n agree_v exact_o in_o all_o point_n to_o our_o bunting_n save_v only_o that_o he_o attribute_n to_o it_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o common_a lark_n than_o which_o our_o bunting_n be_v something_o big_a i_o myself_o also_o when_o i_o be_v at_o rome_n see_v and_o describe_v a_o small_a bird_n call_v strillozo_n somewhat_o less_o as_o it_o then_o seem_v to_o i_o than_o the_o common_a lark_n see_v therefore_o olina_n beside_o the_o strillozo_n describe_v also_o the_o calandra_n make_v it_o somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o common_a lark_n and_o not_o much_o less_o than_o a_o thrush_n i_o do_v suspect_v that_o the_o calandra_n be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o bunting_n and_o the_o strillozo_n a_o different_a kind_n of_o bird_n describe_v by_o none_o beside_o he_o at_o least_o clear_o and_o exact_o the_o description_n of_o the_o alaudae_fw-la congener_fw-la of_o aldrovand_n agree_v exact_o to_o this_o bird_n so_o do_v also_o that_o of_o the_o cenchramus_fw-la of_o bellonius_fw-la so_o that_o of_o one_o bird_n aldrovandus_n make_v four_o give_v we_o the_o bunting_n under_o the_o title_n of_o 1._o emberiza_n alba_fw-la 2._o of_o alaudae_fw-la congener_fw-la 3._o of_o cenchramus_fw-la bellonii_fw-la 4._o also_o if_o we_o be_v not_o much_o mistake_v of_o calandra_n all_o which_o he_o exhibit_v for_o distinct_a species_n §._o ii_o the_o yellowhammer_n emberiza_n flava_fw-la of_o gesner_n hortulanus_fw-la of_o bellonius_fw-la luteae_fw-la alterum_fw-la genus_fw-la of_o aldrovand_n chloreus_n seu_fw-la lutea_fw-la aristotelis_fw-la of_o turner_n it_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o chaffinch_n or_o a_o little_o big_a weigh_v 1⅛_n ounce_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n but_o six_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a dusky_a colour_n half_o a_o inch_n long_o have_v a_o hard_a knob_v in_o the_o upper_a chap_n to_o break_v the_o grain_n of_o corn_n and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o nether_a chap_n turn_v inward_o and_o bend_v together_o like_o the_o bunting_n the_o tongue_n short_a than_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o bird_n not_o reach_v beyond_o the_o knob_v its_o tip_n horny_a and_o sharp_a slit_v into_o filament_n the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o foot_n of_o a_o horn_n colour_n the_o claw_n black_a the_o like_a cohesion_n between_o the_o outmost_a and_o middle_a toe_n at_o the_o bottom_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n the_o throat_n and_o belly_n be_v yellow_a the_o breast_n have_v something_o of_o red_a mingle_v with_o it_o as_o also_o the_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o greenish_a yellow_a spot_v with_o brown_a above_o the_o shoulder_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v a_o certain_a colour_n between_o green_a and_o cinereous_a or_o compound_v of_o both_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o back_n and_o shoulder_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n from_o green_a incline_v to_o red_a the_o rump_n be_v red_a the_o female_a be_v all_o over_o pale_a less_o yellow_a on_o the_o head_n less_o red_a on_o the_o breast_n and_o under_o the_o wing_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v dusky_a have_v their_o exterior_a edge_n from_o green_a incline_n to_o a_o sordid_a white_a the_o tail_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n something_o fork_v of_o a_o brown_a colour_n the_o middle_n two_o have_v their_o edge_n on_o both_o side_n the_o rest_n only_o their_o outside-edge_n green_a the_o two_o outmost_a on_o the_o inside_n the_o shaft_n near_o the_o tip_n be_v mark_v with_o a_o white_a spot_n cut_v the_o feather_n oblique_o it_o have_v a_o craw_n and_o a_o musculous_a stomach_n or_o gizzard_n like_o the_o granivorous_a bird_n it_o have_v also_o a_o gallbladder_n the_o blind_a gut_n as_o in_o almost_o all_o small_a bird_n be_v very_o little_a and_o short_a these_o bird_n build_v upon_o the_o ground_n be_v every_o where_o in_o england_n most_o common_a §._o iii_o aldrovandus_n his_o first_o sort_n of_o yellow-hammer_n which_o he_o call_v cirlus_n zivolo_n of_o olina_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o sparrow_n have_v a_o short_a thick_a bill_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v yellowish_a sprinkle_v with_o brown_a spot_n the_o head_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n from_o testaceous_a incline_n to_o a_o brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n but_o in_o the_o tail_n there_o be_v two_o feather_n on_o each_o side_n partly_o white_a and_o partly_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o rest_n between_o the_o male_a and_o the_o female_a there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o male_n have_v more_o yellow_a about_o he_o than_o the_o female_a especial_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n about_o the_o eye_n and_o in_o the_o throat_n and_o under_o the_o neck_n on_o the_o side_n where_o be_v see_v good_a large_a spot_n of_o yellow_a which_o be_v want_v in_o the_o female_a it_o abide_v for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o ground_n seek_v its_o food_n there_o of_o seed_n and_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o when_o it_o be_v new_o take_v it_o be_v wont_n almost_o always_o to_o have_v its_o bill_n dirty_a whether_o this_o bird_n be_v specifical_o distinct_a or_o no_o from_o the_o precedent_n i_o be_o not_o full_o satisfy_v but_o because_o both_o aldrovandus_n and_o olina_n make_v it_o distinct_a i_o will_v not_o omit_v it_o olina_n call_v it_o zivolo_n from_o its_o note_n zi_fw-fr zi_fw-fr which_o it_o often_o ingeminate_v §._o iv._o the_o reed-sparrow_n passer_n torquatus_fw-la in_o arundinetis_fw-la nidisican_n perchance_o the_o passer_n arundinaceus_n of_o turner_n it_o be_v big_a than_o the_o linnet_n equal_a to_o the_o chaffinch_n the_o cock_n weigh_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n be_v from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a broad_a between_o the_o extreme_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v ten_o inch_n the_o bill_n short_a black_a mr._n willughby_n make_v the_o upper_a mandible_a black_a the_o nether_a whitish_a like_v the_o bill_n of_o the_o hortulane_n mr._n willughby_n compare_v it_o to_o the_o chaffinche_n bill_n the_o low_a chap_n have_v its_o edge_n on_o both_o side_n bend_v inward_o be_v hollow_a in_o fashion_n of_o a_o funnel_n and_o contain_v the_o tongue_n within_o it_o beside_o near_o its_o base_a it_o rise_v up_o into_o a_o dent_n or_o angle_n on_o each_o side_n to_o which_o there_o be_v a_o notch_n or_o furrow_v correspondent_a in_o the_o upper_a chap_n to_o receive_v it_o as_o in_o the_o bunting_n bill_n the_o head_n be_v black_a the_o cheek_n about_o the_o eye_n red_a a_o ring_n of_o white_a encompass_n the_o neck_n which_o on_o each_o side_n be_v stretch_v forth_o to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n the_o chin_n and_o throat_n be_v black_a the_o breast_n and_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n white_a the_o back_n and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v particoloured_a of_o red_a and_o black_a viz._n the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o feather_n black_a the_o outside_n red_a the_o rump_n red_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ash-colour_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v dusky_a have_v their_o exterior_a edge_n red_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o seven_o first_o or_o outmost_a be_v sharp_a of_o the_o rest_n blunt_a indent_a and_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n have_v their_o outer_a edge_n and_o tip_n red_a be_v else_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o plumage_n on_o the_o base_a or_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n bluish_a underneath_o the_o wing_n white_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v something_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o black_a their_o outward_a edge_n red_a the_o three_o next_o on_o each_o side_n be_v dark_a colour_v and_o almost_o black_a the_o exterior_a edge_n of_o the_o five_o be_v white_a the_o interior_a also_o not_o far_o from_o the_o tip_n be_v spot_v with_o white_a the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v whole_o white_a all_o
up_o of_o bristle_n spread_v every_o way_n like_v to_o hog_n bristle_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o prickle_n of_o a_o common_a hedgehog_n by_o which_o note_n it_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n be_v easy_o know_v and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o bird_n in_o both_o cheek_n it_o have_v a_o white_a spot_n terminate_v above_o with_o a_o red_a line_n the_o lesser_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o whole_a bird_n beside_o be_v black_a of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o coot_n the_o tail_n not_o except_v under_o the_o bill_n hang_v down_o a_o red_a flesh_n excrescence_n on_o each_o side_n like_o a_o gill_n or_o wattle_v the_o leg_n be_v long_o bare_a of_o feather_n from_o the_o knee_n upward_o almost_o to_o the_o second_o joint_n we_o see_v a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o royal_a aviary_n in_o st._n james_n park_n near_o westminster_n aldrovandus_n his_o description_n which_o he_o take_v from_o a_o picture_n he_o see_v of_o this_o bird_n differ_v in_o some_o particular_n from_o we_o for_o 1._o he_o make_v the_o bristle_n of_o the_o crest_n of_o a_o colour_n gold_n colour_n 2._o all_o the_o underside_n of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n the_o back_n of_o a_o dark_a green_a as_o in_o lapwing_n 3._o he_o mention_n some_o ferrugineous_a feather_n in_o the_o wing_n these_o bird_n be_v find_v in_o the_o country_n near_o capoverde_v for_o bigness_n they_o may_v match_v our_o country_n crane_n as_o they_o run_v they_o stretch_v out_o their_o wing_n and_o so_o run_v very_o swift_o otherwise_o they_o walk_v soft_o they_o never_o roost_v in_o house_n but_o about_o night_n when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o go_v to_o their_o rest_n they_o search_v out_o high_a wall_n whereon_o to_o perch_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o peacock_n who_o voice_n and_o condition_n they_o also_o imitate_v they_o feed_v upon_o green_a herb_n and_o together_o with_o hen_n and_o peacock_n devour_v barley_n and_o other_o grain_n this_o out_o of_o aldrovandus_n in_o the_o table_n of_o bird_n engrave_v by_o vischer_n it_o be_v figure_v by_o the_o title_n of_o struthio_n ex_fw-la china_n i._n e._n a_o china_n ostrich_n chap._n ii_o marggraves_n jabiru_n of_o the_o brasilian_n call_v by_o the_o low_a dutch_a negro_n this_o bird_n in_o bigness_n exceed_v a_o swan_n it_o be_v body_n be_v fourteen_o inch_n long_o its_o neck_n as_o many_o and_o of_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n arm_n it_o be_v head_n sufficient_o great_a its_o eye_n black_a its_o bill_n also_o blackish_a extend_v straight_o forward_o and_o above_o towards_o the_o point_n a_o little_a bend_n eleven_o inch_n long_o two_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a edge_a in_o versus_fw-la exteriora_fw-la the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o little_a high_o or_o deep_o and_o big_a than_o the_o nether_a it_o have_v no_o tongue_n under_o the_o throat_n be_v a_o crop_n of_o a_o moderate_a bigness_n the_o leg_n be_v very_o long_o viz._n two_o foot_n for_o the_o upper_a leg_n or_o thigh_n be_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o half_a way_n bare_a of_o feather_n the_o low_a eleven_o inch_n these_o be_v straight_o black_a and_o as_o it_o be_v scale_v half_o a_o inch_n thick_a in_o each_o foot_n be_v four_o toe_n three_o stand_v forward_o and_o one_o backward_o as_o be_v usual_a in_o most_o bird_n the_o whole_a bird_n all_o over_o be_v cover_v with_o white_a feather_n like_o a_o swan_n or_o goose_n the_o whole_a neck_n almost_o viz._n for_o eight_o inch_n length_n count_v from_o the_o head_n be_v destitute_a of_o feather_n and_o one_o half_a of_o this_o bare_a part_n together_o with_o the_o head_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o black_a skin_n the_o other_o half_o with_o a_o white_a but_o i_o suppose_v the_o feather_n have_v be_v pluck_v off_o and_o that_o the_o white_a down_o stick_v in_o the_o skin_n the_o tail_n be_v broad_a end_v with_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n chap._n iii_o *_o jabiru_fw-la guacu_fw-la of_o the_o petiguares_n nhandu_fw-fr apoa_fw-mi of_o the_o tupinambi_n scurvogel_n of_o the_o low_a dutch._n it_o have_v a_o great_a bill_n seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a round_o at_o the_o end_n and_o bend_v downward_o it_o want_v the_o tongue_n and_o the_o low_a bill_n be_v grey_a on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o bony_a mitre_n or_o crown_n of_o a_o colour_n mix_v of_o white_a and_o cinereous_a the_o eye_n be_v black_a and_o behind_o they_o large_a ear-hole_n the_o neck_n be_v ten_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a half_n whereof_o together_o with_o the_o head_n be_v not_o cover_v with_o feather_n but_o with_o a_o scaly_a ash-coloured_a skin_n who_o scale_n be_v white_a in_o bulk_n of_o body_n it_o equal_v a_o stork_n it_o have_v a_o short_a black_a tail_n reach_v no_o further_a than_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o upper_a leg_n or_o thigh_n be_v cover_v partly_o with_o white_a feather_n else_o the_o whole_a leg_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o upper_a be_v eight_o inch_n long_o the_o low_a six_o or_o a_o little_a more_o there_o be_v four_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n so_o dispose_v as_o in_o the_o former_a the_o whole_a body_n and_o neck_n be_v cover_v with_o white_a feather_n long_o feather_n hang_v down_o from_o the_o neck_n and_o about_o it_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a their_o quil-feather_n black_a with_o a_o gloss_n of_o a_o ruby_n colour_n they_o flay_v the_o skin_n off_o this_o bird_n and_o eat_v the_o flesh_n boil_v or_o roast_v it_o be_v fat_a dry_a and_o well-tasted_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v fry_v with_o butter_n i_o have_v eat_v of_o it_o often_o chap._n iu._n the_o brasilian_n cariama_n of_o marggrave_n this_o be_v a_o waterfowl_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o great_a heron._n on_o its_o head_n above_o the_o rise_n of_o its_o bill_n it_o carry_v a_o crest_n or_o tuft_n of_o feather_n stand_v upright_o of_o a_o black_a mingle_v with_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o bill_n be_v short_a the_o upper_a part_n a_o little_a hook_a brown_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o dark_a yellow_a it_o have_v elegant_a golden_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n and_o long_o black_a eyebrow_n the_o wing_n end_v a_o little_a behind_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o have_v long_a leg_n above_o cover_v half_a way_n with_o feather_n else_o naked_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a yellow_a colour_n three_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n the_o middlemost_a the_o long_a the_o outer_a short_a than_o that_o and_o the_o inner_a the_o short_a connect_v partly_o by_o a_o skin_n intervening_a behind_o or_o on_o the_o backside_n the_o foot_n it_o have_v a_o small_a toe_n set_v high_o than_o be_v usual_a and_o a_o round_a heel_n like_o a_o ostrich_n the_o claw_n be_v short_a hook_a dusky_a the_o whole_a body_n be_v cover_v with_o grey_a or_o ash-coloured_a feather_n wave_v with_o brown_a as_o in_o falcon_n and_o a_o dark_a yellow_a intermingle_v the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v brown_a wave_v with_o a_o dark_a yellow_a and_o grey_a in_o the_o breast_n and_o low_a belly_n it_o have_v more_o grey_a it_o carry_v its_o tail_n low_a its_o neck_n high_a it_o be_v cry_n be_v like_o a_o hen_n turkey_n and_o be_v hear_v afar_o off_o it_o be_v very_o good_a meat_n chap._n v._o the_o brasilian_n anhima_fw-la of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v a_o waterfowl_n of_o the_o rapacious_a kind_n big_a than_o a_o swan_n it_o be_v head_n be_v not_o great_a like_o a_o hen_n its_o bill_n black_a the_o upper_a chap_n whereof_o be_v something_o long_o than_o the_o nether_a and_o turn_v downward_o at_o the_o tip_n it_o have_v fair_a golden_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n and_o a_o black_a circle_n without_o on_o the_o head_n near_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o beak_n it_o carry_v a_o erect_a horn_n bend_v forward_o at_o point_n a_o little_a more_o than_o two_o inch_n long_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o great_a string_n in_o a_o base_a viol_n round_o as_o though_o it_o be_v turn_v of_o a_o white_a or_o bone_n colour_n about_o the_o horn_n stand_v up_o very_o fine_a short_a black_a and_o white_a feather_n it_o be_v neck_n be_v seven_o inch_n long_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o body_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o its_o tail_n almost_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a it_o have_v very_o large_a wing_n the_o great_a feather_n be_v above_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a long_a in_o the_o forepart_n of_o each_o wing_n be_v two_o straight_o triangular_a call_v horn_n spring_v from_o the_o very_a bone_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o thick_a as_o the_o tip_n of_o one_o little_a finger_n and_o of_o a_o conical_a more_o proper_o pyramidal_a triangulate_v figure_n the_o foremost_a of_o these_o goad_n or_o spur_n be_v a_o inch_n long_o the_o hindmost_a a_o little_a short_a and_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n it_o have_v a_o tail_n ten_o inch_n long_o and_o broad_a like_o
that_o of_o a_o goose_n the_o upper_a leg_n thigh_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o for_o the_o low_a half_o bare_a of_o feather_n the_o low_a leg_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o and_o almost_o two_o thick_a in_o each_o foot_n it_o have_v four_o toe_n so_o situate_v as_o in_o hen_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o three_o fore-toe_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o other_o two_o three_o and_o a_o half_a the_o back-toe_n almost_o two_o each_o have_v a_o crooked_a black_a claw_n a_o inch_n long_o but_o the_o back_n toe_n a_o little_a long_o both_o foot_n and_o leg_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v naked_a be_v cover_v with_o a_o brown_a scaly_a skin_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v variegated_a with_o black_a and_o white_a feather_n the_o side_n of_o the_o throat_n and_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v black_a the_o low_a half_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o breast_n be_v variegated_a with_o white_a cinereous_a and_o black_a feather_n the_o low_a belly_n be_v all_o white_a on_o the_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n and_o on_o the_o back_o the_o plumage_n be_v black_a white_a feather_n be_v here_o and_o there_o intermingle_v the_o tail_n be_v black_a the_o wing_n also_o be_v black_a except_v the_o outmost_a border_n near_o the_o bone_n where_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o yellowish_a white_a feather_n it_o have_v a_o terrible_a cry_n sound_v something_o like_o vyhu_n vyhu_o it_o be_v never_o find_v alone_o but_o always_o a_o pair_n cock_n and_o hen_n walk_v together_o and_o when_o one_o be_v dead_a the_o other_o never_o depart_v from_o its_o carcase_n the_o horn_n that_o grow_v on_o its_o head_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o remedy_n against_o poison_n be_v infuse_v a_o whole_a night_n in_o wine_n the_o same_o be_v repute_v a_o remedy_n against_o the_o suffocation_n of_o the_o womb_n and_o in_o hard_a travel_n this_o that_o i_o describe_v be_v a_o hen_n the_o cock_n be_v of_o twice_o the_o bigness_n it_o make_v its_o nest_n of_o clay_n by_o the_o body_n of_o tree_n upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o oven_n thus_o far_o marggravius_n this_o be_v a_o bird_n of_o a_o singular_a kind_n none_o like_o it_o perchance_o it_o may_v be_v the_o cuntur_fw-la so_o much_o talk_v of_o here_o we_o may_v note_v by_o the_o by_o that_o these_o spur_n in_o the_o wing_n be_v find_v only_o in_o some_o american_n bird_n but_o in_o none_o of_o our_o continent_n book_n iii_o part_n i._o section_n ii_o of_o clovenfooted_n piscivorous_a waterfowl_n these_o have_v very_o long_a neck_n their_o bill_n also_o be_v long_o strong_a end_v in_o a_o sharp_a point_n to_o strike_v fish_n and_o fetch_v they_o from_o under_o stone_n or_o brink_n long_a leg_n to_o wade_v in_o river_n and_o pool_n of_o water_n very_o long_a toe_n especial_o the_o hind-toe_n to_o stand_v more_o firm_o in_o river_n large_a crooked_a talon_n and_o the_o middle_a serrate_n on_o the_o inside_n to_o hold_v eel_n and_o other_o slippery_a fish_n the_o fast_o or_o because_o they_o sit_v on_o tree_n lean_a and_o carrion_a body_n because_o of_o their_o great_a fear_n and_o watchfulness_n the_o heron-kind_n be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o tribe_n of_o bird_n by_o this_o most_o certain_a note_n that_o they_o have_v but_o one_o single_a blind_a gut_n apiece_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o quadruped_n whereas_o all_o other_o bird_n know_v to_o we_o have_v twain_o chap._n i._o of_o heron_n §._o i._o the_o common_a heron_n or_o heronshaw_n ardea_n cinerea_fw-la major_a sive_fw-la pella_n the_o female_a which_o i_o describe_v weigh_v almost_o four_o pound_n be_v from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n four_o foot_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n thirty_o eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o foremost_a feather_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v white_a then_o succeed_v a_o black_a crest_n four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a high_a the_o chin_n be_v white_a the_o neck_n be_v white_a and_o ash-coloured_a be_v tincture_v with_o red_a the_o throat_n white_a be_v delicate_o paint_v with_o black_a spot_n and_o on_o its_o low_a part_n grow_v small_a long_o narrow_a sharp_a white_a feather_n the_o back_n on_o which_o grow_v nothing_o but_o down_o be_v cover_v with_o those_o long_a feather_n that_o spring_v from_o the_o shoulder_n and_o be_v variegated_a with_o whitish_a strike_n or_o line_n tend_v downward_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o rump_n viz._n that_o underneath_o the_o tail_n incline_v to_o yellow_a under_o the_o shoulder_n be_v a_o great_a black_a spot_n from_o which_o a_o black_a line_n be_v draw_v to_o the_o vent_n the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o seven_o in_o number_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v ash-coloured_a all_o the_o rest_n black_a except_v the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o which_o be_v somewhat_o cinereous_a the_o underside_n of_o all_o of_o they_o be_v cinereous_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o bastard_n wing_n be_v black_a under_o the_o bastard-wing_n be_v a_o great_a white_a spot_n also_o white_a feather_n cover_v the_o root_n of_o the_o bastard_n wing_v above_o then_o a_o white_a line_n be_v continue_v all_o along_o the_o basis_n or_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o far_o as_o its_o set_n on_o ten_o of_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n be_v black_a then_o four_o or_o five_o have_v their_o exterior_a border_n white_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o tail_n also_o be_v ash-coloured_a seven_o inch_n long_o and_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v great_a strong_a straight_o from_o a_o thick_a base_a gentle_o lessen_v into_o a_o sharp_a point_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a colour_n the_o upper_a mandible_a be_v a_o thought_n long_o than_o the_o nether_a and_o therein_o a_o furrow_n or_o groove_v impress_v reach_v from_o the_o nostril_n to_o the_o utmost_a tip_n its_o side_n towards_o the_o point_n be_v something_o rough_a and_o as_o it_o be_v serrate_v for_o the_o fast_o hold_v of_o slippery_a fish_n the_o low_a mandible_a be_v more_o yellow_a the_o side_n of_o both_o be_v thinned_a into_o very_o sharp_a edge_n the_o mouth_n gape_v wide_a the_o tongue_n be_v sharp_a long_o but_o not_o hard_a the_o eyelid_n and_o that_o naked_a space_n between_o the_o eye_n and_o bill_n be_v green_a the_o nostril_n be_v oblong_o narrow_a chink_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v green_a the_o hind-part_n of_o the_o leg_n and_o sol_n of_o the_o foot_n green_a the_o toe_n very_o long_o the_o outmost_a foretoe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middle_n by_o a_o membrane_n below_o the_o inner_a edge_n of_o the_o middle_a claw_n be_v serrate_v which_o be_v worthy_a the_o notice_n take_v it_o be_v stomach_n be_v large_a and_o flaggy_a rather_o membranous_a than_o musculous_a as_o in_o carnivorous_a bird_n in_o which_o dissect_a we_o find_v trisulca_fw-la ivy-leaved_n duckmeat_n the_o gut_n towards_o the_o vent_n where_o the_o blind_a gut_n be_v situate_a be_v large_a than_o in_o other_o bird_n it_o have_v not_o two_o blind_a gut_n one_o on_o each_o side_n like_o other_o bird_n but_o only_o one_o like_o quadruped_n but_o that_o big_a and_o thick_a than_o ordinary_a the_o gullet_n under_o the_o chin_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o great_a wideness_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o merrithought_n be_v a_o appendix_n it_o have_v a_o long_a gallbladder_n gesner_n count_v but_o eleven_o vertebre_n in_o the_o neck_n i_o observe_v fifteen_o of_o which_o the_o five_o have_v a_o contrary_a position_n viz._n be_v way_n reflect_v upward_o it_o feed_v upon_o fish_n frog_n etc._n etc._n oftentimes_o also_o it_o strike_v and_o wound_v great_a fish_n than_o it_o can_v draw_v out_o and_o carry_v away_o young_a heron_n may_v be_v fat_v with_o fish_n gut_n and_o entrail_n flesh_n etc._n etc._n it_o sit_v sometime_o with_o its_o neck_n so_o bend_v up_o that_o its_o head_n be_v draw_v down_o to_o stand_v between_o its_o shoulder_n these_o bird_n build_v sometime_o on_o the_o top_n of_o great_a tree_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n many_o together_o but_o whether_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o build_v in_o old_a rook_n nest_n as_o aldrovandus_n out_o of_o polydore_n relate_v i_o leave_v to_o further_a enquiry_n we_o have_v heronry_n in_o england_n such_o as_o they_o have_v in_o france_n however_o bellonius_fw-la deny_v it_o in_o which_o heron_n be_v so_o well_o instruct_v and_o accustom_v to_o breed_v that_o the_o owner_n make_v yearly_o a_o good_a profit_n of_o the_o young_a §._o ii_o aldrovandus_n his_o three_o sort_n of_o ash-coloured_a heron._n this_o heron_n which_o i_o make_v congenerous_a to_o the_o common_a cinereous_a from_o the_o
tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v thirty_o six_o inch_n or_o four_o foot_n long_o have_v a_o bill_n a_o inch_n thick_a of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o breadth_n palm_n near_o the_o nostril_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o little_a finger_n channel_a within_n beneath_o of_o a_o horn_n and_o rose_n colour_n the_o iris_n of_o the_o eye_n yellow_a the_o pupil_n black_a the_o neck_n be_v a_o full_a span_n long_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n back_o and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n all_o their_o end_n mark_v with_o a_o red_a spot_n but_o the_o great_a wing-feather_n be_v variegated_a with_o white_a at_o their_o tip_n and_o also_o those_o which_o make_v up_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v a_o palm_n and_o half_a long_a those_o which_o cover_v the_o breast_n be_v sprinkle_v with_o long_a mark_n of_o black_a red_z and_o white_a the_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n almost_o white_a the_o hip_n or_o thigh_n be_v somewhat_o red_a and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o ham_n knee_n bare_a of_o feather_n from_o these_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n remain_v the_o measure_n of_o two_o palm_n the_o leg_n be_v greenish_a and_o the_o foot_n cleave_v into_o toe_n which_o yet_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o divarication_n be_v join_v together_o by_o a_o short_a membrane_n because_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v conversant_a about_o water_n the_o claw_n of_o the_o back-toe_n be_v great_a than_o the_o rest_n upon_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n stick_v certain_a small_a tender_a white_a capillament_n which_o argue_v this_o to_o be_v a_o young_a bird_n §._o iii_o the_o lesser_a ash-coloured_a heron_n call_v by_o the_o german_n the_o night-raven_n it_o be_v much_o lesser_a than_o the_o precedent_n and_o have_v a_o short_a neck_n it_o be_v back_o and_o the_o crown_n of_o its_o head_n be_v black_a its_o neck_n ash-coloured_a it_o be_v throat_n and_o belly_n tincture_v with_o yellow_a a_o white_a line_n be_v extend_v from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o bill_n from_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o crest_n of_o three_o feather_n five_o inch_n long_o hang_v down_o over_o the_o back_n whereby_o it_o be_v difference_v from_o all_o other_o bird_n its_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v cinereous_a its_o bill_n black_a its_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a at_o sevenhuys_n a_o village_n in_o holland_n in_o a_o fenny_a country_n not_o far_o from_o leyden_n we_o describe_v a_o young_a bird_n of_o this_o kind_n as_o i_o suppose_v take_v out_o of_o the_o nest_n thus_o its_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v green_a and_o those_o bare_a of_o feather_n for_o about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o knee_n the_o outmost_a toe_n connect_v with_o the_o middle_a one_o by_o a_o intervening_a membrane_n from_o the_o divarication_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n serrate_v on_o the_o inner_a side_n as_o in_o the_o common_a heron._n the_o eye_n of_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a in_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o body_n it_o come_v near_a to_o a_o bittour_n than_o to_o the_o common_a heron-shaw_n two_o row_n of_o the_o great_a wing-feather_n be_v black_a with_o white_a tip_n the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n the_o tip_n of_o its_o component_a feather_n be_v also_o white_a the_o back_n and_o neckfeather_n be_v black_a with_o red_a shaft_n or_o red_a line_n in_o the_o middle_n in_o the_o neck_n the_o red_a line_n be_v broad_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o lesser_a covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n decline_v from_o white_a to_o red_a the_o belly_n be_v white_a with_o black_a spot_n the_o chin_n white_a the_o feather_n on_o the_o throat_n on_o one_o side_n white_a on_o the_o other_o black_a after_o it_o have_v mew_v its_o first_o feather_n without_o doubt_n it_o change_v its_o colour_n as_o most_o other_o bird_n do_v it_o have_v a_o great_a gall_n a_o large_a stomach_n glandulous_a within_o but_o not_o fleshy_a or_o musculous_a which_o kind_n we_o in_o english_a call_v a_o gizzard_n in_o it_o be_v the_o shell_n of_o beetle_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bone_n call_v the_o merrithought_n be_v a_o appendix_n this_o bird_n lay_v white_a eggs._n the_o german_n call_v it_o nacht_v rab_n that_o be_v night-raven_n and_o under_o that_o title_n it_o be_v figure_v and_o describe_v by_o gesner_n whence_o 57_o aldrovandus_n propound_v it_o under_o the_o title_n of_o night-raven_n for_o a_o distinct_a species_n of_o bird_n subjoyn_v it_o to_o the_o corvus_n sylvaticus_fw-la of_o gesner_n it_o be_v call_v night-raven_n because_o in_o the_o night_n time_n it_o cry_v with_o a_o uncouth_a voice_n like_o one_o that_o be_v strain_v to_o vomit_v §._o iv._o the_o great_a white_a heron._n ardea_n alba_fw-la major_n it_o weigh_v forty_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v fifty_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n no_o more_o than_o forty_o it_o be_v breadth_n as_o we_o reckon_v it_o between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v sixty_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v colour_n be_v all_o over_o as_o white_a as_o snow_n the_o number_n of_o the_o main_a feather_n of_o its_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o seven_o of_o its_o tail_n twelve_o the_o length_n of_o its_o tail_n six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a it_o have_v no_o crest_n it_o be_v bill_n as_o in_o the_o common_a heron_n be_v yellowish_a the_o edge_n of_o its_o eyelid_n and_o that_o naked_a space_n between_o the_o eye_n and_o bill_n green_a the_o eye_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a the_o leg_n for_o some_o space_n above_o the_o knee_n bare_a of_o feather_n the_o foot_n and_o talon_n black_a the_o outer_a fore-toe_n connect_v with_o the_o middle_a one_o from_o the_o divarication_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n by_o a_o intervening_a membrane_n the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n have_v its_o interior_a edge_n tooth_a serrate_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o breastbone_n be_v arcuate_v bend_v like_o a_o bow_n as_o in_o other_o heron_n the_o vertebre_n of_o the_o back_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o those_o of_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o four_o be_v bend_v downward_o all_o the_o rest_n upward_o it_o have_v a_o great_a gall_n a_o triangular_a appendix_n on_o the_o merrithought_n of_o its_o fat_n be_v make_v oil_n good_a for_o the_o wind_n etc._n etc._n this_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a heron_n 1._o in_o magnitude_n as_o be_v lesser_a than_o that_o 2._o in_o the_o length_n of_o its_o tail_n 3._o in_o that_o it_o want_v a_o crest_n a_o certain_a english_a man_n say_v aldrovand_n affirm_v that_o he_o have_v see_v white_a heron_n though_o but_o rare_o which_o neither_o in_o bigness_n of_o body_n nor_o shape_n differ_v at_o all_o from_o the_o common_a heron_n but_o only_o in_o colour_n i_o suspect_v this_o relator_n whosoever_o he_o be_v be_v mistake_v account_v the_o bird_n in_o this_o article_n describe_v by_o we_o not_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a heron-shaw_n but_o only_o in_o colour_n for_o mr._n johnson_n who_o have_v see_v the_o white_a heron_n in_o england_n put_v it_o down_o for_o a_o distinct_a kind_n in_o his_o method_n of_o bird_n communicate_v to_o we_o §._o v._o the_o lesser_a white_a heron_n ardea_n alba_fw-la minor_fw-la be_v weigh_v it_o scarce_o amount_v to_o one_o pound_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v twenty_o four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o leg_n thirty_o two_o and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v all_o over_o of_o a_o pure_a white_a colour_n like_o the_o big_a from_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n hang_v down_o backward_o a_o short_a crest_n about_o the_o eye_n the_o skin_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n and_o of_o a_o green_a colour_n the_o bill_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o black_a the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a the_o tongue_n short_a the_o foot_n green_a but_o sometime_o cover_v with_o a_o black_a scaly_a bark_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v rub_v or_o scrape_v off_o the_o leg_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n something_o above_o the_o knee_n and_o up_o high_a than_o in_o the_o former_a kind_n the_o outer_a fore-toe_n be_v connect_v with_o the_o middle_n from_o its_o rise_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n by_o a_o intervening_a membrane_n the_o middle_a talon_n be_v tooth_v as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n it_o have_v also_o but_o one_o blind_a gut_n like_v they_o and_o a_o great_a gall._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o precedent_n white_a heron_n in_o be_v much_o lesser_a and_o in_o have_v a_o crest_n which_o that_o want_n we_o take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o
a_o bill_n a_o palm_n long_o of_o a_o horny_a colour_n straight_o and_o sharp-pointed_a the_o upper_a mandible_a be_v a_o little_a hook_a at_o the_o end_n and_o long_o than_o the_o nether_a with_o some_o blackness_n the_o crown_n be_v black_a the_o neck_n ferrugineous_a two_o palm_n long_o the_o back_n be_v black_a and_o so_o be_v the_o tail_n which_o be_v very_o short_a the_o rump_n beneath_o white_a the_o wing_n partly_o ferrugineous_a partly_o white_a the_o leg_n nine_o inch_n long_o the_o iris_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v yellow_a this_o seem_v as_o yet_o to_o be_v a_o young_a bird_n that_o have_v not_o mew_v its_o first_o feather_n §._o fourteen_o the_o great_a speckle_v or_o red_a heron_n of_o aldrovand_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o bastard_n kind_a between_o the_o bittour_n and_o the_o common_a heron_n but_o to_o partake_v more_o of_o the_o common_a heron_n whence_o it_o will_v be_v more_o right_o entitle_v the_o ash-coloured_a or_o blue_a heron_n with_o red_a breast_n and_o side_n in_o its_o bigness_n shape_n and_o serrate_v claw_v it_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a heron._n the_o crown_n of_o its_o head_n be_v black_a adorn_v with_o a_o long_a crest_n it_o be_v back_o ash-coloured_a but_o dark_a than_o the_o common_a heron_n on_o the_o shoulder_n grow_v long_o red_a bristly_a hair_n the_o lesser_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v red_a the_o thigh_n be_v white_a dash_v with_o red_a near_o the_o breast_n on_o both_o side_n be_v a_o broad_a red_a stroke_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o throat_n be_v particoloured_a with_o black_a and_o pale_a red_a spot_n down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v a_o black_a line_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o two_o red_a one_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n under_o the_o long_a feather_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_a in_o other_o particular_n it_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a heron._n it_o have_v but_o one_o single_a blind-gut_n a_o huge_a gallbladder_n the_o rib_n tend_v straight_o downward_o from_o the_o vertebres_fw-es of_o the_o back_n like_o those_o of_o quadruped_n the_o gut_n be_v small_a and_o slender_a the_o remnant_n of_o the_o passage_n convey_v the_o yolk_n into_o the_o gut_n be_v plain_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o blind_a gut_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o intestine_n the_o pipe_n convey_v gall_n from_o the_o gallbladder_n to_o the_o gut_n and_o the_o liver_n porus_n bilarius_fw-la do_v not_o concur_v in_o one_o common_a passage_n but_o continue_v their_o channel_n several_a and_o distinct_a and_o perforate_v the_o gut_n in_o two_o place_n but_o near_o one_o to_o the_o other_o §._o xv._n *_o the_o brasilian_n soco_n of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v a_o waterfowl_n of_o which_o here_o in_o brasil_n many_o sort_n may_v be_v observe_v it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o lesser_a heron_n have_v a_o straight_a black_a and_o sharp-pointed_a bill_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a where_o it_o be_v thick_a it_o be_v head_n be_v like_o a_o heron_n as_o be_v also_o its_o neck_n be_v a_o foot_n long_o its_o eye_n black_a with_o a_o golden_a golden_a circle_n the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v equal_o extend_v end_v together_o for_o the_o tail_n be_v short_a be_v not_o of_o above_o five_o inch_n length_n the_o leg_n be_v sufficient_o long_a above_o the_o knee_n four_o inch_n and_o as_o many_o below_o each_o foot_n have_v four_o toe_n three_o stand_v forward_o and_o one_o backward_o the_o thigh_n above_o the_o knee_n be_v above_o half_a way_n bare_a of_o feather_n cover_v with_o a_o dusky_a skin_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v clothe_v with_o brown_a feather_n variegated_a with_o small_a speck_n along_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n down_o as_o low_a as_o the_o breast_n be_v a_o line_n draw_v of_o white_a feather_n mix_v with_o black_a and_o brown_a one_o the_o back_n and_o wing_n be_v indeed_o black_a but_o variegated_a or_o powder_v with_o very_o small_a yellow_a speck_n or_o point_n the_o belly_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n under_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a feather_n spot_v with_o white_a §._o xvi_o *_o the_o brasilian_n heron_n call_v cocoi_fw-fr of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v a_o elegant_a bird_n of_o almost_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o stork_n have_v a_o straight_a sharp_a bill_n about_o six_o inch_n long_o which_o be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a at_o its_o rise_n crystal_n eye_n with_o a_o golden_a circle_n the_o skin_n about_o the_o eye_n bare_a and_o ash-coloured_a the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v fifteen_o inch_n of_o the_o body_n ten_o of_o the_o tail_n five_o the_o tail_n and_o wing_n equal_o extend_v the_o upper_a leg_n be_v feather_v half_o down_o be_v eight_o inch_n long_o the_o low_a be_v but_o six_o and_o a_o half_a cover_v with_o a_o ash-coloured_a skin_n the_o foot_n have_v four_o toe_n dispose_v in_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o middle_a the_o long_a the_o rest_n short_a all_o arm_a with_o crooked_a dusky_a claw_n the_o throat_n and_o all_o the_o neck_n be_v white_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n and_o side_n of_o a_o black_a colour_n mix_v with_o cinereous_a it_o carry_v on_o the_o head_n a_o elegant_a erect_v crest_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n from_o which_o two_o neat_a feather_n hang_v down_o backward_o of_o a_o black_a colour_n incline_v to_o cinereous_a each_o five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o foreside_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v spot_v longways_o or_o down_o its_o length_n with_o feather_n mix_v of_o black_a and_o cinereous_a in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n before_o it_o have_v long_o white_a fine_a delicate_a feather_n hang_v down_o which_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o wear_v in_o our_o cap_n the_o whole_a back_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n mingle_v with_o a_o little_a white_a the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o leg_n upper_a be_v invest_v with_o white_a feather_n along_o the_o length_n of_o the_o back_o be_v extend_v fine_a elegant_a ash-coloured_a feather_n for_o their_o figure_n and_o structure_n like_o those_o on_o the_o neck_n it_o be_v good_a meat_n §._o xvii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n heron_n with_o a_o serrate_n bill_n of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o tame_a duck_n or_o a_o little_o big_a have_v a_o straight_a sharp_a bill_n the_o fore-half_a as_o well_o above_o as_o beneath_o double_o serrate_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a it_o have_v the_o head_n and_o neck_n of_o a_o heron_n a_o black_a pupil_n with_o a_o golden_a circle_n its_o neck_n be_v a_o foot_n long_o its_o body_n five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a its_o tail_n four_o wherewith_o the_o wing_n end_n the_o whole_a leg_n be_v nine_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o upper_a to_o the_o middle_a part_n only_o cover_v with_o feather_n the_o low_a half_o be_v bare_a in_o each_o foot_n four_o toe_n after_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o upper_a bill_n be_v dusky_a but_o towards_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a the_o whole_a head_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v cover_v with_o long_a feather_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a colour_n wave_v with_o black_a under_o the_o throat_n it_o be_v white_a the_o neck_n beneath_o the_o breast_n and_o low_a belly_n have_v white_a feather_n wave_v with_o brown_a which_o brown_a be_v round_n about_o edge_a with_o yellow_a the_o whole_a back_n and_o wing_n be_v cover_v with_o dusky_a feather_n wave_v with_o yellow_a the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v mix_v of_o equal_a part_n of_o black_a and_o green_a their_o tip_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o such_o feather_n as_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n but_o cross_v with_o white_a line_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a grey_a colour_n the_o claw_n dusky_a it_o be_v flesh_n be_v eat_v and_o taste_v like_o that_o of_o other_o heron_n §._o xviii_o *_o guiratinga_fw-mi of_o the_o brasilian_n call_v by_o the_o portague_n garza_n that_o be_v a_o heron._n marggrave_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o spoon-bill_n or_o pelecan_n of_o gesner_n and_o the_o same_o shape_n of_o body_n it_o walk_v erect_v with_o its_o long_a neck_n and_o extend_a bill_n which_o be_v straight_o sharp_a yellow_a four_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a part_n thereof_o black_a the_o lower_z white_z it_o have_v long_a leg_n like_o a_o heron_n of_o about_o six_o inch_n the_o toe_n be_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o leg_n outward_o as_o also_o the_o foot_n be_v yellow_a inward_o mix_v of_o green_a and_o dusky_a the_o whole_a body_n be_v cover_v with_o milkwhite_a feather_n on_o the_o neck_n be_v most_o elegant_a white_a feather_n more_o fine_a than_o ostrich_n it_o be_v a_o waterfowl_n and_o its_o upper_a leg_n be_v for_o some_o space_n bear_v of_o feather_n §._o xix_o *_o
shore_n by_o the_o seaside_n which_o for_o a_o great_a space_n be_v uncover_v when_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o where_o it_o hide_v not_o itself_o like_o the_o woodcock_n but_o walk_v up_o and_o down_o the_o sand_n in_o open_a view_n like_o a_o gull_n barge_n of_o bellonius_fw-la which_o he_o say_v they_o in_o french_a call_n curlew_n petit_fw-fr corlieu_n it_o live_v in_o meadow_n like_o the_o curlew_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n frequent_v the_o sea_n it_o be_v a_o timorous_a bird_n not_o abide_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o man_n it_o have_v a_o cry_n like_o a_o goat_n whence_o we_o guess_v it_o be_v name_v by_o aristotle_n aegocephalus_n or_o goathead_n but_o lest_o perchance_o this_o my_o conjecture_n may_v seem_v rash_a and_o groundless_a i_o will_v describe_v it_o it_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o curlew_n but_o for_o colour_v not_o much_o unlike_o it_o have_v also_o a_o short_a bill_n and_o straight_o aristotle_n write_v thus_o of_o it_o it_o altogether_o want_v a_o spleen_n and_o a_o little_a after_o for_o in_o some_o bird_n the_o gall_n stick_v to_o the_o stomach_n in_o some_o to_o the_o gut_n as_o in_o the_o dove_n raven_n quail_n swallow_n sparrow_n in_o some_o to_o the_o liver_n and_o the_o stomach_n as_o in_o the_o aegocephalus_n and_o last_o in_o other_o to_o the_o liver_n and_o the_o gut_n as_o in_o the_o hawk_n and_o kite_n but_o in_o our_o barge_n dissect_v we_o find_v the_o gall_n stick_v both_o to_o the_o liver_n and_o stomach_n as_o any_o one_o that_o will_v be_v content_a to_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o cut_v it_o up_o may_v observe_v it_o be_v esteem_v a_o delicate_a bird_n by_o the_o french_a but_o seldom_o appear_v in_o place_n far_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n seek_v its_o food_n most_o willing_o in_o salt_n marsh_n a_o good_a part_n of_o marshbird_n be_v nocturnal_a as_o this_o also_o be_v intent_n upon_o feed_v by_o night_n rather_o than_o by_o day_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v receive_v it_o for_o the_o aegocephalus_n till_o some_o other_o more_o fit_a name_n be_v find_v out_o for_o it_o thus_o far_a bellonius_fw-la i_o take_v this_o bird_n of_o bellonius_fw-la to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o godwit_n which_o in_o cambridgeshire_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n they_o call_v yarwhelp_n §._o ii_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o godwit_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o totanus_n of_o 430._o aldrovand_n call_v at_o venice_n vetola_n it_o weigh_v above_o nine_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o bill_n to_o tail_n be_v full_a seventeen_o inch_n to_o the_o foot_n twenty_o one_o its_o breadth_n from_o wings-end_n to_o wings-end_n twenty_o eight_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v like_o a_o woodcock_n three_o inch_n three_o quarter_n long_o black_a at_o the_o end_n else_o red_a its_o leg_n long_o and_o bare_a above_o the_o knee_n the_o outmost_a toe_n join_v to_o the_o middle_n by_o a_o membrane_n as_o far_o as_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o middle_a claw_n excavate_v on_o the_o inner_a side_n the_o chin_n be_v white_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o red_a the_o neck_n grey_a cinereous_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o head_n of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n whitish_a about_o the_o eye_n the_o back_o brown_a the_o rump_n encompass_v with_o a_o white_a ring_n as_o in_o the_o pygargus_fw-la the_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o six_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a the_o long_a all_o black_a as_o be_v also_o the_o six_o next_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o nineteen_o be_v half_a white_a in_o the_o twenty_o and_o twenty_o first_o the_o outer_a edge_n be_v also_o white_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v white_a and_o together_o make_v a_o white_a line_n cross_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o wing_n it_o be_v tail_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o two_o middlemost_a of_o which_o be_v almost_o whole_o black_a the_o outmost_a especial_o on_o the_o outside_n web_n white_a almost_o up_o to_o the_o tip_n in_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n the_o white_a part_n be_v less_o and_o less_o to_o the_o middlemost_a this_o bird_n have_v thick_a blind-gut_n ⅛_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o beside_o that_o single_a one_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o gut_n it_o differ_v from_o the_o precedent_n 1._o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o tail_n 2._o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o back_n and_o upper_a side_n which_o in_o that_o be_v various_a in_o this_o one_o and_o the_o same_o 3._o in_o bigness_n be_v less_o than_o that_o §._o iii_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o godwit_n beside_o the_o two_o already_o describe_v mr._n willughby_n acknowledge_v a_o three_o sort_n of_o godwit_n which_o in_o cornwall_n they_o call_v the_o curlew_n stone-curlew_n differ_v from_o the_o precedent_n in_o that_o it_o have_v a_o much_o short_a and_o slendere_a bill_n than_o either_o of_o they_o book_n iii_o part_n i._o section_n iv._o waterfowl_n not_o piscivorous_a with_o very_o long_o slender_a crooked_a bill_n chap._n i._n §_o i._o the_o curlew_n numenius_n sive_fw-la arquata_n the_o female_a weigh_v twenty_o eight_o ounce_n the_o male_a which_o be_v somewhat_o less_o and_o common_o call_v the_o jack_n curlew_n twenty_o five_o and_o a_o quarter_n the_o length_n of_o the_o female_a from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n be_v twenty_o nine_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o three_o and_o a_o half_a the_o distance_n of_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v forty_o inch_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o back_o be_v black_a the_o border_n or_o outside_n ash-coloured_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o red_a in_o the_o throat_n and_o breast_n the_o middle_a part_n or_o shaft_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o border_n or_o edge_n in_o the_o breast_n white_a in_o the_o throat_n white_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o red_a the_o chin_n be_v not_o spot_v the_o rump_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o feather_n invest_v the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v all_o white_a the_o first_o or_o outmost_a quil-feather_n all_o over_o black_a the_o rest_n spot_v with_o white_a the_o first_o feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v all_o black_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o eight_o or_o nine_o next_z are_z white_z this_o bird_n have_v a_o small_a sharp-pointed_a black_a feather_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o quil-feather_n one_o may_v just_o doubt_v it_o be_v bill_n be_v six_o very_o long_o narrow_a bow_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o black_a colour_n its_o tongue_n sharp_a and_o very_o short_a extend_v not_o further_o than_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o low_a chap_n the_o nostril_n long_o the_o leg_n long_o of_o a_o dusky_a blue_a colour_n bare_a of_o feather_n half_o up_o the_o second_o joint_n the_o claw_n small_a and_o black_a that_o of_o the_o middle_a toe_n thin_v into_o a_o edge_n on_o the_o inside_n all_o the_o toe_n connect_v by_o a_o thick_a membrane_n from_o the_o divarication_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n it_o have_v a_o great_a gallbladder_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n extend_v to_o the_o gut_n which_o concur_v not_o in_o one_o common_a passage_n with_o the_o bilarius_fw-la gall-pore_a but_o enter_v the_o gut_n at_o a_o distinct_a hole_n though_o near_o to_o that_o it_o have_v a_o musculous_a stomach_n or_o gizzard_n like_o granivorous_a bird_n in_o the_o stomach_n of_o one_o we_o find_v periwinkle_n shell_n small_a stone_n and_o grit_n etc._n etc._n in_o another_o frog_n etc._n etc._n the_o single_a blind_a gut_n be_v very_o long_o the_o common_a blind_a gut_n three_o or_o four_o inch_n long_o and_o full_a of_o excrement_n above_o the_o stomach_n the_o gullet_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o bag_n granulate_v within_o with_o thick-set_a papillary_a glandule_n this_o bird_n for_o the_o goodness_n and_o delicate_a taste_n of_o its_o flesh_n may_v just_o challenge_v the_o principal_a place_n among_o waterfowl_n of_o this_o our_o fowler_n be_v not_o ignorant_a and_o therefore_o sell_v they_o dear_a they_o have_v a_o proverb_n among_o they_o in_o suffolk_n a_o curlew_n be_v she_o white_a be_v she_o black_a she_o carry_v twelve_o penny_n on_o her_o back_n it_o be_v a_o seafowl_n seek_v its_o food_n on_o the_o sand_n and_o ouze_n and_o in_o salt_n marsh_n it_o be_v find_v on_o the_o seacoast_n on_o all_o side_n of_o england_n §._o ii_o the_o whimbrel_n arquata_n minor_fw-la at_o venice_n taraniolo_n this_o bird_n the_o bigness_n except_v be_v very_o like_o the_o curlew_n it_o weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n the_o measure_n from_o bill_n to_o tail_n be_v seventeen_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n twenty_o of_o the_o wing_n spread_v thirty_o three_o and_o a_o half_a the_o bill_n three_o inch_n long_o the_o blind_a gut_n two_o
this_o bird_n we_o see_v at_o milan_n in_o italy_n and_o thus_o describe_v it_o be_v something_o less_o than_o a_o lapwing_n the_o upper_a surface_n of_o its_o body_n be_v grey_a of_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o colour_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o back_n of_o hen_n duck_n and_o teal_n or_o of_o the_o curlew_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v long_a and_o yellow_a its_o claw_n black_a it_o have_v the_o back_n toe_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v short_a than_o the_o redshanks_n long_a than_o the_o lapwing_n near_o the_o head_n of_o a_o flesh-colour_n near_o the_o tip_n black_a the_o prime_a feather_n be_v twenty_o five_o in_o each_o wing_n the_o tail_n half_a a_o hand-breadth_n long_o not_o reach_v so_o far_o as_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n close_v it_o have_v the_o head_n and_o neck_n of_o a_o tringa_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o bird_n call_v tringae_n §._o i._o the_o tringa_n of_o 481._o aldrovand_n the_o cinclus_n of_o bellonius_fw-la the_o gallinula_n rhodopus_fw-la or_o phoenicopus_fw-la and_o also_o the_o ochropus_fw-la media_fw-la of_o 461._o gesner_n the_o steingallel_n of_o leonard_n baltner_n in_o bigness_n it_o equal_v or_o exceed_v a_o blackbird_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n be_v of_o a_o green_a dusky_a green_a and_o shine_v like_o silk_n the_o feather_n grow_v on_o and_o between_o the_o shoulder_n as_o also_o the_o quil-feather_n next_o the_o body_n and_o most_o of_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v spot_v on_o the_o edge_n with_o many_o white_a speck_n those_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n want_v these_o spot_n n._n b._n that_o this_o bird_n be_v a_o female_a for_o in_o the_o male_n there_o be_v many_o and_o thick_a set_v spot_n on_o the_o head_n so_o that_o they_o make_v up_o certain_a line_n or_o strike_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o chin_n be_v white_a the_o throat_n be_v white_a and_o spot_v with_o brown_a the_o feather_n on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o be_v blackish_a with_o white_a edge_n those_o next_o the_o tail_n milkwhite_a the_o colour_n also_o of_o the_o breast_n and_o whole_a belly_n be_v pure_o white_a the_o bill_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a straight_o slender_a compress_v at_o the_o side_n of_o a_o dark_a green_a black_a at_o the_o point_n the_o upper_a mandible_a a_o little_a long_o than_o the_o nether_a the_o tongue_n sharp_a not_o cleave_v the_o eye_n of_o a_o great_a size_n with_o hazel-coloured_n irides_fw-la the_o leg_n be_v long_o lead-coloured_n with_o a_o tincture_n of_o green_a the_o toe_n also_o long_o the_o two_o outmost_a connect_v by_o a_o membrane_n almost_o to_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o back-toe_n little_a the_o claw_n black_a this_o be_v a_o solitary_a bird_n yet_o in_o breed_v time_n they_o fly_v two_o together_o male_a and_o female_a about_o the_o bank_n of_o pool_n lake_n and_o river_n the_o gallinula_n rhodopus_fw-la or_o phoenicopus_fw-la of_o gesner_n which_o he_o say_v the_o german_n call_v steingallel_v differ_v from_o the_o steingallel_n of_o baltner_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o leg_n which_o in_o gesner_n bird_n be_v like_o that_o of_o a_o rose_n or_o amethyst_n in_o baltner_n a_o dirty_a green_a but_o see_v the_o other_o note_n agree_v i_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o bird_n different_a perchance_o in_o sex_n since_o as_o baltner_n have_v observe_v in_o some_o of_o these_o bird_n the_o sex_n differ_v in_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o foot_n §._o ii_o *_o the_o three_o tringa_n of_o aldrovand_n call_v by_o the_o italian_n giaroncello_n &_o pinirolo_n the_o bill_n of_o this_o be_v much_o black_a than_o that_o of_o the_o precedent_n and_o a_o little_o short_a the_o upper_a chap_n somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o nether_a it_o be_v the_o same_o for_o shape_n of_o body_n only_o somewhat_o different_a in_o colour_n for_o whereas_o both_o be_v chief_o of_o a_o dusky_a and_o chesnut-colour_n in_o the_o head_n neck_n back_o and_o wing_n that_o in_o all_o these_o part_n 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the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n the_o wing_n when_o close_v reach_v as_o far_o or_o further_o than_o the_o tail_n itself_o which_o be_v short_a of_o about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a or_o two_o inch_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o two_o middlemost_a darker_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o almost_o black_a the_o whole_a belly_n and_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n the_o breast_n in_o some_o spot_a or_o cloud_v with_o brown_a in_o other_o perhaps_o these_o be_v the_o male_n no_o spot_n appear_v yet_o the_o breast_n be_v dark_a than_o the_o belly_n and_o incline_v to_o red_a the_o blind_a gut_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a the_o stomach_n not_o very_o musculous_a these_o bird_n live_v upon_o the_o sandy_a shore_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o fly_v in_o flock_n we_o see_v many_o of_o they_o on_o the_o seacoast_n of_o cornwall_n chap._n x._o *_o the_o rotknussel_n of_o baltner_n rotkmillis_n or_o gallinula_n melampus_n of_o gesner_n 45._o aldrov_n the_o german_a name_n rotkmillis_n say_v gesner_n seem_v to_o be_v compound_v of_o the_o colour_n for_o this_o bird_n be_v of_o a_o red_a or_o russet_a colour_n with_o dusky_a spot_n in_o the_o neck_n and_o about_o the_o eye_n but_o kmillis_n i_o know_v not_o whence_o derive_v be_v a_o more_o common_a or_o general_a word_n since_o another_o water-hen_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v also_o call_v matkmillis_n we_o from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o leg_n have_v impose_v on_o it_o the_o name_n melampus_n which_o signify_v black-soot_n for_o there_o be_v no_o bird_n i_o know_v of_o this_o kind_n that_o have_v black_a foot_n the_o body_n be_v dusky_a with_o some_o spot_n of_o a_o sordid_a and_o dark_a colour_n the_o bill_n also_o be_v black_a the_o wing_n mark_v with_o black_a spot_n to_o this_o bird_n say_v aldrovand_n that_o which_o i_o here_o give_v you_o call_v by_o our_o fowler_n giarola_n a_o name_n common_a to_o many_o bird_n be_v very_o like_a if_o not_o the_o same_o for_o on_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o breast_n down_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n it_o be_v red_a sprinkle_v with_o brown_a and_o sometime_o also_o white_a spot_n its_o foot_n and_o leg_n be_v coalblack_a the_o small_a wing-feather_n be_v distinguish_v with_o cinereous_a and_o black_a the_o great_a one_o be_v black_a the_o bill_n be_v long_o and_o a_o little_a bend_n sharp_a at_o point_n the_o belly_n be_v white_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o red_a and_o curious_o spot_v with_o black_a spot_n the_o tail_n also_o be_v white_a but_o black_a at_o the_o end_n chap._n xi_o *_o matkneltzel_n of_o baltner_n gallinula_n erythra_n of_o gesner_n this_o bird_n the_o german_n call_v matkern_n but_o for_o what_o reason_n say_v gesner_n i_o know_v not_o i_o from_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o whole_a body_n have_v call_v it_o erythra_n but_o though_o almost_o the_o whole_a body_n i_o except_v the_o belly_n which_o be_v whitish_a with_o a_o faint_a tincture_n of_o red_a and_o the_o leg_n which_o be_v ash-coloured_a be_v red_a yet_o be_v that_o redness_n dark_a on_o the_o back_n and_o intercept_v with_o white_a spot_n bright_a in_o some_o of_o the_o wing-feather_n the_o long_a whereof_o approach_n to_o the_o colour_n of_o red_a ochre_n in_o the_o neck_n beneath_o be_v some_o white_a speck_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a not_o without_o somewhat_o of_o red_a short_a than_o in_o most_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n it_o be_v take_v among_o reed_n with_o snare_n it_o have_v a_o cry_n somewhat_o resemble_v the_o sound_n of_o fuller_n strike_v of_o wool_n leonard_n baltner_n describe_v his_o matkneltzel_n if_o at_o least_o it_o be_v the_o same_o bird_n with_o gesner_n matkern_n thus_o it_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a beautiful_a bird_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n it_o be_v a_o full_a strasburgh_n ell_n long_o it_o weigh_v six_o lot_n and_o a_o half_a that_o be_v three_o ounce_n a_o quarter_n for_o a_o lot_n be_v about_o half_a a_o ounce_n it_o gut_n be_v a_o ell_n long_o it_o frequent_v water_n and_o seek_v its_o meat_n in_o watery_a place_n the_o cock_n be_v adorn_v with_o beautiful_a feather_n like_o those_o of_o partridge_n and_o have_v pale-red_n foot_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o hen_n be_v less_o beautiful_a and_o their_o foot_n grey_a some_o also_o weigh_v thirteen_o lot_n and_o be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o ell_n long_o these_o bird_n in_o figure_n magnitude_n and_o colour_n do_v very_o near_o resemble_v the_o female_a ruff_n which_o they_o call_v reeves_n whether_o they_o be_v the_o same_o or_o not_o let_v the_o virtuoso_n at_o strasburgh_n where_o they_o be_v find_v examine_v chap._n xii_o the_o north-country_n dunlin_n of_o mr._n johnson_n it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o jack-snipe_n or_o judcock_n have_v a_o straight_a channel_v black_a bill_n a_o little_o broad_a at_o the_o end_n oblong_v nostril_n a_o blackish_a tongue_n the_o throat_n and_o breast_n white_a spot_v with_o black_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v blackish_a wave_v with_o white_a line_n the_o low_a belly_n and_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n white_a all_o the_o upper_a side_n be_v red_a every_o where_o spot_v with_o pretty_a great_a black_a spot_n with_o a_o little_a white_a yet_o the_o wing_n from_o a_o caesio_n grey_a incline_v to_o a_o brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o long_a competent_a length_n and_o black_a the_o back-toe_n the_o short_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v dusky_a brown_a with_o one_o or_o two_o red_a spot_n the_o rest_n from_o brown_a incline_v to_o white_a it_o get_v its_o food_n out_o of_o the_o mud_n the_o rotknussel_n or_o gallinula_n melampus_fw-la of_o gesner_n and_o aldrovand_n differ_v not_o much_o from_o this_o bird_n chap._n xiii_o §._o i._o the_o stint_v which_o the_o french_a call_v the_o sea-lark_n schoeniclos_n seu_fw-la junco_n bellonii_fw-la a_o cinclus_n prio_fw-la aldrov_n it_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o common_a lark_n or_o but_o very_o little_o less_o for_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o body_n like_a to_o a_o snipe_n from_o bill_n to_o foot_n eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o slender_a black_a a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o like_a to_o a_o snipe_n bill_n the_o tongue_n extend_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bill_n the_o foot_n dusky_a or_o blackish_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o green_a the_o toe_n not_o join_v by_o any_o membrane_n the_o back-toe_n small_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n except_v the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o first_o row_n of_o covert_n be_v grey_a or_o cinereous_a with_o black_a spot_n or_o line_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o single_a feather_n the_o feather_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o wing_n have_v a_o tincture_n of_o red_a mr._n willughby_n describe_v it_o a_o little_a different_o thus_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o head_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n red_a or_o russet_a the_o neck_n be_v more_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o back-feather_n of_o a_o gloss_n dark_a purple_a with_o red_a ash-coloured_a edge_n those_o on_o the_o rump_n of_o a_o light_a red_n with_o black_a line_n or_o stroke_n down_o their_o shaft_n the_o wing_n be_v long_o and_o when_o fold_v up_o reach_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o each_o wing_n twenty_o four_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n as_o far_o as_o they_o appear_v above_o the_o covert-feather_n for_o their_o bottom_n be_v white_a and_o the_o interior_a in_o order_n gradual_o more_o than_o the_o exterior_a to_o the_o nineteen_o which_o be_v almost_o whole_o white_a mr._n willughby_n in_o the_o bird_n he_o describe_v observe_v the_o tip_n of_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n to_o have_v be_v also_o white_a in_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o in_o the_o sanderling_n make_v together_o a_o white_a line_n across_o the_o wing_n yet_o narrow_a than_o in_o that_o the_o exterior_a edge_n of_o the_o five_o count_v from_o the_o outmost_a and_o of_o the_o subsequent_a to_o the_o eleven_o be_v white_a the_o four_o next_o the_o body_n be_v whole_o dusky_a and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o straighten_v into_o sharp_a point_n and_o when_o the_o wing_n be_v close_v reach_n almost_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o tail_n be_v scarce_o two_o inch_n long_o not_o fork_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v long_o than_o the_o rest_n sharp_a point_v also_o and_o darker-coloured_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n without_o any_o cross_a line_n or_o bar_n only_o their_o outmost_a edge_n whitish_a all_o the_o
divide_v the_o eye_n be_v hazel-coloured_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a the_o claw_n black_a it_o want_v the_o back-toe_n the_o outmost_a of_o the_o fore-toe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a by_o a_o membrane_n reach_v to_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o stomach_n have_v not_o very_o thick_a muscle_n in_o it_o dissect_v we_o find_v beetle_n the_o gallbladder_n be_v large_a it_o build_v on_o the_o sea-rock_n make_v its_o nest_n of_o grass_n straw_n and_o stalk_n of_o plant_n its_o egg_n be_v of_o a_o greenish_a colour_n spot_v with_o brown_a all_o the_o blunt_a end_n be_v dusky_a it_o run_v very_o swift_o on_o the_o shore_n and_o make_v short_a flight_n sing_v or_o cry_v continual_o as_o it_o fly_v it_o be_v with_o we_o in_o england_n every_o where_o very_o common_a upon_o the_o seacoast_n we_o see_v it_o also_o about_o the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n and_o it_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o we_o kill_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n trent_n not_o far_o from_o nottingham_n this_o bird_n be_v the_o very_a same_o which_o marggravius_n describe_v book_n 5._o chap._n 5._o by_o the_o name_n of_o matuitui_n as_o he_o say_v the_o brasilian_n call_v it_o as_o will_v clear_o appear_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v but_o compare_v they_o together_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v some_o bird_n common_a to_o europe_n and_o even_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o america_n leonard_n baltner_n describe_v and_o picture_n two_o sort_n of_o this_o bird_n perchance_o his_o lesser_a kind_n be_v that_o which_o the_o welsh_a call_v goligod_n and_o say_v be_v like_o a_o sea-lark_n but_o less_o chap._n v._o the_o turn-stone_n or_o sea-dottrel_n morinellus_n marinus_fw-la of_o sir_n thomas_n brown_n a_o cinclus_n turneri_fw-la it_o be_v lesser_a than_o a_o plover_n and_o something_o big_a than_o a_o blackbird_n in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o claw_n ten_o inch_n in_o breadth_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v twenty_o it_o be_v long-bodied_n and_o have_v but_o a_o indifferent_a head_n the_o cock_n and_o hen_n differ_v not_o in_o colour_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o black_a a_o inch_n long_o from_o a_o thick_a base_a lessen_v by_o degree_n into_o a_o sharp_a point_n something_o flat_o strong_a and_o stiff_a than_o in_o the_o woodcock_n kind_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o plumage_n in_o the_o head_n neck_n shoulder_n wing_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v brown_a mr._n willughby_n make_v the_o feather_n cover_v these_o part_n to_o be_v black_a or_o purplish_a black_a in_o the_o middle_n cinereous_a or_o of_o a_o white_a russet_a about_o the_o edge_n all_o the_o under-side_n but_o the_o breast_n be_v as_o white_a as_o snow_n the_o plumage_n on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n be_v white_a but_o on_o the_o very_a rump_n be_v a_o great_a transverse_a black_a spot_n the_o long_a scapular_a feather_n be_v brown_a with_o edge_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n or_o dirty_a white_a the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o six_o of_o a_o brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n but_o from_o the_o outmost_a three_o or_o four_o their_o bottom_n be_v white_a continual_o more_o and_o more_o till_o in_o the_o nineteen_o and_o twenty_o the_o white_a spread_v almost_o over_o the_o whole_a feather_n in_o the_o second_o row_n the_o foremost_a feather_n be_v whole_o black_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o follow_a be_v white_a together_o make_v a_o broad_a line_n of_o white_a across_o the_o wing_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o lesser_a row_n be_v red_a near_o the_o second_o joint_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v a_o white_a spot_n the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o low_a half_n be_v white_a the_o upper_a black_a yet_o the_o very_a tip_n white_a the_o leg_n be_v short_a of_o a_o saffron_n or_o orange_n colour_n the_o claw_n black_a the_o toe_n divide_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n but_o the_o outmost_a and_o middle_a toe_n couple_v by_o a_o membrane_n as_o far_o as_o the_o first_o joint_n it_o have_v the_o back-toe_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n of_o which_o the_o side_n dexter_a be_v much_o the_o big_a i_o find_v no_o gall_n yet_o dare_v not_o say_v that_o it_o want_v one_o upon_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o england_n about_o pensans_n in_o cornwall_n and_o aberdaren_n in_o merioneth-shire_n in_o wales_n we_o observe_v many_o of_o they_o where_o they_o fly_v three_o or_o four_o in_o company_n nor_o be_v they_o less_o frequent_a on_o the_o seacoast_n of_o norfolk_n our_o honour_a friend_n sir_n thomas_n brown_n of_o norwich_n send_v we_o the_o picture_n of_o this_o bird_n by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o sea-dottrel_n chap._n vi._n *_o the_o first_o junco_n of_o 55._o aldrovand_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o sparrow_n have_v a_o black_a channel_v bill_n sufficient_o hard_a and_o crooked_a at_o the_o end_n the_o tongue_n also_o channel_v and_o at_o the_o tip_n hard_o and_o cleave_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o the_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o chesnut-colour_n all_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o breast_n white_a all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n from_o brown_a dusky_a incline_v to_o black_a the_o tail_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o consist_v of_o ten_o feather_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n dusky_a the_o cock_n differ_v from_o the_o hen_n only_o in_o this_o that_o in_o she_o the_o colour_n be_v more_o dull_a in_o he_o more_o lively_a to_o this_o aldrovand_n add_v another_o which_o be_v altogether_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n the_o same_o shape_n and_o fashion_n of_o body_n and_o make_v of_o bill_n and_o foot_n he_o think_v to_o be_v of_o kin_n to_o it_o but_o to_o differ_v only_o in_o colour_n for_o its_o throat_n and_o breast_n indeed_o be_v white_a but_o its_o whole_a belly_n from_o cinereous_a incline_v to_o dusky_a or_o brown_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o plumage_n be_v dusky_a book_n iii_o part_n ii_o bird_n of_o a_o middle_a nature_n between_o swimmer_n and_o wader_n or_o that_o do_v both_o swim_v and_o wade_n of_o these_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n the_o one_o of_o cloven-footed_a bird_n that_o swim_v the_o other_o of_o whole-footed_n with_o long_a leg_n section_n i._o clovenfooted_n bird_n that_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n i._o such_o who_o toe_n have_v no_o lateral_a membrane_n call_v waterhen_n chap._n i._o of_o waterhen_n or_o more-hen_n in_o general_n the_o characteristic_a note_n of_o waterhen_n or_o more-hen_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o kind_n of_o bird_n be_v a_o small_a head_n a_o slender_a compress_a or_o narrow_a body_n a_o short_a bill_n moderate_o bend_v short_a concave_a wing_n like_v to_o hen_n a_o very_a short_a tail_n long_a leg_n very_o long_a toe_n short_a flight_n they_o be_v call_v hen_n gallinulae_n by_o modern_a writer_n a_o diminutive_a word_n from_o gallina_n which_o signify_v a_o hen_n for_o the_o likeness_n of_o their_o body_n especial_o their_o bill_n and_o wing_n and_o condition_n to_o hen_n chap._n ii_o of_o waterhen_n in_o particular_a §._o i._o the_o common_a water-hen_n or_o more-hen_n gallinula_n chloropus_fw-la major_a aldrovandi_fw-la in_o shape_n of_o body_n it_o be_v like_o a_o coot_n but_o small_a narrow-body_n or_o very_o much_o compress_v sideway_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o this_o kind_n contrary_a to_o the_o duck-kind_n who_o body_n be_v broad_a flat_a and_o depress_v the_o hen_n weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n the_o cock_n fifteen_o the_o length_n of_o the_o hen_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v more_o than_o seventeen_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n thirteen_o and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o cock_n fourteen_o and_o a_o half_a the_o extreme_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v twenty_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a distant_a the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o bill_n straight_o or_o but_o little_a bend_n the_o nether_a chap_n as_o far_o as_o the_o angle_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a then_o red_a the_o upper_a less_o yellow_a at_o the_o end_n about_o the_o nostril_n and_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bald_a part_n red_a the_o bald_a part_n be_v round_o and_o end_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n be_v like_o that_o of_o a_o coot_n save_v that_o the_o coat_n be_v white_a but_o this_o bird_n red_a the_o redness_n on_o the_o bill_n be_v as_o it_o be_v plaster_v on_o and_o may_v be_v scrape_v off_o the_o red_a part_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o yellow_a by_o a_o round_a circumference_n a_o little_a elevate_v so_o that_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bill_n it_o be_v produce_v further_a than_o on_o
in_o the_o forepart_n of_o each_o wing_n it_o have_v the_o like_a horn_n or_o spur_n as_o the_o former_a of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n this_o be_v the_o bird_n avis_n cornuta_fw-la of_o nierembergius_n or_o rather_o hernandez_n which_o the_o indian_n say_v he_o call_v yohualcuachili_n or_o caput_fw-la nocturnum_fw-la §._o xiii_o the_o four_o brasilian_n water-hen_n of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o figure_n or_o shape_n with_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v yellow_a it_o have_v a_o red_a skinny_a mitre_n or_o cap_n on_o its_o forehead_n near_o the_o rise_n of_o its_o bill_n it_o have_v also_o process_n extend_v down_o the_o side_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o turkey_n guiny_a hen_n it_o be_v whole_a head_n neck_n breast_n and_o low_a belly_n be_v cover_v with_o black_a feather_n the_o back_n tail_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o wing_n with_o red_a or_o light_v brown_a the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o sea-green_a with_o black_a tip_n but_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o those_o red_n or_o russet_a one_o foremention_v and_o can_v be_v see_v unless_o when_o the_o bird_n fly_v its_o leg_n be_v long_o its_o toe_n also_o long_o each_o have_v swift_a four_o joint_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n each_o wing_n in_o the_o forepart_n have_v a_o very_a sharp_a horn_n or_o spur_n of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n §._o fourteen_o a_o water-hen_n call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n tamatia_n it_o have_v the_o bill_n of_o a_o sparrow-hawk_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o yassana_n asu_fw-la walk_v with_o a_o crooked_a back_o and_o crooked_a neck_n it_o have_v a_o great_a head_n great_a black_a eye_n situate_v near_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o bill_n a_o bill_n two_o inch_n long_o more_o than_o one_o broad_a like_o a_o duck_n indeed_o but_o acuminatum_fw-la sharp_a towards_o the_o tip_n it_o be_v upper_a part_n black_a its_o nether_a yellowish_a the_o upper_a leg_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n and_o of_o a_o good_a length_n it_o have_v in_o each_o foot_n four_o toe_n three_o stand_v forward_o one_o backward_o long_o as_o in_o waterhen_n the_o leg_n and_o toe_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a colour_n the_o tail_n very_o short_a not_o long_a than_o in_o the_o yassana_n it_o be_v head_n be_v cover_v with_o black_a feather_n the_o rest_n of_o its_o body_n with_o brown_a but_o in_o the_o belly_n some_o white_a feather_n be_v intermingle_v chap._n iii_o §._o i._o *_o of_o the_o porphyrio_n or_o purple_a water-hen_n this_o bird_n neither_o gesner_n nor_o aldrovandus_n nor_o we_o true_o have_v hitherto_o see_v but_o picture_n of_o it_o only_o it_o be_v if_o the_o picture_n deceive_v we_o not_o of_o the_o water-hen_n kind_n it_o be_v body_n be_v all_o over_o of_o a_o blue_a colour_n the_o extreme_a half_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v a_o whitish_a ash-colour_n the_o bill_n and_o leg_n of_o a_o shine_a purple_a so_o gesner_n describe_v it_o by_o a_o picture_n send_v he_o from_o montpellier_n aldrovandus_n describe_v it_o otherwise_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o book_n 20._o chap._n 28._o of_o his_o ornithology_n see_v therefore_o the_o picture_n of_o this_o bird_n do_v so_o much_o vary_v and_o none_o of_o those_o who_o have_v compile_v history_n of_o animal_n do_v profess_v themselves_o to_o have_v see_v the_o porphyrio_n we_o do_v sometime_o doubt_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o bird_n in_o nature_n especial_o see_v some_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o ancient_n attribute_v to_o it_o as_o for_o example_n that_o it_o have_v five_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n be_v without_o doubt_n false_a and_o fabulous_a but_o because_o all_o the_o picture_n of_o it_o do_v agree_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o its_o bill_n leg_n and_o foot_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a body_n we_o have_v now_o change_v our_o mind_n and_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o believe_v the_o affirmative_a viz._n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o porphyrio_n as_o they_o picture_n akin_a to_o the_o coat_n or_o waterhen_n let_v other_o who_o have_v the_o hap_n to_o see_v it_o describe_v it_o more_o exact_o and_o so_o remove_v all_o doubt_n and_o scruple_n concern_v this_o matter_n out_o of_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o learned_a and_o curious_a §._o ii_o *_o the_o quachilto_fw-mi or_o american_n porphyrio_n of_o nieremberg_n the_o quachilto_n do_v imitate_v the_o watch_n and_o crowing_n of_o a_o cock_n some_o call_v it_o yacacintli_n late_o at_o night_n and_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n it_o crow_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o cock_n it_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a purple_a colour_n with_o some_o white_a feather_n intermix_v the_o bill_n be_v pale_a at_o the_o beginning_n in_o the_o young_a bird_n the_o bald_a part_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v red_a it_o be_v like_o a_o coot_n its_o leg_n be_v yellow_a incline_v to_o green_a end_v in_o four_o pale-coloured_n toe_n without_o any_o membrane_n the_o eye_n be_v black_a with_o a_o fulvous_a iris_n or_o circle_n about_o the_o pupil_n it_o be_v a_o marsh-bird_n feed_v upon_o fish_n itself_o be_v no_o unpleasant_a or_o ill-tasted_n meat_n chap._n iu._n 16._o aldrovand_v italian_n rail_v this_o rail_n as_o gesner_n describe_v it_o be_v more_o a_o water_n than_o a_o land_n fowl_n and_o at_o mestre_n a_o village_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o venice_n it_o be_v take_v not_o without_o great_a toil_n and_o expense_n viz._n in_o falcon_n or_o other_o hawk_n and_o a_o troup_n of_o servant_n who_o wear_v buskin_n or_o high-shoo_n do_v in_o the_o room_n of_o hunt_a dog_n wade_v up_o and_o down_o the_o shallow_a water_n thereabouts_o and_o put_v up_o those_o bird_n with_o certain_a club_n they_o carry_v shake_v and_o beat_v the_o shrub_n and_o bush_n where_o they_o lie_v that_o so_o they_o may_v afterward_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o falcon_n that_o wait_v for_o they_o this_o be_v a_o very_a note_a bird_n in_o that_o city_n but_o in_o my_o judgement_n much_o inferior_a for_o taste_n both_o to_o a_o thrush_n and_o a_o quail_n aloysius_n mundella_n principal_a physician_n at_o brescia_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o i_o write_v thus_o this_o bird_n differ_v from_o our_o coot_n fulica_fw-la in_o that_o it_o have_v more_o white_a in_o the_o wing_n and_o about_o the_o eye_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v black_a its_o leg_n greenish_a it_o have_v no_o such_o dissect_a or_o scallope_v membrane_n between_o the_o toe_n no_o baldness_n on_o the_o head_n as_o far_o as_o i_o gather_v from_o the_o picture_n what_o bird_n this_o be_v and_o whether_o we_o have_v ever_o see_v it_o be_v so_o brief_o describe_v with_o a_o few_o and_o some_o of_o those_o negative_a note_n we_o can_v certain_o determine_v memb._n ii_o clovenfooted_n fin-toed_n bird_n of_o kin_n to_o the_o waterhen_n §._o i._o the_o coot_n fulica_fw-la it_o weigh_v twenty_o four_o ounce_n from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n be_v sixteen_o inch_n long_o to_o the_o claw_n twenty_o two_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a white_a with_o a_o light_a tincture_n of_o blue_a sharp-pointed_a a_o little_a compress_a or_o narrow_a both_o mandible_n equal_a the_o foot_n bluish_a or_o of_o a_o dusky_a green_a the_o back-toe_n little_a with_o one_o only_a membrane_n adhere_v and_o that_o not_o scallope_v but_o extend_v all_o the_o length_n of_o the_o toe_n the_o inner_a fore-toe_n be_v a_o little_o short_a than_o the_o outer_a all_o the_o toe_n long_o than_o in_o whole-footed_n bird_n about_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v semicircular_a membrane_n appendant_a on_o the_o inner_a toe_n two_o the_o middle_a three_o the_o outer_a four_o these_o circular_a membrane_n be_v big_a and_o more_o distinct_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o toe_n so_o that_o the_o intermediate_v incisure_n or_o nick_n reach_v to_o the_o very_a joint_n this_o may_v be_v thus_o brief_o express_v the_o three_o fore-toe_n have_v lateral_a membrane_n on_o each_o side_n scallope_v the_o inner_a with_o two_o the_o middle_a toe_n with_o three_o and_o the_o outer_a with_o four_o scallop_n from_o the_o bill_n almost_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n arise_v a_o excrescency_n or_o lobe_n of_o flesh_n bare_a of_o feather_n soft_a smooth_a round_a which_o they_o call_v the_o calvity_n baldness_n the_o feather_n about_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v low_a soft_a and_o thick_a the_o colour_n all_o over_o the_o body_n black_a deep_a about_o the_o head_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o thigh_n cover_v with_o feather_n almost_o down_o to_o the_o knee_n just_o beneath_o the_o feather_n be_v a_o ring_n of_o yellow_a about_o the_o leg._n the_o first_o ten_o quil-feather_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a dusky_a or_o black_a colour_n the_o eight_o next_o light_a with_o white_a tip_n the_o last_o or_o next_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a black_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n and_o be_v two_o inch_n long_o the_o liver_n
they_o be_v yellow_a by_o a_o diligent_a search_n we_o can_v find_v no_o nostril_n but_o in_o their_o stead_n a_o furrow_n or_o cranny_n extend_v on_o each_o side_n through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o bill_n if_o one_o view_v they_o attentive_o the_o edge_n of_o both_o mandible_n appear_v serrat_fw-la that_o it_o may_v more_o firm_o hold_v the_o fish_n that_o it_o catch_v it_o have_v four_o fore-toe_n for_o all_o its_o four_o toe_n be_v webed_n together_o and_o stand_v forward_o the_o leg_n be_v feather_v down_o to_o the_o knee_n the_o foot_n and_o leg_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v bare_a black_a the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n be_v broad_a and_o pectinate_v on_o the_o inside_n as_o in_o heron_n the_o plumage_n be_v like_a that_o of_o a_o goose_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o old_a one_o that_o have_v moult_v their_o chicken-feather_n be_v all_o over_o white_a except_v the_o great_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v black_a and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n which_o with_o age_n grow_v yellow_a the_o young_a one_o be_v particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o dark_a brown_a or_o black_a especial_o on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o number_n of_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o thirty_o two_o the_o tail_n be_v white_a about_o seven_o inch_n long_o consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o skin_n be_v very_o full_a stick_v loose_a to_o the_o flesh_n the_o bird_n we_o describe_v be_v take_v alive_a near_o coleshil_n a_o market_n town_n in_o warwickshire_n not_o be_v able_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n of_o his_o wing_n to_o raise_v himself_o from_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o chance_n he_o have_v fall_v down_o the_o blind_a gut_n be_v very_o short_a scarce_o any_o footstep_n remain_v of_o the_o channel_n convey_v the_o yolk_n into_o the_o gut_n in_o the_o bass_n island_n in_o scotland_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o edinburgh_n frith_n and_o no_o where_o else_o that_o i_o know_v of_o in_o brittany_n a_o huge_a number_n of_o these_o bird_n do_v yearly_o breed_v each_o female_a lay_n only_o one_o egg._n upon_o this_o island_n the_o bird_n be_v never_o shoot_v at_o or_o frighten_v be_v so_o confident_a as_o to_o alight_v and_o feed_v their_o young_a one_o close_o by_o you_o they_o feed_v only_o upon_o fish_n yet_o be_v the_o young_a goose_n count_v a_o great_a dainty_a by_o the_o scot_n and_o sell_v very_o dear_a so_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o islet_n make_v no_o small_a profit_n of_o they_o yearly_o they_o come_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o go_v not_o away_o again_o before_o the_o autumn_n whither_o they_o go_v and_o where_o they_o winter_n be_v to_o i_o unknown_a chap._n iii_o the_o cormorant_n corvusaquaticus_n in_o bigness_n it_o be_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o a_o goose_n the_o colour_n on_o the_o upper_a side_n be_v dusky_a shine_v with_o a_o obscure_a tincture_n of_o green_a exact_o like_o that_o of_o a_o shag_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a each_o wing_n have_v about_o thirty_o quil-feather_n the_o extreme_a tip_n whereof_o as_o also_o of_o those_o of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v a_o little_a ash-coloured_a the_o tail_n be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o foot_n be_v a_o hand-breadth_n and_o a_o half_a long_a when_o spread_v end_v in_o a_o round_a circumference_n be_v concave_a on_o the_o underside_n consist_v of_o fourteen_o stiff_a hard_a feather_n not_o be_v in_o any_o part_n cover_v with_o feather_n incumbent_a on_o it_o either_o above_o or_o beneath_o the_o bill_n be_v like_a that_o of_o the_o shag_a three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a hook_a at_o the_o end_n the_o upper_a mandible_a black_a with_o sharp_a edge_n the_o side_n of_o the_o low_a mandible_a compress_v and_o broad_a the_o tongue_n small_a and_o almost_o none_o the_o eye_n situate_v near_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o mouth_n than_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n have_v cinereous_a circle_n round_o the_o pupil_n the_o leg_n be_v strong_a thick_a but_o very_o short_a broad_a and_o flat_a at_o least_o in_o the_o young_a one_o the_o foot_n and_o claw_n black_a cover_v with_o a_o skin_n not_o divide_v into_o perfect_a scale_n but_o cancellate_v it_o have_v four_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n all_o webed_n together_o by_o a_o broad_a black_a membrane_n and_o stand_v forward_o the_o outmost_a the_o long_a the_o rest_n in_o order_n short_a the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n be_v serrate_v on_o the_o inside_n but_o what_o be_v especial_o remarkable_a in_o this_o bird_n wherein_o it_o chief_o differ_v the_o bigness_n except_v from_o the_o shag_a be_v that_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o nether_a chap_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o naked_a yellow_a skin_n or_o membrane_n like_o the_o elks._n it_o be_v stomach_n be_v membranaceous_a but_o its_o upper_a part_n thick_a and_o glandulous_a within_o be_v bone_n of_o fish_n which_o it_o have_v devour_v and_o also_o one_o fish_n entire_a that_o be_v a_o small_a codfish_n also_o many_o little_a long_o blackish_a worm_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o earthworm_n such_o like_a worm_n also_o mr._n willughby_n find_v in_o the_o stomach_n of_o a_o young_a one_o which_o he_o get_v at_o sevenhuys_n in_o holland_n where_o many_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n build_v upon_o tree_n the_o gut_n be_v long_o have_v many_o revolution_n the_o blind_a gut_n very_o small_a the_o liver_n large_a divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n the_o right_a one_o the_o big_a it_o be_v infest_a with_o louse_n of_o a_o pale_a red_a colour_n have_v a_o great_a black_a spot_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o back_n they_o be_v wont_n say_v animal_n jo._n faber_n in_o england_n to_o train_v up_o cormorant_n to_o fish_v when_o they_o carry_v they_o out_o of_o the_o room_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v to_o the_o fish-pool_n they_o hoodwink_a they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o frighten_v by_o the_o way_n when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o river_n they_o take_v off_o their_o hood_n and_o have_v tie_v a_o leather_n thong_n round_o the_o low_a part_n of_o their_o neck_n that_o they_o may_v not_o swallow_v down_o the_o fish_n they_o catch_v they_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o river_n they_o present_o dive_v under_o water_n and_o there_o for_o a_o long_a time_n with_o wonderful_a swiftness_n pursue_v the_o fish_n and_o when_o they_o have_v catch_v they_o they_o arise_v present_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o press_v the_o fish_n light_o with_o their_o bill_n they_o swallow_v they_o till_o each_o bird_n have_v after_o this_o manner_n devour_v five_o or_o six_o fish_n then_o their_o keeper_n call_v they_o to_o the_o fist_n to_o which_o they_o ready_o fly_v and_o little_a by_o little_a one_o after_o another_o vomit_n up_o all_o their_o fish_n a_o little_a bruise_a with_o the_o nip_n they_o give_v they_o with_o their_o bill_n when_o they_o have_v do_v fish_v set_v the_o bird_n on_o some_o high_a place_n they_o lose_v the_o string_n from_o their_o neck_n leave_v the_o passage_n to_o the_o stomach_n free_a and_o open_a and_o for_o their_o 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albellus_fw-la to_o which_o also_o he_o give_v the_o title_n of_o white_a nun._n chap._n iu._n the_o other_o albellus_fw-la of_o aldrovand_n tom_n 3._o p._n 279._o the_o mergus_n major_a cirratus_n of_o gesner_n aldrov_n tom_fw-mi 3._o p._n 276._o we_o may_v call_v it_o with_o the_o german_n the_o white_a nun._n in_o bigness_n it_o come_v near_o to_o a_o widgeon_n weigh_v about_o twenty_o four_o ounce_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n or_o of_o the_o foot_n it_o be_v by_o measure_n eighteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v twenty_o seven_o inch_n broad_a the_o bill_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a or_o near_o two_o inch_n long_o it_o be_v head_n and_o neck_n be_v white_a except_v a_o black_a spot_n under_o the_o crest_n which_o it_o have_v hang_v down_o backward_o from_o behind_o its_o head_n encompass_v the_o crest_n and_o end_v in_o a_o acute_a angle_n below_o and_o another_o on_o each_o side_n 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fulvous_a the_o throat_n white_a on_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o breast_n above_o the_o craw_n there_o be_v see_v as_o it_o be_v a_o collar_n of_o a_o dark_a or_o brown_a colour_n it_o have_v no_o crest_n all_o the_o upper_a side_n except_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n or_o brown_a about_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o wing_n be_v two_o transverse_v white_a line_n in_o other_o particular_n it_o agree_v well_o enough_o with_o the_o male._n it_o have_v a_o great_a gall_n oblong_v testicle_n the_o gut_n have_v many_o revolution_n the_o stomach_n large_a than_o in_o granivorous_a bird_n less_o musculous_a fill_v with_o fish_n in_o the_o bird_n we_o open_v section_n v._o of_o doucker_n or_o loon_n call_v in_o latin_a colymbi_fw-la chap._n i._o of_o doucker_n in_o general_n doucker_n have_v narrow_a straight_o sharp-pointed_a bill_n small_a head_n and_o also_o small_a wing_n their_o leg_n situate_v backward_o near_o the_o tail_n for_o quick_a swim_n and_o easy_o dive_v broad_a 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but_o the_o upper_a edge_n convex_v or_o arcuate_v underneath_o it_o bunch_n out_o into_o a_o angle_n or_o knob_v on_o the_o side_n of_o which_o be_v a_o large_a spot_n of_o red_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o eyelid_n in_o some_o yellow_a in_o some_o perchance_o these_o be_v cock_n of_o a_o red-lead_a colour_n the_o leg_n in_o some_o yellow_a bare_a of_o feather_n for_o some_o space_n above_o the_o knee_n in_o other_o white_a or_o of_o a_o pale_a flesh-colour_n the_o hind-toe_n small_a the_o claw_n black_a the_o inner_a edge_n of_o the_o middle_a claw_n sharp_a it_o be_v head_n neck_n rump_n tail_n and_o whole_a under-side_n white_a it_o be_v back_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o the_o quil-feather_n also_o except_o the_o outmost_a five_o of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o two_o outmost_a quill_n be_v mark_v with_o a_o white_a spot_n near_o the_o tip_n the_o outmost_a with_o a_o great_a the_o inner_a with_o 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small_a and_o scarce_o conspicuous_a the_o upper_a chap_n something_o hook_v or_o bend_v at_o the_o point_n the_o tongue_n cleave_v the_o nostril_n oblong_v the_o eye_n be_v great_a and_o furnish_v with_o membrane_n for_o nictation_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o a_o pale_a hazel-colour_n the_o ear_n of_o a_o mean_a size_n the_o foot_n of_o a_o pale_a green_a the_o claw_n black_a that_o of_o the_o middle_a toe_n sharp_a on_o the_o inner_a side_n the_o back-toe_n very_o small_a yet_o arm_v with_o a_o claw_n the_o membrane_n connect_v the_o toe_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o claw_n the_o head_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v cloud_v with_o brown_a spot_n the_o nether_a part_n white_a the_o back_o ash-coloured_a but_o the_o feather_n cover_v the_o tail_n white_a the_o throat_n and_o whole_a under-side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v as_o white_a as_o snow_n the_o tail_n also_o pure_o white_a the_o shoulder_n and_o upper_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n ash-coloured_a the_o covert_n of_o the_o underside_n white_a in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o thirty_o quil-feather_n the_o first_o of_o which_o at_o the_o tip_n in_o the_o inner_a web_n have_v a_o black_a spot_n and_o on_o the_o outer_a edge_n a_o black_a line_n scarce_o appear_v then_o follow_v a_o white_a bar_n about_o two_o inch_n broad_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n to_o the_o bottom_n be_v black_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o second_o be_v white_a under_o the_o white_a a_o cross_a bar_n of_o black_a half_o a_o inch_n broad_a beneath_o that_o a_o white_a bar_n of_o a_o inch_n breadth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n to_o the_o bottom_n be_v black_a but_o the_o very_a bottom_n ash-coloured_a the_o tip_n also_o of_o the_o three_o be_v white_a from_o the_o tip_n the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o low_a ash-coloured_a the_o three_o next_o have_v also_o white_a tip_n but_o the_o black_a part_n be_v still_o short_a and_o short_a or_o narrow_a and_o narrow_a in_o the_o follow_v than_o the_o forego_n feather_n till_o in_o the_o six_o it_o become_v scarce_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n broad_a all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o quill_n be_v ash-coloured_a with_o white_a tip_n the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n long_o not_o fork_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o liver_n be_v large_a divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n the_o gall_n yellow_a the_o sweetbread_n pancreas_n great_a the_o muscle_n of_o the_o gizzard_n not_o so_o thick_a and_o strong_a as_o in_o granivorous_a bird_n within_o which_o we_o find_v grass_n and_o beetle_n it_o be_v a_o gregarious_a bird_n frequent_v meadow_n and_o the_o bank_n of_o lake_n that_o which_o we_o describe_v we_o shoot_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o bala_n in_o merioneth-shire_n in_o wales_n common_o call_v pimble-mear_a through_o which_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi on_o which_o chester_n be_v build_v run_v and_o they_o say_v mix_v not_o its_o water_n with_o those_o of_o the_o lake_n it_o differ_v from_o the_o herring-gull_a 1._o in_o that_o it_o be_v less_o 2._o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o bill_n from_o bellonius_fw-la his_o ash-coloured_a gull_n 1._o in_o that_o it_o be_v big_a 2._o that_o it_o have_v a_o back-toe_n arm_v with_o a_o claw_n §._o iv._o *_o baltners_n great_a ash-coloured_a sea-mew_a perchance_o our_o pewit_n the_o whole_a body_n at_o least_o on_o the_o upper_a side_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n or_o bluish_a as_o be_v also_o the_o tail_n and_o lesser_a quil-feather_n for_o the_o great_a be_v black_a the_o crown_n or_o top_n of_o the_o head_n be_v black_a with_o a_o obscure_a tincture_n of_o green_a if_o the_o see_v picture_n deceive_v we_o not_o the_o bill_n straight_o of_o a_o red-lead_a colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n black_a the_o wing_n very_o long_o and_o when_o gather_v up_o reach_v beyond_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o length_n of_o the_o bird_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v a_o english_a strasburgh_n yard_n or_o more_o the_o breadth_n from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n extend_v two_o yard_n the_o leg_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v bare_a from_o the_o feather_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n long_o the_o gut_n seven_o quarter_n i_o suspect_v this_o bird_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o cepphus_n of_o turner_n and_o gesner_n that_o be_v our_o pewit_n but_o then_o the_o leg_n be_v paint_v of_o a_o wrong_a colour_n for_o in_o the_o pewit_n they_o be_v red_a so_o be_v also_o the_o tail_n §._o v._o bellonius_fw-la his_o ash-coloured_a gull_n call_v in_o cornwall_n tarrock_n in_o bigness_n it_o exceed_v not_o a_o common_a pigeon_n neither_o be_v it_o much_o different_a in_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o body_n save_v that_o its_o head_n be_v big_a it_o weigh_v seven_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v almost_o sixteen_o inch_n its_o wing_n extend_v be_v by_o measure_n full_a thirty_o six_o inch_n it_o be_v tail_n almost_o five_o inch_n long_o not_o forcipate_v consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o under-side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v all_o pure_o white_a as_o for_o the_o upper_a side_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v white_a save_v that_o at_o the_o ear_n on_o each_o side_n be_v a_o black_a spot_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v black_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n and_o the_o shoulder_n ash-coloured_a the_o tail_n white_a only_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n for_o about_o a_o inch_n black_a yet_o the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n be_v all_o white_a the_o four_o outmost_a quil-feather_n be_v above_o half_a way_n black_a the_o two_o next_o to_o these_o have_v only_o black_a tip_n be_v
kill_v we_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o see_v at_o hand_n it_o be_v of_o the_o big_a of_o this_o kind_n equal_a to_o or_o big_a than_o a_o tame_a duck._n its_o bill_n be_v strong_a big_a and_o short_a than_o in_o other_o great_a gull_n black_a hook_a at_o the_o end_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o skin_n from_o the_o base_a to_o the_o nostril_n as_o in_o land-bird_n of_o prey_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v black_a its_o toe_n arm_v with_o strong_a crooked_a claw_n such_o as_o we_o never_o before_o observe_v in_o any_o whole-footed_n fowl_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o back_n be_v a_o rusty_a cinereous_a or_o brown_a like_o that_o of_o a_o buzzard_n its_o belly_n and_o underside_n pale_a the_o great_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n also_o be_v black_a about_o seven_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o rest_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o feather_n as_o well_o of_o the_o tail_n as_o wing-quil_n be_v white_a the_o length_n of_o the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v no_o more_o than_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o angular_a prominence_z on_o the_o low_a chap_n be_v small_a and_o scarce_o conspicuous_a happen_v to_o read_v over_o the_o description_n of_o hoiers_n skua_n in_o the_o auctarium_fw-la of_o clusius_n his_o exotics_n pag._n 367._o i_o find_v it_o exact_o to_o agree_v with_o we_o so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o doubt_n but_o this_o bird_n be_v the_o skua_n of_o hoier_n clusius_n his_o description_n be_v more_o full_a than_o we_o i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v the_o bird_n send_v i_o by_o hoier_n be_v say_v he_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o great_a gull_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o rump_n nine_o inch_n long_o the_o compass_n of_o its_o body_n measure_v under_o its_o wing_n be_v sixteen_o inch_n the_o neck_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o back_o be_v seven_o inch_n long_o the_o head_n not_o very_o great_a nor_o the_o bill_n flat_a but_o rather_o long_a and_o narrow_a on_o the_o part_n next_o the_o head_n rugged_a and_o rough_a towards_o the_o point_n smooth_a black_a and_o crooked_a almost_o like_o those_o of_o rapacious_a bird_n or_o gull_n not_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o two_o inch_n the_o wing_n be_v almost_o seventeen_o inch_n long_o reach_v something_o further_a than_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o four_o great_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a not_o white_a at_o the_o tip_n as_o hoier_n write_v unless_o perchance_o he_o have_v observe_v that_o mark_n in_o other_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n from_o the_o quill_n or_o naked_a part_n i_o find_v they_o to_o be_v white_a half_a way_n up_o the_o feather_n as_o be_v also_o the_o three_o great_a and_o uppermost_a tail-feather_n below_o where_o they_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o rump_n the_o upper_a part_n be_v black_a as_o in_o the_o quil-feather_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n invest_v the_o body_n they_o be_v of_o a_o colour_n between_o black_a and_o cinereous_a but_o the_o black_a predominant_a and_o do_v near_o resemble_v the_o feather_n of_o a_o bald_a buzzard_n or_o kite_n the_o leg_n be_v place_v backward_o in_o the_o hindmost_a part_n of_o the_o body_n at_o in_o most_o waterfowl_n above_o the_o knee_n they_o be_v very_o short_a below_o the_o knee_n down_o to_o the_o foot_n almost_o three_o inch_n long_o the_o foot_n be_v flat_a have_v three_o toe_n and_o a_o short_a heel_n the_o outmost_a toe_n next_o in_o length_n to_o the_o middlemost_a consist_v of_o four_o joint_n the_o middle_n which_o be_v the_o long_a of_o three_o the_o inmost_a which_o be_v the_o short_a of_o two_o and_o the_o heel_n or_o back-toe_n of_o one_o all_o end_n in_o sharp_a crooked_a claw_n and_o join_v together_o by_o a_o black_a membrane_n or_o cartilege_n to_o the_o very_a claw_n the_o characteristic_a note_n of_o this_o species_n be_v 1._o the_o thickness_n and_o its_o bill_n 2._o the_o uniform_a black_a colour_n of_o its_o tail_n as_o far_o as_o it_o appear_v beyond_o the_o incumbent_a feather_n 3_o the_o bigness_n and_o crookedness_n of_o its_o talon_n hoier_n write_v that_o it_o prey_v not_o only_o upon_o fish_n but_o on_o all_o kind_n of_o small_a bird_n the_o cornish_a gannet_n as_o they_o tell_v we_o do_v constant_o accompany_v the_o shoal_n of_o pilchard_n still_o hover_v over_o they_o in_o the_o air._n it_o pursue_v and_o strike_v at_o these_o fish_n with_o that_o violence_n that_o they_o catch_v it_o with_o a_o strange_a artifice_n they_o fasten_v a_o pilchard_n to_o a_o board_n which_o they_o fix_v a_o little_a under_o water_n the_o gannet_n espy_v the_o pilchard_n cast_v himself_o down_o from_o on_o high_a upon_o it_o with_o that_o vehemence_n that_o he_o strike_v his_o bill_n clear_a through_o the_o board_n and_o dash_v out_o his_o brain_n against_o it_o and_o so_o come_v to_o be_v take_v we_o see_v many_o of_o these_o gannet_n fly_v but_o can_v not_o kill_v one_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o strong_a bird_n long-winged_n and_o fly_v swift_o §._o ii_o *_o aldrovandus_fw-la his_fw-la catarracta_fw-la it_o come_v near_o to_o the_o bird_n last_o describe_v it_o say_v he_o exact_o resemble_v a_o goshawk_n to_o which_o our_o bird_n also_o answer_v very_o well_o both_o in_o bigness_n and_o figure_n and_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n so_o that_o you_o can_v scarce_o distinguish_v they_o for_o on_o the_o upper_a side_n like_o that_o it_o be_v variegated_a with_o brown_a white_a and_o yellow_a mingle_v on_o the_o under_o side_n it_o be_v all_o white_a spot_v with_o brown_a as_o the_o picture_n show_v aristotle_n also_o write_v that_o it_o be_v less_o than_o a_o hawk_n and_o that_o it_o have_v a_o large_a and_o broad_a throat_n or_o gullet_n which_o last_o note_n agree_v exact_o to_o my_o bird_n though_o indeed_o other_o gull_n also_o have_v a_o wide_a throat_n as_o well_o as_o this_o but_o i_o think_v aristotle_n liken_v it_o to_o a_o hawk_n not_o only_o for_o its_o bigness_n but_o because_o it_o be_v alike_o spot_v and_o especial_o because_o it_o prey_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o hawk_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o bill_n for_o the_o bigness_n of_o its_o body_n very_o great_a and_o strong_a sharp-pointed_a also_o and_o the_o upper_a chap_n more_o than_o ordinary_o hook_v it_o be_v a_o inch_n thick_a and_o of_o a_o deep_a black_a the_o neck_n also_o be_v pretty_a long_a the_o head_n lesser_a than_o in_o gull_n the_o wing_n in_o length_n be_v even_o with_o the_o tail_n the_o tail_n be_v a_o palm_n long_o and_o black_a the_o hip_n cover_v with_o feather_n to_o the_o knee_n which_o in_o other_o gull_n be_v not_o so_o but_o bare_a a_o little_a high_o its_o leg_n foot_n and_o intervening_a membrane_n cinereous_a the_o claw_n black_a crooked_a and_o small_a it_o differ_v from_o our_o catarracta_fw-la chief_o 1._o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o body_n 2._o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o foot_n 3._o in_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o claw_n but_o these_o thing_n notwithstanding_o perchance_o it_o may_v be_v the_o same_o for_o aldrovandus_n as_o i_o gather_v from_o his_o word_n take_v his_o description_n from_o a_o picture_n but_o painter_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v very_o exact_a either_o in_o express_v of_o the_o colour_n or_o delineat_v the_o part_n this_o description_n also_o do_v in_o many_o thing_n agree_v to_o that_o gull_n which_o we_o shall_v next_o describe_v under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o cornish_a wagel_n §._o iii_o the_o great_a grey_a gull_n which_o we_o take_v to_o be_v the_o cornish_a wagel_n call_v at_o venice_n martinazzo_n at_o amsterdam_n the_o burgomaster_n of_o groenland_n a_o larus_n albo-cinereus_a torque_fw-la cinereo_fw-la of_o aldrov_n it_o weigh_v twenty_o two_o ounce_n be_v stretch_v out_o in_o length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n twenty_o one_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o one_o its_o breadth_n be_v fifty_o three_o inch_n it_o be_v colour_n as_o well_o in_o the_o low_a as_o upper_a side_n be_v grey_a such_o as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o back_n of_o a_o wild_a duck_n or_o a_o curlew_n be_v mix_v of_o whitish_a and_o brown_a mr._n willughby_n give_v also_o some_o mixture_n of_o ferrugineous_a both_o to_o the_o brown_a and_o to_o the_o ash-colour_n in_o the_o wing_n and_o back_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o back_o be_v black_a in_o the_o middle_n and_o ash-coloured_a about_o the_o edge_n the_o rump-feather_n incumbent_a on_o the_o tail_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n white_a only_o
common_o and_o not_o undeserved_o call_v the_o sea-swallow_n §._o ii_o the_o lesser_a sea-swallow_n larus_n piscator_fw-la of_o gesner_n and_o aldrov_n ein_fw-mi fischerlin_n of_o baltner_n gesner_n describe_v this_o bird_n thus_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v white_a with_o a_o black_a crown_n it_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o ash-coloured_a gull_n with_o a_o black_a head_n like_o the_o sterna_n bill_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o pale_a dusky_a colour_n of_o swift_a flight_n and_o when_o it_o catch_v fish_n plunge_v itself_o into_o the_o water_n which_o the_o ash-coloured_a gull_n do_v not_o leonard_n baltner_n describe_v his_o fischerlin_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v a_o very_a little_a kind_n of_o speurer_n that_o be_v sea-swallow_n even_o less_o than_o a_o blackbird_n it_o have_v long_o ash-coloured_a feather_n bill_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o saffron-colour_n a_o black_a crown_n the_o neither_o side_n of_o the_o body_n all_o white_a in_o like_a manner_n the_o tail_n it_o prey_v upon_o small_a fish_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n its_o gut_n be_v half_a a_o yard_n long_o the_o female_n be_v less_o than_o the_o male_n their_o flesh_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v the_o picture_n represent_v the_o tail_n fork_a and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n black_a the_o great_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n likewise_o black_a it_o differ_v from_o the_o great_a sea-swallow_n chief_o in_o bigness_n and_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n mr._n johnson_n thus_o brief_o describe_v it_o it_o have_v the_o wing_n tail_n and_o swiftness_n of_o a_o swallow_n a_o red_a bill_n a_o black_a crown_n brown_a leg_n a_o fork_a tail_n six_o inch_n long_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o leg_n he_o agree_v with_o gesner_n but_o perchance_o the_o colour_n may_v vary_v with_o age_n or_o differ_v in_o the_o sex_n §._o iii_o the_o scarecrow_n larus_n niger_n gesneri_fw-la 81._o aldrov_n ein_fw-mi brandvogel_n or_o megvogel_n of_o baltner_n this_o small_a gull_n have_v black_a bill_n head_n neck_n breast_n belly_n and_o back_o as_o far_o as_o one_o can_v judge_v by_o the_o picture_n ash-coloured_a wing_n reach_v beyond_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n have_v a_o light_a dash_n of_o red_a about_o strasburgh_n it_o be_v call_v megvogelin_n that_o be_v the_o may-fowl_n because_o say_v baltner_n it_o come_v to_o they_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may._n baltner_n describe_v and_o paint_v it_o under_o the_o title_n of_o brandvogel_a it_o be_v say_v he_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o blackbird_n have_v long_a wing_n small_a and_o short_a leg_n and_o foot_n partly_o cleave_v a_o black_a bill_n of_o which_o colour_n be_v also_o the_o whole_a body_n they_o fly_v in_o flock_n for_o the_o most_o part_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o together_o they_o catch_v gnat_n and_o other_o water-insects_a their_o flesh_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v this_o be_v isuppose_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o mr._n johnson_n say_v they_o in_o the_o north_n call_v the_o scarecrow_n and_o thus_o brief_o describe_v it_o 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fork_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o outmost_a 3⅛_n inch_n long_o the_o middlemost_a two_n and_o a_o half_a the_o outmost_a on_o each_o side_n be_v all_o white_a all_o the_o rest_n ash-coloured_a the_o leg_n be_v bare_a up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o second_o joint_n the_o foot_n small_a of_o a_o red_a black_a colour_n the_o claw_n black_a the_o hind-toe_n little_a the_o middle_a fore-toe_n the_o long_a and_o next_o to_o that_o the_o outmost_a the_o membrane_n connect_v the_o inmost_a and_o middle_a toe_n in_o the_o inmost_a be_v extend_v to_o the_o claw_n in_o the_o middle_a toe_n proceed_v not_o beyond_o the_o first_o joint_n so_o the_o upper_a bone_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v altogether_o free_a and_o loose_a that_o which_o join_v the_o outmost_a and_o middle_a toe_n though_o it_o begin_v in_o both_o from_o the_o very_a claw_n yet_o be_v it_o depress_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o as_o it_o be_v hollow_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n who_o horn_n be_v the_o toe_n the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v thin_v into_o a_o edge_n its_o cry_n be_v hardly_o distinguishable_a from_o that_o of_o the_o sea-swallow_n it_o build_v among_o the_o reed_n and_o lay_v three_o or_o four_o egg_n like_v to_o those_o of_o other_o gull_n of_o a_o sordid_a green_a spot_v with_o black_a compass_v with_o a_o broad_a black_a girdle_n about_o the_o middle_n the_o blind_a gut_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v very_o short_a in_o the_o stomach_n be_v beetle_n maggot_n etc._n etc._n this_o bird_n come_v very_o near_o to_o the_o black_a cloven-footed_a gull_n of_o aldrovand_n but_o its_o tail_n be_v fork_v of_o which_o remarkable_a note_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n which_o sure_o can_v not_o have_v escape_v he_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o bird_n he_o describe_v it_o frequent_v river_n mears_n and_o plash_n of_o water_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n §._o v._o *_o aldrovand_n cloven-footed_a gull_n with_o long_a wing_n this_o bird_n on_o the_o wing_n and_o breast_n be_v all_o ash-coloured_a have_v very_o large_a wing_n exceed_v the_o tail_n three_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n black_a the_o tail_n be_v short_a and_o cinereous_a the_o part_n under_o the_o tail_n white_a the_o toe_n be_v of_o a_o good_a length_n and_o arm_v with_o notable_a claw_n the_o leg_n short_a both_o black_a the_o eye_n very_o black_a as_o be_v the_o whole_a head_n and_o also_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o bill_n beside_o which_o be_v pretty_a long_a and_o a_o little_a crooked_a at_o the_o end_n §._o vi_o *_o the_o other_o cloven-footed_a gull_n of_o aldrovand_n with_o short_a wing_n it_o be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n with_o the_o precedent_n but_o have_v far_o short_a wing_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o much_o long_a tail_n its_o bigness_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o a_o blackbird_n its_o colour_n cinereous_a its_o head_n black_a it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o rump_n be_v nine_o inch_n the_o tail_n be_v a_o full_a palm_n hand-breadth_n long_v the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o bill_n black_a slender_a a_o little_a crooked_a the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n be_v white_a the_o foot_n be_v red_a small_a as_o in_o swallow_n it_o have_v four_o toe_n with_o some_o rudiment_n of_o a_o membrane_n between_o they_o the_o claw_n be_v black_a and_o small_a however_o crooked_a these_o bird_n say_v aldrovand_n because_o they_o do_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o their_o body_n something_o resemble_v swallow_n be_v call_v by_o we_o rondini_n marini_fw-la §._o vii_o mr._n jonson_n small_a cloven-footed_a gull_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o blackbird_n or_o something_o less_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v slender_a straight_o sharp-pointed_a black_a round_a have_v no_o knob_v in_o the_o low_a mandible_a the_o crown_n of_o a_o black_a or_o dark_a red_n the_o side_n and_o under-side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v red_a the_o belly_n and_o whole_a nether_a side_n white_a the_o back_n and_o wing_n brown_a spot_v with_o yellowish_a spot_n in_o the_o wing_n be_v a_o transverse_a white_a line_n in_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o wing_n be_v long_o the_o tail_n short_a the_o toe_n not_o webed_a together_o but_o border_v on_o each_o side_n with_o lateral_a membrane_n scallope_v and_o elegant_o serrate_v whence_o when_o i_o first_o see_v the_o skin_n of_o it_o stuff_v at_o mr._n jonson_n at_o brignal_n in_o yorkshire_n from_o the_o make_v of_o its_o foot_n i_o judge_v to_o be_v of_o the_o coot-kind_n but_o afterward_o be_v inform_v by_o mr._n johnson_n that_o it_o be_v much_o upon_o the_o wing_n have_v sharp_a wing_n and_o cry_v like_o a_o small_a gull_n differ_v also_o in_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o bill_n i_o change_v my_o opinion_n and_o
body_n between_o the_o very_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o windpipe_n enter_v the_o breastbone_n and_o come_v out_o again_o below_o the_o merrithought_n the_o stomach_n be_v very_o fleshy_a and_o furnish_v with_o thick_a muscle_n above_o the_o stomach_n the_o gullet_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o bag_n thick-set_a and_o as_o it_o be_v granulate_v within_o with_o many_o papillary_a glandule_n excern_v a_o kind_n of_o saliva_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o menstruum_fw-la to_o macerate_v the_o meat_n the_o windpipe_n reflect_v in_o form_n of_o a_o trumpet_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o contrive_v and_o form_v by_o nature_n for_o modulate_v the_o voice_n hence_o what_o the_o ancient_n have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n if_o it_o be_v true_a which_o i_o much_o doubt_v seem_v chief_o to_o agree_v to_o this_o bird_n and_o not_o to_o the_o tame_a swan_n for_o my_o part_n those_o story_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n viz._n that_o those_o bird_n at_o other_o time_n but_o especial_o when_o their_o death_n approach_v do_v with_o a_o most_o sweet_a and_o melodious_a modulation_n of_o their_o voice_n sing_v their_o own_o naenia_n or_o funeral_n song_n seem_v to_o i_o always_o very_o unlikely_a and_o fabulous_a and_o to_o have_v be_v therefore_o not_o undeserved_o explode_v by_o scaliger_n and_o other_o howbeit_o aldrovandus_n weigh_v on_o both_o side_n the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o learned_a man_n have_v he_o say_v observe_v they_o to_o be_v equal_a wherefore_o to_o cast_v the_o scale_n and_o establish_v the_o affirmative_a he_o think_v that_o wonderful_a structure_n of_o the_o windpipe_n by_o he_o first_o observe_v be_v of_o weight_n sufficient_a but_o this_o argument_n though_o it_o be_v very_o specious_a and_o plausible_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o conclude_v the_o controversy_n for_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o windpipe_n of_o the_o crane_n the_o like_a ingress_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o breastbone_n and_o reflection_n therein_o or_o a_o more_o remarkable_a one_o yet_o no_o man_n that_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o commend_v the_o crane_n for_o sing_v or_o musical_a modulation_n of_o its_o voice_n but_o if_o you_o ask_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n then_o do_v the_o windpipe_n enter_v into_o the_o breastbone_n and_o be_v in_o that_o manner_n reflect_v there_o i_o must_v ingenuous_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o certain_o and_o full_o know_v yet_o may_v there_o be_v other_o reason_n assign_v thereof_o as_o that_o which_o 19_o aldrovand_n allege_v in_o the_o first_o place_n 1._o that_o whereas_o sometime_o for_o almost_o half_a a_o hour_n space_n the_o swan_n continue_v with_o her_o heel_n up_o and_o her_o head_n under_o water_n seek_v and_o gather_v up_o her_o food_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pool_n or_o river_n she_o swim_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o windpipe_n enclose_v in_o the_o breastbone_n may_v supply_v she_o with_o air_n enough_o to_o serve_v she_o all_o that_o while_n so_o the_o use_n of_o it_o will_v be_v to_o be_v a_o store-house_n of_o air_n for_o the_o advantage_n of_o dive_v and_o continue_v long_o under_o water_n 2._o this_o kind_n of_o structure_n do_v undoubted_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o increase_v the_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o the_o voice_n for_o that_o the_o wild_a swan_n have_v a_o very_a loud_a and_o shrill_a cry_n and_o which_o may_v be_v hear_v a_o long_a way_n off_o the_o english_a name_n hooper_n impose_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o suppose_v from_o its_o hoop_n and_o hollow_v noise_n do_v import_v hence_o it_o appear_v how_o uncertain_a and_o fallacious_a a_o way_n of_o argue_v it_o be_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o though_o nature_n god_n ordinary_a minister_n always_o act_n for_o some_o end_n yet_o what_o that_o be_v we_o be_v often_o ignorant_a and_o it_o do_v not_o rare_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v far_o different_a from_o what_o we_o fancy_n nay_o we_o may_v be_v deceive_v when_o we_o think_v we_o be_v most_o sure_a and_o imagine_v it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o we_o have_v presume_v wherefore_o i_o make_v more_o account_n of_o the_o testimony_n he_o allege_v as_o of_o frederick_n pendasius_fw-la that_o affirm_v he_o have_v often_o hear_v swan_n sing_v sweet_o in_o the_o lake_n of_o mantua_n as_o he_o be_v row_v up_o and_o down_o in_o a_o boat_n but_o as_o for_o the_o testimony_n of_o george_n braun_n concern_v flock_n of_o swan_n in_o the_o sea_n near_o london_n meeting_n and_o as_o it_o be_v welcome_v the_o fleet_n of_o ship_n return_v home_o with_o loud_a and_o cheerful_a sing_n be_v without_o doubt_n most_o false_a we_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n 13._o olaus_n wormius_n of_o late_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o aldrovand_n and_o the_o report_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o some_o of_o his_o familiar_n and_o scholar_n who_o profess_v themselves_o to_o have_v hear_v their_o music_n there_o be_v say_v he_o in_o my_o family_n a_o very_a honest_a young_a man_n one_o mr._n john_n rostorph_n student_n in_o divinity_n a_o norwegian_a by_o nation_n this_o man_n do_v upon_o his_o credit_n and_o with_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o oath_n solemn_o affirm_v that_o himself_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o dronten_a do_v once_o by_o the_o seashore_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n hear_v a_o unusual_a and_o most_o sweet_a murmur_v compose_v of_o most_o pleasant_a whistling_n and_o sound_n which_o when_o as_o he_o know_v not_o whence_o it_o come_v or_o how_o it_o be_v make_v for_o that_o he_o see_v no_o man_n near_o which_o may_v be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o look_v round_o about_o he_o and_o climb_v up_o the_o top_n of_o a_o certain_a promontory_n he_o espy_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o swan_n gather_v together_o in_o a_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o hand_n make_v that_o harmony_n a_o sweet_a than_o which_o in_o all_o his_o life_n time_n he_o have_v never_o hear_v by_o some_o islander_n my_o scholar_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o nothing_o be_v more_o frequent_a with_o they_o than_o this_o harmony_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v swan_n this_o i_o therefore_o allege_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o report_n of_o those_o famous_a ancient_a author_n concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n be_v not_o altogether_o vain_a but_o attest_v and_o prove_v by_o modern_a experiment_n thus_o far_o wormius_n let_v the_o reader_n judge_v whether_o his_o witness_n be_v sufficient_a this_o bird_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v describe_v by_o any_o author_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o goose_n §._o i._o of_o the_o tame_a goose_n it_o be_v less_o than_o a_o swan_n big_a than_o a_o duck_n weigh_v sometime_o when_o fat_v ten_o pound_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n in_o that_o we_o measure_v be_v thirty_o five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n thirty_o seven_o and_o a_o half_a the_o wing_n extend_v be_v sixty_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a over_o the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o set_n on_o of_o the_o wing_n seventeen_o inch_n the_o bill_n itself_o from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v two_o inch_n three_o quarter_n long_o to_o the_o eye_n three_o and_o a_o half_a the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a compound_v of_o eighteen_o feather_n the_o outmost_a the_o short_a the_o rest_n by_o degree_n long_o to_o the_o middlemost_a which_o be_v the_o long_a the_o colour_n in_o these_o as_o in_o other_o tame_a bird_n be_v various_a in_o some_o brown_a in_o some_o grey_a in_o some_o white_a in_o some_o flecked_a or_o particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o brown_a the_o bill_n and_o leg_n in_o young_a one_o be_v yellow_a in_o old_a one_o for_o the_o most_o part_n red_a the_o bill_n be_v thick_a at_o the_o head_n and_o slenderer_n by_o degree_n to_o the_o point_n each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o seven_o quill_n or_o feather_n in_o the_o first_o row_n when_o it_o be_v angry_a it_o hiss_v like_o a_o serpent_n it_o be_v very_o long-lived_a a_o certain_a friend_n of_o we_o of_o undoubted_a fidelity_n tell_v we_o that_o his_o father_n have_v once_o a_o goose_n that_o be_v know_v to_o be_v eighty_o year_n old_a which_o for_o aught_o he_o know_v may_v have_v live_v the_o other_o eighty_o year_n have_v he_o not_o be_v constrain_v to_o kill_v it_o for_o its_o mischievousness_n in_o beat_v and_o destroy_v the_o young_a goose_n but_o of_o the_o goose_n a_o bird_n so_o well_o know_v in_o all_o nation_n more_o than_o enough_o §._o ii_o the_o common_a wild_a goose_n anser_n ferus_fw-la in_o bigness_n it_o equal_v a_o tame_a goose_n be_v for_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o
body_n very_o like_o it_o and_o not_o much_o different_a in_o colour_n it_o be_v head_n neck_n back_o general_o its_o whole_a upper_a side_n except_v the_o feather_n incumbent_a on_o the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a grey_a or_o brown_a yet_o the_o uppermost_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v pale_a the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o row_n of_o wing_n feather_n and_o likewise_o the_o scapular_a one_o have_v white_a edge_n about_o their_o tip_n the_o feather_n also_o next_o the_o tail_n be_v pure_o white_a the_o quill_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v twenty_o seven_o in_o number_n of_o a_o dark_a brown_a almost_o black_a the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n long_o compose_v of_o eighteen_o black_a feather_n have_v their_o tip_n and_o exterior_a edge_n white_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o body_n be_v a_o light_n grey_a by_o degree_n light_a from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o tail_n whereunder_o it_o be_v perfect_o white_a the_o bill_n be_v more_o than_o two_o inch_n long_o from_o the_o head_n almost_o half_a way_n black_a then_o of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n the_o tip_n again_o be_v black_a the_o upper_a mandible_a all_o along_o be_v tooth_v or_o indent_v with_o many_o row_n of_o small_a tooth_n the_o nether_a only_o with_o one_o row_n on_o each_o side_n the_o tongue_n also_o have_v on_o either_o side_n a_o row_n of_o tooth_n in_o its_o border_a membrane_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n its_o claw_n black_a or_o livid_n under_o each_o eye_n be_v a_o whitish_a line_n that_o we_o describe_v weigh_v seven_o pound_n and_o a_o quarter_n §._o iii_o the_o bernacle_n or_o clakis_n bernicla_fw-la seu_fw-la bernacla_fw-la it_o be_v lesser_a than_o a_o tame_a goose_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n or_o tail_n for_o they_o be_v equal_o extend_v be_v thirty_o one_o inch_n it_o be_v bill_n black_a much_o lesser_a and_o short_a than_o a_o goose_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n 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another_o make_v a_o very_a fair_a show_n the_o hind-toe_n be_v very_o small_a it_o frequent_v the_o seacoast_n of_o lancashire_n in_o the_o wintertime_n this_o be_v the_o bird_n which_o bellonius_fw-la describe_v under_o the_o title_n of_o cravant_n or_o oye_n nonnette_n which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v the_o chenalopex_n of_o the_o ancient_n see_v bellonius_fw-la his_o description_n in_o 166._o aldrovand_n which_o agree_v exact_o to_o this_o bird_n we_o have_v sometime_o think_v the_o bernacle_n and_o brent-goose_n to_o differ_v only_o in_o sex_n not_o in_o kind_a species_n but_o afterward_o more_o diligent_o consider_v and_o compare_v both_o their_o case_n we_o change_v our_o opinion_n for_o there_o be_v remarkable_a note_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v as_o will_v easy_o appear_v to_o whosoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o compare_v their_o description_n for_o in_o this_o the_o chin_n and_o cheek_n be_v white_a in_o that_o the_o whole_a head_n and_o neck_n black_a save_v only_o a_o black_a line_n on_o each_o side_n the_o neck_n which_o in_o the_o bernacle_n be_v want_v beside_o the_o bernacle_n seem_v to_o we_o big_a and_o much_o fair_a for_o those_o cinereous_a and_o black_a colour_n alternate_o dispose_v in_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o back_n and_o wing_n make_v a_o very_a lovely_a show_n this_o also_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o brenta_n or_o bernicla_n of_o gesner_n although_o his_o description_n be_v not_o very_o exact_a perchance_o also_o the_o baumgansz_n or_o tree-goose_n of_o gesner_n may_v be_v the_o same_o although_o he_o make_v they_o different_a bird_n for_o the_o description_n of_o this_o he_o take_v from_o a_o picture_n as_o it_o seem_v not_o exact_o draw_v unless_o his_o baumgansz_n be_v the_o same_o with_o baltner_n i._n e._n the_o brenta_n next_o to_o be_v describe_v what_o be_v report_v concern_v the_o rise_n and_o original_n of_o these_o bird_n to_o wit_n that_o they_o be_v breed_v of_o rot_a wood_n for_o instance_n of_o the_o mast_n rib_n and_o plank_n of_o break_a ship_n half_o putrify_v and_o corrupt_v or_o of_o certain_a palm_n of_o tree_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o last_o of_o a_o kind_n of_o sea-shel_n the_o figure_n whereof_o lobel_n gerard_n and_o other_o have_v set_v forth_o may_v be_v see_v in_o aldrovand_n sennertus_n in_o his_o hypomnemata_fw-la michael_n meyerus_n who_o have_v write_v a_o entire_a book_n concern_v the_o tree-fowl_n and_o many_o other_o but_o that_o all_o these_o story_n be_v false_a and_o fabulous_a i_o be_o confident_o persuade_v neither_o do_v there_o want_v sufficient_a argument_n to_o induce_v the_o lover_n of_o truth_n to_o be_v of_o our_o opinion_n and_o to_o convince_v the_o gainsayer_n for_o in_o the_o whole_a genus_fw-la of_o bird_n except_v the_o phoenix_n who_o repute_a original_a be_v without_o doubt_n fabulous_a there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o example_n of_o equivocal_a or_o spontaneous_a generation_n among_o other_o animal_n indeed_o the_o lesser_a and_o more_o imperfect_a as_o for_o example_n many_o infect_v and_o frog_n be_v common_o think_v either_o to_o be_v of_o spontaneous_a original_n or_o to_o come_v of_o different_a seed_n and_o principle_n but_o the_o great_a animal_n and_o perfect_a in_o their_o kind_n such_o as_o be_v among_o bird_n the_o goose_n no_o philosopher_n will_v ever_o admit_v to_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n produce_v second_o those_o shell_n in_o which_o they_o affirm_v these_o bird_n to_o be_v breed_v and_o to_o come_v forth_o by_o a_o strange_a metamorphosis_n do_v most_o certain_o contain_v a_o animal_n of_o their_o own_o kind_n and_o not_o transmutable_a into_o any_o other_o thing_n concern_v which_o the_o reader_n may_v please_v to_o consult_v that_o curious_a naturalist_n fabius_n columna_fw-la these_o shell_n we_o ourselves_o have_v see_v once_o at_o venice_n grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n to_o the_o keel_n of_o a_o old_a ship_n a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n grow_v to_o the_o back_n of_o a_o tortoise_n we_o take_v between_o sicily_n and_o malta_n columna_fw-la make_v this_o shellfish_n to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o balanus_n marinus_fw-la three_o that_o these_o goose_n do_v lay_v egg_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o bird_n sit_v on_o they_o and_o hatch_v their_o young_a the_o hollander_n in_o their_o northern_a voyage_n affirm_v themselves_o to_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n §._o iv._o the_o brent-goose_n brenta_n it_o be_v a_o little_o big_a than_o a_o duck_n and_o longer-bodied_n the_o head_n neck_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v black_a but_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n on_o each_o side_n be_v a_o small_a spot_n or_o line_n of_o white_a which_o together_o appear_v like_o a_o ring_n of_o white_a the_o back_n be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o common_a goose_n that_o be_v a_o dark_a grey_a towards_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v dark_a colour_v but_o those_o feather_n which_o be_v next_o and_o immediate_a to_o the_o tail_n be_v white_a the_o low_a belly_n be_v white_a the_o breast_n of_o a_o dark_a grey_a the_o tail_n and_o great_a quill_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a the_o lesser_a of_o a_o dark_a grey_a the_o bill_n be_v small_a black_a a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a thick_a at_o the_o head_n slenderer_n towards_o the_o tip_n the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o nostril_n great_a the_o foot_n black_a have_v the_o back-toe_n the_o length_n of_o the_o bird_n from_o bill_n to_o tail_n be_v twenty_o inch_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o brant-goose_n differ_v specifical_o from_o the_o bernacle_n however_o writer_n of_o the_o history_n of_o bird_n confound_v they_o and_o make_v these_o word_n synonymous_n we_o have_v see_v both_o alive_a among_o his_o majesty_n wildfowl_n keep_v in_o st._n james_n park_n the_o case_n of_o the_o brent-goose_n stuff_v we_o have_v see_v with_o
not_o exceed_v two_o inch_n make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o a_o dark_a grey_a the_o outmost_a the_o short_a the_o rest_n gradual_o long_o to_o the_o middlemost_a yet_o the_o excess_n be_v not_o considerable_a so_o that_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o those_o that_o have_v sharp_a tail_n the_o quill_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o five_o all_o of_o one_o colour_n viz._n a_o dark_a cinereous_a though_o if_o they_o be_v careful_o heed_v there_o will_v appear_v some_o diversity_n for_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o exterior_a and_o great_a feather_n be_v mark_v with_o black_a of_o the_o middle_a one_o with_o white_a the_o interior_a bastard-wing_n and_o lesser_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o bill_n be_v big_a and_o broad_a than_o in_o the_o widgeon_n the_o feather_n divide_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o upper_a mandible_a come_v down_o from_o the_o forehead_n in_o form_n of_o a_o peak_n or_o acute_a 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covert_n of_o the_o wing_n have_v no_o such_o transverse_n wave_v line_n as_o those_o of_o the_o male._n in_o other_o point_v it_o agree_v mostwhat_o with_o the_o male._n §._o xii_o the_o lesser_a redheaded_a duck_n perchance_o the_o anas_n filigula_n altera_fw-la of_o gesner_n aldrov_n p._n 227._o the_o glaucium_fw-la or_o morillon_n of_o bellonius_fw-la capo_n rosso_fw-it at_o venice_n it_o be_v big_a than_o a_o teal_n and_o something_o less_o than_o a_o widgeon_n it_o be_v bill_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a of_o a_o moderate_a breadth_n of_o a_o dark_a blue_a colour_n pale_a about_o the_o edge_n and_o towards_o the_o tip_n the_o very_a tip_n or_o nail_n be_v round_o and_o black_a the_o nostril_n small_a long_o situate_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bill_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o cream_n or_o ivory_n colour_n the_o head_n be_v pretty_a great_a all_z over_z red_z but_o in_o the_o very_a angle_n of_o the_o low_a mandible_a be_v a_o small_a 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the_o breast_n and_o the_o upper_a belly_n be_v white_a the_o low_a to_o the_o vent_v dusky_a or_o dark_a grey_a the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n be_v white_a those_o long_a one_o on_o the_o thigh_n red_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n black_a especial_o the_o joint_n and_o membrane_n connect_v the_o toe_n the_o back-toe_n have_v a_o broad_a appendant_a membrane_n or_o sin_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o windpipe_n have_v a_o labyrinth_n at_o the_o divarication_n and_o beside_o above_o swell_v out_o into_o a_o puff-like_a cavity_n the_o stomach_n be_v musculous_a these_o bird_n vary_v something_o in_o the_o colour_n especial_o of_o their_o wing_n a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n weigh_v twenty_o one_o ounce_n be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n seventeen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n between_o the_o extreme_n of_o the_o wing_n expanded_a twenty_o six_o and_o three_o quarter_n the_o length_n of_o the_o gut_n forty_o two_o inch_n the_o description_n of_o the_o anas_n fuligula_fw-la altera_fw-la of_o gesner_n in_o 227._o aldrovand_n agree_v well_o to_o this_o bird_n so_o do_v also_o the_o description_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o morillous_a or_o glaucium_fw-la of_o bellonius_fw-la especial_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o eye_n but_o because_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n we_o will_v subjoin_v his_o description_n that_o the_o reader_n himself_o may_v judge_v the_o glaucium_fw-la or_o morillon_n of_o bellonius_fw-la there_o be_v say_v he_o also_o another_o waterfowl_n call_v in_o our_o common_a speech_n morillon_n very_o like_a to_o a_o duck_n and_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n have_v its_o bill_n cut_v in_o the_o edge_n like_o a_o saw_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n red_a on_o the_o inside_n dusky_a on_o the_o out_o it_o be_v whole_a head_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o deep_a ferrugineous_a below_o the_o ferrugineous_a a_o whitish_a circle_n encompass_v the_o neck_n the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o belly_n white_a the_o back_n and_o wing_n black_a but_o in_o these_o if_o they_o be_v stretch_v out_o appear_v seven_o white_a feather_n which_o render_v the_o wing_n particoloured_a as_o in_o a_o pie_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o also_o the_o tail_n resemble_v that_o of_o a_o aquaticus_fw-la cormorant_n be_v black_a get_v its_o food_n for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o the_o water_n it_o live_v upon_o little_a vermin_n and_o creep_a thing_n which_o it_o find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n dive_v also_o and_o continue_v long_o under_o water_n it_o catch_v small_a fish_n and_o water_n millepedes_n or_o louse_n which_o the_o french_a call_n les_fw-fr escrovelles_fw-fr it_o feed_v also_o upon_o the_o seed_n of_o herb_n which_o grow_v on_o river-bank_n and_o upon_o young_a crayfish_n and_o snail_n it_o have_v a_o tongue_n so_o fleshy_a that_o near_o the_o root_n it_o seem_v double_a a_o broad_a breast_n like_o the_o rest_n of_o 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may_v be_v from_o the_o view_n of_o the_o bird_n as_o if_o near_o a_o barn-door_n by_o cast_v chaff_n upon_o it_o etc._n etc._n observe_v also_o first_o to_o have_v some_o covert_n to_o hide_v your_o person_n in_o where_o you_o may_v see_v and_o not_o be_v see_v second_o not_o to_o be_v too_o hasty_a in_o strike_v but_o stay_v till_o you_o have_v a_o full_a number_n under_o the_o reach_n of_o your_o net_n and_o then_o pull_v free_o and_o quick_o §._o ii_o of_o take_v bird_n with_o day-net_n the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n for_o these_o net_n be_v from_o august_n till_o november_n of_o the_o day_n a_o little_a before_o sun-rise_n so_o as_o your_o net_n may_v be_v lay_v and_o all_o your_o implement_n in_o readiness_n to_o begin_v your_o work_n by_o peep_n of_o sun_n the_o mild_a the_o air_n and_o the_o clear_a and_o bright_a the_o morning_n the_o fit_a be_v the_o season_n for_o this_o exercise_n the_o best_a place_n be_v in_o champain_n country_n remote_a from_o any_o town_n village_n 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i._o save_v that_o that_o be_v to_o be_v but_o one_o single_a net_n but_o here_o you_o must_v have_v two_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o size_n and_o fashion_n and_o place_v at_o that_o distance_n that_o when_o they_o be_v draw_v the_o side_n may_v just_o meet_v and_o touch_v one_o another_o your_o net_n be_v stake_v down_o with_o strong_a stake_n so_o that_o with_o any_o nimble_a twitch_n you_o may_v cast_v they_o to_o and_o fro_o at_o pleasure_n some_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o pace_n from_o the_o net_n place_v your_o giggs_n on_o the_o top_n of_o long_a pole_n turn_v into_o the_o wind_n so_o as_o they_o may_v play_v and_o make_v a_o noise_n therein_o these_o giggs_n be_v make_v of_o long_a goose-feather_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o shuttlecock_n and_o with_o little_a turnel_n of_o wood_n run_v in_o broad_a and_o flat_a swan-quill_n make_v round_o like_o a_o small_a hoop_n and_o so_o with_o long_a string_n fasten_v to_o the_o pole_n will_v with_o any_o small_a wind_n twirl_n and_o flicker_n in_o the_o air_n after_o such_o a_o wanton_a manner_n that_o the_o bird_n will_v come_v in_o great_a flock_n to_o wonder_n and_o play_v about_o the_o same_o after_o the_o place_n of_o your_o giggs_n you_o shall_v then_o place_v your_o stale_a which_o be_v a_o small_a stake_n of_o wood_n to_o prick_v down_o fast_o in_o the_o earth_n have_v in_o it_o a_o morteise_n hole_n in_o which_o a_o long_a slender_a piece_n of_o wood_n of_o about_o two_o foot_n be_v so_o fasten_v that_o it_o may_v move_v up_o and_o down_o at_o pleasure_n and_o to_o this_o long_o stick_v you_o shall_v fasten_v a_o small_a line_n which_o run_v through_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o stake_n aforesaid_a and_o so_o come_v up_o to_o the_o place_n where_o you_o sit_v you_o may_v by_o draw_v the_o line_n up_o and_o down_o to_o you_o with_o your_o right_a hand_n raise_v and_o mount_v the_o long_o stick_v from_o the_o ground_n as_o oft_o as_o you_o shall_v find_v occasion_n now_o to_o this_o long_o stick_v you_o shall_v fasten_v 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five_o finger_n deep_a at_o the_o least_o into_o this_o hollowness_n be_v place_v a_o threesquare_a piece_n of_o wood_n about_o twelve_o inch_n long_o and_o each_o square_a two_o inch_n broad_a lie_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stake_n and_o go_v with_o a_o foot_n into_o the_o hollowness_n which_o foot_n must_v have_v a_o great_a knob_v at_o the_o top_n and_o another_o at_o the_o bottom_n with_o a_o deep_a slenderness_n between_o they_o to_o which_o slenderness_n must_v be_v fasten_v a_o small_a packthread_n which_o run_v through_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o stake_n must_v come_v up_o to_o the_o seat_n where_o you_o sit_v now_o the_o threesquare_a piece_n of_o wood_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stake_n must_v be_v make_v of_o such_o a_o true_a poise_n and_o evenness_n and_o the_o foot_n in_o the_o socket_n so_o round_o and_o smooth_a that_o upon_o the_o least_o touch_n it_o will_v twirl_n and_o turn_v round_o like_o a_o scoperil_n wind_v the_o packthread_n so_o many_o time_n about_o it_o which_o be_v sudden_o draw_v and_o as_o sudden_o let_v go_v again_o will_v keep_v the_o engine_n in_o a_o perpetual_a round_a motion_n like_o a_o child_n mill_n make_v of_o a_o nut_n a_o stick_n and_o a_o apple_n this_o do_v you_o shall_v with_o glue_n or_o other_o strong_a cement_n fasten_v upon_o the_o uppermost_a square_n of_o the_o threesquare_a piece_n about_o twenty_o small_a piece_n of_o looking-glass_n and_o paint_v all_o the_o sparewood_n between_o they_o of_o a_o very_a bright_a red_a colour_n which_o in_o the_o continual_a motion_n and_o turn_v about_o will_v give_v such_o a_o glorious_a reflection_n that_o the_o wanton_a bird_n can_v forbear_v but_o will_v play_v about_o it_o with_o admiration_n till_o they_o be_v take_v now_o both_o these_o stale_n be_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a midst_n between_o the_o two_o net_n and_o about_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o in_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o net_n the_o cord_n may_v by_o no_o mean_n touch_v or_o annoy_v they_o neither_o must_v they_o stand_v one_o before_o or_o after_o another_o but_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n one_o over_o against_o another_o the_o glass_n be_v keep_v continual_o move_v and_o the_o bird_n very_o oft_o flicker_a when_o you_o have_v thus_o place_v your_o net_n giggs_n and_o stale_n you_o shall_v then_o go_v to_o the_o further_a end_n of_o your_o long_a draw_v line_n and_o stale-line_n and_o have_v a_o little_a hassock_n make_v of_o sedge_n about_o a_o foot_n or_o better_v high_a you_o shall_v place_v it_o within_o a_o yard_n or_o little_a more_o of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o and_o then_o sit_v down_o upon_o the_o hassock_n lie_v the_o main_a draw_v line_n with_o a_o strong_a button_n of_o wood_n make_v fast_o in_o the_o same_o upon_o your_o thigh_n and_o with_o your_o right_a hand_n continual_o draw_v the_o grass-line_n and_o with_o your_o leave_v the_o stale-line_n and_o when_o you_o shall_v perceive_v the_o lark_n or_o other_o bird_n to_o play_v near_o and_o about_o your_o net_n and_o stale_n swoop_a near_a and_o to_o the_o ground_n you_o shall_v then_o with_o both_o hand_n pull_v the_o net_n over_o and_o cover_v and_o take_v your_o prey_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v good_a be_v not_o too_o hasty_a to_o pluck_v at_o a_o single_a bird_n but_o stay_v till_o you_o see_v many_o play_v about_o your_o net_n behind_o the_o seat_n you_o sit_v on_o lay_v your_o spare_a instrument_n and_o implement_n which_o you_o be_v to_o use_v about_o the_o whole_a work_n as_o spare-stake_n pole_n line_n packthread_n knitting-pin_n and_o needle_n your_o bag_n with_o stale_n a_o mallet_n to_o knock_v
one_o bird_n their_o fear_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o argue_v or_o dispute_v the_o object_n or_o stay_v till_o everyone_o have_v behold_v the_o thing_n sudden_o affright_v they_o but_o away_o they_o all_o fly_v at_o the_o very_a first_o apprehension_n in_o a_o instant_n and_o therefore_o if_o you_o find_v any_o stagger_a or_o dismay_n among_o they_o present_o cease_v and_o lie_v still_o as_o though_o you_o be_v dead_a till_o the_o fear_n be_v over_o and_o they_o gaze_v no_o more_o about_o they_o but_o gather_v themselves_o together_o do_v begin_v to_o peep_v and_o cluck_v one_o to_o another_o and_o rejoice_v among_o themselves_o and_o then_o you_o may_v fall_v to_o your_o work_n again_o §._o iii_o of_o take_v pheasant_n with_o the_o limebush_n or_o lime-rod_n your_o rod_n must_v be_v twelve_o or_o at_o least_o ten_o inch_n long_o well_o lime_v down_o to_o the_o middle_n and_o no_o further_o your_o limebush_n must_v contain_v not_o above_o eight_o twig_n at_o most_o be_v the_o top-branch_n of_o some_o young_a willow_n with_o a_o handle_n about_o a_o shaftment_n long_o sharpen_v so_o as_o either_o you_o may_v stick_v it_o gentle_o into_o the_o ground_n or_o prick_v it_o into_o any_o shrub_n or_o bush_n wherethrough_a the_o peasant_n usual_o trace_v or_o on_o any_o small_a tree_n where_o they_o use_v to_o perch_n place_v two_o or_o three_o of_o these_o bush_n there_o then_o make_v use_v of_o your_o call_n and_o you_o will_v quick_o have_v all_o the_o pheasant_n within_o hear_v about_o you_o and_o it_o be_v a_o chance_n but_o some_o of_o they_o will_v be_v touch_v and_o if_o but_o one_o be_v lime_v she_o will_v go_v near_o to_o lime_n all_o her_o fellow_n for_o what_o by_o she_o struggle_v among_o they_o and_o they_o come_v to_o gaze_v some_o will_v be_v smear_v by_o she_o and_o some_o will_v light_v on_o other_o bush_n and_o if_o some_o one_o or_o two_o escape_n by_o mount_v and_o get_v to_o the_o perch_n and_o there_o as_o be_v the_o natural_a quality_n of_o 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carry_v and_o neither_o break_v nor_o bruise_v flesh_n nor_o feather_n to_o hunt_v out_o and_o bring_v you_o all_o the_o bird_n that_o shall_v so_o lie_v hide_v the_o lime-rod_n may_v be_v place_v not_o only_o upon_o bush_n and_o shrub_n by_o pheasant_n track_n but_o also_o upon_o the_o ground_n in_o open_a place_n between_o thick_n in_o such_o order_n as_o be_v direct_v above_o neither_o too_o thick_a and_o apparent_a so_o as_o to_o breed_v affright_n nor_o so_o thin_a as_o to_o let_v any_o escape_n leave_v about_o the_o length_n of_o a_o rod_n or_o less_o between_o lime-rod_n and_o lime-rod_n the_o season_n for_o use_v of_o lime_n be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o may_n for_o during_o that_o time_n the_o twig_n of_o tree_n on_o which_o bird_n perch_n be_v void_a of_o leaf_n and_o like_a to_o lime-twig_n the_o time_n for_o the_o use_n of_o net_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n of_o may_n till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o october_n during_o which_o time_n the_o tree_n be_v cover_v with_o leaf_n the_o pheasant-net_n will_v be_v make_v of_o the_o best_a twine_v double_a housewife_n thread_n die_v green_a or_o blue_a the_o mash_n almost_o a_o inch_n between_o knot_n and_o knot_n it_o will_v be_v in_o length_n at_o least_o three_o fathom_n in_o breadth_n seven_o foot_n or_o better_o verge_v on_o each_o side_n with_o a_o strong_a small_a cord_n and_o as_o it_o be_v surfle_v thereon_o the_o net_n be_v place_v not_o straight_o but_o thick_a and_o large_a that_o at_o any_o time_n when_o it_o be_v extend_v it_o may_v lie_v compass-wise_a and_o hollow_a the_o two_o end_n likewise_o shall_v be_v verge_v with_o small_a cord_n yet_o that_o more_o for_o strength_n than_o any_o particular_a use_n the_o great_a net_n which_o some_o use_n be_v cumbersome_a and_o hardly_o manageable_a and_o therefore_o if_o occasion_n be_v it_o be_v better_o take_v and_o use_v a_o couple_n of_o ordinary_a size_n chap._n vii_o §._o i._o how_o to_o make_v the_o best_a birdlime_n according_a to_o g._n markham_n take_v at_o midsummer_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o holly_n so_o much_o as_o to_o fill_v a_o reasonable_a big_a vessel_n and_o boil_v it_o in_o run_a water_n till_o the_o grey_a and_o white_a bark_n rise_v from_o the_o green_a which_o will_v take_v up_o a_o whole_a day_n or_o better_a then_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o after_o the_o water_n be_v very_o well_o drain_v separate_v from_o it_o the_o bark_n take_v all_o the_o green_a and_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o ground_n in_o a_o close_a place_n and_o on_o a_o moist_a floor_n as_o in_o some_o low_a vault_n or_o cellar_n and_o cover_v it_o allover_n a_o good_a thickness_n with_o dock_n hemlock_n thistle_n and_o the_o like_a green_a weed_n or_o else_o make_v it_o up_o in_o a_o heap_n with_o fern_n saint_n s_o s_o that_o be_v first_o a_o layer_n or_o bed_n of_o fern_n than_o a_o layer_n of_o bark_n than_o a_o layer_n of_o fern_n again_o and_o so_o on_o interchangeable_o and_o so_o let_v it_o lie_v for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o day_n in_o which_o time_n it_o will_v rot_v and_o turn_v to_o a_o slimy_a matter_n then_o pound_n it_o in_o a_o large_a mortar_n till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v one_o uniform_a substance_n or_o paste_n that_o may_v be_v wrought_v with_o the_o hand_n like_o dough_n without_o discern_v any_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n or_o other_o substance_n which_o do_v take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o mortar_n and_o carry_v it_o to_o a_o swift_a run_a stream_n and_o there_o wash_v it_o exceed_o not_o leave_v any_o mote_n or_o filth_n in_o it_o then_o put_v it_o up_o in_o a_o close_a earthen_a pot_n and_o let_v it_o stand_v and_o purge_v for_o divers_a day_n together_o three_o or_o four_o at_o least_o not_o omit_v to_o scum_n it_o as_o any_o foulness_n arise_v and_o when_o no_o more_o will_v rise_v put_v it_o into_o a_o clean_a vessel_n and_o cover_v it_o close_o and_o keep_v it_o for_o use_n now_o when_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o take_v thereof_o what_o quantity_n you_o shall_v think_v sit_v and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o earthen_a pipkin_n with_o a_o three_o part_n of_o hog_n grease_n or_o which_o be_v better_o capon_n grease_v or_o goose_n grease_n set_v it_o on_o a_o very_a gentle_a fire_n and_o there_o let_v they_o melt_v together_o and_o stir_v they_o continual_o till_o they_o be_v both_o incorporate_v together_o and_o become_v one_o entire_a substance_n then_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o cool_v it_o stir_v it_o till_o it_o be_v cold_a when_o it_o be_v well_o cool_v take_v your_o rod_n and_o warm_v they_o a_o little_a over_o the_o fire_n wind_n about_o the_o top_n of_o they_o some_o of_o it_o so_o prepare_v then_o draw_v the_o rod_n one_o from_o another_o close_v they_o again_o do_v this_o several_a time_n continual_o ply_v and_o work_v they_o together_o till_o by_o smear_v one_o upon_o another_o you_o have_v bestow_v upon_o every_o rod_n a_o like_a quantity_n of_o lime_n keep_v the_o full_a breadth_n of_o your_o hand_n at_o least_o free_a and_o without_o any_o lime_n at_o all_o ever_o and_o anon_o warm_v the_o rod_n before_o the_o fire_n to_o make_v the_o lime_n spread_v on_o they_o the_o better_a and_o to_o make_v it_o lie_v smooth_a and_o plain_a that_o the_o fowl_n may_v not_o perceive_v it_o and_o take_v affright_v at_o it_o as_o for_o the_o lime_a of_o straw_n it_o must_v be_v do_v when_o the_o lime_n be_v very_o hot_a and_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o rod_n be_v do_v before_o the_o fire_n only_o you_o must_v not_o do_v a_o few_o but_o a_o great_a heap_n together_o as_o big_a as_o you_o can_v well_o gripe_v in_o your_o hand_n for_o so_o
point_n of_o the_o hook_n somewhat_o long_o than_o in_o other_o eagle_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bird._n the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n very_o black_a the_o iris_z yellow_a the_o crown_n of_o the_o train_n head_n and_o all_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o pale_a chesnut_n incline_v to_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v more_o black_a the_o back_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v cover_v with_o dark_a ferrugineous_a and_o blackish_a feather_n as_o also_o be_v the_o belly_n and_o thigh_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o tail_n from_o the_o rump_n to_o the_o end_n be_v whole_o white_a whence_o the_o name_n of_o albicilla_n be_v not_o undeserved_o by_o gaza_n impose_v upon_o it_o howbeit_o two_o of_o the_o small_a feather_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o two_o middlemost_a which_o lie_n upon_o and_o cover_v the_o other_o great_a and_o principal_a one_o have_v black_a tip_n the_o leg_n be_v almost_o whole_o bare_a of_o talon_n feather_n and_o 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himself_o not_o to_o know_v i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o the_o description_n of_o that_o bird_n which_o he_o call_v morphno_n congener_fw-la it_o be_v say_v he_o of_o about_o the_o height_n and_o bigness_n of_o a_o large_a dunghil-cock_n from_o beak_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o train_n three_o span_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o beak_n be_v pretty_a long_o hook_a and_o tend_v almost_o direct_o downward_o join_v to_o the_o head_n by_o a_o yellow_a membrane_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o sear_n the_o colour_n of_o almost_o colour_n the_o whole_a plumage_n be_v ferrugineous_a save_v that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n towards_o the_o belly_n it_o be_v beautify_v with_o many_o oval_a spot_n scatter_v up_o and_o down_o and_o moreover_o that_o the_o utmost_a tip_n of_o the_o beam-feather_n be_v white_a as_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o the_o extremity_n of_o all_o its_o feather_n and_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o rump_n the_o leg_n be_v all_o over_o feather_v down_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o toe_n and_o besprinkle_v leg_n also_o with_o whitish_a ash-coloured_n spot_n the_o foot_n be_v yellow_a the_o toe_n above_o towards_o toe_n the_o leg_n cover_v with_o scales_n towards_o the_o talon_n with_o annulary_a table_n the_o bottom_n of_o all_o the_o feather_n white_a the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n black_a encompass_v with_o a_o cinereous_a circle_n it_o will_v very_o greedy_o devour_v flay_v mouse_n food_n bellonius_fw-la for_o the_o morphnos_n of_o the_o ancient_n give_v we_o the_o jer-falcon_n who_o opinion_n aldrovandus_n disallow_n this_o bird_n take_v the_o name_n morphnos_n from_o the_o spot_n of_o the_o feather_n whence_o also_o it_o name_n may_v in_o latin_a not_o unfit_o be_v call_v naevia_n other_o will_v have_v this_o name_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o preterperfect_a tense_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v change_v into_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d short_a and_o the_o letter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d interpose_v and_o so_o to_o signify_v rapacious_a it_o be_v call_v clanga_n both_o by_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n from_o the_o sound_n of_o its_o voice_n §._o vi_o *_o the_o crest_a eagle_n of_o brasil_n urutaurana_n brasiliensium_fw-la marggrav_fw-mi this_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o eagle_n it_o have_v a_o black_a bill_n the_o upper_a chap_n bill_n whereof_o be_v hook_v yellow_a near_o its_o rise_n or_o base_a the_o eye_n of_o a_o lovely_a gold-colour_n with_o black_a pupil_n which_o it_o can_v cover_v with_o a_o ash-coloured_a skin_n periophthalmium_fw-la eye_n though_o it_o shut_v not_o the_o eyelid_n it_o have_v a_o eaglelike_a head_n but_o compress_v or_o head_n plain_a above_o flat-crowned_n in_o the_o top_n whereof_o it_o have_v two_o black_a feather_n about_o two_o crest_n inch_n long_o with_o two_o small_a one_o on_o each_o side_n these_o it_o can_v when_o it_o list_v setup_a a_o end_n and_o again_o 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geb_fw-mi like_v to_o that_o of_o a_o chicken_n which_o have_v lose_v its_o dam_n voice_n we_o express_v that_o voice_n by_o yelp_v yelp_v if_o you_o cast_v a_o bird_n to_o it_o whether_o alive_a or_o dead_a it_o catch_v it_o in_o its_o talon_n and_o with_o its_o bill_n handsome_o plume_v it_o and_o then_o tear_v it_o food_n in_o piece_n swallow_v down_o both_o flesh_n and_o bone_n i_o keep_v one_o of_o these_o alive_a a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o fort_n mauritius_n by_o the_o river_n of_o st._n frances_n §._o vii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n urubitinga_n of_o marggrave_n very_o like_o our_o pygarg_fw-mi or_o white-tailed_a eagle_n this_o bird_n be_v like_o a_o eagle_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goose_n of_o six_o month_n old_a it_o have_v a_o thick_a hook_a black_a beak_n a_o yellowish_a skin_n about_o the_o nostril_n great_a sparkle_a aquiline_n eye_n a_o great_a head_n yellow_a leg_n and_o foot_n four_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n dispose_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n crooked_a long_a 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altogether_o the_o same_o with_o that_o here_o describe_v by_o marggrave_n §._o viii_o *_o of_o the_o vulturine_a eagle_n of_o aldrovandus_n call_v percnopteros_n gypaëtos_n and_o also_o ovipelargus_n though_o aldrovandus_n make_v this_o bird_n a_o sort_n of_o eagle_n entitle_v it_o perknopteros_n yet_o he_o confess_v it_o to_o have_v nothing_o aquiline_n beside_o the_o name_n be_v ignoble_a sluggish_a and_o deform_v and_o therefore_o deserve_v to_o be_v set_v behind_o not_o only_a eagle_n but_o also_o vulture_n we_o take_v it_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o vulture_n as_o will_v appear_v from_o its_o description_n compare_v with_o the_o general_a note_n of_o vulture_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o bird_n aldrovandus_n give_v we_o three_o figure_n and_o three_o description_n beside_o that_o of_o bellonius_fw-la which_o whatever_o it_o be_v
seem_v to_o be_v a_o bird_n of_o another_o kind_n the_o first_o be_v of_o a_o vulturine_a eagle_n bring_v out_o of_o spain_n in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v of_o eminent_a magnitude_n yea_o not_o much_o less_o than_o the_o chrysaëto_n but_o of_o beak_n a_o unusual_a and_o ridiculous_a shape_n the_o beak_n not_o as_o in_o other_o eagle_n bend_v from_o the_o root_n to_o the_o tip_n by_o a_o continual_a declivity_n but_o straight_o almost_o to_o the_o middle_n towards_o the_o point_n bow_v into_o a_o remarkable_a hook_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o vulture_n white_a towards_o the_o head_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v black_a the_o low_a chap_n whole_o white_a the_o mouth_n withinside_n oris_n rictus_fw-la of_o a_o chesnut-colour_n head_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n not_o as_o in_o other_o eagle_n of_o a_o fiery_a colour_n but_o whitish_a the_o pupil_n black_a the_o whole_a head_n whitish_a incline_v to_o dusky_a fuscum_fw-la the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n about_o half_a way_n down_o almost_o bald_a beset_v with_o very_a few_o and_o those_o feather_n small_a feather_n of_o a_o white_a colour_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o bald_a part_n almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n grow_v small_a feather_n like_o certain_a rough_a curl_a hair_n stand_v up_o above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o plumage_n as_o it_o be_v very_o fine_a slender_a long_a bristle_n the_o like_a whereto_o it_o have_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o back_n and_o breast_n in_o place_n just_o opposite_a to_o one_o another_o and_o also_o on_o the_o rump_n below_o on_o the_o back_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o hood_n reach_v to_o back_n the_o middle_n thereof_o end_v in_o a_o sharp_a peak_n and_o resemble_v a_o triangle_n the_o colour_n foot_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v a_o dark_a chesnut_n incline_v to_o black_a the_o tail_n long_o the_o foot_n and_o leg_n white_a the_o claw_n dusky_a the_o second_o be_v of_o one_o take_v by_o country_n man_n on_o the_o alpish_a mountain_n of_o the_o town_n giulia_n as_o follow_v from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v by_o bill_n measure_n three_o span_n long_o the_o bill_n be_v long_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n cover_v with_o a_o skin_n or_o membrane_n so_o that_o about_o a_o inch_n only_o of_o the_o tip_n remain_v bare_a the_o hook_a end_n small_a and_o slender_a the_o head_n be_v bald_a or_o destitute_a of_o feather_n to_o the_o hind-part_n so_o head_n that_o the_o feather_n stand_v up_o behind_o the_o crown_n resemble_v a_o monk_n hood_n put_v back_o and_o lean_v on_o his_o neck_n when_o he_o go_v with_o his_o head_n uncover_v the_o colour_n of_o almost_o colour_n all_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v dusky_a incline_v to_o a_o dark_a chesnut_n only_o interrupt_v by_o a_o continue_a series_n of_o whitish_a feather_n on_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n make_v a_o acute_a angle_n the_o point_n run_v down_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o acuminate_v part_n of_o the_o monk_n hood_n hang_v from_o the_o shoulder_n down_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n talon_n also_o another_o series_n not_o unlike_o this_o of_o whitish_a feather_n terminate_n in_o a_o acute_a angle_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n cover_v all_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n towards_o the_o complication_n of_o the_o wing_n somewhat_o resemble_v a_o clock_n the_o tail_n be_v broad_a and_o of_o a_o mean_a size_n the_o foot_n dusky_a and_o all_o over_o cover_v with_o scales_n the_o beak_n and_o talon_n be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o dusky_a horn-colour_n the_o feather_n on_o the_o thigh_n reach_v not_o low_a than_o the_o knee_n it_o will_v without_o difficulty_n suffer_v itself_o to_o be_v touch_v or_o handle_v whence_o you_o may_v note_v its_o sluggishness_n and_o cowardice_n be_v anger_v it_o cry_v like_o a_o kite_n the_o three_o be_v gesner_n this_o eagle_n say_v gesner_n who_o figure_n we_o here_o present_v you_o with_o if_o it_o be_v not_o the_o gypaëto_n i._n e._n the_o vulturine_a eagle_n or_o oripelargus_n i._n e._n the_o mountain_n vulture_n yet_o seem_v to_o be_v breed_v at_o least_o of_o one_o parent_n of_o this_o kind_n for_o in_o beak_n it_o colour_n resemble_v a_o vulture_n in_o colour_n a_o stork_n be_v ignoble_a and_o sluggish_a it_o be_v unknown_a to_o our_o fowler_n be_v never_o that_o i_o know_v of_o take_v with_o we_o but_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1551._o on_o septemb_n 29._o there_o fall_v a_o extraordinary_a snow_n a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n her_o wing_n be_v wet_a and_o heavy_a fall_v down_o into_o a_o narrow_a place_n in_o the_o open_a air_n adjoin_v to_o one_o of_o our_o citizen_n house_n it_o do_v for_o shape_n and_o colour_n whole_o resemble_v a_o stork_n it_o be_v carnivorous_a yet_o will_v not_o touch_v fish_n impatient_a of_o cold_a the_o food_n body_n intense_o hot_a so_o that_o the_o cold_a hand_n of_o they_o that_o touch_v it_o be_v present_o temperature_n warm_v thereby_o it_o will_v sit_v stark_o still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n for_o four_o or_o five_o hour_n and_o quality_n sometime_o look_v upon_o the_o sun_n when_o it_o shine_v out_o hen_n and_o other_o bird_n scorn_v despise_a and_o neglect_v it_o as_o harmless_a and_o innoxious_a i_o keep_v it_o at_o my_o house_n above_o a_o month_n and_o give_v it_o meat_n with_o my_o hand_n the_o small_a gobbet_n whereof_o it_o will_v swallow_v the_o great_a piece_n it_o tear_v asunder_o with_o its_o claw_n though_o it_o drink_v not_o yet_o from_o its_o beak_n drop_v of_o water_n distil_v in_o the_o year_n 1664._o we_o see_v at_o venice_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o a_o certain_a nobleman_n of_o the_o city_n stand_v upon_o the_o grand_a channel_n a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o we_o thus_o describe_v for_o bigness_n it_o equal_v or_o exceed_v any_o eagle_n we_o have_v see_v the_o head_n and_o neck_n feather_n be_v destitute_a of_o feather_n only_o cover_v with_o a_o white_a down_o from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o eye_n the_o skin_n be_v bare_a and_o of_o a_o blue_a colour_n almost_o all_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a ferrugineous_a colour_n on_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n below_o the_o down_o there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o collar_n or_o ruff_n of_o long_a white_a feather_n the_o prime_a feather_n colour_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v black_a the_o bill_n be_v large_a more_o like_o a_o gull_n than_o a_o beak_n eagle_n the_o tip_n of_o it_o white_a the_o nostril_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o black_a membrane_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o red_a hazel_n colour_n the_o nostril_n turn_v direct_o drop_v downward_o and_o from_o they_o constant_o drop_v a_o liquid_a humour_n or_o water_n it_o be_v feather_v down_o a_o little_a below_o the_o knee_n the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o lead_n colour_n the_o claw_n black_a lesser_a and_o not_o so_o crooked_a as_o a_o eagle_n the_o middle_a toe_n much_o long_a than_o claw_n the_o rest_n the_o outmost_a join_v to_o the_o middle_n by_o a_o membrane_n as_o far_o as_o the_o first_o joint_n or_o further_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o leg_n white_a the_o craw_n hang_v down_o from_o the_o body_n before_o like_o a_o bag_n it_o stand_v almost_o always_o with_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o like_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o craw._n vulture_n leporarius_fw-la of_o gesner_n stand_v these_o three_o description_n i_o suspect_v to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o bird_n differ_v only_o in_o age_n or_o sex_n for_o the_o first_o of_o aldrovandus_n in_o most_o note_n agree_v with_o we_o except_v the_o triangular_a spot_n in_o the_o back_n which_o either_o be_v not_o in_o we_o or_o not_o observe_v by_o we_o which_o yet_o i_o scarce_o believe_v and_o that_o he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o humour_n drop_v from_o the_o nose_n of_o he_o perchance_o because_o it_o be_v see_v and_o describe_v after_o it_o be_v dead_a aldrovandus_n confess_v his_o second_o to_o be_v in_o many_o thing_n not_o unlike_a to_o gesner_n but_o that_o gesner_n and_o we_o be_v the_o same_o bird_n that_o one_o note_n of_o the_o water_n distil_v from_o the_o nostril_n be_v sufficient_a to_o evince_v notwithstanding_o the_o difference_n of_o colour_n i_o judge_v the_o first_o of_o aldrovandus_n and_o we_o describe_v at_o venice_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o sex_n likewise_o the_o second_o of_o aldrovandus_n and_o that_o see_v and_o describe_v by_o gesner_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o sex_n but_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o other_o two_o but_o herein_o i_o dare_v not_o be_v very_o positive_a and_o confident_a chap._n iu._n of_o vulture_n in_o general_n the_o characteristic_a
eiasse-hawk_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o nest_n or_o bring_v away_o in_o the_o nest_n before_o they_o can_v fly_v be_v bring_v up_o by_o hand_n 2._o ramage-hawk_n or_o brancher_n which_o be_v take_v when_o they_o be_v fledge_v and_o get_v out_o of_o the_o nest_n but_o depart_v not_o far_o from_o it_o fly_v only_o from_o bough_n to_o bough_n and_o follow_v their_o dam_n not_o be_v able_a yet_o to_o prey_v for_o themselves_o from_o ramus_n signify_v a_o bough_n however_o they_o be_v take_v after_o they_o have_v prey_v for_o themselves_o the_o first_o year_n while_o they_o retain_v their_o chicken-feather_n they_o be_v call_v sore-hawk_n from_o the_o french_a word_n soret_n signify_v a_o dusky_a colour_n the_o second_o year_n when_o they_o have_v change_v their_o feather_n they_o be_v call_v entermewer_n from_o the_o word_n muto_fw-la to_o change_n the_o three_o year_n they_o be_v call_v white_a hawk_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o the_o four_o year_n when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o their_o full_a growth_n and_o perfection_n they_o be_v call_v hawk_n of_o the_o first_o coat_n the_o five_o year_n hawk_n of_o the_o second_o coat_n the_o six_o year_n hawk_n of_o the_o three_o coat_n and_o so_o on_o as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v some_o of_o they_o if_o they_o be_v well_o tend_v and_o favour_v while_o they_o be_v young_a will_v hold_v out_o twenty_o year_n the_o feather_n of_o all_o by_o age_n gradual_o grow_v white_a as_o man_n hair_n grow_v grey_a so_o that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o old_a they_o be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o white_a be_v they_o the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v by_o our_o falconer_n call_v the_o sarcel_n by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o dent_n whereof_o they_o pretend_v to_o know_v the_o age_n of_o the_o hawk_n as_o by_o the_o number_n of_o cross_a bar_n in_o the_o tail_n the_o age_n of_o a_o pheasaant_n but_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o feed_v train_v up_o reclaim_v and_o cure_v the_o disease_n of_o hawk_n those_o that_o have_v write_v of_o falconry_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v chap._n vii_o of_o long-winged_n hawk_n long-winged_n hawk_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o more_o sluggish_a and_o indocile_a which_o we_o call_v wild_a hawk_n and_o the_o more_o generous_a such_o as_o use_v to_o be_v train_v up_o for_o fowl_v those_o we_o call_v wild_a hawk_n be_v the_o bald_a buzzard_n the_o common_a buzzard_n the_o honey-buzzard_n the_o ring-tail_n the_o kite_n or_o glead_v and_o the_o moor-buzzard_n of_o which_o in_o order_n chap._n viii_o ¶_o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o wild_a long-winged_n hawk_n and_o first_o §._o i._o of_o the_o bald_a buzzard_n this_o bird_n be_v by_o aldrovandus_n twice_o put_v among_o eagle_n 1._o under_o the_o title_n of_o haliaeetus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o 2._o under_o the_o title_n of_o morphnos_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n the_o bird_n we_o describe_v weigh_v fifty_o six_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a if_o herein_o mr._n willughby_n weight_n be_v not_o mistake_v i_o see_v not_o but_o this_o bird_n may_v well_o enough_o pass_v for_o a_o eagle_n but_o i_o suspect_v a_o error_n in_o the_o weight_n it_o be_v breadth_n or_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o extremity_n breadth_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v sixty_o inch_n the_o beak_n from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o beak_n angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a black_a hook_a cover_v from_o the_o base_a as_o far_o as_o the_o nostril_n with_o a_o bluish_a skin_n or_o sear_n bunch_v out_o between_o the_o nostril_n and_o the_o hook_a part_n the_o nostril_n themselves_o be_v oblong_v and_o oblique_a nares_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o low_a chap_n i._n e._n which_o the_o leg_n thereof_o make_v round_n the_o tongue_n broad_a soft_a and_o like_o a_o man_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n yellow_a the_o pupil_n eye_n great_a it_o have_v both_o a_o upper_a and_o low_a eyelid_n but_o the_o low_a much_o great_a the_o eye_n be_v not_o so_o sink_v in_o the_o head_n or_o withdraw_v under_o prominent_a brow_n as_o in_o the_o common_a buzzard_n but_o more_o extant_a the_o bird_n itself_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o strong_a and_o more_o valiant_a than_o the_o buzzard_n with_o which_o it_o agree_v in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v black_a and_o ferrugineous_a the_o side_n feather_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v white_a whence_o it_o take_v the_o name_n of_o bald_a buzzard_n the_o throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n white_a but_o above_o the_o crop_n the_o feather_n be_v ferrugineous_a side_n the_o leg_n be_v clothe_v with_o white_a and_o soft_a feather_n the_o prime_a or_o flag-feather_n flag-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o eight_o from_o the_o seventeen_o they_o end_v in_o sharp_a point_n the_o great_a be_v the_o black_a the_o four_o outmost_a have_v the_o low_a half_o of_o their_o interior_a vane_n twice_o as_o broad_a as_o the_o upper_a the_o interior_a vane_n of_o all_o be_v variegated_a with_o white_a and_o black_a alternate_o indent_v like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o saw_n the_o feather_n under_o the_o shoulder_n be_v white_a mark_v with_o black_a spot_n towards_o the_o tip_n the_o three_o and_o four_o row_n of_o those_o that_o cover_v the_o root_n of_o the_o flag-feather_n underneath_o feather_n be_v elegant_o mark_v towards_o the_o tip_n with_o dusky_a spot_n have_v their_o edge_n ferrugineous_a the_o lesser_a feather_n above_o these_o be_v white_a the_o great_a beneath_o they_o dusky_a or_o brown_a the_o train_n be_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o equal_a length_n have_v their_o border_n particoloured_a train_n of_o white_a and_o ferrugineous_a indent_v as_o in_o the_o wing_n the_o leg_n be_v long_o the_o foot_n thick_a and_o strong_a of_o a_o pale_a blue_a or_o verdigrease_n colour_n talon_n the_o middle_a toe_n the_o big_a the_o outermost_a somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o inner_a the_o back-toe_n as_o in_o all_o the_o least_o all_o arm_a with_o great_a semicircular_a black_a round_a talon_n the_o foot_n scaly_a and_o uneven_a the_o sole_a of_o the_o foot_n rough_a that_o it_o may_v more_o easy_o hold_v its_o prey_n when_o it_o have_v once_o catch_v it_o the_o toe_n be_v so_o dispose_v that_o the_o outmost_a of_o the_o fore-toe_n may_v bend_v or_o turn_v backward_o as_o in_o owl_n parrot_n etc._n etc._n bowel_n the_o liver_n heart_n and_o gall_n be_v large_a the_o spleen_n round_o and_o of_o a_o black_a or_o sordid_a colour_n in_o the_o stomach_n and_o craw_n open_v we_o find_v many_o fish-bone_n and_o scale_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o echinus_n or_o ante-stomach_n be_v full_a of_o many_o carneous_a globule_n the_o gut_n be_v long_o slender_a or_o small_a have_v many_o revolution_n it_o haunt_v river_n lake_n and_o great_a pool_n of_o water_n as_o also_o the_o seashore_n at_o pensans_n food_n in_o cornwall_n we_o see_v one_o that_o be_v shoot_v have_v a_o mullet_n in_o its_o claw_n for_o it_o prey_v upon_o fish_n which_o seem_v very_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a since_o it_o be_v neither_o whole-footed_n nor_o provide_v with_o long_a leg_n or_o neck_n it_o build_v upon_o the_o ground_n among_o reed_n and_o lay_v three_o or_o four_o large_a white_a egg_n of_o nest_n a_o figure_n exact_o elliptical_a lesser_a yet_o than_o hen_n eggs._n it_o cast_v a_o ill_a strong_a send_v and_o be_v much_o infest_a with_o louse_n it_o differ_v from_o the_o sea-eagle_n of_o aristotle_n in_o that_o the_o neck_n be_v not_o thick_a and_o big_a but_o for_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n slender_a and_o small_a what_o aldrovandus_n have_v deliver_v of_o eagle_n viz._n that_o the_o right_a foot_n be_v big_a than_o the_o left_a do_v not_o agree_v to_o this_o for_o its_o foot_n be_v equal_a it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a buzzard_n 1._o by_o its_o weight_n and_o bigness_n wherein_o buzzard_n it_o exceed_v that_o 2._o that_o its_o wing_n be_v long_o 3._o by_o this_o most_o sure_a mark_n that_o the_o outmost_a of_o the_o fore-toe_n in_o this_o may_v be_v turn_v backward_o but_o not_o in_o the_o common_a buzzard_n 4._o by_o the_o angular_a process_n of_o the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o beak_n 5._o by_o the_o blue_a colour_n of_o the_o leg_n and_o foot_n §._o ii_o of_o the_o common_a buzzard_n or_o puttock_n call_v in_o latin_a buteo_n it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pheasant_n or_o young_a pullet_n it_o be_v weight_n be_v thirty_o two_o beak_n ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o one_o inch_n its_o breadth_n the_o wing_n be_v stretch_v out_o fifty_o two_o inch_n the_o head_n great_a the_o crown_n broad_a and_o flat_a the_o beak_n short_a hook_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a blue_a a_o yellow_a skin_n cover_v the_o upper_a
chap_n from_o the_o root_n beyond_o the_o nostril_n the_o bridle_n of_o the_o mouth_n or_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o corner_n be_v also_o yellow_a the_o nostril_n be_v round_o nares_n yet_o in_o one_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n we_o observe_v they_o long_o and_o bend_a it_o gape_v wide_a it_o be_v tongue_n be_v thick_a fleshy_a blunt_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v angry_a it_o open_v tongue_n its_o mouth_n and_o hold_v its_o tongue_n stretch_v out_o as_o far_o as_o the_o end_n of_o its_o bill_n the_o roof_n of_o the_o mouth_n have_v in_o it_o a_o hollow_a equal_a to_o the_o tongue_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o low_a chap_n be_v palate_n circular_a the_o eye_n be_v great_a the_o irides_fw-la or_o circle_n encompass_v the_o pupil_n white_a eye_n with_o a_o dash_n sometime_o of_o yellow_a sometime_o of_o red_a sometime_o they_o be_v of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n without_o mixture_n of_o any_o other_o the_o low_a eyelid_n downy_a the_o membrane_n for_o nictation_n blue_a the_o colour_n of_o all_o the_o upper_a part_n a_o dark_a fulvous_n approach_v to_o black_a or_o a_o ferrugineous_a side_n black_a in_o some_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n we_o observe_v many_o white_a spot_n in_o the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o in_o the_o wing_n spread_v make_v a_o kind_n of_o white_a line_n the_o like_a white_a spot_n it_o have_v in_o the_o long_a feather_n spring_v from_o the_o shoulder_n which_o cover_v the_o whole_a back_n the_o edge_n of_o these_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o dirty_a yellow_a the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o dilute_a yellow_a or_o yellowish_a white_a the_o breast_n stain_v side_n with_o oblong_o ferrugineous_a spot_n not_o transverse_o place_v but_o tend_v downward_o in_o each_o feather_n draw_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o shaft_n the_o chin_n be_v of_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n the_o shaft_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a between_o the_o eye_n and_o nostril_n grow_v long_o black_a bristle_n on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n grow_v no_o feather_n but_o only_o down_o for_o the_o scapular_a feather_n cover_v the_o whole_a back_n the_o flag-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o four_o in_o number_n the_o outmost_a wing_n of_o which_o be_v short_a the_o three_o and_o four_o count_v from_o it_o long_v the_o tip_n of_o the_o four_o outmost_a be_v black_a and_o narrow_a than_o those_o of_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v white_a the_o interior_a web_n of_o all_o be_v variegated_a with_o broad_a transverse_a dusky_a and_o whitish_a strike_n or_o bar_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o of_o a_o woodpecker_n or_o woodcock_n the_o under-side_n of_o the_o wing_n except_v the_o tip_n of_o all_o the_o flag_n and_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o five_o outmost_a feather_n be_v white_a vary_a with_o transverse_a parallel_n line_n the_o wing_n close_v reach_v almost_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o train_n the_o train_n be_v nine_o or_o ten_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n not_o fork_v but_o when_o spread_v term_n inate_v tail_n in_o a_o circular_a circumference_n the_o utmost_a tip_n of_o its_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n then_o follow_v a_o transverse_a black_a line_n of_o a_o inch_n breadth_n the_o remain_a part_n be_v vary_v gated_a with_o black_a and_o cinereous_a transverse_a space_n or_o bar_n only_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o feather_n white_a the_o thigh_n be_v long_o strong_a and_o fleshy_a the_o leg_n short_a thick_a and_o strong_a feather_v foot_n down_o a_o little_a below_o the_o knee_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellow_a and_o cover_v with_o scales_n the_o outmost_a toe_n join_v below_o to_o the_o middlemost_a by_o a_o membrane_n for_o some_o claw_n space_n the_o talon_n strong_a long_o and_o black_a that_o of_o the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n the_o least_o that_o of_o the_o back-toe_n the_o big_a the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n have_v a_o large_a gall_n the_o spleen_n of_o a_o oval_a entrail_n figure_n it_o have_v but_o two_o testicle_n the_o stomach_n be_v large_a not_o musculous_a but_o membranous_a that_o be_v not_o fleshy_a like_o the_o gizzard_n of_o a_o hen_n or_o turkey_n etc._n etc._n but_o skinny_a like_o those_o of_o beast_n it_o feed_v not_o only_o upon_o mouse_n and_o mole_n but_o also_o upon_o bird_n for_o out_o of_o the_o stomach_n food_n of_o one_o that_o we_o open_v we_o take_v a_o small_a bird_n entire_a and_o out_o of_o the_o stomach_n of_o another_o even_o a_o thrush_n it_o be_v a_o great_a destroyer_n of_o coney_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o better_a food_n it_o will_v feed_v upon_o beetle_n earthworm_n and_o other_o infect_v the_o head_n of_o these_o bird_n be_v say_v to_o grow_v colour_n cinereous_a with_o age_n and_o the_o feather_n of_o their_o back_n white_a but_o whether_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o sex_n or_o age_n or_o other_o accident_n certain_a it_o be_v they_o differ_v very_o much_o one_o from_o another_o in_o this_o respect_n for_o whereas_o some_o have_v no_o white_a feather_n neither_o in_o head_n back_z nor_o wing_n other_o have_v very_o many_o buzzard_n egg_n be_v white_a stain_v with_o a_o few_o great_a red_a spot_n yet_o sometime_o all_o eggs._n over_o white_a without_o spot_n that_o sort_n of_o hawk_n as_o pliny_n witness_v which_o the_o roman_n name_v buteo_n be_v by_o the_o grecian_n call_v triorche_n from_o the_o number_n of_o its_o stone_n aldrovandus_n also_o say_v triorche_n that_o in_o a_o buzzard_n dissect_v he_o have_v observe_v three_o stone_n the_o three_o stone_n appear_v not_o to_o we_o though_o we_o diligent_o seek_v it_o aldrovandus_n also_o himself_o say_v that_o he_o will_v not_o very_o much_o contend_v with_o he_o that_o shall_v obstinate_o deny_v that_o three_o glandulous_a body_n which_o beside_o the_o two_o stone_n he_o have_v note_v adjoin_v to_o they_o to_o be_v a_o true_a testicle_n §._o iii_o the_o honey-buzzard_n for_o bigness_n it_o equal_v or_o exceed_v the_o common_a buzzard_n be_v also_o like_o it_o in_o figure_n or_o dimension_n shape_n of_o body_n unless_o perchance_o it_o be_v somewhat_o long_o it_o weigh_v thirty_o one_o ounce_n the_o length_n from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n be_v twenty_o three_o inch_n to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o talon_n not_o more_o than_o nineteen_o it_o be_v breadth_n or_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v fifty_o two_o inch_n it_o be_v beak_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o beak_n mouth_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a black_a and_o very_o hook_a bunch_v out_o between_o the_o nostril_n and_o the_o head_n the_o basis_n of_o the_o upper_a chap_n cover_v with_o a_o thick_a rugged_a black_a skin_n beyond_o the_o nostril_n which_o be_v not_o exact_o round_a but_o long_o and_o bend_a the_o mouth_n when_o gape_v very_o wide_a and_o yellow_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o low_a eye_n chap_n as_o in_o other_o hawk_n semicircular_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o lovely_a bright_a yellow_a or_o saffron_n colour_n the_o head_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o crown_n flat_a broad_a narrow_a towards_o the_o beak_n the_o head_n bottom_n of_o the_o plumage_n in_o the_o head_n and_o back_o white_a which_o be_v worthy_a the_o note_n because_o colou_n it_o be_v common_a with_o this_o to_o many_o other_o hawk_n the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n or_o rather_o a_o mouse-dun_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o flag-feather_n as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o second_o remiges_fw-la and_o three_o row_n in_o the_o wing_n white_a the_o wing_n when_o close_v reach_v not_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o number_n of_o flag_n in_o each_o wing_n twenty_o four_o the_o tail_n consist_v of_o tail_n twelve_o feather_n near_o a_o foot_n long_o variegated_a with_o transverse_a obscure_a and_o lucid_a or_o blackish_a and_o whitish_a space_n ring_n or_o bar_n the_o very_a tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v white_a below_z the_o white_z be_v a_o cross_a black_a line_n under_o that_o a_o broad_a dun_a or_o ash-coloured_a space_n or_o bed_n the_o like_a whereto_o also_o cross_v the_o wing_n which_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o tail_n in_o colour_n as_o for_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o body_n the_o feather_n under_o the_o chin_n and_o tail_n be_v white_a part_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n also_o white_a spot_v with_o black_a spot_n draw_v downward_o from_o the_o head_n towards_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n be_v feather_v down_o somewhat_o below_o the_o knee_n short_a strong_a yellow_a as_o talon_n be_v also_o the_o foot_n the_o talon_n long_o strong_a sharp_a and_o black_a stomach_n the_o gut_n short_a than_o in_o the_o former_a the_o gut_n appendix_n thick_a and_o short_a in_o the_o stomach_n and_o gut_n of_o that_o we_o dissect_v we_o find_v a_o huge_a
number_n of_o green_a caterpillar_n of_o that_o sort_n call_v geometrae_n many_o also_o of_o the_o common_a green_a caterpillar_n and_o other_o it_o build_v its_o nest_n of_o small_a twig_n lay_v upon_o they_o wool_n and_o upon_o the_o wool_n its_o nest_n eggs._n we_o see_v one_o that_o make_v use_v of_o a_o old_a kite_n nest_n to_o breed_v in_o and_o that_o feed_v its_o young_a with_o the_o young_a nymphae_n of_o wasp_n for_o in_o the_o nest_n we_o find_v the_o comb_n of_o wasp_n nest_n and_o in_o the_o stomach_n of_o the_o young_a the_o limb_n and_o fragment_n of_o wasp-maggot_n there_o be_v in_o the_o nest_n only_o two_o young_a one_o cover_v with_o a_o white_a down_o spot_v with_o black_a their_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a their_o bill_n between_o the_o nostril_n and_o the_o head_n white_a their_o craw_n large_a in_o which_o be_v lizard_n frog_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o crop_n of_o one_o of_o they_o we_o find_v two_o lizard_n entire_a with_o their_o head_n lie_v towards_o the_o food_n bird_n mouth_n as_o if_o they_o seek_v to_o creep_v out_o this_o bird_n run_v very_o swift_o like_o a_o hen._n the_o female_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rapacious_a kind_n be_v in_o all_o dimension_n great_a than_o the_o male._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a buzzard_n 1._o in_o have_v a_o long_a tail_n 2._o a_o ash-coloured_a buzzard_n head_n 3._o the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n yellow_a 4._o thick_a and_o short_a foot_n 5._o in_o the_o broad_a transverse_a dun_a bed_n or_o stroke_n in_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n which_o be_v about_o three_o inch_n broad_a the_o egg_n of_o this_o fowl_n be_v cinereous_a mark_v with_o dark_a spot_n it_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o that_o we_o know_v of_o be_v describe_v by_o any_o writer_n though_o it_o be_v frequent_a enough_o with_o we_o §._o iv._o of_o the_o ring-tail_n the_o male_a whereof_o be_v call_v the_o henharrier_n the_o female_a though_o lean_a weigh_v sixteen_o ounce_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o beak_n weight_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v by_o measure_n twenty_o inch_n long_o from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v forty_o five_o inch_n the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o beak_n the_o mouth_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a above_o the_o nostril_n and_o at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o jaw_n grow_v black_a bristle_n reflect_v forward_o from_o the_o hind_a part_n of_o the_o head_n round_o the_o ear_n to_o the_o chin_n a_o ring_n or_o wreath_n of_o coronet_n feather_n stand_v up_o have_v their_o middle_a dusky_a and_o their_o edge_n of_o a_o red_a white_a encompass_n the_o head_n as_o it_o be_v a_o crown_n from_o this_o wreath_n hang_v down_o a_o naked_a skin_n cover_v the_o ear_n the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a ferrugineous_a colour_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o neck_n feather_n feather_n red_a in_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n less_o red_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o feather_n in_o the_o hind-part_n of_o the_o head_n white_a under_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o white_a spot_n the_o belly_n and_o breast_n of_o a_o dilute_a red_a colour_n or_o white_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o red_a mark_v with_o long_a dusky_a spot_n tend_v downward_o along_o the_o shaft_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o throat_n of_o a_o dusky_a or_o dark_a ferrugineous_a colour_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v red_a the_o rump_n have_v some_o white_a feather_n mark_v in_o the_o middle_n along_o their_o shaft_n with_o oblong_a ferrugineous_a spot_n the_o number_n of_o flag-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o four_o the_o exterior_a web_n wing-feather_n whereof_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n the_o interior_a being_n variegated_a with_o transverse_a black_a and_o white_a stroke_n alternate_o situate_a in_o the_o exterior_a and_o great_a feather_n the_o white_a stroke_n be_v big_a and_o broad_a in_o the_o interior_a and_o lesser_a the_o black_a in_o the_o inmost_a the_o whole_a web_n be_v dusky_a the_o white_a by_o degree_n grow_v dark_a and_o dark_a till_o at_o last_o it_o come_v to_o be_v whole_o brown_a or_o dusky_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o exterior_a feather_n in_o the_o second_o row_n be_v white_a of_o the_o interior_a red_n the_o rest_n of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n the_o tail_n be_v ten_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o tip_n whereof_o be_v of_o a_o red_a ash-clour_a to_o which_o succeed_v alternate_o red_a and_o black_a bar_n the_o black_a be_v train_n much_o the_o broad_a in_o the_o two_o middle_a feather_n the_o red_a do_v altogether_o disappear_v the_o feather_n be_v whole_o black_a a_o yellow_a skin_n cover_v the_o upper_a chap_n reach_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o bill_n beyond_o beak_n the_o nostril_n else_o the_o bill_n be_v black_a hook_a and_o prominent_a the_o low_a mandible_a straight_o the_o mouth_n wide_a when_o gape_a in_o the_o palate_n be_v a_o cavity_n equal_a to_o the_o palate_n tongue_n the_o tongue_n broad_a fleshy_a and_o undivided_a both_o tongue_n and_o palate_n tongue_n black_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o low_a chap_n as_o in_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n round_o the_o border_n of_o the_o eyelid_n round_o the_o eye_n yellow_a the_o foot_n yellow_a the_o talon_n black_a the_o outmost_a toe_n for_o some_o space_n from_o the_o talon_n divarication_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a by_o a_o intervening_a membrane_n the_o middle_a toe_n long_a the_o inmost_a short_a but_o the_o claw_n of_o the_o outmost_a least_n the_o leg_n long_o it_o have_v a_o great_a craw_n small_a round_a tumid_a blind_a gut_n a_o large_a gorge_n in_o that_o entrail_n we_o open_v full_a of_o feather_n and_o bone_n of_o bird_n a_o gall_n join_v to_o the_o liver_n its_o egg_n be_v as_o it_o be_v besmear_v over_o with_o red_a the_o white_a here_o and_o there_o appear_v from_o eggs._n underneath_o it_o the_o male_a or_o tarcel_n of_o this_o kind_n differ_v very_o much_o from_o the_o describe_v not_o only_o in_o henharrier_n magnitude_n but_o also_o in_o colour_n it_o be_v call_v in_o english_a the_o henharrow_n or_o henharrier_n the_o head_n neck_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n like_o that_o of_o a_o ring-dove_n the_o long_a feather_n grow_v on_o the_o shoulder_n be_v somewhat_o dusky_a the_o rump_n not_o so_o white_a as_o in_o the_o female_a the_o breast_n white_a with_o some_o transverse_a dusky_a spot_n the_o two_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n cinereous_a from_o the_o middle_n to_o the_o outmost_a the_o colour_n be_v more_o languid_a and_o dilute_a incline_v to_o white_a all_o but_o the_o middle_a one_o mark_v with_o transverse_a blackish_a bar_n the_o exterior_a flag-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a the_o tip_n be_v ash-coloured_a and_o the_o bottom_n white_a the_o outside_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v cinereous_a only_o their_o inner_a limb_n or_o border_n white_a the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o wing_n cinereous_a of_o the_o nether_a side_n white_a the_o shaft_n of_o the_o interior_a be_v black_a the_o first_o row_n of_o the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wing_n have_v transverse_a dusky_a spot_n the_o leg_n be_v long_a and_o very_a slender_a beyond_o the_o proportion_n of_o other_o hawk_n in_o other_o point_v it_o agree_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o the_o female_a we_o suppose_v this_o bird_n may_v be_v the_o pygargus_fw-la of_o bellonius_fw-la i_o suspect_v that_o aldrovandus_n make_v of_o this_o hawk_n differ_v in_o age_n or_o sex_n two_o or_o three_o species_n the_o description_n of_o that_o carnivorous_a bird_n he_o call_v palumbo_n similis_fw-la agree_v exact_o to_o this_o the_o description_n also_o of_o lanarius_fw-la in_o the_o five_o book_n eleven_o chapter_n of_o his_o ornithology_n answer_v in_o most_o particular_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v take_v the_o figure_n thereof_o for_o it_o §._o v._o the_o kite_n or_o glead_v milvus_fw-la caudâ_fw-la forcipatâ_fw-la it_o weigh_v forty_o four_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o end_n of_o measure_n the_o tail_n be_v twenty_o eight_o inch_n the_o wing_n extend_v be_v equal_a in_o breadth_n to_o sixty_o four_o inch_n the_o beak_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a chap_n hang_v down_o half_a a_o inch._n the_o head_n and_o chin_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n vary_v with_o black_a line_n along_o the_o part_n shaft_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o neck_n red_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o back_o dusky_a or_o brown_a like_o a_o buzzard_n the_o feather_n next_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o it_o have_v their_o middle_a part_n or_o shaft_n black_a the_o
lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n be_v particoloured_a of_o red_a black_a and_o white_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o feather_n along_o the_o shaft_n be_v black_a the_o long_a scapular_a feather_n cover_v the_o back_n have_v black_a line_n like_o the_o flag_n the_o feather_n cover_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v red_a with_o black_a spot_n in_o their_o middle_n the_o plumage_n of_o the_o low_a side_n have_v the_o edge_n ash-coloured_a side_n then_o follow_v red_a the_o middle_a part_n be_v black_a the_o black_a part_n be_v by_o degree_n less_o and_o less_o from_o the_o chin_n to_o the_o tail_n so_o that_o under_o the_o tail_n only_o the_o shaft_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o red_a colour_n be_v also_o more_o dilute_a towards_o the_o tail_n the_o flag-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n twenty_o four_o of_o which_o the_o five_o outmost_a wing-feather_n be_v black_a the_o next_o six_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a colour_n all_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o last_o be_v again_o black_a the_o last_o be_v particoloured_a of_o red_a white_z and_o brown_a all_o but_o the_o five_o or_o six_o exterior_a feather_n have_v in_o their_o outward_a web_n black_a transverse_a line_n the_o space_n between_o the_o line_n be_v whitish_a especial_o from_o the_o six_o to_o the_o eleven_o the_o foremost_a of_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n be_v black_a as_o also_o the_o bastard_n wing_n the_o wing_n close_v be_v long_o than_o the_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n short_a than_o the_o outmost_a the_o tail_n be_v fork_v the_o middle_a feather_n be_v eleven_o inch_n long_o the_o outmost_a fourteen_o tail_n the_o colour_n read_v ruffus_fw-la the_o extreme_a feather_n blackish_a all_o but_o the_o two_o middlemost_a have_v black_a cross_a line_n the_o middle_a space_n or_o distance_n be_v whitish_a the_o tip_n of_o all_o be_v white_a the_o bill_n be_v black_a have_v scarce_o any_o tooth-like_a appendix_n the_o tongue_n broad_a and_o tongue_n thick_a as_o in_o other_o carnivorous_a bird_n in_o the_o palate_n there_o be_v a_o cavity_n equal_a to_o the_o tongue_n the_o sear_n or_o skin_n about_o the_o nostril_n be_v yellow_a in_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o mouth_n sear_n be_v a_o double_a cranny_n or_o hole_n the_o eye_n be_v great_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o a_o pale_a but_o lovely_a eye_n yellow_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellow_a the_o outmost_a foretoe_n join_v to_o the_o middle_a one_o by_o a_o talon_n membrane_n reach_v almost_o half_a way_n the_o talon_n black_a that_o of_o the_o back-toe_n be_v the_o great_a the_o talon_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n have_v a_o sharp_a edge_n on_o the_o inside_n it_o have_v a_o great_a gall_n a_o large_a craw._n the_o straight_a gut_n below_o the_o appendix_n be_v much_o entrail_n dilate_a as_o in_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n spread_v its_o wing_n it_o so_o balance_n itself_o in_o the_o air_n that_o it_o can_v rest_v as_o it_o be_v immovable_a fly_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o same_o place_n yea_o without_o at_o all_o or_o but_o rare_o move_v its_o wing_n it_o glide_v through_o the_o air_n from_o place_n to_o place_n whence_o perchance_o it_o take_v its_o english_a name_n glead_v by_o the_o figure_n of_o its_o tail_n alone_o it_o be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o bird_n of_o prey_n we_o have_v hitherto_o see_v this_o sort_n of_o bird_n say_v pliny_n seem_v to_o have_v teach_v man_n the_o art_n of_o steer_v a_o ship_n by_o flight_n the_o turn_n of_o their_o tail_n nature_n show_v in_o the_o air_n what_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o deep_a for_o hence_o as_o aldrovandus_n go_v on_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o man_n learned_a to_o apply_v a_o rudder_n viz._n when_o they_o see_v the_o kite_n by_o turn_v her_o tail_n sometime_o this_o way_n sometime_o that_o way_n to_o direct_v or_o vary_v her_o course_n and_o turn_v about_o her_o body_n at_o pleasure_n they_o also_o attempt_v somewhat_o like_a add_v the_o helm_n to_o the_o ship_n by_o wind_v and_o turn_v whereof_o to_o and_o fro_o they_o can_v direct_v and_o impel_v it_o whither_o they_o please_v which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v drive_v uncertain_o and_o at_o random_n by_o the_o wind_n and_o tide_n kite_n they_o say_v be_v bird_n of_o passage_n shift_v place_n according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o passage_n year_n when_o i_o be_v once_o say_v bellonius_fw-la on_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o euxine_a sea_n on_o thraceside_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o april_n on_o a_o certain_a very_o high_a hill_n near_o to_o that_o pillar_n which_o be_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bosphorus_n where_o a_o fowler_n have_v spread_v net_n for_o catch_v of_o sparrow-hawk_n which_o come_v fly_v from_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o observe_v kite_n come_v thither_o in_o flock_n and_o that_o in_o so_o great_a number_n that_o it_o be_v a_o miracle_n to_o we_o for_o be_v as_o it_o be_v astonish_v at_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o spectacle_n we_o can_v not_o conceive_v where_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o kite_n can_v get_v themselves_o food_n for_o shall_v they_o for_o but_o fifteen_o day_n space_n fly_v continual_o that_o way_n in_o such_o numerous_a squadron_n i_o dare_v confident_o affirm_v they_o will_v exceed_v the_o number_n of_o man_n live_v upon_o the_o earth_n howbeit_o with_o we_o in_o england_n they_o be_v see_v all_o the_o year_n neither_o do_v they_o fear_v or_o fly_v our_o winter_n pliny_n write_v that_o kite_n feed_v upon_o no_o other_o meat_n but_o flesh_n but_o bellonius_fw-la affirm_v that_o prey_v in_o cayro_n a_o city_n of_o egypt_n he_o have_v see_v they_o light_n upon_o palm-tree_n and_o eat_v the_o date_n but_o no_o question_n they_o do_v so_o only_o be_v compel_v by_o hunger_n and_o for_o want_v of_o their_o natural_a and_o familiar_a food_n they_o be_v very_o noisome_a to_o tame_v bird_n especial_o chicken_n duckling_n and_o gosling_n among_o which_o espy_v one_o far_o from_o shelter_n or_o that_o be_v careless_o separate_v a_o good_a distance_n from_o the_o rest_n or_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n lie_v fit_a and_o expose_v to_o rapine_n they_o single_v it_o out_o and_o fly_v round_o round_o for_o a_o while_n mark_v it_o then_o of_o a_o sudden_a dart_n down_o as_o swift_a as_o lightning_n and_o catch_v it_o up_o before_o it_o be_v aware_a the_o dam_n in_o vain_a cry_v out_o and_o man_n with_o hoot_v and_o stone_n scare_v they_o away_o yea_o so_o bold_a be_v they_o that_o they_o affect_v to_o prey_v in_o city_n and_o place_n frequent_v by_o man_n so_o that_o the_o very_a garden_n and_o court_n or_o yard_n of_o house_n be_v not_o secure_a from_o their_o ravine_n for_o which_o cause_n our_o good_a housewife_n be_v very_o angry_a with_o they_o and_o of_o all_o bird_n hate_v and_o curse_v they_o most_o the_o grecian_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o more_o common_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d §._o vi_o the_o more-buzzard_n milvus_fw-la aeruginosus_n aldrov_n a_o circus_n bellonii_n it_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o buzzard_n of_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o crow_n the_o head_n be_v not_o so_o great_a nor_o the_o crown_n so_o flat_a and_o broad_a as_o in_o a_o buzzard_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o point_n measure_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v more_o than_o twenty_o inch_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v fifty_o inch_n the_o beak_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a hook_a cover_v at_o bottom_n with_o a_o yellowish_a green_a skin_n or_o sear_n else_o black_a the_o beak_n nostril_n not_o round_o but_o long_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o guiny_n bean_n or_o kidney_n the_o mouth_n eye_n withinside_o partly_o black_a partly_o bluish_a the_o tongue_n broad_a fleshy_a soft_a as_o in_o other_o bird_n of_o prey_n the_o hole_n or_o cleave_v in_o the_o palate_n wide_a and_o open_a the_o eye_n of_o a_o mean_a size_n have_v yellow_a irides_fw-la in_o the_o bird_n that_o i_o describe_v at_o rome_n but_o mr._n willughby_n write_v that_o they_o be_v between_o a_o ash_n and_o hazel_n colour_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o kind_n of_o clay_n colour_n of_o a_o pale_a fulvous_n or_o between_o colour_n yellow_a and_o red_a ruffus_fw-la variegated_a with_o black_a line_n viz._n the_o shaft_n of_o each_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o well_o low_o as_o upper_a side_n be_v a_o dark_a ferrugineous_a only_o at_o the_o middle_a joint_n of_o both_o wing_n there_o be_v a_o spot_n of_o the_o same_o red_a clay-colour_n ex_fw-la sulvo_fw-la albicans_fw-la with_o the_o head_n and_o the_o feather_n at_o the_o root_n or_o rise_v of_o the_o tail_n be_v fulvous_a the_o wing_n close_v reach_v
blue_a in_o the_o train_n of_o the_o male_n we_o describe_v be_v only_o five_o cross_a pale-red_n bar_n as_o we_o say_v before_o the_o intermediate_v black_a space_n be_v broad_a the_o train_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o the_o whole_a bird_n thirteen_o the_o merlin_n though_o the_o least_o of_o hawk_n yet_o for_o spirit_n and_o mettle_n as_o albertus_n bird_n true_o write_v give_v place_n to_o none_o it_o strike_v partridge_n on_o the_o neck_n with_o a_o fatal_a stroke_n kill_v they_o in_o a_o instant_n no_o hawk_n kill_v her_o prey_n so_o soon_o they_o fly_v also_o heath-pouts_a with_o it_o chap._n x._o of_o short-winged_n hawk_n §._o i._o the_o goshawk_n accipiter_fw-la palumbarius_fw-la it_o be_v big_a than_o the_o common_a buzzard_n of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o buzzard_n colour_n on_o bigness_n the_o head_n neck_n back_z and_o upperside_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o whole_a breast_n and_o belly_n white_a with_o transverse_a black_a line_n stand_v very_o thick_a the_o thigh_n be_v cover_v colour_n over_o with_o red_a feather_n have_v a_o black_a line_n in_o the_o middle_n down_o the_o shaft_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v yellow_a the_o talon_n black_a the_o beak_n blue_a and_o the_o sear_v of_o a_o yellowish_a beak_n green_a the_o wing_n when_o close_v fall_v much_o short_a of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o train_n by_o which_o note_n train_n alone_o and_o its_o bigness_n it_o be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o hawk_n the_o train_n be_v long_o of_o a_o cinereous_a or_o dun_a colour_n with_o four_o or_o five_o cross_a blackish_a bar_n stand_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n each_o from_o other_o in_o each_o feather_n of_o the_o breast_n there_o be_v a_o black_a circular_a line_n near_o the_o top_n run_a parallel_n to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n and_o in_o some_o also_o the_o shaft_n and_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a it_o take_v not_o only_a partridge_n and_o pheasant_n but_o also_o great_a fowl_n as_o goose_n and_o crane_n game_n sometime_o also_o it_o catch_v coney_n our_o english_a author_n who_o have_v write_v of_o falconry_n make_v this_o the_o same_o with_o the_o french_a autour_fw-fr or_o astur_n although_o aldrovandus_n will_v have_v the_o astur_n which_o he_o take_v to_o be_v the_o asterias_n of_o aristotle_n to_o be_v a_o different_a bird_n but_o i_o suppose_v the_o goshawk_n be_v not_o well_o know_v to_o aldrovandus_n §._o ii_o the_o sparrow-hawk_n accipiter_fw-la fringillarius_fw-la seu_fw-la nisus_n recentiorum_fw-la it_o be_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o a_o pigeon_n it_o be_v length_n from_o bill-point_n to_o tail_n end_n about_o fourteen_o breadth_n inch_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v twenty_o six_o inch_n it_o be_v beak_n be_v short_a hook_a blue_a black_a towards_o the_o tip_n the_o basis_n of_o the_o upper_a beak_n chap_n cover_v with_o a_o yellowish_a green_a skin_n which_o they_o call_v the_o sear_n or_o rather_o cere_fw-la from_o the_o latin_a word_n cera_n signify_v wax_n because_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o a_o wax-colour_n have_v a_o angular_a appendix_n or_o tooth_n on_o each_o side_n under_o the_o nostril_n the_o nostril_n be_v oblong_o the_o palate_n blue_a the_o tongue_n thick_a black_a and_o a_o little_a cleave_v crown_n the_o eye_n of_o mean_a size_n with_o yellow_a irides_fw-la over-hung_a by_o brow_n prominent_a like_o the_o eaves_n of_o a_o house_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a above_o the_o eye_n and_o in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n sometime_o be_v white_a feather_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o feather_n in_o head_n or_o neck_n be_v white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n back_o shoulder_n side_n wing_n neck_n be_v of_o the_o same_o dark_a brown_a except_v some_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v spot_v with_o white_a in_o another_o bird_n the_o head_n and_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n or_o blue_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o underside_n viz._n the_o neck_n breast_n belly_n sides_n underside_n and_o wing_n various_a of_o white_a and_o blackish_a or_o russet_a russet_a wave_v line_n thick-set_a cross_v the_o whole_a breast_n and_o belly_n and_o indeed_o each_o single_a feather_n the_o white_a intermediate_v space_n be_v broad_a than_o the_o russet_a line_n the_o feather_n under_o the_o chin_n and_o by_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o low_a mandible_a be_v white_a only_o their_o middle_a part_n about_o the_o shaft_n especial_o towards_o the_o tip_n brown_a or_o russet_a the_o wing_n when_o close_v scarce_o reach_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o flag-feather_n wing_n be_v twenty_o four_o in_o who_o under_o side_n appear_v on_o the_o interior_a web_n of_o each_o dark_a transverse_a mark_n or_o spot_n the_o tail_n be_v almost_o two_o palm_n long_o consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n have_v five_o or_o six_o train_z cross_a black_a bar_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v white_a the_o thigh_n be_v strong_a and_o fleshy_a as_o in_o all_o bird_n of_o prey_n the_o leg_n long_o slender_a yellow_a the_o toe_n also_o long_o the_o outmost_a toe_n as_o in_o other_o hawk_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a by_o a_o membrane_n below_o the_o talon_n black_a it_o lay_v about_o five_o white_a egg_n spot_v near_o the_o blunt_a end_n with_o a_o circle_n eggs._n as_o it_o be_v a_o coronet_n of_o blood-red_n speak_v it_o feed_v only_o upon_o bird_n as_o our_o fowler_n affirm_v never_o touch_v beetle_n or_o other_o food_n infect_v for_o its_o bigness_n it_o be_v a_o very_a bold_a and_o courageous_a bird_n and_o be_v frequent_o train_v up_o mettle_n and_o make_v for_o hawk_v bellonius_fw-la acquaint_v we_o with_o a_o common_a and_o familiar_a way_n of_o take_v this_o kind_n of_o constantinople_n hawk_n about_o the_o straight_a of_o propontis_n in_o these_o word_n not_o far_o distant_a say_v he_o from_o the_o outlet_n of_o the_o euxine_a sea_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o straight_a lead_n to_o the_o propontis_n have_v climb_v up_o a_o very_a high_a hill_n that_o be_v there_o by_o chance_n we_o find_v a_o fowler_n on_o the_o top_n intent_n upon_o the_o catch_n of_o sparrow-hawk_n whereas_o it_o be_v now_o past_a mid-april_n at_o which_o time_n all_o sort_n of_o bird_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v very_o busy_a in_o breed_v or_o build_v their_o nest_n it_o seem_v to_o we_o wonderful_a strange_a and_o unusual_a to_o see_v such_o a_o multitude_n of_o kite_n and_o hawk_n come_v fly_v from_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o fowler_n do_v with_o such_o industry_n and_o dexterity_n lie_v wait_v for_o they_o that_o not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o escape_v he_o he_o take_v at_o least_o twelve_o hawk_n every_o hour_n the_o manner_n thus_o he_o himself_o lay_v hide_v behind_o a_o little_a bushet_n before_o which_o he_o have_v level_v a_o square_a plat_n or_o floor_n about_o two_o pace_n long_o and_o broad_a be_v two_o or_o three_o pace_n distant_a from_o the_o bushet_n in_o the_o border_n of_o this_o floor_n he_o have_v pitch_v down_o or_o thrust_v into_o the_o ground_n six_o stake_n at_o due_a distance_n of_o about_o the_o thickness_n of_o one_o thumb_n the_o word_n be_v pollicis_n and_o may_v possible_o signify_v a_o inch-thick_a of_o a_o man_n height_n two_o on_o each_o side_n on_o the_o top_n of_o each_o on_o that_o side_n which_o respect_v the_o floor_n be_v a_o nick_n cut_v in_o upon_o which_o be_v hang_v a_o net_n make_v of_o fine_a green_a thread_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o floor_n stand_v a_o stake_n a_o cubit_n high_a to_o the_o top_n of_o which_o a_o cord_n be_v bind_v which_o reach_v as_o fas_fw-la as_o the_o fowler_n who_o lie_v behind_o the_o bushet_n to_o this_o same_o line_n lie_v loose_a be_v many_o little_a bird_n fasten_v which_o pick_v up_o grain_n of_o corn_n on_o the_o floor_n now_o when_o the_o fowler_n see_v a_o hawk_n come_v afar_o off_o from_o the_o sea-coast_n shake_v the_o line_n he_o make_v these_o bird_n to_o flicker_v up_o and_o down_o which_o the_o sparrow-hawk_n as_o they_o be_v notable_o sharp-sighted_a espy_v at_o least_o half_a a_o league_n off_o come_v fly_v full_a speed_n and_o rush_v upon_o the_o net_n with_o that_o force_n to_o strike_v at_o the_o bird_n that_o be_v entangle_v therein_o they_o be_v take_v the_o hawk_n be_v allure_v into_o the_o net_n and_o catch_v by_o this_o artifice_n the_o fowler_n thrust_v their_o whole_a wing_n up_o to_o the_o shoulder_n into_o certain_a linen_n clothes_n sow_v up_o for_o that_o purpose_n which_o our_o falconer_n call_v mayl_v or_o truss_v of_o hawk_n thus_o mayld_v or_o trust_v up_o he_o leave_v they_o upon_o the_o ground_n so_o unable_a to_o help_v themselves_o that_o they_o can_v not_o stir_v nor_o struggle_v much_o less_o disengage_v or_o deliver_v themselves_o no_o man_n can_v easy_o
imagine_v whence_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o sparrow-hawk_n shall_v come_v for_o in_o two_o hour_n time_n that_o we_o be_v spectator_n of_o that_o sport_n we_o see_v more_o than_o thirty_o take_v by_o this_o deceit_n whence_o one_o may_v conjecture_v that_o one_o fowler_n in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o day_n may_v take_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o these_o hawk_n do_v not_o usual_o stay_v so_o long_o in_o one_o place_n as_o falcon_n but_o be_v often_o change_v place_n whence_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a to_o take_v they_o with_o a_o net_n for_o they_o will_v not_o ready_o give_v a_o fowler_n time_n to_o spread_v a_o net_n over_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v deceive_v in_o that_o manner_n bellonius_fw-la have_v set_v down_o chap._n xi_o of_o butcher-bird_n or_o shriek_n call_v in_o latin_a lanii_fw-la or_o colluriones_n the_o new_a name_n of_o lanius_n or_o butcher_n be_v by_o gesner_n impose_v on_o this_o bird_n because_o he_o think_v it_o agree_v to_o no_o description_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o because_o it_o be_v wont_n to_o prey_n on_o other_o bird_n bellonius_fw-la will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v the_o collurio_n of_o aristotle_n of_o the_o european_a rapacious_a bird_n it_o be_v the_o least_o have_v a_o straight_a bill_n only_o a_o little_a hook_a at_o the_o point_n a_o tail_n like_o that_o of_o a_o magpie_n viz._n with_o the_o outmost_a feather_n short_a the_o rest_n in_o order_n long_o to_o the_o middlemost_a whence_o the_o french_a do_v not_o without_o reason_n call_v it_o the_o grey_a pie_n turner_n suspect_v it_o to_o be_v the_o tyrannus_n of_o aristotle_n in_o english_a it_o be_v call_v a_o shriek_v §._o i._o the_o great_a butcher-bird_n or_o mattagess_n lanius_n cinereus_fw-la major_n this_o bird_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n be_v call_v wierangle_n a_o name_n it_o seem_v common_a name_n to_o we_o with_o the_o german_n who_o as_o gesner_n witness_v about_o strasburgh_n franckfort_n and_o elsewhere_o call_v it_o werkengel_n or_o warkangel_n perchance_o say_v he_o as_o it_o be_v wurchangel_n which_o literal_o render_v signify_v a_o suffocate_a angel_n in_o other_o part_n of_o germany_n it_o be_v call_v neghen-doer_n that_o be_v nine-killer_n enneactonos_fw-la because_o it_o kill_v nine_o bird_n before_o it_o cease_v or_o every_o day_n nine_o our_o falconer_n call_v it_o the_o mattagess_n a_o name_n borrow_v from_o the_o savoyard_n which_o be_v by_o aldrovandus_n interpret_v a_o murder_a pie._n it_o be_v for_o bigness_n equal_a to_o the_o common_a blackbird_n or_o the_o song-thrush_n it_o weigh_v three_o measure_n ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v more_o than_o ten_o inch_n its_o breadth_n fourteen_o inch_n it_o be_v bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n bill_n be_v above_o a_o inch_n long_o black_a hook_a at_o the_o end_n and_o furnish_v with_o a_o angle_n or_o tooth_n on_o each_o side_n like_o that_o of_o the_o kestrel_n sparrow-hawk_n and_o lesser_a bird_n of_o this_o kind_n aldrovandus_n affirm_v that_o his_o great_a italian_a lanius_n which_o they_o common_o call_v regestola_fw-la want_v these_o angular_a appendix_n of_o the_o bill_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o we_o the_o tongue_n be_v slit_v or_o fork_a at_o the_o end_n and_o rough_a in_o that_o describe_v by_o tongue_n aldrovandus_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v multifidous_a or_o jagged_a end_v in_o many_o sharp_a fibres_n as_o it_o be_v hair_n which_o perchance_o say_v he_o be_v so_o frame_v by_o nature_n for_o the_o strike_n of_o infect_v in_o the_o palate_n be_v a_o sissure_n or_o cleave_v and_o about_o the_o cleave_v a_o hollow_a cavity_n equal_a to_o the_o tongue_n the_o nostril_n be_v round_o above_o which_o grow_v stiff_o black_a hair_n or_o bristle_n from_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n on_o each_o side_n through_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o hind_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v draw_v a_o black_a stroke_n the_o head_n back_o and_o rump_n be_v colour_n ash-coloured_a the_o chin_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o breast_n and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o throat_n vary_v with_o dark_a transverse_a line_n it_o have_v in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o prime_a feather_n the_o tip_n of_o all_o which_o except_v the_o wing_n four_o outmost_a be_v white_a the_o second_o and_o three_o have_v also_o their_o exterior_a edge_n white_a moreover_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a feather_n begin_v to_o be_v white_a at_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o ten_o the_o white_a part_n increase_v so_o that_o more_o than_o the_o low_a half_o of_o the_o ten_o feather_n be_v white_a from_o the_o ten_o in_o the_o follow_a feather_n the_o white_a diminish_v again_o yet_o in_o their_o interior_a edge_n it_o run_v up_o to_o the_o top_n in_o the_o last_o that_o be_v those_o next_o to_o the_o body_n it_o fail_v quite_o else_o both_o the_o beam-feather_n and_o the_o first_o row_n of_o covert-feather_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n be_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o middlemost_a be_v the_o long_a tail_n by_o measure_n four_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n the_o rest_n in_o order_n short_a to_o the_o outmost_a which_o be_v but_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v all_o over_o white_a the_o two_o middlemost_a have_v only_o their_o tip_n white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a in_o the_o intermediate_v feather_n the_o black_a part_n gradual_o diminish_v to_o the_o outmost_a whence_o say_v aldrovandus_n when_o it_o fly_v the_o white_a part_n of_o the_o tail_n show_v like_o a_o crescent_n in_o the_o great_a lanius_n of_o aldrovandus_n the_o four_o middle-feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v whole_o black_a and_o not_o two_o only_o the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v black_a the_o outmost_a toe_n at_o the_o bottom_n join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a foot_n the_o testicle_n be_v round_o and_o little_a that_o we_o dissect_v have_v in_o the_o stomach_n caterpillar_n food_n beetle_n and_o grasshopper_n in_o germany_n between_o heidelberg_n and_o strasburgh_n about_o a_o village_n call_v linkenom_n place_n we_o kill_v this_o bird_n it_o be_v also_o common_a elsewhere_o in_o germany_n moreover_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o england_n as_o for_o instance_n in_o the_o peak_n of_o derbyshire_n where_o as_o we_o say_v it_o be_v call_v wierangel_n gesner_n report_v that_o the_o lanii_fw-la of_o switzerland_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n haunt_v and_o abide_v among_o thorny_a shrub_n sit_v upon_o the_o high_a twig_n of_o dwarf-tree_n and_o bush_n set_v up_o their_o tail_n as_o they_o sit_v in_o they_o also_o they_o build_v make_v their_o nest_n of_o moss_n wool_n and_o certain_a downy_a herb_n but_o the_o bottom_n thereof_o of_o heath_n upon_o which_o they_o lie_v withinside_o the_o soft_a and_o tender_a stalk_n of_o hay_n doggs-tooth_n and_o other_o like_a herb_n in_o this_o nest_n in_o summer_n time_n be_v to_o be_v find_v six_o young_a so_o unlike_a to_o the_o old_a one_o that_o they_o scarce_o resemble_v they_o in_o one_o mark_n their_o bill_n leg_n and_o foot_n only_o except_v yea_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o bottom_n of_o all_o their_o downy_a feather_n which_o be_v as_o yet_o nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a rudiment_n of_o their_o future_a plumage_n incline_v somewhat_o to_o green_a although_o it_o do_v most_o common_o feed_v upon_o infect_v yet_o do_v it_o often_o set_v upon_o and_o kill_v not_o only_o small_a bird_n as_o finche_n wren_n etc._n etc._n but_o which_o turner_n affirm_v himself_o to_o have_v see_v even_o thrush_n themselves_o whence_o it_o be_v wont_n by_o our_o falconer_n to_o be_v reclaim_v and_o make_v for_o to_o fly_v small_a bird_n as_o we_o have_v before_o note_v gesner_n beside_o this_o we_o have_v describe_v set_v forth_o another_o sort_n of_o great_a butcher-bird_n gesner_n like_v to_o this_o but_o twice_o as_o big_a so_o that_o it_o be_v double_a the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o blackbird_n it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n shape_n of_o body_n and_o colour_n except_o that_o the_o wing_n be_v red_a §._o ii_o the_o lesser_a butcher-bird_n call_v in_o yorkshire_n flusher_n lanius_n tertius_fw-la aldrov_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n and_o have_v a_o great_a head_n the_o cock_n weigh_v two_o measure_n ounce_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n but_o six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n spread_v twelve_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a the_o bill_n be_v a_o inch_n long_o black_a and_o strong_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o upper_a chap_n hook_v near_o
round_o the_o world_n with_o falsehood_n and_o lie_v because_o after_o his_o return_n from_o that_o long_a voyage_n give_v the_o first_o notice_n of_o this_o bird_n to_o the_o europaean_n in_o the_o diary_n of_o his_o travel_n he_o attribute_n to_o it_o slender_a leg_n a_o hand-breadth_n palm_n long_o for_o my_o part_n though_o hitherto_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v be_v in_o the_o same_o erroneous_a opinion_n with_o they_o in_o think_v these_o bird_n to_o be_v footless_a contrary_a to_o the_o sentence_n and_o judgement_n of_o aristotle_n who_o affirm_v that_o no_o bird_n want_v foot_n because_o those_o which_o i_o happen_v to_o see_v both_o in_o my_o spanish_a voyage_n stop_v two_o month_n at_o lisbon_n and_o also_o in_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o cabinet_n of_o sundry_a person_n delight_v in_o such_o exotic_a thing_n be_v all_o without_o foot_n and_o exenterate_v yet_o at_o that_o time_n to_o say_v the_o truth_n i_o be_v not_o at_o all_o curious_a in_o observe_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n between_o they_o but_o the_o last_o voyage_n of_o the_o hollander_n into_o india_n have_v make_v i_o without_o difficulty_n to_o change_v my_o opinion_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o bring_v over_o entire_a and_o retain_v still_o their_o leg_n and_o foot_n and_o by_o those_o who_o see_v they_o i_o understand_v that_o their_o leg_n be_v very_o like_o those_o of_o a_o magpie_n but_o weak_a and_o not_o so_o thick_a differ_v also_o in_o colour_n as_o not_o be_v black_a but_o tend_v to_o a_o chestnut_n notwithstanding_o i_o have_v a_o great_a desire_n myself_o to_o see_v they_o and_o if_o i_o can_v have_v get_v but_o one_o present_o to_o have_v take_v a_o draught_n thereof_o that_o i_o may_v expose_v it_o to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o confirm_v the_o truth_n and_o faithfulness_n of_o pigafeta_n but_o they_o have_v be_v for_o their_o rarity_n present_o buy_v up_o and_o carry_v away_o to_o francfurt_n on_o the_o main_n and_o one_o 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indispose_v the_o rest_n avoid_v that_o water_n and_o fly_v away_o to_o seek_v out_o some_o other_o they_o further_o add_v that_o the_o islander_n be_v wont_a to_o taint_v and_o infect_v this_o water_n for_o to_o catch_v these_o bird_n after_o this_o manner_n when_o they_o espy_v a_o flock_n of_o bird_n they_o mark_v diligent_o whither_o they_o betake_v themselves_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o see_v the_o bird_n that_o be_v send_v out_o after_o it_o have_v drink_v fly_v back_o again_o they_o present_o cast_v poison_n into_o that_o water_n which_o the_o whole_a flock_n come_v to_o drink_v of_o be_v infect_v and_o become_v their_o prey_n beside_o that_o these_o bird_n be_v wont_n sometime_o to_o be_v shoot_v with_o arrow_n and_o if_o their_o king_n happen_v to_o be_v kill_v and_o fall_v down_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v in_o that_o flock_n fall_v together_o with_o he_o and_o yield_v themselves_o to_o be_v take_v as_o refuse_v to_o live_v after_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o king_n 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mariner_n how_o they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n answer_v boëre_n that_o be_v bird_n for_o so_o they_o call_v all_o bird_n neither_o do_v they_o know_v how_o to_o distinguish_v they_o by_o peculiar_a name_n now_o have_v see_v a_o very_a elegant_a bird_n of_o the_o great_a sort_n and_o big_a also_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o house_n of_o the_o famous_a peter_n paroias_n doctor_n of_o physic_n and_o primary_n professor_n in_o the_o university_n of_o leyden_n i_o take_v care_n to_o get_v the_o figure_n thereof_o cut_v that_o i_o may_v set_v it_o forth_o subjoyn_v a_o short_a history_n as_o faithful_o take_v as_o i_o can_v which_o shall_v by_o right_n have_v take_v up_o the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o five_o book_n of_o exotic_n but_o see_v the_o six_o first_o book_n be_v already_o print_v off_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o insert_v it_o with_o some_o other_o thing_n i_o afterward_o get_v into_o this_o auctarium_fw-la §._o ix_o *_o a_o bird_n of_o paradise_n 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consist_v of_o ten_o pretty_a broad_a feather_n and_o be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a above_o which_o be_v two_o long_a and_o round_a feather_n somewhat_o like_a to_o bowstring_n or_o shoemaker_n thread_n but_o stiff_o and_o dusky_a of_o two_o foot_n and_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n length_n proceed_v from_o the_o same_o original_n or_o root_n or_o ground_n viz._n the_o rump_n with_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n viz._n be_v together_o joint_o insert_v into_o the_o rump_n these_o be_v pretty_a thick_a at_o their_o rise_n about_o their_o quill_n or_o hollow_a part_n from_o which_o they_o be_v set_v with_o frequent_a thick-standing_a hairy_a or_o downy_a thrum_n stamina_fw-la such_o as_o other_o feather_n be_v compound_v of_o for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o inch_n or_o a_o little_a more_o on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o on_o the_o other_o for_o their_o three_o part_n thence_o they_o grow_v slendere_a by_o degree_n to_o their_o very_a end_n and_o though_o they_o be_v destitute_a of_o those_o hair_n yet_o be_v they_o rough_a as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v cut_v off_o the_o feather_n in_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o various_a length_n for_o some_o to_o wit_n the_o low_a which_o stand_v very_o thick_a exceed_v not_o the_o length_n of_o six_o inch_n yea_o some_o be_v short_a than_o so_o other_o be_v eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n long_o other_o twelve_z but_o the_o long_a a_o foot_n and_o half_a there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o great_a variety_n of_o colour_n for_o some_o be_v of_o a_o shine_a golden_a colour_n some_o especial_o the_o narrow_a in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a red_a as_o it_o be_v a_o black_a sanguine_fw-la but_o shine_v but_o those_o that_o cover_v the_o rest_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n and_o their_o side_n thinner-set_a with_o villose_a or_o downy_a thread_n in_o short_a they_o be_v all_o very_a beautiful_a which_o if_o i_o may_v i_o will_v willing_o have_v get_v cut_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o table_n but_o 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of_o care_n and_o toil_n brood_v feed_v and_o cherish_v the_o young_a cuckoo_n for_o her_o own_o until_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o and_o able_a to_o fly_v and_o shift_v for_o itself_o which_o thing_n seem_v so_o strange_a monstrous_a and_o absurd_a that_o for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v sufficient_o wonder_v there_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o example_n in_o nature_n nor_o can_v i_o have_v ever_o be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n have_v be_v do_v by_o nature_n instinct_n have_v i_o not_o with_o my_o own_o eye_n see_v it_o for_o nature_n in_o other_o thing_n be_v wont_n constant_o to_o observe_v one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n and_o order_n agreeable_a to_o the_o high_a reason_n and_o prudence_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o the_o dam_n make_v nest_n for_o themselves_o if_o need_v be_v sit_v upon_o their_o own_o egg_n and_o bring_v up_o their_o young_a after_o they_o be_v hatch_v what_o become_v of_o the_o cuckoo_n in_o the_o wintertime_n whether_o hide_v herself_o in_o 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it_o moult_v its_o feather_n we_o also_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o like_a story_n in_o england_n and_o have_v know_v some_o who_o have_v affirm_v themselves_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o winter_n in_o a_o more_o than_o usual_o mild_a and_o warm_a season_n to_o have_v hear_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o cuckoo_n but_o see_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o many_o sort_n of_o bird_n do_v at_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n shift_v place_n and_o depart_v into_o other_o country_n as_o for_o example_n quail_n woodcock_n fieldfare_n stork_n etc._n etc._n why_o may_v not_o cuckoo_n also_o do_v the_o same_o for_o my_o part_n i_o never_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o credible_a person_n that_o dare_v affirm_v that_o himself_o have_v find_v or_o see_v a_o cuckoo_n in_o wintertime_n take_v out_o of_o a_o hollow_a tree_n or_o any_o other_o lurking-place_n since_o the_o write_n of_o this_o reading_z jo._n faber_n his_o exposition_n of_o the_o picture_n of_o some_o mexican_n animal_n of_o nardi_n antonio_n recchi_n i_o find_v allege_v the_o testimony_n of_o a_o credible_a person_n and_o a_o eye-witness_n one_o theophilus_n molitor_n a_o friend_n of_o faber_n for_o this_o lurk_a of_o cuckoo_n in_o hollow_a tree_n molitor_n affirm_v this_o to_o have_v happen_v at_o his_o father_n house_n his_o grandfather_n servant_n have_v stock_v up_o in_o a_o certain_a meadow_n some_o old_a dry_a rot_a willow_n and_o bring_v they_o home_o and_o cast_v the_o head_n of_o two_o of_o they_o into_o the_o furnace_n to_o heat_v the_o stove_n hear_v as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o stove_n a_o cuckoo_n sing_v three_o time_n wonder_v at_o this_o cry_n of_o the_o cuckoo_n in_o the_o wintertime_n out_o they_o go_v and_o draw_v the_o head_n of_o the_o willow_n out_o of_o the_o furnace_n in_o the_o one_o of_o they_o they_o observe_v something_o move_v wherefore_o take_v a_o axe_n they_o open_v the_o hole_n and_o thrust_v in_o their_o hand_n first_o they_o pluck_v out_o nothing_o but_o mere_a feather_n afterwards_o they_o get_v hold_v of_o a_o live_a animal_n that_o be_v the_o very_a cuckoo_n and_o draw_v it_o out_o it_o be_v indeed_o brisk_a and_o lively_a but_o whole_o naked_a and_o bare_a of_o feather_n and_o without_o any_o winter-provision_n of_o food_n which_o cuckoo_n the_o boy_n keep_v two_o whole_a year_n in_o the_o stove_n *_o aldrovandus_fw-la his_o first_o sort_n of_o cuckoo_n this_o differ_v in_o many_o respect_n from_o the_o precedent_n as_o first_o in_o that_o the_o transverse_a line_n on_o the_o breast_n be_v not_o continue_v but_o interrupt_v second_o in_o that_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o neck_n back_o and_o wing_n be_v almost_o all_o particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o ferrugineous_a three_o the_o remiges_fw-la elsewhere_o black_a in_o the_o middle_n and_o round_a the_o edge_n white_a four_o the_o tail_n variegated_a with_o three_o colour_n black_a white_z and_o ferrugineous_a the_o black_a in_o each_o feather_n consist_v of_o two_o line_n concur_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o feather_n in_o a_o acute_a angle_n and_o stand_v at_o equal_a distance_n in_o a_o certain_a series_n or_o order_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o ferrugineous_a take_v up_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o intermediate_v space_n and_o the_o white_a the_o middle_n lib_fw-la i._o part_n i._o sect_n ii_o of_o nocturnal_a rapacious_a bird_n rapacious_a nocturnal_a bird_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n viz._n ear_a or_o horn_a and_o such_o as_o want_v ear_n to_o these_o we_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o goat-sucker_n which_o yet_o we_o believe_v not_o to_o be_v rapacious_a but_o to_o have_v itself_o so_o to_o owl_n as_o the_o cuckoo_n to_o hawk_n of_o rapacious_a nocturnal_a bird_n we_o have_v in_o england_n four_o sort_n beside_o the_o goat-sucker_n 1._o the_o horn-owl_n in_o latin_a otus_n or_o asio_fw-la so_o call_v from_o certain_a small_a feather_n stick_v out_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o head_n in_o form_n of_o horn_n or_o ear_n 2._o the_o white-owl_n call_v also_o the_o church-owl_n or_o barn-owl_n by_o aldrovandus_fw-la aluco_fw-la minor_fw-la 3._o the_o brown_a owl_n screech-owl_n or_o ivy-owl_n strix_n aldrovandi_fw-la 4._o the_o grey_a owl_n strix_n cinerea_fw-la chap._n i._o of_o rapacious_a nocturnal_a bird_n horn_v or_o ear_v §._o i._o *_o the_o great_a horn-owl_n or_o eagle-owl_n bubo_n of_o this_o bird_n aldrovandus_n give_v we_o three_o figure_n and_o three_o description_n which_o i_o suspect_v to_o be_v all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v take_v out_o of_o gesner_n the_o two_o last_o be_v compose_v by_o himself_o of_o his_o own_o observation_n the_o first_o they_o be_v gesner_n word_n be_v as_o big_a or_o big_a than_o a_o goose_n have_v great_a wing_n two_o foot_n and_o three_o inch_n long_o when_o extend_v in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o their_o beginning_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o long_a feather_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o uppermost_a bone_n of_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o low_a end_n be_v in_o a_o right_a line_n thirteen_o inch_n the_o head_n both_o for_o shape_n and_o bigness_n be_v like_o a_o cat_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o french_a do_v not_o improper_o call_v it_o chat_v huant_fw-fr q._n felis_fw-la gemebunda_fw-la above_o each_o ear_n stick_v out_o black_a feather_n three_o inch_n high_a the_o eye_n be_v great_a the_o feather_n about_o the_o rump_n thick_a and_o very_a soft_a of_o more_o than_o a_o finger_n length_n or_o a_o handful_n high_a if_o my_o memory_n fail_v i_o not_o from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n or_o of_o the_o tail_n for_o they_o be_v both_o equal_o extend_v it_o be_v two_o foot_n and_o seven_o inch_n long_o the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a shine_a yellow_a or_o saffron-colour_n the_o bill_n short_a black_a and_o hook_a the_o feather_n be_v put_v aside_o the_o ear-hole_n come_v into_o sight_n which_o be_v great_a and_o open_a on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o nostril_n grow_v hair-like_a feather_n as_o it_o be_v beard_n barbulae_fw-la the_o colour_n of_o the_o feather_n all_o over_o the_o body_n be_v various_a of_o whitish_a black_a and_o red_a spot_n the_o length_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v thirteen_o inch_n the_o part_n above_o the_o knee_n thick_a and_o brawny_a the_o claw_n black_a hook_a and_o very_o sharp_a the_o foot_n hairy_a or_o feather_v down_o to_o the_o very_a claw_n the_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a red_a 2._o the_o second_o say_v aldrovandus_n for_o bigness_n agree_v exact_o with_o this_o but_o differ_v in_o many_o other_o particular_n for_o though_o its_o foot_n be_v indeed_o hairy_a down_o to_o the_o claw_n as_o in_o that_o yet_o short_a and_o slendere_a neither_o so_o brawny_a above_o the_o knee_n nor_o so_o thick_a and_o strong-shanked_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o
the_o toe_n be_v dispose_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o other_o owl_n for_o the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n may_v be_v turn_v to_o stand_v backward_o and_o so_o imitate_v a_o hind-toe_n and_o perform_v the_o same_o office_n aldrovandus_n describe_v two_o sort_n of_o asio_fw-la or_o the_o lesser_a horn-owl_n the_o description_n of_o the_o former_a do_v in_o most_o particular_n agree_v to_o the_o bird_n we_o have_v describe_v see_v and_o compare_v both_o description_n bellonius_fw-la his_o otus_n be_v without_o doubt_v the_o same_o with_o we_o these_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n frequent_v and_o abide_v in_o mountainous_a place_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a our_o church-owl_n and_o brown_a owl_n etc._n etc._n delight_n in_o low_a and_o plain_a country_n §._o iii_o *_o the_o little_a horn-owl_n scops_n aldrovandi_fw-la the_o bird_n which_o the_o italian_n especial_o about_o bononia_n call_v chiwino_n be_v the_o least_o save_o one_o of_o all_o rapacious_a nocturnal_a bird_n big_a than_o a_o thrush_n and_o somewhat_o lesser_a than_o a_o pigeon_n full_o nine_o inch_n long_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o bubo_n only_o in_o magnitude_n and_o something_o in_o colour_n it_o be_v head_n be_v round_o like_o a_o ball_n cover_v with_o small_a soft_a feather_n all_o over_o of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o bill_n short_a hook_a and_o black_a the_o ear_n or_o feather_n stand_v up_o in_o fashion_n of_o ear_n scarce_o appear_v in_o a_o dead_a bird_n but_o be_v more_o manifest_a in_o a_o live_n and_o consist_v only_o of_o one_o feather_n apiece_o the_o chief_a colour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o far_o as_o appear_v to_o sight_n be_v cinereous_a have_v here_o and_o there_o something_o of_o plumbeous_a mingle_v with_o it_o curious_o speckle_v with_o many_o white_a spot_n more_o elegant_o than_o any_o other_o nocturnal_a rapacious_a bird_n in_o the_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n it_o be_v mark_v with_o transverse_a white_a spot_n all_o the_o other_o feather_n beside_o these_o transverse_a mark_n be_v distinguish_v long-way_n with_o a_o black_a line_n run_v through_o their_o middle_n it_o be_v also_o besprinkle_v all_o over_o with_o a_o lovely_a tincture_n of_o red_a especial_o about_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o feather_n on_o the_o belly_n be_v white_a than_o elsewhere_o the_o bottom_n or_o low_a part_n of_o they_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v black_a particular_o these_o be_v red_a about_o the_o middle_n else_o white_a powder_v with_o very_o small_a black_a speck_n the_o eye_n like_o most_o other_o night-bird_n of_o a_o fiery_a shine_a saffron_n colour_n the_o leg_n feather_v and_o of_o a_o red_a ash-colour_n the_o foot_n small_a naked_a scaly_a approach_v to_o a_o dark_a lead-colour_n divide_v into_o two_o fore_n and_o two_o back-toe_n arm_v with_o dusky_a claw_n this_o be_v common_a in_o italy_n of_o this_o sort_n aldrovandus_n mention_n another_o find_v in_o germany_n white_a and_o have_v a_o long_a tail_n and_o long_a ear_n or_o horn_n than_o the_o italian_a chiwino_n in_o other_o respect_n like_o chap._n ii_o of_o nocturnal_a rapacious_a bird_n without_o ear_n or_o horn_n §._o i._o the_o common_a brown_a or_o ivy-owl_n strix_n aldrov_n the_o bird_n we_o describe_v be_v a_o cock_n it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pigeon_n but_o rounder-bodied_n and_o seem_v big_a than_o it_o be_v it_o weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v fourteen_o inch_n its_o breadth_n or_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v two_o foot_n and_o nine_o inch_n the_o bill_n from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v a_o inch_n long_a or_o more_o of_o a_o horn-colour_n or_o rather_o a_o light_n blue_a the_o mouth_n be_v wide_a but_o the_o bill_n short_a than_o in_o the_o barn-owl_n the_o tongue_n not_o very_o fleshy_a nor_o broad_a a_o little_a divide_v at_o the_o tip_n eye_n in_o the_o palate_n be_v a_o cavity_n equal_a to_o the_o tongue_n it_o have_v huge_a eye_n at_o least_o twice_o so_o big_a as_o those_o of_o the_o barn_n or_o white_a owl_n and_o protuberant_a it_o have_v membrane_n for_o nictation_n draw_v from_o above_o downward_o have_v black_a edge_n the_o border_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v broad_a than_o ordinary_a and_o their_o edge_n red_a the_o ear-hole_n be_v ear_n three_o time_n as_o great_a as_o in_o the_o white_a owl_n and_o cover_v with_o valve_n a_o circle_n of_o feather_n encompass_n the_o eye_n and_o chin_n like_o a_o woman_n hood_n as_o in_o the_o barn-owl_n but_o face_n not_o stand_v up_o so_o high_a as_o in_o that_o this_o circle_n or_o hood_n consist_v of_o a_o double_a row_n of_o feather_n the_o exterior_a more_o rigid_a variegated_a with_o white_a black_a and_o red_a the_o interior_a consist_v of_o soft_a feather_n of_o a_o white_a mingle_v with_o a_o flame-colour_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o head_n without_o the_o hood_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a the_o exterior_a circle_n of_o the_o hood_n compass_n the_o ear_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o interior_a feather_n of_o it_o where_o it_o pass_v the_o ear_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o cover_v of_o the_o ear_n the_o eye_n in_o this_o bird_n be_v near_o to_o the_o ear_n than_o in_o any_o other_o animal_n i_o know_v beyond_o the_o nostril_n and_o below_o the_o eye_n grow_v bristly_a feather_n have_v black_a shaft_n the_o back_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o side_n body_n be_v particoloured_a of_o ferrugineous_a and_o dark_a brown_a the_o black_a take_v up_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o feather_n and_o the_o ferrugineous_a the_o outside_n if_o one_o curious_o view_v and_o observe_v each_o single_a feather_n one_o shall_v find_v they_o wave_v with_o transverse_a line_n cinereous_a and_o brown_a alternate_o succeed_v each_o other_o the_o belly_n and_o low_a side_n of_o underside_n the_o body_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n but_o more_o dilute_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o white_a the_o bottom_n of_o all_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a in_o this_o and_o other_o owl_n the_o feather_n invest_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v long_o or_o tall_a than_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n so_o that_o the_o bird_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o big_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v the_o foot_n be_v cover_v almost_o down_o to_o the_o claw_n with_o a_o thick_a dirty-white_a plumage_n sprinkle_v with_o small_a dark_a speck_n rather_o wave_v with_o dark_a line_n only_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o annulary_a scale_n bare_a the_o number_n of_o flag-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o four_o the_o exterior_a pinnulae_fw-la wing-feather_n web_n of_o the_o outmost_a whereof_o be_v terminate_v in_o slender_a point_n like_o bristle_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o stand_v like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o fine_a comb._n the_o wing_n and_o tail-feather_n be_v mark_v with_o six_o or_o seven_o cross_a bar_n of_o a_o dirty_a white_a tinct_a in_o some_o with_o ferrugineous_a and_o in_o some_o with_o brown_a the_o wing_n complicate_v fall_v very_o much_o short_a of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n chief_o those_o about_o the_o middle_n and_o those_o long_a one_o spring_v from_o the_o shoulder_n be_v spot_v with_o white_a especial_o their_o interior_a vane_n the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o middlemost_a tail_n be_v the_o long_a the_o rest_n in_o order_n short_a to_o the_o outmost_a all_o end_n in_o sharp_a point_n whereas_o in_o those_o of_o the_o barn-owl_n the_o top_n be_v blunt_a the_o sole_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v callous_a of_o a_o horny_a or_o blackish_a colour_n that_o of_o the_o middle-toe_n claw_n have_v not_o the_o inner_a edge_n serrate_v as_o in_o the_o white_a owl_n all_o the_o toe_n be_v separate_v to_o the_o very_a divarication_n the_o outmost_a of_o the_o fore-toe_n be_v make_v to_o turn_v also_o backward_o and_o supply_v the_o room_n of_o a_o back-toe_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o gut_n be_v thirty_o inch_n long_o and_o have_v many_o revolution_n the_o blind_a gut_n entrail_n be_v five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a towards_o their_o end_n tumid_a and_o full_a of_o excrement_n the_o liver_n divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n it_o have_v a_o large_a gall_n great_a black_a testicle_n the_o stomach_n seem_v to_o be_v more_o fleshy_a than_o in_o other_o carnivorous_a bird_n and_o above_o it_o a_o granulated_a echinus_n or_o ante-stomach_n in_o the_o stomach_n we_o find_v the_o fur_n of_o mouse_n it_o differ_v remarkable_o from_o the_o white_a owl_n in_o that_o the_o extreme_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n owl_n be_v little_a and_o at_o least_o a_o hand-breadth_n short_a than_o the_o
colour_n partly_o distinguish_v with_o white_a through_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n especial_o the_o prime_a feather_n it_o have_v broad_a transverse_a line_n or_o bar_n of_o a_o chestnut_n colour_n on_o the_o belly_n it_o have_v line_n or_o spot_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n draw_v longways_o but_o invert_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o space_n or_o ground_n the_o herald_n call_v it_o the_o field_n be_v white_a the_o wing_n when_o withdraw_v and_o close_v reach_n as_o far_o as_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n be_v feather_v and_o rough_a down_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o colour_n compound_v of_o cinereous_a and_o chesnut_n the_o toe_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a bare_a of_o feather_n two_o stand_v each_o way_n the_o claw_n black_a sharp_a and_o crooked_a *_o the_o stone-owl_n another_o sort_n of_o noctua_n or_o perchance_o the_o same_o with_o the_o precedent_n this_o say_v he_o which_o the_o german_n call_v steinkutz_n that_o be_v stone-owl_n be_v also_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o dove_n have_v the_o leg_n and_o toe_n rough_a with_o white_a feather_n but_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v bare_a the_o claw_n black_a and_o hook_a the_o colour_n all_o over_o the_o prone_a or_o nether_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v a_o dark_a brown_a with_o a_o sleight_n mixture_n of_o red_a daple_v with_o whitish_a spot_n the_o head_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n very_o great_a the_o eye_n large_a the_o bill_n short_a and_o like_o a_o eagle_n in_o the_o dead_a bird_n the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v red_a which_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v so_o before_o while_o it_o be_v live_v between_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o bill_n grow_v certain_a stiff_a slender_a feather_n like_o bristle_n or_o beard_n it_o have_v more_o white_a on_o the_o belly_n than_o the_o other_o part_n i_o suppose_v it_o live_v and_o frequent_v chief_o in_o mountainous_a and_o rocky_a place_n and_o therefore_o to_o defend_v the_o cold_a have_v its_o foot_n and_o toe_n feather_v like_o the_o lagopus_n and_o grygallus_n for_o the_o other_o noctuae_fw-la have_v not_o their_o foot_n rough_a neither_o be_v they_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n they_o seem_v to_o be_v less_o brisk_a and_o lively_a than_o our_o italian_a noctuae_fw-la and_o almost_o blind_a in_o the_o day_n time_n §._o viii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n noctua_n call_v cabure_v by_o marggrav_n it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o throstle_n have_v a_o round_a head_n a_o short_a hook_a yellowish_a bill_n two_o nostril_n fair_a great_a round_o yellow_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n under_o the_o eye_n and_o on_o each_o side_n the_o bill_n it_o have_v many_o long_a dusky_a hair_n the_o leg_n be_v short_a whole_o clothe_v with_o feather_n yellow_a as_o be_v also_o the_o foot_n which_o be_v cleave_v into_o four_o toe_n stand_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n arm_v with_o semicircular_a crooked_a sharp_a talon_n the_o tail_n broad_a nigh_o the_o rise_v whereof_o the_o wing_n end_n in_o the_o head_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n it_o be_v of_o a_o dilute_a umber_n colour_n and_o variegated_a in_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n with_o very_o small_a in_o the_o wing_n with_o great_a white_a spot_n the_o tail_n be_v wave_v with_o white_a the_o breast_n and_o low_a belly_n be_v white_a and_o variegated_a with_o spot_n of_o a_o dilute_a umber_n colour_n it_o be_v easy_o make_v tame_a it_o can_v so_o turn_v about_o its_o neck_n that_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o beak_n shall_v exact_o point_v at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n it_o play_v with_o man_n like_o a_o ape_n make_v many_o mow_v and_o antic_a mimical_a face_n and_o snap_v with_o its_o bill_n beside_o it_o can_v set_v up_o feather_n on_o the_o side_n of_o its_o head_n that_o represent_v horn_n or_o ear_n it_o live_v upon_o raw_a flesh_n chap._n iii_o §._o i._o the_o fern-owl_n or_o churn-owl_n or_o goat-sucker_n caprimulgus_fw-la it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v between_o ten_o and_o eleven_o inch_n mouth_n its_o head_n great_a but_o much_o lesser_a than_o in_o the_o owl-kind_n its_o bill_n in_o proportion_n to_o its_o body_n the_o least_o of_o all_o bird_n and_o a_o little_a crooked_a it_o have_v a_o huge_a wide_a mouth_n and_o swallow_v in_o palato_fw-la appendix_n nullae_fw-la sed_fw-la primùm_fw-la long_fw-mi fissura_fw-la fundo_fw-la tenui_fw-la ossiculo_fw-la seu_fw-la septo_fw-la per_fw-la medium_n diviso_fw-la insra_fw-la eam_fw-la fissuram_fw-la alia_fw-la latior_fw-la &_o brevior_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la huius_fw-la fundum_fw-la linea_fw-la appendicum_fw-la transversa_fw-la these_o word_n i_o do_v not_o well_o understand_v and_o therefore_o have_v not_o put_v they_o into_o english_a on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o also_o under_o the_o chin_n it_o have_v stiff_o black_a hair_n like_o bristle_n the_o under_o side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v paint_v with_o black_a and_o pale-red_n line_n transverse_a colour_n but_o not_o continue_v the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o middle_a of_o each_o feather_n be_v black_a which_o colour_n also_o reach_v low_o down_o the_o back_n the_o wing_n be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o red_a the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n wing_n be_v some_o of_o they_o powder_v with_o cinereous_a the_o tail_n near_o five_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o ten_o feather_n the_o outmost_a whereof_o be_v something_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o middlemost_a tail_n ash-coloured_a with_o very_o narrow_a transverse_a black_a bar_n in_o the_o rest_n the_o cross_a bar_n be_v broad_a and_o the_o intermediate_v space_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n powder_v with_o black_a and_o a_o little_a tinctured_a with_o red_a the_o leg_n be_v very_o small_a in_o proportion_n feather_v on_o the_o fore-side_n half_a way_n but_o claw_n the_o feather_n hang_v down_o almost_o to_o the_o toe_n the_o toe_n be_v blackish_a and_o the_o claw_n black_a and_o little_a the_o middlemost_a toe_n the_o long_a the_o inner_a and_o outer_a short_a but_o equal_a to_o one_o another_o and_o join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a by_o a_o membrane_n from_o the_o divarication_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o interior_a edge_n of_o the_o middle_a claw_n be_v serrate_v as_o in_o heron_n the_o back-toe_n if_o it_o may_v be_v so_o call_v stand_v like_o one_o of_o the_o fore-toe_n be_v scarce_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o in_o the_o stomach_n it_o have_v some_o seed_n and_o beetle_n the_o egg_n be_v long_o and_o white_a but_o a_o little_a cloud_v and_o spot_v with_o black_a eggs._n it_o be_v a_o very_a beautiful_a bird_n for_o colour_n more_o like_a to_o a_o cuckoo_n than_o a_o owl_n and_o it_o be_v easy_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o bird_n by_o the_o structure_n of_o its_o bill_n and_o foot_n in_o another_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n perchance_o differ_v only_o in_o age_n or_o sex_n the_o three_o first_o or_o outmost_a great_a wing-feather_n have_v a_o large_a white_a spot_n in_o their_o interior_a vane_n which_o in_o the_o three_o feather_n reach_v also_o to_o the_o exterior_a the_o tip_n also_o of_o the_o two_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v spot_v with_o white_a there_o be_v some_o show_n of_o these_o spot_n of_o a_o pale_a yellowish_a colour_n in_o the_o first_o describe_v it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o mountainous_a wood_n especial_o in_o many_o place_n of_o england_n as_o in_o yorkshire_n derbyshire_n shrop-shire_n etc._n etc._n §._o ii_o *_o the_o american_n goat-sucker_n call_v ibijau_n by_o the_o brasilian_n noitibo_n by_o the_o portague_n marggrav_fw-mi this_o be_v a_o small_a bird_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swallow_n have_v a_o broad_a flat_a head_n great_a lovely_a black_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a shine_a pupil_n of_o a_o elliptical_a figure_n outward_o a_o circle_n or_o ring_n of_o yellowish_a white_a compass_n the_o eye_n it_o have_v a_o very_a little_a bill_n not_o exceed_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o arantus_n shrew-mouse_n and_o not_o so_o long_o yet_o have_v it_o patent_n nostril_n in_o the_o bill_n a_o exceed_a wide_a mouth_n which_o when_o shut_v can_v be_v see_v but_o when_o she_o open_v her_o bill_n appear_v slit_v up_o to_o the_o eye_n so_o that_o it_o be_v almost_o a_o inch_n wide_a it_o have_v a_o very_a little_a tongue_n white_a leg_n and_o small_a for_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o body_n scarce_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o four_o toe_n in_o the_o foot_n three_o stand_v forward_o and_o one_o backward_o arm_v with_o black_a crooked_a claw_n along_o the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n of_o each_o foot_n on_o the_o inside_n it_o have_v as_o it_o be_v a_o fin_n much_o jagged_a or_o tooth_a so_o that_o the_o claw_n seem_v feather_v in_o a_o manner_n on_o the_o inside_n but_o there_o be_v no_o feather_n on_o it_o
the_o western_a coast_n of_o england_n about_o the_o cliff_n and_o rock_n near_o the_o sea_n its_o voice_n be_v like_a that_o of_o the_o common_a jackdaw_n but_o more_o hoarse_a aldrovandus_n will_v needs_o have_v the_o pyrrhocorax_n to_o be_v a_o different_a bird_n from_o the_o coracias_fw-la same_o follow_v therein_o aristotle_n bellonius_fw-la make_v these_o name_n synonyma_fw-la of_o the_o same_o bird_n we_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o bird_n as_o aldrovandus_n describe_v v._n g._n less_o than_o a_o crow_n equal_a to_o a_o jackdaw_n have_v yellow_a bill_n and_o foot_n it_o be_v distinct_a from_o our_o chough_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o bird_n frequent_a on_o our_o western_a shore_n and_o common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o cornish_a chough_n be_v that_o which_o bellonius_fw-la and_o turner_n make_v to_o be_v the_o pyrrhocorax_n and_o have_v red_a leg_n and_o foot_n wherefore_o i_o take_v the_o coracias_n and_o pyrrhocorax_n of_o gesner_n and_o aldrovandus_n to_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o bird_n notwithstanding_o the_o bill_n and_o leg_n in_o this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v yellow_a which_o perchance_o may_v be_v so_o in_o the_o coracias_fw-la or_o chough_n when_o young_a §._o vii_o bontius_n his_o indian_a raven_n there_o be_v a_o strange_a kind_n of_o raven_n in_o the_o molucca_n island_n and_o especial_o in_o banda_n which_o resemble_v our_o country_n raven_n in_o the_o bill_n but_o in_o the_o temple_n be_v colour_v like_o those_o kind_n meleagrides_n which_o the_o low_a dutch_a call_v kalcoutse_n hanen_n it_o have_v a_o great_a thick_a bill_n a_o little_a point_a and_o make_v for_o rapine_n wide_a nostril_n great_a black_a ill-favoured_a eye_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n long_o decent_o cover_v or_o adorn_v with_o blackish_a feather_n its_o foot_n and_o toe_n strong_a arm_v with_o long_a crooked_a and_o very_o hard_a or_o solid_a claw_n it_o walk_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o raven_n but_o differ_v from_o it_o in_o nature_n and_o disposition_n in_o that_o it_o feed_v not_o upon_o carrion_n or_o dead_a carcase_n but_o chief_o upon_o nutmeg_n of_o which_o it_o be_v very_o greedy_a make_v great_a destruction_n of_o that_o fruit_n to_o the_o no_o small_a detriment_n of_o the_o owner_n it_o be_v flesh_n be_v very_o delicate_a and_o be_v roast_v have_v a_o plain_a aromatical_a relish_n contract_v from_o its_o food_n §._o viii_o aldrov_n the_o horn_a indian_a raven_n or_o topau_n call_v the_o rhinocerot_n bird._n this_o horn_a bird_n as_o it_o cast_v a_o strong_a smell_n so_o it_o have_v a_o foul_a look_n much_o exceed_v the_o european_a raven_n in_o bigness_n it_o have_v a_o thick_a head_n and_o neck_n great_a eye_n the_o bill_n but_o moderate_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n the_o long_a and_o more_o acuminate_v part_n bend_v downward_o argue_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v make_v and_o design_v for_o rapine_n but_o the_o upper_a part_n which_o be_v short_a thick_a and_o bend_v upward_o do_v resemble_v a_o true_a horn_n both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o touch_v the_o one_o moiety_n whereof_o viz._n that_o towards_o the_o head_n be_v continuous_a contiguous_a to_o the_o bill_n so_o that_o both_o together_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n grow_v to_o or_o rather_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o head_n the_o other_o moiety_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o bill_n bend_v the_o contrary_a way_n viz._n upward_o so_o that_o together_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v like_o the_o fork_a tail_n of_o a_o fish_n it_o live_v upon_o carrion_n and_o garbage_n i._n e._n the_o carcase_n and_o entrail_n of_o animal_n aldrovandus_n describe_v the_o bill_n thus_o it_o be_v almost_o twenty_o eight_o inch_n long_o crooked_a not_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o rapacious_a bird_n but_o like_o a_o bow_n all_o the_o low_a part_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a or_o whitish_a yellow_a the_o upper_a part_n towards_o the_o head_n of_o a_o red_a or_o vermilion_n else_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o low_a the_o upper_a mandible_a only_o within_o be_v serrate_v or_o dent_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o pie_n toucan_n the_o horn_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o forehead_n and_o grow_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v of_o a_o great_a bulk_n so_o that_o near_o the_o forehead_n it_o be_v a_o palm_n broad_a not_o unlike_o the_o rhinocerots_n horn_n but_o crooked_a at_o the_o tip_n the_o colour_n both_o in_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n be_v vermilion_a in_o the_o middle_n yellow_a if_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o head_n i_o be_o of_o cardan_n and_o pliny_n opinion_n that_o this_o bird_n be_v big_a than_o a_o eagle_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o bill_n we_o have_v see_v three_o variety_n all_o which_o we_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v engrave_v and_o exhibit_v to_o the_o reader_n view_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o pie-kind_n §._o i._o the_o magpie_n or_o pianet_n pica_n varia_fw-la caudata_fw-la it_o weigh_v eight_o or_o nine_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o claw_n bill_n be_v twelve_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n eighteen_o the_o bill_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a black_a thick_a and_o strong_a the_o upper_a chap_n be_v somewhat_o crooked_a and_o sharp-pointed_a the_o tongue_n cleave_v at_o the_o end_n and_o blackish_a like_a to_o that_o tongue_n of_o a_o jay_n the_o side_n of_o the_o fissure_v of_o the_o palate_n rough_a with_o hair-like_a excrescency_n the_o nostril_n round_o and_o beset_v with_o reflect_a bristly_a hair_n except_v the_o whiteness_n nostril_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o wing_n and_o the_o length_n of_o the_o tail_n this_o bird_n be_v very_o like_o the_o jack-daw_n jackdaw_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a hazel_n colour_n in_o the_o nictate_a membrane_n be_v see_v a_o yellow_a spot_n the_o head_n neck_n throat_n back_o rump_n and_o low_a belly_n be_v of_o a_o black_a colour_n feather_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n near_o the_o rump_n be_v more_o dilute_a and_o incline_v to_o cinereous_a the_o breast_n and_o side_n be_v white_a as_o also_o the_o first_o joint_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o wing_n be_v small_a than_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o body_n will_v seem_v to_o require_v the_o tail_n and_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n glister_v with_o very_o beautiful_a colour_n but_o obscure_a of_o green_a purple_a and_o blue_a mingle_v only_o in_o the_o exterior_a vane_n the_o number_n of_o beam_n feather_n wing-feather_n be_v twenty_o of_o which_o the_o outmost_a be_v short_a by_o half_a than_o the_o second_o the_o second_o also_o short_a than_o the_o three_o and_o that_o than_o the_o four_o but_o not_o by_o a_o equal_a defect_n the_o four_o and_o five_o be_v the_o long_a of_o all_o the_o eleven_o foremost_a about_o their_o middle_a part_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o shaft_n be_v white_a the_o white_a part_n from_o the_o extreme_a feather_n gradual_o decrease_v till_o 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that_o we_o know_v 8._o to_o lay_v white_a eggs._n whether_o all_o these_o mark_n agree_v to_o those_o american_n bird_n which_o we_o have_v rank_v under_o this_o head_n we_o know_v not_o we_o have_v refer_v they_o to_o this_o kind_n for_o the_o like_a disposition_n of_o their_o toe_n two_o forward_a two_o backward_o especial_o see_v they_o belong_v neither_o to_o parrot_n nor_o owl_n albertus_n write_v that_o all_o woodspite_n build_v in_o the_o hollow_n of_o tree_n which_o before_o he_o pliny_n also_o have_v record_v they_o themselves_o be_v say_v to_o hew_v out_o for_o themselves_o a_o place_n to_o build_v in_o make_v such_o a_o artificial_a hole_n so_o exact_o round_a that_o the_o most_o skilful_a and_o experience_a geometrician_n can_v not_o with_o his_o compass_n make_v a_o round_a they_o hatch_v and_o bring_v up_o six_o or_o seven_o young_a at_o once_o the_o egg_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o they_o that_o we_o have_v hitherto_o see_v be_v white_a the_o woodspite_n be_v call_v by_o 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the_o body_n the_o other_o seven_o on_o each_o side_n of_o a_o sordid_a yellow_a with_o cinereous_a tip_n the_o leg_n below_o the_o knee_n be_v bare_a they_o have_v no_o footstep_n or_o appearance_n of_o any_o spur._n both_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v in_o young_a one_o of_o a_o greenish_a colour_n but_o in_o old_a one_o they_o grow_v white_a the_o toe_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o membrane_n as_o in_o heathcock_n it_o have_v a_o great_a craw_n a_o musculous_a stomach_n or_o gizzard_n and_o a_o gallbladder_n for_o the_o taste_n and_o wholsomness_n of_o its_o flesh_n it_o be_v deserve_o prefer_v before_o all_o other_o bird_n it_o feed_v upon_o ant_n and_o ant_n egg_n upon_o the_o grain_n of_o corn_n and_o also_o upon_o the_o green_a leaf_n but_o in_o wintertime_n when_o it_o feed_v upon_o green_a corn_n its_o flesh_n be_v less_o commendable_a than_o in_o summer_n and_o autumn_n when_o it_o feed_v upon_o the_o kernel_n or_o grain_n the_o common_a partridge_n be_v a_o multiparous_a 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piso_n of_o these_o in_o the_o wood_n by_o the_o seashore_n be_v find_v two_o kind_n great_a and_o lesser_a these_o be_v lesser_a than_o our_o european_a partridge_n those_o both_o for_o figure_n and_o bulk_n of_o body_n and_o goodness_n of_o flesh_n be_v equal_a and_o like_a to_o we_o the_o feather_n of_o both_o all_o over_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a fulvous_a colour_n but_o mingle_v and_o spot_v with_o dusky_a §._o v._o the_o damascus_n partridge_n of_o aldrov_n in_o the_o shortness_n thickness_n and_o roundness_n and_o whole_a shape_n of_o its_o body_n it_o approach_v to_o our_o partridge_n the_o colour_n be_v so_o like_a to_o the_o lesser_a partridge_n that_o at_o first_o you_o can_v hardly_o distinguish_v they_o but_o the_o foot_n in_o this_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n yellow_a the_o bill_n be_v also_o long_o though_o else_o the_o bird_n be_v much_o less_o §._o vi_o the_o redleged_a partridge_n perdix_n ruffa_o aldrov_n call_v in_o italy_n coturnice_n &_o coturno_n the_o cock_n weigh_v more_o than_o thirteen_o ounce_n his_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n be_v eighteen_o inch_n his_o breadth_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v twenty_o two_o the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v red_a the_o bill_n almost_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o red_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n also_o red_a the_o claw_n dusky_a the_o toe_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o first_o joint_n connect_v by_o a_o membrane_n intervening_a it_o have_v small_a spur_n other_o have_v none_o perhaps_o these_o be_v young_a one_o the_o sole_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o dirty_a yellow_a the_o head_n neck_n back_o and_o rump_n be_v ash-coloured_a as_o also_o the_o outer_a part_n of_o the_o thigh_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n tincture_v with_o a_o vinaceous_a colour_n the_o cheek_n under_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o chin_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o throat_n white_a yet_o in_o the_o very_a angle_n of_o the_o nether_a chap_n be_v a_o small_a black_a spot_n a_o black_a border_n beginning_n from_o the_o nostril_n and_o produce_v above_o the_o eye_n encompass_n this_o white_a space_n the_o craw_n below_o the_o black_a line_n be_v cinereous_a the_o breast_n of_o a_o dilute_a red_a incline_v to_o yellow_a the_o feather_n on_o the_o side_n be_v paint_v with_o very_o beautiful_a colour_n for_o the_o tip_n of_o some_o of_o they_o be_v black_a and_o next_o the_o black_a they_o have_v a_o transverse_a line_n the_o short_a and_o near_o to_o the_o head_n of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n the_o long_o and_o more_o remote_a of_o a_o yellow_a below_o this_o a_o black_a line_n again_o of_o other_o the_o tip_n be_v red_a the_o colour_n we_o have_v mention_v in_o order_n succeed_v the_o bottom_n of_o all_o be_v cinereous_a the_o beam-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n twenty_o five_o the_o exterior_a whereof_o be_v dusky_a the_o interior_a of_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a but_o yet_o the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o three_o and_o succeed_v to_o the_o fifteen_o be_v of_o a_o white_a tincture_v with_o red_a the_o tail_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o the_o two_o middle_a feather_n be_v cinereous_a the_o exterior_a five_o on_o each_o side_n have_v their_o upper_a half_a red_a their_o low_a cinereous_a it_o have_v a_o large_a craw_n a_o musculous_a stomach_n or_o gizzard_n in_o which_o dissect_a we_o find_v caterpillar_n and_o snail_n the_o back_n of_o the_o hen_n be_v not_o all_o out_o so_o cinereous_a but_o rather_o incline_v to_o red_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o line_n run_v above_o the_o eye_n be_v somewhat_o red_a the_o cheek_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n else_o it_o do_v not_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o cock_n this_o kind_n be_v a_o stranger_n to_o england_n howbeit_o they_o say_v it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o jersey_n and_o guernsey_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o our_o king_n it_o be_v of_o a_o more_o gentle_a nature_n than_o our_o common_a partridge_n and_o easy_o make_v and_o keep_v tame_a whereas_o the_o common_a partridge_n can_v hardly_o be_v induce_v to_o put_v off_o his_o wild_a nature_n and_o to_o go_v out_o and_o return_v home_o again_o like_o tame_a fowl_n yet_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o person_n of_o good_a credit_n that_o a_o certain_a sussex_n man_n have_v by_o his_o industry_n and_o application_n make_v a_o covey_n of_o partridge_n so_o tame_a that_o he_o drive_v they_o before_o he_o upon_o a_o wager_n out_o of_o that_o country_n to_o london_n though_o they_o be_v absolute_o free_a and_o have_v their_o wing_n grow_v so_o that_o they_o may_v if_o they_o will_v have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o to_o fly_v away_o that_o this_o bird_n feed_v upon_o snail_n aristotle_n have_v deliver_v and_o our_o experience_n confirm_v yet_o not_o on_o snail_n only_o but_o also_o on_o caterpillar_n seed_n of_o wheat_n and_o other_o grain_n partridge_n to_o speak_v of_o they_o in_o general_a be_v very_o salacious_a bird_n infamous_a for_o masculine_a venery_n and_o other_o abominable_a and_o unnatural_a conjunction_n the_o ancient_n have_v leave_v many_o fabulous_a thing_n concern_v they_o viz._n that_o the_o cock_n if_o they_o can_v find_v they_o break_v the_o egg_n lest_o the_o hen_n be_v detain_v by_o sit_v upon_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v ready_a or_o willing_a to_o yield_v themselves_o to_o be_v tread_v for_o which_o cause_n the_o hen_n lay_v private_o conceal_v their_o nest_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o cock_n that_o the_o cock_n when_o they_o want_v the_o hen_n to_o wit_n when_o they_o have_v withdraw_v themselves_o to_o sit_v do_v not_o only_o manifest_v their_o petulancy_n and_o salacity_n by_o their_o voice_n and_o fight_a but_o also_o defile_v one_o another_o
promiscuous_o by_o that_o nefarious_a coition_n interdict_a mankind_n by_o no_o less_o than_o a_o capital_a punishment_n which_o thing_n pliny_n after_o his_o manner_n have_v witty_o and_o elegant_o comprise_v in_o a_o few_o word_n illae_fw-la i._n e._n foeminae_fw-la quidem_fw-la &_o maritos_fw-la suos_fw-la fallunt_fw-la quoniam_fw-la intemperantiâ_fw-la libidinis_fw-la srangunt_fw-la earum_fw-la ova_fw-la nè_fw-la incubando_fw-la detineantur_fw-la tunc_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la dimicant_fw-la mare_n desiderio_fw-la foeminarum_fw-la victum_fw-la aiunt_fw-la venerem_fw-la pati_fw-la that_o they_o make_v two_o nest_n wherein_o they_o lie_v their_o egg_n half_a in_o one_o and_o half_a in_o the_o other_o in_o one_o whereof_o the_o female_a sit_v and_o in_o the_o other_o the_o male_n and_o that_o both_o do_v hatch_v and_o bring_v up_o their_o part_n of_o young_a that_o the_o hen_n without_o be_v ever_o tread_v by_o the_o cock_n if_o they_o do_v only_o stand_v opposite_a to_o they_o and_o the_o wind_n blow_n from_o thence_o upon_o they_o will_v conceive_v egg_n and_o those_o prolific_a of_o which_o thing_n some_o modern_a writer_n have_v indiscreet_o endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o account_n before_o they_o have_v any_o assurance_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o the_o hen_n be_v so_o intemperate_o lustful_a that_o contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o bird_n they_o can_v abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o venery_n so_o much_o as_o while_o they_o be_v sit_v which_o particular_n also_o pliny_n brief_o and_o ingenious_o thus_o word_n neque_fw-la in_o ullo_fw-la animali_fw-la par_fw-fr opus_fw-la libidinis_fw-la si_fw-mi contra_fw-la mare_n steterint_fw-la foeminae_fw-la aurâ_fw-la ab_fw-la his_fw-la flante_fw-la praegnantes_fw-la fiunt_fw-la hiantes_fw-la a._n exertâ_fw-la linguâ_fw-la per_fw-la id_fw-la tempus_fw-la aestuant_fw-la concipiúntque_fw-la supervolantium_fw-la afflatu_fw-la saepe_fw-la voce_fw-la tantùm_fw-la audita_fw-la masculi_fw-la adeoque_fw-la vincit_fw-la libido_fw-la etiam_fw-la foetûs_fw-la charitatem_fw-la ut_fw-la illa_fw-la furtim_fw-la &_o in_fw-la occulto_fw-la incubans_fw-la cum_fw-la sensit_fw-la foeminam_fw-la aucupis_fw-la accedentem_fw-la ad_fw-la marem_fw-la recanat_fw-la revocétque_fw-la &_o ultro_fw-la se_fw-la praebeat_fw-la libidini_fw-la that_o the_o cock_n be_v overcome_v in_o fight_n dare_v never_o so_o much_o as_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o his_o mistress_n or_o mate_n that_o the_o partridge_n when_o her_o own_o egg_n be_v break_v or_o any_o way_n mar_v or_o lose_v steal_v another_o partridge_n egg_n sit_v upon_o they_o hatch_v they_o brood_n and_o bring_v up_o the_o young_a which_o yet_o when_o they_o be_v a_o little_a grow_v hear_v their_o dam_n voice_n that_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o that_o partridge_n that_o lay_v the_o egg_n do_v by_o instinct_n present_o know_v it_o and_o leave_v their_o foster_n mother_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o own_o dam_n that_o she_o often_o turn_v she_o upon_o her_o back_n and_o so_o lie_v with_o her_o belly_n upward_o cover_v herself_o with_o clod_n and_o straw_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n deceive_v and_o escape_v the_o fowler_n but_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o insist_v long_o upon_o rehearse_v or_o refute_v these_o particular_n these_o bird_n say_v aldrovandus_n in_o the_o feast_n and_o entertainment_n of_o prince_n hold_v the_o principal_a place_n without_o which_o such_o feast_n be_v esteem_v ignoble_a vulgar_a and_o of_o no_o account_n indeed_o the_o frenchman_n do_v so_o high_o value_v and_o be_v so_o fond_a of_o partridge_n that_o if_o they_o be_v want_v they_o utter_o sleight_v and_o despise_v the_o best_a spread_a table_n and_o most_o plentiful_a and_o delicate_a treatment_n as_o if_o there_o can_v be_v no_o feast_n without_o this_o dish_n as_o the_o flesh_n of_o partridge_n say_v bellonius_fw-la be_v very_o delicate_a and_o grateful_a to_o the_o palate_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v it_o great_o commend_v for_o that_o it_o nourish_v much_o be_v easy_o digest_v and_o breed_v good_a blood_n in_o the_o body_n the_o flesh_n of_o the_o great_a kind_n be_v more_o solid_a and_o hard_a though_o hard_o only_o comparative_o of_o the_o lesser_a more_o tender_a and_o consequent_o yield_v a_o fine_a more_o dissipable_a and_o spirituous_a nourishment_n be_v also_o of_o easy_a concoction_n but_o yet_o be_v not_o so_o white_a as_o that_o of_o the_o great_a palate-man_n and_o such_o as_o have_v skill_n in_o eat_v do_v chief_o commend_v the_o partridge_n wing_n prefer_v it_o much_o before_o the_o leg_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v much_o better_a hence_o that_o english_a proverbial_a rhythm_n if_o the_o partridge_n have_v the_o woodcock_n thigh_n it_o will_v be_v the_o best_a bird_n that_o ever_o do_v fly_v he_o that_o desire_v yet_o further_o information_n concern_v the_o quality_n and_o temperament_n of_o partridge_n flesh_n let_v he_o consult_v aldrovand_n §._o vii_o bellonius_fw-la his_fw-la greek_a partridge_n or_o great_a red_a partridge_n the_o same_o with_o the_o precedent_n the_o great_a partridge_n which_o the_o grecian_n follow_v the_o italian_n common_o call_v coturno_n seem_v to_o we_o to_o be_v different_a from_o the_o partridge_n both_o of_o france_n and_o gothia_n gothland_n for_o it_o be_v twice_o as_o big_a as_o our_o country_n partridge_n have_v red_a bill_n and_o leg_n be_v spot_v on_o the_o breast_n and_o side_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o we_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o meansized_n handsome_a hen._n this_o kind_n of_o partridge_n be_v so_o frequent_a in_o the_o rock_n of_o colme_z the_o cyclades_n island_n and_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o candy_n that_o there_o be_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o any_o other_o bird_n their_o cry_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o our_o partridge_n be_v great_a and_o sonorous_a especial_o in_o breed_v and_o couple_v time_n when_o they_o express_v and_o often_o repeat_v the_o sound_n of_o this_o word_n cacabis_fw-la whence_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o latin_n be_v teach_v by_o the_o greek_n to_o express_v the_o note_n of_o a_o partridge_n by_o the_o word_n cacabare_n we_o also_o borrow_v the_o name_n cacabis_fw-la whereby_o we_o in_o some_o place_n call_v a_o partridge_n from_o their_o voice_n or_o cry_v they_o follow_v one_o another_o on_o the_o rock_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o my_o judgement_n aristotle_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o he_o say_v if_o hen_n couple_n with_o partridge_n they_o generate_v a_o different_a kind_n they_o build_v in_o a_o open_a place_n without_o cover_n or_o shelter_v in_o may-time_n among_o certain_a herb_n what_o time_n they_o come_v down_o from_o the_o rock_n seek_v convenient_a place_n to_o build_v and_o bring_v up_o their_o young_a they_o lay_v their_o egg_n upon_o the_o ground_n under_o some_o great_a stone_n sometime_o eighteen_o sometime_o sixteen_o more_o or_o less_o like_o hen_n egg_n but_o less_o white_a and_o speckled_a thick_a with_o small_a red_a spot_n very_o good_a to_o eat_v as_o hen_n egg_n but_o their_o yolk_n congeal_v not_o after_o they_o have_v hatch_v their_o young_a they_o lead_v they_o out_o into_o the_o champain_n or_o open_a field_n to_o seek_v their_o food_n wherefore_o we_o think_v this_o kind_n of_o partridge_n to_o be_v altogether_o different_a from_o we_o for_o in_o some_o place_n of_o italy_n both_o kind_n be_v find_v and_o call_v by_o divers_a name_n viz._n this_o by_o the_o name_n of_o coturno_n the_o other_o by_o the_o name_n of_o perdice_n or_o pernice_n thus_o far_a bellonius_fw-la aldrovandus_n think_v that_o this_o bird_n differ_v from_o the_o great_a red_a partridge_n or_o coturnice_n of_o the_o italian_n only_o in_o bigness_n and_o true_o i_o be_o now_o whole_o come_v over_o to_o his_o opinion_n sith_o bellonius_fw-la himself_z make_v they_o all_o one_o what_o partridge_n bellonius_fw-la mean_n by_o the_o partridge_n of_o gothia_n i_o know_v not_o §._o viii_o the_o quail_n coturnix_n it_o be_v the_o least_o bird_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o a_o flatter_v or_o broad_a body_n and_o not_o so_o narrow_a or_o compress_a sideway_n as_o the_o land-rail_a or_o daker-hen_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a its_o breadth_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v fourteen_o inch_n it_o be_v bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n half_o a_o inch_n long_o its_o figure_n more_o depress_v and_o plain_a than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o low_a chap_n black_a the_o upper_a of_o a_o pale_a dusky_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o eye_n have_v a_o nictating_a membrane_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o dirty_a pale_a yellow_a the_o throat_n have_v a_o little_a mixture_n of_o red_a ruffi_n under_o the_o low_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o long_a and_o broad_a stroke_n of_o black_a tend_v downward_o above_o the_o eye_n and_o along_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o head_n be_v whitish_a line_n the_o head_n
be_v black_a only_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n red_a or_o cinereous_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o back_n and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v mark_v with_o a_o yellowish_a white_a stroke_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o red_a ash-colour_n under_o the_o wing_n be_v a_o bed_n of_o white_a terminate_v on_o each_o side_n with_o a_o border_n of_o red_a mingle_v with_o black_a the_o beam_n or_o quill-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v dusky_a cross_v with_o pale_a red_a line_n the_o lesser_a row_n of_o hard_a feather_n in_o the_o wing_n be_v almost_o whole_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o red_a colour_n the_o tail_n be_v short_a not_o above_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n interrupt_v with_o pale-red_n transverse_a line_n the_o foot_n be_v pale-coloured_n cover_v with_o a_o skin_n divide_v rather_o into_o scale_n than_o entire_a ring_n the_o sol_n of_o the_o foot_n yellow_a the_o outer_a toe_n as_o far_o as_o the_o first_o joint_n be_v connect_v with_o the_o middlemost_a by_o a_o intervening_a membrane_n it_o have_v a_o gallbladder_n the_o cock_n have_v great_a testicle_n for_o the_o bigness_n of_o its_o body_n whence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o it_o be_v a_o salacious_a bird_n it_o have_v a_o musculous_a stomach_n or_o gizzard_n and_o just_a above_o the_o stomach_n the_o gullet_n be_v dilate_v into_o the_o bag_n which_o we_o call_v the_o ante-stomach_n the_o interior_a superficies_n whereof_o be_v granulate_v with_o papillary_a glandule_n for_o catch_v of_o quail_n they_o use_v this_o art_n the_o fowler_n betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n have_v spread_v his_o net_n hide_v himself_o under_o it_o among_o the_o corn_n then_o call_v with_o his_o quail-pipe_n the_o cock_n quail_n think_v it_o to_o be_v the_o note_n of_o the_o hen_n that_o he_o hear_v come_v in_o a_o trice_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o the_o place_n whence_o the_o noise_n come_v when_o the_o bird_n be_v get_v under_o the_o net_n up_o rise_v the_o fowler_n and_o show_v himself_o to_o he_o he_o present_o attempt_v to_o fly_v away_o be_v entangle_v in_o the_o net_n and_o take_v the_o quail_n be_v a_o bird_n no_o less_o salacious_a than_o the_o partridge_n infamous_a also_o for_o obscene_a and_o unnatural_a lust_n the_o cock_n be_v of_o high_a spirit_n and_o courage_n and_o therefore_o by_o some_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v train_v up_o and_o prepare_v for_o the_o combat_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o cock_n and_o aelian_a tell_v we_o that_o of_o old_a time_n at_o athens_n quail-fighting_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v exhibit_v as_o show_n and_o so_o grateful_a and_o delightful_a they_o be_v to_o the_o people_n that_o there_o be_v as_o great_a flock_v to_o they_o as_o to_o a_o spectacle_n of_o gladiator_n in_o some_o city_n of_o italy_n especial_o naples_n they_o do_v also_o now_o adays_o keep_v fight_v quail_n as_o aldrovandus_n report_v the_o manner_n how_o 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ship_n among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o latin_n quail_n be_v condemn_v and_o banish_v table_n as_o a_o unwholesome_a dish_n for_o be_v report_v to_o feed_v upon_o hellebore_n and_o to_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o fall_a sickness_n they_o be_v think_v to_o produce_v the_o like_a disease_n in_o those_o that_o eat_v their_o flesh_n but_o undeserved_o for_o now_o adays_o they_o be_v eat_v without_o any_o danger_n and_o esteem_v a_o choice_a dish_n and_o be_v somewhat_o rare_a with_o we_o in_o england_n be_v sell_v very_o dear_a indeed_o their_o flesh_n both_o for_o delicacy_n of_o taste_n and_o wholsomness_n of_o nourishment_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o partridge_n or_o pheasant_n poulterer_n and_o such_o as_o feed_v they_o in_o coop_v do_v not_o permit_v they_o a_o high_a place_n to_o be_v in_o because_o leap_v up_o they_o hurt_v their_o head_n against_o the_o top_n nay_o though_o their_o coop_v be_v so_o low_a that_o they_o can_v hardly_o stand_v upright_o in_o they_o yet_o by_o strike_v their_o head_n against_o the_o top_n they_o will_v rub_v off_o all_o the_o feather_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v §._o ix_o the_o rail_n or_o daker-hen_n ortygometra_fw-mi aldrov_fw-mi lib._n 13._o cap._n 33._o crex_fw-la aristotelis_fw-la the_o weight_n of_o that_o we_o describe_v be_v five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a its_o length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n be_v fifteen_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n eleven_o and_o a_o half_a its_o breadth_n between_o the_o extreme_n of_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o nineteen_o inch_n its_o bill_n 1_o ⅛_n inch_n long_o measure_v from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o slit_n the_o body_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v narrow_a or_o compress_v sideways_o and_o like_a to_o that_o of_o waterhen_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o the_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o chin_n also_o be_v white_a else_o the_o throat_n be_v of_o a_o more_o sordid_a or_o dirty_a colour_n on_o the_o head_n be_v two_o broad_a black_a line_n also_o a_o white_a line_n from_o the_o shoulder_n as_o in_o the_o morehen_fw-ge the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o back_o be_v black_a the_o outside_n of_o a_o red_a ash-colour_n the_o thigh_n be_v variegated_a with_o transverse_a white_a line_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o three_o quil-feather_n the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n both_o above_o and_o below_o be_v of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a as_o also_o the_o border_n of_o the_o prime_a feather_n the_o tail_n be_v almost_o two_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o bill_n be_v like_o the_o waterhen_n the_o upper_a mandible_a be_v whitish_a the_o nether_a dusky_a the_o leg_n bare_a above_o the_o knee_n the_o foot_n whitish_a in_o the_o stomach_n dissect_v we_o find_v snail_n it_o be_v call_v rallus_n or_o grallus_n perchance_o from_o its_o stalk_a à _fw-la gradu_fw-la grallatorio_n or_o perchance_o from_o royal_a because_o it_o be_v a_o royal_a or_o princely_a dish_n aldrovandus_n describe_v his_o rail_n thus_o its_o bill_n be_v less_o than_o a_o water-fowl_n but_o much_o big_a than_o a_o quail_n its_o tail_n also_o be_v very_o little_a and_o next_o to_o none_o its_o leg_n and_o foot_n in_o proportion_n to_o its_o body_n long_o of_o a_o middle_a colour_n between_o saffron_n and_o green_a the_o colour_n of_o almost_o the_o whole_a head_n the_o neck_n back_o and_o also_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n respect_v the_o back_n of_o a_o brown_a testaceous_a colour_n in_o brief_a very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o hen-quail_n wherefore_o it_o be_v by_o the_o italian_n right_o call_v the_o king_n of_o quail_n il_fw-fr re_fw-la dell_fw-it qualie_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o great_a quail_n the_o wing_n where_o they_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o belly_n be_v red_a the_o forepart_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v whole_o testaceous_a the_o belly_n and_o hip_n like_o the_o goshawk_n accipitris_n stellarii_fw-la the_o female_a be_v all_o over_o of_o a_o pale_a colour_n bellonius_fw-la describe_v this_o bird_n by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o other_o rail_v that_o live_v in_o broom_n field_n ortygometrae_fw-la alterius_fw-la in_o genistis_fw-la degentis_fw-la it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o quail_n leader_n or_o guide_n when_o they_o go_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o in_o the_o whole_a shape_n of_o its_o body_n it_o resemble_v the_o waterfowl_n especial_o the_o morehen_fw-ge its_o leg_n be_v long_o its_o body_n slender_a its_o belly_n white_a its_o tail_n short_a its_o bill_n pretty_a long_a all_o which_o be_v mark_n of_o waterfowl_n wherefore_o in_o my_o judgement_n it_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o that_o tribe_n and_o aught_o thither_o to_o be_v refer_v this_o if_o
i_o much_o mistake_v not_o be_v the_o bird_n which_o dr._n turner_n take_v to_o be_v the_o crex_n of_o aristotle_n there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o certain_a bird_n in_o england_n with_o long_a leg_n else_o like_a to_o a_o quail_n save_v that_o it_o be_v big_a which_o among_o corn_n and_o flax_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o summer_n have_v no_o other_o cry_n than_o crex_n crex_fw-la but_o this_o it_o often_o iterate_v which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v the_o crex_n of_o aristotle_n the_o english_a call_v it_o a_o daker-hen_n the_o germane_a ein_fw-mi schryck_a i_o never_o see_v or_o hear_v it_o any_o where_o in_o england_n save_v in_o northumberland_n but_o see_v as_o gesner_n right_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n herodotus_n that_o the_o crex_n be_v as_o big_a as_o the_o black_a ibis_n the_o english_a daker-hen_n can_v be_v the_o crex_n although_o this_o bird_n be_v more_o rare_a in_o england_n yet_o be_v it_o find_v every_o where_o in_o ireland_n in_o great_a plenty_n §._o x._o the_o indian_a quail_n of_o bontius_n this_o bird_n feed_v by_o covey_n like_o partridge_n in_o the_o wood_n of_o java_n although_o it_o be_v also_o make_v and_o keep_v tame_a and_o its_o female_a accompany_v with_o her_o brood_n walk_v up_o and_o down_o the_o yard_n of_o house_n like_o the_o common_a hen_n the_o cock_n also_o be_v no_o less_o stout_a and_o give_v to_o fight_v among_o themselves_o till_o they_o kill_v one_o another_o than_o the_o dunghil-cock_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o feather_n they_o very_o near_o resemble_v the_o true_a quail_n but_o their_o bill_n be_v a_o little_a long_o they_o also_o make_v such_o a_o interrupt_a noise_n or_o cry_v by_o interval_n as_o quail_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v but_o of_o a_o far_o different_a sound_n from_o that_o of_o quail_n more_o like_a to_o that_o horrid_a drum_n noise_n which_o bittern_n make_v among_o reed_n in_o fenny_a place_n which_o in_o low_a dutch_a we_o call_v pittoor_fw-mi the_o long_a these_o bird_n continue_v or_o draw_v out_o that_o cry_n the_o more_o generous_a be_v they_o think_v to_o be_v they_o be_v of_o so_o cold_a a_o nature_n that_o when_o shut_v up_o in_o cage_n or_o coop_v if_o you_o do_v not_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o strew_v sand_n under_o they_o they_o present_o languish_v and_o run_v a_o hazard_n of_o die_v and_o therefore_o by_o night_n after_o sunset_n they_o shrink_v up_o on_o a_o heap_n as_o the_o cuckoo_n do_v with_o we_o in_o hollow_a tree_n in_o wintertime_n and_o in_o the_o trunk_n of_o tree_n cover_v themselves_o with_o their_o feather_n but_o when_o the_o sun_n rise_v they_o present_o sing_v and_o that_o sound_n be_v hear_v many_o pace_n off_o that_o you_o will_v wonder_v so_o little_a a_o bird_n for_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v a_o common_a pigeon_n or_o turtle_n in_o bigness_n shall_v have_v so_o deep_a and_o loud_o a_o cry_n i_o have_v sometime_o keep_v of_o they_o in_o cage_n which_o will_v give_v i_o notice_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o morning_n or_o break_v of_o day_n if_o i_o have_v any_o serious_a business_n to_o do_v for_o if_o any_o business_n be_v to_o be_v do_v it_o be_v most_o commodious_o dispatch_v either_o in_o the_o morning_n or_o evening_n for_o the_o day_n time_n while_o the_o sun_n roast_v all_o thing_n with_o his_o scorch_a heat_n be_v unfit_a for_o action_n and_o very_o unhealthful_a to_o stir_v much_o in_o chap._n xii_o wild_a bird_n of_o the_o poultry-kind_n that_o feed_v on_o leave_n and_o berry_n etc._n etc._n have_v scarlet_a eyebrow_n §._o i._o the_o cock_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o wood_n urogallus_fw-la five_o tetrao_n major_a aldrov_n call_v by_o the_o german_n orhun_n by_o the_o venetian_n gallo_n di_fw-it montagna_fw-la for_o bigness_n and_o figure_n it_o come_v near_o to_o a_o turkey_n the_o cock_n we_o measure_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v thirty_o two_o inch_n long_o the_o hen_n but_o twenty_o six_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v in_o the_o cock_n forty_o six_o inch_n distant_a in_o the_o hen_n no_o more_o than_o forty_o one_o it_o have_v such_o a_o bill_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a measure_v from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n its_o side_n sharp_a and_o strong_a it_o be_v tongue_n be_v sharp_a and_o not_o cleave_v in_o the_o palate_n be_v a_o cavity_n impress_v equal_a to_o the_o tongue_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n above_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o naked_a skin_n of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n in_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o kickshaw_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o leg_n on_o the_o forepart_n be_v feather_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n or_o rise_v of_o the_o toe_n but_o bear_v behind_o the_o toe_n be_v join_v together_o by_o a_o membrane_n as_o far_o as_o the_o first_o joint_n than_o they_o have_v on_o each_o side_n a_o border_n of_o skin_n all_o along_o stand_v out_o a_o little_a way_n and_o serrate_v the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a red_a with_o transverse_a black_a line_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v whitish_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o throat_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_a the_o belly_n cinereous_a the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a red_z and_o cinereous_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v powder_v with_o speck_n except_v in_o the_o head_n where_o the_o black_a colour_n have_v a_o purple_a gloss_n if_o behold_v in_o some_o position_n the_o chin_n in_o the_o cock_n be_v black_a in_o the_o hen_n red_a the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_a than_o the_o other_o feather_n and_o cross_v with_o black_a bar_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n of_o the_o cock_n be_v black_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v white_a and_o their_o border_n as_o it_o be_v powder_v with_o red_a ash-coloured_a speck_n the_o middle_a feather_n especial_o and_o those_o next_o to_o they_o be_v mark_v with_o white_a spot_n the_o feather_n cover_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tail_n have_v white_a tip_n else_o be_v variegated_a with_o alternate_a black_a and_o red_a ash-coloured_a transverse_a line_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o whole_a back_o be_v also_o paint_a with_o black_a and_o white_a cross_a line_n but_o fine_a and_o slenderer_n the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a but_o their_o tip_n and_o exterior_a edge_n white_a the_o head_n in_o the_o hen_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o breast-feather_n be_v black_a each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o six_o quill-feather_n the_o great_a whereof_o be_v of_o a_o more_o dusky_a and_o dark_a colour_n the_o rest_n have_v their_o exterior_a vane_n variegated_a with_o red_a and_o black_a the_o tip_n of_o all_o beside_o the_o ten_o outmost_a be_v white_a the_o long_a feather_n spring_v from_o the_o shoulder_n be_v adorn_v with_o angular_a bed_n of_o black_a wherewith_o a_o little_a red_a be_v mingle_v below_o the_o lesser_a row_n of_o hard_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v variegated_a with_o dusky_a red_a and_o white_a their_o tip_n be_v white_a in_o the_o cock_n the_o shoulder_n and_o lesser_a row_n of_o hard_a feather_n above_o be_v variegated_a with_o red_a and_o black_a line_n underneath_o be_v white_a except_o those_o under_o the_o first_o internodium_fw-la which_o be_v black_a the_o long_a feather_n under_o the_o shoulder_n be_v white_a which_o when_o the_o wing_n be_v close_v make_v a_o large_a white_a spot_n the_o wing_n under_o the_o second_o internodium_fw-la be_v black_a with_o transverse_a line_n of_o white_a in_o the_o cock_n the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o shine_a blue_a the_o thigh_n side_n neck_n rump_n and_o belly_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n variegated_a with_o white_a and_o black_a line_n the_o head_n be_v black_a about_o the_o vent_n it_o be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n it_o have_v very_o long_o blind_a gut_n streak_v with_o six_o white_a line_n the_o stomach_n musculous_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n full_a of_o little_a stone_n the_o craw_n be_v stuff_v with_o the_o leave_n top_n and_o bud_n of_o the_o fir-tree_n the_o skin_n of_o the_o stomach_n stick_v to_o the_o muscle_n be_v soft_a and_o hairy_a like_o velvet_n but_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o bird_n and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o so_o prolix_a and_o particular_a a_o description_n of_o colour_n which_o vary_v much_o by_o age_n and_o perchance_o also_o place_n and_o other_o accident_n when_o as_o the_o bigness_n alone_o be_v sufficient_a for_o that_o purpose_n this_o bird_n be_v find_v on_o high_a
which_o in_o the_o hen_n be_v very_o small_a in_o the_o male_n much_o deep_a aristotle_n and_o out_o of_o he_o pliny_n and_o athenaeus_n write_v that_o it_o be_v proper_a or_o peculiar_a to_o pigeon_n not_o to_o hold_v up_o their_o head_n as_o they_o drink_v like_o other_o bird_n but_o to_o drink_v like_o cow_n or_o horse_n by_o suck_v without_o intermission_n albertus_n set_v the_o twenty_o year_n for_o the_o term_n of_o a_o pigeon_n life_n as_o for_o tame_a pigeon_n say_v aldrovandus_n a_o certain_a man_n of_o good_a credit_n tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v hear_v from_o his_o pigeon_n father_n who_o be_v much_o delight_v in_o pigeon_n and_o other_o bird_n that_o he_o have_v keep_v a_o pigeon_n two_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o that_o all_o that_o time_n it_o constant_o breed_v except_v the_o last_o six_o month_n which_o time_n have_v leave_v its_o mate_n it_o have_v choose_v a_o single_a life_n aristotle_n assign_v forty_o year_n to_o the_o life_n of_o a_o pigeon_n aldrov_n ornithol_n tom_fw-mi 2._o pag._n 370._o pigeon_n be_v far_o hard_a to_o concoct_v than_o chicken_n and_o yield_v a_o melancholy_a juice_n they_o say_v that_o the_o eat_n of_o dove_n flesh_n be_v of_o force_n against_o the_o plague_n insomuch_o that_o they_o who_o make_v it_o their_o constant_a or_o ordinary_a food_n be_v seldom_o seize_v by_o pestilential_a disease_n other_o commend_v it_o against_o the_o palsy_n and_o tremble_a other_o write_v that_o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n to_o they_o that_o be_v fies_z dim-sighted_a the_o flesh_n of_o young_a pigeon_n be_v restorative_n and_o useful_a to_o recruit_v the_o strength_n of_o such_o as_o be_v get_v up_o or_o new_o recover_v from_o some_o great_a sickness_n to_o we_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o savoury_a and_o if_o we_o may_v stand_v to_o the_o verdict_n of_o our_o palate_n comparable_a to_o the_o most_o esteem_v a_o live_v pigeon_n cut_v asunder_o along_o the_o backbone_n and_o clap_v hot_a upon_o the_o head_n mitigate_v fierce_a humour_n and_o discuss_n melancholy_a sadness_n hence_o it_o be_v a_o most_o proper_a medicine_n in_o the_o frenzy_n headache_n melancholy_a and_o gout_n schrod_n some_o add_v also_o in_o the_o apoplexy_n our_o physician_n use_v to_o apply_v pigeon_n thus_o dissect_v to_o the_o sol_n of_o the_o foot_n in_o acute_a disease_n in_o any_o great_a defect_n of_o spirit_n or_o decay_n of_o strength_n to_o support_v and_o refresh_v the_o patient_a that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o grapple_v with_o and_o master_n the_o disease_n for_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o pigeon_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o hot_a flesh_n and_o blood_n do_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o sick_a person_n now_o dis-spirited_n and_o ready_a to_o stagnate_n and_o indue_a it_o with_o new_a life_n and_o vigour_n enable_v it_o to_o perform_v its_o solemn_a and_o necessary_a circuit_n the_o hot_a blood_n drop_v into_o the_o eye_n allay_v pain_n and_o cure_v blear_a eye_n and_o discuss_v suffusion_n and_o bloodshot_a and_o cure_v green_a wound_n it_o proper_o stop_v blood_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o mitigate_v the_o pain_n of_o the_o gout_n note_v 1_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o cock-pigeon_n be_v best_a and_o that_o take_v from_o under_o the_o right_a wing_n because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o hot_a nature_n note_v 2._o the_o bloody_a juice_n from_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n may_v be_v use_v for_o the_o other_o blood_n and_o it_o be_v best_o from_o the_o young_a pigeon_n the_o coat_n of_o the_o stomach_n dry_v and_o powder_a be_v good_a against_o dysentery_n the_o dung_n be_v very_o hot_a from_o the_o nitrous_a faculty_n wherewith_o it_o be_v endue_v and_o therefore_o burn_v discuss_n and_o make_v the_o skin_n red_a by_o attract_v the_o blood_n hence_o it_o be_v of_o common_a use_n in_o cataplasm_n and_o plaster_n that_o rubifie_v beat_v and_o sift_v and_o lay_v on_o with_o water-cress_n seeds_n it_o be_v good_a against_o old_a disease_n such_o as_o be_v the_o gout_n megrim_n vertige_n turnsick_a old_a headache_n and_o pain_n in_o the_o side_n colic_n apoplexy_n lethargy_n etc._n etc._n it_o discuss_v strumaes_n and_o other_o tumor_n lay_v on_o with_o barley-flour_n and_o vinegar_n and_o cure_v the_o fall_n of_o the_o hair_n anoint_v and_o colic_n in_o clyster_n and_o discuss_v defluxion_n on_o the_o knee_n apply_v with_o salt_n and_o oil_n inward_o it_o break_v the_o stone_n and_o expel_v urine_n give_v from_o a_o scruple_n to_o two_o scruple_n schrod_n out_o of_o galen_n and_o fernelius_n dove_n dung_n as_o crescentiensis_fw-la say_v be_v best_a of_o all_o other_o for_o plant_n and_o seed_n and_o may_v be_v scatter_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v sow_v together_o with_o the_o seed_n or_o at_o any_o time_n afterward_o one_o basket-ful_a thereof_o be_v worth_a a_o cartload_n of_o sheep_n dung_n our_o countryman_n also_o be_v wont_a to_o sow_v dove_n dung_n together_o with_o their_o grain_n §._o iii_o *_o a_o wild_a pigeon_n of_o st._n thomas_n his_o island_n marggrav_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n and_o figure_n of_o our_o country_n pigeon_n but_o its_o upper_a bill_n hook_v the_o foremost_a half_n be_v of_o a_o blue_a colour_n mix_v with_o a_o little_a white_a and_o yellow_a the_o hindmost_a of_o a_o sanguine_a the_o eye_n be_v black_a with_o a_o circle_n of_o blue_a the_o whole_a body_n be_v cover_v with_o green_a feather_n like_o a_o parrot_n the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v duskish_a as_o be_v also_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n under_o the_o vent_n it_o have_v yellow_a feather_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o elegant_a saffron-colour_n but_o the_o claw_n dusky_a §._o iv._o a_o turtledove_n turtur_fw-la the_o male_n which_o we_o describe_v from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n be_v twelve_o inch_n long_o from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n extend_v twenty_o one_o broad_a its_o bill_n slender_a from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n almost_o a_o inch_n long_o of_o a_o dusky_a blue_a colour_n without_o and_o red_z within_z its_o tongue_n small_a and_o not_o divide_v the_o irides_fw-la of_o its_o eye_n between_o red_a and_o yellow_a a_o circle_n of_o naked_a red_a flesh_n encompass_v the_o eye_n as_o in_o many_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n its_o foot_n be_v red_a its_o claw_n black_a its_o toe_n divide_v to_o the_o very_a bottom_n the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o middle_a claw_n thin_v into_o a_o edge_n it_o be_v head_n and_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o back_n be_v blue_a or_o cinereous_a of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o common_a pigeon_n the_o shoulder_n and_o the_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o sordid_a red_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o throat_n tincture_v with_o a_o lovely_a vinaceous_a colour_n each_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o spot_n of_o beautiful_a feather_n of_o a_o black_a colour_n with_o white_a tip_n the_o exterior_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o 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which_o be_v red_a and_o the_o bill_n which_o be_v black_a as_o in_o the_o cock_n be_v all_o over_o white_a but_o the_o cock_n have_v his_o head_n neck_n breast_n wing_n as_o far_o as_o the_o quill-feather_n and_o back_o down_o to_o the_o rump_n red_a but_o of_o a_o much_o faint_a colour_n than_o in_o our_o common_a turtle_n and_o not_o at_o all_o spot_a it_o be_v bigness_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o its_o note_n the_o same_o its_o bill_n also_o like_a but_o black_a in_o its_o eye_n be_v a_o most_o manifest_a difference_n for_o in_o this_o the_o iris_n be_v of_o a_o most_o lovely_a shine_a saffron_n or_o rather_o scarlet_a colour_n which_o in_o the_o common_a turtle_n be_v only_o yellow_a in_o that_o we_o describe_v the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v between_o red_a and_o yellow_a
the_o ring_n also_o be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n for_o in_o the_o indian_a turtle_n it_o be_v slender_a and_o black_a and_o compass_n the_o neck_n round_o whereas_o in_o the_o common_a one_o it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o inch_n broad_a particoloured_a and_o compass_n not_o the_o neck_n the_o long_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o rump_n and_o whole_a tail_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n have_v their_o shaft_n black_a and_o edge_n white_a the_o belly_n especial_o near_o the_o vent_n be_v yellow_a the_o foot_n red_a adorn_v with_o whitish_a scale_n table_n the_o claw_n be_v dusky_a incline_v to_o yellow_a they_o feed_v upon_o millet_n thus_o far_o aldrovandus_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o bird_n we_o have_v see_v many_o keep_v by_o the_o curious_a in_o aviaries_n and_o cage_n §._o vi_o *_o the_o indian_a turtle_n or_o cocotzin_n of_o nieremberg_n the_o picuipinima_n of_o marggrave_n our_o least_n barbados_n turtle_n it_o be_v a_o little_o big_a than_o a_o lark_n nieremberg_n say_v than_o a_o sparrow_n have_v a_o small_a dusky_a black_a bill_n like_o a_o pigeon_n black_a eye_n with_o a_o golden_a circle_n the_o whole_a head_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o side_n back_o and_o wing_n be_v cover_v with_o dark_a ash-coloured_a or_o black_a and_o blue_a feather_n have_v black_a semilunar_a border_n but_o the_o long_a feather_n of_o its_o wing_n which_o be_v see_v as_o it_o fly_v be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o black_a on_o one_o side_n and_o in_o their_o tip_n the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o good_a length_n consist_v of_o dusky_a ash-coloured_a feather_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o be_v black_a and_o have_v their_o exterior_a half_a white_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v white_a have_v their_o border_n black_a of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n like_o those_o of_o other_o dove_n but_o whitish_a these_o pigeon_n be_v good_a meat_n and_o grow_v very_o fat_a nieremberg_n add_v that_o the_o head_n be_v little_a the_o bill_n little_a and_o black_a the_o neck_n short_a the_o leg_n red_a wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o marggraves_n bird_n the_o claw_n dusky_a and_o little_a the_o mexican_n give_v it_o its_o name_n from_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o the_o noise_n it_o make_v in_o fly_v the_o spaniard_n who_o call_v it_o a_o turtle_n from_o its_o murmur_a voice_n and_o the_o taste_n and_o quality_n of_o its_o flesh_n although_o it_o be_v much_o less_o than_o our_o common_a turtle_n it_o cry_v hu_o hu_o afford_v good_a nourishment_n though_o somewhat_o hard_o of_o concoction_n it_o be_v find_v in_o mountainous_a place_n and_o also_o near_o to_n it_o be_v native_a of_o the_o country_n of_o mexico_n and_o very_o common_a there_o they_o say_v that_o it_o will_v cure_v a_o woman_n of_o jealousy_n if_o you_o give_v it_o her_o boil_a to_o eat_v so_o that_o she_o know_v not_o what_o she_o eat_v there_o be_v also_o another_o sort_n of_o this_o bird_n every_o way_n like_o it_o save_v only_o that_o the_o body_n be_v fulvous_a and_o black_a and_o the_o head_n ash-coloured_a whence_o some_o call_v it_o tlapalcocotli_n this_o bird_n be_v either_o the_o same_o with_o or_o very_o like_a to_o our_o least_n barbados_n turtle_n which_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n be_v exact_o equal_a to_o the_o figure_n we_o give_v of_o it_o take_v from_o the_o live_a bird_n §._o vii_o the_o ring-dove_n palumbus_fw-la torquatus_fw-la that_o we_o describe_v weigh_v twenty_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v eighteen_o inch_n its_o breadth_n thirty_o it_o be_v bill_n yellowish_a cover_v for_o some_o space_n from_o the_o head_n with_o a_o red_a or_o purplish_a skin_n wherein_o be_v the_o nostril_n above_o the_o nostril_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o white_a dandroof_n the_o tongue_n be_v sharp-pointed_a not_o cleave_v but_o channel_a the_o circle_n about_o the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a the_o foot_n be_v bare_a of_o a_o red_a colour_n as_o in_o other_o pigeon_n the_o outmost_a toe_n by_o a_o membrane_n join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a as_o far_a as_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o leg_n feather_v almost_o down_o to_o the_o foot_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o semicircular_a line_n of_o white_a which_o they_o call_v a_o ring_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o bird_n take_v its_o name_n ring-dove_n both_o above_o and_o beneath_o this_o ring_n the_o neck_n as_o it_o be_v various_o object_v to_o the_o light_n appear_v of_o various_a colour_n the_o head_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v purplish_a or_o red_a with_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o cinereous_a the_o belly_n of_o a_o light_a ash-colour_n incline_v to_o white_a in_o the_o cock_n these_o colour_n be_v deep_a than_o in_o the_o hen._n the_o quill-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n about_o twenty_o four_o of_o which_o the_o second_o be_v the_o long_a the_o ten_o foremost_a or_o outmost_a be_v black_a the_o second_o and_o succeed_v as_o far_o as_o the_o seven_o have_v their_o utmost_a edge_n white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o hard_a feather_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n at_o the_o bottom_n or_o rise_v of_o the_o bastard_n wing_n a_o white_a spot_n tend_v downward_o cover_v the_o nine_o ten_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o quill-feather_n the_o tail_n be_v seven_o inch_n long_o and_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o top_n or_o end_n for_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a be_v black_a the_o remain_a part_n cinereous_a the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n it_o have_v no_o gallbladder_n but_o a_o large_a gall-channel_n to_o convey_v the_o gall_n into_o the_o gut_n these_o bird_n in_o wintertime_n company_n together_o and_o fly_v in_o flock_n they_o build_v in_o tree_n make_v their_o nest_n of_o a_o few_o stick_n and_o straw_n they_o feed_v upon_o acorn_n and_o also_o upon_o corn_n and_o ivy_n and_o holly_n berry_n §._o viii_o the_o stock-dove_n or_o wood-pigeon_n oenas_n sive_fw-la vinago_n it_o be_v as_o big_a or_o big_a than_o a_o common_a pigeon_n the_o cock_n weigh_v fourteen_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a be_v from_o bill_n to_o tail_n fourteen_o inch_n long_o and_o between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v twenty_o six_o broad_a the_o colour_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o body_n almost_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o a_o common_a pigeon_n the_o bill_n also_o like_a and_o of_o equal_a length_n of_o a_o pale_a red_a colour_n the_o nostril_n be_v great_a and_o prominent_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n cinereous_a the_o neck_n cover_v with_o changeable_a feather_n which_o as_o they_o be_v various_o object_v to_o the_o light_n appear_v of_o a_o purple_a or_o shine_a green_a no_o silk_n like_o they_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o breast_n the_o shoulder_n and_o wing_n be_v dash_v with_o a_o purplish_a or_o red-wine_n colour_n whence_o it_o take_v the_o name_n oenas_n the_o wing_n shoulder_n and_o middle_a of_o the_o back_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o pale_a all_o the_o quil-feather_n except_o the_o four_o or_o five_o outmost_a which_o be_v all_o over_o black_a with_o their_o edge_n white_a have_v their_o low_a part_n cinereous_a and_o their_o upper_a black_a the_o tail_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n have_v their_o low_a part_n cinereous_a their_o upper_a for_o one_o three_o of_o their_o length_n black_a the_o nether_a side_n of_o the_o body_n except_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v all_o cinereous_a the_o wing_n close_v reach_v not_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n in_o both_o wing_n be_v two_o black_a spot_n the_o one_o upon_o two_o or_o three_o quil-feather_n next_o the_o body_n the_o other_o upon_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o covert_a feather_n incumbent_a upon_o those_o quill_n both_o spot_n be_v on_o the_o outside_n 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her_o young_a one_o with_o misselto_n berry_n and_o nothing_o else_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v have_v diligent_o watch_v they_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n together_o this_o i_o can_v hardly_o believe_v for_o that_o the_o old_a one_o feed_v upon_o other_o berry_n too_o and_o also_o infect_v for_o convulsion_n or_o the_o fall_v sickness_n kill_v this_o bird_n dry_v he_o to_o a_o powder_n and_o take_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o penny_n weight_n every_o morning_n in_o six_o spoonful_n of_o black_a cherry_n water_n or_o the_o distil_a water_n of_o miselto-berry_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o conceit_n be_v because_o this_o bird_n feed_v upon_o misselto_n which_o be_v a_o approve_a remedy_n for_o the_o epilepsy_n §._o ii_o the_o mavis_n throstle_n or_o song-thrush_n turdus_n simpliciter_fw-la dictus_fw-la seu_fw-la viscivorus_fw-la minor_fw-la it_o be_v call_v viscivorous_a not_o because_o it_o feed_v upon_o misselto-berry_n but_o because_o it_o be_v like_o the_o missel-bird_n it_o be_v 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infect_v than_o berry_n it_o eat_v also_o shell-snail_n which_o be_v by_o most_o naturalist_n reckon_v among_o infect_v the_o sex_n can_v be_v know_v by_o the_o colour_n it_o abide_v all_o the_o year_n and_o breed_v with_o we_o in_o england_n it_o build_v its_o nest_n outward_o of_o earth_n moss_n and_o straw_n and_o within_o dawb_v it_o with_o clay_n lay_v its_o egg_n and_o young_a upon_o the_o bare_a clay_n it_o lay_v at_o one_o sit_v five_o or_o six_o egg_n of_o a_o bluish_a green_a colour_n speckle_v with_o a_o few_o small_a black_a spot_n thin-set_a in_o the_o spring_n time_n it_o sit_v upon_o tree_n and_o sing_v most_o sweet_o it_o be_v a_o solitary_a bird_n like_o the_o shrite_n but_o it_o build_v rather_o in_o hedge_n than_o high_a tree_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o silly_a bird_n and_o easy_o take_v for_o the_o delicate_a taste_n of_o its_o flesh_n it_o be_v by_o all_o high_o and_o deserve_o commend_v if_o we_o stand_v to_o marshal_n judgement_n the_o thrush_n be_v the_o best_a 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little_a gravel_n in_o their_o cage_n all_o time_n of_o the_o year_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o intimate_v the_o first_o member_n or_o subsection_n of_o small_a bird_n with_o slender_a bird_n of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o sort_n all_o beside_o swallow_n may_v convenient_o enough_o be_v divide_v into_o such_o as_o have_v the_o feather_n of_o their_o tail_n all_o of_o one_o colour_n and_o such_o as_o have_v a_o particoloured_a tail_n we_o will_v first_o treat_v of_o lark_n and_o swallow_n by_o themselves_o than_o we_o will_v reduce_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o now_o mention_a head_n chap._n i._o of_o lark_n §._o i._o of_o lark_n in_o general_n a_o lark_n call_v by_o the_o grecian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v a_o helmet_n by_o the_o latin_n also_o cassita_fw-it and_o galerita_n from_o cassis_n and_o galea_n or_o galerus_n of_o like_a signification_n which_o name_n do_v yet_o proper_o agree_v to_o the_o crest_a lark_n be_v 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the_o end_n of_o the_o great_a feather_n in_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o be_v ten_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n distant_a the_o bill_n measure_v from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a mandible_a black_a or_o horn-coloured_n the_o low_a common_o whitish_a the_o tongue_n broad_a cleave_a hard_a the_o nostril_n round_o it_o sometime_o ruffle_n up_o the_o feather_n of_o its_o head_n almost_o in_o fashion_n of_o a_o crest_n a_o cinereous_a ring_n or_o crown_n compass_n the_o hind_a part_n of_o the_o head_n from_o eye_n to_o eye_n but_o more_o sordid_a and_o less_o conspicuous_a than_o in_o the_o woodlark_n the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o testaceous_a or_o red_a ash-colour_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o back_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o head_n the_o chin_n whitish_a the_o throat_n yellow_a with_o brown_a spot_n the_o side_n of_o a_o red_a yellow_a each_o wing_n have_v 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grow_v to_o the_o middle_n below_o as_o in_o other_o small_a bird_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n the_o left_a much_o less_o than_o the_o right_n that_o there_o may_v be_v room_n for_o the_o gizzard_n which_o in_o this_o bird_n be_v fleshy_a and_o great_a for_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bird_n the_o flesh_n be_v very_o sweet_a and_o delicate_a in_o mild_a winter_n it_o feed_v wondrous_a fat_a and_o there_o be_v then_o take_v a_o innumerable_a number_n with_o we_o in_o england_n for_o the_o furnish_n and_o adorn_v of_o our_o table_n as_o polydore_v virgil_n true_o write_v it_o build_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o lay_v four_o or_o five_o egg_n at_o once_o a_o late_a writer_n say_v three_o or_o four_o and_o that_o to_o his_o knowledge_n he_o never_o find_v five_o in_o all_o his_o life_n this_o bird_n build_v say_v olina_n in_o plain_a open_a ground_n under_o some_o clod_n of_o earth_n other_o say_v in_o corn_n or_o thick_a high_a grass_n in_o meadow_n and_o though_o in_o winter_n we_o see_v great_a flock_n of_o they_o yet_o we_o find_v the_o few_o of_o their_o nest_n of_o any_o bird_n that_o be_v so_o plentiful_a he_o make_v his_o nest_n of_o dry_a herb_n and_o string_n and_o breed_v thrice_o a_o year_n in_o may_n july_n and_o august_n rear_v his_o young_a very_o sudden_o so_o that_o if_o you_o have_v a_o nest_n you_o must_v take_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v spoon-feathered_n or_o else_o you_o run_v the_o risco_fw-la of_o lose_v they_o for_o they_o will_v get_v they_o go_v of_o a_o sudden_a this_o bird_n breed_v much_o late_a than_o the_o woodlark_n by_o almost_o two_o month_n for_o she_o seldom_o have_v young_a one_o before_o the_o middle_n of_o may._n young_a nestling_n may_v be_v bring_v up_o almost_o with_o any_o meat_n but_o if_o you_o give_v they_o sheep_n heart_n and_o egg_n chop_v together_o till_o they_o be_v about_o three_o week_n old_a it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o eat_v alone_o give_v they_o oatmeal_n hempseed_n and_o bread_n mix_v together_o with_o a_o little_a egg._n olina_n say_v to_o save_v charge_n you_o may_v feed_v they_o with_o wheat_n oat_n and_o millet_n these_o bird_n that_o be_v so_o young_a may_v be_v bring_v up_o to_o any_o thing_n one_o bird_n learn_v another_o bird_n song_n you_o must_v always_o observe_v to_o give_v they_o sand_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cage_n and_o let_v they_o have_v a_o new_a turf_n every_o week_n place_v in_o a_o dish_n of_o water_n in_o their_o cage_n which_o must_v be_v as_o large_a as_o two_o of_o the_o wood-lark_n cage_n they_o need_v have_v no_o perche_n in_o their_o cage_n the_o cock_n may_v be_v know_v from_o the_o hen_n according_a to_o olina_n by_o have_v his_o heel_n so_o long_o that_o it_o reach_v beyond_o his_o knee_n and_o have_v two_o black_a spot_n on_o his_o neck_n one_o on_o each_o side_n somewhat_o in_o fashion_n of_o a_o ring_n or_o collar_n his_o breast_n dark_a and_o more_o speckled_a with_o black_a and_o a_o grosser_n body_n my_o english_a author_n say_v that_o those_o you_o intend_v to_o keep_v for_o sing_v be_v best_a be_v take_v in_o october_n or_o november_n and_o then_o they_o will_v sing_v a_o little_a after_o christmas_n and_o advise_v to_o choose_v the_o straight_a large_a and_o lofty_a bird_n and_o he_o that_o have_v most_o white_a in_o his_o tail_n for_o these_o say_v he_o be_v the_o usual_a mark_n for_o a_o cock_n if_o you_o find_v he_o very_o wild_a and_o buckish_a tie_v his_o wing_n for_o two_o or_o three_o week_n till_o he_o be_v become_v both_o acquaint_v and_o tame_a also_o and_o then_o when_o you_o perceive_v he_o pretty_a orderly_a untie_v his_o wing_n still_o let_v he_o hang_v in_o the_o same_o place_n he_o do_v you_o must_v feed_v this_o old_a bird_n with_o hempseed_n bread_n and_o a_o few_o white_a oat_n for_o he_o take_v great_a delight_n to_o husk_n the_o oat_n and_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o sing_v once_o in_o a_o week_n you_o may_v give_v he_o a_o hard_a egg_n or_o shred_v he_o a_o little_a boil_a mutton_n or_o veal_n or_o sheep_n heart_n you_o must_v observe_v in_o this_o bird_n as_o in_o all_o other_o that_o you_o give_v it_o no_o salt_n meat_n nor_o bread_n that_o be_v any_o thing_n salt_n §._o iii_o the_o woodlark_n call_v at_o rome_n tottovilla_n the_o cock_n we_o make_v trial_n in_o weigh_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o quarter_n its_o length_n from_o bill_n to_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o distance_n between_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v twelve_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o common_a lark_n and_o short_a body_v it_o be_v bill_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n
good_a way_n and_o towards_o the_o tip_n moderate_o hook_v the_o claw_n also_o be_v whitish_a §._o x._o the_o bird_n call_v spipoletta_n at_o florence_n tordino_n at_o venice_n perchance_o the_o 732._o stopparola_n or_o 731._o grisola_n or_o spipola_n secunda_fw-la of_o aldrovand_n it_o be_v less_o than_o a_o lark_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o beccafigo_n from_o bill_n point_n to_o tail_n end_n 7⅛_n inch_n long_o between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v eleven_o three_o quarter_n broad_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v small_a slender_a about_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o straight_o sharp_a and_o coalblack_a its_o spur_n or_o back-claw_a very_o long_o like_o a_o lark_n it_o be_v colour_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n shoulder_n and_o back_o cinereous_a with_o a_o dash_n of_o green_a mr._n willughby_n make_v the_o back_n to_o be_v of_o a_o obscure_a or_o dusky_a yellow_a the_o head_n more_o cinereous_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o throat_n spot_v the_o belly_n of_o the_o hen-bird_n be_v yellowish_a the_o throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n in_o some_o be_v white_a in_o other_o of_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a but_o in_o all_o general_o the_o breast_n be_v dark_a than_o the_o throat_n or_o belly_n and_o spot_v it_o have_v in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o prime_a feather_n i_o find_v not_o in_o this_o kind_n that_o small_a short_a outmost_a feather_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o wing_n of_o many_o small_a bird_n of_o a_o dark_a or_o dusky_a colour_n except_v the_o outer_a edge_n which_o be_v either_o whitish_a or_o yellowish_a the_o feather_n also_o of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o those_o of_o the_o first_o the_o tail_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n long_o and_o consist_v of_o ten_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o outmost_a on_o each_o side_n have_v their_o outward_a vane_n and_o top_n in_o the_o whole_a above_o their_o half_n milkwhite_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v dark-coloured_n and_o almost_o black_a especial_o in_o the_o male_n except_v the_o two_o middlemost_a which_o round_o the_o edge_n be_v either_o yellowish_a or_o white_a mr._n willughby_n describe_v the_o tail_n a_o little_a otherwise_o and_o perchance_o more_o exact_o thus_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a but_o the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n and_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o next_o be_v white_a the_o two_o middlemost_a from_o dusky_a incline_v to_o a_o ash-colour_n this_o bird_n be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v by_o the_o length_n of_o its_o heel_n from_o other_o sort_n of_o bird_n by_o the_o black_a colour_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o tail_n bill_n and_o foot_n from_o other_o lark_n concern_v its_o manner_n place_n nest_n breed_v etc._n etc._n we_o have_v nothing_o further_a to_o add_v we_o see_v it_o at_o venice_n and_o florence_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o countryman_n and_o fowler_n among_o other_o small_a bird_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o market_n at_o florence_n they_o call_v it_o spipoletta_n whence_o induce_v by_o the_o agreement_n of_o name_n we_o guess_v it_o to_o be_v either_o the_o first_o or_o second_o spipola_n of_o aldrovandus_n but_o yet_o see_v in_o the_o description_n of_o these_o bird_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o heel_n which_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a so_o curious_a a_o spectator_n as_o aldrovand_n shall_v either_o oversee_v or_o through_o neglect_n and_o forgetfulness_n omit_v notwithstanding_o the_o convenience_n of_o name_n these_o may_v perchance_o be_v distinct_a species_n and_o therefore_o that_o we_o may_v not_o give_v the_o reader_n just_a occasion_n to_o to_o complain_v that_o we_o have_v rash_o omit_v any_o thing_n in_o our_o ornithology_n we_o will_v annex_v to_o this_o chapter_n aldrovandus_n his_o description_n of_o spipolae_fw-la stopparolae_fw-la and_o other_o small_a bird_n to_o which_o we_o judge_v this_o to_o be_v the_o same_o or_o very_o like_a the_o first_o spipola_n of_o 26._o aldrovandus_n the_o first_o spipola_n which_o be_v great_a than_o the_o rest_n in_o this_o kind_n have_v a_o ash-coloured_a head_n under_o the_o bill_n a_o white_a spot_n in_o place_n of_o a_o beard_n it_o be_v breast_n be_v red_a its_o belly_n particoloured_a of_o red_a and_o white_a its_o tail_n black_a above_o white_z underneath_o it_o be_v back_o ash-coloured_a its_o wing_n particoloured_a of_o white_a black_a and_o red_a its_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellow_a its_o claw_n black_a its_o bill_n long_o slender_a and_o dusky_a colour_v this_o bird_n if_o it_o be_v exact_o describe_v be_v to_o we_o as_o yet_o unknown_a the_o other_o spipola_n of_o ibid._n aldrovandus_n this_o incline_v more_o to_o a_o ash-colour_n than_o the_o precedent_n but_o differ_v from_o it_o in_o that_o it_o have_v not_o a_o red_a breast_n but_o mark_v with_o black_a spot_n draw_v downward_o it_o be_v also_o more_o cinereous_a above_o than_o beneath_o moreover_o the_o belly_n be_v almost_o white_a behind_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o great_a spot_n approach_v after_o a_o sort_n to_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n the_o master_n feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o those_o which_o cover_v they_o be_v black_a their_o side_n and_o end_n be_v cinereous_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v dusky_a the_o tail_n ash-coloured_a the_o three_o spipola_n of_o aldrovandus_n describe_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n this_o some_o call_n boarina_n it_o be_v a_o small_a bird_n almost_o all_o over_o of_o a_o pale_a or_o whitish_a yellow_a but_o deep_a in_o the_o wing_n than_o elsewhere_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n be_v dusky_a the_o stopparola_n of_o aldrovand_n lib._n 17._o cap._n 27._o the_o fowler_n say_v he_o of_o our_o city_n call_v this_o bird_n stopparola_n a_o name_n i_o know_v not_o what_o it_o signify_v nor_o whence_o it_o be_v derive_v unless_o perchance_o it_o be_v from_o stubble_n which_o our_o peasant_n country_n man_n call_v stoppia_n it_o be_v if_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v of_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o flycatcher_n muscicapae_n have_v the_o breast_n and_o belly_n for_o the_o most_o part_n white_a the_o head_n which_o on_o the_o crown_n be_v speckle_v with_o white_a spot_n neck_n back_o and_o tail_n brown_a the_o quill-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a as_o be_v also_o the_o covert_n but_o yellowish_a on_o the_o side_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n slender_a and_o black_a the_o bill_n indifferent_o long_a sharp-pointed_a and_o black_a a_o bird_n like_o to_o stopparola_n &_o magnanina_n aldrov_n in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o wagtail_n have_v a_o long_a straight_o sharp_a bill_n yet_o above_o have_v a_o little_a declivity_n black_a above_o and_o of_o a_o horn_n colour_n underneath_o the_o neck_n breast_n and_o belly_n pale_a the_o eye_n small_a and_o lively_a have_v a_o black_a pupil_n and_o a_o white_a circle_n and_o a_o dusky_a spot_n hardly_o conspicuous_a about_o they_o the_o foot_n leadencoloured_a the_o grisola_n of_o 28._o aldrovandus_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a other_o small_a bird_n catch_v in_o our_o field_n which_o the_o fowler_n call_v grisola_n perchance_o from_o its_o grey_a or_o hoary_a colour_n although_o it_o be_v not_o grey_a but_o of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n or_o perchance_o because_o it_o cry_v much_o keep_v alone_o for_o we_o sometime_o use_v the_o word_n gridare_v to_o signify_v lament_v it_o feed_v upon_o fly_n and_o other_o such_o like_a infect_v as_o i_o gather_v from_o the_o figure_n and_o construction_n of_o its_o bill_n for_o it_o be_v slender_a straight_o and_o long_o on_o the_o neck_n and_o breast_n it_o be_v distinguish_v with_o oblong_a brown_a spot_n tend_v downward_o the_o whole_a belly_n be_v white_a the_o head_n upper_z side_z of_o the_o neck_n back_o and_o tail_n be_v dusky_a as_o be_v also_o the_o wing_n the_o feather_n whereof_o have_v their_o side_n and_o end_n of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v also_o dusky_a or_o blackish_a the_o glareana_n or_o grien_n vogelin_n of_o gesner_n hither_o also_o for_o its_o spot_a breast_n we_o will_v refer_v the_o glareana_n or_o grien_n vogelin_n of_o gesner_n which_o because_o the_o author_n describe_v from_o the_o inspection_n of_o a_o picture_n send_v he_o from_o strasburgh_n we_o suspect_v not_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o above_o describe_v although_o in_o some_o particular_n it_o seem_v to_o vary_v we_o refer_v the_o reader_n that_o desire_v more_o concern_v it_o to_o gesner_n or_o aldrovandus_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o swallow_n in_o general_n the_o characteristic_a note_n of_o swallow_n be_v a_o great_a head_n a_o short_a neck_n a_o small_a short_a bill_n a_o wide_a mouth_n for_o the_o more_o easy_a catch_v of_o fly_n and_o other_o infect_v as_o they_o fly_v to_o and_o fro_o very_o long_a wing_n a_o swift_a and_o almost_o continual_a flight_n a_o long_a and_o fork_a tail_n for_o the_o more_o ready_a and_o speedy_a turn_v their_o body_n
and_o direct_v their_o flight_n white_a egg_n speckled_a with_o ferrugineous_a spot_n as_o aldrovandus_n true_o observe_v this_o bird_n be_v the_o spring_n herald_n be_v not_o see_v throughout_o all_o europe_n in_o wintertime_n whence_o that_o greek_a proverb_n common_a to_o almost_o all_o language_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o swallow_n make_v not_o a_o spring_n we_o have_v observe_v four_o sort_n of_o swallow_n in_o england_n and_o not_o more_o elsewhere_o those_o be_v 1._o the_o common_a or_o house-swallow_n 2._o the_o martin_n or_o martinet_n or_o martlet_n 3._o the_o sand-martin_n or_o shore-bird_n 4._o the_o black_a martin_n or_o swift_n of_o this_o last_o we_o have_v see_v a_o sort_n paint_v with_o the_o whole_a belly_n white_a and_o julius_n scaliger_n affirm_v that_o he_o have_v see_v one_o of_o this_o kind_a as_o big_a as_o a_o buzzard_n no_o way_n differ_v in_o shape_n from_o the_o common_a one_o save_v in_o the_o leg_n and_o talon_n and_o hookedness_n of_o the_o beak_n all_o fit_v for_o prey_n as_o for_o the_o physical_a virtue_n and_o faculty_n of_o swallow_n and_o their_o part_n schroder_n have_v thus_o brief_o sum_v they_o up_o 1._o swallow_n entire_a be_v a_o specific_a remedy_n for_o the_o fall_v sickness_n dimness_n of_o sight_n blear_a eye_n their_o ash_n mingle_v with_o honey_n and_o so_o apply_v they_o cure_v also_o the_o squinancy_n and_o inflammation_n of_o the_o mouth_n uuula_fw-la be_v eat_v or_o their_o ash_n take_v inward_o 2._o a_o swallow_n heart_n be_v also_o say_v to_o be_v good_a for_o the_o fall_v sickness_n and_o to_o strengthen_v the_o memory_n some_o eat_v it_o against_o the_o quartan_a ague_n 3._o some_o will_v have_v the_o blood_n to_o be_v a_o specific_a for_o the_o eye_n and_o they_o prefer_v that_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o under_o the_o left_a wing_n 4._o there_o be_v a_o stone_n find_v sometime_o though_o seldom_o in_o the_o stomach_n of_o some_o of_o the_o young_a swallow_n call_v chelidonius_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lentile_a or_o pease_n this_o they_o will_v have_v to_o help_v the_o fall_v sickness_n in_o child_n bind_v to_o the_o arm_n or_o hang_v about_o the_o neck_n note_n they_o report_v this_o stone_n to_o be_v find_v especial_o in_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o in_o the_o first_o hatch_v young_a one_o other_o take_v it_o out_o in_o august_n about_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n 5._o the_o nest_n outward_o apply_v give_v relief_n in_o the_o squinancy_n heal_v the_o redness_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o be_v good_a for_o the_o bite_n of_o a_o adder_n or_o viper_n 6._o the_o dung_n heat_v very_o much_o discuss_n and_o be_v acrimonious_a it_o be_v chief_a use_n be_v against_o the_o bite_n of_o a_o mad_a dog_n take_v outward_o and_o inward_o in_o colic_n and_o nephritic_n pain_v take_v inward_o put_v up_o it_o provoke_v excretion_n schrod_n a_o approve_a medicine_n for_o the_o fall_v sickness_n take_v one_o hundred_o swallow_n i_o suppose_v here_o be_v some_o mistake_n and_o that_o one_o quarter_n of_o this_o number_n may_v suffice_v one_o ounce_n of_o castoreum_n one_o ounce_n of_o peiony_n root_n so_o much_o white-wine_n as_o shall_v suffice_v distil_v all_o together_o and_o give_v the_o patient_n to_o drink_v three_o drachm_n fast_v every_o morning_n this_o will_v lessen_v every_o fit_a and_o perfect_o cure_v they_o purge_v often_o as_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o patient_n will_v bear_v with_o stibium_fw-la chap._n iii_o of_o swallow_n in_o particular_a §._o i._o the_o common_a or_o house-swallow_n hirundo_fw-la domestica_fw-la the_o female_a weigh_v scarce_o a_o ounce_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v seven_o inch_n long_o and_o measure_v from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n extend_v twelve_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v short_a black_a flat_a and_o depress_v very_o broad_a at_o the_o head_n but_o sharp-pointed_a black_a also_o on_o the_o inside_n but_o the_o tongue_n and_o roof_n of_o the_o mouth_n yellow_a the_o aperture_n of_o the_o mouth_n gape_v very_o wide_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o catch_a fly_n and_o gnat_n as_o she_o fly_v the_o tongue_n short_a broad_a and_o cleave_v the_o eye_n great_a and_o furnish_v with_o nictate_v membrane_n the_o irides_fw-la hazel-coloured_n the_o foot_n short_a and_o black_a the_o outmost_a toe_n grow_v to_o the_o middlemost_a at_o bottom_n the_o head_n neck_n back_o and_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o very_a lovely_a shine_a but_o dark_a purplish_a blue_a colour_n as_o well_o above_o as_o underneath_o the_o bill_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o forehead_n and_o under_o the_o chin_n be_v a_o deep_a sanguine_a spot_n but_o that_o underneath_o be_v much_o the_o big_a the_o throat_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o neck_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n white_a with_o a_o dash_n of_o red_a as_o be_v also_o the_o interior_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o tail_n be_v fork_v consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o outmost_a of_o which_o be_v a_o inch_n long_o than_o the_o next_o and_o end_n in_o sharp_a point_n of_o the_o rest_n the_o interior_a be_v also_o short_a in_o order_n than_o the_o exterior_a but_o the_o difference_n much_o less_o all_o these_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n except_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v black_a and_o each_o adorn_v with_o a_o white_a spot_n which_o spot_v cross_v the_o tail_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n the_o two_o middlemost_a want_n the_o white_a spot_n the_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o quill-feather_n alike_o black_a but_o all_o the_o covert_a feather_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a shine_a blue_a in_o the_o stomach_n of_o a_o old_a bird_n we_o find_v beetle_n in_o the_o stomach_n of_o the_o young_a many_o small_a pellucid_a unequal_a stone_n tincture_v with_o a_o fair_a claret_n colour_n not_o far_o from_o the_o egg_n small_a worm_n spiral_o roll_v up_o of_o three_o inch_n length_n these_o bird_n build_v in_o chimney_n about_o the_o end_n of_o september_n we_o see_v great_a number_n of_o they_o to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o market_n at_o valentia_n in_o spain_n when_o we_o travel_v through_o that_o country_n anno_fw-la 1664._o what_o become_v of_o swallow_n in_o winter_n time_n whether_o they_o fly_v into_o other_o country_n or_o lie_v torpid_a in_o hollow_a tree_n and_o the_o like_a place_n neither_o be_v natural_a historian_n agree_v nor_o indeed_o can_v we_o certain_o determine_v to_o we_o it_o seem_v more_o probable_a that_o they_o fly_v away_o into_o hot_a country_n viz._n egypt_n aethiopia_n etc._n etc._n then_o that_o either_o they_o lurk_v in_o hollow_a tree_n or_o hole_n of_o rock_n and_o ancient_a building_n or_o lie_v in_o water_n under_o the_o ice_n in_o northern_a country_n as_o olaus_n magnus_n report_n for_o as_o herodotus_n witness_v they_o abide_v all_o the_o year_n in_o egypt_n understand_v it_o of_o those_o that_o be_v breed_v there_o say_v aldrovandus_n for_o those_o that_o be_v breed_v with_o we_o only_o fly_v thither_o to_o winter_n i_o be_o assure_v of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n say_v peter_n martyr_n that_o swallow_n kite_n and_o other_o fowl_n fly_v over_o sea_n out_o of_o europe_n to_o alexandria_n to_o winter_n swallow_n sometime_o vary_v in_o colour_n as_o do_v also_o many_o other_o bird_n i_o have_v say_v aldrovandus_n often_o see_v house_n swallow_n all_o over_o white_a if_o any_o one_o desire_n to_o have_v white_a swallow_n let_v he_o anoint_v their_o egg_n while_o they_o sit_v with_o oyl-olive_n aldrov_n §._o ii_o the_o martin_n or_o martinet_n or_o martlet_n hirundo_fw-la agrestis_fw-la sive_fw-la rustica_fw-la plinii_n this_o be_v measure_v from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n long_o the_o wing_n be_v spread_v ten_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a it_o be_v head_n flat_a its_o bill_n also_o very_o much_o depress_v and_o flat_a as_o in_o the_o house-swallow_n at_o its_o insertion_n into_o the_o head_n ⅜_n of_o a_o inch_n broad_a but_o sharp_a at_o the_o point_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n but_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a chap_n somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o nether_a the_o mouth_n be_v yellow_a withinside_o the_o tongue_n cleave_v the_o circle_n encompass_v the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o havel-colour_n the_o foot_n small_a and_o leg_n short_a the_o sole_n of_o the_o foot_n bare_a in_o which_o appear_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o exterior_a toe_n join_v by_o a_o membrane_n the_o claw_n be_v white_a the_o foot_n to_o the_o very_a claw_n cover_v with_o a_o white_a down_o by_o which_o note_n it_o be_v easy_o distinguishable_a from_o all_o its_o fellow_n of_o the_o swallowkind_n it_o be_v head_n neck_n back_o tail_n and_o wing_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o house-swallow_n but_o sad_a and_o not_o so_o glossie_n
belly_n §._o vii_o *_o the_o chinese_n swallow_n of_o bontius_n who_o nest_n be_v edible_a in_o the_o sea-coast_n say_v he_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n a_o sort_n of_o small_a particoloured_a bird_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o swallow_n at_o a_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n their_o breed_a time_n come_v out_o of_o the_o midland_n country_n to_o the_o rock_n and_o from_o the_o foam_n or_o froth_n of_o the_o sea-water_n dash_v and_o break_v against_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o rock_n gather_v a_o certain_a clammy_a glutinous_a matter_n perchance_o the_o sperm_n of_o whale_n or_o other_o fish_n of_o which_o they_o build_v their_o nest_n wherein_o they_o lie_v their_o egg_n and_o hatch_v their_o young_a these_o nest_n the_o chinese_n pluck_v from_o the_o rock_n and_o bring_v they_o in_o great_a number_n into_o the_o east_n indies_n to_o sell_v which_o be_v esteem_v by_o glutton_n great_a delicacy_n who_o dissolve_v they_o in_o chicken_n or_o mutton_n broth_n be_v very_o fond_a of_o they_o prefer_v they_o far_o before_o oyster_n mushroom_n or_o other_o dainty_a and_o liquorish_a morsel_n which_o most_o gratify_v the_o palate_n we_o have_v see_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o nest_n in_o the_o cabinet_n of_o athanasius_n kircher_n the_o jesuit_n and_o other_o virtuoso_n they_o be_v as_o 21._o olaus_n wormius_n report_v of_o a_o hemispherical_a figure_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goose-egg_n of_o a_o substance_n resemble_v ising-glass_n concern_v their_o faculty_n or_o virtue_n say_v john_n de_fw-fr laet_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o wormius_n report_v vary_v some_o attribute_v to_o they_o something_o venereal_a other_o not_o but_o he_o write_v that_o he_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o those_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a in_o the_o east_n indies_n that_o the_o bird_n that_o build_v they_o be_v find_v upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n that_o be_v common_o call_v coromandel_n and_o chief_o about_o patane_n chap._n iu._n slender-billed_a bird_n that_o 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the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n dusky_a with_o red_a edge_n the_o interior_a of_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n have_v whitish_a tip_n the_o lesler_fw-mi covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o those_o on_o the_o body_n this_o have_v that_o extreme_a short_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n which_o some_o bird_n want_v the_o tail_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n all_o dusky_a without_o any_o variety_n of_o colour_n the_o nether_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v cinercous_a yet_o the_o low_a belly_n whitish_a but_o in_o some_o bird_n dark_a and_o of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a flesh-colour_n the_o claw_n dusky_a the_o hind-claw_a great_a and_o long_o than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n the_o outmost_a toe_n as_o in_o other_o small_a bird_n at_o bottom_n grow_v to_o the_o middlemost_a the_o cock_n have_v large_a testicle_n the_o blind_a gut_n seem_v to_o we_o in_o this_o to_o be_v more_o round_o and_o tumid_a than_o in_o other_o small_a bird_n the_o stomach_n be_v not_o very_o fleshy_a it_o build_v in_o hedge_n and_o lay_v common_o five_o egg_n be_v foolish_a bird_n and_o easy_o take_v its_o egg_n be_v of_o a_o fine_a pale_a blue_a or_o sea-green_a colour_n a_o late_a english_a writer_n say_v that_o they_o be_v a_o very_a pleasant_a song-bird_n sing_v early_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o have_v great_a variety_n of_o note_n old_a or_o young_a become_v tame_a very_o swift_o and_o will_v sing_v in_o a_o short_a space_n after_o they_o be_v take_v if_o you_o take_v they_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o january_n or_o beginning_n of_o february_n it_o be_v weight_n be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n its_o measure_n be_v from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o claw_n six_o inch_n to_o the_o tail_n end_v seven_o from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n spread_v eight_o and_o a_o half_a perchance_o this_o may_v be_v the_o bird_n which_o gesner_n make_v his_o first_o curruca_n who_o figure_n you_o have_v in_o aldrovands_n ornithology_n lib._n 17._o cap._n 34._o in_o the_o nest_n of_o this_o bird_n the_o cuckoo_n be_v say_v to_o lay_v her_o egg_n which_o the_o foolish_a bird_n sit_v upon_o hatch_n and_o bring_v up_o the_o young_a one_o till_o it_o be_v fledge_v and_o can_v shift_v for_o itself_o whence_o the_o word_n curruca_n signify_v as_o much_o in_o latin_a as_o cuckold_n with_o we_o in_o english_a i._n e._n one_o that_o bring_v up_o another_o man_n child_n for_o his_o own_o i_o suppose_v our_o word_n cuckold_n come_v from_o cuckoo_n but_o a_o man_n abuse_v in_o that_o manner_n be_v very_o improper_o so_o call_v he_o that_o abuse_v he_o be_v indeed_o the_o cuckoo_n that_o lay_v a_o egg_n in_o his_o nest_n whether_o or_o no_o this_o bird_n do_v hatch_v and_o bring_v up_o the_o young_a cuckoo_n i_o can_v say_v of_o my_o own_o experience_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a cuckows-nurse_n for_o i_o have_v know_v the_o water-wagtail_n and_o other_o bird_n perform_v that_o office_n aldrovandus_n describe_v his_o magnanina_n in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o aldrov_n sparrow_n have_v a_o slender_a sharp_a black_a bill_n on_o the_o nether_a side_n down_o to_o the_o belly_n of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n the_o belly_n be_v white_a behind_o the_o eye_n it_o have_v a_o notable_a spot_n of_o almost_o a_o chestnut_n colour_n of_o which_o colour_n be_v also_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n the_o great_a wing-feather_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n of_o a_o spadiceous_a but_o pale_a than_o the_o back_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellow_a the_o claw_n black_a some_o of_o our_o fowler_n call_v it_o magnanina_n as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o smith_n or_o carpenter-bird_n perchance_o because_o it_o make_v a_o loud_a knock_n or_o snap_v with_o its_o bill_n as_o it_o catch_v fly_n other_o call_v it_o passere_fw-la matto_fw-it that_o be_v a_o foolish_a sparrow_n perhaps_o from_o its_o colour_n which_o approach_v to_o spadiceous_a or_o rather_o because_o it_o easy_o yield_v itself_o to_o be_v take_v chap._n v._o the_o beccafigo_n or_o fig-eater_n perchance_o the_o four_o or_o seven_o ficedula_fw-la of_o aldrovandus_n to_o which_o be_v subjoin_v the_o description_n of_o other_o small_a bird_n akin_a to_o this_o out_o of_o aldrovand_n this_o be_v a_o very_a small_a bird_n scarce_o so_o big_a as_o the_o common_a linnet_n short_a body_v the_o colour_n of_o its_o head_n neck_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n from_o ash-colour_n incline_v to_o green_a in_o some_o dusky_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o green_a it_o have_v the_o same_o number_n of_o wing_n and_o tail-feather_n with_o all_o other_o small_a bird_n but_o the_o quill_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o mouse-dun_a with_o black_a shaft_n and_o green_a edge_n the_o lesser_a row_n of_o feather_n that_o cover_v the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v yellow_a the_o tail_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n long_o not_o fork_v and_o all_o its_o feather_n of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n the_o belly_n of_o a_o white_a or_o silver_n colour_n the_o breast_n something_o dark_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o yellow_a the_o bill_n be_v short_a the_o upper_a mandible_a black_a the_o low_a bluish_a the_o mouth_n withinside_o of_o a_o red_a or_o flesh-colour_n the_o leg_n short_a the_o foot_n bluish_a and_o in_o some_o of_o a_o lead_n colour_n this_o bird_n be_v not_o remarkable_a for_o any_o variety_n of_o colour_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_o so_o to_o describe_v it_o as_o by_o certain_a and_o characteristic_a note_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o in_o its_o stomach_n dissect_v we_o find_v grape-stone_n and_o other_o seed_n mr._n jessop_n shoot_v this_o bird_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o send_v it_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o pettychap_n the_o
in_o a_o cage_n like_o the_o nightingale_n line_v with_o bay_n and_o have_v moss_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o give_v they_o sheep_n heart_n and_o egg_n or_o the_o nightingale_n paste_n or_o woodlark_n meat_n in_o a_o trap-cage_n with_o a_o meal-worm_n you_o may_v take_v a_o dozen_o in_o a_o day_n the_o cock_n may_v be_v know_v by_o his_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_n and_o the_o red_a go_v up_o further_o upon_o the_o head_n he_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o cramp_n and_o dizziness_n for_o the_o first_o give_v he_o three_o or_o four_o meal-worm_n and_o spider_n for_o the_o latter_a six_o or_o seven_o earwig_n a_o week_n chap._n ix_o the_o nightingale_n luscinia_fw-la seu_fw-la philomela_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d graecis_fw-la the_o nightingale_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o sing_a bird_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goldfinch_n or_o redstard_n long-bodied_n of_o a_o ounce_n weight_n from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n seven_o inch_n long_o and_o between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v ten_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a it_o be_v colour_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n viz._n head_n and_o back_o be_v a_o pale_a colour_n fulvous_n with_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o green_a like_o that_o of_o a_o redw_v it_o be_v tail_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a fulvous_n or_o red_a like_o a_o redstart_n from_o its_o red_a colour_n it_o take_v its_o name_n rossignuolo_n in_o italian_a it_o be_v belly_n be_v white_a the_o part_n under_o the_o wing_n the_o breast_n and_o throat_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a colour_n with_o a_o tincture_n of_o green_a in_o each_o wing_n it_o have_v eighteen_o quil-feather_n beside_o the_o outmost_a small_a one_o the_o interior_a web_n whereof_o be_v livid_v the_o exterior_a fulvous_n the_o tail_n as_o we_o say_v be_v red_a not_o fork_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a compound_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o bill_n slender_a straight_o indifferent_a long_a viz._n measure_v from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n 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sine_fw-la intermissu_fw-la cantus_fw-la densante_fw-la se_fw-la frondium_fw-la germine_fw-la non_fw-la in_o novissimum_fw-la digna_fw-la miratu_fw-la ave_fw-la primùm_fw-la tanta_fw-la vox_fw-la tam_fw-la parvo_fw-la in_o corpusculo_fw-la tam_fw-la pertinax_fw-la spiritus_fw-la deinde_fw-la in_o una_fw-la perfecta_fw-la musicae_fw-la scientia_fw-la modulatus_fw-la editur_fw-la sonus_fw-la et_fw-la nunc_fw-la continuo_fw-la spiritu_fw-la trahitur_fw-la in_o longum_fw-la nunc_fw-la variatur_fw-la inflexo_fw-la nunc_fw-la distinguitur_fw-la conciso_fw-la copulatur_fw-la intorto_fw-la promittitur_fw-la revocato_fw-la infuscatur_fw-la ex_fw-la inopinato_fw-la interdum_fw-la &_o secum_fw-la ipse_fw-la murmurat_fw-la plenus_fw-la gravis_fw-la acutus_fw-la creber_n extensus_fw-la ubi_fw-la visum_fw-la est_fw-la vibrans_fw-la summus_fw-la medius_fw-la imus_fw-la breviterque_fw-la omne_fw-la tam_fw-la parvulis_fw-la in_o faucibus_fw-la quae_fw-la tot_fw-la exquisitis_fw-la tibiarum_fw-la tormentis_fw-la ars_fw-la hominum_fw-la excogitavit_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la dubium_fw-la hanc_fw-la suavitatem_fw-la praemonstratam_fw-la ac_fw-la nè_fw-la quis_fw-la dubitet_fw-la artis_fw-la esse_fw-la plures_fw-la singulis_fw-la sunt_fw-la cantus_fw-la nec_fw-la iidem_fw-la omnibus_fw-la sed_fw-la svi_fw-la cuique_fw-la certant_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la palámque_fw-la animosa_fw-la contentio_fw-la est_fw-la victa_fw-la morte_fw-la finit_a saepe_fw-la vitam_fw-la spiritu_fw-la priùs_fw-la deficiente_fw-la quam_fw-la cantu_fw-la meditantur_fw-la aliae_fw-la juniores_fw-la versúsque_fw-la quos_fw-la imitentur_fw-la accipiunt_fw-la audit_n discipula_fw-la intention_n magna_fw-la &_o reddit_fw-la vicibúsque_fw-la reticent_fw-la intelligitur_fw-la emendatae_fw-la correctio_fw-la &_o in_o docente_fw-la quaedam_fw-la reprehensio_fw-la thus_o pliny_n the_o rhetorical_a harangue_n of_o modern_a writer_n in_o commendation_n of_o the_o nightingale_n i_o studious_o omit_v since_o almost_o all_o they_o have_v concern_v it_o be_v owe_v to_o pliny_n be_v either_o repeat_v in_o the_o same_o word_n or_o a_o few_o only_o change_v or_o else_o compose_v in_o imitation_n of_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v out_o of_o he_o these_o thing_n though_o with_o i_o they_o scarce_o obtain_v belief_n yet_o will_v they_o seem_v very_o credible_a if_o compare_v with_o what_o gesner_n from_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o certain_a friend_n of_o he_o deliver_v concern_v the_o admirable_a faculty_n of_o these_o bird_n in_o imitate_v of_o humane_a speech_n to_o these_o thing_n say_v he_o let_v i_o add_v a_o story_n which_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o a_o very_a learned_a and_o credible_a person_n write_v to_o i_o because_o you_o be_v write_v of_o bird_n i_o will_v tell_v you_o something_o concern_v nightingale_n imitate_v man_n voice_n and_o repeat_v their_o discourse_n which_o be_v indeed_o wonderful_a and_o almost_o incredible_a but_o yet_o most_o true_a and_o which_o i_o myself_o hear_v with_o these_o ear_n and_o have_v experience_n of_o this_o last_o diet_n at_o ratisbone_n in_o the_o year_n 1546._o whilst_o i_o lodge_v there_o in_o a_o common_a inn_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o golden_a crown_n our_o host_n have_v three_o nightingale_n placed_z separately_z so_o that_o each_o be_v shut_v up_o single_o by_o itself_o in_o a_o dark_a cage_n it_o happen_v that_o at_o that_o time_n be_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o year_n when_o those_o bird_n be_v wont_a to_o sing_v indefatigable_o and_o almost_o incessant_o i_o be_v so_o afflict_v with_o the_o stone_n that_o i_o can_v sleep_v but_o very_o little_a all_o night_n then_o about_o and_o after_o midnight_n when_o there_o be_v no_o noise_n in_o the_o house_n but_o all_o still_o you_o may_v have_v hear_v strange_a jangle_n and_o emulation_n of_o two_o nightingale_n talk_v one_o with_o another_o and_o plain_o imitate_v man_n discourse_n for_o my_o part_n i_o be_v almost_o astonish_v with_o wonder_n for_o they_o in_o the_o night-season_n when_o all_o be_v whist_a and_o quiet_a in_o conference_n together_o produce_v and_o repeat_v whatever_o they_o have_v hear_v in_o the_o day_n time_n from_o the_o guest_n talk_v together_o and_o have_v think_v upon_o those_o two_o of_o they_o which_o be_v most_o notable_a and_o master_n of_o this_o art_n be_v scarce_o ten_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o three_o hang_v more_o remote_a so_o that_o i_o can_v not_o so_o well_o hear_v it_o as_o i_o lie_v in_o bed_n but_o those_o two_o it_o be_v wonderful_a to_o tell_v how_o they_o provoke_v one_o another_o and_o by_o answer_v invite_v and_o draw_v one_o another_o to_o speak_v yet_o do_v they_o not_o confound_v their_o word_n talk_v both_o together_o but_o rather_o utter_v they_o alternate_o or_o by_o course_n but_o beside_o the_o daily_a discourse_n which_o they_o have_v late_o hear_v of_o the_o guest_n they_o do_v chant_v out_o especial_o two_o story_n one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o a_o long_a time_n even_o from_o 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amiss_o if_o they_o grow_v melancholy_a put_v into_o their_o water_n some_o white_a sugar-candy_n and_o if_o that_o will_v not_o do_v about_o six_o or_o eight_o chive_v of_o saffron_n continue_v withal_o to_o give_v they_o the_o paste_n and_o sheep_n heart_n shred_v very_o fine_a and_o also_o three_o or_o four_o meal-worm_n a_o day_n and_o a_o few_o ant_n and_o ant_n egg_n also_o boil_v a_o new-laid_a egg_n and_o chap_v it_o small_a and_o strew_v it_o among_o the_o ant_n and_o their_o eggs._n §._o vi_o how_o to_o provoke_v a_o nightingale_n to_o sing_v to_o make_v nightingale_n sing_v more_o than_o ordinary_o or_o at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o be_v not_o wont_a give_v they_o in_o wintertime_n paste_n of_o pine_n kernel_n pound_v and_o in_o their_o drinking-cup_n a_o chive_fw-mi or_o two_o of_o saffron_n for_o those_o two_o thing_n by_o heat_a they_o render_v they_o cheerful_a and_o brisk_a without_o induce_v any_o noxious_a alteration_n and_o so_o excite_v they_o to_o sing_v that_o 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the_o form_n of_o a_o soft_a ointment_n then_o diligent_o observe_v the_o bush_n and_o particular_a branch_n on_o which_o the_o nightingale_n be_v wont_a to_o sit_v and_o sing_v and_o there_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o little_a shelf_n of_o the_o leaf_n and_o bough_n lay_v thereon_o some_o meal-worm_n and_o anoint_v the_o branch_n next_o to_o your_o shelf_n with_o this_o unguent_n the_o nightingale_n when_o he_o return_v from_o feed_v will_v present_o fly_v up_o to_o his_o bough_n and_o find_v there_o the_o meal-worm_n will_v fall_v a_o eat_n of_o they_o and_o scent_v the_o odour_n of_o the_o ointment_n will_v begin_v to_o sing_v and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v intoxicate_v with_o the_o perfume_n will_v not_o give_v over_o nor_o stir_v from_o the_o place_n though_o you_o take_v the_o bough_n from_o about_o he_o for_o as_o the_o nightingale_n exceed_v all_o other_o bird_n in_o sing_v so_o do_v he_o also_o in_o the_o exquisiteness_n of_o his_o scent_n wherefore_o also_o when_o wild_a he_o do_v most_o willing_o haunt_v where_o sweet_a herb_n grow_v and_o be_v particular_o delight_v in_o musk_n so_o that_o a_o grain_n or_o two_o of_o true_a musk_n put_v in_o cotton_n and_o that_o in_o a_o small_a reed_n serve_v for_o he_o to_o perch_n on_o in_o his_o cage_n will_v provoke_v he_o to_o sing_v chap._n x._o the_o black-cap_n atricapilla_fw-la seu_fw-la ficedula_fw-la aldrov_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o italian_n capo_n negro_n this_o be_v a_o very_a small_a bird_n not_o weigh_v above_o half_a a_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n its_o breadth_n between_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o nine_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n be_v black_a whence_o it_o take_v its_o name_n the_o neck_n cinereous_a the_o whole_a back_n of_o a_o dark_a green_a the_o quill-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o in_o number_n of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n save_v that_o their_o edge_n be_v a_o little_a green_a the_o tail_n have_v twelve_o feather_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o almost_o equal_a sharp-pointed_a of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n with_o a_o little_a tincture_n of_o green_a the_o nether_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o throat_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n the_o low_a belly_n white_a tincture_v with_o yellow_a the_o bill_n straight_o slender_a black_a long_o and_o lesser_a than_o in_o the_o titmice_n the_o tongue_n cleave_v and_o rough_a the_o foot_n of_o a_o lead_n colour_n the_o claw_n black_a the_o outmost_a toe_n below_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o middlemost_a the_o head_n of_o the_o female_a be_v of_o a_o brown_a or_o chestnut_n colour_n rather_o than_o black_a this_o bird_n be_v frequent_a in_o italy_n it_o be_v also_o find_v in_o england_n but_o more_o rare_o turner_n in_o vain_a contradict_v gesner_n say_v that_o the_o first_o summer_n the_o head_n of_o these_o bird_n be_v red_a and_o afterward_o grow_v black_a and_o that_o in_o the_o cock_n only_o for_o in_o the_o hen_n it_o continue_v always_o red_a the_o ancient_n report_n that_o the_o black-cap_n atricapillae_fw-la in_o the_o begin_n of_o autumn_n be_v change_v into_o ficedulae_n or_o beccafigos_n by_o the_o mutation_n of_o their_o voice_n and_o colour_n from_o who_o till_o i_o be_v assure_v by_o experience_n i_o must_v crave_v leave_n to_o dissent_v *_o the_o four_o beccafigo_n of_o aldrovand_n the_o beccafico_n describe_v by_o aldrovand_n in_o the_o four_o and_o five_o place_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o ficedulae_n may_v perchance_o differ_v specifical_o from_o our_o black-cap_n on_o the_o upper_a side_n head_z back_o wing_n and_o tail_n it_o be_v of_o a_o brown_a colour_n incline_v to_o a_o chestnut_n the_o female_a on_o the_o nether_a side_n be_v all_o white_a the_o male_a from_o white_a decline_v to_o cinereous_a the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n in_o the_o male_a be_v black_a with_o some_o white_a one_o intermix_v in_o the_o female_a they_o incline_v to_o a_o chestnut_n colour_n as_o do_v also_o the_o tail_n which_o in_o the_o cock_n be_v black_a contrariwise_o the_o foot_n in_o the_o cock_n incline_v to_o a_o chestnut_n colour_n in_o the_o hen_n be_v black_a beccasigo_n abound_v in_o candy_n as_o bellonius_fw-la witness_n and_o also_o in_o the_o island_n of_o cyprus_n where_o they_o be_v salt_v up_o in_o great_a number_n and_o transport_v into_o other_o country_n with_o we_o in_o england_n they_o be_v call_v by_o a_o general_a name_n cyprus-bird_n and_o be_v in_o no_o less_o esteem_n with_o our_o merchant_n for_o the_o delicacy_n of_o their_o taste_n than_o they_o be_v of_o old_a with_o the_o italian_n and_o that_o deserve_o say_v aldrovandus_n for_o feed_v upon_o two_o of_o the_o choice_a fruit_n viz._n fig_n and_o grape_n they_o must_v needs_o become_v a_o more_o wholesome_a food_n than_o other_o bird_n yield_v a_o better_a nourishment_n and_o of_o more_o easy_a concoction_n beccafigo_n be_v account_v best_o and_o most_o in_o season_n in_o the_o autumn_n as_o be_v then_o fat_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o meat_n that_o season_n afford_v they_o at_o which_o time_n they_o be_v high_o prize_v and_o covet_v by_o the_o italian_n even_o now_o adays_o chap._n xi_o the_o gloden-crowned_a wren_n regulus_n cristatus_fw-la aldrov_n lib._n 17._o cap._n 1._o the_o trochilus_n of_o pliny_n and_o 11._o aristotle_n who_o also_o call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d other_o call_v it_o by_o a_o diminutive_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o tuscany_n it_o be_v call_v fior_n rancio_n that_o be_v the_o marigold_n flower_n from_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o crest_n this_o be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o bird_n find_v with_o we_o in_o england_n weigh_v not_o more_o than_o one_o single_a drachm_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n four_o and_o a_o quarter_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v six_o and_o three_o quarter_n the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o most_o beautiful_a bright_a spot_n which_o they_o call_v a_o crest_n of_o a_o deep_a saffron_n or_o pale_a scarlet_a colour_n hence_o it_o get_v those_o ambitious_a title_n of_o tyrant_n regulus_n and_o tyrannus_n this_o crest_n or_o crown_n if_o you_o please_v so_o to_o call_v it_o it_o can_v when_o it_o list_v by_o corrugate_a its_o forehead_n and_o draw_v the_o side_n of_o the_o spot_n together_o whole_o conceal_v and_o render_v invisible_a it_o be_v of_o a_o oblong_a figure_n and_o extend_v direct_o through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o head_n from_o the_o bill_n towards_o the_o neck_n
the_o edge_n of_o it_o on_o both_o side_n be_v yellow_a the_o whole_a be_v environ_v with_o a_o black_a line_n the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o lovely_a shine_a yellowish_a green_a colour_n the_o eye_n be_v encompass_v with_o white_a the_o neck_n and_o all_o the_o back_n from_o a_o dark_a green_a incline_v to_o yellow_a the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o sordid_a white_a in_o the_o bird_n that_o i_o j._n r._n describe_v the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v dash_v with_o a_o faint_a green_a the_o wing_n be_v concave_a not_o much_o unlike_a to_o a_o chassinch_v wing_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o in_o almost_o all_o small_a bird_n be_v eighteen_o all_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n only_o their_o exterior_a edge_n yellowish_a and_o their_o interior_a whitish_a the_o tip_n also_o of_o the_o three_o next_o to_o the_o body_n be_v white_a but_o what_o be_v most_o especial_o notable_a in_o the_o wing_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v that_o the_o middle_a quill-feather_n or_o indeed_o all_o exclude_v the_o five_o outmost_a and_o the_o three_o inmost_a have_v their_o exterior_a web_n as_o far_o as_o they_o appear_v above_o the_o covert_a feather_n to_o a_o considerable_a breadth_n black_a so_o that_o when_o the_o wing_n be_v shut_v they_o make_v a_o black_a spot_n of_o a_o good_a bigness_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o wing_n the_o outmost_a quil-feather_n be_v very_o short_a and_o little_a the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o first_o row_n have_v white_a tip_n all_o together_o make_v a_o white_a line_n across_o the_o wing_n above_o also_o towards_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v a_o white_a spot_n the_o tail_n be_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o sharp-pointed_a feather_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a not_o forcipate_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n only_o the_o exterior_a border_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a the_o bill_n be_v slender_a straight_o black_a half_o a_o inch_n long_o the_o foot_n yellowish_a and_o the_o claw_n of_o a_o not_o much_o different_a colour_n the_o tongue_n long_o sharp_a and_o cleave_v the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o stomach_n small_a musculous_a and_o full_a of_o infect_v whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a as_o aristotle_n right_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o vermivorousbird_n the_o female_a as_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n have_v not_o so_o fair_a colour_n we_o see_v of_o these_o bird_n first_o to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o market_n at_o nurenberg_n afterward_o our_o worthy_a friend_n mr._n fr._n jessop_n of_o broomhall_n in_o sheffield_n parish_n who_o we_o have_v occasion_n often_o to_o mention_v in_o this_o work_n send_v we_o of_o they_o which_o he_o have_v find_v and_o catch_v in_o the_o mountainous_a wood_n about_o highloe_n near_o hathersedge_n in_o the_o peak_n of_o derbyshire_n the_o same_o also_o find_v they_o here_o in_o middleton_n park_n in_o warwickshire_n where_o he_o shoot_v they_o and_o bring_v they_o to_o we_o they_o abide_v and_o haunt_v for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o top_n of_o tree_n especial_o oak_n what_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o antipathy_n and_o feud_n between_o this_o bird_n and_o the_o eagle_n we_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o old_a wife_n fable_n aldrovandus_n write_v that_o she_o lay_v six_o or_o seven_o egg_n together_o before_o she_o sit_v not_o big_a than_o pease_n chap._n xii_o a_o little_a yellowish_a bird_n without_o name_n call_v by_o aldrovandus_n regulus_n non_fw-la cristatus_fw-la perchance_o the_o asilus_n of_o bellonius_fw-la or_o the_o luteola_fw-la of_o turner_n this_o be_v equal_a to_o or_o somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o crest_a wren_n weigh_v two_o drachm_n be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n five_o inch_n in_o breadth_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v seven_o all_o its_o upper_a side_n save_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a or_o cinereous_a colour_n tincture_v with_o green_a the_o rump_n be_v green_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o back_n a_o yellowish_a line_n be_v produce_v from_o the_o nostril_n above_o the_o eye_n almost_o to_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n the_o nether_a side_n viz._n the_o throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a with_o a_o dash_n of_o green_a and_o sometime_o yellow_a the_o wing_n and_o tail-feather_n be_v dusky_a have_v their_o outer_a edge_n green_a the_o feather_n under_o the_o bastard-wing_n and_o the_o covert_n of_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n from_o green_a decline_n to_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a each_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o prime_a feather_n the_o outmost_a of_o which_o be_v very_o short_a and_o small_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o not_o fork_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o sharp-pointed_a feather_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v slender_a straight_o sharp_a half_o a_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a mandible_a be_v dusky_a on_o the_o outside_n but_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v yellowish_a the_o mouth_n within_o yellow_a the_o nostril_n be_v large_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n small_a of_o a_o dusky_a amber_n colour_n the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n at_o bottom_n grow_v to_o the_o middle_a one_o it_o be_v gizzard_n be_v small_a it_o sing_v like_o a_o grasshopper_n and_o do_v much_o frequent_a willow-tree_n it_o be_v much_o in_o motion_n continual_o creep_v up_o and_o down_o tree_n and_o shrub_n and_o sing_v with_o a_o querulous_a note_n it_o build_v its_o nest_n of_o moss_n and_o straw_n and_o a_o few_o feather_n and_o hair_n within_o it_o lay_v five_o egg_n all_o over_o besprinkle_v with_o red_a speck_n the_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n vary_v in_o colour_n some_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a some_o of_o a_o deep_a green_a or_o yellow_a in_o some_o the_o belly_n be_v white_a without_o any_o tincture_n of_o green_a mr._n jessop_n set_v we_o a_o bird_n in_o all_o point_n exact_o like_o that_o here_o describe_v and_o who_o note_n regulus_n also_o resemble_v the_o noise_n of_o a_o grasshopper_n but_o twice_o as_o big_a now_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v judge_v whether_o the_o asilus_n of_o bellonius_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o this_o bird_n as_o we_o suppose_v we_o will_v subjoin_v bellonius_fw-la his_fw-la description_n thereof_o the_o asilus_n 6._o say_v he_o be_v of_o all_o bird_n the_o least_o except_o the_o regulus_n and_o tyrannus_n that_o be_v according_a to_o he_o the_o common_a wren_n and_o the_o crest_a wren_n at_o least_o there_o be_v none_o less_o than_o it_o it_o be_v almost_o always_o sing_v it_o will_v be_v like_a to_o the_o crest_a wren_n be_v not_o the_o crest_n on_o its_o head_n yellow_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v yellow_a in_o the_o fold_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o in_o their_o extremity_n as_o also_o upon_o the_o back_n and_o about_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n foot_n claw_n and_o bill_n be_v black_a but_o both_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o bill_n have_v something_o of_o yellow_a it_o be_v long_o weak_a and_o fit_a to_o catch_v infect_v upon_o which_o it_o feed_v refuse_v grain_n and_o life_n in_o the_o shady_a place_n of_o wood_n aristotle_n mention_n a_o little_a bird_n by_o the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gaza_n render_v it_o asilus_n think_v to_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v not_o much_o big_a than_o the_o insect_n oestrus_n chap._n xiii_o the_o wren_n passer_n troglodite_n of_o aldrovand_n by_o turner_n and_o bellonius_fw-la call_v false_o regulus_n it_o weigh_v three_o drachm_n be_v extend_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o equal_a to_o six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o head_n neck_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a spadiceous_a colour_n especial_o the_o rump_n and_o tail_n the_o back_n wing_n and_o tail_n be_v vary_v with_o cross_a black_a line_n the_o throat_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a the_o middle_a of_o the_o breast_n white_a below_o it_o have_v black_a transverse_a line_n as_o have_v also_o the_o side_n the_o low_a belly_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a red_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n be_v mark_v with_o three_o or_o four_o small_a white_a spot_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v alike_o spot_v the_o number_n of_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v eighteen_o the_o tail_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o hold_v erect_v be_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o bill_n be_v half_a a_o inch_n long_o slender_a yellowish_a beneath_o dusky_a above_o the_o mouth_n withinside_o yellow_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o outer_a toe_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o middle_a one_o as_o far_o as_o the_o first_o joint_n it_o creep_v about_o hedge_n and_o hole_n whence_o it_o be_v not_o
frequent_v garden_n rather_o than_o mountainous_a place_n it_o build_v like_o the_o wren_n or_o more_o artificial_o make_v a_o arch_n over_o the_o nest_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n and_o contexture_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nest_n so_o that_o the_o nest_n resemble_v a_o egg_n erect_v upon_o one_o end_n a_o small_a hole_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o side_n whereat_o the_o bird_n go_v in_o and_o out_o by_o this_o mean_v both_o egg_n and_o young_a be_v secure_v from_o all_o injury_n of_o the_o air_n wind_n rain_n cold_a etc._n etc._n and_o that_o they_o may_v lie_v soft_a she_o line_n the_o nest_n within_o with_o store_n of_o feather_n and_o down_o without_o she_o build_v the_o side_n and_o roof_n of_o it_o of_o moss_n and_o wool_n curious_o interweave_v aldrovand_n in_o the_o seventeen_o book_n and_o sixteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o ornithology_n do_v accurate_o describe_v the_o nest_n of_o this_o bird_n such_o as_o we_o have_v more_o than_o once_o see_v in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v of_o a_o oblong_a figure_n like_o a_o pineapple_n of_o two_o palm_n length_n and_o one_o broad_a round_o build_v of_o sundry_a material_n viz._n both_o tree_n and_o earth-moss_n caterpillar_n web_n and_o other_o like_a woolly_a matter_n and_o hen_n feather_n with_o that_o order_n and_o art_n that_o the_o chief_a and_o middle_a strength_n of_o the_o work_n or_o texture_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v of_o that_o yellowish_a green_a moss_n the_o common_a hairy_a moss_n that_o silk-like_a matter_n and_o tough_a thread_n resemble_v those_o filament_n suspend_v in_o the_o air_n and_o fly_v up_o and_o down_o like_o spider_n web_n which_o be_v account_v sign_n of_o fair_a weather_n connect_v and_o interweave_v or_o rather_o entangle_v so_o firm_o together_o that_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v pluck_v asunder_o of_o the_o interior_a capacity_n all_o the_o side_n it_o seem_v as_o well_o as_o the_o bottom_n be_v cover_v and_o line_v with_o feather_n for_o the_o more_o soft_a and_o warm_a lie_v of_o the_o 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from_o the_o wood_n in_o which_o it_o live_v especial_o about_o fir-tree_n and_o juniper_n call_v it_o waldmeiszle_n and_o thannenmeiszle_v other_o from_o its_o note_n zilzilperle_n for_o it_o sing_v zul_a zil_v zalp_n mr._n willughby_n be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o bird_n describe_v by_o gesner_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o regulus_n cristatus_fw-la chap._n xxiii_o §._o i._o *_o the_o brasilian_n tangara_n of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v a_o elegant_a bird_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o chaffinch_n it_o have_v a_o straight_a pretty_a thick_a black_a bill_n black_a eye_n leg_n and_o foot_n from_o cinereous_a incline_n to_o dusky_a on_o the_o forehead_n above_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o bill_n it_o have_v a_o spot_n of_o black_a feather_n the_o whole_a head_n and_o neck_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o shine_a sea-green_a a_o circle_n or_o border_n of_o black_a feather_n encompasles_a the_o begin_n of_o the_o back_n like_o a_o collar_n but_o wing_n below_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o back_n be_v cover_v with_o yellow_a feather_n the_o whole_a low_a belly_n be_v of_o a_o rare_a blue_a the_o wing_n be_v black_a and_o their_o lateral_a extremity_n blue_a so_o that_o when_o close_v they_o appear_v whole_o blue_a and_o their_o whole_a end_n outside_n or_o border_n tota_fw-la extremitas_fw-la seem_v black_a the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wing_n also_o outside_n external_o shine_v with_o sea-green_a feather_n and_o in_o the_o ridge_n or_o upper_a lateral_a extremity_n of_o each_o wing_n be_v yellow_a feather_n intermix_v it_o have_v a_o tail_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a of_o black_a feather_n but_o who_o lateral_a extremity_n or_o border_n be_v blue_a the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a it_o be_v keep_v shut_v up_o in_o cage_n and_o cry_n zip_n zip_n like_o the_o rubrica_fw-la call_v by_o the_o german_n gympel_v it_o be_v feed_v with_o meal_n and_o bread_n this_o description_n be_v conceive_v in_o such_o obscure_a word_n that_o i_o do_v not_o well_o understand_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o author_n and_o therefore_o the_o learned_a reader_n will_v do_v well_o to_o consult_v the_o latin_a §._o ii_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o tangara_n it_o be_v of_o the_o shape_n and_o bigness_n of_o our_o common_a sparrow_n have_v a_o bill_n from_o yellow_a yellow_a incline_n to_o dusky_a somewhat_o broad_a sharp-pointed_a the_o nether_a chap_n much_o short_a than_o the_o upper_a black_a eye_n the_o whole_a head_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o rare_a lead_n scarlet_a colour_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n with_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n of_o a_o shine_a black_a the_o thigh_n be_v cover_v with_o white_a feather_n and_o in_o their_o exterior_a side_n have_v a_o oblong_v scarlet_a spot_n as_o if_o they_o be_v stain_v with_o blood_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v ash-coloured_a and_o have_v four_o toe_n dispose_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o tail_n be_v short_a of_o a_o inch_n length_n and_o the_o wing_n end_v near_o its_o rise_n i._n e._n when_o withdraw_v or_o close_v reach_v no_o further_o than_o the_o rise_v of_o the_o tail_n book_n ii_o part_n ii_o sect_n ii_o memb._n ii_o small_a bird_n with_o thick_a short_a strong_a bill_n common_o call_v hard-billed_a bird_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o gros-beak_n or_o haw-finch_n call_v by_o gesner_n coccothraustes_n §._o 1._o the_o common_a gros-beak_n coccothraustes_n vulgaris_fw-la this_o bird_n for_o the_o bigness_n of_o its_o body_n but_o especial_o of_o its_o bill_n in_o which_o it_o exceed_v all_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n do_v just_o challenge_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a place_n among_o thick-billed_n bird_n the_o french_a from_o the_o bigness_n of_o its_o bill_n do_v fit_o call_v it_o grosbec_n the_o italian_n frisone_n or_o frosone_n hesychius_n and_o varinus_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d write_v only_o that_o it_o be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o bird_n but_o what_o manner_n of_o bird_n they_o do_v not_o explain_v gesner_n observe_v that_o name_n exact_o to_o fit_v this_o bird_n impose_v it_o upon_o it_o it_o be_v big_a than_o a_o chaffinch_n by_o about_o one_o three_o part_n short-bodied_n its_o head_n big_a than_o for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n it_o be_v bill_n very_o great_a hard_a from_o a_o broad_a base_a end_n in_o a_o sharp_a point_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o cone_n or_o funnel_n half_o a_o inch_n long_o have_v a_o large_a cavity_n within_o of_o a_o whitish_a flesh-colour_n almost_o like_o that_o of_o the_o interior_a surface_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o pearl_n shell_n only_o the_o tip_n blackish_a the_o eye_n be_v grey_a or_o ash-coloured_a as_o in_o jackdaw_n the_o tongue_n seem_v as_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o as_o in_o the_o chaffinch_n the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a red_a the_o claw_n great_a especial_o those_o of_o the_o middle_n and_o back-toe_n the_o middle_a toe_n be_v the_o long_a the_o outer_a fore-toe_n and_o the_o back-toe_n be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o at_o the_o base_a of_o the_o bill_n grow_v orange-coloured_n feather_n between_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o eye_n black_a the_o low_a chap_n in_o the_o male_n be_v compass_v with_o a_o border_n of_o black_a feather_n the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a red_a or_o rusty_a colour_n the_o neck_n cinereous_a the_o back_o red_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v whitish_a the_o rump_n from_o yellow_a incline_v to_o cinereous_a the_o side_n and_o breast_n but_o especial_o the_o side_n be_v of_o a_o mix_a colour_n of_o red_a and_o cinereous_a under_o the_o tail_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n the_o plumage_n be_v white_a in_o another_o bird_n the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o grey_a or_o ash-colour_n tincture_v with_o red_a the_o head_n and_o throat_n greenish_a the_o side_n and_o
the_o wing_n it_o have_v less_o yellow_a and_o without_o no_o orange_n colour_n in_o brief_a it_o be_v every_o where_o more_o discolour_a the_o interior_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v red_a the_o inmost_a of_o all_o black_a with_o red_a edge_n begin_v from_o the_o four_o seven_o or_o eight_o of_o the_o subsequent_a feather_n have_v a_o white_a spot_n on_o the_o outside_n their_o shaft_n by_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n underneath_o also_o their_o exterior_a edge_n be_v whitish_a else_o the_o quil-feather_n be_v all_o black_a the_o plumage_n near_o the_o base_a of_o the_o wing_n underneath_o be_v of_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a above_o of_o a_o orange_a colour_n the_o tail_n be_v four_o inch_n ⅛_n long_o compound_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o a_o black_a colour_n but_o the_o exterior_a web_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o both_o side_n be_v white_a and_o sometime_o also_o the_o interior_a the_o tip_n and_o edge_n of_o the_o two_o middle_a feather_n be_v of_o a_o red_a ash-colour_n at_o venice_n we_o find_v great_a number_n of_o these_o bird_n in_o the_o poulterer_n shop_n in_o winter_n time_n whence_o we_o infer_v that_o they_o be_v common_a in_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o at_o least_o in_o that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n they_o be_v find_v also_o in_o england_n but_o more_o rare_o these_o bird_n also_o sometime_o vary_v in_o their_o colour_n hence_o in_o aldrovandus_n we_o have_v three_o figure_n and_o description_n of_o montifringillae_n of_o which_o that_o in_o the_o second_o place_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n and_o have_v its_o head_n whole_o white_a the_o three_o be_v altogether_o like_o the_o first_o save_v that_o under_o the_o bill_n it_o have_v no_o black_a and_o beside_o that_o second_o yellow_a stroke_n which_o be_v in_o other_o in_o this_o be_v far_o more_o conspicuous_a §._o iii_o the_o great_a pied_a mountain-finch_n or_o bramlin_n montifringilla_n calcaribus_fw-la alaudae_fw-la seu_fw-la major_n it_o be_v equal_a in_o bigness_n to_o the_o common_a lark_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v five_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o and_o between_o the_o extreme_n of_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o twelve_o and_o three_o quarter_n broad_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v half_a a_o inch_n long_o of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n with_o a_o black_a tip_n the_o end_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v divide_v into_o filament_n the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n of_o a_o fulvous_a red_a dark_a towards_o the_o bill_n mr._n johnson_n attribute_n to_o the_o head_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o dusky_a red_a or_o chestnut_n colour_n the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o rump_n and_o side_n be_v also_o red_a so_o be_v the_o breast_n but_o pale_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o under_o side_n throat_n belly_n wing_n etc._n etc._n be_v white_a the_o underside_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o back_n and_o scapular_a feather_n be_v elegant_o variegated_a with_o black_a and_o a_o red_a ash-colour_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o feather_n be_v black_a and_o the_o outside_n red_a the_o black_a spot_n appear_v of_o a_o triangular_a figure_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o back_o there_o be_v more_o of_o red_a each_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o prime_a feather_n of_o which_o the_o eight_o outmost_a or_o long_a be_v black_a yet_o their_o bottom_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v hide_v by_o the_o second_o row_n except_o the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v white_a moreover_o the_o very_a tip_n or_o rather_o edge_n of_o the_o tip_n of_o all_o except_v the_o two_o outmost_a be_v white_a the_o seven_o next_o which_o take_v up_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v whole_o white_a save_v that_o near_o the_o tip_n on_o the_o outside_n each_o feather_n have_v a_o oblong_a black_a spot_n the_o remain_v three_o or_o four_o next_o the_o body_n be_v black_a have_v their_o uppermost_a edge_n red_a all_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n except_v those_o next_o the_o body_n and_o two_o or_o three_o which_o make_v up_o the_o bastard_n wing_n be_v white_a those_o except_v be_v black_a but_o nature_n as_o i_o see_v observe_v not_o a_o exact_a rule_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o this_o bird_n wing_n for_o in_o the_o bird_n describe_v by_o mr._n willughby_n the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o black_a quill_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n black_a of_o the_o white_a one_o white_a yet_o in_o general_n in_o all_o bird_n that_o we_o have_v see_v there_o be_v large_a white_a space_n in_o each_o wing_n the_o tail_n be_v somewhat_o fork_a two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o two_o outmost_a whereof_o on_o each_o side_n be_v whole_o white_a save_o a_o very_a little_a of_o the_o outer_a edge_n towards_o the_o tip_n which_o be_v black_a more_o in_o the_o outmost_a less_o in_o the_o next_o the_o outward_a web_n of_o the_o three_o on_o each_o side_n almost_o from_o the_o top_n quite_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n be_v white_a the_o remain_v six_o be_v black_a have_v only_o their_o edge_n about_o their_o tip_n white_a the_o leg_n foot_n and_o claw_n be_v coalblack_a the_o back-claw_n or_o spur_n be_v long_o than_o the_o rest_n as_o in_o lark_n of_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n the_o outmost_a toe_n for_o a_o good_a space_n from_o the_o divarication_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middle_a one_o as_o in_o most_o small_a bird_n this_o bird_n mr._n willughby_n find_v and_o kill_v in_o lincolnshire_n mr._n johnson_n send_v we_o the_o bird_n itself_o and_o the_o description_n of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o yorkshire_n the_o same_o mr._n johnson_n send_v also_o the_o description_n of_o another_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lesser_a mountain-finch_n or_o bramlin_n together_o with_o the_o case_n of_o the_o bird_n which_o by_o the_o case_n i_o take_v to_o be_v only_o the_o female_a of_o the_o precedent_n he_o from_o its_o difference_n in_o bigness_n place_n and_o other_o accident_n rather_o judge_n it_o a_o distinct_a species_n i_o shall_v therefore_o present_v the_o reader_n with_o his_o description_n of_o it_o it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o yellow_a finch_n have_v a_o thick_a short_a strong_a neb_n black_a at_o the_o very_a point_n and_o the_o rest_n yellow_a all_o the_o forehead_n of_o a_o dark_a chestnut_n almost_o black_a grow_v light_a backward_o about_o and_o under_o either_o eye_n light_a chestnut_n the_o back_n of_o the_o neck_n ash-coloured_a which_o go_v down_o the_o back_n to_o the_o tail_n but_o there_o more_o spot_v with_o black_a under_o the_o throat_n white_a but_o breast_n and_o belly_n dash_v or_o wave_v with_o flame-colour_n at_o the_o set_n on_o of_o the_o wing_n grey_a the_o first_o five_o feather_n blackish_a brown_a all_o the_o rest_n white_a save_o a_o little_a dash_n of_o brown_a near_o the_o point_n of_o each_o feather_n the_o tail_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o three_o outmost_a on_o either_o side_n white_a save_o a_o little_a small_a dash_n of_o dark_a brown_a the_o rest_n dark_a brown_a the_o foot_n perfect_o black_a the_o hind-claw_a as_o long_o again_o as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n chap._n vii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n sayacu_fw-la of_o marggrave_n to_o what_o tribe_n of_o small_a bird_n this_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v we_o do_v not_o certain_o know_v but_o because_o the_o author_n say_v it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o chaffinch_n we_o have_v place_v it_o here_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o cinereous_a and_o sea-green_a but_o in_o the_o wing_n and_o back_o the_o sea-green_a be_v so_o mix_v that_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n they_o shine_v marvellous_o the_o bill_n be_v black_a the_o eye_n also_o whole_o black_a chap._n viii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n tijeguacuparoara_n of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n have_v a_o short_a thick_a neb_n dusky_a above_o 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be_v dusky_a four_o toe_n in_o each_o place_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n it_o have_v black_a eye_n chap._n ix_o *_o the_o brasilian_n guiraperea_n of_o marggrave_n this_o be_v also_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n have_v a_o short_a thick_a black_a bill_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n the_o whole_a back_o and_o low_a belly_n have_v feather_n of_o a_o dark_a yellow_a colour_n like_o yellow_a wax_n the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n the_o throat_n and_o breast_n black_a one_o of_o which_o colour_n there_o be_v also_o a_o few_o in_o the_o belly_n intermingle_v with_o the_o yellow_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o and_o reach_v further_a than_o the_o wing_n both_o tail_n and_o wing_n be_v make_v up_o of_o dusky_a and_o blackish_a feather_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v its_o side-edge_n of_o a_o sea-green_a so_o that_o the_o wing_n appear_v brown_a streak_v with_o green_a and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o tail_n the_o thigh_n be_v of_o a_o wax-colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o dark_a grey_a or_o ash-colour_n it_o have_v four_o toe_n dispose_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a manner_n arm_v with_o black_a claw_n chap._n x._o §._o i._o the_o goldfinch_n or_o thistle-finch_n carduelis_fw-la this_o bird_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o aldrovandus_n and_o bellonius_fw-la be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o aristotle_n by_o the_o late_a greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v less_o than_o the_o house-sparrow_n of_o a_o ounce_n and_o half_a weight_n five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a length_n from_o bill-point_n to_o tail_n end_n nine_o and_o a_o quarter_n breadth_n between_o the_o utmost_a tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v out_o it_o be_v head_n for_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o the_o big_a its_o neck_n short_a bill_n white_a but_o in_o some_o bird_n black_a at_o the_o very_a point_n little_o more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o thick_a at_o the_o head_n end_v in_o a_o sharp_a point_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n its_o tongue_n sharp_a eye_n hazel-coloured_n a_o ring_n of_o scarlet-coloured_n feather_n encompass_n the_o basis_n of_o the_o bill_n from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o bill_n on_o each_o side_n be_v draw_v a_o black_a line_n the_o jaw_n be_v white_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n black_a from_o which_o a_o broad_a black_a line_n produce_v on_o both_o side_n almost_o to_o the_o neck_n terminate_v the_o white_a the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v white_a the_o neck_n and_o forepart_n of_o the_o back_o be_v of_o a_o fulvous_a or_o red_a ash-colour_n the_o rump_n breast_n and_o side_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o pale_a the_o belly_n white_a the_o wing_n and_o tail_n black_a yet_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o principal_a feather_n in_o both_o be_v white_a beside_o the_o wing_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o most_o beautiful_a transverse_a stroke_n of_o yellow_a if_o you_o exact_o view_v each_o quil-feather_n you_o will_v find_v the_o first_o or_o outmost_a whole_o black_a all_o the_o rest_n tip_v with_o white_a and_o beside_o the_o low_a half_o of_o the_o outward_a web_n of_o every_o feather_n from_o the_o second_o to_o the_o eleven_o inclusive_o of_o a_o elegant_a yellow_a which_o together_o make_v that_o yellow_a bed_n across_o the_o wing_n we_o now_o mention_v whence_o this_o bird_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o interior_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v also_o yellow_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o compose_v of_o twelve_o black_a feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o outmost_a have_v a_o great_a white_a spot_n on_o their_o tip_n the_o next_o a_o lesser_a the_o three_o none_o the_o four_o again_o a_o little_a one_o and_o the_o five_o a_o great_a the_o leg_n be_v short_a the_o back_n toe_n strong_a arm_a with_o a_o claw_n long_o than_o the_o rest_n the_o low_a of_o the_o outer_a foretoe_n grow_v fast_o to_o that_o of_o the_o middle_a toe_n the_o blind_a gut_n as_o in_o 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the_o side_n of_o the_o cage_n as_o most_o other_o bird_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v nor_o be_v they_o very_o much_o trouble_v at_o their_o captivity_n and_o imprisonment_n in_o a_o cage_n nay_o if_o they_o have_v continue_v there_o a_o good_a while_n they_o like_v it_o so_o well_o that_o though_o you_o let_v they_o loose_v they_o will_v not_o fly_v away_o as_o say_v aldrovand_n i_o myself_o have_v observe_v to_o who_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n they_o feed_v upon_o the_o seed_n of_o thistle_n in_o winter_n time_n from_o whence_o they_o take_v their_o name_n and_o not_o of_o thistle_n only_o but_o of_o teasel_n and_o hemp_n and_o dock_n and_o poppy_n as_o albertus_n tell_v we_o the_o goldfinch_n keep_v in_o a_o cage_n will_v with_o its_o bill_n draw_v up_o a_o little_a pot_n of_o water_n hang_v upon_o a_o string_n and_o put_v its_o foot_n sometime_o under_o the_o string_n when_o it_o can_v reach_v the_o pot_n will_v drink_v out_o of_o it_o and_o quench_v its_o thirst_n which_o other_o small_a bird_n also_o will_v learn_v to_o do_v beside_o that_o little_a thistle-finch_n say_v turner_n adorn_v with_o a_o golden_a fillet_n i_o know_v another_o spinivorous_a bird_n of_o a_o green_a colour_n which_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o goldfinch_n out_o of_o two_o pot_n one_o go_v up_o the_o other_o mean_a time_n go_v down_o will_v take_v meat_n out_o of_o the_o one_o and_o drink_v out_o of_o the_o other_o the_o same_o do_v also_o the_o millet-bird_n which_o our_o country_n man_n call_v a_o linnet_n the_o same_o likewise_o will_v imitate_v any_o tune_n you_o whistle_n to_o it_o so_o than_o not_o only_o that_o bird_n which_o be_v in_o greek_a call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o latin_a by_o gaza_n render_v carduelis_fw-la will_v do_v what_o you_o bid_v it_o and_o use_v its_o bill_n and_o foot_n for_o a_o hand_n but_o many_o other_o also_o all_o which_o thing_n say_v aldrovandus_n daily_a experience_n prove_v to_o be_v most_o true_a it_o build_v its_o nest_n in_o thorn_n and_o tree_n gesner_n affirm_v that_o it_o lay_v seven_o egg_n bellonius_fw-la eight_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o great_a and_o it_o may_v lay_v sometime_o the_o one_o sometime_o the_o other_o number_n the_o goldfinch_n by_o reason_n of_o age_n sex_n or_o other_o accident_n vary_v sometime_o in_o its_o colour_n aldrovandus_n set_v forth_o four_o variety_n 1._o one_o not_o full_o grow_v which_o have_v no_o red_a at_o all_o on_o its_o head_n 2._o one_o with_o white_a eyelid_n 3._o a_o white_a one_o with_o a_o red_a head_n 4._o a_o whitish_a one_o which_o yet_o on_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n and_o under_o the_o chin_n have_v something_o of_o red_a beside_o which_o he_o describe_v also_o a_o bird_n of_o kin_n to_o the_o goldfinch_n which_o perchance_o be_v a_o bastard_n kind_a in_o these_o word_n in_o bulk_n of_o body_n it_o exceed_v a_o goldfinch_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o chaffinch_n a_o circle_n of_o a_o lively_a goldfinch_n saffron_n colour_n encompass_n the_o bill_n its_o eye_n be_v like_o a_o goldfinch_n but_o big_a it_o be_v head_n except_o the_o saffron_n ring_v now_o mention_v and_o its_o back_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n viz._n blackish_a the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o black_a green_a as_o be_v also_o the_o small_a feather_n cover_v the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n who_o quil-feather_n be_v black_a and_o much_o more_o vary_a or_o distinguish_v with_o white_a than_o in_o other_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o part_n which_o in_o other_o thistle-finches_a be_v yellow_a in_o this_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n the_o tail_n of_o as_o deep_a a_o black_a as_o in_o other_o but_o in_o the_o two_o outmost_a tail-feather_n on_o each_o side_n when_o extend_v appear_v something_o of_o white_a which_o
of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a this_o bird_n grow_v very_o tame_a and_o gentle_a as_o gesner_n report_v and_o will_v live_v many_o year_n thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o cage_n *_o the_o brasilian_n teitei_n which_o they_o call_v also_o guiranhemgeta_n and_o guraundi_fw-la marggrave_n it_o be_v a_o small_a bird_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o robin-red-breast_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o cage_n for_o a_o sing_a bird_n but_o it_o only_o chirp_v like_o a_o redstart_n rubrica_fw-la call_v by_o the_o german_n gimpel_n it_o feed_v upon_o paco_n and_o mamao_n it_o have_v a_o short_a thick_a black_a bill_n the_o head_n upper_z side_z of_o the_o neck_n wing_n whole_a back_n and_o tail_n be_v invest_v with_o black_a feather_n with_o which_o something_o of_o blue_a be_v mix_v so_o that_o they_o shine_v like_o polish_a steel_n the_o throat_n low_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o breast_n the_o whole_a low_a belly_n and_o thigh_n be_v yellow_a at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o upper_a bill_n behind_o the_o nostril_n it_o have_v a_o spot_n of_o yellow_a feather_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cock._n the_o hen_n in_o proportion_n of_o body_n and_o magnitude_n agree_v exact_o with_o the_o cock_n have_v the_o same_o bill_n and_o leg_n but_o differ_v much_o in_o colour_n for_o it_o be_v green_a like_o the_o acanthis_fw-la call_v by_o the_o german_n zyschen_n the_o wing_n and_o head_n with_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v somewhat_o dusky_a with_o blue_a mingle_v these_o bird_n delight_v to_o live_v together_o five_o or_o six_o in_o a_o cage_n chap._n xv._n the_o anadavad_n bird_n bring_v from_o the_o east_n indies_n have_v a_o finche_n bill_n and_o lark_n claw_n in_o bigness_n it_o scarce_o exceed_v the_o golden-crowned_a wren_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v for_o shape_n like_o a_o goldfinch_n or_o chaffinche_n for_o colour_v red_a the_o upper_a mandible_a above_o be_v black_a the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n in_o some_o bird_n light_a in_o other_o darker_n only_o the_o feather_n grow_v about_o the_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o scarlet_a or_o deep_a orange_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o those_o of_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n itself_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o middlemost_a be_v the_o long_a and_o the_o exterior_a in_o order_n short_a the_o quill_n and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v spot_v with_o small_a round_a white_a spot_n scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o no_o order_n in_o some_o bird_n more_o in_o some_o few_o in_o some_o bird_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o scarlet_a red_a in_o other_o it_o be_v whole_o black_a as_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n in_o all_o in_o one_o bird_n which_o be_v pale_a than_o the_o rest_n that_o we_o see_v and_o almost_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o robin-red-breast_n on_o the_o back_n not_o only_o the_o wing_n but_o also_o the_o side-feather_n and_o those_o scarlet_a one_o incumbent_n on_o the_o tail_n be_v mark_v with_o white_a spot_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v white_a the_o claw_n very_o long_o like_o those_o of_o lark_n but_o more_o crooked_a the_o figure_n of_o the_o body_n be_v rather_o long_o than_o round_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1673._o i_o see_v many_o of_o these_o bird_n in_o the_o house_n of_o a_o certain_a citizen_n of_o london_n that_o have_v be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o east_n indies_n keep_v all_o together_o in_o the_o same_o cage_n be_v introduce_v by_o my_o worthy_a friend_n thomas_n allen_n doctor_n of_o physic_n who_o also_o give_v i_o the_o first_o notice_n and_o information_n of_o they_o chap._n xvi_o a_o bird_n call_v by_o the_o bolognese_n petronia_n marina_n by_o 38._o aldrovand_n oenanthae_fw-la congener_fw-la the_o length_n of_o this_o bird_n take_v from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o its_o claw_n be_v little_o less_o than_o seven_o inch_n its_o breadth_n between_o the_o extreme_n of_o the_o wing_n distend_v twelve_o and_o a_o quarter_n it_o be_v bill_n strong_a sharp-pointed_a like_o that_o of_o a_o chaffinch_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n somewhat_o more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a chap_n black_a the_o low_a about_o the_o angle_n yellow_a the_o angle_n itself_o be_v round_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bill_n sharp-edged_n the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v a_o line_n draw_v of_o a_o white_a colour_n the_o neck_n be_v ash-coloured_a below_o between_o the_o shoulder_n the_o feather_n have_v their_o outer_a edge_n of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n their_o inner_a black_a the_o rump_n from_o dusky_a incline_v to_o green_a but_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n next_o the_o tail_n be_v white_a the_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n eighteen_o of_o which_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a be_v short_a than_o the_o second_o the_o second_o equal_a to_o the_o three_o and_o long_a of_o all_o these_o three_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o blackish_a only_o their_o outmost_a edge_n of_o a_o pale_a green_a the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n have_v white_a tip_n but_o else_o be_v black_a the_o plumage_n on_o the_o base_a or_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o sordid_a green_a the_o feather_n cover_v the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o sordid_a white_a the_o feather_n next_o the_o tail_n have_v pale_a yellow_a tip_n else_o they_o be_v brown_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n this_o sort_n be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o small_a bird_n 1._o that_o it_o have_v a_o very_a fair_a lovely_a yellow_a spot_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o throat_n 2._o that_o all_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n on_o the_o interior_a web_n near_o the_o tip_n be_v mark_v with_o one_o great_a round_a white_a spot_n be_v else_o all_o black_a save_o the_o edge_n which_o be_v greenish_a the_o outer_a half_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n be_v also_o white_a 3._o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o hortulane_n by_o a_o most_o certain_a note_n that_o its_o bill_n be_v far_o big_a and_o strong_a and_o equal_a to_o a_o greenfinche_n bill_n we_o see_v many_o of_o these_o bird_n at_o bologna_n in_o italy_n to_o be_v sell_v the_o bird_n which_o aldrovandus_n say_v be_v call_v petrone_n at_o bologna_n and_o petronello_n at_o genua_n and_o describe_v under_o the_o title_n of_o lark_n alaudae_fw-la congener_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v no_o other_o bird_n than_o the_o emberiza_n alba_fw-la of_o gesner_n or_o our_o bunting_n as_o will_v appear_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v pain_n to_o compare_v the_o description_n chap._n xvii_o the_o hortulane_n kind_n who_o characteristic_a be_v a_o hard_a knob_v in_o the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n §._o i._o the_o bunting_n call_v by_o gesner_n emberiza_n alba_fw-la i_o take_v it_o also_o to_o be_v the_o calandra_n of_o aldrov_n and_o bellonius_fw-la moreover_o the_o alaudae_fw-la congener_fw-la of_o aldrovand_n and_o the_o cenchramus_fw-la of_o bellonius_fw-la the_o strillozo_n of_o olina_n it_o weigh_v about_o a_o ounce_n and_o half_a its_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v seven_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o so_o much_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n it_o be_v breadth_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v eleven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v great_a and_o thick_a have_v a_o hard_a knob_v or_o eminency_n in_o the_o upper_a mandible_a or_o palate_n wherewith_o it_o be_v think_v to_o bruise_v wheat_n oat_n and_o other_o grain_n the_o side_n of_o the_o low_a chap_n rise_v up_o in_o a_o angle_n on_o each_o side_n as_o may_v be_v better_o represent_v by_o a_o figure_n than_o express_v in_o word_n and_o incline_v to_o one_o another_o under_o the_o tubercle_fw-la of_o the_o palate_n the_o tongue_n be_v sharp_a and_o slit_v in_o two_o the_o claw_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a dusky_a colour_n the_o back-toe_n be_v great_a arm_v with_o a_o lesser_a and_o more_o crooked_a claw_n than_o in_o lark_n the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o inmost_a and_o grow_v fast_o to_o the_o middlemost_a at_o bottom_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n this_o bird_n head_n somewhat_o resemble_v a_o rail_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n testaceous_a or_o earthlike_a the_o chin_n breast_n belly_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a white_a the_o throat_n have_v oblong_o black_a spot_n the_o quill_n
on_o which_o the_o nest_n be_v build_v and_o shake_v out_o the_o young_a one_o but_o sometime_o nest_n and_o all_o down_o to_o the_o ground_n §._o ii_o *_o tlauhquechul_n or_o the_o mexican_n spoon-bill_n of_o hernandez_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n of_o a_o strange_a palate_n it_o feed_v only_o on_o live_a fish_n and_o will_v not_o touch_v dead_a one_o it_o delight_v in_o ravin_a in_o shape_n of_o body_n be_v like_a to_o the_o spoon-bill_n or_o pelecan_n but_o almost_o all_o over_o of_o a_o most_o beautiful_a scarlet_n or_o pale_a red_a colour_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v broad_a round_o towards_o the_o end_n and_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o pupil_n of_o its_o eye_n black_a the_o iris_z red_z and_o wrinkle_a its_o forehead_n like_o that_o of_o a_o turkey_n or_o aura_n its_o head_n almost_o void_a of_o hair_n or_o feather_n of_o a_o white_a colour_n with_o near_a the_o whole_a neck_n and_o part_n of_o the_o breast_n a_o broad_a black_a ring_n distinguish_v the_o head_n from_o the_o neck_n it_o live_v about_o the_o seashore_n and_o river_n §._o iii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n spoon-bill_n call_v aiaia_n and_o by_o the_o portughese_n colherado_n marggrav_n the_o same_o i_o suspect_v with_o the_o precedent_n in_o figure_n it_o agree_v with_o the_o european_a platea_n differ_v only_o in_o colour_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goose_n its_o bill_n broad_a like_o a_o spoon_n and_o white_a its_o neck_n long_o its_o foot_n broad_a it_o be_v all_o white_a save_v that_o the_o back_n and_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a carnation_n colour_n it_o be_v flesh_n be_v edible_a it_o be_v very_o common_a about_o the_o river_n of_o st._n francis_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o fenny_a place_n probably_n this_o bird_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o precedent_n we_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o i_o suppose_v one_o of_o these_o american_n plateas_fw-la which_o be_v almost_o twice_o as_o big_a and_o long_o as_o that_o of_o the_o common_a european_a book_n iii_o part_n i._o section_n iii_o waterfowl_n not_o 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of_o its_o long_a leg_n as_o we_o say_v before_o chap._n iu._n §._o i._o the_o great_a plover_n of_o 66._o aldrovand_n the_o venetian_a limosa_fw-la of_o gesner_n as_o also_o the_o glottis_fw-la of_o the_o same_o gesner_n and_o baltner_n call_v at_o venice_n totano_n a_o name_n it_o shall_v seem_v common_a to_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a bird_n it_o weigh_v near_o seven_o ounce_n in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n it_o exceed_v seventeen_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n fourteen_o in_o breadth_n from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n expanded_a it_o be_v about_o twenty_o four_o and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v black_a yet_o at_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o low_a mandible_a red_n slender_a straight_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a it_o be_v colour_n on_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n wing_n shoulder_n and_o forepart_n of_o the_o back_n be_v mix_v of_o brown_a and_o whitish_a we_o common_o call_v it_o grey_a on_o the_o head_n the_o outer_a border_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v white_a the_o middle_a part_n black_a a_o white_a line_n pass_v above_o the_o eye_n the_o under_o side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v all_o white_a and_o also_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n or_o rump_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n about_o twenty_o six_o all_o dusky_a or_o dark_a brown_a the_o five_o outmost_a darker_n than_o the_o rest_n their_o interior_a web_n be_v powder_v with_o white_a speck_n the_o inner_a quill_n be_v pale_a speckle_v with_o white_a the_o tail_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n wave_v with_o cross_a line_n or_o bar_n of_o brown_a and_o white_a alternate_o place_v its_o leg_n be_v very_o long_o bare_a of_o feather_n for_o two_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o joint_n or_o knee_n of_o a_o middle_a colour_n between_o green_a and_o livid_n or_o colour_n plumbeous_a the_o back-toe_n small_a the_o claw_n black_a the_o outmost_a toe_n 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we_o think_v different_a from_o the_o precedent_n though_o the_o main_a difference_n be_v in_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o leg_n which_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a yellowish-red_n it_o be_v bill_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v something_o short_a we_o take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o bird_n the_o french_a call_n chevalier_n aux_fw-fr pieds_fw-fr rogue_n the_o redleged_a horseman_n the_o precedent_n as_o we_o say_v before_o that_o they_o denominate_v chevalier_n aux_fw-fr pieds_fw-fr verd_n and_o perchance_o they_o may_v differ_v only_o in_o sex_n for_o this_o be_v a_o male_a that_o a_o female_a for_o in_o other_o bird_n also_o of_o this_o kind_n as_o for_o example_n the_o erythra_n of_o gesner_n which_o he_o put_v among_o the_o waterhen_n the_o female_a differ_v from_o the_o male_a both_o in_o bigness_n and_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o leg_n the_o red_a callidry_n of_o bellonius_fw-la be_v either_o the_o same_o with_o this_o or_o very_o like_v it_o it_o differ_v in_o that_o the_o neck_n and_o feather_n under_o the_o wing_n and_o rump_n be_v ash-coloured_a and_o that_o on_o the_o temple_n on_o each_o side_n it_o have_v two_o black_a spot_n which_o give_v as_o it_o be_v a_o shadow_n to_o the_o eyebrow_n which_o themselves_o also_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o white_a spot_n his_o figure_n of_o the_o red_a callidry_n do_v not_o answer_v to_o the_o description_n for_o the_o bill_n and_o leg_n be_v draw_v too_o short_a chap._n v._n §._o i._o the_o redshank_n or_o pool-snipe_n gallinula_n erythropus_fw-la major_a gesneri_fw-la 26._o aldrov_n totanus_n of_o the_o same_o gesner_n as_o it_o seem_v to_o we_o aldrov_fw-mi tom_fw-mi 3._o pag._n 439._o a_o bellonii_n pardali_n congener_fw-la longiore_fw-la rostro_fw-la it_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a size_n for_o bigness_n between_o a_o lapwing_n and_o a_o snipe_n approach_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o plover_n the_o head_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n spot_v with_o black_a in_o some_o i_o observe_v the_o back_n to_o be_v of_o a_o dusky_a or_o brown_a colour_n in_o line_v to_o green_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v more_o cinereous_a the_o throat_n particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a the_o black_a be_v draw_v down_o longways_o the_o feather_n the_o white_a colour_n seem_v to_o have_v something_o of_o red_a mingle_v with_o it_o the_o breast_n be_v white_a with_o few_o spot_n and_o those_o transverse_n the_o tail_n and_o feather_n next_o to_o it_o be_v variegated_a with_o transverse_n wave_v line_n of_o white_a and_o black_a alternate_o the_o number_n of_o tail-feather_n be_v twelve_o the_o length_n of_o the_o tail_n two_o inch_n three_o quarter_n the_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o six_o of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v brown_a only_o its_o shaft_n white_a the_o five_o next_o of_o a_o black_a brown_a on_o the_o inner_a side_n white_a and_o as_o it_o be_v sprinkle_v or_o powder_v with_o white_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o seven_o be_v white_a with_o one_o or_o two_o transverse_a black_a line_n in_o the_o follow_a feather_n the_o white_a spread_v itself_o further_a till_o in_o the_o nineteen_o it_o take_v up_o the_o whole_a feather_n the_o covert_n foremost_a covert-feather_n be_v black_a the_o middle_n vary_v with_o white_a line_n the_o other_o row_n of_o covert-feather_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n that_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o bill_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o slender_a and_o like_o a_o woodcock_n of_o a_o dark_a red_a at_o base_a black_a towards_o the_o point_n the_o tongue_n be_v sharp_a slender_a and_o undivided_a the_o upper_a mandible_a long_o and_o something_o crooked_a at_o the_o very_a tip_n the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o nostril_n oblong_v the_o leg_n of_o a_o fair_a but_o pale_a red_a the_o claw_n small_a and_o black_a the_o back-toe_n be_v very_o small_a have_v a_o very_a little_a claw_n of_o the_o fore-toe_n the_o inmost_a be_v the_o least_o all_o be_v connect_v by_o a_o membrane_n below_o but_o the_o 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and_o in_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o body_n be_v some_o diversity_n §._o ii_o the_o gambetta_n of_o 25._o aldrovand_n the_o gambetta_n of_o aldrovand_n be_v also_o near_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o redshank_n which_o he_o thus_o describe_v it_o be_v head_n neck_n and_o breast_n be_v cinereous_a all_o over_o sprinkle_v with_o many_o dusky_a brown_a spot_n great_a on_o the_o back_n lesser_a on_o the_o neck_n and_o breast_n lest_o of_o all_o on_o the_o head_n the_o master-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a the_o body_n cinereous_a on_o the_o wing_n and_o back_o incline_v a_o little_a to_o red_a the_o belly_n white_a the_o bill_n black_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a encompass_v with_o a_o black_a circle_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n from_o yellow_a incline_v to_o red_a
claw_n little_a and_o black_a it_o have_v a_o gall._n the_o flesh_n also_o of_o this_o bird_n be_v very_o tender_a savoury_a and_o delicate_a and_o in_o no_o less_o esteem_n than_o that_o of_o the_o former_a chap._n iii_o the_o dotterel_n morinellus_n anglorum_fw-la the_o male_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v lesser_a than_o the_o female_n at_o least_o they_o be_v so_o in_o those_o we_o happen_v to_o see_v for_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v so_o among_o they_o by_o some_o accident_n the_o female_a be_v almost_o ten_o inch_n long_o the_o male_a but_o nine_o and_o a_o half_a the_o female_a nineteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a the_o male_a but_o eighteen_o three_o quarter_n the_o female_a weigh_v more_o than_o four_o ounce_n the_o male_a scarce_o three_o and_o a_o half_a the_o bill_n measure_v from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v a_o inch_n long_o the_o head_n elegant_o variegated_a with_o white_a and_o black_a spot_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o single_a feather_n be_v black_a above_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o long_a whitish_a line_n the_o chin_n whitish_a the_o throat_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a cinereous_a or_o whitish_a colour_n with_o oblong_a brown_a spot_n the_o breast_n and_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o a_o dirty_a yellowish_a colour_n the_o belly_n white_a each_o wing_n have_v about_o twenty_o five_o prime_a feather_n of_o which_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a be_v the_o long_a the_o ten_o the_o short_a from_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o twenty_o they_o be_v almost_o equal_a the_o rest_n to_o the_o twenty_o four_o be_v again_o long_o the_o forego_n than_o the_o follow_v the_o first_o or_o pinion-quil_n have_v a_o broad_a strong_a white_a shaft_n the_o three_o outmost_a be_v black_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v of_o a_o dusky_a or_o brown_a colour_v have_v the_o edge_n of_o their_o tip_n whitish_a the_o lesser_a row_n of_o the_o wing-feather_n be_v brown_a with_o yellowish_a white_a tip_n but_o those_o next_o the_o quill_n black_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n between_o the_o wing_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o they_o the_o rump_n and_o neck_n be_v more_o grey_n cinereous_a the_o tail_n be_v compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a but_o the_o middlemost_a something_o the_o long_o the_o bottom_n of_o all_o be_v cinereous_a the_o tip_v white_a the_o remain_a part_n black_a in_o the_o outmost_a feather_n the_o white_a part_n be_v broad_a in_o the_o middle_a one_o narrow_a the_o edge_n also_o of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v whitish_a the_o leg_n be_v bare_a for_o a_o little_a space_n above_o the_o knee_n of_o a_o sordid_a or_o greenish_a yellow_a the_o toe_n and_o claw_n dark_a colour_v than_o the_o leg_n the_o inner_a toe_n join_v to_o the_o middle_n only_o at_o bottom_n the_o outer_a by_o a_o thick_a membrane_n as_o far_o as_o its_o first_o joint_n it_o want_v the_o back-toe_n wherein_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o green_a plover_n from_o which_o yet_o it_o 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upon_o man_n gesture_n it_o be_v deceive_v and_o cover_v with_o the_o net_n spread_v for_o it_o i_o call_v it_o morinellus_n for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v frequent_a among_o the_o fleming_n morini_n and_o next_o because_o it_o be_v a_o foolish_a bird_n even_o to_o a_o proverb_n we_o call_v a_o foolish_a dull_a person_n a_o dotterel_n of_o the_o catch_n of_o dotterel_n my_o very_a good_a friend_n mr._n peter_n dent_n a_o apothecary_n in_o cambridge_n a_o person_n well_o skilled_a in_o the_o history_n of_o plant_n and_o animal_n who_o i_o consult_v concern_v it_o write_v thus_o to_o i_o a_o gentleman_n of_o norfolk_n where_o this_o kind_n of_o sport_n be_v very_o common_a tell_v i_o that_o to_o catch_v dotterel_n six_o or_o seven_o person_n usual_o go_v in_o company_n when_o they_o have_v find_v the_o bird_n they_o set_v their_o net_n in_o a_o advantageous_a place_n and_o each_o of_o they_o hold_v a_o stone_n in_o either_o hand_n get_v behind_o the_o bird_n and_o strike_v their_o stone_n often_o one_o against_o another_o rouse_v they_o which_o be_v natural_o very_o sluggish_a and_o so_o by_o degree_n coup_fw-fr they_o and_o drive_v they_o into_o the_o net_n the_o bird_n be_v awaken_v do_v often_o stretch_v themselves_o put_v out_o a_o wing_n or_o a_o leg_n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o they_o the_o man_n that_o drive_v they_o thrust_v out_o a_o arm_n or_o a_o leg_n for_o fashion_n sake_n to_o comply_v with_o a_o old_a custom_n but_o he_o think_v that_o this_o imitation_n do_v not_o conduce_v to_o the_o take_n of_o they_o for_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o to_o mind_n or_o regard_v it_o chap._n iu._n the_o sea-lark_n charadrius_n sive_fw-la hiaticula_n in_o bigness_n it_o somewhat_o exceed_v the_o common_a lark_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n or_o leg_n for_o they_o be_v equal_o extend_v be_v eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a a_o line_n of_o black_a compass_n the_o base_a of_o the_o upper_a bill_n this_o black_a line_n from_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v produce_v through_o the_o eye_n as_o far_o as_o the_o ear_n and_o then_o turn_v up_o and_o pass_v cross_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o head_n encompass_v a_o broad_a bed_n or_o fillet_n of_o white_a draw_v from_o the_o inner_a corner_n of_o one_o eye_n to_o the_o inner_a corner_n of_o the_o other_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o chin_n white_a the_o neck_n encompass_v by_o a_o double_a ring_n or_o collar_n the_o upper_a white_a which_o underneath_o reach_n as_o far_o as_o the_o bill_n and_o under_o the_o chin_n be_v dilate_v almost_o to_o the_o eye_n the_o low_a black_a which_o be_v broad_a in_o the_o middle_n and_o take_v up_o part_n of_o the_o breast_n before_o also_o run_v out_o towards_o the_o bill_n the_o back_n and_o lesser_a covert_n feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v grey_a ash-coloured_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o outmost_a of_o the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o shaft_n only_o spot_v with_o white_a which_o colour_n spread_v itself_o gradual_o and_o continual_o more_o and_o more_o in_o the_o follow_a feather_n insomuch_o that_o the_o twenty_o and_o twenty_o first_o be_v whole_o white_a those_o next_o the_o body_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n have_v white_a tip_n except_v the_o foremost_a or_o outmost_a hence_o and_o from_o the_o white_a of_o the_o first_o row_n arise_v a_o long_a transverse_n white_a line_n in_o the_o wing_n the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n on_o each_o side_n be_v white_a as_o also_o the_o tip_n and_o exterior_a half_n of_o the_o next_o of_o the_o three_o follow_v only_o the_o tip_n the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n or_o a_o little_a darker_n the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o outmost_a be_v the_o long_a of_o the_o rest_n the_o interior_a be_v a_o little_o short_a in_o order_n than_o the_o exterior_a the_o tail-feather_n in_o divers_a bird_n vary_v in_o colour_n for_o in_o some_o the_o two_o outmost_a feather_n be_v whole_o white_a and_o the_o tip_n also_o of_o the_o middlemost_a the_o bill_n be_v short_a scarce_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n of_o two_o colour_n for_o beneath_o towards_o the_o head_n it_o be_v of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a or_o gold-colour_n more_o than_o half_a way_n towards_o the_o point_n black_a the_o upper_a mandible_a a_o little_a long_o and_o somewhat_o crooked_a in_o other_o perhaps_o they_o be_v young_a one_o we_o observe_v the_o whole_a bill_n to_o be_v black_a the_o tongue_n be_v not_o
the_o side_n the_o tongue_n be_v pretty_a broad_a eye_n not_o cleave_v rough_a at_o the_o end_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v red_a the_o low_a eyelid_n be_v not_o feather_v in_o the_o young_a bird_n neither_o the_o bill_n nor_o the_o bald_a spot_n in_o the_o forehead_n be_v red_a the_o leg_n be_v green_a the_o claw_n of_o a_o dark_a brown_a near_o black_a indifferent_o toe_n long_a the_o toe_n long_o as_o in_o the_o coot_n the_o middle_a the_o long_a next_o the_o outmost_a all_o broad_a and_o plain_o below_o than_o in_o the_o other_o cloven-footed_a bird_n for_o the_o use_n of_o swim_v the_o back-toe_n broad_a as_o in_o coat_n serve_v they_o perchance_o as_o a_o rudder_n to_o steer_v and_o direct_v their_o course_n the_o leg_n be_v feather_v almost_o down_o to_o the_o knee_n between_o the_o feather_n and_o the_o joint_n mark_v with_o a_o red_a spot_n from_o the_o shoulder_n or_o set_v on_o of_o the_o wing_n all_o along_o its_o base_a or_o ridge_n and_o to_o the_o feather_n very_a end_n of_o the_o feather_n run_v a_o line_n of_o white_a the_o long_a feather_n under_o the_o wing_n be_v curious_o adorn_v with_o white_a spot_n or_o line_n tend_v downward_o the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o belly_n incline_v to_o grey_a or_o ash-colour_n under_o the_o tail_n be_v white_a feather_n as_o it_o swim_v or_o walk_v it_o often_o flirt_v up_o its_o tail_n and_o show_v the_o white_a especial_o when_o it_o put_v down_o its_o head_n to_o pick_v up_o any_o thing_n the_o back_n and_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing_n feather_n approach_v to_o a_o rusty_a ferrugineous_a colour_n else_o it_o be_v all_o over_o blackish_a in_o the_o male_a the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n be_v white_a the_o belly_n more_o grey_a cinereous_a and_o the_o back_n more_o ferrugineous_a it_o be_v liver_n be_v small_a gallbladder_n great_a the_o gall_n within_o be_v of_o a_o greenish_a black_a food_n colour_n it_o will_v feed_v very_o fat_a it_o be_v flesh_n be_v well_o taste_v and_o even_o comparable_a to_o that_o of_o teal_n it_o get_v its_o food_n on_o grassy_a bank_n and_o border_n near_o water_n and_o in_o the_o very_a water_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v weedy_a feed_v i_o suppose_v upon_o the_o water-insects_a it_o find_v among_o the_o weed_n it_o build_v upon_o low_a tree_n and_o shrub_n by_o the_o water_n side_n breed_v twice_o or_o thrice_o in_o a_o summer_n and_o when_o its_o young_a one_o be_v grow_v up_o it_o drive_v breed_n they_o away_o to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o its_o egg_n be_v sharp_a at_o one_o end_n white_z with_o a_o tincture_n egg_n of_o green_a spot_v with_o red_a spot_n it_o strike_v with_o its_o bill_n like_o a_o hen_n it_o sit_v manner_n upon_o bough_n but_o those_o only_a that_o be_v thick_a and_o near_o the_o water_n it_o live_v about_o mote_n place_n and_o great_a pool_n of_o water_n near_o gentleman_n house_n it_o fly_v with_o its_o foot_n hang_v down_o §._o ii_o the_o other_o green-footed_n water-hen_n of_o aldrovand_n perchance_o our_o water-rail_a this_o bird_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v almost_o eighteen_o inch_n long_o it_o have_v a_o bill_n two_o inch_n long_o both_o above_o and_o underneath_o for_o some_o space_n yellow_a the_o remain_a part_n be_v black_a the_o neck_n and_o head_n be_v black_a the_o back_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o a_o chesnut-colour_n the_o nether_a part_n of_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a only_o the_o extreme_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o low_a belly_n also_o be_v almost_o all_o white_a on_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o wing_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o thick_a feather_n the_o tail_n end_v acutum_fw-la sharp_a be_v above_o of_o a_o chesnut-colour_n underneath_o white_a the_o thigh_n be_v cover_v with_o ash-coloured_a feather_n vary_a light_o with_o transverse_a white_a border_n not_o altogether_o down_o to_o the_o knee_n the_o leg_n be_v green_a the_o toe_n long_o furnish_v with_o claw_n a_o little_a crooked_a broad_a and_o plain_a underneath_o perhaps_o that_o it_o may_v swim_v with_o they_o when_o there_o be_v need_n or_o occasion_n the_o female_a be_v in_o all_o part_n pale_a than_o the_o male._n this_o bird_n if_o it_o be_v not_o our_o water-rail_a be_v i_o confess_v to_o i_o unknown_a i_o do_v indeed_o suspect_v it_o to_o be_v the_o rail_n though_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n the_o mark_n do_v not_o agree_v wherefore_o i_o will_v not_o omit_v its_o description_n that_o the_o reader_n compare_v it_o with_o that_o of_o the_o rail_n may_v himself_o judge_v §._o iii_o another_o green-footed_n water-hen_n of_o bellonius_fw-la like_a to_o a_o coot_n perchance_o our_o grinetta_n we_o have_v necessary_o separate_v the_o water-hen_n la_v poulette_n d'eau_fw-fr from_o the_o lesser_a and_o great_a coot_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poule_n &_o macroule_n because_o it_o swim_v not_o in_o the_o water_n nor_o be_v webfooted_n we_o have_v impose_v the_o name_n of_o water-hen_n upon_o this_o bird_n from_o its_o likeness_n though_o it_o be_v much_o less_o yet_o be_v it_o big_a than_o a_o rail_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o partake_v of_o both_o the_o fowler_n to_o who_o we_o show_v it_o see_v it_o to_o be_v like_o a_o coot_n will_v needs_o persuade_v i_o that_o it_o differ_v only_o in_o bigness_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v to_o its_o full_a age_n and_o growth_n whereupon_o i_o do_v more_o diligent_o search_v out_o some_o discriminate_a note_n among_o which_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a that_o this_o water-hen_n have_v green_a leg_n and_o foot_n not_o unlike_a to_o a_o bittern_n and_o not_o so_o plain_a nor_o have_v such_o broad_a appendant_a membrane_n as_o in_o a_o coot_n the_o tail_n also_o of_o this_o water-hen_n be_v long_o and_o the_o bare_a spot_n upon_o its_o forehead_n less_o in_o colour_n it_o be_v indeed_o like_a to_o a_o rail_n but_o tend_v to_o that_o of_o a_o coot_n wherefore_o at_o first_o sight_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o rail_n but_o view_v it_o more_o careful_o i_o observe_v that_o it_o have_v white_a eyelid_n which_o neither_o rail_n nor_o coot_n have_v in_o the_o tail_n be_v two_o white_a feather_n one_o on_o each_o side_n under_o the_o breast_n it_o incline_v a_o little_a to_o blue_a the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a chestnut_n colour_n some_o also_o be_v black_a than_o other_o and_o have_v the_o fold_n of_o their_o wing_n white_a and_o moreover_o another_o white_a line_n in_o the_o mean_v lesser_a wing_n which_o its_o first_o feather_n longways_o of_o the_o quill_n or_o shaft_n compose_v the_o same_o meat_n be_v find_v in_o its_o stomach_n as_o in_o the_o rail_n and_o coat_n it_o have_v a_o breastbone_n and_o a_o hipbone_n different_a from_o other_o bird_n yea_o even_o from_o the_o coot_n it_o be_v flesh_n be_v like_a that_o of_o the_o morehen_fw-ge tender_v and_o of_o easy_a digestion_n its_o bone_n easy_a to_o be_v break_v its_o liver_n also_o brittle_a it_o be_v craw_n large_a its_o gut_n and_o entrail_n as_o in_o a_o coot_n when_o roast_v also_o it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o taste_n with_o a_o coot_n it_o build_v breed_v and_o bring_v up_o its_o young_a like_o the_o rail_n this_o bird_n in_o many_o thing_n resemble_v our_o grinetta_n or_o water-hen_n gallinula_n poliopus_fw-la minor_fw-la of_o aldrovand_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v the_o same_o howbeit_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o insert_v its_o description_n in_o this_o work_n that_o i_o may_v leave_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o freedom_n of_o his_o judgement_n §._o iv._o the_o water-rail_a call_v by_o some_o the_o bilcock_n or_o brook-ouzel_n rallus_fw-la aquaticus_fw-la 455._o aldrov_n i_o e._n ortygometra_fw-la bellonii_fw-la also_o the_o gallinula_n chloropus_fw-la altera_fw-la aldrov_n and_o perchance_o the_o gallinula_n serica_n of_o the_o some_o so_o of_o one_o species_n he_o make_v three_o it_o be_v like_o the_o common_a water-hen_n but_o less_o big_a than_o a_o quail_n of_o a_o slender_a narrow_a or_o compress_a body_n from_o point_n of_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n sixteen_o inch_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n but_o twelve_o according_a to_o our_o usual_a way_n of_o measure_v sixteen_o inch_n broad_a it_o be_v head_n be_v small_a narrow_a or_o compress_a sideway_n it_o be_v bill_n like_o the_o ruff_n about_o two_o inch_n long_o straight_o compress_v likewise_o sideways_o red_a especial_o the_o low_a mandible_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a for_o towards_o the_o top_n or_o point_v it_o be_v black_a smooth_a and_o hard_o the_o tongue_n reach_v to_o the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o be_v white_a and_o rough_a at_o the_o tip_n it_o have_v a_o round_a black_a bald_a spot_n or_o naked_a skin_n in_o the_o forehead_n but_o much_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o coot_n so_o
be_v great_a divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n have_v also_o a_o large_a gall._n the_o blind_a gut_n be_v nine_o inch_n long_o their_o end_n for_o a_o inch_n space_n be_v reflect_v or_o double_v backward_o it_o build_v its_o nest_n of_o grass_n break_a reed_n etc._n etc._n float_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o rise_v and_o fall_v together_o with_o the_o water_n the_o reed_n among_o which_o it_o be_v build_v stop_v it_o that_o it_o be_v not_o carry_v down_o stream_n this_o bird_n in_o the_o figure_n and_o make_v of_o its_o body_n resemble_v a_o water-hen_n to_o which_o genus_fw-la it_o aught_o without_o all_o doubt_n to_o be_v refer_v it_o seldom_o sit_v upon_o tree_n the_o flesh_n of_o it_o with_o we_o be_v account_v no_o good_a meat_n in_o italy_n it_o be_v more_o esteem_v §._o ii_o bellonius_fw-la his_fw-la great_a coot_n call_v by_o the_o french_a macroule_n or_o diable_fw-fr de_fw-fr mer._n it_o always_o dive_v in_o fresh_a water_n and_o be_v of_o a_o colour_n so_o exquisite_o black_a as_o if_o it_o be_v lay_v on_o with_o a_o pencil_n the_o white_a bald_a spot_n on_o the_o head_n be_v broad_a than_o in_o the_o common_a coot_n and_o it_o be_v somewhat_o bigger-bodied_n it_o draw_v up_o its_o leg_n and_o have_v broad_a toe_n divide_v from_o each_o other_o like_o the_o common_a coot_n section_n ii_o whole-footed_n long-leged_a bird_n chap._n i._n the_o flammant_fw-la or_o phoenicopter_fw-la phoenicopterus_fw-la it_o have_v extraordinary_a long_a neck_n and_o leg_n the_o bill_n be_v broad_a of_o singular_a strange_a unusual_a figure_n for_o the_o upper_a mandible_a be_v flat_a and_o broad_a crooked_a and_o tooth_v the_o low_a thick_a than_o it_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n black_a else_o it_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a blue_a the_o neck_n and_o body_n be_v white_a the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a the_o covert-feather_n be_v whole_o die_v with_o a_o most_o beautiful_a bright_a purple_a or_o flame-colour_n whence_o it_o take_v the_o name_n phoenicopter_fw-mi and_o flammant_fw-la it_o be_v whole-footed_n as_o gesner_n right_o have_v it_o from_o who_o aldrovandus_n deceive_v i_o guess_v by_o the_o picture_n of_o it_o dissent_v affirm_v the_o contrary_a viz._n that_o it_o be_v cloven-footed_a in_o wintertime_n in_o hard_a weather_n it_o come_v over_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o provence_n and_o languedoc_n in_o france_n and_o be_v often_o take_v about_o martiguez_n in_o provence_n and_o montpellier_n in_o languedoc_n we_o see_v several_a case_n of_o it_o dry_v at_o montpellier_n the_o french_a call_v it_o flambant_n or_o flammant_fw-la rather_o from_o the_o flammeous_a colour_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o foot_n than_o because_o it_o come_v from_o flanders_n in_o the_o wintertime_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o languedoc_n for_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v scarce_o ever_o see_v about_o flanders_n a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n so_o far_o be_v they_o from_o be_v common_a there_o and_o fly_v from_o thence_o into_o other_o country_n howbeit_o the_o provencal_n may_v perchance_o through_o mistake_n think_v so_o whence_o it_o come_v or_o where_o it_o breed_v be_v to_o i_o unknown_a it_o feed_v upon_o periwinkle_n and_o fish_n the_o ancient_n reckon_v the_o phoenicopter_n tongue_n among_o the_o choice_a dainty_n apitius_n the_o most_o profound_a gulf_n of_o gluttony_n and_o riot_n as_o pliny_n relate_v write_v that_o a_o phoenicopter_n tongue_n be_v of_o a_o excellent_a taste_n and_o relish_v chap._n ii_o *_o the_o trochilus_n common_o call_v corrira_n 55._o aldrov_n this_o bird_n have_v long_a leg_n yea_o the_o long_a of_o any_o whole-footed_n long_o fowl_n except_o the_o avosetta_n wherefore_o because_o it_o run_v very_o swift_o they_o call_v it_o corrira_n courier_n whence_o i_o conjecture_v it_o to_o be_v the_o trochilus_n which_o as_o they_o write_v run_v along_o the_o shore_n with_o that_o celerity_n many_o time_n that_o its_o run_n be_v swift_a than_o its_o fly_n it_o be_v a_o particoloured_a bird_n have_v a_o straight_a yellow_a bill_n black_a at_o the_o tip_n a_o wide_a slit_n of_o the_o mouth_n black_a eye_n compass_v about_o with_o a_o white_a circle_n which_o be_v environ_v by_o another_o spadiceous_a one_o underneath_o on_o the_o belly_n it_o be_v white_a two_o white_a feather_n which_o yet_o have_v black_a tip_n cover_v the_o tail_n the_o upper_a side_n head_z neck_n back_o and_o wing_n be_v most_o of_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n it_o have_v as_o i_o say_v long_a leg_n short_a thigh_n toe_n join_v together_o by_o membrane_n have_v not_o see_v this_o bird_n we_o have_v no_o more_o to_o add_v concern_v it_o it_o be_v figure_n somewhat_o resemble_v a_o larus_n aldrovandus_n be_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o write_v his_o trochilus_n have_v the_o long_a leg_n of_o any_o whole-footed_n bird_n but_o the_o avosetta_n for_o the_o phoenicopter_fw-mi have_v much_o long_a leg_n than_o the_o avosetta_n itself_o but_o aldrovandus_n be_v herein_o to_o be_v excuse_v for_o that_o he_o hold_v the_o phoenicopter_fw-mi to_o be_v a_o cloven-footed_a bird_n chap._n iii_o the_o avosetta_n of_o the_o italian_n recurvirostra_n in_o bigness_n it_o somewhat_o exceed_v a_o lapwing_n weigh_v ten_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a be_v extend_v in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n twenty_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n but_o eighteen_o in_o breadth_n take_v between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v it_o be_v full_a thirty_o one_o inch_n the_o bill_n be_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a slender_a black_a flat_a or_o depress_v reflect_v upward_o which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o bird_n end_v in_o a_o very_a thin_a slender_a weak_a point_n the_o tongue_n be_v short_a not_o cleave_v the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o mean_a size_n round_o like_o a_o ball_n or_o bullet_n black_a above_o save_o that_o the_o before_o part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v sometime_o grey_a which_o colour_n also_o take_v up_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n extend_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a under_o side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v a_o pure_a snow-white_a of_o the_o upper_a side_n partly_o white_a partly_o black_a viz._n the_o outmost_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v above_o half_a way_n black_a the_o rest_n white_a as_o be_v also_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o covert-feather_n almost_o to_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a which_o make_v a_o broad_a bed_n of_o black_a not_o direct_o cross_v the_o wing_n but_o a_o little_a oblique_a on_o the_o back_o again_o it_o have_v two_o black_a strike_n begin_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o shoulder_n or_o set_v on_o of_o the_o wing_n and_o proceed_v transvers_o till_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o they_o do_v almost_o meet_v be_v thence_o produce_v straight_o on_o to_o the_o tail_n the_o whole_a tail_n be_v white_a three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o leg_n be_v very_o long_o of_o a_o lovely_a blue_a colour_n bare_a of_o feather_n for_o almost_o three_o inch_n above_o the_o knee_n the_o claw_n black_a and_o little_a it_o have_v a_o back-toe_n but_o a_o very_a small_a one_o the_o blind_a gut_n be_v slender_a almost_o three_o inch_n long_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o gut_n be_v three_o foot_n it_o have_v a_o gallbladder_n empty_v itself_o into_o the_o gut_n by_o its_o own_o proper_a dust_z or_o channel_n and_o a_o gall-pore_a beside_o the_o stomach_n be_v small_a in_o which_o dissect_a we_o find_v nothing_o but_o little_a stone_n so_o that_o thence_o we_o can_v not_o learn_v on_o what_o it_o feed_v indeed_o the_o bill_n be_v so_o slender_a weak_a long_a and_o of_o so_o inconvenient_a a_o figure_n turn_v upward_o one_o will_v wonder_v how_o it_o can_v gather_v its_o food_n be_v it_o what_o it_o will_n mr._n willughby_n describe_v the_o wing_n thus_o the_o interior_a scapular_a feather_n be_v black_a which_o make_v a_o long_a black_a spot_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n from_o the_o set_n on_o thereof_o to_o the_o first_o joint_n be_v white_a from_o the_o first_o to_o the_o second_o joint_n the_o lesser_a covert-feather_n be_v black_a from_o the_o second_o joint_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o great_a quil-feather_n white_a again_o the_o first_o quill_n or_o pinion_n feather_n be_v whole_o black_a the_o succeed_a have_v by_o degree_n less_o and_o less_o black_a till_o in_o the_o eight_o only_o the_o exterior_a tip_n remain_v black_a we_o see_v many_o of_o these_o bird_n both_o at_o rome_n and_o venice_n they_o do_v also_o frequent_v our_o eastern_a coast_n in_o suffolk_n and_o norfolk_n in_o winter_n time_n but_o there_o need_v no_o great_a pain_n be_v
back-feather_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n as_o in_o goose_n the_o end_n of_o the_o quil-feather_n black_a the_o tail_n be_v about_o seven_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twenty_o or_o twenty_o two_o feather_n of_o almost_o equal_a length_n save_v that_o the_o outmost_a be_v a_o little_o short_a than_o the_o middlemost_a each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o eight_o quil-feather_n the_o bill_n towards_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o end_n be_v yellowish_a the_o upper_a mandible_a broad_a and_o flat_a the_o nether_a as_o it_o be_v two_o long_a rib_n or_o spar_v join_v at_o one_o end_n with_o a_o thick_a yellow_a skin_n intercede_v which_o reach_v backward_o to_o the_o throat_n beyond_o the_o bill_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o little_a knob_v or_o protuberance_n but_o the_o utmost_a tip_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v hook_v the_o nostril_n be_v situate_a at_o the_o base_a of_o the_o bill_n near_o the_o head_n above_o the_o cranny_n or_o furrow_n run_v along_o the_o length_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o in_o the_o soland-goose_n and_o be_v round_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a ash-colour_n or_o rather_o whitish_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o lead_n colour_n the_o shank_n bare_a above_o the_o knee_n all_o the_o four_o toe_n be_v webed_n together_o as_o aldrovand_n have_v right_o observe_v we_o see_v and_o describe_v this_o bird_n in_o the_o royal_a aviary_n in_o st._n james_n park_n near_o westminster_n the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n by_o his_o ambassador_n send_v to_o his_o majesty_n in_o the_o year_n 166â—_n among_o other_o rarity_n present_v the_o king_n with_o two_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n franciscus_n stellutus_fw-la in_o a_o letter_n to_o animal_n jo._n faber_n at_o rome_n describe_v a_o pelecan_n he_o see_v at_o fabriano_n thus_o this_o bird_n be_v much_o big_a than_o the_o big_a goose_n yea_o equal_a to_o or_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n that_o which_o gesner_n describe_v weigh_v twenty_o four_o pound_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n the_o pound_n of_o aldrovand_n two_o one_o weigh_v eighteen_o pound_n the_o other_o twenty_o five_o of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n yet_o not_o pure_o white_a but_o cloud_v with_o something_o of_o dusky_a or_o red_a nor_o be_v this_o colour_n uniform_a all_o the_o body_n over_o for_o the_o wing-feather_n be_v dark_a than_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n its_o foot_n be_v make_v up_o of_o three_o toe_n join_v together_o by_o a_o membrane_n and_o a_o heel_n behind_o here_o by_o inadvertency_n i_o suppose_v stellutus_fw-la be_v mistake_v for_o all_o four_o toe_n be_v webed_n together_o the_o bill_n almost_o as_o long_o as_o one_o arm_n but_o not_o tooth_v the_o tip_n of_o the_o upper_a chap_n be_v bend_v downward_o with_o a_o hook_n like_o the_o claw_n of_o some_o bird_n i_o can_v not_o see_v any_o tongue_n neither_o can_v faber_n who_o see_v this_o same_o bird_n afterward_o at_o rome_n find_v the_o tongue_n though_o he_o search_v diligent_o for_o it_o but_o where_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v fix_v i_o observe_v certain_a perforate_a body_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n there_o stand_v up_o some_o feather_n elevate_v above_o the_o rest_n imitate_v a_o crest_n the_o bag_n which_o hang_v down_o under_o the_o bill_n and_o which_o make_v the_o pelecan_n great_o different_a from_o other_o bird_n be_v membranaceous_a which_o it_o sometime_o contract_n and_o draw_v up_o so_o to_o the_o bill_n that_o it_o be_v scarce_o conspicuous_a other_o time_n it_o suffer_v to_o be_v so_o dilate_v as_o to_o receive_v and_o contain_v many_o faber_n say_v thirty_o pound_n of_o water_n the_o membrane_n be_v so_o stretch_v and_o distend_v that_o it_o appear_v transparent_a many_o fibre_n and_o vein_n run_v up_o and_o down_o through_o it_o i_o wonder_v most_o they_o be_v faber_n word_n when_o the_o bill_n be_v open_v very_o wide_a i_o see_v the_o whole_a head_n of_o a_o man_n of_o great_a stature_n receive_v in_o that_o vast_a gulf_n of_o the_o bill_n craw._n in_o the_o head_n i_o discover_v two_o manifest_a but_o small_a hole_n reach_v to_o the_o brain_n which_o serve_v for_o smell_v want_v a_o tongue_n it_o must_v make_v that_o uncouth_a sound_n like_o the_o bray_n of_o a_o ass_n by_o the_o help_n of_o its_o larynx_n only_o i_o hear_v not_o this_o but_o the_o keeper_n of_o this_o bird_n that_o carry_v it_o up_o and_o down_o to_o show_v when_o he_o provoke_v it_o strike_v it_o on_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o bird_n seem_v angry_a and_o ready_a to_o peck_v or_o strike_v with_o its_o bill_n so_o that_o it_o will_v sometime_o catch_v hold_n of_o his_o hand_n it_o make_v a_o noise_n somewhat_o like_o the_o cry_n of_o a_o goose_n and_o that_o a_o small_a and_o hoarse_a one_o the_o noble_a lord_n jo._n carolus_n schaad_n relate_v to_o i_o that_o a_o great_a while_n since_o there_o be_v three_o pelecan_n shoot_v in_o the_o river_n danow_n run_v through_o bavaria_n two_o of_o which_o be_v kill_v the_o three_o bring_v alive_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n court_n where_o it_o live_v forty_o year_n it_o be_v much_o delight_v in_o the_o company_n and_o conversation_n of_o man_n and_o in_o music_n both_o vocal_a and_o instrumental_a for_o it_o will_v willing_o stand_v by_o those_o that_o sing_v or_o sound_v the_o trumpet_n and_o stretch_v out_o its_o head_n and_o turn_v its_o ear_n to_o the_o music_n listen_v very_o attentive_o to_o that_o sweet_a harmony_n though_o its_o own_o voice_n be_v say_v to_o be_v like_o the_o bray_n of_o a_o ass_n this_o confirm_v what_o we_o read_v in_o aldrovand_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o pelecan_n which_o be_v keep_v fifty_o year_n at_o mechlin_n and_o be_v very_o believe_v to_o be_v eighty_o year_n old_a thus_o far_o faber_n it_o be_v singular_a in_o this_o bird_n that_o its_o bone_n be_v pellucid_a solid_a without_o any_o marrow_n at_o all_o within_o and_o that_o the_o division_n of_o the_o windpipe_n into_o two_o branch_n be_v near_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o stomach_n which_o i_o never_o observe_v in_o any_o other_o bird_n say_v aldrovand_n this_o bird_n feed_v upon_o fish_n as_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n faber_n see_v it_o swallow_v two_o fresh_a hakes_n that_o weigh_v about_o four_o pound_n whole_a many_o of_o they_o frequent_v the_o river_n danow_n but_o breed_v not_o there_o bellonius_fw-la say_v he_o see_v flock_n of_o onocrotali_n in_o egypt_n olaus_n magnus_n write_v that_o they_o be_v frequent_a in_o the_o northern_a country_n oviedus_fw-la report_n that_o there_o be_v often_o see_v a_o great_a flock_n of_o they_o about_o panama_n in_o the_o west_n indies_n where_o they_o breed_v on_o the_o adjacent_a rock_n and_o islandr_n there_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o they_o likewise_o on_o the_o caspian_a sea_n of_o old_a time_n it_o seem_v they_o have_v frequent_v the_o coast_n of_o italy_n about_o ravenna_n for_o martial_a have_v it_o turpe_fw-la ravennatis_fw-la guttur_fw-la onocrotali_fw-la matthiolus_n make_v they_o very_o common_a in_o the_o seacoast_n of_o tuscany_n especial_o about_o the_o cape_n argentaro_n be_v frequent_o find_v about_o port_n hercole_n and_o the_o lake_n of_o urbicello_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v they_o agrotti_n what_o credit_n this_o deserve_v say_v faber_n i_o know_v not_o this_o i_o know_v that_o many_o of_o matthiolus_n his_o country_n man_n have_v scarce_o ever_o see_v so_o much_o as_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o onocrotalus_n which_o if_o they_o be_v so_o common_a there_o will_v not_o sure_o be_v account_v such_o strange_a thing_n as_o to_o be_v carry_v about_o to_o show_v at_o rome_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o italy_n chap._n ii_o the_o soland_n goose_n anser_n bassanus_n in_o bigness_n it_o equal_v a_o tame_a goose_n it_o be_v by_o measure_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n thirty_o four_o inch_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n thirty_o nine_o its_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a length_n for_o be_v extend_v their_o extreme_a tip_n be_v seventy_o two_o inch_n distant_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v long_o straight_o of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n a_o little_a crooked_a at_o the_o point_n have_v on_o each_o side_n not_o far_o from_o the_o hook_n a_o angular_a appendix_n or_o tooth_n like_o the_o bill_n of_o some_o rapacious_a bird_n beyond_o the_o eye_n the_o skin_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o head_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n as_o in_o the_o cormorant_n the_o palate_n and_o all_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v black_a the_o slit_n of_o the_o mouth_n huge_a wide_a at_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o hyoide_n upsilon-like_a bone_n be_v a_o very_a small_a tongue_n the_o ear_n of_o a_o mean_a size_n the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n in_o another_o bird_n
time_n of_o which_o the_o one_o be_v always_o addle_n they_o feed_v their_o young_a one_o wondrous_o fat_a the_o old_a one_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n at_o break_v of_o day_n leave_v their_o nest_n and_o young_a and_o the_o island_n itself_o and_o spend_v the_o whole_a day_n in_o fish_v in_o the_o sea_n never_o return_v or_o once_o set_v foot_n on_o the_o island_n before_o evening_n twilight_n so_o that_o all_o day_n the_o island_n be_v so_o quiet_a and_o still_o from_o all_o noise_n as_o if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o bird_n about_o it_o whatever_o fish_n or_o other_o food_n they_o have_v get_v and_o swallow_v in_o the_o daytime_n by_o the_o innate_a heat_n or_o proper_a ferment_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v as_o they_o say_v change_v into_o a_o certain_a oily_a substance_n or_o rather_o chyle_n a_o good_a part_n whereof_o in_o the_o nighttime_n they_o vomit_v up_o into_o the_o mouth_n of_o their_o young_a which_o be_v therewith_o nourish_v grow_v extraordinary_o fat_a when_o they_o 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measure_v from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n exceed_v the_o length_n of_o a_o man_n middle_a singer_n the_o low_a mandible_a black_a the_o upper_a along_o its_o middle_a or_o upper_a part_n black_a on_o the_o side_n red_a the_o tip_n be_v black_a and_o hook_a both_o upper_a and_o low_a tooth_v on_o both_o side_n like_o a_o saw_n the_o tooth_n incline_v inward_a the_o tongue_n and_o palate_n be_v yellow_a it_o have_v not_o a_o crest_n proper_o so_o call_v on_o the_o head_n but_o the_o feather_n be_v more_o loose_a and_o stand_v more_o stare_v upward_o than_o ordinary_a whence_o also_o the_o head_n seem_v to_o be_v big_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v the_o ear_n be_v round_o the_o nostril_n large_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o sanguine_a
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flesh_n be_v not_o pleasant_a nor_o very_o wholesome_a like_o that_o of_o other_o fenny_a bird_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v use_v for_o food_n by_o any_o one_o of_o a_o critical_a palate_n between_o this_o and_o the_o precedent_n doucker_n there_o be_v so_o little_a difference_n that_o i_o scarce_o doubt_v but_o they_o be_v the_o same_o §._o iv._o the_o grey_a or_o ash-coloured_a loon_n of_o dr._n brown_n this_o bird_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a doucker_n as_o well_o crest_v as_o not_o crest_v in_o the_o grey_a colour_n of_o its_o body_n be_v much_o rare_a with_o we_o the_o picture_n represent_v the_o feather_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n stand_v up_o in_o form_n of_o a_o crest_n or_o toppin_n §._o v._o the_o great_a crest_v and_o horn_a doucker_n it_o be_v something_o less_o than_o that_o describe_v in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o have_v a_o thick_a and_o long_a bill_n approach_v to_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n it_o be_v both_o crest_a and_o horn_a have_v long_a feather_n stand_v out_o about_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n black_a above_o and_o red_a on_o the_o side_n the_o chin_n and_o space_n about_o the_o eye_n be_v white_a bound_v with_o red_a the_o neck_n be_v not_o so_o long_o as_o in_o the_o first_o kind_n the_o upper_a or_o backside_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v partly_o blackish_a and_o partly_o show_v something_o of_o red_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o spot_n we_o mention_v encompass_v the_o eye_n viz._n white_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o red_a on_o the_o back_o some_o long_a downy_a feather_n of_o a_o cinereous_a and_o a_o red_a colour_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o black_a one_o the_o wing_n be_v long_o in_o proportion_n than_o in_o the_o first_o their_o ridge_n and_o almost_o all_o their_o quil-feather_n be_v whitish_a else_o of_o a_o sooty_a colour_n in_o the_o bird_n we_o see_v the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a or_o brown_a colour_n but_o the_o lesser_a quil-feather_n be_v white_a as_o also_o those_o small_a feather_n on_o the_o base_a or_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o leg_n be_v not_o situate_a so_o backward_o as_o in_o the_o first_o §._o vi_o the_o didapper_n or_o dipper_n or_o dobchick_n or_o small_a doucker_n loon_n or_o arsfoot_n colymbus_n five_o podicipe_n minor_a for_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o body_n it_o be_v like_a to_o a_o teal_n but_o lesser_a by_o almost_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o six_o ounce_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n ten_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n distend_v sixteen_o broad_a it_o be_v bill_n from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v one_o inch_n straight_o sharp_a almost_o like_o a_o thrush_n bill_n thick_a at_o the_o head_n and_o lessen_v by_o degree_n to_o the_o point_n the_o upper_a chap_n black_a except_v only_o its_o very_a tip_n and_o side_n which_o be_v of_o a_o 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outmost_a be_v of_o a_o mouse-dun_a or_o black_a brown_a the_o interior_a to_o the_o twenty_o third_n particoloured_a the_o outer_a web_n be_v dusky_a the_o inner_a partly_o white_a the_o white_a part_n be_v in_o the_o near_o to_o the_o body_n broad_a in_o the_o more_o remote_a feather_n narrow_a as_o for_o the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n those_o above_o be_v black_a those_z beneath_z white_z it_o have_v no_o tail_n at_o all_o but_o yet_o have_v the_o rump-glandules_a though_o lesser_a than_o ordinary_a out_o of_o which_o also_o spring_v a_o brush_n or_o tuft_n of_o feather_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n the_o leg_n be_v situate_a very_o backward_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o body_n make_v rather_o for_o swim_v than_o walk_v so_o that_o it_o can_v walk_v but_o with_o the_o body_n erect_v almost_o perpendicular_o compress_a or_o flat_a of_o a_o sordid_a green_a colour_n serrate_v behind_o with_o a_o double_a row_n of_o asperity_n the_o sol_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v black_a the_o foot_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o broad_a toe_n finned_a on_o each_o side_n with_o lateral_a membrane_n have_v thin_a broad_a blunt_a claw_n like_o humane_a nail_n yet_o be_v the_o toe_n join_v together_o by_o intervening_a membrane_n from_o the_o divarication_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n it_o have_v also_o a_o small_a back-toe_n finned_a in_o like_a manner_n on_o each_o side_n two_o blind_a gut_n of_o a_o moderate_a length_n no_o labyrinth_n on_o the_o windpipe_n a_o membranaceous_a stomach_n strong_a musculous_a thigh_n by_o the_o help_n whereof_o it_o swim_v very_o swift_o dive_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o rise_v again_o at_o pleasure_n from_o the_o make_n and_o conformation_n of_o its_o part_n it_o move_v with_o more_o
ease_n and_o expedition_n under_o water_n than_o either_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n or_o upon_o the_o land_n so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v rise_v above_o water_n it_o hold_v up_o its_o head_n look_v about_o it_o and_o with_o wonderful_a celerity_n plunge_v itself_o under_o water_n again_o it_o can_v hardly_o raise_v itself_o up_o out_o of_o the_o water_n but_o when_o it_o be_v once_o get_v upon_o the_o wing_n it_o can_v hold_v out_o fly_v a_o long_a time_n the_o stomach_n of_o that_o we_o dissect_v be_v full_a of_o grass_n and_o weed_n bellonius_fw-la say_v that_o it_o feed_v most_o willing_o upon_o fish_n be_v roast_v it_o smell_v very_o strong_a both_o gesner_n and_o aldrovand_n describe_v two_o kind_n of_o small_a doucker_n but_o they_o differ_v so_o little_a one_o from_o the_o other_o that_o i_o suppose_v the_o diversity_n be_v rather_o in_o age_n or_o sex_n than_o in_o species_n chap._n iii_o whole-footed_n doucker_n with_o tail_n §._o i._o the_o great_a speckled_a 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with_o certain_a papillary_n glandule_n the_o throat_n be_v vast_a loose_a and_o dilatable_a the_o gut_n large_a especial_o towards_o the_o stomach_n the_o stomach_n less_o fleshy_a and_o musculous_a than_o in_o granivorous_a bird_n the_o bird_n describe_v be_v shoot_v on_o the_o river_n tame_n in_o warwickshire_n i_o have_v see_v four_o of_o they_o 1._o one_o at_o venice_n in_o italy_n 2._o one_o in_o yorkshire_n at_o dr._n hewleys_n shoot_v near_o cawood_n 3._o a_o three_o in_o the_o repository_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n 4._o a_o four_o in_o the_o house_n of_o my_o honour_a friend_n mr._n richard_n darley_n in_o london_n take_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o jarsey_n they_o differ_v something_o one_o from_o another_o in_o colour_n for_o some_o of_o they_o have_v a_o ring_n about_o their_o neck_n their_o back_n neck_n and_o head_n black_a and_o paint_v with_o little_a white_a line_n other_o want_v the_o ring_n and_o have_v the_o upper_a side_n of_o their_o body_n more_o ash-coloured_a or_o grey_a vary_v with_o white_a speck_n and_o not_o line_n perchance_o these_o be_v the_o hen_n those_o the_o cock_n §._o ii_o *_o gesner_n great_a doucker_n colymbus_n maximus_fw-la gesneri_fw-la in_o the_o lake_n of_o constance_n i_o hear_v there_o be_v take_v though_o but_o seldom_o a_o certain_a bird_n congenerous_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a but_o big_a than_o a_o goose_n call_v fluder_n from_o its_o uncouth_a flutter_a motion_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n for_o that_o it_o can_v neither_o fly_v well_o nor_o walk_v convenient_o unless_o it_o lean_v both_o upon_o foot_n and_o wing_n as_o do_v also_o the_o other_o doucker_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o leg_n so_o turn_v backward_o that_o it_o have_v a_o long_a sharp_a bill_n a_o loud_a shrill_a cry_n of_o a_o singular_a kind_n that_o it_o dive_v exceed_o deep_a so_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o take_v twenty_o yard_n deep_a under_o water_n viz._n with_o a_o net_n or_o a_o iron-hook_n bait_v with_o a_o fish_n that_o they_o be_v common_o sell_v for_o two_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a of_o silver_n a_o piece_n leonard_n baltner_n a_o fisherman_n of_o strasburgh_n describe_v this_o bird_n thus_o in_o bigness_n it_o equal_v a_o goose_n its_o length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v one_o strasburgh_n yard_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v bill_n from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o eye_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o the_o leg_n from_o the_o claw_n to_o the_o feather_n that_o be_v the_o bare_a part_n ten_o inch_n the_o space_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v two_o yard_n and_o a_o quarter_n the_o stomach_n small_a it_o feed_v upon_o fish_n the_o bill_n sharp_a the_o foot_n broad_a the_o toe_n webed_n together_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v cinereous_a and_o black_a the_o under-side_n white_a the_o tail_n three_o inch_n long_o it_o dive_v very_o far_o a_o pistol-shot_n before_o it_o rise_v again_o it_o be_v flesh_n be_v commend_v for_o good_a meat_n and_o be_v of_o no_o unpleasant_a taste_n this_o bird_n if_o it_o be_v different_a from_o the_o above_o describe_v be_v i_o confess_v hitherto_o to_o i_o unknown_a mr._n johnson_n in_o his_o paper_n send_v we_o write_v that_o he_o have_v see_v a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n without_o any_o spot_n in_o its_o back_n or_o wing_n but_o yet_o think_v it_o not_o to_o differ_v specifical_o but_o accidental_o §._o iii_o *_o wormius_n his_o northern_a doucker_n call_v lumme_n it_o be_v common_a among_o the_o norwegian_n and_o islander_n who_o in_o their_o own_o country_n language_n call_v it_o they_o lumme_n carolus_n clusius_n mention_n it_o in_o his_o auctarium_fw-la pag._n 367._o it_o be_v a_o elegant_a bird_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o duck_n with_o a_o black_a sharp_a bill_n two_o inch_n long_o it_o be_v head_n and_o neck_n be_v cover_v with_o grey_a cinereous_a feather_n end_v in_o a_o sharp_a point_n as_o if_o it_o have_v a_o monk_n hood_n on_o its_o back_n it_o be_v back_o and_o 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else_o white_a the_o seven_o have_v only_o a_o black_a spot_n near_o the_o tip_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v white_a in_o brief_a the_o ridge_n upper_a or_o forepart_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v all_o along_o black_a which_o colour_n near_o the_o back_o be_v dilate_v into_o a_o large_a and_o broad_a stroke_n or_o spot_n the_o bill_n be_v more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o something_o arcuate_v or_o bend_v downward_o especial_o towards_o the_o point_n which_o be_v sharp_a of_o a_o black_a colour_n the_o low_a mandible_a not_o far_o from_o the_o tip_n bunch_a out_o into_o a_o angle_n underneath_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o ash_n or_o livid_n colour_n its_o claw_n black_a it_o have_v some_o rudiment_n of_o a_o hind-toe_n rather_o than_o a_o perfect_a toe_n for_o it_o be_v only_o a_o carneous_a knob_v without_o any_o claw_n the_o leg_n also_o be_v destitute_a of_o feather_n for_o about_o the_o length_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o knee_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o mouth_n within_o and_o the_o tongue_n be_v like_a that_o of_o a_o apple_n assyrian_a apple_n as_o bellonius_fw-la have_v observe_v the_o tail_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o almost_o equal_a feather_n the_o number_n of_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n twenty_o eight_o or_o twenty_o nine_o this_o bird_n be_v easy_o know_v and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n that_o we_o have_v hitherto_o observe_v by_o its_o want_v the_o back-toe_n it_o be_v common_a on_o our_o seacoast_n §._o vi_o the_o pewit_n or_o black-cap_n call_v in_o some_o place_n the_o sea-crow_n and_o mire-crow_n larus_n cinereus_fw-la ornithologi_fw-la 73._o aldrov_n also_o the_o larus_n cinereus_fw-la tertius_fw-la aldrov_n the_o cepphus_n of_o turner_n and_o gesner_n it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o tame_a pigeon_n that_o which_o we_o describe_v weigh_v about_o ten_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o tip_n of_o bill_n to_o end_v of_o tail_n be_v fifteen_o inch_n its_o breadth_n thirty_o seven_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v of_o a_o sanguine_a colour_n bend_v something_o downward_o from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n two_o inch_n long_o the_o palate_n be_v of_o a_o red-lead_a colour_n the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o eyelid_n red_a both_o upper_a and_o low_a eyelid_n towards_o the_o hind-part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v compass_v with_o white_a feather_n the_o head_n and_o throat_n be_v black_a but_o dilute_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o ash-coloured_a the_o neck_n tail_n breast_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o number_n of_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n twenty_o nine_o the_o tip_n and_o extreme_a edge_n of_o the_o first_o be_v white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n black_a the_o follow_a feather_n to_o the_o ten_o have_v black_a tip_n yet_o with_o some_o diversity_n in_o several_a bird_n else_o the_o whole_a wing_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o tail_n all_o snow-white_a of_o about_o five_o 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growth_n those_o entrust_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n drive_v they_o from_o off_o the_o island_n through_o the_o pool_n into_o net_n set_v on_o the_o bank_n to_o take_v they_o when_o they_o have_v take_v they_o they_o feed_v they_o with_o the_o entrail_n of_o beast_n and_o when_o they_o be_v fat_a sell_v they_o for_o four_o penny_n or_o five_o penny_n apiece_o they_o take_v yearly_a about_o a_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o young_a one_o whence_o may_v be_v compute_v what_o profit_n the_o lord_n make_v of_o they_o about_o the_o end_n of_o july_n they_o all_o fly_v away_o and_o leave_v the_o island_n some_o say_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o those_o bird_n be_v black_a only_o in_o spring_n and_o summer_n a_o certain_a friend_n of_o i_o say_v aldrovand_n do_v sometime_o write_v to_o i_o from_o comachio_n that_o the_o feather_n on_o their_o head_n grow_v black_a in_o march_n and_o that_o that_o blackness_n continue_v for_o three_o month_n viz._n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v breed_v and_o rear_v their_o young_a and_o that_o the_o other_o nine_o month_n of_o the_o year_n they_o be_v white_a which_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v true_a for_o to_o i_o indeed_o it_o seem_v not_o probable_a no_o wonder_n that_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o species_n of_o bird_n describe_v at_o several_a time_n of_o the_o year_n there_o shall_v be_v three_o or_o four_o make_v aldrovandus_n write_v that_o the_o description_n of_o gesner_n agree_v in_o other_o thing_n to_o his_o ash-coloured_a gull_n disagree_v only_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o bill_n and_o foot_n but_o perhaps_o say_v he_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n may_v vary_v in_o bird_n of_o the_o same_o species_n which_o i_o will_v not_o easy_o grant_v unless_o they_o differ_v in_o age_n or_o sex_n §._o vii_o *_o the_o great_a white_a gull_n of_o bellonius_fw-la which_o we_o judge_v not_o to_o be_v specifical_o different_a from_o our_o pewit_n it_o be_v say_v he_o lesser_a than_o the_o ash-coloured_a mew_n and_o a_o veryhandsom_a bird_n as_o fair_a to_o see_v to_o as_o a_o white_a pigcon_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v bigger-bodied_n and_o yet_o be_v strip_v of_o its_o feather_n it_o have_v far_o less_o flesh_n it_o be_v as_o white_a as_o snow_n yet_o wing_n under_o the_o wing_n it_o have_v somewhat_o of_o ash-colour_n the_o eye_n be_v great_a and_o encompass_v with_o a_o black_a circle_n near_o the_o region_n of_o the_o ear_n on_o both_o side_n be_v a_o black_a spot_n it_o be_v well_o wing_a for_o the_o wing_n exceed_v the_o tail_n in_o length_n its_o leg_n and_o bill_n be_v red_a which_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o ash-coloured_a gull_n it_o stand_v straight_o upon_o its_o leg_n carry_v the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o body_n more_o elevate_v so_o that_o the_o low_a part_n seem_v to_o be_v bend_v like_o a_o bow_n the_o bill_n be_v round_o and_o sharp-pointed_a the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a this_o bird_n in_o most_o thing_n approachòs_fw-la to_o our_o pewit_n last_o describe_v it_o differ_v in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o the_o black_a spot_n about_o the_o ear_n aldrovandus_n make_v the_o lesser_a white_a larus_n of_o bellonius_fw-la to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o cepphus_n of_o turner_n that_o be_v our_o pewit_n i_o rather_o think_v it_o to_o be_v the_o sea-swallow_n because_o he_o write_v that_o it_o frequent_v fenny_a place_n and_o thò_fw-la bank_n of_o river_n chap._n ii_o great_a brown_a and_o grey_a gull_n §._o i._o our_o catarracta_n i_o suppose_v the_o cornish_a gannet_n skua_fw-la hoier_n clus_o the_o skin_n of_o this_o stuff_v be_v send_v we_o by_o our_o learned_a and_o worthy_a friend_n dr._n walter_n needham_n who_o find_v it_o hang_v up_o in_o a_o certain_a gentleman_n hall_n the_o bird_n itself_o live_v or_o new_o
spot_v in_o the_o middle_n with_o brown_a the_o chin_n be_v white_a each_o wing_n have_v thirty_o quil-feather_n all_o black_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n in_o some_o be_v black_a in_o some_o cinereous_a the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a consist_v of_o a_o dozen_o feather_n the_o outmost_a tip_n of_o which_o be_v white_a then_o succeed_v a_o cross_a bed_n or_o bar_v of_o black_a of_o about_o two_o inch_n broad_a the_o low_a part_n be_v vary_v with_o transverse_a bar_n of_o white_a and_o black_a the_o white_a also_o spot_v with_o black_a the_o bill_n be_v almost_o three_o inch_n long_o all_o black_a the_o upper_a chap_n bend_v a_o little_a downward_o and_o as_o it_o be_v hook_v the_o low_a between_o the_o angle_n and_o the_o tip_n underneath_o bunch_n out_o into_o a_o knob_v the_o nostril_n oblong_v the_o eye_n grey_a the_o neck_n short_a the_o head_n great_a which_o in_o walk_v or_o stand_v still_o it_o always_o draw_v down_o to_o its_o shoulder_n as_o do_v also_o other_o gull_n so_o that_o one_o will_v think_v they_o have_v no_o neck_n of_o a_o whitish_a grey_a colour_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v white_a or_o white_a with_o a_o little_a duskishness_n the_o hind-toe_n small_a the_o claw_n black_a that_o of_o the_o middle_a toe_n sharp_a on_o the_o inside_n it_o have_v a_o huge_a liver_n divide_v in_o two_o a_o gall_n annex_v to_o the_o right_a lobe_n the_o stomach_n more_o musculous_a than_o in_o carnivorous_a bird_n the_o blind_a gut_n short_a and_o little_a yet_o turgid_a and_o full_a of_o excrement_n the_o cornish_a man_n relate_v to_o we_o for_o a_o certain_a truth_n that_o this_o bird_n be_v wont_a to_o persecute_v and_o terrify_v the_o sea-swallow_n and_o other_o small_a gull_n so_o long_o till_o they_o mute_a for_o fear_n and_o then_o catch_v their_o excrement_n before_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o water_n and_o greedy_o devour_v they_o as_o a_o great_a dainty_a this_o some_o of_o they_o affirm_v 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cambridge-shire_n the_o coddy-moddy_a larus_n fuscus_fw-la five_o hybernus_fw-la it_o weigh_v well_o nigh_o seventeen_o ounce_n in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n or_o tail_n it_o be_v by_o measure_n eighteen_o inch_n and_o better_a the_o extreme_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v forty_o five_o inch_n distant_a the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o throat_n about_o the_o craw_n be_v a_o little_a dusky_a else_o the_o under-side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v all_o white_a the_o head_n be_v white_a spot_v with_o brown_a the_o neck_n brown_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o cinereous_a the_o long_a scapular_a feather_n vary_v with_o brown_a spot_n the_o rump_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n more_o than_o five_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o extreme_a tip_n of_o the_o tail-feather_n be_v white_a then_o succeed_v a_o black_a bar_n a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v white_a the_o outmost_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o black_a colour_n the_o second_o ash-coloured_a on_o the_o inner_a side_n in_o the_o follow_v the_o black_a part_n be_v lessen_v by_o degree_n till_o in_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o the_o tip_n only_o remain_v black_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o eight_o and_o all_o the_o follow_a be_v white_a the_o eleven_o feather_n be_v whole_o cinereous_a yet_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o shaft_n not_o far_o from_o the_o tip_n dark_a in_o the_o two_o next_o be_v a_o brown_a spot_n the_o succeed_a have_v also_o their_o exterior_a edge_n black_a in_o the_o twenty_o three_o the_o blackness_n disappear_v again_o so_o that_o the_o twenty_o four_o and_o twenty_o five_o be_v whole_o cinereous_a of_o the_o last_o or_o those_o next_o the_o body_n the_o one_o half_a be_v black_a the_o lesser_a covert-feather_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o mix_a colour_n of_o cinereous_a and_o black_a those_o on_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o bill_n be_v more_o than_o two_o inch_n long_o from_o the_o nostril_n to_o the_o end_n whitish_a the_o upper_a mandible_a long_o and_o crooked_a the_o nether_a underneath_o bunch_n out_o into_o a_o angle_n or_o knob_v as_o in_o other_o great_a gull_n the_o tongue_n white_a cleave_a reach_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bill_n the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n and_o furnish_v with_o nictate_v membrane_n the_o ear_n great_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o dusky_a or_o greenish_a white_a the_o back-toe_n little_a arm_v with_o a_o small_a claw_n the_o inner_a fore-toe_n the_o least_o the_o claw_n black_a that_o of_o the_o middle_a toe_n sharp_a on_o the_o inner_a side_n the_o gut_n be_v long_v twenty_o eight_o inch_n have_v many_o spiral_n revolution_n the_o stomach_n musculous_a the_o liver_n divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n the_o gallbladder_n large_a it_o frequent_v moist_a meadow_n fen_n and_o river_n and_o sometime_o plough_v land_n too_o many_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n this_o bird_n in_o many_o thing_n come_v near_o to_o the_o larus_n major_n of_o 4._o aldrovand_n but_o differ_v from_o it_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o eye_n bill_n and_o foot_n the_o bill_n and_o foot_n in_o aldrovands_n bird_n be_v yellow_a but_o the_o description_n of_o this_o great_a gull_n larus_n major_n in_o aldrovand_n answer_v exact_o to_o that_o bird_n which_o leonard_n baltner_n have_v paint_v under_o the_o title_n of_o ein_fw-mi winder-meb_a wherefore_o we_o will_v here_o subjoin_v his_o description_n §._o v._o *_o the_o larus_n major_a greater_n gull_n of_o aldrovand_n call_v by_o leonard_n baltner_n ein_fw-mi winder-meb_a that_o be_v a_o winter_n mew_o from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n it_o be_v almost_o two_o span_n long_o have_v a_o very_a great_a and_o thick_a head_n particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o cinereous_a also_o a_o large_a full_a breast_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o more_o dilute_a especial_o towards_o the_o low_a belly_n a_o thick_a yellowish_a bill_n black_a at_o the_o tip_n and_o very_o sharp_a in_o the_o upper_a chap_n whereof_o be_v long_a nostril_n it_o gape_v very_o wide_a the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v black_a the_o iris_n yellow_a or_o shine_v like_o gold_n the_o yellow_a be_v encompass_v with_o a_o circle_n of_o black_a the_o black_a with_o a_o white_a and_o last_o the_o white_a with_o a_o grey_a or_o ash-colour_n the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o white_a cinereous_a grey_a and_o brown_a or_o chestnut_n to_o the_o quill_n which_o on_o the_o outside_n be_v dusky_a or_o blackish_a on_o the_o inside_n for_o the_o most_o part_n cinereous_a and_o beyond_o exceed_v the_o tail_n by_o a_o hand-breadth_n the_o long_a of_o they_o be_v more_o than_o a_o span_n the_o tail_n itself_o be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o better_a all_o cinereous_a except_o a_o cross_a bar_n or_o border_n of_o black_a near_o the_o end_n of_o more_o than_o a_o inch_n broad_a the_o thigh_n be_v cinereous_a and_o near_o the_o leg_n bare_a of_o feather_n the_o leg_n of_o a_o good_a length_n and_o slender_a as_o become_v a_o light_a bird_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a colour_n the_o foot_n toe_n and_o intervening_a membrane_n also_o yellow_a the_o claw_n black_a short_a and_o crooked_a the_o back-toe_n conspicuous_a enough_o arm_v also_o with_o a_o claw_n §._o vi_o *_o baltners_n great_a grey_a sea-mew_a the_o same_o perchance_o with_o we_o describe_v in_o the_o three_o place_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n it_o be_v 1⅛_n of_o a_o sirasburgh_n ell_n long_o between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v two_o ell_n broad_a it_o weigh_v scarce_o a_o pound_n the_o length_n of_o its_o foot_n from_o the_o feather_n
think_v that_o it_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o gull_n to_o which_o i_o have_v subjoin_v it_o section_n vii_o of_o whole-footed_n bird_n with_o broad_a bill_n these_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o goose-kind_n and_o the_o duck-kind_n the_o mark_n of_o the_o goose-kind_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v first_o treat_v be_v a_o big_a body_n large_a wing_n a_o long_a neck_n a_o large_a and_o round-ended_n train_n a_o white_a ring_n about_o the_o rump_n a_o round_a back_o not_o so_o flat_a and_o depress_v as_o in_o the_o duck-kind_n a_o bill_n thick_a at_o the_o base_a slenderer_n towards_o the_o tip_n and_o not_o so_o flat_a and_o broad_a at_o the_o end_n as_o in_o duck_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v short_a leg_n memb._n i._n the_o goose-kind_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o swan_n de_fw-fr cygno_fw-la §._o i._o the_o tame_a swan_n cygnus_n mansuetus_fw-la this_o bird_n be_v much_o the_o big_a of_o all_o whole-footed_n waterfowl_n with_o broad_a bill_n a_o old_a one_o we_o make_v trial_n of_o weigh_v twenty_o pound_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v fifty_o five_o inch_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n fifty_o seven_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v seven_a foot_n and_o eight_o inch_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o soft_a delicate_a plumage_n in_o the_o old_a one_o pure_o white_a in_o the_o young_a one_o grey_a the_o quill_n of_o the_o great_a wing-feather_n in_o this_o bird_n be_v great_a than_o in_o the_o wild_a swan_n the_o bill_n in_o the_o young_a one_o of_o the_o first_o year_n be_v of_o a_o lead_n colour_n have_v a_o round_a nail_n as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o tip_n and_o a_o black_a line_n on_o each_o side_n from_o the_o nostril_n to_o the_o head_n from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o triangular_a space_n bare_a of_o feather_n of_o a_o black_a colour_n the_o base_a whereof_o respect_v the_o bill_n the_o vertex_fw-la the_o eye_n in_o old_a one_o the_o bill_n be_v red_a the_o hook_n or_o nail_n at_o the_o end_n be_v black_a above_o at_o the_o base_a of_o the_o bill_n grow_v a_o great_a lobe_n of_o tuberous_a flesh_n of_o a_o black_a colour_n bend_v forward_o or_o downward_o the_o space_n under_o the_o eye_n always_o continue_v black_a the_o tongue_n be_v indent_v or_o tooth_v the_o foot_n of_o a_o lead_n colour_n bear_v a_o little_a above_o the_o knee_n the_o inmost_a toe_n have_v a_o lateral_a membrane_n appendant_a the_o claw_n be_v black_a the_o stomach_n be_v furnish_v with_o thick_a and_o strong_a muscle_n the_o gut_n have_v eight_o or_o nine_o revolution_n and_o be_v large_a the_o windpipe_n in_o this_o kind_n enter_v not_o the_o breastbone_n wherefore_o aldrovand_n do_v not_o right_o infer_v that_o aristotle_n never_o dissect_v this_o fowl_n because_o he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o this_o ingress_n and_o of_o the_o strange_a figure_n of_o the_o windpipe_n for_o this_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o wild_a swan_n not_o common_a to_o both_o kind_n we_o have_v not_o observe_v such_o a_o conformation_n of_o the_o windpipe_n in_o any_o of_o those_o tame_a swan_n we_o have_v dissect_v aldrovandus_n therefore_o think_v there_o be_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o swan_n viz._n that_o which_o he_o dissect_v do_v erroneous_o attribute_v what_o be_v proper_a to_o that_o one_o kind_n to_o the_o swan_n in_o general_n we_o have_v open_v two_o wild_a swan_n and_o in_o both_o have_v observe_v the_o windpipe_n so_o to_o enter_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o breastbone_n and_o to_o be_v there_o so_o reflect_v as_o aldrovandus_n have_v express_v both_o in_o word_n and_o figure_n of_o tame_a swan_n we_o have_v anatomize_v many_o and_o in_o all_o have_v observe_v the_o windpipe_n to_o descend_v straight_o down_o into_o the_o lung_n without_o any_o such_o digression_n or_o reflection_n it_o be_v a_o very_a long-lived_a fowl_n so_o that_o it_o be_v think_v to_o attain_v the_o age_n of_o three_o hundred_o year_n which_o say_v aldrovandus_n to_o i_o seem_v not_o likely_a for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v easy_o be_v induce_v to_o believe_v it_o for_o that_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o credible_a person_n that_o a_o goose_n will_v live_v a_o hundred_o year_n or_o more_o but_o that_o a_o swan_n be_v much_o longer-lived_n than_o a_o goose_n if_o it_o be_v not_o manifest_v in_o experience_n yet_o be_v there_o many_o convince_a argument_n to_o prove_v viz._n that_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n it_o be_v big_a that_o it_o have_v hard_a firm_a and_o more_o solid_a flesh_n that_o it_o sit_v long_o on_o its_o egg_n before_o it_o hatch_v they_o for_o that_o i_o may_v invert_v pliny_n word_n those_o creature_n live_v long_a that_o be_v long_a bear_v in_o the_o womb._n now_o incubation_n answer_v to_o gestation_n for_o the_o egg_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o expose_v womb_n with_o the_o young_a enclose_v which_o in_o viviparous_a animal_n be_v cherish_v and_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v hatch_v within_o the_o body_n in_o oviparous_a animal_n without_o the_o body_n by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o old_a one_o sit_v upon_o they_o the_o swan_n feed_v not_o upon_o fish_n but_o either_o upon_o herb_n grow_v in_o the_o water_n and_o their_o root_n and_o seed_n or_o upon_o worm_n and_o other_o infect_v and_o shellfish_n albertus_n write_v true_o that_o its_o flesh_n be_v black_a and_o hard_a as_o the_o bird_n itself_o be_v far_o big_a than_o a_o goose_n so_o its_o flesh_n be_v black_a hard_a and_o tough_a have_v grosser_n fibre_n hard_o of_o digestion_n of_o a_o bad_a and_o melancholic_a juice_n yet_o for_o its_o rarity_n serve_v as_o a_o dish_n to_o adorn_v great_a man_n table_n at_o feast_n and_o entertainment_n be_v else_o in_o my_o opinion_n no_o desirable_a dainty_a it_o lay_v seven_o or_o eight_o egg_n and_o sit_v near_o two_o month_n before_o its_o young_a one_o be_v hatch_v they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o skin_n the_o grosser_n feather_n pluck_v off_o and_o only_o the_o down_n leave_v and_o so_o dress_v as_o a_o defensative_a against_o cold_a especial_o to_o cover_v and_o cherish_v the_o breast_n and_o stomach_n §._o ii_o a_o wild_a swan_n call_v also_o a_o elk_n and_o in_o some_o place_n a_o hooper_n it_o weigh_v less_o than_o a_o tame_a swan_n not_o exceed_v two_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o ounce_n or_o sixteen_o pound_n three_o quarter_n its_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v sixty_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n fifty_o six_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o tame_a swan_n the_o colour_n white_a yet_o not_o all_o over_o so_o white_a as_o the_o tame_a swan_n for_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n and_o the_o small_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v cinereous_a sometime_o also_o here_o and_o there_o a_o brown_a feather_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o white_a one_o in_o the_o back_n each_o wing_n have_v thirty_o eight_o quill_n the_o first_o feather_n of_o the_o bastard-wing_n be_v long_a than_o ordinary_a as_o in_o the_o tame_a swan_n the_o quill_n much_o less_o than_o in_o that_o the_o bill_n towards_o the_o tip_n and_o as_o far_o as_o the_o nostril_n be_v black_a thence_o to_o the_o head_n cover_v with_o a_o yellow_a membrane_n mr._n willughby_n describe_v the_o bill_n a_o little_a different_o thus_o the_o upper_a mandible_a be_v movable_a from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o nostril_n bare_a and_o of_o a_o fair_a yellow_a colour_n beyond_o the_o nostril_n black_a the_o low_a mandible_a be_v black_a but_o the_o membrane_n under_o the_o chin_n yellow_a the_o leg_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n a_o little_a above_o the_o knee_n of_o a_o dusky_a yellow_a as_o be_v also_o the_o foot_n the_o windpipe_n after_o a_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a manner_n enter_v the_o breastbone_n in_o a_o cavity_n prepare_v for_o it_o and_o be_v therein_o reflect_v and_o after_o its_o egress_n at_o the_o divarication_n be_v contract_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n by_o a_o broad_a and_o bony_a cartilege_n then_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n go_v on_o to_o the_o lung_n these_o branch_n before_o they_o enter_v the_o lung_n be_v dilate_v and_o as_o it_o be_v swell_v out_o into_o two_o cavity_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o rump_n grow_v two_o huge_a glandule_n out_o of_o which_o by_o a_o light_a pressure_n may_v be_v squeeze_v a_o certain_a glutinous_a substance_n like_a to_o earwax_n wherewith_o she_o anoint_v and_o compose_v her_o feather_n but_o these_o glandule_n be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o this_o bird_n though_o perchance_o great_a and_o more_o remarkable_a in_o she_o but_o common_a to_o all_o the_o bird_n we_o describe_v be_v a_o female_a the_o knot_n or_o bunch_n of_o egg_n be_v situate_a far_o within_o the_o
mr._n johnson_n at_o brignal_n in_o yorkshire_n of_o the_o bernacle_n in_o sir_n william_n foster_n hall_n at_o bamburgh_n in_o northumberland_n mr._n jessop_n also_o send_v we_o they_o both_o out_o of_o yorkshire_n this_o be_v the_o bird_n who_o figure_n aldrovandus_n give_v we_o in_o the_o three_o tome_n of_o his_o ornitho-logie_a chap._n 37._o which_o brantion_n send_v he_o paint_v out_o of_o the_o low-countries_n the_o whole_a head_n and_o neck_n beside_o a_o certain_a imperfect_a white_a circle_n in_o its_o upper_a part_n the_o back_n and_o inside_n of_o the_o thigh_n be_v black_a the_o eye_n yellow_a the_o bill_n short_a than_o in_o that_o of_o bellonius_fw-la our_o bernacle_n and_o thick_a where_o it_o join_v to_o the_o head_n the_o wing_n from_o ash-colour_n incline_v to_o brown_a both_o the_o description_n and_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o ring-duck_n anas_n torquata_fw-la of_o bellonius_fw-la agree_v in_o all_o point_n to_o this_o bird_n of_o we_o so_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o be_v the_o same_o see_v aldrovands_n ornithologie_n book_n 19_o chap._n 37._o it_o be_v paint_v and_o describe_v by_o leonard_n baltner_n under_o the_o title_n of_o baumganss_n that_o be_v tree-goose_n and_o perchance_o may_v be_v also_o the_o baumgansz_n of_o gesner_n mr._n johnson_n in_o his_o letter_n late_o send_v we_o write_v as_o if_o he_o think_v that_o this_o be_v only_o the_o female_a of_o the_o precedent_n induce_v chief_o by_o this_o argument_n that_o the_o fowler_n observe_v these_o to_o company_n and_o fly_v together_o with_o they_o as_o themselves_o tell_v he_o §._o v._o the_o swan-goose_n anser_n cygnoide_v hispanicus_n seu_fw-la guineensis_fw-la the_o back_n as_o in_o other_o goose_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a grey_a the_o belly_n white_a the_o throat_n and_o breast_n of_o a_o red_a brown_a a_o line_n or_o list_n of_o dark_a brown_a run_v all_o along_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o neck_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o back_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a from_o the_o root_n whereof_o arise_v a_o knob_v or_o bunch_n over-hanging_a it_o which_o in_o the_o male_n and_o old_a bird_n be_v big_a than_o in_o the_o hen_n and_o young_a a_o line_n or_o fillet_n of_o white_a between_o the_o eye_n and_o bill_n adorn_v the_o head_n the_o tail_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n and_o wing_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v whitish_a the_o foot_n be_v red_a and_o in_o some_o the_o bill_n too_o the_o back-toe_n be_v little_a it_o be_v a_o stately_a bird_n walk_v with_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n decent_o erect_v §._o vi_o the_o gambo-goose_n or_o spur-winged_a goose_n it_o be_v for_o shape_n of_o body_n like_o to_o the_o muscovy_n duck_n and_o of_o equal_a bigness_n have_v long_o red_a leg_n a_o white_a belly_n the_o back_n of_o a_o dark_a shine_a purple_a colour_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v red_a its_o cheek_n and_o chin_n white_a it_o be_v head_n have_v a_o red_a protuberance_n caruncle_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a spur_n proceed_v from_o the_o first_o joint_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o like_o whereto_o marggrave_n have_v observe_v in_o four_o or_o five_o sort_n of_o brasilian_n bird_n but_o no_o european_a fowl_n that_o i_o know_v of_o have_v they_o §._o vii_o the_o canada_n goose_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n or_o of_o the_o foot_n be_v forty_o two_o inch_n the_o bill_n itself_o from_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v extend_v two_o inch_n and_o be_v black_a of_o colour_n the_o nostril_n be_v large_a in_o shape_n of_o body_n it_o be_v like_a to_o a_o tame_a goose_n save_v that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o little_a long_o the_o rump_n be_v black_a but_o the_o feather_n next_o above_o the_o tail_n white_a the_o back_n of_o a_o dark_a grey_a like_o the_o common_a goose_n the_o bottom_n low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v white_a else_o the_o neck_n black_a it_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o white_a stay_n or_o muffler_n under_o the_o chin_n continue_v on_o each_o side_n below_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o back_n of_o the_o head_n the_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n black_a as_o be_v also_o the_o great_a quill_n of_o the_o wing_n for_o the_o lesser_a an_o covert-feather_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a grey_a as_o in_o the_o common_a tame_a goose_n the_o eye_n be_v hazel-coloured_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o eyelid_n in_o some_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o in_o all_o white_z the_o foot_n black_a have_v the_o hind-toe_n the_o title_n show_v the_o place_n whence_o it_o come_v we_o see_v and_o describe_v both_o this_o and_o the_o precedent_n among_o the_o king_n wildfowl_n in_o st._n james_n park_n §._o viii_o the_o rat-goose_n or_o road-goose_n brenthus_n fortasse_fw-la mr._n johnson_n who_o show_v we_o this_o bird_n at_o brignal_n in_o yorkshire_n thus_o describe_v it_o it_o be_v less_o by_o half_n than_o a_o tame_a goose_n about_o two_o foot_n long_o its_o bill_n scarce_o a_o inch_n black_a of_o colour_n as_o be_v also_o the_o foot_n the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n and_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n black_a the_o feather_n next_o the_o bill_n the_o throat_n and_o breast_n brown_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o under-side_n white_a the_o upper-side_n grey_a but_o the_o end_n of_o the_o feather_n from_o grey_a darken_v into_o a_o brownish_a colour_n the_o edge_n change_v into_o white_a as_o be_v usual_a also_o in_o the_o common_a tame_a goose_n the_o quill_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a but_o this_o have_v white_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n the_o rump_n be_v also_o white_a it_o be_v a_o very_a heedless_a fowl_n contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o other_o goose_n so_o that_o if_o a_o pack_n of_o they_o come_v into_o tees_n it_o be_v seldom_o one_o escape_n away_o for_o though_o they_o be_v often_o shoot_v at_o yet_o they_o only_o fly_v a_o little_a and_o suffer_v the_o gunner_n to_o come_v open_o upon_o they_o section_n vii_o memb._n ii_o broad-billed_n bird_n of_o the_o duck-kind_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o duck_n in_o general_n the_o duck-kind_n have_v short_a neck_n and_o large_a foot_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o body_n than_o goose_n lesser_o body_n howbeit_o the_o big_a in_o this_o kind_n do_v equal_a if_o not_o exceed_v the_o least_o in_o that_o they_o have_v short_a leg_n than_o goose_n and_o situate_v more_o backward_o so_o that_o they_o go_v wadle_a a_o broad_a and_o flatter_v back_o and_o so_o a_o more_o compress_a body_n and_o last_o a_o broad_a and_o flatter_v bill_n their_o tongue_n be_v pectinate_v or_o tooth_v on_o each_o side_n which_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o goose_n these_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o wild_a or_o tame_a the_o wild_a again_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n 1._o sea-duck_n which_o feed_v most_o what_o in_o salt-water_n dive_v much_o in_o feed_v have_v a_o broad_a bill_n especial_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o bend_v upward_o to_o work_v in_o the_o slem_n a_o large_a hind-toe_n and_o thin_a likely_a for_o a_o rudder_n a_o long_a train_n not_o sharp-pointed_a 2._o pond-duck_n which_o haunt_v plash_n have_v a_o straight_a and_o narrow_a bill_n a_o very_a little_a hind-toe_n a_o sharp-pointed_a train_n white_a belly_n speckled_a feather_n black_a with_o glitter_a green_a in_o the_o middle_a wing_n with_o a_o white_a transverse_a line_n on_o either_o side_n for_o this_o distinction_n of_o sea-duck_n and_o pond-duck_n we_o be_v behold_v to_o mr._n johnson_n chap._n ii_o of_o sea-duck_n §._o i._o *_o wormius_n his_o eider_n or_o soft-feathered_n duck._n there_o have_v be_v bring_v i_o say_v wormius_n from_o the_o ferroyer_n island_n a_o certain_a sort_n of_o duck_n they_o call_v there_o eider_n what_o name_n the_o latin_n give_v it_o i_o know_v not_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o entitle_v it_o duck._n anas_n plumis_fw-la mollissimis_fw-la the_o cock_n differ_v from_o the_o hen_n in_o many_o thing_n though_o the_o lineament_n of_o the_o body_n be_v much_o what_o the_o same_o the_o cock_n in_o figure_n or_o shape_n exact_o resemble_v a_o tame_a drake_n or_o mallard_n have_v a_o flat_a black_a bill_n come_v near_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o goose_n than_a a_o duck_n perforate_v in_o the_o middle_n with_o two_o oblong_a hole_n serve_v for_o respiration_n of_o the_o length_n of_o three_o inch_n pectinate_v on_o the_o side_n from_o the_o nostril_n through_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n above_o the_o eye_n two_o very_a black_a spot_n or_o stroke_n consist_v of_o soft_a feather_n tend_v to_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n divide_v by_o a_o narrow_a white_a line_n end_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n neck_n which_o from_o green_a incline_v to_o white_a the_o whole_a neck_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o head_n the_o breast_n the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o
mixture_n of_o gilvo_fw-la isabel_n colour_n the_o plumage_n on_o its_o rump_n be_v mingle_v of_o black_a and_o white_a out_o of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o rump_n spring_n four_o sharp_a black_a feather_n two_o of_o which_o be_v nine_o inch_n long_o the_o other_o two_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o figure_n be_v but_o one_o three_o of_o the_o former_a in_o length_n the_o underside_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o belly_n halfway_n be_v black_a the_o other_o half_o and_o the_o side_n so_o far_o as_o cover_v by_o the_o wing_n white_a the_o feather_n on_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o purplish_a black_a on_o the_o under_o side_n cinereous_a the_o bill_n be_v broad_a like_o the_o common_a duck_n tooth_v the_o tip_n and_o the_o part_n next_o the_o head_n black_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o a_o elegant_a red-lead-colour_n it_o be_v small_a and_o proportion_v to_o the_o body_n the_o foot_n be_v fascil_n brown_a the_o claw_n and_o membrane_n between_o the_o toe_n black_a the_o four_o which_o stand_v backward_o and_o resemble_v a_o spur_n have_v a_o broad_a membrane_n annex_v §._o vi_o the_o swallow-tailed_a sheldrake_n of_o mr._n johnson_n the_o bill_n be_v short_a and_o simous_a black_a at_o the_o root_n to_o the_o nostril_n and_o at_o the_o end_n the_o rest_z red_z the_o head_n and_o neck_n all_o white_a which_o colour_n reach_v to_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n but_o further_a on_o the_o back_o almost_o to_o the_o scapulae_fw-la save_v that_o there_o and_o behind_o the_o ear_n there_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o dusky_a plumage_n the_o back_n and_o wing_n black_a as_o be_v the_o breast_n to_o the_o mid-bel_o but_o the_o wing_n be_v light_a than_o the_o back_n especial_o the_o middle_a pen_n which_o incline_v to_o a_o russet_a on_o either_o side_n the_o back_n from_o the_o scapulae_fw-la go_v down_o divers_a long_a sharp-pointed_a white_a feather_n which_o make_v a_o area_n of_o about_o four_o inch_n long_o and_o one_o broad_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o belly_n and_o under_o the_o tail_n be_v all_o white_a the_o tail_n have_v sixteen_o pen_n the_o two_o outmost_a all_o white_a the_o four_o middle_n all_o black_a and_o two_o of_o those_o long_o than_o the_o rest_n by_o three_o inch_n at_o least_o and_o very_o sharp-pointed_a the_o rest_n black_a on_o the_o out_o edge_n and_o white_a on_o the_o inner_a the_o leg_n whitish_a blue_a with_o black_a web_n she_o be_v a_o great_a diver_n and_o of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o widgeon_n i_o shall_v have_v take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o male_a and_o that_o describe_v by_o wormius_n the_o female_a havelda_n in_o respect_n of_o some_o common_a note_n in_o tail_n and_o neb_n but_o that_o the_o female_a be_v with_o this_o of_o i_o as_o may_v be_v presume_v a_o pair_n only_o feed_v together_o several_a day_n in_o tees_n river_n below_o barnards-castle_n and_o do_v not_o much_o differ_v in_o colour_n thus_o far_o mr._n johnson_n i_o be_o almost_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v specifical_o the_o same_o with_o wormius_n his_o havelda_n differ_v only_o in_o age_n or_o sex_n or_o perhaps_o both_o §._o vii_o the_o great_a redheaded_a duck_n see_v and_o describe_v at_o rome_n it_o be_v full_a as_o big_a or_o big_a than_o the_o tame_a duck_n weigh_v two_o pound_n and_o ten_o ounce_n roman_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v broad_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n thick_a and_o broad_a at_o the_o base_a slenderer_n and_o narrow_a towards_o the_o point_n straight_o of_o a_o light_n sanguine_a colour_n each_o mandible_a be_v pectinate_v or_o tooth_v with_o low_a tooth_n the_o tongue_n be_v thick_a broad_a as_o be_v usual_a in_o duck_n of_o a_o flesh_n colour_n cut_v in_o on_o each_o side_n with_o black_a tooth_n like_o those_o of_o a_o sickle_n the_o head_n seem_v great_a and_o thick_a than_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o curious_a silken_a plumage_n of_o a_o pale_a red_a colour_n these_o feather_n be_v long_o than_o ordinary_a and_o more_o erect_v so_o that_o they_o appear_v like_o a_o great_a crest_n or_o tuft_n the_o eye_n be_v red_a like_o the_o bill_n or_o rather_o of_o a_o red-lead_a colour_n beneath_o the_o eye_n on_o each_o side_n and_o under_o the_o throat_n the_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a ruffus_n red_a the_o whole_a neck_n the_o breast_n shoulder_n and_o whole_a belly_n be_v black_a the_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o interior_a surface_n of_o the_o wing_n white_a with_o a_o very_a sleight_n tincture_n or_o dash_n of_o red_a each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o six_o quill_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n also_o above_o except_v only_o the_o six_o next_o the_o body_n which_o be_v grey_a or_o ash-coloured_a yet_o the_o tip_n of_o all_o be_v black_a and_o in_o the_o four_o or_o five_o outmost_a the_o exterior_a web_n also_o in_o the_o middle_a quill_n the_o extreme_a tip_n be_v again_o white_a all_o the_o covert_a feather_n be_v grey_a except_v a_o white_a line_n in_o the_o uppermost_a ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o grey_a or_o ash-colour_n with_o a_o light_a tincture_n of_o red_a of_o the_o same_o colour_n be_v those_o long_a feather_n grow_v at_o the_o set_n on_o of_o each_o wing_n and_o cover_v the_o back_n above_o which_o appear_v in_o the_o back_n two_o broad_a white_a spot_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o segment_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o very_a tail_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n itself_o very_o short_a compose_v of_o sixteen_o feather_n their_o upper_a side_n grey_a their_o under_o white_a with_o a_o light_a tincture_n of_o red_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n red_a yet_o here_o and_o there_o especial_o about_o the_o joint_n cloud_v with_o sable_a the_o membrane_n connect_v the_o toe_n and_o all_o the_o sol_n of_o the_o foot_n black_a the_o bird_n i_o describe_v be_v a_o cock_n and_o have_v a_o labyrinth_n at_o the_o divarication_n of_o the_o windpipe_n the_o windpipe_n itself_o be_v great_a at_o the_o head_n slenderer_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o above_o the_o labyrinth_n again_o swell_v into_o a_o great_a tube_n it_o be_v stomach_n or_o gizzard_n very_o large_a and_o provide_v with_o very_o thick_a and_o strong_a muscle_n fill_v with_o very_o small_a stone_n mingle_v with_o grass_n it_o be_v liver_n pale_a gallbladder_n little_a blind_a gut_n long_o this_o bird_n i_o find_v in_o the_o market_n at_o rome_n shot_n i_o suppose_v upon_o the_o sea-coast_n i_o never_o happen_v to_o see_v it_o else_o where_o neither_o do_v i_o find_v any_o description_n of_o it_o or_o so_o much_o as_o any_o mention_n make_v of_o it_o in_o any_o book_n where_o it_o live_v and_o breed_v i_o know_v not_o §._o viii_o the_o scaup-duck_n perchance_o the_o fuligula_fw-la of_o gesner_n it_o be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o the_o common_a duck_n about_o two_o foot_n long_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v broad_a and_o blue_a the_o upper_a mandible_a much_o broad_a than_o the_o nether_a the_o head_n and_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o black_a green_a the_o breast_n and_o underside_n of_o the_o neck_n black_a the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n have_v something_o of_o white_a mingle_v the_o belly_n be_v white_a with_o a_o sprinkle_n of_o yellow_a in_o its_o low_a part_n about_o the_o vent_n of_o black_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o sooty_a or_o sable_a colour_n the_o middle_n white_a wave_v with_o transverse_a line_n of_o brown_a the_o low_a together_o with_o the_o tail_n brown_a the_o tail_n be_v scarce_o two_o inch_n long_o the_o wing_n brown_a adorn_v on_o the_o upper_a side_n with_o white_a spot_n have_v also_o a_o cross_a line_n of_o white_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n together_o with_o the_o web_n and_o claw_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a blue_a colour_n this_o bird_n be_v call_v the_o scaup-duck_n because_o she_o feed_v upon_o scaup_n i._n e._n break_a shellfish_n she_o vary_v infinite_o in_o colour_n especial_o in_o head_n and_o neck_n so_o that_o among_o a_o pack_n of_o forty_o or_o fifty_o you_o shall_v not_o find_v two_o exact_o alike_o a_o thing_n not_o usual_a in_o this_o kind_n this_o bird_n we_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o see_v we_o owe_v this_o description_n and_o history_n of_o it_o to_o mr._n johnson_n §._o ix_o the_o tusted_a duck_n anas_n fuligula_fw-la prima_fw-la gesneri_fw-la 217._o aldrov_n mergus_n cirratus_fw-la minor_fw-la gesn_a querquedula_fw-la cristata_fw-la five_o colymbis_fw-la bellonii_fw-la aldrovand_n p._n 210._o as_o we_o think_v capo_n negro_n at_o venice_n the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n long_o broad_a of_o a_o pale_a blue_a colour_n all_o but_o the_o tip_n
the_o shoulder_n breast_n and_o whole_a belly_n be_v white_a the_o space_n between_o the_o shoulder_n and_o all_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_o be_v black_a the_o wing_n particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a viz._n the_o middle_a feather_n both_o quill_n and_o covert_n be_v white_a the_o outer_a and_o inner_a black_a to_o speak_v more_o exact_o the_o fourteen_o outmost_a quill_n be_v black_a the_o seven_o next_o white_a the_o four_o inmost_a again_o black_a the_o covert-feather_n above_o the_o seven_o white_a one_o be_v white_a all_o but_o those_o near_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n but_o the_o bottom_n of_o those_o of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v black_a half_a way_n up_o the_o long_a scapular_a feather_n be_v also_o mix_v or_o particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a the_o tail_n be_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o sixteen_o feather_n from_o the_o outmost_a by_o degree_n long_o yet_o be_v not_o the_o tail_n sharp_a but_o rather_o round-pointed_n all_o of_o one_o uniform_a black_a colour_n the_o leg_n be_v very_o short_a of_o a_o saffron_n or_o yellowish_a red_a colour_n as_o be_v also_o the_o foot_n the_o toe_n be_v long_o dusky_a about_o the_o joint_n the_o outmost_a the_o long_a the_o inmost_a have_v a_o broad_a appendant_a membrane_n the_o membrane_n connect_v the_o toe_n and_o the_o claw_n be_v black_a the_o back-toe_n be_v small_a have_v also_o a_o broad_a appendant_a membrane_n or_o sin_n the_o windpipe_n have_v a_o labyrinth_n at_o the_o divarication_n and_o beside_o above_o swell_v out_o into_o a_o belly_n or_o puff-like_a cavity_n it_o be_v weight_n be_v about_o two_o pound_n its_o length_n from_o bill_n to_o claw_n nineteen_o inch_n its_o breadth_n thirty_o one_o these_o bird_n be_v very_o common_a at_o venice_n in_o italy_n and_o not_o rare_a upon_o our_o seacoast_n our_o small_a reddish-headed_n duck_n which_o it_o seem_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o female_a of_o the_o precedent_n perchance_o the_o anas_n schollent_a of_o gesner_n or_o the_o anas_n fera_fw-fr fusca_fw-la alia_fw-la of_o aldrovand_n p._n 222._o it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o anas_n fuligula_fw-la prima_fw-la of_o gesner_n weigh_v twenty_o four_o ounce_n be_v from_o bill_n to_o claw_n seventeen_o inch_n long_o it_o have_v a_o great_a head_n of_o a_o fordo_v red_a colour_n a_o short_a neck_n of_o a_o grey_a or_o hoary_a a_o white_a breast_n and_o belly_n it_o be_v back_o tail_n most_o of_o the_o covert-feather_n and_o ten_o outmost_a quill_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o black_a the_o quil-feather_n from_o the_o ten_o to_o about_o the_o twenty_o be_v white_a in_o the_o lesser_a row_n of_o covert-feather_n be_v also_o a_o great_a spot_n of_o white_a the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n as_o many_o as_o be_v incumbent_a on_o the_o white_a quill_n be_v white_a but_o tip_v with_o black_a in_o the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n there_o be_v also_o a_o large_a white_a or_o ash-coloured_a spot_n so_o that_o in_o some_o the_o whole_a wing_n almost_o seem_v to_o be_v white_a the_o wing_n be_v small_a for_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bird_n their_o feather_n be_v short_a the_o tail_n be_v make_v up_o of_o sixteen_o feather_n and_o be_v for_o this_o kind_n long_o the_o bill_n be_v short_a and_o narrow_a than_o that_o of_o the_o tuft_a duck_n thick_a at_o the_o head_n sharp_a towards_o the_o tip_n the_o extreme_a hook_n or_o nail_n be_v black_a and_o encompass_v by_o a_o broad_a yellow_a space_n very_o elegant_a to_o behold_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o bill_n black_a the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a or_o gold-colour_n the_o foot_n large_a situate_v backward_o of_o a_o yellowish_a red_a colour_n the_o web_n of_o the_o foot_n dusky_a the_o sole_n black_a i_o observe_v no_o labyrinth_n on_o the_o windpipe_n it_o have_v a_o small_a gallbladder_n of_o a_o oval_a figure_n in_o the_o craw_n we_o find_v a_o crabfish_n since_o the_o finish_n of_o the_o latin_a history_n we_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o this_o bird_n be_v no_o distinct_a kind_n but_o only_o the_o female_a goldeneye_n and_o true_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o body_n the_o make_v of_o the_o bill_n the_o length_n number_n of_o feather_n figure_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o fashion_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o other_o accident_n induce_v we_o to_o think_v so_o neither_o be_v there_o more_o difference_n in_o weight_n than_o be_v usual_a between_o different_a sex_n beside_o that_o this_o be_v a_o female_a the_o want_n of_o the_o labyrinth_n prove_v but_o in_o the_o next_o article_n i_o shall_v show_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_v whether_o of_o the_o goldeneye_n or_o not_o mr._n willughby_n also_o be_v suspicious_a that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o hen_n goldeneye_n §._o fourteen_o the_o great_a reddish-headed_n duck_n perchance_o the_o same_o with_o the_o last_o describe_v or_o the_o male_a thereof_o a_o anas_n schellent_fw-la dicta_fw-la gesnero_fw-la aldrov_n p._n 223._o it_o weigh_v twenty_o four_o ounce_n be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n eighteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n nineteen_o in_o breadth_n the_o wing_n be_v spread_v out_o thirty_o the_o bill_n two_o inch_n long_o yellow_a not_o only_o about_o the_o tip_n like_o the_o precedent_n but_o also_o of_o a_o fordo_v or_o dark_a yellow_a all_o along_o the_o middle_n beyond_o the_o nostril_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o bright_a lovely_a yellow_a the_o head_n of_o a_o fordo_v red_a the_o neck_n grey_a for_o that_o chestnut_n or_o red_a colour_n of_o the_o head_n extend_v not_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o throat_n the_o back_n and_o whole_a upper_a side_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o black_a the_o throat_n breast_n belly_n to_o the_o very_a tail_n white_a but_o at_o the_o vent_n be_v a_o cross_a bar_n of_o brown_a each_o wing_n have_v about_o twenty_o six_o quill_n of_o which_o the_o outmost_a ten_o be_v black_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o eleven_o white_a in_o the_o succeed_a the_o white_a increase_v till_o after_o three_o or_o four_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o twenty_o or_o twenty_o first_o have_v its_o exterior_a half_a white_a its_o interior_a black_a there_o be_v some_o variety_n in_o several_a bird_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o these_o feather_n the_o feather_n immediate_o above_o the_o white_a feather_n be_v also_o white_a beside_o in_o the_o lesser_a covert-feather_n be_v a_o great_a spot_n of_o white_a in_o some_o bird_n of_o grey_a in_o other_o the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o obscure_a fordo_v yellow_a but_o about_o the_o joint_n black_a the_o web_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v also_o black_a the_o leg_n be_v situate_a backward_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n feather_v down_o almost_o to_o the_o knee_n the_o shanks_n short_a but_o the_o foot_n large_a the_o inmost_a toe_n have_v a_o membrane_n border_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o the_o hind-toe_n have_v also_o its_o membrane_n annex_v the_o tail_n be_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o sixteen_o feather_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n i_o shall_v take_v this_o bird_n to_o be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o the_o precedent_n not_o only_o in_o species_n but_o in_o sex_n notwithstanding_o its_o difference_n in_o bigness_n be_v it_o not_o that_o it_o have_v a_o labyrinth_n on_o the_o windpipe_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v proper_a only_o to_o the_o male_n so_o that_o either_o this_o be_v the_o male_a of_o the_o precedent_n and_o both_o different_a in_o species_n from_o the_o goldeneye_n or_o which_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v this_o must_v be_v a_o young_a cock-golden-eye_n that_o have_v not_o moult_v its_o chicken-feather_n and_o the_o precedent_a a_o old_a hen-golden-eye_n and_o so_o these_o two_o suppose_a species_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o goldeneye_n they_o be_v all_o three_o the_o same_o §._o xv._n the_o shoveler_n anas_n platyrhynchos_fw-fr altera_fw-la sive_fw-la clypeata_fw-la germanis_fw-la dicta_fw-la taschenmul_fw-la 224._o aldrov_n anas_n latirostra_fw-la major_a gesner_n aldrov_n p._n 227._o breitschnabel_n germanis_fw-la it_o be_v something_o less_o than_o the_o common_a tame_a duck_n weigh_v twenty_o two_o ounce_n be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o one_o inch_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o coal-black_a much_o broad_a towards_o the_o tip_n than_o at_o the_o base_a excavate_v like_o a_o buckler_n of_o a_o round_a circumference_n at_o the_o end_n it_o have_v a_o small_a crooked_a hook_n or_o nail_n each_o mandible_a be_v pectinate_v or_o tooth_v like_o a_o comb_n with_o ray_n or_o thin_a plate_n insert_v mutual_o one_o into_o another_o when_o the_o mouth_n
be_v shut_v the_o tongue_n be_v fleshy_a thick_a broad_a especial_o towards_o the_o tip_n but_o the_o tip_n itself_o be_v thin_a and_o semicircular_a the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n the_o claw_n black_a the_o hind-toe_n little_a the_o membrane_n connect_v the_o toe_n serrate_v about_o the_o edge_n the_o foot_n be_v less_o than_o inother_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n almost_o halfway_n be_v of_o a_o fair_a blue_a in_o the_o bird_n which_o i_o describe_v at_o rome_n and_o in_o another_o which_o mr._n willughby_n see_v at_o crowland_n it_o be_v very_o blackish_a dark_a light_o tincture_v with_o a_o deep_a shine_a green_a the_o under-side_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o region_n of_o the_o craw_n be_v white_a the_o upper-side_n and_o shoulder_n particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o brown_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o the_o whole_a belly_n to_o the_o vent_n be_v red_a behind_o the_o vent_n the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a the_o back_n be_v brown_a with_o a_o light_a dash_n of_o a_o shine_a green_a blue_a or_o purple_a colour_n the_o feather_n cover_v the_o outside_n of_o the_o thigh_n be_v adorn_v with_o transverse_a dusky_a line_n as_o in_o many_o other_o the_o number_n of_o quill_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o four_o the_o ten_o or_o twelve_o outmost_a whereof_o be_v whole_o brown_a the_o next_o nine_o have_v their_o outer_a edge_n of_o a_o deep_a shine_a green_a the_o four_o next_o the_o body_n be_v vary_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o about_o their_o edge_n with_o white_a line_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n incumbent_a on_o the_o green_a quil-feather_n have_v white_a tip_n which_o together_o take_v make_v a_o cross_a line_n of_o white_a in_o the_o wing_n the_o lesser_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n except_v those_o on_o the_o outmost_a bone_n be_v of_o a_o pleasant_a pale_a blue_a incline_v to_o ash-colour_n the_o tail_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a consist_v of_o fourteen_o feather_n particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o black_a the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v whole_o white_a the_o middlemost_a except_o the_o extreme_a white_a edge_n whole_o black_a the_o rest_n black_a in_o their_o middle_a part_n white_a about_o the_o border_n or_o outside_n at_o the_o divarication_n of_o the_o windpipe_n it_o have_v a_o small_a labyrinth_n a_o large_a gall_n oblong_a testicle_n a_o small_a musculous_a stomach_n or_o gizzard_n gut_n many_o time_n reflect_v very_o long_o the_o female_a in_o respect_n of_o colour_n both_o in_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n and_o also_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n upper-side_n and_o under-side_n except_v only_o the_o wing_n be_v very_o like_a to_o a_o wild_a duck._n the_o wing_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o male_a but_o more_o dull_a and_o not_o so_o bright_a and_o pleasant_a the_o fowler_n affirm_v that_o these_o bird_n change_v their_o colour_n in_o winter_n gesner_n and_o aldrovand_n set_v forth_o this_o kind_n twice_o or_o thrice_o under_o several_a title_n it_o be_v sufficient_o characterise_v and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n by_o the_o breadth_n and_o bigness_n of_o its_o bill_n §._o xvi_o erythropus_fw-la the_o broad-billed_a red-footed_n duck_n of_o aldrovand_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o hen-shovele_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n whole_o be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_a the_o bill_n be_v almost_o three_o inch_n long_o very_o broad_a and_o recurvum_fw-la turn_v up_o after_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o buckler_n of_o a_o dark_a chestnut_n colour_n yet_o the_o low_a mandible_a which_o almost_o enter_v the_o upper_a be_v receive_v into_o it_o be_v in_o some_o place_n of_o a_o spadiceous_a colour_n and_o have_v a_o remarkable_a strike_v run_v through_o its_o middle_a long-way_n the_o bill_n have_v such_o tooth_n on_o both_o side_n as_o gesner_n attribute_n to_o his_o muscariae_fw-la muggent_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o feather_n almost_o the_o whole_a body_n over_o come_v near_o to_o that_o of_o pulveratricious_a bird_n partridge_n and_o quail_n etc._n etc._n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v testaceous_a or_o potsherd_a colour_n their_a pot_n be_v pale_a than_o we_o now_o adays_o the_o whole_a head_n and_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o coloris_fw-la weasel_n colour_n sprinkle_v with_o great_a and_o lesser_a spot_n partly_o white_a and_o those_o very_a small_a and_o scarce_o conspicuous_a partly_o brown_a and_o those_o most_o in_o the_o crown_n and_o hinder_v part_n of_o the_o head_n the_o neck_n underneath_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a whitish_a cinereous_a colour_n with_o semilunar_a brown_a spot_n the_o same_o spot_n but_o great_a be_v disperse_v over_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o back_n the_o breast_n the_o belly_n the_o rump_n and_o the_o tail_n all_o which_o part_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o head_n or_o yellowish_a the_o middle_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_o be_v cover_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o dark_a spadiceous_a colour_n only_o white_a about_o the_o outmost_a edge_n the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o woad_n colour_n a_o line_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n cross_v the_o middle_a of_o the_o wing_n above_o which_o be_v likewise_o see_v a_o transverse_a white_a line_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a spadiceous_a colour_n §._o xvii_o *_o a_o broad-billed_a duck_n with_o yellow_a foot_n of_o aldrovand_n it_o differ_v little_a from_o the_o precedent_n in_o magnitude_n unless_o perchance_o it_o be_v somewhat_o big_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v partly_o brown_a partly_o yellowish_a over_o the_o whole_a body_n which_o be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a ash-colour_n be_v brown_a spot_n disseminated_a thick-set_a and_o little_a in_o the_o head_n great_a and_o thin_a or_o more_o scatter_v in_o the_o neck_n breast_n belly_n rump_n and_o tail_n but_o much_o great_a yet_o and_o thick_a in_o the_o whole_a back_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o middle_a part_n be_v brown_a a_o white_a line_n cross_v they_o in_o the_o middle_n after_o which_o be_v see_v a_o cornered_a square_a blue_a spot_n three_o angle_n whereof_o end_n in_o a_o black_a line_n to_o this_o succeed_v a_o white_a line_n its_o leg_n be_v yellow_a its_o toe_n also_o yellow_a but_o connect_v by_o dusky_a membrane_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v some_o hen-bird_n of_o the_o duck-kind_n not_o hitherto_o observe_v by_o we_o chap._n iii_o pond-duck_n frequent_v chief_o fresh_a water_n §._o i._o the_o common_a wild_a duck_n and_o mallard_n boscas_n major_a anas_n torquata_fw-la minor_fw-la 212._o aldrov_n it_o weigh_v from_o thirty_o six_o to_o forty_o ounce_n be_v about_o twenty_o three_o inch_n long_o measure_v from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o reach_v thirty_o five_o inch_n the_o bill_n be_v of_o a_o greenish_a yellow_a from_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n produce_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o about_o a_o inch_n breadth_n not_o very_o flat_a the_o upper_a mandible_a have_v at_o the_o end_n a_o round_a tip_n or_o nail_n such_o as_o be_v see_v in_o most_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o low_a eyelid_n be_v white_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o saffron-colour_n the_o claw_n brown_a but_o that_o of_o the_o back-toe_n almost_o white_a the_o inmost_a fore-toe_n be_v the_o least_o the_o membrane_n connect_v the_o toe_n be_v of_o a_o more_o sordid_a colour_n than_o the_o toe_n the_o windpipe_n at_o its_o divarication_n have_v a_o vessel_n we_o call_v a_o labyrinth_n the_o leg_n be_v feather_v down_o to_o the_o knee_n in_o the_o mallard_n the_o head_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o delicate_a shine_a green_a then_o follow_v a_o ring_n of_o white_a which_o yet_o fail_v of_o be_v a_o entire_a circle_n not_o come_v round_o behind_o from_o the_o white_a ring_n the_o throat_n be_v of_o a_o chestnut_n colour_n down_o to_o the_o breast_n the_o breast_n itself_o and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o white_a ash-colour_n bedew_v or_o sprinkle_v with_o innumerable_a dark_a speck_n as_o it_o be_v small_a drop_n under_o the_o tail_n the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n from_o cinereous_a be_v red_a sprinkle_v in_o like_a manner_n with_o spot_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n between_o the_o wing_n be_v red_a the_o low_a part_n black_a and_o still_o deep_o on_o the_o rump_n with_o a_o gloss_n of_o purple_a theside_v under_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o long_a feather_n on_o the_o thigh_n be_v adorn_v with_o transverse_a brown_a line_n make_v a_o very_a fair_a show_n in_o they_o the_o white_a colour_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o mixture_n of_o blue_a the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n be_v red_a the_o long_a scapular_a feather_n be_v silver-coloured_n elegant_o
it_o be_v head_n be_v slender_a its_o neck_n long_o for_o this_o kind_n its_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o equal_a breadth_n almost_o throughout_o the_o nether_a mandible_a whole_o black_a the_o upper_a partly_o blue_a partly_o black_a viz._n black_a in_o the_o middle_n on_o the_o side_n beneath_o the_o nostril_n blue_a black_a also_o at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n at_o the_o very_a tip_n and_o in_o the_o low_a edge_n near_o the_o tip_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o plumage_n on_o the_o whole_a head_n be_v ferrugineous_a or_o brown_a behind_o the_o ear_n tincture_v with_o a_o light_n purple_a beyond_o the_o ear_n on_o each_o side_n from_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n begin_v a_o line_n of_o white_a which_o pass_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o throat_n all_o the_o feather_n between_o or_o adjacent_a to_o these_o line_n be_v black_a under_o the_o black_a the_o neck_n be_v ash-coloured_a then_o curious_o vary_v with_o transverse_a black_a and_o white_a line_n as_o be_v also_o almost_o the_o whole_a back_o the_o long_a scapular_a feather_n be_v black_a in_o their_o middle_a part_n but_o the_o exterior_a have_v their_o outer_a web_n almost_o to_o the_o shaft_n black_a their_o inner_a which_o be_v much_o the_o narrow_a vary_v with_o white_a and_o black_a brown_a line_n all_o the_o nether_a part_n neck_n breast_n belly_n to_o the_o very_a vent_n be_v white_a yet_o in_o the_o low_a belly_n the_o white_a be_v a_o little_a darken_a with_o a_o mixtue_n of_o cinereous_a the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a as_o for_o the_o wing_n the_o ten_o outmost_a quill_n and_o most_o of_o the_o covert-feather_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a in_o some_o bird_n the_o interior_a edge_n of_o the_o seven_o eight_o nine_o and_o ten_o quill_n be_v white_a the_o second_o decad_n of_o quill_n be_v particoloured_a for_o the_o tip_n of_o all_o be_v white_a or_o from_o 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two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a beyond_o the_o rest_n whence_o also_o this_o bird_n be_v in_o some_o place_n of_o england_n call_v the_o sea-pheasant_n its_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o lead-colour_n dark_a about_o the_o joint_n it_o have_v a_o small_a labyrinth_n and_o a_o great_a gall._n the_o hen_n be_v like_a in_o colour_n to_o the_o common_a wild-duck_n but_o fair_a and_o variegated_a with_o more_o full_a and_o lively_a white_a and_o brown_a colour_n the_o wing-feather_n agree_v in_o colour_n with_o those_o of_o the_o cock_n save_v that_o they_o be_v dull_a and_o less_o lively_a the_o belly_n be_v red_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o single_a feather_n be_v black_a the_o chin_n be_v white_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o red_a the_o back_n of_o a_o dark_a brown_a with_o transverse_a line_n and_o bed_n of_o a_o pale_a red_a the_o breast_n of_o a_o sordid_a white_a and_o the_o belly_n yet_o dark_a this_o bird_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o of_o the_o duck-kind_n by_o the_o length_n of_o the_o middle_a feather_n of_o its_o tail_n as_o by_o certain_a and_o characteristic_a note_n §._o vi_o the_o teal_n querquedula_fw-la secunda_fw-la aldrov_n p._n 209._o this_o next_o to_o the_o summer-teal_n be_v the_o least_o in_o the_o duck-kind_n weigh_v only_o twelve_o ounce_n extend_v in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n fifteen_o inch_n in_o breadth_n measure_v between_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v twenty_o four_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v broad_a black_a at_o the_o end_n something_o reflect_v upward_o the_o eye_n from_o white_a incline_v to_o hazel-coloured_n the_o nostril_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n throat_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o dark_a bay_n or_o spadiceous_a colour_n from_o the_o eye_n on_o each_o side_n to_o the_o back_n of_o the_o head_n be_v extend_v a_o line_n of_o a_o dark_a shine_v green_a between_o these_o line_n on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o head_n a_o black_a spot_n intervene_v under_o the_o eye_n a_o white_a line_n separate_v the_o black_a from_o the_o red_a the_o feather_n invest_v the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o back_n and_o the_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n be_v curious_o vary_v with_o transverse_n wave_v line_n of_o white_a and_o black_a the_o region_n of_o the_o craw_n in_o some_o be_v yellowish_a elegant_o spot_v with_o black_a spot_n so_o situate_a as_o somewhat_o to_o resemble_v scale_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o sordid_a white_a or_o grey_a colour_n under_o the_o rump_n be_v a_o black_a spot_n encompass_v with_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n each_o wing_n have_v above_o twenty_o five_o quill_n of_o these_o the_o outmost_a ten_o be_v brown_a the_o next_o five_o have_v white_a tip_n under_o the_o white_a the_o exterior_a web_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a in_o the_o sixteen_o begin_v the_o green_a and_o take_v up_o so_o much_o of_o the_o feather_n as_o we_o say_v be_v black_a in_o the_o precedent_n three_o the_o exterior_a web_n of_o the_o twenty_o third_n be_v black_a with_o some_o yellowness_n on_o the_o edge_n the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o black_a quill_n have_v white_a tip_n of_o the_o green_a one_o have_v tip_n of_o a_o red_a yellow_a else_o the_o wing_n be_v all_o over_o brown_a dusky_a the_o tail_n be_v sharp-pointed_a three_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o sixteen_o feather_n of_o a_o brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a dusky_a colour_n the_o membrane_n connect_v the_o toe_n black_a the_o inmost_a toe_n the_o least_o the_o back-toe_n have_v no_o fin_n annex_v the_o windpipe_n in_o the_o cock_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o labyrinth_n in_o the_o hen_n we_o find_v none_o the_o female_a differ_v from_o its_o male_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o as_o the_o wild_a duck_n do_v from_o the_o mallard_n have_v neither_o red_a nor_o green_a on_o the_o head_n nor_o black_a about_o its_o rump_n nor_o those_o sine_fw-la feather_n variegated_a with_o white_a and_o black_a line_n on_o the_o back_n and_o side_n this_o bird_n for_o the_o delicate_a taste_n of_o its_o flesh_n and_o the_o wholesome_a nourishment_n it_o afford_v the_o body_n do_v deserve_o challenge_v the_o first_o place_n among_o those_o of_o its_o kind_n §._o vii_o the_o garganey_n querquedula_fw-la prima_fw-la aldrov_n t._n 3._o p._n 209._o kernel_n at_o strasburgh_n in_o bigness_n it_o something_o exceed_v the_o common_a teal_n yet_o that_o mr._n willughby_n describe_v weigh_v no_o more_o than_o the_o common_a teal_n viz._n twelve_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o bill_n to_o claw_n be_v seventeen_o inch_n its_o breadth_n from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n extend_v twenty_o eight_o for_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o body_n it_o be_v very_o like_a to_o the_o common_a teal_n its_o bill_n also_o black_a its_o leg_n and_o foot_n livid_v with_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o green_a mr._n willughby_n have_v it_o from_o dusky_a 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between_o the_o wing_n be_v something_o crooked_a and_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o nail_n claw_n the_o feather_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v high_o esteem_v among_o the_o indian_n and_o prefer_v even_o before_o gold_n itself_o the_o long_a one_o for_o crest_n and_o other_o ornament_n both_o of_o the_o head_n and_o whole_a body_n both_o for_o war_n and_o peace_n but_o the_o rest_n for_o set_v in_o feather-work_n and_o compose_v the_o figure_n of_o saint_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o be_v so_o skilful_a in_o do_v as_o not_o to_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o most_o artificial_a picture_n draw_v in_o colour_n for_o this_o purpose_n they_o also_o make_v use_n of_o and_o mingle_v and_o weave_v in_o together_o with_o these_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o hum_a bird_n these_o bird_n live_v in_o the_o province_n of_o tecolotlan_n beyond_o quauhtemallam_n towards_o honduras_n where_o great_a care_n be_v take_v that_o no_o man_n kill_v they_o only_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o pluck_v off_o 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the_o hern_n or_o do_v give_v she_o over_o than_o never_o fly_v your_o falcon_n again_o at_o a_o hern_n unless_o with_o a_o make-hawk_n well_o enter_v for_o the_o coward_n by_o this_o mean_n see_v another_o fly_n at_o the_o hern_n and_o bind_v with_o she_o take_v fresh_a courage_n and_o if_o they_o kill_v the_o hern_n fly_v both_o together_o then_o must_v you_o reward_v they_o together_o while_o the_o quarry_n be_v hot_a make_v for_o they_o a_o soppa_n as_o aforesaid_a this_o be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o make_v they_o both_o bold_a and_o perfect_a herner_n §._o xv._n of_o mew_v of_o hawk_n falcon_n may_v be_v fly_v with_o till_o st._n george_n day_n then_o they_o must_v be_v set_v down_o and_o be_v sure_a to_o search_v they_o for_o louse_n and_o if_o they_o have_v any_o pepper_n they_o well_o scour_v they_o also_o before_o you_o cast_v they_o into_o the_o mew_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o mew_a 1._o at_o the_o stock_n or_o stone_n 2._o loose_v or_o at_o large_a 1._o for_o the_o 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their_o number_n §._o ii_o how_o to_o take_v partridge_n with_o net_n these_o net_n may_v be_v make_v in_o all_o point_n like_o the_o 3._o phesant-net_n only_o the_o mash_n somewhat_o small_a but_o they_o will_v be_v much_o better_a be_v they_o something_o long_o and_o broad_a have_v find_v the_o covey_n draw_v forth_o your_o net_n and_o take_v a_o large_a circumference_n about_o they_o walk_v a_o good_a round_a pace_n with_o a_o careless_a eye_n rather_o from_o than_o towards_o the_o partridge_n till_o you_o have_v fit_v your_o net_n and_o then_o draw_v in_o your_o circumference_n less_o and_o less_o till_o you_o come_v within_o the_o length_n of_o your_o net_n where_o as_o you_o walk_v about_o for_o no_o stop_n or_o stay_v must_v be_v make_v prick_v down_o a_o stick_n of_o about_o three_o foot_n long_o and_o to_o it_o fasten_v one_o end_n of_o the_o line_n of_o your_o net_n then_o let_v the_o net_n slip_v out_o of_o your_o hand_n spread_v it_o as_o you_o go_v and_o so_o carry_v it_o and_o lay_v it_o all_o over_o the_o partridge_n if_o they_o lie_v straggle_v that_o one_o net_n will_v not_o cover_v they_o draw_v out_o another_o and_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n and_o alike_o with_o a_o three_o if_o needs_o be_v then_o rush_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o with_o a_o affright_a voice_n force_v they_o to_o spring_v up_o and_o present_o they_o will_v be_v entangle_v in_o the_o net_n §._o iii_o 3._o how_o to_o take_v partridge_n with_o lime_n take_v of_o the_o large_a and_o strong_a wheat-straw_n or_o for_o want_v thereof_o rie-straw_n and_o cut_v they_o off_o between_o knot_n and_o knot_n the_o low_a joint_n be_v the_o strong_a and_o best_a lime_n they_o well_o over_o and_o come_v to_o the_o partridge-haunts_a after_o have_v call_v a_o little_a and_o find_v that_o you_o be_v answer_v prick_v down_o your_o straw_n round_o about_o you_o in_o row_n as_o above_o direct_v for_o lime-twig_n not_o only_o cross_v the_o land_n but_o the_o furrow_n also_o take_v in_o at_o least_o two_o or_o three_o land_n and_o that_o not_o very_o near_o but_o at_o a_o pretty_a distance_n from_o you_o yet_o so_o as_o to_o discern_v when_o any_o thing_n touch_v they_o then_o lie_v close_o and_o call_v again_o not_o cease_v till_o you_o have_v draw_v they_o towards_o you_o whither_o they_o can_v come_v but_o they_o must_v pass_v through_o the_o lime_a straw_n which_o they_o shall_v no_o soon_o touch_v but_o they_o will_v be_v entangle_v and_o by_o reason_n they_o come_v flock_v together_o like_o so_o many_o chicken_n they_o will_v be_v so_o besmear_v and_o dawb_v one_o another_o that_o if_o there_o be_v twenty_o hardly_o one_o will_v escape_v this_o way_n of_o take_v partridge_n can_v only_o be_v use_v in_o stubble-field_n and_o that_o from_o august_n to_o christmas_n if_o you_o will_v take_v they_o in_o wood_n pasture_n or_o meadow_n with_o lime_n you_o must_v use_v the_o ordinary_a lime-rod_n before_o describe_v and_o prick_v they_o down_o and_o order_v they_o in_o all_o point_n like_v as_o be_v direct_v for_o your_o lime-straw_n §._o iv._o how_o to_o drive_v partridge_n and_o quail_n and_o take_v they_o in_o tunnel_a net_n first_o provide_v you_o a_o stalk_a horse_n or_o a_o engine_n make_v like_o a_o horse_n or_o ox_n such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v sect._n 1_o chap._n 4._o then_o go_v with_o your_o net_n to_o the_o partridge_n haunt_v and_o have_v find_v the_o covey_n pitch_v your_o net_n in_o the_o secret_a and_o likely_a place_n so_o as_o to_o drive_v they_o down_o the_o wind_n lay_v not_o your_o net_n flat_a on_o the_o ground_n but_o set_v it_o slopewise_o and_o so_o overshadow_v it_o with_o bough_n shrub_n weed_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n that_o grow_v natural_o on_o the_o ground_n it_o stand_v on_o that_o nothing_o may_v perceive_v it_o till_o it_o be_v entangle_v then_o have_v cover_v your_o face_n with_o some_o hood_n of_o green_a or_o dark_a blue_a stuff_n stalk_v with_o your_o horse_n or_o engine_n towards_o the_o bird_n by_o gentle_a and_o slow_a step_n and_o so_o raise_v they_o and_o drive_v they_o before_o you_o for_o it_o be_v their_o nature_n to_o run_v before_o a_o horse_n or_o beast_n out_o of_o fear_n lest_o it_o tread_v on_o they_o if_o they_o chance_v to_o run_v any_o by-way_n or_o contrary_a to_o what_o you_o will_v have_v they_o then_o present_o cross_v they_o with_o your_o stalk_a horse_n and_o they_o will_v soon_o recoil_v and_o run_v into_o any_o tract_n that_o you_o will_v have_v they_o and_o at_o last_o into_o your_o net_n the_o net_n they_o use_v in_o italy_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v call_v butrio_n or_o cuculo_n and_o make_v with_o two_o wing_n and_o a_o tunnel_n stretch_v with_o hoop_n see_v figure_n
one_o and_o the_o same_o bird._n neither_o do_v i_o much_o matter_n the_o description_n of_o the_o ancient_n who_o in_o deliver_v the_o note_n of_o animal_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v less_o curious_a and_o exact_a but_o whatever_o the_o ancient_n call_v the_o sea-eagle_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o title_n of_o sea-eagle_n may_v be_v very_o fit_o attribute_v to_o this_o bird._n for_o if_o we_o admit_v the_o bald_a buzzard_n for_o the_o sea-eagle_n which_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n agree_v better_a to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o ancient_n we_o take_v away_o all_o note_n of_o distinction_n between_o eagle_n and_o hawk_n which_o as_o we_o say_v before_o consist_v only_o in_o difference_n of_o magnitude_n the_o ossifrage_n then_o or_o sea-eagle_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o aldrovandus_n from_o the_o point_n ossifrage_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o train_n or_o talon_n for_o the_o end_n of_o both_o when_o extend_v be_v coincident_a it_o be_v three_o foot_n and_o four_o inch_n long_o from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o nine_o span_n broad_a it_o weigh_v eleven_o pound_n the_o bill_n be_v beak_n very_o hook_v so_o that_o the_o hook_a part_n alone_o be_v a_o inch_n long_o the_o whole_a two_o inch_n broad_a and_o a_o hand-breadth_n long_o of_o a_o blackish_a or_o dusky_a horn_n colour_n somewhat_o approach_v to_o a_o dark_a blue_a the_o tongue_n be_v very_o like_a to_o a_o man_n with_o a_o broad_a top_n and_o tongue_n hook_a hard_a and_o horny_a appendix_n on_o both_o side_n tie_v down_o to_o the_o low_a mandible_a by_o a_o thin_a membrane_n where_o it_o regard_v the_o chin_n a_o horny_a membrane_n compass_n the_o end_n or_o tip_v of_o it_o the_o low_a mandible_a be_v hollow_v like_o a_o channel_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o side_n of_o it_o the_o edge_n or_o border_n of_o which_o channel_n enter_v the_o palate_n on_o both_o side_n and_o be_v enclose_v within_o its_o edge_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o palate_n be_v a_o chink_n by_o which_o a_o palate_n pituitous_a humour_n distil_v from_o the_o head_n the_o head_n and_o all_o the_o neck_n be_v clothe_v with_o neck_n long_a narrow_a and_o rigid_a feather_n from_o the_o chin_n hang_v down_o small_a feather_n like_o hair_n imitate_v a_o beard_n whence_o perchance_o by_o pliny_n and_o also_o bellonius_fw-la it_o be_v denominate_v the_o beard_a eagle_n and_o i_o from_o that_o note_n chief_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v call_v harp_n by_o oppian_n beard_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n single_o be_v particoloured_a and_o that_o with_o three_o train_n colour_n whitish_a duskish_a and_o ferrugineous_a the_o flag-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v almost_o whole_o black_a something_o tend_v to_o chesnut_n the_o twelve_o feather_n of_o the_o train_n have_v little_a or_o nothing_o of_o red_a but_o be_v only_o spot_v with_o black_a and_o white_a viz._n whitish_a on_o the_o outside_n dusky_a on_o the_o inner_a the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v besprinkle_v promiscuous_o with_o white_a spot_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n dusky_a the_o end_n or_o tip_n of_o all_o be_v black_a the_o feather_n grow_v on_o the_o rump_n which_o immediate_o cover_v these_o be_v almost_o whole_o white_a sprinkle_v with_o a_o little_a black_a save_v that_o their_o tip_n be_v black_a their_o leg_n leg_n be_v almost_o whole_o cover_v with_o dusky_a feather_n somewhat_o incline_v to_o fulvous_a so_o that_o there_o be_v only_o two_o inch_n to_o the_o foot_n remain_v bare_a beside_o the_o feather_n the_o whole_a body_n underneath_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o white_a and_o soft_a down_o as_o it_o be_v a_o delicate_a down_o fleece_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o swan_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n which_o as_o we_o say_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o inch_n be_v destitute_a of_o feather_n and_o the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a the_o toe_n extend_v be_v a_o full_a span_n the_o length_n of_o the_o middlemost_a talon_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o palm_n the_o talon_n be_v very_o black_a in_o so_o much_o that_o they_o shine_v again_o and_o so_o hook_a that_o they_o do_v exact_o represent_v a_o semicircle_n they_o observe_v this_o proportion_n one_o to_o another_o the_o hindmost_a be_v the_o big_a be_v two_o inch_n long_o the_o first_o of_o the_o fore_o one_o lesser_a than_o it_o but_o big_a than_o the_o middlemost_a and_o the_o last_o the_o least_o of_o all_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o talon_n be_v inward_o white_a and_o bony_a cover_v over_o outward_o with_o a_o dusky_a bark_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cover_v with_o round_a scale_n of_o unequal_a bigness_n but_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o leg_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o toe_n have_v semicircular_a table_n like_o the_o sea-eagle_n chrysaeto_n clusius_n send_v to_o aldrovandus_n the_o picture_n of_o this_o bird_n draw_v in_o colour_n to_o the_o life_n by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o sea-eagle_n write_v thereof_o in_o this_o manner_n this_o haliaeetus_n which_o our_o countryman_n live_v in_o the_o sea-coast_n call_v zee_n be_v that_o be_v sea-eagle_n be_v shoot_v the_o last_o winter_n etc._n etc._n that_o this_o eagle_n feed_v only_o on_o fish_n i_o myself_o can_v witness_v for_o in_o the_o stomach_n thereof_o dissect_v we_o find_v nothing_o but_o fish_n some_o remain_v yet_o entire_a some_o half_a consume_v etc._n etc._n that_o this_o bird_n be_v the_o same_o which_o our_o seaman_n and_o fowler_n call_v the_o osprey_n and_o affirm_v osprey_n to_o have_v one_o flat_a or_o webbed_a foot_n to_o swim_v withal_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o goose_n or_o other_o waterfowl_n the_o other_o be_v divide_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o bird_n of_o prey_n i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o doubt_n but_o what_o be_v report_v concern_v the_o foot_n be_v most_o certain_o false_a and_o fabulous_a although_o by_o some_o affirm_v it_o with_o great_a confidence_n even_o the_o best_a naturalist_n cleave_v have_v be_v deceive_v among_o the_o rest_n aldrovandus_n himself_o not_o dare_v rash_o to_o contradict_v albertus_n magnus_n english_a man_n and_o burgundian_n eye-witness_n for_o say_v he_o the_o native_n of_o each_o country_n be_v most_o likely_a best_o to_o know_v what_o thing_n be_v peculiar_a to_o their_o own_o country_n either_o by_o land_n or_o sea_n well_o i_o myself_o be_o a_o english_a man_n yet_o have_v i_o never_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o credible_a person_n who_o will_v affirm_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o this_o matter_n although_o the_o vulgar_a be_v so_o confident_o persuade_v of_o it_o that_o scarce_o any_o body_n doubt_v its_o truth_n what_o give_v the_o first_o occasion_n and_o rise_v to_o this_o error_n be_v i_o suppose_v a_o presumption_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o such_o a_o structure_n of_o the_o foot_n for_o whereas_o the_o mariner_n and_o fisherman_n do_v see_v and_o observe_v this_o bird_n much_o to_o frequent_v the_o sea_n and_o great_a lake_n of_o water_n and_o to_o prey_n upon_o fish_n yea_o sometime_o to_o fly_v forth_o very_o far_o from_o land_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v often_o see_v out_o at_o sea_n a_o hundred_o league_n distant_a from_o shore_n fly_v up_o and_o down_o over_o the_o water_n and_o intent_n upon_o fish_v they_o imagine_v it_o altogether_o necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v furnish_v with_o one_o flat_a foot_n for_o swim_v and_o another_o cleave_v for_o strike_v catch_a and_o carry_v away_o of_o fish_n it_o be_v one_o will_v think_v impossible_a that_o a_o bird_n shall_v abide_v upon_o the_o wing_n so_o long_o without_o rest_n but_o that_o even_o small_a bird_n short-winged_n and_o less_o fit_a by_o far_o for_o flight_n than_o eagle_n will_v venture_v to_o fly_v over_o wide_a sea_n be_v evident_a in_o those_o we_o call_v bird_n of_o passage_n and_o who_o know_v but_o where_o those_o fowl_n be_v usual_o see_v there_o may_v be_v some_o rock_n in_o the_o sea_n not_o far_o off_o on_o which_o they_o may_v rest_v themselves_o but_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n this_o conceit_n be_v first_o start_v it_o be_v ready_o entertain_v and_o without_o examination_n greedy_o believe_v not_o less_o fabulous_a be_v that_o which_o be_v report_v of_o the_o oil_n or_o fat_a which_o this_o bird_n have_v in_o osprey_n her_o rump_n and_o which_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n she_o let_v fall_v drop_n by_o drop_n into_o the_o water_n by_o the_o force_n whereof_o the_o fish_n be_v stupefy_v and_o as_o it_o be_v planet-strucken_a become_v destitute_a of_o all_o motion_n and_o so_o suffer_v themselves_o without_o difficulty_n to_o be_v take_v though_o some_o be_v so_o vain_a as_o to_o put_v oil_n of_o osprey_n into_o their_o receipt_n or_o prescription_n for_o take_v fish_n by_o the_o smell_n whereof_o the_o fish_n be_v allure_v rather_o than_o stupefy_v by_o
almost_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o number_n of_o flag-feather_n feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o four_o these_o be_v black_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o outmost_a be_v above_o a_o hand-breadth_n short_a than_o that_o next_o to_o it_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v particoloured_a brown_a and_o fulvous_a the_o tail_n be_v train_n about_o nine_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o equal_a length_n when_o it_o be_v spread_v terminate_v in_o a_o circular_a circumference_n be_v particoloured_a of_o a_o dark_a and_o light_a fulvous_n or_o bay_n the_o leg_n be_v about_o a_o hand-breadth_n long_o feather_v down_o a_o little_a below_o leg_n the_o knee_n long_o and_o slendere_a for_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bird_n than_o in_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellow_a the_o talon_n black_a the_o outer_a toe_n in_o join_v to_o talon_n the_o middle_n by_o a_o intermediate_v membrane_n reach_v from_o the_o divarication_n up_o almost_o half_a way_n the_o talon_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n be_v thin_v on_o the_o inner_a side_n into_o a_o edge_n the_o gall_n be_v large_a the_o blind_a gut_n short_a and_o small_a the_o stomach_n membranous_a in_o entrail_n that_o we_o dissect_v full_a of_o the_o limb_n of_o bird_n and_o other_o flesh_n the_o bird_n here_o describe_v we_o suppose_v to_o be_v that_o call_v in_o england_n the_o more-buzzard_n describe_v common_a to_o be_v see_v in_o heath_n and_o waste_v sit_v upon_o small_a tree_n and_o shrub_n with_o long_o slender_a yellow_a leg_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o dark_a colour_n the_o interior_a remiges_fw-la be_v pale_a or_o whitish_a and_o which_o be_v say_v to_o build_v in_o fenny_a place_n i_o take_v this_o bird_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o bellonius_fw-la describe_v under_o the_o title_n of_o circus_n as_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o one_o that_o shall_v compare_v the_o description_n although_o aldrovandus_n make_v they_o to_o be_v distinct_a species_n treat_v of_o they_o in_o several_a chapter_n this_o bird_n be_v sufficient_o characterise_v by_o its_o uniform_a brown-bay_a or_o ferrugineous_a colour_n all_o the_o body_n over_o §._o vii_o *_o the_o brasilian_n kite_n call_v caracara_n and_o by_o the_o portuguese_n gaviaon_n marggrav_fw-mi it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sparrow-hawk_n nisus_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o kite_n have_v a_o tail_n nine_o inch_n long_o the_o length_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v fourteen_o inch_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o reach_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a plumage_n be_v tawny_a with_o white_a and_o yellow_a speck_n the_o tail_n be_v particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o brown_a it_o have_v a_o hawk_n head_n a_o hook_a bill_n of_o a_o moderate_a bigness_n and_o black_a colour_n it_o have_v yellow_a leg_n hawk_n foot_n semicircular_a long_a sharp_a black_a talon_n it_o be_v very_o noisome_a to_o hen_n i_o have_v say_v he_o another_o of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n and_o colour_n with_o the_o precedent_n save_v that_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o eye_n of_o a_o gold_n colour_n and_o the_o skin_n about_o they_o yellow_a the_o leg_n yellow_a for_o the_o bigness_n colour_n and_o prey_v upon_o poultry_n we_o have_v subjoin_v this_o to_o the_o kite_n notwithstanding_o marggravius_n make_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o nisus_n or_o sparrow-hawk_n chap._n ix_o of_o long-winged_n hawk_n use_v to_o be_v reclaim_v for_o fowl_v §._o i._o kind_n of_o the_o peregrine_n falcon._n mr._n willughby_n have_v leave_v no_o description_n of_o a_o falcon_n and_o it_o have_v not_o be_v our_o hap_n since_o his_o decease_n to_o see_v any_o hawk_n of_o that_o kind_n lest_o the_o ornithology_n we_o set_v out_o shall_v be_v defective_a and_o imperfect_a in_o this_o particular_a we_o have_v borrow_v of_o aldrovandus_n the_o description_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o falcon_n without_o omit_v any_o we_o be_v not_o a_o little_a trouble_v that_o we_o can_v give_v any_o light_n to_o this_o kind_n genus_fw-la for_o we_o vehement_o suspect_v that_o species_n be_v here_o multiply_v without_o necessity_n aldrovandus_n assign_v the_o first_o place_n to_o the_o peregrine_n falcon_n for_o its_o courage_n and_o generosity_n it_o take_v its_o name_n either_o from_o pass_v out_o of_o one_o country_n into_o another_o or_o because_o it_o be_v not_o know_v where_o it_o build_v its_o nest_n have_v not_o be_v any_o where_o find_v of_o name_n this_o kind_n belisarius_n make_v two_o species_n carcanui_n four_o the_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o the_o colour_n a_o peregrine_n falcon_n every_o way_n complete_a must_v have_v these_o mark_n broad_a and_o thick_a shoulder_n long_a wing_n reach_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o train_n the_o train_n long_o narrow_a train_n by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o sharp_a towards_o the_o end_n like_o a_o sparrow-hawk_n make_v up_o of_o large_a thick_a round_a feather_n the_o tip_n not_o altogether_o white_a the_o shaft_n run_v along_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o a_o lovely_a red_a the_o foot_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o those_o foot_n of_o a_o bittour_n viz._n of_o a_o pale_a green_a or_o between_o a_o yellow_a and_o lead-colour_n the_o toe_n talon_n slender_a the_o talon_n large_a black_a and_o very_o sharp_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o beak_n the_o same_o the_o thigh_n long_o but_o the_o leg_n short_a the_o beak_n thick_a the_o mouth_n wide_a head_n the_o nares_n large_a and_o open_a the_o eyebrow_n high_a and_o great_a the_o eye_n great_a and_o deep_o sink_v the_o head_n arch_v the_o crown_n be_v gentle_o elevate_v and_o round_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o can_v fly_v it_o shall_v show_v certain_a little_a bristly_a feather_n stand_v out_o as_o it_o be_v a_o beard_n let_v the_o neck_n be_v long_o the_o breast_n broad_a and_o about_o the_o shoulderblade_n where_o it_o breast_n join_v to_o the_o neck_n somewhat_o round_o sit_v upon_o the_o fist_n it_o must_v bend_v its_o body_n a_o little_a backward_o be_v brisk_a mordacious_a and_o greedy_a let_v its_o eyebrow_n and_o cheek_n brow_n be_v white_a with_o a_o little_a mixture_n or_o dash_n of_o red_a the_o eye_n black_a encompass_v with_o a_o head_n circle_n or_o iris_n that_o be_v sometime_o blue_a the_o head_n ash-coloured_a like_o that_o of_o a_o sacre_n the_o back_n of_o somewhat_o a_o livid_n colour_n almost_o like_o that_o of_o a_o goose_n cover_v with_o back_o round_a and_o broad_a feather_n the_o mark_n of_o the_o wing_n agree_v to_o the_o second_o peregrine_n falcon_n of_o belisarius_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v of_o a_o copper_n aeneo_fw-la colour_n for_o the_o first_o kind_n which_o he_o say_v be_v black_a have_v neither_o a_o ash-coloured_a crown_n nor_o a_o yellow_a and_o have_v its_o throat_n spot_v with_o long_a direct_a black_a line_n and_o its_o thigh_n mark_v with_o transverse_a one_o its_o leg_n also_o be_v of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n but_o more_o dilute_a aldrovandus_n describe_v a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n take_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o territory_n beak_n of_o bononia_n in_o these_o word_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v seventeen_o inch_n long_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n flat_a and_o compress_a the_o beak_n a_o inch_n thick_a of_o a_o lovely_a skye-colour_n bend_v downward_o with_o a_o sharp_a hook_n short_a strong_a join_v to_o the_o head_n with_o a_o yellow_a membrane_n of_o a_o deep_a colour_n which_o compass_n the_o nostril_n the_o eye_n blue_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o eyelid_n round_o yellow_a the_o eye_n head_n neck_n back_o wing_n of_o a_o dark_a brown_a almost_o black_a sprinkle_v with_o black_a colour_n spot_n in_o almost_o every_o feather_n the_o great_a feather_n be_v cross_v with_o transverse_a one_o the_o throat_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a white_a the_o low_a part_n thereof_o be_v stain_v with_o throat_n black_a spot_n as_o it_o be_v drop_n draw_v out_o in_o length_n from_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n on_o each_o side_n a_o black_a line_n be_v draw_v downward_o almost_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o throat_n or_o gullet_n the_o breast_n belly_n and_o thigh_n white_a cross_v with_o broad_a transverse_a black_a line_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n when_o close_v reach_v almost_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o train_n the_o train_n tail_n less_o dusky_a mark_v also_o with_o black_a cross_a bar_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellow_a the_o thigh_n long_o the_o shanks_n short_a the_o toe_n slender_a long_a cover_v with_o scale_n as_o be_v also_o foot_n the_o leg_n the_o talon_n black_a and_o very_o sharp_a talon_n aldrovandus_n think_v this_o black_a peregrine_n falcon_n not_o to_o differ_v at_o all_o from_o the_o black_a falcon_n simple_o so_o call_v or_o the_o falconarius_fw-la of_o the_o german_n
with_o yellow_a spot_n the_o which_o themselves_o wing_n also_o appear_v white_a unless_o one_o heedful_o and_o intent_o behold_v it_o the_o wing_n be_v like_o those_o of_o other_o the_o most_o beautiful_a hawk_n but_o pure_o white_a and_o without_o spot_n the_o tail_n have_v twelve_o feather_n alike_o white_a and_o spot_v with_o yellow_a the_o sight_n train_z whereof_o the_o uppermost_a feather_n which_o be_v whole_o white_a and_o cover_v the_o rest_n hide_v they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sheath_n take_v away_o the_o beak_n also_o be_v rather_o white_a than_o beak_n blue_a the_o foot_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o hawk_n yellow_a the_o eye_n yellow_a and_o eye_n black_a and_o that_o yellow_a nothing_o deep_a than_o in_o a_o hawk_n not_o yet_o mew_v which_o we_o common_o call_v a_o sore_a although_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o be_v a_o sore_a for_o it_o may_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o may_v retain_v that_o yellowness_n from_o a_o certain_a temper_n of_o body_n peculiar_a to_o this_o kind_n otherwise_o it_o will_v after_o it_o be_v mew_v necessary_o incline_v to_o whiteness_n it_o be_v of_o a_o tall_a stature_n a_o great_a and_o stately_a bird_n it_o eat_v not_o but_o with_o its_o eye_n usual_o shut_v and_o that_o with_o great_a greediness_n it_o kill_v pullet_n §._o viii_o *_o the_o stone-falcon_n and_o tree-falcon_n falco_n lapidarius_n &_o arborarius_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o stone-falcon_n these_o few_o thing_n occur_v in_o albertus_n magnus_fw-la it_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a quantity_n and_o strength_n between_o the_o peregrine_n and_o gibbose_n or_o haggard_n falcon._n a_o full_a description_n of_o the_o tree-falcon_n we_o have_v in_o gesner_n which_o as_o mr._n willughby_n think_v agree_v well_o to_o the_o hobby_n the_o tree-falcon_n say_v he_o be_v a_o gallant_a and_o generous_a bird_n not_o unlike_a to_o a_o sparrow-hawk_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v four_o palm_n or_o sixteen_o inch_n long_o the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n mix_v as_o it_o be_v colour_n of_o yellowish_a and_o green_a the_o back_o black_a but_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n and_o back_o especial_o the_o low_a part_n of_o it_o be_v compass_v with_o red_a semicircle_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a and_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wing_n that_o which_o be_v towards_o the_o body_n spot_v with_o great_a pale-red_n spot_n the_o breast_n vary_v with_o whitish_a and_o brown_a spot_n certain_a yellowish_a white_a feather_n make_v up_o spot_n behind_o the_o ear_n and_o in_o the_o neck_n the_o eye_n be_v black_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o bill_n blue_a the_o tail-feather_n bill_n all_o but_o the_o two_o middlemost_a mark_v with_o spot_n §._o ix_o *_o the_o tunis_n or_o barbary_n falcon._n this_o bellonius_fw-la describe_v thus_o this_o barbary_n falcon_n be_v large_a approach_v to_o the_o shape_n and_o likeness_n of_o a_o lanner_n for_o it_o have_v like_o feather_n and_o not_o unlike_a foot_n but_o it_o be_v lesser-bodied_n beside_o it_o fly_v more_o and_o keep_v long_a on_o the_o wing_n it_o have_v a_o thick_a and_o round_o head_n it_o be_v good_a for_o brook-hawking_a and_o stout_o soar_v on_o high_a in_o the_o air_n but_o for_o the_o field_n it_o be_v not_o so_o fit_a as_o the_o lanner_n the_o falcon_n which_o our_o falconer_n call_v the_o barbary_n be_v lesser_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n viz._n the_o peregrine_n mountain_n and_o gentile_n if_o those_o do_v specifical_o differ_v which_o we_o do_v not_o think_v §._o x._o *_o the_o red_a falcon._n it_o be_v call_v red_a not_o because_o it_o be_v all_o over_o red_a but_o because_o those_o spot_n which_o in_o the_o rest_n be_v white_a in_o this_o kind_n be_v red_a and_o black_a but_o not_o so_o dispose_v as_o in_o other_o neither_o in_o the_o back_n nor_o in_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v red_a but_o only_o when_o it_o stretch_v out_o its_o wing_n for_o then_o the_o dark_a red_a show_v itself_o in_o they_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v lesser_a than_o a_o peregrine_n falcon._n but_o this_o and_o whatever_o else_o albertus_n and_o other_o have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o red_a falcon_n be_v of_o that_o nature_n that_o they_o leave_v we_o altogether_o uncertain_a whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o falcon_n or_o no_o specifical_o distinct_a from_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n §._o xi_o *_o the_o red_a indian_a falcon_n of_o aldrovandus_n the_o first_o of_o these_o which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o female_a have_v a_o great_a head_n than_o head_n the_o latter_a a_o broad_a and_o almost_o flat_a crown_n without_o any_o rise_n in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n as_o be_v see_v in_o some_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n tend_v to_o brown_a as_o be_v also_o the_o neck_n the_o whole_a back_o and_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o beak_n very_o thick_a next_o the_o head_n both_o above_o and_o below_o all_o yellow_a have_v a_o moderate_a ash-coloured_a beak_n hook_n of_o which_o colour_n be_v also_o all_o that_o forepart_n which_o be_v bare_a beyond_o the_o sear_n or_o invest_v membrane_n the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a black_a the_o iris_n brown_a or_o of_o a_o dark_a chesnut-colour_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o eyelid_n round_o about_o yellow_a eye_n from_o the_o exterior_a and_o lesser_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n on_o both_o side_n be_v draw_v a_o long_a stroke_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o breast_n the_o whole_a breast_n and_o also_o the_o upper_a part_n breast_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o belly_n moreover_o and_o the_o rump_n the_o hip_n and_o thigh_n be_v all_o fulvous_a or_o red_a of_o a_o pale_a vermilion_a colour_n but_o the_o chin_n in_o this_o red_a colour_n chin._n be_v mark_v with_o a_o long_a cinereous_a spot_n produce_v downward_o the_o breast_n also_o before_o be_v besprinkle_v with_o small_a scatter_a speck_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n the_o side_n that_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n close_v be_v tincture_v with_o the_o same_o dark_a cinereous_a colour_n the_o wing_n be_v very_o long_o their_o tip_n reach_v much_o further_a wing_n than_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tail_n cross_v one_o another_o about_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o back_n the_o train_n be_v long_o each_o feather_n whereof_o be_v vary_v with_o alternate_a space_n of_o black_a train_n which_o be_v the_o narrow_a of_o a_o semicircular_a figure_n and_o of_o ash-colour_n which_o be_v the_o broad_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v yellow_a pretty_a thick_a and_o strong_a the_o talon_n talon_n black_a and_o very_o sharp_a the_o other_o which_o we_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o male_a be_v less_o by_o near_a a_o three_o part_n for_o variety_n colour_n of_o colour_n almost_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a and_o those_o in_o the_o same_o part_n save_o that_o as_o we_o hint_v also_o before_o the_o red_a colour_n in_o this_o be_v deep_a and_o more_o evident_a likewise_o the_o same_o colour_a membrane_n as_o in_o the_o former_a i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v that_o about_o the_o eye_n those_o part_n also_o which_o in_o the_o former_a be_v colour_v with_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a in_o this_o be_v altogether_o black_a viz._n the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o head_n back_o and_o tail_n yet_o may_v we_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o mark_n peculiar_a to_o this_o wherein_o it_o differ_v chin._n from_o the_o other_o for_o the_o bill_n in_o this_o be_v whole_o blue_a except_v a_o small_a yellow_a membrane_n cover_v the_o nostril_n have_v uneven_a border_n as_o it_o be_v serrate_v the_o chin_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o throat_n in_o this_o be_v of_o a_o little_o pale_a red_a something_o incline_v to_o cinereous_a but_o not_o mark_v with_o any_o spot_n as_o in_o the_o former_a the_o interior_a flag-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a only_o cross_v at_o due_a interval_n with_o many_o transverse_a brown_a mark_n wing_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o very_a deep_a fulvous_a colour_n like_o red_a ochre_n the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v also_o adorn_v with_o a_o double_a variety_n of_o transverse_a train_n spot_n to_o wit_n white_a and_o ash-coloured_a incline_n to_o blue_a alternate_o dispose_v the_o foot_n and_o leg_n be_v of_o a_o more_o dilute_a yellow_a or_o wax_v colour_n foot_n both_o come_v out_o of_o the_o east-indies_n what_o be_v deliver_v by_o albertus_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o blue-footed_n falcon_n and_o bastard_n falcon_n i_o omit_v as_o be_v only_o general_a and_o uncertain_a refer_v the_o curious_a and_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o know_v such_o thing_n to_o the_o author_n themselves_o or_o to_o
bontius_n in_o the_o five_o book_n and_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o his_o natural_a and_o medic_a history_n of_o the_o east-indies_n where_o we_o have_v to_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v true_a that_o these_o bird_n of_o paradise_n be_v nourish_v by_o the_o air_n or_o want_v foot_n that_o with_o their_o crooked_a and_o very_a sharp_a claw_n they_o catch_v small_a bird_n as_o green_a linnet_n chaffinche_n and_o the_o like_a and_o present_o tear_v and_o devour_v they_o like_o other_o bird_n of_o prey_n no_o less_o untrue_a be_v it_o that_o they_o be_v not_o find_v but_o only_o dead_a whereas_o they_o sit_v upon_o tree_n and_o be_v shoot_v with_o arrow_n by_o the_o tarnacense_v whence_o also_o and_o from_o their_o swift_a forward_o reciprocal_a fly_v they_o be_v by_o the_o indian_n call_v tarnacensian_a swallow_n we_o true_o before_o we_o have_v read_v these_o thing_n in_o bontius_n have_v subjoin_v these_o bird_n to_o the_o rapacious_a kind_n because_o they_o do_v seem_v to_o we_o in_o their_o bill_n and_o crooked_a claw_n very_o near_o to_o resemble_v they_o and_o consequent_o in_o all_o likelihood_n to_o prey_n upon_o littlebird_n hence_o also_o it_o appear_v how_o rash_o some_o have_v believe_v that_o they_o take_v their_o rest_n hang_v by_o those_o two_o feather_n cirri_fw-la which_o run_v out_o as_o it_o be_v two_o long_a string_n beyond_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n twine_v about_o the_o bough_n of_o tree_n for_o those_o cirri_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o naked_a shaft_n of_o feather_n have_v neither_o the_o structure_n nor_o use_n of_o muscle_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o those_o who_o travel_n to_o those_o part_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n where_o these_o bird_n be_v find_v will_v diligent_o inquire_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n where_o and_o how_o they_o build_v and_o what_o those_o long_a feather_n serve_v for_o which_o spring_v in_o great_a number_n from_o both_o side_n of_o the_o breast_n do_v both_o run_v out_o in_o length_n beyond_o the_o tail_n and_o also_o be_v spread_v out_o far_o in_o breadth_n and_o especial_o what_o may_v be_v the_o use_n of_o these_o two_o long_a naked_a shaft_n of_o feather_n before_o mention_v which_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n be_v to_o we_o as_o yet_o unknown_a these_o most_o beautiful_a bird_n as_o aldrovandus_n report_v be_v call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o molucca_n island_n manucodiatae_n that_o be_v god_n bird_n and_o have_v in_o great_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n they_o be_v call_v bird_n of_o paradise_n both_o for_o the_o excellent_a shape_n and_o beauty_n of_o their_o body_n and_o also_o because_o where_o they_o be_v breed_v whence_o they_o come_v and_o whither_o they_o betake_v themselves_o be_v altogether_o unknown_a since_o they_o be_v find_v only_o dead_a upon_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o vulgar_a imagine_v they_o to_o drop_v out_o of_o heaven_n or_o paradise_n but_o this_o mistake_n we_o have_v before_o out_o of_o bontius_n rectify_v chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o bird_n of_o paradise_n §._o i._o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o first_o bird_n of_o paradise_n for_o bigness_n and_o shape_n of_o body_n behold_v single_o it_o come_v near_o to_o a_o swallow_n the_o head_n feather_n invest_v it_o be_v of_o several_a colour_n very_o beautiful_a and_o lovely_a to_o behold_v the_o head_n like_o that_o of_o a_o swallow_n and_o great_a for_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o body_n the_o feather_n cover_v its_o upper_a part_n from_o the_o first_o vertebre_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v short_a thick_a hard_a close-set_a of_o a_o bright_a glister_a yellow_a colour_n shine_v like_o burnish_a gold_n or_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o rest_n which_o cover_v the_o chin_n be_v of_o a_o admirable_a bluish_a green_a such_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o head_n of_o mallards_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o sunshine_n the_o bill_n be_v long_o than_o that_o of_o a_o swallow_n the_o wing_n wing-feather_n for_o shape_n like_o those_o of_o heron_n only_a slenderer_n and_o long_o of_o a_o shine_a dusky_a colour_n between_o black_a and_o red_a which_o together_o with_o the_o tail_n be_v spread_v round_o represent_v the_o likeness_n of_o a_o wheel_n for_o they_o be_v absolute_o immovable_a stick_v in_o the_o skin_n like_o so_o many_o dart_n beside_o which_o there_o be_v also_o other_o small_a feather_n and_o those_o verily_a not_o a_o few_o which_o spring_v up_o just_a by_o the_o original_n of_o the_o great_a feather_n that_o make_v up_o the_o wing_n and_o cover_v the_o low_a part_n of_o they_o these_o be_v half_a red_a or_o scarlet-coloured_n half_a of_o a_o shine_a saffron_n or_o gold_n colour_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o remarkable_a and_o singular_a disparity_n of_o colour_n contribute_v much_o to_o the_o beauty_n and_o elegancy_n of_o this_o bird_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v cover_v with_o body_n fulvous_a feather_n incline_v to_o red_n ruffum_fw-la yet_o so_o that_o still_o one_o may_v observe_v some_o difference_n between_o they_o for_o those_o on_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n which_o stand_v thick_a and_o be_v likewise_o broad_a be_v of_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n breadth_n be_v of_o a_o fulvous_a or_o rather_o liver_n colour_n and_o that_o very_o bright_a and_o resplendent_a those_o on_o the_o back_o stand_v thin_a and_o be_v few_o gape_v moreover_o with_o large_a division_n after_o the_o manner_n exact_o of_o those_o grow_n on_o the_o back_n of_o heron_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o several_a thread_n or_o filament_n which_o compose_v the_o web_n of_o the_o feather_n stand_v thin_a or_o at_o great_a distance_n as_o in_o those_o of_o a_o peacock_n tail_n neither_o do_v they_o attain_v that_o eminent_a breadth_n or_o match_v they_o in_o that_o excellent_a liver-colour_n but_o be_v rather_o of_o a_o purple_a resemble_v flesh_n or_o somewhat_o more_o obscure_a those_o two_o filament_n which_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o back_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n black_a §._o ii_o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o second_o bird_n of_o paradise_n this_o differ_v from_o the_o rest_n especial_o in_o that_o it_o have_v in_o its_o rump_n two_o very_a long_a feather_n exceed_v the_o rest_n about_o two_o palm_n length_n the_o head_n be_v almost_o head_n white_a besprinkle_v with_o yellow_a and_o golden_a spot_n the_o eye_n likewise_o yellow_a the_o hair_n of_o the_o eyelid_n red_a the_o bill_n of_o a_o middle_a colour_n between_o yellow_a and_o green_a two_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a part_n a_o little_a crooked_a the_o tongue_n red_a long_a sharp_a not_o unlike_a bill_n that_o of_o woodpecker_n very_o fit_a to_o strike_v infect_v the_o breast_n be_v somewhat_o red_a tongue_n the_o belly_n back_o and_o wing_n be_v white_a yet_o be_v their_o upper_a side_n all_o over_o and_o wing_n their_o end_n ferrugineous_a the_o back_n at_o first_o seem_v to_o incline_v somewhat_o to_o yellow_a back_o but_o about_o the_o rump_n it_o change_v to_o a_o red_a or_o ferrugineous_a in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o equal_v five_o palm_n it_o exceed_v the_o first_o species_n the_o tail_n feather_n at_o their_o tail_n insertion_n into_o the_o back_n be_v white_a else_o ferrugineous_a long_o than_o in_o the_o first_o species_n this_o bird_n want_v those_o two_o thread_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o back_n of_o all_o this_o kind_n wherefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v that_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o journey_n or_o continuance_n of_o time_n they_o fall_v away_o and_o be_v lose_v not_o that_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v call_v a_o female_a as_o the_o vulgar_a have_v be_v hitherto_o false_o persuade_v the_o use_n of_o the_o two_o forementioned_a long_a feather_n may_v perchance_o be_v for_o swift_a flight_n §._o iii_o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o three_o bird_n of_o paradise_n this_o for_o the_o length_n of_o its_o body_n we_o think_v good_a to_o call_v paradise_n hippomanncodiata_n as_o be_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o wing_n twenty_o seven_o inch_n long_o and_o two_o palm_n broad_a when_o the_o wing_n be_v close_v the_o bill_n be_v well_o hook_v especial_o the_o upper_a part_n three_o inch_n long_o the_o low_a part_n a_o little_o short_a the_o whole_a bird_n be_v white_a except_o the_o neck_n and_o belly_n which_o be_v of_o a_o chesnut-colour_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v ferrugineous_a to_o which_o succeed_v a_o yellow_a and_o to_o the_o yellow_a a_o green_a colour_n near_o the_o back_o the_o feather_n be_v very_o prominent_a viz._n the_o length_n of_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n this_o bird_n have_v only_o one_o string_n and_o that_o rough_a and_o very_a flexible_a wherefore_o we_o think_v that_o the_o other_o be_v by_o some_o accident_n lose_v §._o iv._o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o
outward_o though_o great_a be_v only_o the_o eye_n iris._n for_o the_o whole_a bulb_n or_o ball_n of_o the_o eye_n when_o take_v out_o somewhat_o resemble_v a_o hat_n or_o helmet_n the_o iris_n be_v the_o crown_n the_o part_n not_o appear_v and_o extend_v itself_o good_a way_n further_o the_o brim_n the_o interior_a edge_n of_o the_o eyelid_n round_o about_o be_v yellow_a the_o eye_n be_v altogether_o fix_v and_o immovable_a the_o bird_n be_v describe_v by_o marggravius_n under_o the_o title_n of_o tuidara_n of_o brasil_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v common_a with_o we_o to_o the_o new_a world_n §._o iv._o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o former_a aluco_fw-la this_o be_v big_a than_o the_o precedent_n but_o say_v my_o author_n lesser_o than_o the_o otus_n or_o horn-owl_n this_o be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o all_o that_o they_o cover_v the_o eye_n only_o by_o draw_v the_o upper_a lid_n over_o it_o downward_o it_o have_v a_o circle_n as_o it_o be_v a_o crown_n make_v up_o of_o feather_n which_o encompass_v the_o whole_a face_n pass_v above_o the_o eye_n like_o tall_a eyebrow_n descend_v on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o temple_n and_o meet_v under_o the_o chin_n somewhat_o like_o a_o woman_n black_a hood_n the_o eye_n be_v great_a whole_o black_a without_o any_o diversity_n of_o colour_n sink_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o deep_a cavity_n make_v by_o this_o circle_n of_o erect_a feather_n the_o prone_a side_n viz._n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n spot_v with_o indifferent_o great_a black_a spot_n the_o bill_n white_a very_o much_o hook_v as_o also_o the_o claw_n the_o leg_n cover_v with_o white_a feather_n but_o the_o foot_n only_o with_o hair_n the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o lead-colour_n variegated_a with_o whitish_a speck_n the_o whole_a body_n cover_v with_o a_o deep_a and_o thick-set_a plumage_n which_o make_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v of_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o capon_n whereas_o when_o pluck_v it_o be_v scarce_o so_o big_a as_o a_o chicken_n the_o wing_n be_v large_a and_o reach_v beyond_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n this_o out_o of_o aldrovandus_n §._o v._o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o grey_a owl_n ulula_n aldrov_n as_o also_o gesner_n ulula_n gesn_a the_o bird_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n ulula_n in_o latin_a owl_n or_o owlet_n in_o english_a hulot_n in_o french_a ul_a or_o eul_n in_o dutch_a be_v doubtless_o so_o denominate_v from_o the_o howl_a noise_n that_o it_o make_v howl_v in_o english_a and_o dutch_a signify_v the_o same_o that_o ululo_n or_o ejulo_fw-la in_o latin_a wherefore_o the_o bird_n which_o aldrovandus_n exhibit_v under_o this_o title_n since_o it_o make_v a_o noise_n like_o a_o chicken_n he_o will_v not_o confident_o aver_v to_o be_v the_o ulula_n but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o any_o of_o the_o species_n of_o night-bird_n mention_v by_o the_o ancient_n he_o know_v not_o wither_v more_o commodious_o than_o to_o this_o from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v eighteen_o inch_n long_o the_o head_n back_o colour_n wing_n and_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n speckle_v with_o whitish_a and_o black_a spot_n under_o the_o belly_n it_o be_v white_a variegated_a with_o blackish_a spot_n the_o head_n be_v very_o head_n great_a enormous_o thick_a round_o full_a of_o feather_n the_o eye_n be_v whole_o black_a and_o eye_n encompass_v round_o with_o white_a soft_a feather_n within_o the_o ring_n or_o ambit_fw-la whereof_o at_o the_o border_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v see_v as_o it_o be_v a_o red_a circle_n in_o wink_v the_o eye_n be_v cover_v only_o with_o the_o upper_a eyelid_n the_o bill_n be_v hook_v and_o greenish_a the_o bill_n nostril_n great_a and_o patent_n the_o wing_n very_o large_a eighteen_o inch_n long_o reach_v to_o wing_n the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n be_v hairy_a down_o to_o the_o claw_n which_o be_v ash-coloured_a claw_n hook_a and_o exceed_v sharp_a it_o have_v four_o toe_n two_o stand_v forward_o and_o two_o backward_o aldrovandus_n keep_v this_o bird_n three_o month_n at_o his_o house_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o grey_a owl_n before_o describe_v by_o the_o title_n of_o strix_n cinerea_fw-la gesner_n describe_v his_o ulula_n in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o hen_n or_o big_a the_o ulula_n colour_n red_a sprinkle_v with_o black_a the_o bill_n white_a short_a as_o in_o other_o night-bird_n hook_a so_o that_o the_o upper_a chap_n be_v much_o long_o than_o the_o nether_a the_o eye_n great_a black_a the_o pupil_n be_v of_o a_o obscure_a red_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v red_a moreover_o the_o eye_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o nictating_a membrane_n between_o the_o eye_n and_o back_o it_o be_v thick-feathered_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o neck_n be_v very_o agile_a so_o that_o she_o can_v turn_v her_o head_n much_o backward_o the_o leg_n be_v whitish_a sprinkle_v with_o livid_v speck_n rough_a down_o to_o the_o foot_n the_o toe_n stand_v two_o forward_a two_o backward_o it_o have_v not_o be_v our_o hap_n as_o yet_o to_o see_v a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n if_o it_o be_v distinct_a from_o our_o describe_v grey_a owl_n for_o that_o bird_n which_o by_o we_o in_o england_n be_v call_v owl_n and_o owlet_n and_o madge-howlet_n be_v the_o aluco_n of_o gesner_n and_o aldrovandus_n although_o owl_n be_v with_o we_o a_o general_a name_n attribute_v to_o all_o night-bird_n §._o vi_o the_o little_a owl_n noctua_n the_o bird_n we_o describe_v of_o this_o kind_n we_o buy_v in_o the_o market_n at_o vienna_n in_o austria_n where_o they_o call_v it_o schaffilt_v it_o be_v a_o cock_n scarce_o so_o big_a as_o a_o blackbird_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o measure_n tail_n be_v almost_o seven_o inch_n its_o breadth_n the_o wing_n be_v extend_v more_o than_o fourteen_o inch_n the_o bill_n be_v white_a and_o like_a to_o that_o of_o other_o owl_n the_o tongue_n a_o palate_n little_a divide_v as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o tribe_n the_o palate_n below_o black_a have_v a_o wide_a or_o gape_v cleave_v and_o below_o it_o a_o round_a hole_n the_o nostril_n oblong_v the_o ear_n great_a the_o eye_n eye_n lesser_a and_o handsome_a than_o in_o other_o owl_n the_o wreath_n or_o circle_n of_o feather_n encompass_v the_o face_n beyond_o the_o ear_n lesser_a hood_n and_o less_o easy_o discernible_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a with_o side_n a_o mixture_n of_o red_a have_v transverse_a whitish_a spot_n the_o tail_n be_v 2_o ¾_n inch_n long_o compound_v of_o twelve_o feather_n exact_o equal_a have_v tail_n five_o or_o six_o transverse_a white_a bar_n the_o feather_n about_o the_o ear_n be_v more_o variegated_a with_o black_a and_o white_a the_o side_n chin_n and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o belly_n white_a the_o breast_n mark_v with_o long_a dusky_a spot_n the_o number_n of_o beam-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o four_o their_o interior_a web_n wing-feather_n be_v spot_v with_o round_a white_a spot_n it_o be_v feather_v almost_o down_o to_o the_o claw_n except_v two_o or_o three_o annulary_a scale_n talon_n the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a it_o have_v two_o back-toe_n and_o as_o many_o fore-ones_a the_o sol_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v yellow_a the_o claw_n black_a the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o middle_a claw_n be_v thin_v into_o a_o edge_n it_o have_v a_o great_a gall_n the_o length_n of_o the_o gut_n be_v ten_o inch_n of_o the_o blind_a gut_n gut_n one_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o wood_n of_o austria_n but_o rare_o resemble_v much_o gesner_n figure_n of_o place_n noctua_n which_o therefore_o we_o have_v take_v for_o it_o afterward_o we_o see_v it_o expose_v to_o sale_n at_o rome_n they_o use_v it_o for_o catch_v of_o small_a bird_n see_v the_o manner_n in_o olina_n use_v aldrovandus_n say_v that_o it_o be_v tell_v he_o that_o the_o german_n do_v sometime_o take_v in_o their_o country_n a_o sort_n of_o little_a owl_n which_o when_o come_v to_o its_o full_a growth_n be_v no_o big_a than_o a_o lark_n which_o they_o call_v by_o a_o diminutive_a name_n keutzlin_n but_o however_o aldrovandus_n happen_v not_o to_o see_v it_o the_o same_o bird_n be_v doubtless_o also_o find_v in_o italy_n for_o we_o observe_v they_o at_o rome_n stand_v on_o perche_n to_o be_v sell_v and_o we_o can_v hardly_o believe_v they_o bring_v they_o so_o far_o as_o out_o of_o germany_n §._o vii_o *_o aldrovandus_fw-la his_o noctua_n that_o which_o aldrovandus_n have_v describe_v and_o figure_v for_o the_o noctua_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o dove_n nine_o inch_n long_o have_v a_o great_a head_n flat_o above_o large_a grey_a eye_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v partly_o of_o a_o pale_a chesnut_n
but_o a_o certain_a skinny_a rough_a matter_n it_o have_v a_o handsome_a tail_n two_o inch_n long_o which_o it_o can_v spread_v wide_a to_o the_o end_n whereof_o the_o wing_n reach_v in_o all_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o feather_n be_v mix_v white_a and_o black_a as_o in_o a_o sparrow-hawk_n in_o the_o head_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n they_o be_v black_a white_a be_v intersperse_v with_o a_o grateful_a variety_n and_o something_o also_o of_o yellow_a mingle_v with_o the_o white_a in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v black_a and_o speckled_a here_o and_o there_o with_o white_a there_o be_v also_o find_v another_o species_n of_o this_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o make_v with_o this_o but_o as_o big_a as_o a_o owl_n the_o mouth_n open_v will_v easy_o admit_v a_o man_n fist_n §._o iii_o *_o marggravius_n his_o brasilian_n guira_n querea_fw-la approach_v to_o the_o goat-sucker_n or_o swift_a it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n but_o because_o it_o have_v long_a wing_n and_o a_o tail_n much_o long_o it_o seem_v great_a it_o have_v a_o broad_a flat_a and_o pretty_a great_a head_n great_a black_a eye_n a_o small_a triangular_a compress_a bill_n the_o upper_a chap_n be_v hook_v a_o wide_a mouth_n much_o wide_a than_o the_o bill_n and_o which_o be_v open_v represent_v a_o triangle_n at_o each_o end_n of_o the_o upper_a mandible_a on_o both_o side_n for_o the_o length_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o either_o it_o have_v about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o thick_a bristle_n like_o swine_n stretch_v forth_o both_o forward_a and_o sideways_o it_o be_v body_n be_v not_o long_o but_o almost_o round_o each_o foot_n have_v four_o toe_n stand_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o middle_a whereof_o be_v long_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o furnish_v with_o a_o claw_n fine_o serrate_v or_o tooth_v like_o a_o comb._n all_o the_o claw_n be_v black_a it_o have_v long_a wing_n viz._n half_a a_o foot_n the_o tail_n eight_o inch_n long_o have_v in_o the_o outside_n two_o feather_n long_o than_o the_o rest_n the_o whole_a bird_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n with_o dark_a yellow_a or_o whitish_a spot_n intermingle_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o sparrow-hawk_n round_o the_o neck_n behind_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o ring_n of_o a_o dark_a golden_a colour_n the_o leg_n be_v cinereous_a or_o dusky_a the_o toe_n connect_v by_o a_o little_a skin_n not_o so_o broad_a as_o in_o duck_n for_o it_o be_v no_o waterfowl_n this_o latter_a bird_n do_v more_o resemble_v a_o swallow_n than_o a_o goat-sucker_n the_o former_a also_o be_v not_o unlike_o the_o hirundo_fw-la apus_fw-la or_o swift_n indeed_o the_o goat-sucker_n and_o swift_a agree_v in_o many_o particular_n as_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o bill_n the_o wideness_n of_o the_o mouth_n the_o shortness_n of_o the_o leg_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o toe_n book_n i._o part_n i._o sect_n iii_o of_o frugivorous_a hook-billed_a bird_n or_o parrot_n chap._n i._o of_o parrot_n in_o general_n the_o parrot_n have_v a_o great_a head_n a_o hard_a beak_n and_o skull_n but_o why_o nature_n give_v it_o a_o hook_a bill_n whereas_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o frugivorous_a than_o a_o carnivorous_a or_o rapacious_a bird_n aldrovandus_n give_v this_o reason_n because_o for_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o foot_n descend_v or_o climb_v up_o bough_n or_o grate_n it_o can_v not_o commodious_o sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o its_o body_n be_v not_o the_o bill_n of_o that_o crooked_a semicircular_a figure_n that_o it_o can_v as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o hook_n or_o grapple_v catch_n hold_v of_o whatever_o be_v near_o for_o the_o parrot_n in_o climb_v wall_n or_o tree_n first_o catch_n hold_v with_o her_o bill_n as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o hook_n then_o draw_v up_o her_o body_n then_o fasten_v her_o foot_n then_o reach_v up_o high_a clap_n on_o her_o beak_n again_o and_o so_o put_v forward_o her_o body_n and_o foot_n alternate_o the_o parrot_n alone_o with_o the_o crocodile_n move_v the_o upper_a jaw_n as_o all_o other_o animal_n do_v the_o low_o the_o tongue_n be_v broad_a which_o be_v common_a to_o it_o with_o other_o rapacious_a bird_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o gourd-seed_n as_o scaliger_n note_v hence_o it_o be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d both_o because_o its_o tongue_n resemble_v a_o man_n and_o also_o because_o it_o imitate_v humane_a speech_n the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o singular_a fashion_n for_o they_o have_v not_o three_o toe_n stand_v forward_o and_o one_o backward_o but_o two_o each_o way_n like_o woodpecker_n jo._n faber_n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o nardi_n antonio_n recchi_n his_o animal_n find_v in_o new_a spain_n have_v note_v and_o observe_v concern_v the_o toe_n of_o parrot_n something_o not_o mention_v by_o any_o author_n viz._n that_o when_o they_o walk_v climb_v up_o or_o descend_v down_o the_o side_n of_o their_o cage_n they_o stretch_v two_o of_o their_o toe_n forward_o and_o two_o backward_a but_o when_o they_o take_v their_o meat_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o their_o mouth_n they_o make_v use_v of_o three_o toe_n to_o hold_v it_o till_o they_o have_v eat_v it_o up_o yea_o which_o may_v seem_v wonderful_a they_o do_v so_o dexterous_o and_o nimble_o turn_v the_o great_a hind-toe_n forward_o and_o backward_o that_o on_o sight_n of_o it_o you_o will_v confess_v yourself_o not_o to_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v give_v they_o by_o nature_n to_o be_v use_v as_o a_o fore-toe_n in_o feed_v or_o a_o back-toe_n in_o walk_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v in_o this_o respect_n they_o resemble_v owl_n it_o have_v crooked_a claw_n wherewith_o it_o hold_v its_o meat_n like_o rapacious_a bird_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o its_o mouth_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n for_o take_v it_o in_o its_o toe_n it_o lift_v it_o up_o to_o its_o mouth_n not_o turn_v the_o foot_n inward_a but_o outward_a after_o a_o fashion_n not_o only_o usual_a and_o ridiculous_a but_o one_o will_v think_v also_o incommodious_a it_o do_v not_o only_a first_o of_o all_o with_o its_o bill_n as_o it_o be_v with_o tooth_n break_v or_o divide_v entire_a almond_n but_o roll_v they_o up_o and_o down_o within_o the_o cavity_n of_o its_o bill_n do_v as_o it_o be_v champ_v and_o chew_v they_o soften_a they_o before_o it_o swallow_v they_o parrot_n while_o they_o be_v yet_o wild_a and_o at_o liberty_n do_v eat_v all_o sort_n of_o grain_n and_o pulse_n and_o this_o be_v peculiar_o observe_v of_o they_o above_o other_o creature_n that_o as_o swallow_n feed_v upon_o hellebore_n and_o starling_n upon_o hemlock_n so_o do_v they_o upon_o the_o seed_n of_o carthamus_n bastard_n saffron_n which_o to_o man_n be_v a_o purgative_a not_o only_o without_o receive_v harm_n thereby_o but_o grow_v fat_a with_o it_o moreover_o they_o eat_v all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n as_o well_o such_o as_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o soft_a rind_n as_o those_o with_o a_o hard_a shell_n viz._n nut_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v great_o delight_v in_o they_o they_o do_v not_o only_o imitate_v man_n voice_n but_o in_o wit_n excel_v all_o other_o bird_n as_o aldrovandus_n prove_v by_o many_o history_n and_o example_n i_o shall_v not_o think_v much_o to_o set_v down_o one_o very_o pleasant_a story_n which_o gesner_n say_v be_v tell_v he_o by_o a_o certain_a friend_n of_o a_o parrot_n which_o fall_v out_o of_o king_n henry_n viii_o his_o palace_n at_o westminster_n into_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n that_o run_v by_o and_o then_o very_o seasonable_o remember_v the_o word_n it_o have_v often_o hear_v some_o whether_o in_o danger_n or_o in_o jest_n use_v cry_v out_o amain_o a_o boat_n a_o boat_n for_o twenty_o pound_n a_o certain_a experience_a boatman_n make_v thither_o present_o take_v up_o the_o bird_n and_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o king_n to_o who_o he_o know_v it_o belong_v hope_v for_o as_o great_a a_o reward_n as_o the_o bird_n have_v promise_v the_o king_n agree_v with_o the_o boatman_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v as_o the_o bird_n be_v ask_v anew_o shall_v say_v and_o the_o bird_n answer_v give_v the_o knave_n a_o groat_n they_o be_v very_o frequent_a in_o both_o indies_n as_o well_o east_n as_o west_n they_o breed_v not_o in_o cold_a country_n for_o they_o be_v impatient_a of_o cold_a so_o that_o they_o can_v hardly_o bear_v our_o winter_n unless_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o stove_n or_o hot_a place_n and_o whereas_o in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o wit_n the_o indies_n they_o be_v much_o upon_o the_o wing_n with_o we_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inclemency_n and_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n they_o grow_v torpid_a and_o unactive_a and_o less_o fit_a for_o flight_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v very_o long-lived_a they_o breed_v in_o hollow_a tree_n witness_n marggravius_n lerius_fw-la and_o piso_n where_o they_o make_v a_o round_a hole_n
compare_v the_o description_n i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a same_o bird_n with_o aldrovandus_n his_o first_o macao_n §._o v._o *_o the_o former_a brasilian_n maracana_n of_o marggrav_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n altogether_o like_o a_o parrot_n of_o which_o also_o it_o be_v a_o species_n but_o big_a all_o its_o feather_n of_o a_o bluish_a grey_a it_o cry_v like_o a_o parrot_n it_o love_v fruit_n especial_o murucuja_n §._o vi_o *_o the_o other_o maracana_n of_o marggrav_n this_o be_v also_o a_o sort_n of_o arara_n he_o mean_v by_o this_o word_n a_o maccaw_n for_o so_o it_o seem_v the_o brasilian_n call_v maccaws_n but_o lesser_a about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o parrot_n it_o be_v of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o maccaw_n arara_n have_v such_o a_o long_a tail_n a_o like_a bill_n and_o skin_n about_o the_o eye_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a the_o skin_n about_o the_o eye_n white_a and_o speckled_a with_o black_a feather_n the_o eye_n yellowish_a the_o pupil_n black_a the_o whole_a head_n neck_n and_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a green_a as_o in_o amurucurica_n the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n be_v more_o dilute_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n incline_v to_o blue_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o feather_n above_o green_a underneath_o of_o a_o deep_a red_a have_v their_o end_n blue_a the_o wing_n likewise_o be_v read_v on_o the_o inside_n green_a on_o the_o outside_n have_v their_o end_n blue_a at_o the_o rise_n of_o each_o wing_n it_o have_v a_o red_a spot_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o bill_n above_o it_o have_v a_o dusky_a spot_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v dusky_a it_o cry_v oe_v oe_o oe._n chap._n iii_o of_o middle-sized_a parrot_n proper_o call_v parrot_n and_o poppinjaye_n §._o i._o *_o the_o white_n cresle_v parrot_n of_o aldrovandus_n it_o be_v about_o thirteen_o inch_n long_o as_o big_a as_o a_o ordinary_a young_a pullet_n or_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o tame_a pigeon_n n._n b._n i_o here_o measure_v the_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n for_o measure_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v about_o eighteen_o inch_n it_o be_v tail_n contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o parrot_n be_v not_o stretch_v out_o direct_o backward_o in_o length_n but_o erect_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o common_a dunghill-cock_n and_o hen_n it_o have_v a_o ash-coloured_a bill_n incline_v to_o black_a have_v wide_o open_a nostril_n near_o the_o head_n and_o rise_v up_o with_o a_o round_a ridge_n or_o bunch_n between_o they_o the_o tongue_n be_v broad_a and_o red_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n yellow_a the_o pupil_n black_a the_o whole_a body_n clothe_v with_o white_a feather_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v adorn_v with_o fair_a feather_n a_o handful_n and_o half_a high_a bend_v somewhat_o backward_o end_v in_o sharp_a point_n again_o reflect_v forward_o ten_o in_o number_n as_o it_o be_v a_o crest_n the_o tail_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v erect_v on_o high_a consist_v of_o a_o great_a many_o white_a feather_n nine_o inch_n long_o such_o as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o dunghil-cock_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v yellowish_a the_o claw_n small_a scarce_o hook_v and_o black_a §._o ii_o the_o most_o common_a green_a parrot_n have_v the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n red_a aldrov_n this_o be_v nothing_o less_o if_o not_o big_a than_o the_o white_a crest_a parrot_n almost_o fifteen_o inch_n long_o of_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o great_a tame_a pigeon_n or_o a_o pullet_n of_o the_o first_o year_n with_o we_o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_o so_o big_a the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v black_a at_o the_o point_n then_o bluish_a the_o remainder_n be_v red_a the_o low_a chap_n white_a the_o iris_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n or_o rather_o red_a the_o pupil_n black_a the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n yellow_a all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v green_a the_o under_z side_n more_o dilute_a and_o yellowish_a the_o back_n and_o wing_n dark_a and_o the_o great_a and_o outmost_a pinion_v feather_n incline_v somewhat_o to_o blue_a only_o the_o uppermost_a ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v red_a as_o also_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v but_o short_a in_o the_o low_a part_n on_o each_o side_n it_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o long_a red_a spot_n but_o above_o it_o be_v yellow_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o claw_n black_a and_o not_o much_o hook_v this_o kind_n be_v the_o most_o common_a of_o all_o with_o we_o in_o those_o i_o describe_v at_o london_n there_o be_v a_o white_a circle_n about_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n have_v on_o each_o side_n a_o tooth-like_a process_n or_o appendix_n to_o which_o answer_v a_o dent_n or_o nick_n in_o the_o low_a §._o iii_o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o parrot_n with_o a_o particoloured_a bill_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v eighteen_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a chap_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v of_o a_o bluish_a green_a of_o a_o yellow_a ochre_n colour_n in_o the_o side_n the_o tip-crossed_n with_o a_o white_a spot_n the_o low_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o a_o lead-colour_n round_o about_o and_o yellow_a in_o the_o middle_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n adorn_v with_o yellow_a or_o golden_a feather_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n green_a the_o back_o dark_a the_o belly_n and_o breast_n light_a with_o a_o gloss_n of_o yellow_a the_o root_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v every_o where_o cinereous_a the_o flag-feather_n on_o their_o outer_a web_n towards_o the_o belly_n be_v first_o green_a then_o by_o little_a and_o little_o grow_v blue_a terminate_v in_o a_o purplish_a colour_n be_v elsewhere_o black_a the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n be_v whole_o yellow_a those_o which_o grow_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o wing_n at_o their_o beginning_n on_o the_o outer_a web_n which_o respect_v the_o belly_n be_v first_o green_a then_o of_o a_o dark_a red_a then_o green_a again_o and_o last_o at_o their_o tip_n partly_o of_o a_o violet_n colour_n partly_o black_a with_o so_o great_a variety_n the_o tail_n be_v compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o four_o on_o each_o side_n at_o their_o rise_n or_o beginning_n be_v first_o green_a on_o the_o exterior_a web_n yellow_a on_o the_o interior_a then_o of_o a_o red_a or_o scarlet_a colour_n three_o green_a again_o and_o last_o yellow_a the_o four_o remain_a middle_a feather_n be_v whole_o or_o all_o over_o green_a only_o at_o their_o very_a end_n show_v something_o of_o yellow_a the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o lead-colour_n have_v four_o toe_n two_o stand_v forward_o and_o two_o backward_o as_o in_o woodpecker_n the_o interior_a be_v much_o short_a than_o the_o exterior_a the_o claw_n crooked_a as_o in_o rapacious_a bird_n the_o leg_n not_o above_o a_o inch_n long_o but_o pretty_a thick_a §._o iv._o *_o the_o black-billed_n green_a parrot_n of_o aldrovandus_n this_o be_v thirteen_o inch_n long_o have_v a_o great_a thick_a bill_n like_o the_o rest_n but_o whole_o black_a at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o bill_n on_o the_o crown_n and_o under_o the_o throat_n it_o be_v of_o a_o blue_a colour_n tend_v to_o green_a the_o iris_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a saffron_n the_o pupil_n black_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o head_n and_o the_o breast_n yellow_a the_o belly_n of_o a_o middle_a colour_n between_o yellow_a and_o green_a as_o also_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o neck_n and_o all_o the_o back_n with_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a green_a so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v almost_o whole_o green_a but_o that_o the_o very_a extreme_a ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n where_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o scarlet_a red_a and_o then_o follow_v a_o black_a feather_n in_o the_o outside_n or_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o respect_v the_o belly_n and_o last_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o flag-feather_n be_v red_a beside_o these_o also_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o rump_n be_v tincture_v with_o a_o scarlet_a red_a the_o foot_n be_v dusky_a the_o talon_n black_a and_o somewhat_o crooked_a the_o tail_n be_v about_o a_o palm_n long_o more_o or_o less_o §._o v._o *_o the_o white-headed_n parrot_n of_o aldrovandus_n it_o be_v ten_o inch_n long_o the_o bill_n white_a and_o two_o inch_n thick_a that_o part_n of_o the_o head_n next_o to_o the_o bill_n be_v also_o white_a the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n black_a the_o iris_z ferrugineous_a the_o forehead_n and_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v white_a variegated_a with_o black_a spot_n the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n back_o wing_n and_o rump_n above_o be_v tincture_v with_o
a_o dark_a green_a the_o throat_n and_o uppermost_a ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n with_o a_o vermilion_n red_a the_o breast_n and_o thigh_n again_o be_v green_a the_o part_n of_o the_o belly_n lie_v between_o the_o thigh_n and_o the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n obscure_o red_a or_o of_o that_o the_o painter_n call_v umber_v terrae_fw-la umbriae_fw-la some_o of_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n viz._n the_o outmost_a be_v blue_a but_o with_o some_o mixture_n of_o white_a the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o belly_n next_o the_o rump_n yellow_a the_o tail_n be_v red_a in_o the_o middle_n the_o side_n be_v variegated_a with_o red_a yellow_a and_o blue_a almost_o all_o the_o feather_n have_v their_o utmost_a tip_n black_a but_o else_o be_v green_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n cinereous_a this_o bird_n from_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o its_o colour_n may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o particoloured_a or_o many-coloured_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d parrot_n it_o be_v of_o no_o less_o than_o seven_o several_a colour_n of_o which_o yet_o the_o chief_a be_v green_a mr._n willughby_n do_v thus_o brief_o describe_v either_o this_o same_o parrot_n or_o one_o very_o like_o it_o it_o be_v of_o a_o green_a colour_n lesser_a than_o a_o pigeon_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o bill_n be_v white_a from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v also_o white_a under_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o under_o chap_n it_o be_v of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n between_o the_o leg_n be_v red_a the_o outer_a web_n of_o the_o tail-feather_n to_o the_o shaft_n be_v of_o a_o flame-colour_n towards_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n the_o edge_n of_o all_o the_o feather_n be_v dark_a or_o blackish_a the_o outmost_a flag-feather_n be_v bluish_a the_o exterior_a border_n of_o the_o tail-end_n be_v bluish_a a_o dark_a spot_n cover_v the_o ear_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a §._o vi_o *_o the_o red_n and_o blue_a parrot_n of_o aldrovandus_n this_o bird_n be_v nine_o inch_n long_o sufficient_o corpulent_a the_o bill_n not_o so_o great_a as_o in_o the_o precedent_n blackish_a the_o head_n neck_n and_o breast_n be_v blue_a the_o top_n of_o the_o crown_n remarkable_a for_o a_o yellow_a spot_n the_o region_n of_o the_o eye_n white_a the_o pupil_n black_a the_o iris_n dusky_a the_o side_n of_o the_o belly_n under_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n yellow_a the_o belly_n green_a the_o thigh_n white_a with_o a_o shadow_n of_o green_a the_o rump_n yellow_a the_o top_n of_o the_o back_n of_o a_o pale_a blue_a the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n particoloured_a of_o green_a yellow_a and_o rosy_a the_o end_n of_o the_o back_n or_o region_n of_o the_o loin_n yellowish_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o rose-colour_n or_o bluish_a §._o vii_o aldrovandus_n his_o ash-coloured_a or_o bluish_a parrot_n this_o according_a to_o aldrovandus_n be_v ten_o inch_n long_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o tame_a pigeon_n or_o the_o common_a green_a parrot_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a the_o nostril_n near_o to_o one_o another_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bill_n next_o to_o the_o head_n which_o part_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o naked_a white_a skin_n we_o afterward_o observe_v the_o same_o figure_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o nostril_n in_o all_o other_o parrot_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v of_o a_o uniform_a colour_n viz._n a_o dark_a cinereous_a yet_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n and_o belly_n and_o the_o rump_n be_v pale_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n and_o almost_o white_a the_o tail_n be_v red_a of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n very_o short_a and_o scarce_o reach_v further_o than_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o region_n of_o the_o eye_n side_n of_o the_o head_n round_o the_o eye_n be_v white_a and_o bare_a of_o feather_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v short_a than_o the_o other_o they_o say_v that_o all_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v bring_v from_o mina_n a_o indian_a city_n of_o st._n george_n we_o have_v see_v many_o of_o they_o at_o london_n §._o viii_o *_o the_o red_n and_o white_a parrot_n of_o aldrovandus_n it_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o indifferent_a great_a capon_n seventeen_o inch_n long_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n thick_a the_o whole_a body_n white_a but_o moderate_o shade_v with_o dusky_a so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v ash-coloured_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v black_a the_o hook_a part_n be_v long_o than_o in_o other_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o back_n the_o rump_n the_o whole_a tail_n and_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n miniaceo_fw-la colore_fw-la the_o foot_n as_o in_o other_o blackish_a in_o bigness_n of_o body_n it_o give_v not_o place_n to_o that_o great_a sort_n which_o be_v less_o vocal_a call_v maccaws_n in_o this_o only_o it_o be_v inferior_a to_o they_o that_o it_o have_v a_o short_a tail_n for_o which_o cause_n notwithstanding_o its_o magnitude_n we_o have_v place_v it_o in_o this_o classis_fw-la or_o rank_fw-la §._o ix_o *_o marggravius_n his_o middle-sized_a parrot_n the_o first_o species_n call_v ajurucurau_n be_v a_o very_a elegant_a bird_n above_o the_o bill_n on_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o tuft_n or_o cop_z of_o a_o lovely_a blue_a the_o throat_n side_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v clothe_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o delicate_a yellow_a the_o whole_a body_n of_o pleasant_a green_a in_o brief_a it_o be_v elegant_o variegated_a the_o tail_n be_v green_a but_o when_o it_o spread_v it_o appear_v edge_v or_o fringe_v with_o black_a red_z and_o blue_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o ash-coloour_a the_o bill_n more_o dusky_a the_o eye_n black_a with_o a_o golden_a circle_n about_o the_o pupil_n the_o tongue_n of_o all_o be_v broad_a and_o thick_a the_o second_o species_n be_v like_a to_o the_o former_a a_o little_a differ_v in_o the_o variegation_n of_o the_o colour_n viz._n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o yellow_a cop_z wherewith_o white_a be_v mingle_v above_o the_o eye_n and_o under_o the_o throat_n it_o be_v of_o a_o clear_a or_o bright_a yellow_a about_o the_o upper_a bill_n be_v a_o sea-green_a spot_n the_o three_o species_n call_v ajurucuruca_n have_v a_o tuft_n on_o its_o head_n of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o blue_a and_o a_o little_a black_a and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tuft_n a_o yellow_a spot_n below_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o yellow_a and_o on_o the_o throat_n a_o blue_a spot_n the_o breast_n be_v green_a as_o be_v also_o the_o wing_n and_o back_o but_o somewhat_o deep_o or_o dark_a the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o tail_n again_o be_v more_o dilute_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing-feather_n be_v yellow_a and_o red_a mingle_v with_o blue_a the_o tail_n underneath_o be_v particoloured_a of_o green_a and_o yellow_a above_o of_o a_o pale_a green_a the_o leg_n of_o a_o bluish_a ash-colour_n the_o bill_n above_o cinereous_a in_o the_o extremity_n black_a the_o claw_n black_a paragua_n be_v a_o black_a parrot_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o ajurucariu_n the_o breast_n back_o and_o anteriour_a half_n of_o the_o belly_n remarkable_o red_a the_o eye_n black_a encompass_v with_o a_o red_a circle_n or_o iris_n the_o bill_n dusky_a or_o of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o tarabe_n of_o the_o brasilian_n be_v a_o green_a parrot_n big_a than_o a_o paragua_n with_o a_o red_a head_n and_o breast_n of_o which_o colour_n be_v also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o beak_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n ajurucatinga_fw-mi of_o the_o brasilian_n be_v a_o parrot_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o handsome_a pullet_n all_o green_a with_o red_a eye_n and_o the_o skin_n about_o the_o eye_n white_a the_o bill_n and_o leg_n white_a it_o have_v a_o long_a green_a tail_n this_o in_o colour_n and_o length_n of_o the_o tail_n agree_v with_o the_o parakeet_n but_o differ_v from_o it_o in_o bigness_n ajurupara_n agree_v in_o all_o respect_n with_o the_o precedent_n only_o it_o be_v less_o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o parrot_n call_v parrakeet_n §._o i._o *_o the_o ring-parrakeet_a or_o psittacus_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n aldrov_n this_o be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o parrot_n bring_v out_o of_o india_n into_o europe_n and_o the_o only_a one_o know_v to_o the_o ancient_n for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a to_o the_o age_n of_o nero_n by_o who_o searcher_n as_o pliny_n witness_v parrot_n be_v discover_v elsewhere_o viz._n in_o gagaude_n a_o island_n of_o aethiopia_n it_o be_v fourteen_o inch_n long_o have_v
a_o thick_a bill_n all_o over_o red_a a_o yellow_a iris_n or_o circle_n encompass_n the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v as_o in_o most_o bird_n black_a the_o head_n and_o all_o the_o body_n beside_o be_v green_a but_o the_o neck_n breast_n and_o whole_a underside_n more_o dilute_a or_o pale_a the_o upper_a side_n deeper-coloured_n from_o the_o low_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n under_o the_o chin_n a_o black_a line_n be_v draw_v downward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o breast_n which_o then_o divide_v and_o go_v away_o to_o each_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n till_o it_o meet_v with_o that_o red_a circle_n or_o ring_n which_o compass_v the_o backside_n of_o the_o neck_n this_o ring_n be_v behind_o of_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o little_a finger_n but_o grow_v narrow_a by_o degree_n towards_o the_o side_n the_o belly_n be_v of_o so_o faint_a a_o green_a that_o it_o seem_v almost_o to_o be_v yellow_a the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n next_o the_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a dusky_a green_a about_o the_o middle_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n distinguish_v with_o a_o red_a mark_n the_o tail_n which_o be_v about_o two_o palm_n long_o be_v also_o of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n ash-coloured_a whence_o solinus_n do_v not_o right_o affirm_v that_o it_o have_v no_o difference_n of_o colour_n but_o only_o the_o ring_n of_o red_a about_o the_o neck_n nor_o apuleius_n that_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v red_a extimas_fw-la palmulas_fw-la rubere_fw-la they_o be_v cinereous_a unless_o we_o can_v think_v they_o describe_v another_o bird_n of_o this_o sort_n §._o ii_o *_o the_o whole_o green_a parrakeet_n of_o aldrovandus_n this_o be_v of_o equal_a length_n with_o the_o former_a but_o less-bodied_n be_v not_o big_a than_o a_o throstle_n or_o mavis_n the_o bill_n be_v red_a especial_o the_o upper_a part_n for_o the_o point_n edge_n acies_fw-la and_o low_a part_n be_v blackish_a the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n black_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o a_o red_a and_o saffron_n colour_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o pleasant_a grass-green_a yet_o the_o belly_n more_o pale_a the_o master-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o a_o deep_a colour_n the_o tail_n narrow_a end_v almost_o in_o a_o point_n near_o nine_o inch_n long_o the_o foot_n and_o leg_n of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o all_o other_o parrot_n viz._n a_o red_a or_o flesh-colour_n carneous_a this_o be_v peculiarly_a by_o a_o distinct_a name_n call_v scincialo_n in_o hispaniola_n a_o island_n of_o america_n where_o it_o be_v find_v the_o italian_n for_o its_o small_a stature_n and_o bulk_n call_v it_o parochino_n and_o the_o frenchman_n as_o bellonius_fw-la say_v perroquet_n the_o red_a and_o yellow_a or_o pale_a green_a parrakeet_n of_o aldrovandus_n describe_v by_o the_o picture_n thereof_o send_v with_o many_o other_o out_o of_o japan_n to_o pope_n i_o suspect_v to_o be_v fictitious_a at_o least_o in_o many_o particular_n as_o be_v doubtless_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o picture_n therefore_o i_o have_v omit_v it_o refer_v the_o reader_n who_o desire_v further_a knowledge_n of_o it_o to_o aldrovandus_n §._o iii_o *_o the_o crest_a red_a and_o green_a parrot_n of_o aldrovandus_n the_o wing_n tail_n and_o crest_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v red_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n green_fw-mi it_o be_v crest_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o crest_a parrot_n above_o describe_v it_o have_v very_o fair_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n and_o red_a iris._n the_o crest_n consist_v of_o six_o feather_n three_o great_a and_o as_o many_o less_o §._o iv._o *_o marggravius_n his_o parrakeet_n call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n tui_fw-la the_o first_o species_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swallow_n all_o over_o green_a have_v a_o very_a long_o long_a tail_n and_o a_o black_a hook_a bill_n this_o may_v be_v the_o second_o sort_n the_o second_o species_n call_v tuiaputejuba_n be_v also_o all_o over_o green_a the_o wing_n dark_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n pale_a save_o the_o belly_n which_o be_v yellowish_a the_o tail_n be_v very_o long_o the_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o same_o bigness_n with_o the_o former_a have_v great_a blackish_a eye_n a_o circle_n of_o yellow_a feather_n about_o the_o eye_n and_o above_o the_o bill_n which_o be_v black_a and_o hook_a on_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o great_a spot_n of_o orange-coloured_n feather_n the_o three_o call_v tuitirica_fw-la be_v somewhat_o big_a than_o those_o of_o guiny_n of_o a_o green_a colour_n all_o over_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v deep_a in_o the_o back_n and_o wing_n pale_a in_o the_o other_o part_n the_o bill_n crooked_a of_o a_o carnation_n colour_n the_o eye_n black_a the_o foot_n bluish_a the_o tail_n reach_v a_o little_a beyond_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n these_o become_v very_o tame_a so_o that_o they_o will_v take_v meat_n out_o of_o one_o mouth_n and_o permit_v one_o to_o stroke_n and_o handle_v they_o they_o learn_v also_o to_o talk_v like_o parrot_n the_o four_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o stare_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o second_o species_n but_o have_v a_o short_a tail_n the_o five_o call_v jendaya_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o blackbird_n or_o throstle_n have_v a_o black_a bill_n and_o leg_n black_a eye_n with_o a_o golden_a iris_n or_o circle_n encompass_v the_o pupil_n outward_o white_a the_o back_n wing_n and_o tail_n as_o also_o the_o low_a belly_n be_v cover_v with_o green_a feather_n with_o which_o a_o sea-colour_n be_v mingle_v the_o outside_n extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n black_a the_o whole_a head_n neck_n and_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n partly_o deep_o and_o partly_o pale_a the_o six_o call_v tuiete_a be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o light_n green_a but_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o a_o bright_a blue_a the_o border_n also_o of_o all_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v blue_a so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v close_v these_o border_n altogether_o make_v a_o appearance_n of_o a_o long_a green_a stroke_n near_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o wing_n in_o the_o back_n also_o at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o tail_n there_o be_v a_o blue_a spot_n the_o tail_n be_v short_a the_o bill_n hook_v of_o a_o carnation_n colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n cinereous_a the_o seven_o call_v tuipara_n by_o the_o tupinambi_n be_v also_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n and_o all_o over_o of_o a_o pale_a green_a the_o tail_n short_a so_o that_o it_o end_v with_o the_o wing_n be_v equal_o extend_v the_o bill_n of_o a_o carnation_n colour_n the_o leg_n grey_a or_o grisled_a near_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o bill_n in_o the_o forehead_n it_o have_v a_o scarlet_a spot_n of_o a_o semilunar_a figure_n as_o it_o be_v a_o crown_n the_o follow_a word_n corrupt_v i_o suppose_v by_o the_o error_n of_o the_o transcriber_n or_o printer_n not_o understanding_n i_o have_v omit_v they_o build_v in_o ant-heap_n leave_v by_o the_o ant_n which_o be_v find_v in_o tree_n anaca_n of_o the_o brasilian_n be_v again_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n it_o be_v bill_n dusky_a and_o hook_a the_o feather_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o liver-colour_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o head_n about_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o brown_a the_o throat_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o neck_n above_o and_o the_o side_n green_a the_o belly_n have_v red_a brown_a feather_n the_o back_n be_v green_a and_o have_v a_o spot_n of_o a_o light_n brown_a the_o tail_n be_v also_o of_o a_o dilute_a brown_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v a_o crimson_a spot_n or_o border_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o wing_n green_a the_o end_n only_o of_o a_o sea-water_n colour_n the_o leg_n above_o cover_v with_o green_a feather_n below_o bare_a and_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n have_v black_a claw_n in_o fine_a it_o be_v a_o very_a elegant_a bird_n quijubatui_n be_v all_o yellow_a of_o the_o bigness_n of_o tuiapara_n with_o a_o hook_a grey_a bill_n and_o black_a eye_n the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a green_a the_o tail_n long_o and_o yellow_a it_o easy_o become_v very_o tame_a §._o v._o the_o scarlet_a parakeeto_n with_o green_a and_o black_a wing_n it_o be_v big_a than_o a_o blackbird_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n green_a the_o prime_a feather_n black_a have_v their_o exterior_a web_n green_a above_o and_o of_o a_o crimson_a colour_n underneath_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n yellow_a the_o tail_n a_o palm_n long_o consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n who_o low_a half_n be_v red_a the_o upper_a be_v green_a or_o yellow_a the_o bill_n yellow_a very_o much_o hook_v hang_v down_o
care_n and_o industry_n bring_v one_o alive_a as_o far_o as_o amsterdam_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o choice_a yet_o may_v have_v be_v sell_v for_o one_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o florin_n or_o gilder_n of_o that_o province_n that_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o seventy_o dollar_n as_o i_o find_v record_v in_o the_o diary_n of_o that_o voyage_n that_o bird_n by_o the_o way_n have_v learned_a to_o pronounce_v many_o holland_n word_n which_o it_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o mariner_n and_o its_o master_n have_v make_v it_o so_o tame_a that_o it_o will_v put_v its_o bill_n into_o his_o mouth_n and_o ear_n without_o do_v he_o any_o harm_n and_o will_v put_v in_o order_n the_o hair_n of_o his_o beard_n if_o discompose_v and_o if_o any_o one_o else_o offer_v to_o touch_v he_o it_o will_v present_o snap_v or_o peck_v at_o he_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v some_o dog_n furthermore_o say_v he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1605._o jacob_n plateau_n send_v i_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o certain_a parrot_n draw_v to_o the_o life_n in_o colour_n the_o like_a whereto_o see_v i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o see_v nor_o remember_v to_o have_v meet_v with_o any_o where_o describe_v i_o think_v fit_a to_o subjoin_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o print_v in_o this_o auctarium_fw-la to_o my_o history_n of_o exotics_n he_o write_v that_o he_o have_v keep_v it_o above_o two_o year_n that_o it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pigeon_n that_o it_o have_v a_o head_n almost_o like_o a_o hawk_n to_o wit_n cover_v with_o such_o colour_a feather_n sparkle_v eye_n the_o neck_n and_o breast_n be_v beset_v with_o particoloured_a feather_n which_o when_o it_o be_v angry_a or_o any_o one_o molest_v it_o by_o bring_v any_o animal_n near_o to_o the_o cage_n in_o which_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o it_o will_v set_v a_o end_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n crest_v those_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o in_o the_o outward_a part_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v round_o the_o border_n or_o edge_n of_o a_o most_o elegant_a blue_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v almost_o of_o like_a colour_n yet_o moreover_o cloud_v with_o dusky_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o back_o be_v green_a and_o the_o master-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n bluish_a the_o tail_n be_v compose_v of_o many_o green_a feather_n but_o not_o long_o i_o can_v not_o neglect_v to_o propose_v to_o the_o reader_n view_v a_o small_a sort_n of_o parrot_n bring_v these_o last_o year_n from_o aethiopia_n and_o the_o place_n border_v on_o manicongo_n by_o the_o holland_n skipper_n with_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o male_a but_o the_o female_a be_v much_o more_o elegant_a for_o there_o be_v one_o bring_v of_o both_o sex_n the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n be_v equal_a in_o bigness_n to_o a_o chaffinch_n that_o be_v be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o rump_n all_o the_o feather_n cover_v the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o green_a colour_n among_o which_o 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tail-feather_n of_o some_o green_a parrot_n of_o the_o great_a kind_n call_v maccaws_n but_o these_o feather_n be_v scarce_o see_v unless_o when_o she_o spread_v her_o tail_n because_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o other_o of_o the_o same_o length_n which_o be_v whole_o green_a the_o neck_n be_v short_a and_o thick_a the_o feather_n cover_v the_o head_n very_o short_a and_o green_a except_o those_o on_o the_o crown_n above_o the_o bill_n and_o on_o the_o whole_a throat_n for_o they_o be_v of_o a_o lovely_a florid_n red_a colour_n i_o speak_v of_o the_o male_a for_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o female_a be_v of_o a_o pale_a red_n and_o do_v not_o take_v up_o so_o large_a a_o space_n as_o in_o the_o male_n the_o eye_n be_v very_o black_a the_o bill_n thick_a and_o strong_a the_o upper_a chap_n hook_a and_o sharp-pointed_a as_o in_o other_o sort_n of_o parrot_n its_o colour_n red_a the_o leg_n short_a scarce_o attain_v the_o length_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n cover_v with_o ash-coloured_a scale_n as_o the_o foot_n of_o other_o common_a parrot_n and_o those_o divide_v into_o four_o toe_n of_o which_o two_o stand_v forward_o and_o be_v of_o unequal_a length_n two_o backward_a and_o they_o also_o unequal_a the_o short_a which_o be_v the_o inner_a have_v two_o joint_n the_o long_o which_o be_v the_o outer_a three_o the_o claw_n be_v white_a and_o of_o a_o good_a length_n i_o observe_v it_o to_o have_v a_o very_a small_a voice_n and_o only_o to_o peep_v like_o a_o chicken_n it_o delight_v in_o company_n when_o it_o eat_v it_o do_v not_o hold_v its_o meat_n in_o one_o foot_n like_o other_o parrot_n but_o pick_v up_o its_o meat_n with_o its_o bill_n by_o job_v but_o its_o meat_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v canary_n seed_n for_o i_o observe_v it_o to_o feed_v more_o willing_o upon_o that_o than_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o seed_n i_o see_v some_o that_o be_v so_o teach_v that_o they_o will_v pick_v up_o crumb_n of_o bread_n dip_v or_o moisten_v with_o water_n it_o be_v drink_n be_v water_n i_o observe_v further_o in_o this_o bird_n that_o the_o female_n when_o they_o grow_v old_a will_v scarce_o eat_v any_o meat_n but_o what_o have_v be_v pick_v up_o by_o the_o male_a and_o keep_v a_o while_n in_o his_o crop_n and_o there_o mollify_v or_o macerate_v the_o which_o they_o receive_v with_o their_o bill_n as_o young_a pigeon_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v feed_v and_o nourish_v by_o the_o old_a one_o §._o vii_o *_o bontius_n his_o small_a parrakeet_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n have_v a_o hook_a bill_n grey_a of_o colour_n as_o be_v also_o the_o throat_n black_a eye_n encompass_v with_o a_o silver_n circle_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o iris._n the_o tongue_n be_v like_o a_o parrot_n with_o solid_a ligament_n it_o can_v set_v up_o specious_a feather_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o its_o head_n like_o a_o crest_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n it_o have_v a_o very_a long_a tail_n reach_v about_o ten_o inch_n beyond_o the_o end_n of_o 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be_v also_o garrulous_a and_o learn_v to_o pronounce_v some_o word_n if_o they_o be_v keep_v tame_a §._o viii_o *_o marggravius_n his_o brasilian_n any_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o parrot_n this_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o throstle_n or_o mavis_n whole_o black_a wing_n bill_n eye_n and_o foot_n it_o have_v a_o long_a erect_v tail_n of_o six_o inch_n length_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v high_a broad_a a_o inch_n long_a or_o something_o more_o the_o low_a part_n almost_o straight_o the_o upper_a high_a broad_a of_o a_o semilunar_a figure_n and_o compress_a so_o that_o above_o it_o be_v almost_o edge_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n slender_a
rest_n of_o the_o tail-feather_n be_v of_o a_o shine_a black_a the_o foot_n and_o claw_n be_v black_a the_o outmost_a toe_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a at_o the_o bottom_n it_o have_v a_o gall_n its_o gut_n be_v eighteen_o inch_n long_o the_o blind_a gut_n half_a a_o inch_n the_o testicle_n small_a it_o feed_v on_o nut_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v a_o note_n or_o voice_n something_o like_o a_o magpie_n we_o find_v this_o bird_n in_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o austria_n near_o the_o way_n lead_v from_o vienna_n to_o venice_n not_o far_o from_o a_o great_a village_n call_v schadwyen_v where_o there_o be_v a_o very_a steep_a difficult_a and_o craggy_a ascent_n up_o the_o neighbour_a mountain_n whereupon_o there_o stand_v always_o ready_a there_o certain_a yoke_n of_o ox_n to_o draw_v the_o coach_n or_o wagon_n of_o such_o as_o travel_v that_o way_n up_o the_o craggy_a cliff_n and_o rock_n which_o horse_n can_v not_o at_o all_o or_o with_o great_a difficulty_n climb_v and_o struggle_v through_o draw_v a_o coach_n after_o they_o §._o vii_o *_o the_o bohemian_a chatterer_n garrulus_fw-la bohemicus_fw-la 17._o aldrov_n eidem_fw-la ampelis_fw-la it_o be_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o a_o blackbird_n but_o big_a than_o the_o coccothranstes_n hawfinch_n it_o be_v length_n from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n nine_o inch_n its_o breadth_n viz._n the_o wing_n be_v spread_v four_o palm_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o gesner_n be_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o write_v that_o for_o shape_n and_o size_n of_o body_n and_o colour_n it_o approach_v to_o the_o common_a garrulus_fw-la it_o be_v bill_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a black_a of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o house-sparrow_n gesner_n figure_n represent_v it_o too_o long_o and_o too_o crooked_a the_o nostril_n be_v encompass_v with_o hair_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n which_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o transverse_a black_a spot_n in_o which_o be_v include_v the_o eye_n that_o be_v round_o and_o of_o a_o most_o beautiful_a colour_n to_o wit_n vermilion_a resemble_v that_o of_o the_o chalcedonian_a carbuncle_n common_o call_v the_o granate_n which_o perchance_o give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o believe_v that_o they_o shine_v in_o the_o night_n it_o be_v head_n be_v after_o a_o sort_n compress_v be_v by_o gesner_n represent_v too_o round_o of_o a_o chestnut_n or_o ferrugineous_a colour_n adorn_v with_o a_o crest_n or_o tuft_n bend_v backward_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o crest_a lark_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o crest_n towards_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o delay_a chestnut_n but_o backward_o cinereous_a incline_v to_o dusky_a not_o unlike_a to_o the_o colour_n of_o painter_n umber_n the_o neck_n be_v short_a black_a in_o the_o fore_n and_o hind_a part_n red_z on_o the_o side_n near_o the_o bill_n white_a the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o chestnut_n or_o ferrugineous_a colour_n but_o dilute_a and_o incline_v to_o rosy_a the_o whole_a belly_n be_v ash-coloured_a except_o towards_o the_o vent_n where_o be_v some_o white_a feather_n who_o root_n or_o low_a part_n v_o g._n from_o the_o middle_n to_o the_o flesh_n be_v black_a and_o soft_a than_o their_o upper_a part_n the_o back_n incline_v to_o a_o chestnut_n or_o bay_n but_o towards_o the_o rump_n it_o be_v cinereous_a or_o dun_a the_o outer_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a the_o inner_a ash-coloured_a but_o decline_v to_o black_a the_o outer_a wing-feather_n be_v mark_v with_o spot_n very_o pleasant_a to_o behold_v some_o of_o these_o feather_n viz._n the_o first_o seven_o in_o number_n be_v white_a their_o appendix_n be_v red_a like_o to_o cinnabar_fw-la or_o vermilion_n gesner_n be_v tell_v by_o a_o certain_a person_n i_o know_v not_o who_o but_o untrue_o that_o these_o feather_n be_v horny_a i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v their_o shaft_n yet_o be_v they_o pretty_a hard_a and_o solid_a long_a and_o after_o a_o sort_n cartilagineous_a to_o these_o succeed_v other_o feather_n adorn_v in_o like_a manner_n with_o spot_n but_o of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a resemble_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o letter_n l_o which_o be_v so_o dispose_v that_o in_o some_o feather_n appear_v seven_o in_o some_o six_o and_o in_o some_o but_o five_o only_o again_o the_o last_o feather_n have_v white_a spot_n which_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o outside_n by_o so_o much_o do_v they_o become_v less_o conspicuous_a so_o that_o of_o the_o last_o feather_n of_o all_o sometime_o three_o sometime_o two_o and_o sometime_o only_o one_o be_v so_o spot_a the_o covert_a feather_n be_v also_o tip_v with_o white_a concern_v the_o yellow_a spot_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o the_o female_n they_o be_v white_a and_o that_o over_o against_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v other_o white_a spot_n i_o have_v learn_v by_o inspection_n that_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o cock_n consist_v of_o ten_o feather_n only_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o hen_n of_o twelve_o which_o near_o their_o root_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a or_o mouse_n dun_a but_o above_o be_v black_a the_o end_n of_o the_o whole_a tail_n be_v yellow_a but_o more_o resplendent_a in_o the_o male_a than_o in_o the_o female_a near_o the_o vent_n be_v some_o other_o feather_n of_o a_o chesnut-colour_n make_v as_o it_o be_v another_o tail_n but_o far_o less_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v dusky_a incline_v to_o blue_a the_o shape_n and_o bigness_n of_o the_o foot_n answer_v to_o those_o of_o a_o coccothranstle_n hawfinch_n the_o colour_n differ_v be_v black_a in_o the_o garrulus_fw-la flesh_n or_o rose-coloured_n in_o the_o hawfinch_n it_o have_v black_a and_o crooked_a claw_n see_v the_o description_n of_o the_o entrail_n and_o bowel_n in_o aldrovandus_n this_o bird_n be_v say_v to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o bohemia_n it_o feed_v upon_o fruit_n especial_o grape_n of_o which_o it_o be_v very_o greedy_a wherefore_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o not_o without_o reason_n to_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n ampelis_fw-la it_o be_v a_o bird_n of_o a_o very_a hot_a temperament_n and_o exceed_o voracious_a fly_v in_o company_n and_o be_v easy_o tame_v what_o else_o aldrovandus_n have_v of_o its_o disposition_n and_o manner_n food_n flight_n use_n etc._n etc._n see_v in_o his_o ornithology_n it_o be_v wonderful_a and_o to_o i_o scarce_o credible_a what_o he_o say_v he_o learn_v by_o 〈◊〉_d ocular_a experience_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o cock_n be_v make_v up_o of_o ten_o feather_n the_o tail_n of_o the_o hen_n of_o twelve_o chap._n iu._n of_o woodpecker_n in_o general_n to_o woodpecker_n if_o under_o this_o name_n we_o comprehend_v the_o nuthatch_n the_o wall-creeper_n the_o great_a reed-sparrow_n and_o the_o ox-eye_n creeper_n there_o be_v very_o few_o note_n common_a viz._n to_o climb_v or_o run_v up_o tree_n stick_v to_o their_o body_n or_o bough_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n to_o have_v strong_a and_o musculous_a thigh_n but_o if_o we_o exexclude_v the_o foresay_a bird_n and_o restrain_v the_o name_n to_o woodspite_n proper_o so_o call_v there_o be_v many_o and_o remarkable_a note_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o bird_n as_o for_o example_n 1._o to_o have_v a_o straight_a hard_a strong_a angular_a and_o sharp_a bill_n very_o fit_a and_o proper_a to_o pierce_v and_o bear_v hole_n in_o tree_n 2._o a_o tongue_n of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n round_o end_v in_o a_o sharp_a stiff_a bony_a thorn_n dent_v on_o each_o side_n to_o strike_v ant_n cossi_n and_o other_o infect_v withal_o this_o tongue_n they_o can_v at_o pleasure_n put_v forth_o to_o a_o great_a length_n thrust_v it_o deep_a into_o the_o cranny_n hole_n and_o cleft_n of_o tree_n to_o stab_v and_o draw_v out_o infect_v lurk_v there_o 3._o short_a leg_n but_o very_o strong_a 4._o toe_n stand_v two_o forward_o and_o two_o backward_o which_o be_v common_a to_o these_o and_o parrot_n such_o a_o disposition_n of_o toe_n as_o aldrovandus_n right_o note_n nature_n or_o rather_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o creator_n have_v grant_v to_o woodpecker_n because_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o climb_n of_o tree_n their_o toe_n also_o be_v close_o join_v together_o that_o they_o may_v more_o strong_o and_o firm_o lie_v hold_v on_o the_o tree_n they_o climb_v upon_o 5._o all_o of_o they_o unless_o perchance_o you_o except_v the_o wryneck_n have_v a_o hard_a stiff_a tail_n bend_v also_o downward_o and_o its_o feather_n end_n often_o break_v and_o their_o shaft_n almost_o bare_a on_o which_o they_o lean_v and_o so_o bear_v up_o themselves_o in_o climb_v their_o tail_n consist_v of_o but_o ten_o feather_n 6._o to_o feed_v only_o upon_o infect_v 7._o to_o want_v the_o blind_a gut_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o kind_n agree_v to_o no_o other_o bird_n or_o beast_n beside_o
it_o feed_v not_o only_o upon_o infect_v but_o also_o upon_o nut-kernel_n it_o be_v a_o pretty_a spectacle_n to_o see_v she_o fetch_v a_o nut_n out_o of_o her_o hoard_n place_v it_o fast_o in_o a_o chink_n and_o then_o stand_v above_o it_o with_o its_o head_n downward_o strike_v it_o with_o all_o its_o force_n break_v the_o shell_n and_o catch_v up_o the_o kernel_n this_o bird_n be_v by_o aristotle_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o make_v two_o kind_n of_o it_o a_o great_a and_o a_o lesser_a gaza_n retain_v the_o same_o name_n call_z it_o in_o latin_a sitta_n late_a writer_n style_v it_o picus_n cinereus_fw-la i._n e._n the_o ash-coloured_a woodpecker_n because_o like_o they_o it_o climb_v and_o run_v up_o the_o body_n and_o bough_n of_o tree_n it_o be_v call_v by_o some_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o move_v and_o flirt_v up_o the_o tail_n §._o ii_o *_o the_o wall-creeper_n or_o spider-catcher_n picus_n murarius_fw-la aldrov_n l._n 12._o c._n 37._o it_o be_v somewhat_o big_a than_o a_o house-sparrow_n almost_o as_o large_a as_o a_o stare_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v best_a see_v when_o the_o wing_n be_v spread_v it_o have_v a_o long_a slender_a black_a bill_n the_o head_n neck_n and_o back_o cinereous_a the_o breast_n white_a the_o wing_n partly_o cinereous_a partly_o red_a viz._n towards_o the_o belly_n the_o tail_n short_a the_o long_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n the_o belly_n and_o leg_n which_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o woodpecker_n be_v short_a black_a the_o toe_n long_o three_o stand_v forward_o and_o one_o backward_o though_o bellonius_fw-la attribute_n to_o it_o two_o fore-toe_n and_o so_o many_o back_n one_o wherefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suspect_v that_o either_o he_o know_v not_o the_o wall-creeper_n or_o else_o set_v forth_o one_o different_a from_o we_o which_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o description_n he_o give_v of_o it_o agree_v exact_o to_o our_o bird._n thus_o far_o aldrovandus_n who_o write_v that_o this_o bird_n be_v frequent_a and_o obvious_a enough_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n in_o fly_v like_o to_o the_o hoopoe_n almost_o always_o shake_v its_o wing_n like_o that_o never_o rest_v in_o one_o place_n by_o late_a writer_n it_o be_v call_v picus_n murarius_fw-la because_o as_o woodpecker_n cling_v to_o tree_n and_o hang_v on_o they_o so_o this_o stick_n to_o all_o wall_n especial_o those_o of_o tower_n and_o seek_v infect_v in_o their_o chink_n whence_o in_o wintertime_n it_o be_v often_o see_v in_o city_n it_o be_v a_o brisk_a and_o cheerful_a bird_n and_o have_v a_o pleasant_a note_n it_o fly_v alone_o and_o sometime_o two_o in_o company_n it_o build_v its_o nest_n in_o the_o hole_n of_o tree_n they_o say_v it_o be_v find_v in_o england_n but_o we_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o have_v the_o hap_n to_o meet_v with_o it_o §._o iii_o the_o great_a reed-sparrow_n junco_n aldrov_n cinclus_n turneri_fw-la the_o cock_n which_o we_o describe_v be_v for_o bigness_n not_o much_o inferior_a to_o a_o thrush_n the_o bill_n be_v great_a somewhat_o crooked_a from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a chap_n of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n the_o low_a whitish_a the_o tongue_n cleave_v and_o divide_v into_o many_o filament_n the_o inside_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a or_o saffron_n colour_n the_o nostril_n be_v round_o and_o great_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o red_a hazel_n colour_n not_o far_o from_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n in_o the_o upper_a mandible_a grow_v four_o or_o five_o black_a hair_n the_o throat_n belly_n and_o breast_n be_v white_a with_o a_o kind_n of_o yellowish_a tincture_n more_o yellow_a about_o the_o vent_n the_o supine_n or_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o dusky_a yellowish_a colour_n above_o each_o eye_n be_v a_o whitish_a line_n the_o number_n of_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v eighteen_o the_o plumage_n cover_v the_o root_n of_o these_o feather_n underneath_o be_v yellow_a the_o tail_n be_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o i_o mean_v the_o middle_a feather_n for_o the_o extreme_a be_v but_o two_o and_o three_o quarter_n they_o have_v a_o strong_a shaft_n and_o be_v stiff_a like_o those_o of_o a_o woodpecker_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v great_a strong_a and_o musculous_a which_o be_v especial_o remarkable_a in_o this_o bird_n it_o have_v but_o one_o back-toe_n which_o towards_o the_o root_n or_o rise_v of_o it_o be_v broad_a and_o torose_a the_o outer_a fore-toe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a at_o the_o bottom_n it_o have_v a_o yellow_a gall_n large_a testicle_n a_o short_a breastbone_n than_o woodspite_v short_a blind_a gut_n reed-beetle_n in_o the_o stomach_n it_o be_v always_o conversant_a among_o reed_n and_o sing_v sweet_o it_o stick_v to_o and_o climb_v up_o reed_n as_o woodpecker_n do_v up_o tree_n the_o alcedo_n vocalis_fw-la of_o bellonius_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o either_o with_o this_o or_o the_o lesser_a species_n the_o description_n whereof_o see_v in_o aldrovandus_n lib._n 20._o cap._n 62._o §._o iv._o the_o lesser_a reed-sparrow_n a_o cannevarola_n aldrovandus_n an_fw-mi ficedula_fw-la cannabina_fw-la olinae_fw-la it_o be_v equal_a to_o or_o somewhat_o less_o than_o a_o redstart_n it_o creep_v and_o sing_v among_o reed_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v five_o inch_n three_o quarter_n from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n extend_v eight_o inch_n the_o bill_n measure_v from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o the_o low_a chap_n almost_o white_a the_o upper_a blackish_a the_o mouth_n within_o yellow_a the_o tongue_n cleave_v and_o divide_v into_o filament_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o back_n towards_o the_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a olive_n or_o dusky_a green_a towards_o the_o head_n more_o cinereous_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v white_a the_o throat_n and_o low_a belly_n have_v a_o mixture_n of_o yellow_a the_o side_n be_v of_o a_o dirty_a greenish_a colour_n the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n eighteen_o of_o which_o the_o second_o be_v the_o long_a they_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n as_o in_o the_o redstart_n and_o other_o small_a bird_n the_o tail_n be_v 2⅛_n inch_n long_o and_o compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o sole_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o greenish_a yellow_a the_o outmost_a toe_n adhere_v to_o the_o middlemost_a below_n as_o in_o other_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n in_o this_o bird_n be_v great_a than_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n seem_v to_o require_v the_o female_a differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o from_o the_o male_n annot._n this_o bird_n i_o buy_v in_o the_o market_n at_o florence_n where_o they_o call_v it_o beccasigo_n which_o name_n they_o give_v to_o many_o small_a bird_n that_o feed_v fat_a i_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o describe_v and_o figure_v in_o olina_n by_o the_o title_n of_o beccasigo_n cannabino_n my_o description_n differ_v something_o from_o this_o of_o mr._n willughby_n but_o not_o considerable_o viz._n the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a green_a incline_n to_o yellow_a which_o just_a above_o the_o tail_n be_v more_o yellow_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o mouse-dun_a have_v their_o edge_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n the_o tail_n when_o spread_v terminate_v in_o a_o circular_a circumference_n the_o breast_n belly_n and_o throat_n be_v white_a dash_v with_o yellow_a the_o bill_n long_o straight_o flat_a or_o depress_v the_o low_a chap_n of_o a_o horn-colour_n the_o upper_a more_o dusky_a but_o not_o black_a the_o leg_n long_o and_o of_o a_o light_n blue_a with_o a_o little_a dash_n of_o yellow_a the_o mouth_n within_o yellow_a the_o sole_n of_o the_o foot_n yellow_a it_o be_v common_a in_o the_o low_a country_n among_o the_o reed_n another_o bird_n of_o this_o name_n but_o different_a in_o kind_n we_o shall_v describe_v afterward_o §._o v._o the_o creeper_n certhia_n it_o be_v a_o very_a small_a bird_n scarce_o big_a than_o the_o copped_a wren_n it_o have_v a_o long_a slender_a sharp_a bill_n bend_v downward_o like_o a_o bow_n the_o upper_a chap_n of_o a_o dark_a colour_n the_o nether_a white_a at_o the_o base_a and_o black_a at_o the_o tip_n the_o tongue_n not_o long_a than_o the_o bill_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o woodspite_n yet_o hard_a and_o stiff_a at_o the_o point_n and_o sharp_a like_o a_o goad_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o dark_a hazel_n
be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n on_o the_o side_n ferrugineous_a near_o the_o shaft_n adorn_v with_o black_a spot_n in_o the_o long_a feather_n in_o both_o web_n opposite_a one_o to_o another_o in_o the_o lesser_a in_o one_o web_n only_o or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o mark_n in_o the_o interior_a web_n it_o be_v more_o obscure_a and_o scarce_o observable_a the_o wing_n close_v be_v nine_o inch_n long_o spread_v inch_n eighteen_o inch_n broad_a the_o wing-feather_n that_o be_v next_o the_o body_n be_v variegated_a with_o the_o same_o colour_n as_o those_o on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n the_o subsequent_a be_v like_a those_o on_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n yet_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n resemble_v those_o of_o the_o common_a partridge_n who_o colour_n the_o prime_a feather_n or_o quill_n of_o the_o wing_n do_v almost_o exact_o represent_v viz._n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n and_o all_o over_o spot_v with_o whitish_a spot_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n whereabout_o the_o gizzard_n lie_v and_o that_o part_n thereof_o which_o the_o wing_n cover_v glister_n with_o the_o same_o colour_n wherewith_o the_o neck_n be_v beautify_v but_o more_o obscure_a and_o the_o feather_n here_o be_v much_o big_a near_o the_o vent_n and_o on_o the_o thigh_n it_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a ferrugineous_a the_o leg_n foot_n toe_n and_o claw_n be_v of_o a_o horn_n colour_n yet_o the_o toe_n and_o claw_n be_v dark_a than_o the_o leg_n a_o thick_a membrane_n and_o perchance_o not_o unfit_a for_o swim_v connect_v the_o toe_n the_o like_a whereto_o that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v not_o find_v in_o any_o other_o pulveratricious_a bird_n the_o leg_n be_v arm_v with_o spur_n short_a than_o in_o a_o cock_n but_o sharp_a and_o of_o a_o black_a colour_n the_o hen_n be_v nothing_o so_o beautiful_a as_o the_o cock_n almost_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o quail_n it_o live_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o feed_v upon_o acorn_n berry_n grain_n and_o seed_n of_o plant_n it_o frequent_v rather_o coppice_n wood_n than_o where_o there_o be_v only_a timber-tree_n the_o book_n of_o all_o writer_n of_o animal_n ancient_a and_o modern_a celebrate_v the_o pheasant_n for_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o flesh_n assign_v to_o it_o the_o first_o place_n among_o bird_n at_o table_n physician_n make_v it_o the_o standard_n wherewith_o they_o compare_v and_o according_o judge_v of_o the_o temperament_n and_o goodness_n of_o other_o meat_n say_v longolin_n as_o he_o be_v cite_v by_o aldrov_n aldrovandus_n by_o many_o argument_n prove_v that_o pheasant_n be_v better_a meat_n than_o pullen_n which_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v may_v consult_v he_o in_o the_o thirteen_o book_n and_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o ornithology_n at_o last_o he_o thus_o conclude_v pheasant_n therefore_o as_o well_o because_o they_o be_v rare_a as_o because_o they_o be_v of_o a_o most_o delicate_a taste_n and_o yield_v so_o excellent_a a_o nourishment_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v seem_v to_o be_v bear_v only_o for_o great_a man_n table_n and_o have_v be_v always_o have_v in_o high_a esteem_n of_o all_o bird_n pheasant_n partridge_n quail_n and_o some_o other_o bird_n be_v take_v in_o great_a number_n with_o a_o net_n they_o call_v common_o net_n expegatorium_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o setting-dog_n train_v up_o for_o this_o sport_n who_o find_v out_o the_o bird_n and_o when_o he_o see_v they_o either_o stand_v still_o or_o lie_v down_o on_o his_o belly_n not_o go_v very_o near_o they_o lest_o he_o shall_v spring_v they_o but_o look_v back_o on_o the_o fowler_n his_o master_n wag_v his_o tail_n by_o which_o the_o fowler_n know_v that_o the_o bird_n be_v near_o the_o dog_n and_o so_o he_o and_o his_o companion_n run_v with_o the_o net_n and_o cover_v both_o bird_n and_o dog_n that_o all_o bird_n but_o particular_o pheasant_n partridge_n and_o quail_n be_v far_o more_o savoury_a and_o delicate_a when_o kill_v by_o a_o hawk_n than_o if_o they_o be_v catch_v in_o snare_n or_o by_o any_o other_o fraud_n many_o have_v write_v and_o most_o think_v and_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o by_o this_o mean_v their_o flesh_n become_v more_o short_a and_o tender_a for_o that_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n occasion_v by_o their_o flight_n and_o its_o fervent_a heat_n consequent_a thereupon_o macerate_v the_o flesh_n and_o dispose_v it_o to_o corruption_n but_o that_o it_o thence_o become_v more_o savoury_a and_o delicate_a all_o man_n now-adays_a be_v not_o agree_v but_o the_o old_a rule_n forbid_v i_o to_o dispute_v about_o taste_n boterus_n report_v that_o ireland_n want_v pheasant_n and_o partridge_n §._o ii_o the_o brasilian_n jacupema_n of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o pheasant_n something_o less_o than_o a_o pullet_n it_o be_v head_n be_v not_o great_a like_o a_o hen_n as_o be_v also_o the_o bill_n the_o eye_n be_v black_a the_o neck_n about_o seven_o inch_n long_o the_o length_n of_o the_o body_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o tail_n about_o nine_o inch_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v broad_a a_o whole_a foot_n the_o leg_n be_v long_o which_o he_o divide_v into_o upper_a and_o low_a the_o upper_a five_o inch_n long_o the_o low_a three_o or_o a_o little_a more_o in_o each_o foot_n four_o toe_n like_o those_o of_o hen_n of_o which_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o three_o foremost_a be_v two_o inch_n long_o the_o whole_a bird_n be_v clothe_v with_o black_a feather_n with_o which_o something_o of_o brown_a be_v mix_v the_o feather_n of_o its_o head_n it_o can_v erect_v in_o form_n of_o a_o crest_n and_o those_o black_a feather_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v those_o on_o the_o head_n which_o make_v the_o tuft_n or_o crest_n be_v encompass_v with_o other_o white_a one_o the_o throat_n under_o the_o head_n and_o for_o a_o inch_n and_o half_o down_o the_o neck_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o red_a skin_n the_o whole_a neck_n below_o be_v variegated_a with_o white_a feather_n disperse_v among_o the_o black_a one_o as_o also_o all_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o the_o hindmost_a half_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o upper_a leg_n and_o the_o tail_n be_v whole_o black_a without_o the_o admixture_n of_o any_o brown_a the_o low_a leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o elegant_a red_a colour_n they_o be_v make_v tame_a and_o their_o flesh_n be_v good_a this_o bird_n take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o voice_n for_o it_o cry_v jacu_fw-la jacu_fw-la jacu_fw-la this_o might_n as_o well_o have_v be_v rank_v among_o the_o domestic_a bird_n §._o iii_o the_o common_a partridge_n perdix_n cinerea_fw-la the_o cock_n weigh_v fourteen_o ounce_n and_o a_o quarter_n the_o hen_n thirteen_o and_o a_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o cock_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o claw_n be_v fourteen_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twelve_o and_o three_o quarter_n the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o aperture_n of_o slit_n of_o the_o mouth_n three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n to_o the_o eye_n a_o inch_n the_o breadth_n be_v twenty_o inch_n the_o bill_n in_o young_a partridge_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n but_o in_o old_a one_o it_o grow_v white_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o little_a yellowish_a under_o the_o eye_n be_v certain_a red_a excrescency_n the_o chin_n and_o side_n of_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a or_o saffron-colour_n the_o cock_n have_v on_o his_o breast_n a_o red_a mark_n of_o a_o semicircular_a figure_n resemble_v a_o horse-shoe_n the_o hen_n have_v not_o so_o much_o read_v on_o her_o breast_n below_o the_o chin_n as_o far_o as_o the_o horse-shoe_n mark_n it_o be_v of_o a_o blue_a cinereous_a adorn_v with_o transverse_a black_a line_n beneath_o the_o mark_n the_o colour_n fade_v into_o dirty_a or_o yellowish_a cinereous_a the_o long_a feather_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o great_a transverse_n red_a spot_n their_o shaft_n be_v white_a the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v particoloured_a of_o red_a cinereous_a and_o black_a this_o naturalist_n call_v a_o testaceous_a or_o potsherd_v colour_n the_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o three_o in_o number_n of_o which_o the_o foremost_a be_v dusky_a with_o transverse_a yellowish_a white_a spot_n the_o long_a feather_n be_v five_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n the_o interior_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o long_a feather_n spring_v from_o the_o shoulder_n have_v their_o shaft_n of_o a_o yellowish_a white_a the_o tail_n be_v compose_v of_o no_o less_o than_o eighteen_o feather_n and_o be_v in_o length_n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o four_o middle_a feather_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o
mountain_n beyond_o sea_n and_o as_o we_o be_v tell_v in_o ireland_n where_o they_o call_v it_o cock_n of_o the_o wood_n but_o no_o where_o in_o england_n at_o venice_n and_o milan_n we_o see_v many_o to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o poulterer_n shop_n bring_v thither_o from_o the_o neighbour_a alps._n i_o take_v the_o grygallus_n major_n of_o gesner_n and_o aldrovandus_n who_o also_o call_v it_o the_o tetrax_fw-mi of_o nemesianus_n to_o be_v the_o female_a of_o this_o bird._n for_o the_o female_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o bird_n in_o variety_n and_o beauty_n of_o colour_n excel_v the_o male_n whereas_o gesner_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o female_n do_v in_o no_o kind_n of_o creature_n excel_v the_o male_n in_o variety_n of_o colour_n be_v deceive_v by_o this_o presumption_n take_v and_o describe_v for_o different_a species_n the_o different_a sex_n in_o both_o these_o kind_n viz._n the_o cock_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o black_a game_n and_o so_o of_o two_o species_n make_v four_o to_o wit_n 1._o urogallus_fw-la major_n 2._o grygallus_n major_a 3._o urogallus_fw-la minor_fw-la 4._o grygallus_fw-la minor_fw-la the_o second_o and_o four_o be_v the_o female_n of_o the_o first_o and_o three_o moreover_o be_v himself_o mistake_v he_o think_v turner_n to_o be_v so_o who_o make_v the_o male_a morehen_fw-ge that_o be_v the_o lesser_a tetrao_n or_o lesser_a urogallus_fw-la of_o gesner_n to_o be_v black_a the_o female_a all_o various_o spot_v so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o big_a and_o red_a than_o a_o partridge_n it_o can_v hardly_o be_v distinguish_v from_o it_o aldrovandus_n follow_v gesner_n make_v the_o grygallus_n major_n of_o gesner_n that_o be_v the_o female_a of_o the_o urogallus_fw-la major_n the_o tetrax_n of_o nemesianus_n without_o cause_n reprehend_v longolius_fw-la who_o indeed_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n whereas_o he_o himself_o erroneous_o make_v the_o male_a and_o female_a of_o the_o cock_n of_o the_o mountain_n urogallus_fw-la major_a diverse_a or_o distinct_a kind_n so_o then_o the_o case_n stand_v thus_o 1._o cock_n of_o the_o mountain_n the_o male_a 1._o the_o great_a urogallus_fw-la gesn_a aldrov_n cock_n of_o the_o mountain_n the_o female_a 2._o the_o great_a grygallus_n eorund_n 2._o black_a game_n or_o grous_a the_o male_n 3._o the_o lesser_a urogallus_fw-la eorund_fw-mi black_a game_n the_o female_a 4._o the_o lesser_a grygallus_n eorund_n the_o flesh_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v of_o a_o delicate_a taste_n and_o wholesome_a nourishment_n so_o that_o be_v so_o stately_a a_o bird_n and_o withal_o so_o rare_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v bear_v only_o for_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n table_n §._o ii_o the_o heathcock_n or_o black_a game_n or_o grous_a call_v by_o turner_n the_o morehen_fw-ge tetrao_n seu_fw-la urogallus_fw-la minor_fw-la the_o cock_n weigh_v forty_o eight_o ounce_n be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o three_o inch_n the_o hen_n be_v but_o nineteen_o inch_n long_o it_o be_v breadth_n thirty_o four_o inch_n the_o hen_n thirty_o one_o the_o cock_n be_v all_o over_o black_a but_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n especial_o in_o the_o neck_n and_o back_n do_v shine_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o blue_a gloss_n his_o leg_n be_v grey_a the_o female_a be_v of_o the_o colour_n almost_o of_o a_o woodcock_n or_o partridge_n red_a with_o black_a transverse_a line_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v hoary_a the_o wing_n underneath_o and_o the_o long_a feather_n be_v white_a as_o in_o the_o cock_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_n the_o rump_n and_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o throat_n be_v hoary_a the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n white_a in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o twnety_n six_o beam-feather_n in_o the_o cock_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o five_o of_o these_o be_v white_a of_o the_o eight_o and_o succeed_v to_o the_o twenty_o six_o the_o whole_a low_a half_a of_o the_o eleven_o and_o follow_a feather_n to_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o the_o tip_n be_v also_o white_a the_o long_a feather_n under_o the_o shoulder_n be_v pure_o white_a in_o the_o hen_n the_o ten_o outmost_a feather_n be_v dusky_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o body_n save_v their_o tip_n which_o be_v whitish_a the_o bottom_n of_o all_o but_o the_o first_o six_o be_v white_a moreover_o those_o great_a quil-feather_n which_o as_o we_o say_v be_v dusky_a have_v something_o of_o white_a in_o the_o outer_a border_n the_o wing_n underneath_o and_o those_o long_a feather_n in_o both_o sex_n be_v white_a which_o when_o the_o wing_n be_v close_v appear_v outward_o on_o the_o back_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a spot_n the_o tail_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o feather_n and_o be_v in_o the_o cock_n near_o seven_o inch_n long_o understand_v this_o of_o the_o exterior_a feather_n for_o the_o interior_a do_v not_o exceed_v four_o inch_n in_o the_o cock_n the_o three_o exterior_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n be_v long_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o stand_v bend_v outward_a the_o four_o on_o each_o side_n short_a and_o less_o reflect_v in_o the_o female_a the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v indeed_o long_o than_o the_o rest_n but_o not_o reflect_v the_o tail_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o body_n only_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o a_o hoary_a white_a the_o bill_n be_v black_a and_o crooked_a the_o upper_a chap_n somewhat_o prominent_a and_o gibbous_a under_o the_o tongue_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o glandulous_a substance_n in_o the_o palate_n a_o cavity_n impress_v equal_a to_o the_o tongue_n the_o tongue_n be_v undivided_a soft_a and_o somewhat_o rough_a the_o kickshaw_n bare_a and_o red_a the_o ear_n great_a both_o in_o male_n and_o female_a the_o leg_n rough_a with_o feather_n grow_v on_o their_o forepart_n the_o toe_n naked_a and_o connect_v by_o a_o membrane_n as_o far_o as_o the_o first_o joint_n on_o each_o side_n the_o toe_n be_v the_o like_a border_n of_o skin_n as_o in_o the_o precedent_a fowl_n stand_v out_o from_o the_o toe_n and_o pectinate_v the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n be_v on_o the_o inside_n thinned_a into_o a_o edge_n it_o have_v no_o spur_n its_o gut_n be_v describe_v fifty_o one_o inch_n long_o it_o be_v blind_a gut_n which_o be_v strange_a twenty_o four_o striate_a with_o six_o line_n the_o craw_n large_a they_o feed_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o heath_n acorn_n etc._n etc._n the_o pouts_n do_v a_o long_a time_n accompany_v their_o dam_n even_o after_o they_o be_v come_v to_o their_o full_a growth_n as_o do_v young_a partridge_n they_o be_v infest_a with_o louse_n and_o tick_n this_o kind_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o side_n of_o high_a mountain_n sometime_o it_o descend_v into_o the_o plain_n not_o rare_o occur_v in_o the_o low_a heath-ground_n the_o male_n differ_v so_o strange_o from_o the_o female_a that_o to_o one_o unacquainted_a with_o they_o they_o may_v well_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o different_a kind_n yea_o to_o gesner_n himself_o they_o seem_v so_o as_o we_o show_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n this_o be_v turner_n morehen_fw-ge which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v so_o name_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o cock_n which_o be_v black_a as_o in_o moor_n though_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o write_v that_o it_o have_v on_o its_o head_n a_o red_a fleshy_a crest_n and_o about_o the_o cheek_n two_o as_o it_o be_v red_a fleshy_a lobe_n or_o gills_o for_o it_o have_v no_o other_o red_a flesh_n about_o the_o head_n but_o the_o eyebrow_n which_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o genus_fw-la have_v see_v aldrovand_n lib._n 14._o cap._n 15._o gesner_n call_v it_o gallus_n scoticus_n sylvestris_n that_o be_v the_o wild_a scotch_a cock._n i_o suspect_v also_o that_o the_o gallus_n palustris_fw-la scoticus_n of_o the_o same_o gesner_n be_v no_o other_o than_o this_o bird._n the_o history_n of_o these_o bird_n you_o have_v in_o aldrovands_n ornithology_n lib._n 14._o cap._n 15_o 16._o §._o iii_o *_o the_o attagen_fw-la of_o aldrovandus_n call_v by_o the_o italian_n francolino_n in_o bigness_n and_o the_o whole_a habit_n and_o fashion_n of_o its_o body_n it_o approach_v to_o a_o pheasant_n it_o have_v a_o short_a black_a bill_n crooked_a at_o the_o end_n the_o colour_n be_v various_a almost_o the_o whole_a body_n over_o the_o head_n especial_o have_v a_o very_a beautiful_a aspect_n a_o yellowish_a crest_n variegated_a with_o black_a and_o white_a spot_n be_v erect_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o crown_n the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v black_a the_o iris_z yellow_a it_o have_v eyebrow_n like_o the_o heathcock_n of_o naked_a scarlet-coloured_n skin_n under_o the_o bill_n and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o throat_n hang_v down_o as_o it_o be_v a_o beard_n of_o very_o fine_a feather_n it_o be_v neck_n
the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n or_o foot_n for_o they_o be_v equal_o extend_v be_v about_o sixteen_o inch_n long_o between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v twenty_o four_o inch_n broad_a the_o bill_n short_a black_a like_o a_o hen_n but_o less_o the_o upper_a chap_n long_o and_o more_o prominent_a the_o nostril_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n spring_v out_o of_o a_o skin_n on_o the_o low_a side_n the_o hole_n above_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o kickshaw_n be_v a_o naked_a skin_n of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n and_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_n in_o the_o cock-bird_n a_o black_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n reach_v further_a than_o the_o eye_n towards_o the_o ear_n which_o in_o the_o hen_n be_v want_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n except_v the_o tail_n be_v as_o white_a as_o snow_n each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o four_o prime_a feather_n of_o which_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a be_v short_a than_o the_o second_o the_o second_o than_o the_o three_o the_o shaft_n of_o the_o six_o outmost_a be_v black_a the_o tail_n be_v more_o than_o a_o palm_n long_o compound_v of_o sixteen_o feather_n the_o two_o middlemost_a whereof_o be_v white_a the_o outmost_a on_o each_o side_n without_o the_o shaft_n also_o white_a all_o the_o rest_n black_a those_o that_o i_o j._n r._n describe_v in_o rhoetia_n have_v the_o two_o middle_a feather_n of_o their_o tail_n only_o white_a all_o the_o rest_n black_a the_o feather_n next_o the_o tail_n incumbent_a on_o it_o be_v of_o equal_a length_n with_o the_o tail_n itself_o so_o that_o they_o do_v whole_o cover_v it_o the_o leg_n foot_n and_o toe_n to_o the_o very_a claw_n be_v cover_v with_o soft_a feather_n thick-set_a like_a hare_n foot_n whence_o it_o take_v the_o foot_n name_n the_o claw_n be_v very_o long_o not_o unlike_o the_o nail_n of_o some_o quadruped_n as_o for_o example_n hare_n of_o a_o dark_a horn_n or_o lead_v colour_n it_o be_v back-toe_n or_o heel_n be_v small_a but_o its_o claw_n great_a and_o crooked_a the_o fore-toe_n be_v join_v together_o by_o a_o intervening_a membrane_n as_o in_o the_o other_o fowl_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n be_v something_o hollow_a all_o along_o the_o middle_n the_o edge_n of_o this_o furrow_n or_o channel_n be_v sharp_a under_o the_o toe_n grow_v long_a hair_n very_o thick_a the_o craw_n be_v great_a and_o in_o that_o we_o dissect_v full_a of_o the_o top_n and_o leaf_n of_o fir_n heath_n bill-berry_n etc._n etc._n the_o stomach_n or_o gizzard_n musculous_a the_o gut_n forty_o inch_n long_o the_o blind_a gut_n long_o great_a and_o striate_v in_o the_o alps_o of_o rhoetia_n and_o in_o other_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n cover_v with_o snow_n it_o be_v frequent_o find_v wherefore_o nature_n or_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o creator_n have_v fence_v its_o foot_n against_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o cold_a with_o a_o thick_a cover_n of_o feather_n and_o down_o these_o bird_n for_o the_o excellency_n of_o their_o flesh_n be_v common_o call_v white_a partridge_n and_o think_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o vulgar_a whereas_o indeed_o the_o partridge_n and_o lagopus_n be_v far_o different_a bird_n yet_o the_o savoyard_n and_o other_o alpine_a people_n who_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o their_o difference_n call_v they_o so_o still_o at_o first_o perchance_o by_o mistake_n from_o their_o agreement_n in_o figure_n and_o magnitude_n they_o begin_v to_o be_v so_o call_v and_o now_o they_o continue_v the_o old_a name_n §._o vi_o *_o the_o other_o or_o particoloured_a lagopus_n of_o gesner_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o lagopus_n find_v on_o the_o mountain_n of_o switzerland_n the_o bird_n we_o describe_v of_o this_o kind_n be_v a_o male._n its_o belly_n white_a its_o wing_n also_o milk_v white_a yet_o on_o the_o hinder_a part_n be_v some_o feather_n partly_o dusky_a partly_o spot_v the_o head_n neck_n and_o back_o particoloured_a with_o dusky_a and_o spot_a feather_n the_o neck_n underneath_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o white_a and_o but_o a_o little_a black_a above_z be_v cover_v partly_o with_o pied_a partly_o with_o white_a feather_n above_o each_o eye_n be_v a_o semicircular_a skin_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v very_o short_a and_o black_a the_o upper_a chap_n whereof_o be_v crooked_a and_o receive_v within_o its_o edge_n the_o nether_a which_o be_v channel_v the_o tail_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o consist_v of_o twelve_o black_a feather_n and_o two_o white_a one_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o three_o or_o four_o particoloured_a one_o the_o leg_n and_o foot_n down_o to_o the_o very_a claw_n be_v cover_v with_o white_a feather_n grow_v very_o thick_a and_o close_o together_o so_o that_o nothing_o at_o all_o appear_v bare_a but_o the_o black_a claw_n only_o the_o sole_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v without_o feather_n yet_o may_v the_o toe_n be_v whole_o cover_v with_o the_o hair-like_a feather_n meet_v underneath_o it_o be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o pigeon_n or_o something_o big_a the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a about_o five_o palm_n i_o suppose_v this_o bird_n be_v call_v in_o italian_a about_o trent_n otorno_n about_o the_o lake_n call_v by_o the_o ancient_n verbanus_n now_o maggiore_n or_o the_o great_a colmestre_n our_o countryman_n the_o swisser_n stein-hun_a or_o stone-hen_n as_o some_o do_v also_o the_o precedent_n other_o for_o distinction_n sake_n add_v the_o bigness_n i_o guess_v this_o second_o kind_n to_o be_v a_o little_a the_o big_a as_o for_o the_o former_a kind_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v the_o first_o lagopus_n of_o pliny_n white_a etc._n etc._n but_o this_o second_o although_o perchance_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o second_o lagopus_n of_o pliny_n which_o as_o he_o write_v differ_v from_o quail_n only_o in_o bigness_n yet_o ought_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la with_o the_o first_o thus_o far_o gesner_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o bird_n be_v not_o only_o generical_o but_o even_o specifical_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a or_o first_o lagopus_n of_o pliny_n for_o except_o some_o mark_n and_o spot_n on_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n it_o agree_v perfect_o therewith_o but_o those_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v a_o difference_n of_o kind_n see_v that_o the_o first_o species_n also_o be_v say_v to_o change_v colour_n in_o summer_n and_o become_v dusky_a yea_o those_o which_o ascend_v not_o up_o the_o mountain_n be_v report_v not_o to_o be_v white_a no_o not_o in_o winter_n but_o i_o dare_v not_o pronounce_v any_o thing_n rash_o refer_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o learned_a and_o curious_a that_o live_v in_o those_o country_n or_o have_v opportunity_n of_o travel_v and_o sojourn_v there_o §._o vii_o the_o red_a game_n call_v in_o some_o place_n the_o gorcock_n and_o more-cock_n lagopus_fw-la altera_fw-la plinii_n it_o be_v near_o half_a as_o big_a again_o as_o a_o partridge_n for_o the_o figure_n of_o its_o body_n not_o unlike_a somewhat_o yea_o considerable_o big_a than_o the_o lagopus_n its_o foot_n and_o claw_n exact_o like_o he_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v short_a and_o blackish_a its_o nostril_n elegant_o cover_v with_o feather_n as_o in_o the_o lagopus_fw-la but_o especial_o remarkable_a be_v the_o scarlet-coloured_n naked_a skin_n above_o each_o eye_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_n in_o place_n of_o eyebrow_n which_o in_o the_o cock_n be_v much_o broad_a and_o have_v in_o their_o upper_a circumference_n a_o border_n of_o loose_a flesh_n snipt_a as_o it_o be_v a_o fringe_n or_o crest_n in_o the_o cock_n the_o plumage_n about_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v powder_v with_o white_a speck_n and_o at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o low_a chap_n on_o each_o side_n be_v a_o pretty_a great_a white_a spot_n but_o not_o so_o in_o the_o female_a moreover_o the_o male_a differ_v from_o the_o female_a in_o that_o it_o be_v much_o red_a than_o she_o so_o that_o in_o the_o throat_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n it_o have_v no_o mixture_n at_o all_o of_o any_o other_o colour_n all_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n head_n neck_n back_o and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v particoloured_a of_o red_a and_o black_a each_o single_a feather_n be_v paint_v with_o red_a and_o black_a transverse_n weigh_v line_n howbeit_o in_o the_o cock_n the_o red_a exceed_v the_o black_a yet_o have_v he_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n and_o on_o the_o shoulder_n great_a black_a spot_n which_o the_o female_a have_v not_o in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o four_o quil-feather_n all_o dusky_a
perchance_o this_o may_v be_v the_o columba_n saxatilis_n of_o aldrovand_n call_v by_o the_o bolognese_n sassarolo_n it_o be_v say_v he_o big_a than_o the_o stone-pigeon_n of_o varro_n of_o a_o livid_n colour_n have_v a_o red_a bill_n and_o be_v altogether_o wild_a it_o be_v sometime_o take_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n §._o x._o *_o the_o dove_n call_v livia_n by_o gesner_n it_o be_v in_o shape_n very_o like_o a_o house-dove_n but_o a_o little_a less_o have_v red_a foot_n a_o whitish_a bill_n with_o something_o of_o purple_a about_o the_o nostril_n the_o feather_n invest_v the_o body_n be_v all_o over_o cinereous_a but_o the_o extreme_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a the_o middle_n have_v something_o of_o red_a the_o neck_n above_o and_o on_o the_o side_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n partly_o purple_a partly_o green_a as_o they_o be_v diverse_o expose_v to_o the_o light_n shine_v with_o this_o or_o that_o colour_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n compound_v of_o cinereous_a and_o purple_a the_o four_o long_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a with_o somewhat_o of_o red_a the_o least_o wing-feather_n be_v cinereous_a the_o middle_a partly_o cinereous_a partly_o black_a in_o their_o end_n the_o last_o of_o they_o towards_o the_o back_n be_v red_a the_o length_n of_o this_o bird_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v almost_o fourteen_o inch_n it_o differ_v from_o the_o ring-dove_n in_o that_o it_o be_v much_o less_o and_o have_v no_o white_a spot_n about_o the_o neck_n and_o in_o the_o wing_n like_o that_o this_o bird_n if_o it_o be_v different_a from_o the_o next_o above_o describe_v be_v to_o we_o unknown_a as_o also_o to_o aldrovandus_n who_o borrow_v the_o figure_n and_o description_n of_o it_o of_o gesner_n chap._n xvi_o of_o thrush_n in_o general_n under_o this_o title_n we_o comprehend_v also_o blackbird_n and_o starling_n the_o mark_n common_a to_o all_o be_v a_o mean_a bigness_n between_o pigeon_n and_o lark_n a_o bill_n of_o a_o moderate_a length_n and_o thickness_n a_o little_a bend_n downward_o the_o mouth_n yellow_a withinside_n a_o long_a tail_n promiscuous_a feed_v upon_o berry_n and_o infect_v most_o of_o the_o bird_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v canorous_a and_o may_v be_v teach_v to_o imitate_v man_n voice_n or_o speak_v articulate_o this_o genus_fw-la comprehend_v under_o it_o three_o species_n 1._o thrush_n strict_o and_o proper_o so_o call_v have_v a_o ash-coloured_a back_o and_o a_o spot_a breast_n 2._o blackbird_n so_o call_v from_o their_o colour_n 3._o starling_n who_o characteristic_a be_v a_o broad_a and_o flatter_v or_o more_o depress_a bill_n than_o that_o of_o thrush_n or_o blackbird_n that_o latin_a proverb_n mischief_n turdus_n malum_fw-la sibi_fw-la ipse_fw-la cacat_fw-la speak_v of_o those_o who_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o own_o destruction_n take_v its_o original_n from_o that_o ancient_a conceit_n that_o the_o parasitical_a plant_n call_v misselto_n of_o the_o berry_n whereof_o in_o old_a time_n bird-lime_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v spring_v from_o the_o seed_n void_v by_o the_o thrush_n misselto_n say_v pliny_n sow_v it_o how_o you_o will_v spring_v not_o unless_o cast_v forth_o in_o the_o excrement_n of_o bird_n especial_o the_o ring-dove_n and_o thrush_n such_o be_v its_o nature_n that_o unless_o ripen_a in_o the_o belly_n of_o bird_n it_o will_v not_o grow_v but_o that_o misselto_n come_v not_o at_o all_o of_o seed_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o argument_n of_o which_o the_o principal_a be_v that_o sometime_o it_o grow_v on_o upright_a bough_n and_o on_o the_o underside_n or_o that_o respect_v the_o earth_n he_o that_o desire_v further_a information_n concern_v this_o matter_n may_v consult_v 585._o aldrovandus_n and_o scaliger_n there_o be_v four_o kind_n of_o thrush_n common_a and_o well_o know_v in_o england_n two_o abide_v all_o the_o year_n and_o build_v with_o we_o viz._n 1._o the_o missel-bird_n or_o shrite_n 2._o the_o mavis_n or_o song-thrush_n two_o be_v bird_n of_o passage_n come_v in_o the_o autumn_n continue_v here_o all_o winter_n and_o go_v away_o next_o spring_n never_o breed_v with_o we_o to_o wit_n 1._o the_o feldefare_n 2._o the_o redw_v of_o blackbird_n or_o ouzel_v england_n breed_v and_o feed_v three_o kind_n 1._o the_o common_a blackbird_n 2._o the_o ring-ouzels_a 3._o the_o water-ouzel_n of_o which_o we_o treat_v in_o another_o place_n among_o the_o piscivorous_a land-bird_n the_o rock-ouzel_n of_o darbyshire_n be_v if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o female_a of_o the_o ring-ouzel_n although_o it_o have_v not_o the_o least_o shadow_n or_o appearance_n of_o a_o ring_n we_o know_v but_o one_o sort_n of_o stare_n the_o stone-ouzel_n or_o great_a redstart_n as_o also_o the_o solitary_a sparrow_n and_o witwal_n which_o we_o have_v see_v beyond_o sea_n be_v stranger_n and_o unknown_a to_o england_n to_o this_o tribe_n we_o have_v subjoin_v some_o exotic_a bird_n out_o of_o marggravius_n for_o their_o agreement_n in_o bigness_n or_o colour_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o thrush_n proper_o so_o call_v have_v a_o spot_a breast_n §._o i._o the_o missel-bird_n or_o shrite_n turdus_n viscivoru_v major_a this_o bird_n be_v the_o big_a of_o this_o kind_n weigh_v four_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v eleven_o inch_n it_o be_v breadth_n eighteen_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o like_o a_o blackbird_n or_o for_o the_o bigness_n a_o little_o short_a the_o upper_a chap_n dusky_a somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o low_a the_o tongue_n hard_o channel_a and_o slit_v at_o the_o tip_n horny_a and_o pellucid_a the_o inside_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v yellow_a the_o nostril_n great_a almost_o of_o a_o oval_a figure_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellowish_a the_o claw_n black_a the_o outer_a fore-toe_n stick_v to_o the_o middlemost_a as_o far_a as_o the_o first_o joint_n no_o membrane_n intervening_a the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a cinereous_a or_o lead-colour_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o back_n tail_n and_o rump_n have_v some_o mixture_n of_o yellow_a in_o summer_n it_o change_v colour_n and_o become_v more_o cinereous_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o head_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n in_o a_o word_n of_o the_o whole_a upper_a side_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o approach_v to_o that_o of_o spanish_a olive_n pickle_v while_o yet_o immature_n such_o as_o be_v usual_o bring_v over_o to_o we_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o body_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o tail_n be_v speckle_v with_o pretty_a great_a blackish_a spot_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n the_o side_n and_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n be_v yellow_a the_o middle_a of_o the_o belly_n white_a the_o number_n of_o quill-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v eighteen_o whereof_o the_o second_o be_v the_o long_a be_v by_o measure_n five_o inch_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n next_o incumbent_n on_o the_o quill_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o equal_a feather_n it_o have_v no_o craw_n the_o gizzard_n be_v not_o very_o thick_a or_o fleshy_a therein_o we_o find_v maggot_n caterpillar_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o bird_n be_v kill_v in_o january_n the_o gut_n be_v great_a but_o short_a the_o blind_a gut_n very_o little_a and_o short_a it_o have_v a_o pale-coloured_n liver_n and_o a_o gall_n bladder_n sit_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a tree_n as_o oak_n elm_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o spring_n time_n it_o sing_v rare_o well_o it_o abide_v the_o year_n round_o with_o we_o in_o england_n and_o breed_v here_o it_o be_v a_o solitary_a bird_n accompany_v and_o fly_v only_o with_o its_o mate_n it_o be_v the_o worst_a meat_n of_o all_o its_o kind_n in_o winter_n time_n it_o feed_v much_o upon_o holly-berry_n and_o which_o be_v strange_a the_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v observe_v each_o to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o tree_n and_o to_o be_v always_o near_o it_o and_o not_o to_o permit_v other_o bird_n to_o feed_v on_o it_o but_o to_o beat_v and_o drive_v they_o away_o which_o quality_n of_o they_o be_v the_o occasion_n that_o they_o be_v easy_o take_v a_o late_a english_a writer_n say_v that_o this_o bird_n make_v as_o large_a a_o nest_n as_o a_o jay_n and_o lay_v as_o big_a a_o egg_n build_v common_o with_o rot_a twig_n the_o outside_n of_o his_o nest_n the_o inside_n with_o dead_a grass_n hay_o or_o moss_n that_o he_o pull_v from_o tree_n it_o seldom_o lay_v above_o five_o egg_n but_o four_o most_o common_o breed_v but_o twice_o a_o year_n and_o have_v three_o young_a one_o never_o above_o four_o that_o i_o can_v find_v she_o feed_v all_o
straight_o slender_a sharp-pointed_a above_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o somewhat_o flat_a of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n its_o tongue_n broad_a cleave_v the_o irides_fw-la of_o its_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n its_o nostril_n round_o its_o foot_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a incline_v to_o flesh_n colour_n its_o claw_n dusky_a that_o of_o the_o back-toe_n long_a the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n stick_v to_o the_o middle_n below_o near_o the_o divarication_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a whitish_a yellow_a the_o throat_n deep_o colour_v both_o spot_a with_o black_a in_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o head_n and_o back_o be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o red_a yellow_a the_o middle_a of_o each_o feather_n be_v spot_v with_o black_a the_o neck_n be_v ash-coloured_a a_o white_a line_n encompass_v the_o head_n from_o eye_n to_o eye_n like_o a_o crown_n or_o wreath_n the_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a red_a or_o tawny_a each_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o prime_a feather_n the_o outmost_a be_v much_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o next_o five_o be_v half_o a_o inch_n long_o than_o the_o rest_n have_v their_o point_n sharp_a and_o their_o outer_a edge_n white_a the_o rest_n have_v blunt_a point_n indent_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n have_v yellow_a edge_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o bastard_n wing_n be_v dusky_a with_o clay-coloured_n tip_v and_o at_o its_o root_n be_v a_o white_a spot_n the_o small_a feather_n on_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o consist_v of_o the_o usual_a number_n of_o feather_n viz._n twelve_o not_o fork_v yet_o the_o middle_a feather_n be_v something_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o end_v in_o sharp_a point_n be_v between_o green_a and_o a_o sordid_a red_a or_o fulvous_a colour_n the_o four_o next_o on_o each_o side_n have_v blunt_a point_n be_v whitish_a at_o tip_n the_o outmost_a most_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n less_o else_o blackish_a it_o have_v no_o craw_n in_o the_o stomach_n we_o find_v beetle_n caterpillar_n gromil-seed_n etc._n etc._n the_o stomach_n be_v provide_v with_o strong_a and_o thick_a muscle_n the_o blind_a gut_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o in_o all_o other_o small_a bird_n that_o we_o have_v observe_v be_v very_o short_a the_o gut_n below_o these_o appendant_o be_v large_a these_o bird_n fly_v many_o together_o in_o company_n sing_v as_o they_o fly_v with_o a_o note_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o blackbird_n it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a lark_n by_o the_o follow_a mark_n especial_o 1._o whistle_v like_o a_o blackbird_n 2._o a_o circle_n of_o white_a feather_n encompass_v the_o head_n from_o eye_n to_o eye_n like_o a_o crown_n or_o wreath_n 3._o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v much_o short_a than_o the_o second_o whereas_o in_o the_o common_a lark_n it_o be_v near_o equal_a 4._o the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n have_v white_a tip_n 5._o that_o it_o sit_v upon_o tree_n 6._o it_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o common_a lark_n but_o have_v a_o short_a and_o thick_a or_o round_a body_n for_o its_o bigness_n aldrovandus_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o this_o bird_n that_o i_o know_v of_o olina_n figure_n and_o describe_v it_o in_o his_o uccelleria_n under_o the_o title_n of_o tottovilla_n the_o woodlark_n be_v comparable_a to_o the_o nightingale_n for_o sing_v and_o by_o some_o prefer_v before_o it_o he_o will_v also_o emulate_v the_o nightingale_n and_o have_v great_a variety_n of_o note_n it_o be_v a_o very_a tender_a bird_n and_o yet_o breed_v the_o soon_a of_o any_o in_o england_n my_o author_n say_v that_o he_o have_v have_v a_o nest_n of_o young_a bird_n ready_a to_o fly_v by_o the_o sixteen_o of_o march_n that_o it_o build_v most_o common_o in_o lay_n where_o the_o grass_n have_v be_v pretty_a rank_n and_o be_v grow_v russet_a under_o some_o large_a turf_n to_o shelter_v its_o nest_n from_o the_o wind_n and_o weather_n he_o can_v never_o bring_v up_o a_o nest_n of_o young_a one_o because_o they_o either_o have_v the_o cramp_n or_o fall_v into_o a_o scour_n in_o less_o than_o a_o week_n time_n after_o he_o have_v take_v they_o nor_o can_v he_o ever_o hear_v of_o any_o who_o have_v keep_v they_o so_o long_o as_o till_o they_o sing_v so_o that_o they_o be_v never_o breed_v from_o the_o nest_n the_o season_n of_o take_v woodlark_n and_o which_o best_o to_o keep_v there_o be_v three_o season_n of_o take_v woodlark_n 1._o the_o first_o be_v in_o june_n july_n and_o august_n when_o the_o brancher_n be_v take_v have_v not_o yet_o moult_v these_o bird_n sing_v present_o but_o continue_v their_o sing_n but_o little_a for_o they_o soon_o fall_v a_o moult_a they_o be_v common_o very_o familiar_a bird_n as_o be_v take_v young_a 2._o the_o next_o season_n for_o take_v they_o be_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n which_o my_o author_n call_v the_o general_a flight-time_n when_o they_o rove_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o by_o this_o time_n they_o have_v all_o moult_v their_o feather_n and_o you_o can_v hardly_o distinguish_v a_o young_a bird_n from_o a_o old_a the_o bird_n take_v at_o this_o season_n be_v brave_a strong_a and_o sprightful_a and_o prove_v well_o at_o spring_n if_o they_o be_v well_o keep_v all_o winter_n otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v lousy_a and_o quite_o spoil_v they_o usual_o begin_v not_o to_o sing_v till_o after_o spring_n and_o continue_v till_o july_n 3._o the_o three_o season_n be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n to_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n when_o they_o be_v pair_v and_o have_v part_v with_o their_o last_o year_n brood_n these_o sing_v within_o three_o or_o four_o day_n or_o a_o week_n at_o further_a if_o they_o be_v well_o condition_v bird_n and_o will_v soon_o become_v tame_a for_o your_o fearful_a wild_a buckish_a bird_n seldom_o prove_v good_a for_o upon_o every_o turn_n they_o bolt_n against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cage_n and_o bruise_v themselves_o and_o so_o be_v apt_a to_o leave_v off_o sing_v therefore_o if_o you_o have_v a_o bird_n that_o be_v a_o good_a bird_n and_o wild_a have_v a_o net_n knit_v french_a meash_n and_o put_v it_o in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cage_n sow_v it_o close_o to_o the_o side_n and_o strait_a that_o when_o he_o bolt_v or_o flirt_v he_o may_v take_v no_o harm_n bird_n take_v at_o this_o season_n for_o the_o most_o part_n prove_v the_o best_a they_o be_v in_o full_a stomach_n and_o sing_v in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n after_o and_o be_v also_o more_o perfect_a in_o their_o song_n than_o those_o take_v at_o other_o season_n how_o to_o order_v a_o woodlark_n when_o take_v in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o must_v have_v a_o cage_n with_o two_o pan_n one_o for_o mix_a meat_n and_o another_o for_o oatmeal_n and_o whole_a hempseed_n first_o boil_v a_o egg_n hard_a then_o take_v the_o crumb_n of_o a_o halfpenny_n white-loaf_n and_o as_o much_o hempseed_n as_o the_o bread_n chap_v your_o egg_n very_o small_a and_o crumble_v your_o bread_n and_o it_o together_o then_o bruise_v your_o hempseed_n very_o small_a with_o a_o roll_a pin_n or_o pound_n it_o in_o a_o mortar_n mingle_v all_o together_o and_o give_v it_o he_o 2._o you_o must_v put_v red_a gravel_n sift_v fine_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o his_o cage_n for_o he_o delight_v to_o bask_v himself_o in_o the_o sand_n which_o if_o he_o do_v not_o pretty_a often_o he_o prove_v lousy_a and_o then_o seldom_o come_v to_o any_o thing_n if_o you_o leave_v gravel-stone_n in_o the_o sand_n he_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o break_v his_o feather_n in_o bask_v he_o shift_v this_o sand_n twice_o a_o week_n otherwise_o he_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o clog_v his_o foot_n with_o his_o dung_n 3._o be_v sure_a that_o his_o meat_n be_v not_o too_o stale_a for_o he_o will_v never_o thrive_v upon_o it_o when_o dry_a or_o mouldy_a 4._o have_v a_o great_a care_n to_o shift_v his_o water_n oft_o thrice_o a_o week_n at_o least_o for_o it_o stink_v soon_o than_o any_o bird_n water_n because_o throw_v about_o his_o meat_n some_o fall_n into_o it_o which_o cause_v it_o immediate_o to_o stink_v 5._o line_n your_o perch_n in_o the_o cage_n with_o some_o green_a bay_n or_o else_o make_v a_o perch_n of_o a_o mat_n which_o i_o have_v find_v they_o very_o much_o to_o delight_v in_o note_v 1_o if_o your_o bird_n be_v very_o wild_a when_o he_o be_v take_v keep_v he_o three_o or_o four_o day_n from_o company_n till_o he_o begin_v to_o eat_v his_o meat_n strew_v some_o of_o the_o hempseed_n and_o oatmeal_n upon_o the_o sand_n and_o some_o of_o his_o mix_a meat_n also_o because_o sometime_o they_o find_v not_o the_o pan_n till_o they_o be_v almost_o famish_v note_v 2._o if_o he_o
be_v very_o poor_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n give_v he_o every_o two_o or_o three_o day_n a_o turf_n of_o three-leaved_a grass_n and_o boil_v he_o a_o sheep_n heart_n and_o mince_v it_o small_a and_o mingle_v it_o with_o his_o meat_n and_o it_o will_v cause_v he_o to_o thrive_v exceed_o note_v 3_o if_o you_o will_v have_v your_o bird_n sing_v very_o lavish_a feed_v he_o all_o the_o time_n of_o his_o song_n with_o some_o sheep_n heart_n mix_v with_o his_o egg_n and_o bread_n and_o hempseed_n and_o put_v in_o his_o water_n two_o or_o three_o slice_n of_o liquorice_n and_o a_o little_a white_a sugar-candy_n with_o two_o or_o three_o blade_n of_o saffron_n do_v so_o once_o a_o week_n and_o it_o will_v cause_v he_o to_o be_v long_o wind_v how_o to_o know_v a_o cock_n from_o a_o hen._n the_o sure_a way_n to_o know_v a_o cock_n from_o a_o hen_n be_v 1._o the_o largeness_n and_o length_n of_o his_o call_n 2._o the_o tall_a walk_n of_o the_o bird_n about_o the_o cage_n 3._o at_o evening_n the_o double_n of_o his_o note_n which_o we_o call_v cudling_a as_o if_o he_o be_v go_v to_o roost_v but_o if_o you_o hear_v he_o sing_v strong_a you_o can_v be_v deceive_v for_o hen-bird_n will_v sing_v but_o little_a the_o use_n of_o this_o be_v chief_o to_o know_v those_o bird_n that_o be_v take_v at_o flight-time_n because_o those_o take_v at_o other_o season_n sing_v soon_o after_o they_o be_v take_v or_o not_o at_o all_o the_o woodlark_n disease_n and_o their_o cure_n their_o disease_n be_v 1._o the_o cramp_n cause_v by_o dung_a clog_a and_o numb_a their_o foot_n if_o their_o gravel_n be_v not_o often_o shift_v or_o by_o hang_v they_o out_o abroad_o in_o the_o rain_n so_o wet_v the_o sand_n they_o sit_v upon_o this_o be_v help_v by_o line_v their_o perch_n that_o they_o may_v delight_v to_o sit_v upon_o it_o and_o give_v they_o fresh_a sand_n anoint_v they_o as_o the_o nightingale_n 2._o giddiness_n in_o the_o head_n occasion_v by_o feed_v upon_o much_o hempseed_n be_v help_v by_o give_v they_o some_o gentle_n or_o maggot_n or_o else_o hoglouse_n or_o ant_n and_o their_o egg_n and_o put_v three_o or_o four_o slice_n of_o liquorice_n in_o their_o water_n 3._o lousiness_n and_o scurf_n cure_a by_o smoke_v his_o feather_n with_o tobacco_n and_o give_v he_o fresh_a gravel_n and_o set_v he_o in_o the_o sun_n for_o if_o he_o have_v strength_n to_o bask_n in_o the_o sand_n he_o will_v immediate_o rid_v himself_o of_o the_o vermin_n §._o iv._o the_o tit-lark_n alauda_fw-la pratorum_fw-la aldrov_n it_o seem_v to_o we_o less_o by_o half_n than_o the_o common_a lark_n weigh_v scarce_o a_o ounce_n have_v a_o long_a body_n and_o a_o small_a head_n a_o slender_a sharp_a bill_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a mandible_a black_a more_o flat_a and_o depress_v towards_o the_o head_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v jagged_a the_o circle_n about_o the_o pupil_n hazel-coloured_n the_o colour_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n shoulder_n and_o middle_a of_o the_o back_o various_a of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a and_o black_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a the_o outside_n or_o edge_n of_o a_o yellowishgreen_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n or_o rump_n be_v only_o green_a without_o any_o mixture_n of_o black_a the_o upper_a side_n be_v of_o the_o forementioned_a various_a colour_n the_o single_a colour_n be_v less_o conspicuous_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o small_a mixture_n of_o cinereous_a as_o for_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o body_n the_o breast_n and_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o sordid_a yellowish_a white_a spot_v with_o black_a the_o low_a belly_n and_o throat_n under_o the_o chin_n white_a without_o any_o black_a spot_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v dusky_a their_o exterior_a edge_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a the_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o first_o row_n of_o covert_n have_v their_o tip_n and_o exterior_a edge_n white_a and_o the_o middlemost_a of_o the_o second_o row_v they_o still_o of_o a_o light_a white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o scapular_a feather_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o kind_a to_o have_v the_o four_o first_o quill-feathersequal_a the_o tail_n be_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o two_o outmost_a of_o which_o on_o each_o side_n be_v particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o brown_a in_o the_o outmost_a feather_n about_o the_o one_o half_a and_o that_o the_o uppermost_a be_v white_a the_o white_a divide_v the_o feather_n oblique_o of_o the_o next_o feather_n the_o tip_n only_o be_v white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a have_v their_o exterior_a edge_n of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a of_o the_o two_o middlemost_a the_o edge_n round_o about_o be_v of_o the_o same_o yellowish_a green_a not_o so_o even_o and_o trim_a as_o those_o of_o the_o other_o feather_n but_o as_o it_o be_v jagged_a or_o fringe_v the_o tail_n when_o fold_v up_o be_v a_o little_a fork_a near_o three_o inch_n long_o the_o foot_n be_v yellow_a the_o claw_n of_o the_o back-toe_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n very_o long_o and_o dusky_a the_o gizzard_n not_o so_o musculous_a as_o in_o other_o lark_n wherein_o we_o find_v beetle_n and_o infect_v like_a to_o meal-worm_n the_o blind_a gut_n be_v something_o long_o than_o in_o the_o common_a lark_n it_o have_v also_o a_o gallbladder_n this_o bird_n sit_v also_o upon_o tree_n in_o general_n it_o be_v less_o than_o the_o common_a lark_n green_a and_o not_o so_o fine_o colour_v in_o length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n or_o tail_n for_o they_o be_v equal_o extend_v six_o inch_n in_o breadth_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v out_o ten_o and_o a_o quarter_n mr._n jessop_n suspect_v that_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o different_a sort_n of_o this_o bird_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o lesser_a field-lark_n which_o be_v 1._o a_o little_o big_a than_o that_o here_o describe_v 2._o less_o field-lark_n green_a 3._o have_v pale_a foot_n and_o 4._o much_o short_a spur_n the_o titlark_n nest_n i_o once_o see_v in_o a_o furze-bush_n not_o far_o from_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v build_v outward_o of_o moss_n inward_o of_o straw_n with_o a_o little_a horsehair_n she_o lay_v five_o or_o six_o eggs._n in_o this_o kind_a the_o cock_n be_v all_o over_o more_o yellow_a than_o the_o hen_n but_o especial_o under_o the_o throat_n on_o the_o breast_n leg_n and_o sol_n of_o the_o foot_n the_o titlark_n say_v a_o late_a english_a writer_n sing_v most_o like_a the_o canary_n bird_n of_o any_o bird_n whatsoever_o whisk_n cur_v and_o chew_v but_o his_o song_n be_v short_a and_o have_v no_o variety_n in_o it_o he_o come_v with_o the_o nightingale_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n and_o go_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n the_o young_a be_v to_o be_v feed_v when_o first_o take_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o nightingale_n the_o old_a one_o if_o take_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o be_v at_o first_o cram_v when_o he_o will_v feed_v himself_o give_v he_o woodlark_n meat_n or_o almost_o any_o other_o before_o his_o go_v away_o he_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v fat_a like_o the_o nightingale_n but_o will_v eat_v though_o never_o so_o fat_a he_o be_v a_o hardy_a bird_n and_o long-lived_a if_o preserve_v with_o care_n not_o subject_a to_o cold_n or_o cramp_n §._o v._o the_o titlark_n that_o sing_v like_o a_o grasshopper_n locustella_n d._n johnson_n it_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o rogulus_n non_fw-la cristatus_fw-la have_v a_o pretty_a long_a straight_a bill_n yet_o have_v a_o little_a declivity_n above_o the_o upper_a chap_n black_a the_o nether_a of_o a_o horn_n colour_n the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a yellow_a besprinkle_v with_o blackish_a spot_n the_o underside_n of_o a_o yellow_a pale_a yellow_a the_o tail_n be_v of_o the_o long_a of_o a_o brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n when_o spread_v end_v in_o a_o circular_a circumference_n on_o the_o low_a belly_n the_o thigh_n and_o under_o the_o tail_n it_o have_v brown_a spot_n tend_v downward_o it_o have_v long_o slender_a dusky-coloured_n leg_n crooked_a claw_n and_o a_o very_a long_a spur_n or_o heel_n it_o feed_v upon_o fly_n it_o have_v a_o note_n like_o a_o grasshopper_n but_o loud_o and_o shrill_a when_o it_o sing_v it_o common_o sit_v upon_o a_o bush_n with_o its_o mouth_n open_a and_o straight_o up_o and_o its_o wing_n disshevele_v §._o vi_o the_o calandra_n which_o perchance_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o bunting_n this_o bird_n olina_n describe_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v a_o
side_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n from_o red_a incline_v to_o yellow_a the_o breast_n in_o some_o be_v variegated_a with_o black_a spot_n from_o the_o nostril_n above_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v draw_v a_o pale_a whitish_a line_n under_o the_o bill_n also_o on_o each_o side_n be_v a_o white_a line_n the_o intermediate_v space_n between_o these_o line_n in_o some_o bird_n be_v black_a in_o one_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o observe_v a_o white_a spot_n behind_o each_o eye_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v brown_a with_o yellowish_a edge_n or_o of_o a_o feville-mort_a colour_n from_o the_o nine_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o eight_o follow_v be_v white_a the_o covert-feather_n next_o above_o the_o quill_n be_v black_a with_o red_a edge_n in_o which_o two_o white_a spot_n do_v mark_n or_o characterise_v each_o wing_n one_o under_o the_o bastard_n wing_n the_o other_o at_o the_o first_o joint_n by_o which_o note_n this_o bird_n may_v be_v easy_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o of_o its_o kind_n the_o middle_a quil-feather_n towards_o the_o bottom_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o all_o which_o except_v the_o two_o middlemost_a the_o low_a half_n be_v white_a the_o upper_a black_a the_o utmost_a edge_n be_v red_a the_o two_o middlemost_a in_o some_o bird_n be_v whole_o black_a in_o all_o for_o the_o great_a part_n have_v red_a or_o feville-mort_a edge_n they_o all_o end_n in_o sharp_a point_n the_o feather_n next_o to_o the_o incumbent_n on_o the_o tail_n both_o above_o and_o beneath_o reach_v further_o than_o its_o middle_n so_o that_o they_o whole_o hide_v its_o white_a part_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v slender_a straight_o short_a black_a not_o only_o without_o but_o also_o within_o the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o leg_n slender_a the_o foot_n toe_n and_o claw_n black_a the_o low_a joint_n of_o the_o outmost_a toe_n stick_v fast_o to_o that_o of_o the_o middle_a one_o in_o the_o female_a those_o white_a spot_n of_o the_o wing_n scarce_o appear_v and_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v of_o a_o dull_a colour_n it_o frequent_v bank_n and_o ditch_n feed_v upon_o beetle_n and_o other_o infect_v nature_n sometime_o sport_n herself_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o this_o bird_n for_o in_o some_o bird_n the_o two_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v whole_o black_a except_v the_o edge_n which_o be_v red_a in_o other_o their_o bottom_n be_v white_a etc._n etc._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o follow_a bird_n chief_o by_o these_o note_n 1._o that_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v more_o beautiful_o colour_v the_o feather_n have_v their_o middle_a part_n about_o the_o shaft_n black_a and_o their_o border_n red_a 2._o that_o in_o each_o wing_n they_o have_v two_o white_a spot_n 3._o that_o the_o low_a part_n of_o their_o tail_n be_v white_a 4._o that_o the_o feather_n immediate_o incumbent_a on_o the_o tail_n both_o above_o and_o beneath_o run_v out_o as_o far_o and_o further_o than_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tail_n so_o that_o they_o whole_o hide_v the_o white_a part_n thereof_o 5._o in_o the_o white_a line_n reach_v from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o back_n of_o the_o head_n the_o bird_n which_o aldrovand_n say_v be_v call_v common_o spipola_n which_o perchance_o may_v be_v the_o anthus_n or_o florus_n of_o aristotle_n be_v near_o of_o kin_n to_o if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o this_o it_o be_v aldrov_n of_o near_a the_o same_o bigness_n life_n about_o river_n and_o fen_n especial_o in_o moist_a meadow_n and_o if_o it_o be_v drive_v away_o by_o horse_n feed_v there_o it_o fly_v away_o with_o a_o certain_a chatter_a wherein_o it_o seem_v after_o a_o fashion_n to_o imitate_v the_o neigh_n of_o a_o horse_n whether_o it_o be_v dim-sighted_a or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o hear_v that_o it_o fly_v with_o difficulty_n as_o for_o its_o colour_n that_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v beautiful_a than_o otherwise_o on_o the_o upper_a side_n throughout_o the_o neck_n back_o and_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a red_a and_o vary_v with_o semilunar_a spot_n the_o head_n above_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o have_v not_o those_o spot_n the_o prime-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o those_o that_o cover_v they_o be_v black_a have_v their_o side_n and_o tip_n yellowish_a the_o bill_n be_v sit_v to_o catch_v infect_v be_v neither_o slender_a nor_o thick_a of_o a_o white_a colour_n tincture_v with_o yellow_a the_o nether_a side_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o tail_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o variegated_a with_o spot_n some_o long_a some_o round_a and_o some_o of_o another_o figure_n its_o foot_n be_v black_a this_o differ_v from_o our_o whin-chat_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o bill_n and_o in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o live_v since_o our_o chat_n abide_v especial_o in_o heath_n and_o among_o furze-bush_n §._o iii_o the_o stone-smich_a or_o stone-chat_a or_o moor-titling_a oenanthus_n nostra_fw-la tertia_fw-la muscicapa_n tertia_fw-la aldrov_n the_o rubetra_n of_o bellonius_fw-la as_o we_o judge_v which_o gesner_n make_v the_o same_o with_o his_o todtenvogel_n or_o flugenstecherlin_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o linnet_n or_o thereabouts_o of_o half_a a_o ounce_n weight_n from_o bill-point_n to_o tail-end_n five_o inch_n long_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v slender_a straight_o black_a as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o the_o upper_a chap_n a_o thought_n long_o than_o the_o nether_a and_o a_o little_a crooked_a the_o tongue_n cleave_v the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o leg_n foot_n and_o claw_n black_a the_o outer_a toe_n grow_v to_o the_o middle_a one_o below_o as_o in_o other_o small_a bird_n the_o head_n be_v great_a in_o the_o cock_n almost_o whole_o black_a as_o be_v also_o the_o throat_n under_o the_o bill_n in_o the_o hen_n it_o be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o a_o dirty_a red_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v black_a on_o each_o side_n it_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o white_a spot_n so_o that_o the_o bird_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o ring_n of_o white_a about_o its_o neck_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n be_v black_a only_o the_o outmost_a edge_n of_o the_o feather_n fulvous_a above_o the_o rump_n be_v a_o white_a spot_n the_o breast_n be_v fulvous_a or_o of_o a_o yellowish_a red_a colour_n the_o belly_n white_a with_o a_o dash_n of_o red_a in_o the_o female_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o back_o from_o red_a incline_n to_o green_a have_v their_o middle_a part_n black_a the_o rump_n be_v red_a the_o chin_n of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n it_o have_v a_o whitish_a spot_n on_o each_o side_n the_o neck_n the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a but_o the_o belly_n of_o like_a colour_n with_o the_o cock_n the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v all_o dusky_a except_v the_o two_o next_o to_o the_o body_n which_o have_v a_o white_a spot_n at_o bottom_n the_o edge_n of_o all_o be_v red_a all_o the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n have_v also_o red_a edge_n the_o wing_n in_o both_o sex_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o white_a spot_n in_o the_o feather_n next_o the_o back_o the_o tail_n be_v near_o two_o inch_n long_o and_o consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n not_o fork_v and_o black_a the_o tip_n and_o exterior_a web_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n be_v white_a it_o have_v a_o gallbladder_n a_o stomach_n not_o very_o fleshy_a in_o which_o dissect_a we_o find_v beetle_n and_o other_o infect_v short_a round_o tumid_a blind_a gut_n that_o which_o i_o j._n r._n describe_v at_o florence_n differ_v somewhat_o in_o colour_n and_o other_o accident_n thus_o it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lesser_a titmouse_n its_o body_n short_a and_o round_o its_o head_n for_o the_o proportion_n of_o its_o body_n great_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n the_o neck_n and_o back_o particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o a_o dirty_a red_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o each_o feather_n be_v black_a and_o the_o edge_n red_a the_o quil-feather_n be_v eighteen_o all_o dusky_a their_o exterior_a edge_n be_v of_o a_o feville-mort_a colour_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n those_o five_o on_o the_o middle_a joint_n be_v black_a with_o feville-mort_a edge_n the_o rest_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o quil-feather_n the_o lesser_a row_n be_v of_o like_a colour_n with_o the_o foresay_a five_o middle_a feather_n the_o tail-feather_n be_v all_o black_a only_o their_o edge_n be_v pale_a the_o cock_n be_v black_a about_o both_o eye_n and_o under_o the_o throat_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v white_a the_o breast_n and_o part_n under_o the_o wing_n in_o both_o sex_n be_v fulvous_a
wagtail_n motacilla_n alba_fw-la this_o bird_n be_v every_o where_o so_o well_o know_v that_o it_o may_v seem_v enough_o to_o name_v it_o not_o need_v any_o description_n it_o weigh_v six_o drachm_n be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n seven_o inch_n three_o quarter_n in_o breadth_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o eleven_o the_o bill_n be_v slender_a not_o a_o inch_n long_o sharp-pointed_a and_o black_a the_o tongue_n cleave_v and_o as_o it_o be_v tear_v the_o mouth_n within_o black_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o foot_n toe_n and_o claw_n long_o and_o of_o a_o dark_a blackish_a colour_n the_o back-claw_a very_o long_o as_o in_o lark_n the_o outer_a toe_n at_o its_o rise_n stick_v fast_o to_o the_o middle_a one_o white_a feather_n encompass_v the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n than_o the_o eye_n be_v produce_v on_o both_o side_n almost_o to_o the_o wing_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n upper_z and_o low_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n as_o far_o as_o the_o breast_n and_o the_o back_o be_v black_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n from_o black_a incline_v to_o cinereous_a the_o rump_n be_v black_a in_o another_o bird_n below_o the_o throat_n i_o observe_v a_o semicircular_a black_a spot_n like_o a_o crescent_n the_o horn_n be_v produce_v almost_o as_o far_o as_o the_o jaw_n the_o wing_n spread_v be_v of_o a_o semicircular_a figure_n the_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o eighteen_o in_o number_n of_o which_o the_o three_o outmost_a end_n in_o sharp_a point_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v blunt_a and_o indent_a the_o inmost_a be_v adorn_v with_o white_a line_n the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o first_o row_n be_v black_a have_v their_o tip_n and_o edge_n white_a those_o of_o the_o second_o row_n have_v only_o white_a tip_n it_o be_v tail_n be_v very_o long_o of_o about_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a which_o 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bill_n be_v black_a the_o tongue_n cleave_v but_o not_o hairy_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n from_o cinereous_a incline_v to_o a_o hazel-colour_n the_o foot_n be_v black_a the_o outer_a fore-toe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middle_a one_o at_o bottom_n the_o spur_n or_o claw_n of_o the_o back-toe_n be_v long_o as_o in_o a_o lark_n the_o blind_a gut_n short_a some_o bird_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v much_o yellow_a or_o green_a than_o other_o it_o build_v upon_o the_o ground_n among_o the_o corn_n make_v its_o nest_n of_o bent_n and_o the_o stalk_n of_o herb_n spread_v hair_n within_o under_o the_o eggs._n it_o lay_v at_o one_o time_n four_o or_o five_o egg_n vary_v with_o dusky_a spot_n and_o line_n draw_v without_o any_o order_n §._o iii_o the_o grey_a wagtail_n motacilla_n cinerea_fw-la a_o flava_fw-la altera_fw-la aldrov_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o common_a or_o white_a wagtail_n it_o be_v note_n be_v shrill_a and_o loud_o its_o bill_n black_a straight_o slender_a 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thistle_n dock_n and_o most_o willing_o canary-grass_n as_o do_v other_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o anthus_n or_o florus_n of_o bellonius_fw-la call_v in_o french_a bruant_n be_v of_o kin_n to_o this_o he_o bruant_n describe_v it_o thus_o le_fw-fr bruant_n in_o french_a have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o voice_n for_o when_o it_o sing_v it_o express_v the_o word_n bruire_v as_o it_o fly_v it_o make_v a_o noise_n aristotle_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o word_n the_o latin_n render_v florus_n the_o modern_a greek_n i_o know_v not_o from_o what_o ancient_a name_n call_v it_o also_o florus_n it_o be_v a_o little_o big_a than_o a_o chaffinch_n the_o cock_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n yellow_a yet_o some_o part_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n incline_v to_o cinereous_a but_o their_o great_a feather_n be_v of_o a_o more_o elegant_a yellow_a the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tail-feather_n be_v also_o altogether_o yellow_a but_o within_o of_o another_o colour_n the_o bill_n be_v great_a and_o sharp_a of_o a_o pale_a colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v something_o red_a they_o be_v keep_v in_o cage_n for_o the_o sweetness_n of_o their_o sing_n they_o feed_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o hempseed_n and_o keep_v much_o about_o tall_a tree_n far_o remote_a from_o meadow_n it_o hatch_v at_o least_o five_o young_a one_o chap._n iii_o §._o i._o the_o bulfinch_n alphonso_n or_o nope_n rubicilla_n seu_fw-la pyrrhula_n this_o bird_n have_v a_o black_a short_a strong_a bill_n in_o figure_n and_o structure_n like_o that_o of_o the_o grosbeak_n but_o less_o in_o the_o elder_a bird_n it_o be_v something_o crooked_a the_o tongue_n be_v as_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o its_o eye_n be_v hazel-coloured_n its_o claw_n black_a its_o leg_n dusky_a the_o low_a joint_n of_o the_o outmost_a toe_n stick_v fast_o to_o the_o middle_a toe_n the_o head_n for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n be_v great_a in_o the_o male_a a_o lovely_a scarlet_a or_o crimson_a colour_n illustrate_v the_o breast_n throat_n and_o jaw_n as_o far_o as_o the_o eye_n the_o feather_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n above_o the_o eye_n and_o those_o that_o compass_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a the_o rump_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o neck_n and_o back_o grey_a with_o a_o certain_a tincture_n of_o red_a the_o neck_n back_o and_o shoulder_n seem_v to_o i_o blue_a or_o ash-coloured_a the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v in_o number_n eighteen_o the_o last_o or_o inmost_a of_o which_o on_o the_o outer_a half_n from_o the_o shaft_n be_v red_a on_o the_o inner_a black_a and_o glossie_n of_o the_o rest_n the_o interior_a i._n e._n those_o next_o the_o body_n be_v black_a with_o a_o gloss_n of_o blue_a the_o exterior_a dusky_a or_o black_a of_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a five_o the_o exterior_a edge_n in_o the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v somewhat_o white_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o low_a covert-feather_n be_v cinereous_a in_o the_o interior_a more_o in_o the_o exterior_a less_o the_o next_o to_o these_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o back_n the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o black_a and_o shine_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o cock_n be_v of_o equal_a bigness_n to_o the_o hen_n but_o have_v a_o flatter_a crown_n and_o excel_v she_o in_o the_o beauty_n of_o his_o colour_n they_o feed_v most_o willing_o upon_o those_o bud_n of_o tree_n which_o break_v forth_o before_o indeed_o be_v pregnant_a with_o the_o leaf_n and_o flower_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o appletree_n pear-tree_n peach-tree_n and_o other_o garden-tree_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n bring_v no_o small_a detriment_n to_o the_o gardener_n who_o therefore_o hate_n and_o destroy_v they_o as_o a_o great_a pest_n of_o their_o garden_n intercept_n their_o hope_n of_o fruit._n turner_n write_v that_o they_o be_v very_o docile_a bird_n and_o will_v near_o imitate_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o pipe_n or_o the_o whistle_n of_o a_o man_n with_o their_o voice_n they_o be_v much_o esteem_v for_o their_o sing_n with_o we_o in_o england_n and_o deserve_o in_o my_o judgement_n for_o therein_o they_o excel_v all_o small_a bird_n if_o perchance_o you_o except_v the_o linnet_n i_o hear_v say_v aldrovandus_n that_o the_o hen_n in_o this_o kind_n sing_v as_o well_o as_o the_o cock_n contrary_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o most_o other_o sort_n of_o bird_n §._o ii_o *_o the_o american_n bulfinch_n or_o guiratirica_fw-la of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n have_v a_o thick_a straight_a bill_n dusky_a above_o underneath_o white_a and_o a_o little_a incarnate_a its_o leg_n be_v cinereous_a with_o four_o toe_n stand_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o whole_a head_n with_o the_o throat_n and_o the_o low_a and_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o rare_a sanguine_a colour_n the_o eye_n blue_a the_o ear-hole_n large_a the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o whole_a breast_n and_o low_a belly_n be_v cover_v with_o 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into_o a_o sharp_a point_n turn_v upward_o the_o upper_a bend_v downward_o neither_o do_v they_o always_o observe_v the_o same_o side_n for_o in_o some_o bird_n the_o upper_a chap_n hang_v down_o on_o the_o right_a side_n the_o nether_a rise_v up_o on_o the_o left_a in_o other_o contrariwise_o the_o low_a take_v the_o right_a side_n the_o upper_a the_o left_a the_o low_a chap_n be_v like_o the_o chafinche_n neither_o be_v the_o tongue_n different_a the_o nostril_n be_v round_o the_o ear_n great_a and_o wide_o the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n from_o grey_a tend_v to_o a_o hazel-colour_n the_o foot_n dusky_a the_o claw_n black_a the_o low_a joint_n of_o the_o outmost_a toe_n stick_v to_o that_o of_o the_o middlemost_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o back_n and_o head_n feather_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n green_a in_o the_o head_n there_o be_v something_o of_o cinereous_a mix_v with_o the_o other_o colour_n the_o rump_n be_v green_a the_o chin_n ash-coloured_a the_o breast_n green_a the_o belly_n white_a only_o under_o the_o tail_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a or_o dusky_a each_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o quil-feather_n all_o blackish_a only_o the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o foremost_a be_v green_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o and_o black_a with_o green_a edge_n the_o gut_n have_v many_o spiral_n convolution_n the_o blind_a gut_n be_v very_o short_a this_o bird_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o autumn_n he_o that_o sell_v it_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o change_v colour_n thrice_o in_o a_o year_n be_v green_a in_o the_o autumn_n yellow_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o red_a in_o the_o spring_n gesner_n also_o say_v that_o they_o be_v first_o of_o all_o red_a on_o the_o breast_n neck_n and_o belly_n that_o then_o they_o grow_v yellow_a and_o that_o they_o change_v colour_n especial_o in_o winter_n some_o affirm_v that_o it_o change_v colour_v every_o year_n so_o that_o it_o sometime_o decline_v more_o to_o yellow_a sometime_o to_o green_a red_z or_o ash-colour_n that_o it_o change_v its_o colour_n with_o age_n or_o according_a to_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n we_o can_v but_o think_v probable_a be_v so_o well_o attest_v perchance_o also_o in_o the_o same_o age_n and_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o colour_n in_o divers_a bird_n may_v be_v different_a for_o we_o see_v and_o buy_v at_o nurenberg_n in_o germany_n two_o of_o this_o sort_n of_o bird_n bring_v up_o together_o in_o one_o cage_n of_o which_o one_o be_v green_a the_o other_z red_z when_o the_o summer_n be_v almost_o spend_v and_o autumn_n come_v on_o but_o however_o the_o colour_n may_v differ_v this_o bird_n be_v sufficient_o characterise_v by_o the_o make_v of_o it_o bill_n keep_v in_o cage_n
worse_a than_o the_o former_a it_o be_v recover_v by_o give_v your_o bird_n some_o melon-seed_n shred_n and_o lettuce_n seed_n and_o beet_n seed_n bruise_v and_o in_o his_o water_n some_o liquorice_n and_o white_a sugar-candy_n with_o a_o little_a flour_n of_o oatmeal_n you_o must_v be_v diligent_a at_o the_o first_o to_o observe_v he_o when_o he_o be_v sick_a that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v a_o stomach_n to_o eat_v for_o in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n his_o stomach_n will_v be_v quite_o go_v and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v hard_o recover_v he_o again_o the_o three_o and_o worst_a sort_n of_o scour_v be_v the_o white_a clammy_a scour_n which_o be_v dangerous_a and_o mortal_a if_o not_o well_o look_v after_o at_o the_o first_o this_o be_v occasion_v by_o bad_a seed_n and_o many_o time_n for_o want_n of_o water_n if_o it_o be_v not_o take_v at_o the_o first_o appearance_n it_o immediate_o cause_v he_o to_o droop_v and_o fall_v from_o his_o meat_n and_o then_o all_o medicine_n be_v useless_a first_o give_v he_o flax-seed_n take_v away_o all_o other_o seed_n then_o give_v he_o plantain-seed_n if_o green_a otherwise_o they_o will_v do_v he_o no_o good_a for_o want_v of_o plantain-seed_n give_v he_o some_o of_o the_o leave_n shred_v small_a and_o some_o oatmeal_n bruise_v with_o a_o few_o crumb_n of_o bread_n and_o in_o his_o water_n give_v he_o some_o white_a sugar-candy_n and_o liquorice_n with_o a_o blade_n or_o two_o of_o saffron_n to_o avoid_v the_o peril_n of_o scour_v olina_n advise_v to_o let_v he_o have_v always_o a_o piece_n of_o chalk_n in_o his_o cage_n §._o iii_o the_o great_a redheaded_a linnet_n linaria_fw-la rubra_fw-la major_n this_o be_v something_o less_o than_o the_o common_a linnet_n its_o bill_n short_a thick_a of_o a_o conical_a figure_n like_o the_o chaffinche_n the_o upper_a chap_n black_a the_o low_a at_o the_o base_a white_a the_o tongue_n sharp_a and_o as_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o as_o in_o the_o chaffinch_n the_o nostril_n round_o the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n adorn_v with_o a_o red_a or_o sanguine_a colour_n but_o not_o very_o bright_a and_o shine_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n round_o about_o be_v cinereous_a the_o shoulder_n back_o and_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v red_a the_o breast_n be_v tincture_v with_o red_a the_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a red_a or_o spadiceous_a colour_n the_o outmost_a quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a the_o inner_a dusky_a the_o exterior_a edge_n of_o the_o eight_o outmost_a exclude_v the_o first_o be_v white_a the_o white_a from_o the_o bottom_n towards_o the_o top_n extend_v itself_o in_o breadth_n in_o every_o feather_n more_o and_o more_o in_o order_n till_o in_o the_o nine_o feather_n it_o reach_v almost_o to_o the_o tip_n these_o white_a edge_n in_o the_o wing_n complicate_v concur_v to_o make_v up_o a_o white_a spot_n external_o conspicuous_a from_o the_o nine_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o six_o or_o seven_o succeed_v be_v blunt_a and_o indent_a the_o interior_a margin_n of_o all_o the_o quil-feather_n be_v white_a and_o the_o tip_n also_o of_o those_o towards_o the_o body_n or_o set_v on_o of_o the_o wing_n the_o tail_n be_v something_o fork_a two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o the_o usual_a number_n of_o twelve_o feather_n all_o sharp-pointed_a and_o of_o two_o colour_n both_o edge_n as_o well_o inner_a as_o outer_a be_v white_a but_o the_o outer_a more_o which_o colour_n in_o the_o extreme_a or_o outmost_a feather_n take_v up_o almost_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o the_o exterior_a web_n in_o the_o rest_n it_o grow_v narrow_a and_o narrow_a by_o degree_n to_o the_o middlemost_a which_o be_v almost_o whole_o black_a the_o very_a extreme_a edge_n only_o remain_v white_a the_o feather_n incumbent_a on_o the_o tail_n in_o the_o middle_n along_o the_o shaft_n be_v dusky_a their_o outside_n be_v white_a it_o have_v small_a leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o red_a dusky_a colour_n but_o not_o perfect_o black_a black_a claw_n the_o hinder_v the_o big_a the_o two_o outer_a claw_n equal_v one_o to_o the_o other_o there_o be_v also_o the_o like_a cohesion_n between_o the_o outmost_a and_o middle_a toe_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n in_o the_o female_a neither_o be_v the_o back_n bay_fw-mi nor_o the_o crown_n or_o breast_n red_a but_o the_o back_o dusky_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o green_a the_o breast_n of_o a_o dirty_a yellow_a vary_v with_o dusky_a spot_n the_o other_o note_n agree_v in_o both_o sex_n it_o weigh_v five_o drachm_n from_o tip_n of_o bill_n to_o end_v of_o tail_n be_v five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n but_o five_o a_o line_n of_o nine_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n measure_v the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o it_o be_v common_a on_o the_o seacoast_n §._o iv._o the_o lesser_a redheaded_a linnet_n linaria_fw-la rubra_fw-la minor_fw-la this_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o precedent_n the_o back_o colour_a like_o the_o common_a linnet_n the_o forehead_n adorn_v with_o a_o remarkable_a shine_a red_a spot_n the_o bill_n like_o that_o of_o the_o great_a red_a linnet_n but_o less_o the_o breast_n red_a the_o low_a belly_n white_a the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n dusky_a the_o tail_n about_o two_o inch_n long_o and_o something_o fork_a the_o outmost_a border_n or_o edge_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail-feather_n round_o be_v white_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v dusky_a the_o claw_n black_a and_o long_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bird_n but_o the_o leg_n very_o short_a the_o like_a cohesion_n or_o adnascency_n of_o the_o outmost_a and_o middle_a toe_n at_o bottom_n as_o in_o other_o small_a bird_n in_o this_o kind_a the_o female_a also_o have_v a_o spot_n on_o her_o head_n but_o more_o dilute_a than_o that_o of_o the_o cock_n and_o of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n this_o bird_n differ_v from_o the_o precedent_n red_a linnet_n in_o many_o particular_n 1._o in_o that_o it_o be_v less_o 2._o that_o it_o have_v a_o lesser_a and_o sharp_a bill_n 3._o that_o the_o hen_n agree_v with_o the_o cock_n in_o the_o spot_n on_o its_o head_n though_o it_o be_v pale_a 4._o that_o the_o leg_n and_o foot_n in_o this_o be_v black_a 5._o that_o the_o border_n of_o white_a about_o the_o tail-feather_n be_v narrow_a 6._o that_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n be_v white_a make_v a_o transverse_a white_a line_n across_o the_o wing_n last_o that_o this_o bird_n be_v gregarious_a fly_v in_o flock_n not_o that_o aldrovandus_n describe_v two_o sort_n of_o red_a linnet_n neither_o of_o which_o agree_v with_o either_o of_o we_o in_o all_o point_n see_v their_o description_n in_o his_o ornithology_n §._o v._o the_o mountain_n linnet_n linaria_fw-la montana_n this_o be_v find_v by_o mr._n fr._n jessop_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o peak_n of_o derbyshire_n and_o send_v to_o we_o it_o be_v twice_o as_o big_a as_o the_o precedent_n the_o colour_n of_o its_o head_n and_o back_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o common_a linnet_n for_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n of_o both_o be_v black_a but_o the_o outside_n or_o edge_n of_o those_o on_o the_o back_o red_a on_o the_o head_n cinereous_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o throat_n and_o breast_n be_v also_o black_a but_o the_o edge_n whitish_a only_o the_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o very_a fair_a shine_a scarlet_a or_o orange-tawny_a colour_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o middle_a quill_n feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a as_o be_v also_o the_o tip_n of_o those_o of_o the_o second_o row_n the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o middle_n be_v all_o over_o of_o one_o uniform_a brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n of_o the_o rest_n as_o well_o the_o outer_a as_o inner_a edge_n be_v white_a these_o white_a edge_n in_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v broad_a than_o in_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v like_a that_o of_o the_o precedent_n viz._n less_o for_o the_o proportion_n of_o its_o body_n than_o that_o of_o the_o second_o species_n the_o whole_a bird_n from_o bill_n to_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a to_o the_o claw_n five_o and_o a_o half_a chap._n xii_o the_o siskin_n spinus_fw-la sive_fw-la ligurinus_n it_o be_v head_n be_v black_a the_o upper_a side_n of_o its_o body_n viz._n neck_n and_o back_o be_v green_a yet_o the_o shaft_n shaft_n of_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o back_o be_v black_a and_o the_o neck_n be_v dark_a than_o the_o back_n seem_v to_o partake_v something_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o head_n the_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o greenish_a yellow_a the_o throat_n and_o breast_n
end_n in_o sharp_a point_n the_o foot_n from_o flesh_n colour_n decline_v to_o black_a the_o claw_n be_v black_a the_o outmost_a and_o middle_a toe_n join_v at_o bottom_n the_o back-toe_n great_a and_o strong_a the_o blind_a gut_n short_a and_o thick_a it_o have_v a_o gallbladder_n the_o stomach_n be_v musculous_a in_o it_o open_v we_o find_v seed_n etc._n etc._n the_o hen_n as_o in_o most_o bird_n be_v not_o so_o fair-coloured_n the_o ring_n about_o her_o neck_n be_v dark_a and_o scarce_o appear_v the_o head_n back_o shoulder_n and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o dirty_a red_a viz._n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a and_o the_o outside_n red_a at_o the_o base_a of_o the_o wing_n be_v red_a feather_n the_o throat_n be_v particoloured_a of_o red_a black_a and_o cinereous_a §._o v._o the_o hortulane_n of_o the_o italian_n hortulanus_fw-la aldrov_n tordino_n berluccio_n at_o venice_n it_o be_v equal_a and_o very_a like_a to_o the_o yellow-hammer_n that_o which_o i_o j._n r._n see_v and_o describe_v at_o florence_n seem_v to_o i_o somewhat_o less_o and_o longer-bodied_n the_o hen_n measure_v from_o bill_n to_o tail_n exceed_v seven_o inch_n length_n be_v in_o our_o usual_a way_n of_o measure_v ten_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v short_a viz._n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n scarce_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o thick_a at_o base_a sharp_a at_o point_n of_o a_o red_a or_o flesh_n colour_n in_o the_o cock_n in_o the_o hen_n the_o upper_a chap_n be_v black_a the_o low_a blue_a the_o knob_v on_o the_o upper_a chap_n be_v much_o less_o than_o in_o the_o yellowhammer_n the_o side_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v sharp_a the_o upper_a mandible_a have_v on_o each_o side_n a_o angle_n or_o furrow_v impress_v to_o which_o answer_v a_o tough_a or_o angular_a eminency_n in_o the_o low_a as_o in_o the_o bunting_n the_o figure_n whereof_o for_o the_o clear_a apprehension_n and_o understanding_n of_o what_o we_o say_v be_v to_o be_v view_v the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a dusky_a the_o claw_n black_a in_o the_o cock_n the_o leg_n be_v red_a the_o back-toe_n be_v great_a the_o inner_a and_o outer_a fore-toe_n be_v of_o equal_a length_n the_o outmost_a from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n stick_v fast_o to_o the_o middlemost_a without_o any_o membrane_n intervening_a as_o in_o most_o small_a bird_n the_o throat_n and_o breast_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o underside_n to_o the_o very_a tail_n be_v red_a the_o rump_n of_o a_o deep_a red_n the_o head_n of_o a_o brown_a or_o dusky_a ash-colour_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a as_o they_o be_v likewise_o on_o the_o back_n have_v their_o edge_n of_o a_o red_a ash-colour_n in_o the_o cock_n the_o breast_n be_v more_o red_a under_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o yellow_a spot_n the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o green_a and_o cinereous_a the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o back-feather_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o red_a and_o cinereous_a or_o red_a and_o green_a the_o rump_n be_v green_a the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o in_o almost_o all_o small_a bird_n be_v eighteen_o in_o number_n of_o which_o the_o great_a have_v their_o edge_n of_o a_o greenish_a white_a the_o lesser_a or_o interior_a of_o a_o red_a the_o tip_n of_o all_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n have_v their_o tip_n white_a and_o exterior_a edge_n red_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o three_o row_n be_v also_o white_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o lesser_a covert_n be_v cinereous_a the_o tail_n be_v almost_o three_o inch_n long_o and_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o middle_a and_o outmost_a be_v something_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n for_o colour_v the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a with_o red_a edge_n the_o three_o next_o on_o both_o side_n black_a the_o outmost_a but_o one_o have_v the_o upper_a half_n of_o their_o interior_a web_n white_a the_o outmost_a have_v more_o white_a on_o the_o interior_a web_n and_o some_o also_o on_o the_o exterior_a the_o gallbladder_n be_v little_a and_o the_o gall_n within_o yellow_a it_o be_v very_o like_o our_o reed-sparrow_n with_o a_o white_a ring_n about_o its_o neck_n yet_o differ_v manifest_o from_o it_o in_o some_o mark_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a kind_n 1._o in_o its_o place_n this_o abide_n chief_o among_o reed_n whereas_o the_o hortulane_n frequent_v garden_n especial_o as_o the_o name_n import_v 2._o in_o colour_n the_o hortulane_n being_n more_o red_a and_o want_v the_o ring_n about_o the_o neck_n which_o this_o have_v and_o beside_o have_v a_o yellow_a spot_n under_o the_o throat_n which_o this_o want_n 24._o aldrovand_n set_v forth_o six_o kind_n or_o variety_n of_o this_o bird_n 1._o the_o first_o be_v all_o yellow_a almost_o of_o a_o straw-colour_n except_v the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tip_n of_o the_o quil-feather_n which_o be_v white_a 2._o the_o second_o be_v all_o over_o white_a 3._o the_o three_o call_v also_o by_o the_o fowler_n a_o hortulane_n be_v indeed_o a_o bird_n whole_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o hortulane_n but_o something_o different_a in_o colour_n it_o be_v head_n from_o cinereous_a incline_v to_o yellow_a its_o neck_n be_v cinereous_a but_o speckled_a with_o black_a its_o belly_n leg_n and_o foot_n yellow_a the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o quil-feather_n white_a the_o other_o part_v partly_o black_a and_o partly_o cinereous_a the_o whole_a tail_n brown_a but_o yellow_a on_o the_o side_n 4._o the_o four_o have_v a_o green_a head_n and_o neck_n a_o red_a bill_n ash-coloured_a leg_n else_o it_o be_v black_a yet_o have_v it_o on_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o also_o in_o two_o of_o the_o quil-feather_n only_o a_o oblong_a white_a spot_n 5._o the_o five_o i_o may_v call_v a_o white-tailed_a hortulane_n for_o its_o tail_n be_v white_a else_o it_o be_v like_o the_o common_a hortulanes_n but_o in_o all_o part_n pale_a 6._o the_o last_o some_o of_o our_o fowler_n reckon_v a_o kind_n of_o spipola_n other_o a_o kind_n of_o hortulane_n and_o indeed_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o congenerous_a rather_o to_o the_o spipolae_fw-la than_o the_o hortulanes_n for_o its_o bill_n be_v long_o and_o its_o leg_n and_o foot_n dusky_a which_o in_o the_o hortulanes_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v yellow_a it_o be_v whole_a body_n also_o be_v dusky_a the_o breast_n only_o and_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a §._o vi_o *_o a_o bird_n call_v by_o ult_n aldrovand_n cirlus_n stultus_fw-la it_o be_v equal_a in_o bigness_n to_o the_o yellow-hammer_n above_o describe_v of_o the_o same_o make_v and_o habit_n of_o body_n the_o very_a same_o figure_n and_o shape_n though_o it_o differ_v in_o colour_n it_o will_v also_o willing_o fly_v to_o and_o company_n with_o they_o shut_v up_o in_o cage_n as_o to_o bird_n of_o its_o own_o feather_n and_o beside_o it_o constant_o no_o less_o than_o they_o as_o well_o fly_v as_o rest_v ingeminate_v this_o word_n ci_o ci._n whence_o also_o in_o some_o place_n as_o at_o genoa_n it_o be_v not_o undeserved_o call_v cia_n or_o for_o distinction_n sake_n cia_fw-la selvatica_fw-la or_o cia_fw-la montanina_fw-la and_o by_o our_o bolognese_n cirlomatto_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o head_n behind_o and_o all_o the_o back_o be_v adorn_v with_o a_o rusty_a ferrugineous_a colour_n distinguish_v with_o pretty_a large_a black_a spot_n from_o the_o bill_n over_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v extend_v a_o ash-coloured_a line_n tend_v to_o white_a the_o breast_n and_o all_o the_o belly_n be_v whole_o take_v up_o with_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v blackish_a yet_o their_o outmost_a border_n terminate_v in_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n beside_o the_o wing_n have_v some_o white_a spot_n in_o the_o tail_n be_v one_o or_o two_o feather_n on_o each_o side_n partly_o blackish_a and_o partly_o white_a we_o have_v subjoin_v this_o bird_n to_o the_o yellow-hammer_n and_o hortulanes_n to_o which_o it_o be_v of_o kin_n though_o whether_o or_o no_o it_o proper_o pertain_v to_o this_o family_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v omit_v in_o aldrovands_n description_n we_o can_v certain_o determine_v the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o ornithology_n of_o francis_n willughby_n esq_n of_o waterfowl_n waterfowl_n be_v either_o clovenfooted_n which_o be_v much_o conversant_a in_o or_o about_o water_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n seek_v their_o food_n in_o watery_a place_n almost_o all_o these_o have_v long_a leg_n naked_a or_o bare_a of_o feather_n for_o a_o good_a way_n above_o the_o knee_n that_o they_o may_v
more_o convenient_o wade_v in_o water_n or_o whole-footed_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n and_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n short-leged_a those_o that_o live_v much_o about_o water_n be_v either_o first_o of_o great_a size_n the_o big_a of_o this_o kind_n have_v each_o something_o singular_a and_o be_v not_o reducible_a to_o any_o other_o tribe_n which_o therefore_o as_o straggler_n and_o anomalous_a bird_n we_o have_v place_v by_o themselves_o though_o they_o agree_v in_o nothing_o but_o their_o bigness_n or_o second_o of_o lesser_a size_n these_o lesser_a be_v either_o fish_n piscivorous_a or_o such_o as_o suck_v a_o nourish_a fat_a juice_n or_o moisture_n out_o of_o muddy_a and_o boggy_a ground_n or_o infect_v insectivorous_a the_o piscivorous_a be_v heron_n stork_n etc._n etc._n the_o limosugae_fw-la or_o mudsucker_n may_v be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o bill_n into_o such_o as_o have_v very_o long_a bill_n either_o crooked_a as_o the_o curlew_n or_o straight_o as_o the_o woodcock_n the_o insectivorous_a water-bird_n have_v either_o bill_n of_o a_o middle_a size_n for_o length_n as_o the_o himantopus_n or_o short_a bill_n as_o the_o plover_n lapwing_n etc._n etc._n we_o call_v those_o bird_n mudsucker_n which_o suck_v out_o of_o the_o mud_n or_o channel_n some_o oily_a slime_n or_o juice_n wherewith_o they_o be_v nourish_v whence_o they_o have_v delicate_a flesh_n and_o their_o very_a gut_n not_o empty_v or_o cleanse_v from_o the_o excrement_n be_v usual_o eat_v these_o have_v very_o long_a bill_n for_o this_o purpose_n broad_a near_o the_o tip_n and_o fine_o chamfer_v or_o wrought_v with_o line_n speckled_a body_n two_o toe_n somewhat_o join_v all_o broad_a that_o they_o may_v not_o easy_o sink_v as_o they_o walk_v upon_o muddy_a and_o boggy_a ground_n but_o because_o we_o be_v not_o so_o skilful_a as_o that_o we_o can_v certain_o determine_v what_o bird_n belong_v to_o each_o of_o these_o kind_n we_o shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o distinguish_v clovenfooted_n waterfowl_n not_o piscivorous_a by_o the_o different_a length_n of_o their_o bill_n into_o three_o kind_n the_o first_o shall_v be_v of_o those_o that_o have_v the_o long_a bill_n whether_o straight_o as_o the_o woodcock_n etc._n etc._n or_o crooked_a as_o the_o curlew_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o of_o such_o who_o bill_n be_v of_o a_o middle_a length_n as_o the_o himantopus_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o of_o short-billed_a bird_n as_o the_o plover_n lapwing_n etc._n etc._n those_o we_o call_v long-billed_a who_o bill_n exceed_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a length_n those_o middle-sized_a who_o bill_n be_v of_o any_o length_n between_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o one_o and_o a_o half_a those_o short-billed_a who_o bill_n exceed_v not_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a most_o waterfowl_n have_v a_o short_a tail_n none_o of_o they_o have_v their_o foot_n so_o dispose_v as_o woodpecker_n and_o parrot_n that_o be_v two_o forward_a and_o two_o backward_a none_o have_v more_o than_o one_o back_o toe_n among_o waterfowl_n of_o all_o kind_n those_o that_o feed_v upon_o fish_n have_v the_o rank_a and_o stronger-sented_n flesh_n the_o first_o part_n of_o clovenfooted_n waterfowl_n wade_v in_o water_n or_o frequent_v watery_a place_n the_o first_o section_n the_o great_a clovenfooted_n waterfowl_n of_o a_o singular_a kind_n chap._n i._n §_o i._o the_o crane_n grus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d graecis_fw-la this_o be_v a_o large-bodied_n fowl_n weigh_v sometime_o ten_o pound_n measure_v from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v well_o nigh_o five_o foot_n long_o that_o it_o have_v a_o very_a long_a neck_n be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o write_v it_o its_o leg_n also_o be_v very_o long_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o sharp-pointed_a of_o a_o dark_a greenish_a colour_n near_o four_o inch_n long_o compress_v sideways_o its_o tongue_n broad_a and_o horny_a at_o the_o tip_n the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n black_a from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o hinder_a part_n cover_v with_o black_a hair_n or_o bristle_v rather_o than_o feather_n on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o space_n or_o bed_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_n bare_a or_o thin_a set_v with_o hair_n and_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n below_o which_o on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v a_o triangular_a spot_n of_o ash-coloured_a feather_n two_o white_a line_n or_o stroke_n one_o from_o each_o eye_n be_v produce_v backward_o and_o meet_v behind_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o now_o mention_v triangular_a spot_n be_v thence_o continue_v as_o far_o as_o the_o breast_n the_o throat_n and_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o black_a hue_n the_o back_n shoulder_n covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n joint_n breast_n and_o all_o the_o belly_n and_o thigh_n be_v ash-coloured_a only_o the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o those_o on_o the_o utmost_a pinion_v be_v black_a the_o wing_n be_v very_o large_a the_o quil-feather_n be_v in_o number_n twenty_o four_o and_o as_o we_o say_v black_a yet_o the_o lesser_a of_o they_o from_o black_a incline_v to_o red_a or_o russet_a as_o do_v also_o the_o primary_n covert-feather_n which_o be_v on_o the_o utmost_a joint_n or_o pinion_v the_o tail_n for_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bird_n be_v small_a and_o short_a round_o when_o spread_v consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n all_o cinereous_a with_o black_a tip_n the_o leg_n be_v black_a bare_a of_o feather_n for_o a_o hand_n breadth_n above_o the_o knee_n the_o toe_n black_a and_o very_o long_o the_o low_a joint_n of_o the_o outmost_a and_o middle_a toe_n connect_v by_o a_o thick_a membrane_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o rare_a and_o especial_o remarkable_a yea_o wonderful_a in_o this_o bird_n be_v the_o conformation_n of_o the_o windpipe_n for_o enter_v far_o into_o the_o breast_n bone_n which_o have_v a_o great_a cavity_n within_o to_o receive_v it_o and_o be_v there_o thrice_o reflect_v as_o the_o figure_n adjoin_v to_o the_o sculp_v of_o the_o crane_n represent_v go_v out_o again_o at_o the_o same_o hole_n and_o so_o turn_v down_o to_o the_o lung_n the_o blind_a gut_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o the_o stomach_n or_o gizzard_n musculous_a as_o in_o granivorous_a bird_n the_o flesh_n be_v very_o savoury_a and_o well-tasted_n not_o to_o say_v delicate_a we_o see_v many_o crane_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o poulterer_n shop_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o winter_n time_n which_o i_o suppose_v have_v be_v shoot_v on_o the_o sea-coast_n they_o come_v often_o to_o we_o in_o england_n and_o in_o the_o fen-country_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o cambridgeshire_n there_o be_v great_a flock_n of_o they_o but_o whether_o or_o no_o they_o breed_v in_o england_n as_o aldrovandus_n write_v he_o be_v tell_v by_o a_o certain_a english_a man_n who_o say_v he_o have_v often_o see_v their_o young_a one_o i_o can_v certain_o determine_v either_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n or_o from_o the_o relation_n of_o any_o credible_a person_n the_o delicate_a taste_n of_o the_o flesh_n and_o the_o musculous_a stomach_n be_v sufficient_a argument_n to_o evince_n that_o this_o bird_n feed_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o fish_n but_o only_o upon_o herb_n grain_n and_o seed_n of_o divers_a sort_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a upon_o infect_v too_o as_o the_o author_n also_o that_o have_v write_v of_o it_o unanimous_o report_n crane_n differ_v from_o heron_n 1._o in_o that_o the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n be_v not_o serrate_v as_o in_o heron_n 2._o in_o bigness_n wherein_o they_o exceed_v they_o 3._o in_o have_v a_o short_a bill_n and_o 4._o a_o musculous_a stomach_n or_o gizzard_n 5._o two_o appendix_n or_o blind_a gut_n whereas_o heron_n have_v but_o one_o 6._o in_o the_o strange_a revolution_n of_o the_o windpipe_n within_o the_o breastbone_n §._o ii_o the_o indian_a crane_n this_o be_v lesser_a than_o our_o common_a crane_n but_o of_o the_o same_o ash-colour_n its_o tail_n be_v short_a and_o scarce_o conspicuous_a be_v hide_v by_o the_o wing_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o narrow_a and_o long_o in_o proportion_n than_o the_o bill_n of_o the_o common_a crane_n its_o nostril_n oblong_v the_o chief_a difference_n be_v that_o in_o this_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n only_o set_v with_o thin_a hair_n rough-skined_a and_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n this_o we_o see_v among_o his_o majesty_n rare_a bird_n keep_v in_o st._n james_n park_n near_o westminster_n §._o iii_o the_o balearic_a crane_n grus_fw-la balearica_n aldrov_n pavo_n marinus_fw-la 11._o clus_o for_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o body_n it_o be_v like_a to_o a_o stork_n yet_o its_o bill_n be_v short_a not_o only_o than_o a_o stork_n but_o than_o a_o crane_n it_o have_v upon_o its_o head_n a_o thick_a round_a crest_n make_v
call_v by_o late_a writer_n butorius_fw-la and_o botaurus_n and_o by_o aristotle_n also_o ocnus_n in_o bigness_n it_o fall_v not_o much_o short_a of_o the_o common_a heron-shaw_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n be_v thirty_o eight_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o nine_o it_o be_v head_n be_v small_a narrow_a or_o compress_v at_o side_n the_o crown_n black_a at_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n on_o each_o side_n be_v a_o black_a spot_n the_o throat_n and_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v red_a with_o narrow_a transverse_a black_a line_n the_o neck_n be_v clothe_v with_o very_o long_a feather_n seem_v to_o be_v both_o short_a and_o much_o great_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v the_o long_a feather_n on_o the_o breast_n be_v black_a in_o their_o middle_n the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o the_o low_a belly_n be_v white_a with_o a_o light_a tincture_n of_o red_a the_o outside_n of_o the_o thigh_n be_v variegated_a with_o black_a spot_n the_o back_n be_v particoloured_a of_o pale_a red_a or_o feville_a mort_fw-fr and_o black_a with_o cinereous_a also_o mingle_v the_o black_a spot_n be_v great_a there_o than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o throat_n be_v white_a the_o great_a or_o quill-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v short_a than_o in_o the_o common_a heron._n the_o tip_n of_o the_o great_a feather_n be_v black_a else_o they_o be_v all_o variegated_a with_o transverse_a red_a and_o black_a line_n the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a red_n the_o tail_n be_v very_o short_a and_o little_a make_v up_o of_o ten_o feather_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o wing-feather_n the_o black_a stroke_n or_o mark_n between_o the_o shoulder_n be_v broad_a and_o tend_v downward_o but_o the_o red_a colour_n be_v pale_a languish_v into_o a_o yellow_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o strong_a thick_a at_o the_o head_n and_o grow_a slenderer_n by_o degree_n to_o the_o point_n of_o a_o greenish_a colour_n and_o have_v sharp_a side_n or_o edge_n the_o side_n of_o the_o low_a mandible_a fall_n within_o the_o upper_a when_o the_o mouth_n be_v shut_v the_o upper_a chap_n have_v a_o long_a cranny_n or_o furrow_n or_o channel_n excavate_v on_o each_o side_n wherein_o be_v the_o nostril_n the_o tongue_n be_v sharp_a not_o cleave_v reach_v scarce_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bill_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n from_o hazel_n incline_v to_o yellow_a in_o another_o bird_n they_o be_v red_a the_o slit_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v very_o wide_a run_v out_o beyond_o the_o eye_n towards_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n so_o that_o the_o eye_n seem_v to_o be_v situate_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o very_a bill_n under_o the_o eye_n the_o skin_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n and_o of_o a_o green_a colour_n the_o ear_n be_v great_a and_o wide_a open_a the_o shanks_n be_v bare_a a_o little_a above_o the_o knee_n the_o foot_n green_a the_o toe_n great_a and_o very_o long_o arm_v also_o with_o long_a and_o strong_a talon_n that_o of_o the_o middle_a toe_n serrate_v on_o the_o interior_a edge_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n viz._n of_o hold_v fast_o eel_n and_o other_o slippery_a fish_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o back-claw_a which_o be_v remarkable_o thick_a and_o long_o above_o the_o rest_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v set_v in_o silver_n for_o a_o picktooth_n and_o be_v think_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a property_n of_o preserve_v the_o tooth_n the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a at_o bottom_n by_o a_o membrane_n they_o say_v that_o it_o give_v always_o a_o odd_a number_n of_o bomb_n at_o a_o time_n viz._n three_o or_o five_o which_o in_o my_o own_o observation_n i_o have_v find_v to_o be_v false_a it_o begin_v to_o bellow_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o february_n and_o cease_v when_o breed_a time_n be_v over_o the_o common_a people_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o thrust_v its_o bill_n into_o a_o reed_n by_o the_o help_n whereof_o it_o make_v that_o low_a or_o drum_n noise_n other_o say_v that_o it_o thrust_v its_o bill_n into_o the_o water_n or_o mud_n or_o earth_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n imitate_v the_o lowing_n of_o a_o ox._n it_o hide_v itself_o common_o among_o reed_n and_o rush_n and_o sometime_o lie_v in_o hedge_n with_o its_o neck_n and_o head_n erect_v in_o the_o autumn_n after_o sunset_n these_o bird_n be_v wont_a to_o soar_v aloft_o in_o the_o air_n with_o a_o spiral_n ascent_n so_o high_a till_o they_o get_v quite_o out_o of_o sight_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n make_v a_o singular_a kind_n of_o noise_n nothing_o like_o to_o low_v as_o for_o the_o interior_a part_n the_o annulary_a cartilage_n of_o the_o windpipe_n after_o its_o divarication_n be_v not_o entire_a or_o perfect_o round_o but_o only_a semicircular_a the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o thin_a loose_a membrane_n they_o stand_v also_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o than_o before_o the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n and_o have_v its_o gallbladder_n annex_v the_o interior_a membrane_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v wrinkle_v and_o full_a of_o papillary_a glandule_n beneath_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v as_o be_v be_v a_o secondary_a stomach_n of_o a_o singular_a structure_n and_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o letter_n ∽_o have_v a_o thick_a coat_n and_o be_v rugged_a and_o uneven_a with_o fold_n or_o wrinkle_n within_o the_o first_o stomach_n be_v lax_n and_o membranous_a rather_o than_o musculous_a like_o a_o dog_n stomach_n as_o bellonius_fw-la right_o compare_v it_o it_o have_v no_o craw_n only_o one_o blind_a gut_n like_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n half_o a_o inch_n long_o the_o gullet_n just_a below_o the_o bill_n may_v be_v vast_o dilate_v so_o as_o to_o admit_v a_o man_n fist_n in_o the_o stomach_n dissect_v we_o find_v the_o fur_n and_o bone_n of_o mouse_n instead_o of_o the_o transverse_a rib_n be_v only_o small_a appendix_n the_o vertebre_n next_o the_o head_n be_v bend_v downward_o all_o the_o rest_n up_o ward_n the_o breastbone_n be_v bow_n arcuate_v the_o angle_n or_o aperture_n of_o the_o breastbone_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o a_o thin_a loose_a pellucid_a membrane_n the_o gullet_n and_o windpipe_n descend_v down_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n it_o have_v also_o a_o bony_a appendix_n in_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o merrithought_n but_o less_o than_o the_o common_a heron._n it_o be_v call_v by_o late_a writer_n butorius_fw-la and_o botaurus_n because_o it_o seem_v to_o imitate_v boatum_fw-la tauri_fw-la the_o bellow_n of_o a_o bull._n the_o author_n of_o philomela_n call_v it_o butio_n but_o his_o mistake_n be_v so_o many_o that_o no_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o his_o authority_n some_o have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v the_o onocrotalus_n because_o of_o its_o voice_n which_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n seem_v to_o i_o much_o more_o to_o imitate_v the_o bray_n of_o a_o ass_n than_o the_o low_v of_o a_o bull_n but_o pliny_n have_v so_o exact_o describe_v the_o onocrotalus_n that_o no_o man_n that_o shall_v compare_v the_o note_n with_o the_o bird_n can_v possible_o doubt_v that_o it_o be_v that_o we_o common_o call_v the_o pelecan_n though_o those_o that_o have_v see_v and_o observe_v it_o never_o hear_v it_o make_v any_o such_o bray_a noise_n when_o keep_v tame_a which_o be_v something_o strange_a unless_o perhaps_o be_v discontent_v with_o its_o captivity_n it_o delight_v not_o to_o make_v that_o noise_n it_o do_v when_o at_o liberty_n the_o bittern_n be_v say_v above_o all_o other_o bird_n to_o strike_v at_o man_n eye_n it_o build_v upon_o the_o ground_n common_o in_o a_o tuft_n of_o rush_n lay_v four_o or_o five_o egg_n of_o a_o round_a figure_n and_o whitish_a colour_n incline_v to_o cinereous_a or_o green_a not_o spot_v at_o all_o this_o without_o doubt_n be_v that_o bird_n our_o common_a people_n call_v the_o night-raven_n and_o have_v such_o a_o dread_n of_o imagine_v it_o cry_v portend_v no_o less_o than_o their_o death_n or_o the_o death_n of_o some_o of_o their_o near_a relation_n for_o it_o fly_v in_o the_o night_n answer_v their_o description_n of_o be_v like_o a_o flag_a collar_n and_o have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o hooping_a cry_n as_o they_o talk_v of_o §._o xiii_o *_o aldrovandus_fw-la his_o three_o sort_n of_o speckled_a heron._n this_o bird_n send_v from_o epidaurus_n be_v all_o over_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o colour_n to_o wit_n red_a deep_a above_o light_a underneath_o this_o same_o or_o at_o least_o one_o very_o like_a to_o it_o take_v in_o our_o fen_n have_v
pleasant_a colour_n render_v this_o bird_n very_o elegant_a and_o beautiful_a to_o behold_v it_o be_v not_o altogether_o whole-footed_n like_o a_o duck_n yet_o the_o three_o fore-toe_n be_v join_v together_o halfway_n by_o a_o tough_a membrane_n the_o back-toe_n or_o keel_n be_v pretty_a long_o and_o arm_v with_o a_o strong_a talon_n these_o bird_n frequent_a fen_n lake_n and_o seashore_n into_o these_o water_n they_o run_v intent_n upon_o their_o prey_n sometime_o also_o dive_v under_o water_n maintain_v themselves_o by_o fish_v as_o i_o be_o assure_v by_o our_o fowler_n upon_o their_o credit_n this_o bird_n be_v not_o very_o frequent_a at_o rome_n yet_o be_v it_o sometime_o expose_v to_o sale_n among_o other_o seafowl_n it_o be_v flesh_n have_v such_o a_o fishy_a taste_n and_o stench_n that_o be_v throw_v to_o our_o cat_n she_o refuse_v it_o and_o will_v not_o touch_v it_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v this_o bird_n to_o be_v the_o mergus_n of_o ovid._n see_v the_o author_n all_o stork_n make_v a_o clatter_a or_o snap_v noise_n with_o their_o bill_n by_o clap_v one_o mandible_a nimble_o against_o the_o other_o they_o be_v say_v to_o live_v only_o in_o republic_n and_o free-state_n but_o this_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v false_a observe_v they_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o some_o prince_n in_o germany_n there_o be_v a_o tradition_n also_o that_o they_o feed_v and_o nourish_v their_o parent_n in_o their_o old_a age_n when_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o seek_v their_o own_o food_n whence_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v the_o duty_n of_o child_n in_o requite_v and_o maintain_v their_o age_a parent_n §._o iii_o *_o the_o american_n stork_n call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n maguari_n of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n like_o to_o the_o stork_n in_o figure_n and_o bigness_n and_o partly_o also_o in_o colour_n it_o have_v a_o neck_n a_o foot_n long_o a_o straight_a sharp_a bill_n of_o nine_o inch_n length_n long_o naked_a leg_n like_o the_o stork_n a_o short_a tail_n reach_v no_o further_a than_o the_o wing_n it_o be_v bill_n at_o botom_n half_a way_n up_o be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a the_o other_o half_o be_v of_o a_o bluish_a ash-colour_n it_o have_v small_a silver-coloured_n eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n and_o about_o they_o a_o vermilion-coloured_n skin_n and_o the_o like_a also_o below_o near_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o bill_n or_o between_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o throat_n which_o when_o she_o be_v angry_a she_o let_v hang_v down_o under_o the_o throat_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o senembi_n the_o whole_a head_n neck_n and_o all_o the_o body_n be_v cover_v with_o pure_a white_a feather_n and_o on_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n those_o white_a feafeather_n be_v of_o a_o good_a length_n the_o tail_n also_o be_v white_a but_o above_o cover_v with_o certain_a black_a feather_n the_o wing_n at_o set_v on_o be_v cover_v with_o white_a feather_n but_o near_o the_o back_n with_o black_a which_o black_a have_v a_o gloss_n of_o green_a it_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v red_a and_o like_o a_o stork_n it_o snap_v also_o with_o its_o bill_n like_o our_o country_n stork_n it_o be_v flesh_n be_v esculent_n chap._n iii_o *_o the_o ibis_n of_o bellonius_fw-la former_o say_v he_o we_o take_v the_o black_a ibis_n to_o be_v the_o haematopus_n but_o observe_v its_o manner_n and_o condition_n we_o find_v it_o not_o to_o be_v the_o haematopus_n but_o the_o black_a ibis_n which_o herodotus_n first_o mention_v and_o after_o he_o aristotle_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o eloritis_fw-la curlew_n or_o a_o little_a less_o all_o over_o black_a have_v the_o head_n of_o a_o cormorant_n the_o bill_n where_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o head_n be_v above_o a_o inch_n thick_a but_o point_v towards_o the_o end_n and_o a_o little_a crooked_a and_o arch_a and_o whole_o red_a as_o be_v also_o the_o leg_n which_o be_v long_o like_o the_o leg_n of_o that_o bird_n which_o pliny_n call_v bos_n taurus_fw-la aristotle_n name_v ardea_n stellaris_fw-la it_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n like_o a_o heron_n so_o that_o when_o we_o first_o see_v the_o black_a ibis_n it_o seem_v to_o we_o in_o the_o manner_n and_o make_v habitu_fw-la of_o its_o body_n like_o the_o bittour_n this_o kind_n of_o bird_n be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o proper_a to_o egypt_n that_o it_o can_v live_v out_o of_o that_o country_n and_o that_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v out_o it_o die_v sudden_o the_o ibis_n be_v bird_n very_o useful_a to_o the_o egyptian_n for_o destroy_v serpent_n locust_n and_o caterpillar_n with_o which_o that_o country_n be_v great_o infest_a and_o therefore_o divine_a honour_n be_v give_v they_o the_o ibis_n say_v cicero_n dispatch_v a_o power_n of_o serpent_n they_o turn_v away_o a_o great_a plague_n from_o egypt_n when_o they_o kill_v and_o consume_v those_o fly_a serpent_n that_o be_v bring_v in_o thither_o by_o the_o west_n wind_n out_o of_o the_o desert_n of_o libya_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o do_v no_o harm_n either_o alive_a by_o their_o bite_n or_o dead_a by_o their_o stench_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o ibis_n be_v invocate_v by_o the_o egyptian_n what_o else_o the_o ancient_n have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o ibis_n see_v in_o aldrovandus_n chap._n iu._n §._o i._o the_o spoon-bill_n platea_n sive_fw-la pelecanus_n of_o gesner_n leucorodius_n sive_fw-la albardeola_n of_o aldrovand_n lepelaer_n of_o the_o low_a dutch._n that_o which_o we_o describe_v be_v a_o young_a one_o take_v out_o of_o the_o nest_n it_o weigh_v forty_o five_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n be_v thirty_o four_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o four_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v snow-white_a like_o a_o swan_n beyond_o the_o eye_n towards_o the_o bill_n grow_v neither_o feather_n nor_o down_n as_o in_o the_o heron_n and_o cormorant_n the_o angle_n also_o of_o the_o low_a chap_n be_v bare_a which_o perchance_o be_v peculiar_a and_o proper_a to_o this_o bird._n the_o first_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a of_o the_o second_o only_o the_o exterior_a web_n or_o outer_a half_n from_o the_o shaft_n and_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o interior_a be_v black_a of_o the_o three_o only_o the_o top_n and_o of_o the_o four_o yet_o less_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o tip_n and_o shaft_n of_o the_o inferior_a feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n be_v very_o short_a viz._n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o bill_n be_v of_o a_o singular_a and_o unusual_a figure_n plain_a depress_v and_o broad_a near_o the_o end_n dilate_v into_o a_o almost_o circular_a figure_n of_o the_o likeness_n of_o a_o spoon_n whence_o also_o the_o bird_n itself_o be_v call_v by_o the_o low_a dutch_a lepelaer_n that_o be_v spoon-bill_n the_o broad_a part_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v grave_v with_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o line_n or_o crevice_n but_o its_o inward_a surface_n be_v smooth_a and_o even_a without_o any_o such_o sculpture_n or_o graving_n the_o bill_n in_o the_o young_a one_o before_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o be_v white_a or_o of_o a_o flesh-colour_n in_o old_a one_o black_a the_o tongue_n be_v sharp_a and_o little_a the_o leg_n half_a way_n up_o the_o second_o joint_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n in_o the_o young_a one_o of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n the_o foot_n strong_a the_o fore-toe_n join_v together_o by_o a_o membrane_n the_o outmost_a and_o middlemost_a to_o the_o second_o joint_n the_o middlemost_a and_o inmost_a no_o further_o than_o the_o first_o the_o toe_n and_o claw_n black_a we_o do_v not_o observe_v in_o our_o bird_n those_o reflection_n of_o the_o windpipe_n which_o aldrovandus_n mention_n describe_v and_o figure_n it_o have_v a_o large_a gall_n the_o gut_n have_v many_o revolution_n above_o the_o stomach_n the_o gullet_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o bag_n who_o inward_a surface_n be_v rough_a and_o uneven_a with_o many_o papillary_a glandule_n its_o egg_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o hen_n egg_n white_a and_o powder_v with_o a_o few_o sanguine_a or_o pale-red_n spot_n in_o a_o certain_a grove_n at_o a_o village_n call_v sevenhuys_n not_o far_o from_o leyden_n in_o holland_n they_o build_v and_o breed_v yearly_a in_o great_a number_n on_o the_o top_n of_o high_a tree_n where_o also_o build_v heron_n night-raven_n shag_n cormorant_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o grove_n every_o sort_n of_o bird_n as_o they_o tell_v we_o have_v its_o several_a quarter_n where_o they_o build_v all_o together_o when_o the_o young_a one_o be_v ripe_a those_o that_o farm_n the_o grove_n with_o a_o hook_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o long_a pole_n catch_v hold_n of_o the_o bough_n
falcinellus_n of_o gesner_n and_o aldrovand_n chap._n v._n *_o the_o brasilian_n guara_n of_o marggrave_n the_o indian_a curlew_n of_o clusius_n exot._n it_o be_v a_o land_n and_o waterfowl_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o spoon-bill_n it_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o polonian_a sword_n long_o of_o a_o whitish_a ash-colour_n black_a eye_n a_o neck_n and_o head_n like_o the_o spoon-bill_n the_o wing_n end_v with_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v short_a and_o carry_v low_o the_o leg_n be_v long_o the_o upper_a half_n whereof_o cover_v with_o feather_n the_o rest_n bare_a in_o each_o footfour_n toe_n situate_a as_o be_v usual_a long_a with_o short_a claw_n at_o bottom_n join_v together_o by_o a_o skin_n the_o foot_n and_o leg_n as_o far_o as_o naked_a be_v of_o a_o light_n grey_a as_o be_v also_o the_o bill_n the_o whole_a bird_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o elegant_a scarlet_a colour_n only_o the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n have_v their_o end_n black_a this_o bird_n when_o first_o hatch_v be_v of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n next_o it_o become_v ash-coloured_a then_o white_a after_o by_o degree_n it_o begin_v to_o grow_v red_a and_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o its_o age_n be_v all_o over_o of_o that_o colour_n they_o call_v columbin_n and_o as_o it_o grow_v old_a it_o acquire_v that_o elegant_a scarlet_a colour_n it_o feed_v upon_o fish_n and_o flesh_n water_n always_o add_v that_o bird_n which_o clusius_n from_o a_o picture_n send_v he_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o areschot_n describe_v by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o indicus_n indian_a curlew_n be_v without_o all_o doubt_n the_o same_o with_o this_o it_o approach_v well_o to_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o curlew_n have_v a_o long_a neck_n a_o long_a and_o sharp_a bill_n but_o crooked_a like_o a_o scythe_n long_o and_o slender_a leg_n furnish_v with_o four_o toe_n of_o which_o the_o three_o foremost_a be_v long_a the_o hind-toe_n short_a all_o arm_a with_o black_a claw_n the_o thigh_n for_o half_a that_o part_n that_o be_v above_o the_o knee_n be_v destitute_a of_o feather_n which_o note_n be_v common_a to_o it_o with_o all_o other_o bird_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o frequent_v watery_a and_o fenny_a place_n it_o be_v tail_n be_v short_a not_o exceed_v the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n but_o the_o feather_n invest_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v of_o another_o colour_n than_o those_o of_o our_o common_a curlew_n for_o they_o be_v whole_o red_a like_o vermilion_n except_v the_o end_n of_o the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v black_a it_o be_v bill_n and_o leg_n be_v yellow_a almost_o like_o ochre_n section_n v._o waterfowl_n not_o piscivorous_a with_o slender_a bill_n of_o a_o middle_a length_n chap._n i._n *_o the_o himantopus_n of_o pliny_n aldrov_n lib._n 20._o cap._n 30._o the_o whole_a belly_n breast_n and_o under-side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v white_a as_o be_v also_o the_o head_n beneath_o the_o eye_n for_o above_o the_o eye_n it_o be_v black_a and_o so_o be_v it_o too_o on_o the_o back_n and_o wing_n the_o bill_n be_v likewise_o black_a a_o palm_n and_o more_o long_o slender_a and_o fit_a to_o strike_v wood-lice_n and_o other_o infect_v the_o tail_n from_o white_a incline_v to_o ash-colour_n but_o underneath_o be_v white_a on_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v black_a spot_n tend_v downward_o the_o wing_n be_v very_o long_o the_o leg_n and_o thigh_n be_v of_o a_o wonderful_a length_n very_o small_a and_o weak_a and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o unfit_a to_o stand_v upon_o because_o it_o want_v a_o hind-toe_n and_o the_o fore-toe_n for_o the_o length_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v short_a so_o that_o well_o and_o of_o right_n may_v it_o be_v call_v himantopus_n or_o loripes_fw-la its_o leg_n be_v soft_a and_o flexible_a like_o a_o thong_n or_o string_n the_o toe_n be_v of_o almost_o equal_a length_n and_o of_o a_o sanguine_a colour_n yet_o be_v the_o middle_a toe_n a_o little_a the_o long_a the_o claw_n be_v black_a small_a and_o a_o 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its_o bigness_n even_o big_a than_o hen_n or_o duck_n of_o a_o red_a or_o sandy_a colour_n much_o sharp_a at_o one_o end_n than_o hen_n egg_n and_o blunt_a at_o the_o other_o in_o the_o island_n of_o man_n bardsey_n caldey_n farn_n godreve_n sillies_n and_o other_o small_a desert_n islet_n near_o the_o seashore_n they_o breed_v yearly_a in_o great_a number_n and_o not_o only_o in_o island_n but_o also_o on_o rock_n and_o cliff_n by_o the_o seaside_n about_o scarborough_n tenby_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n they_o abide_v in_o the_o place_n mention_v be_v busy_a in_o breed_v and_o feed_v their_o young_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o autumn_n they_o fly_v away_o return_v again_o the_o next_o spring_n whither_o they_o fly_v and_o where_o they_o spend_v their_o winter_n we_o know_v not_o it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n or_o beginning_n of_o april_n there_o come_v over_o first_o some_o spy_n or_o harbinger_n which_o stay_v some_o two_o or_o 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this_o bird_n and_o perchance_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_a and_o the_o soland-goose_n lie_v but_o one_o egg_n and_o bring_v up_o but_o one_o young_a one_o at_o once_o which_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a and_o worthy_a the_o observation_n but_o that_o egg_n for_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bird_n be_v a_o extraordinary_a great_a one_o chap._n vi_o the_o greenland-dove_n or_o sea-turtle_n columba_n groenlandica_n dicta_fw-la hither_o also_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v that_o bird_n which_o in_o holland_n they_o call_v the_o greenland-dove_n for_o that_o also_o want_v the_o back-toe_n it_o be_v like_o the_o coulterneb_n but_o less_o its_o leg_n alike_o red_a its_o bill_n long_o not_o compress_v sideways_o sharp-pointed_a a_o little_a crooked_a at_o the_o end_n and_o prominent_a it_o have_v a_o large_a white_a spot_n on_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o each_o wing_n else_o it_o be_v all_o over_o black_a of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o coot_n we_o count_v in_o each_o wing_n 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the_o mouth_n four_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a mandible_a black_a hook_a at_o the_o end_n the_o nether_a from_o green_a of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a it_o have_v a_o wide_a gape_v the_o tongue_n be_v small_a and_o almost_o none_o the_o nostril_n be_v not_o conspicuous_a at_o least_o i_o can_v not_o discover_v any_o that_o it_o have_v the_o eye_n small_a situate_v low_o and_o forward_a than_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v body_n be_v small_a flat_a and_o depress_v like_o the_o dun_a divers_a the_o upper_a side_n of_o a_o black_a purplish_a colour_n or_o black_a with_o a_o dark_a tincture_n of_o green_a shine_v like_o silk_n the_o under-side_n be_v dusky_a but_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n incline_v to_o ash-colour_n under_o the_o chin_n it_o be_v white_a behind_o the_o vent_n black_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o belly_n the_o tail_n be_v a_o hand-breadth_n and_o a_o half_a long_a compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n hard_a and_o stiff_a the_o middlemost_a be_v the_o 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be_v cover_v with_o white_a feather_n which_o yet_o in_o the_o back_o be_v something_o yellowish_a as_o if_o they_o be_v strew_v with_o clay_n or_o dust_n this_o bird_n in_o many_o thing_n agree_v with_o the_o soland-goose_n yet_o in_o some_o it_o differ_v viz._n the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o bill_n the_o black_a colour_n about_o the_o eye_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o leg_n and_o the_o black_a colour_n of_o the_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n but_o i_o suppose_v clusius_n be_v mistake_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o outer_a toe_n for_o the_o outer_a and_o middle_a toe_n in_o no_o bird_n that_o i_o have_v yet_o happen_v to_o see_v except_o only_o the_o swift_a do_v agree_v in_o the_o number_n of_o joint_n nor_o do_v the_o outer_a toe_n consist_v of_o three_o articulation_n but_o four_o the_o middle_a of_o three_o the_o inner_a of_o two_o and_o the_o least_o or_o back-toe_n of_o one_o clusius_n take_v this_o description_n from_o a_o dry_a bird_n send_v by_o dr._n henry_n hoier_n physician_n in_o bergen_n in_o norwey_n to_o dr._n peter_n pauw_n first_o professor_n of_o physic_n in_o leyden_n it_o be_v he_o say_v call_v sula_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n ferroyer_n where_o it_o be_v take_v those_o island_n hoier_n write_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o clusius_n be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o feather_n there_o chap._n vi_o the_o tropic_a bird._n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o duck_n have_v a_o red_a bill_n about_o two_o inch_n long_o somewhat_o bend_v downward_o and_o sharp-pointed_a a_o line_n of_o black_a be_v draw_v on_o each_o side_n from_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o back_n of_o the_o head_n the_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o back_n also_o be_v white_a but_o variegated_a with_o transverse_a line_n of_o black_a thick_a set_n which_o make_v it_o very_o beautiful_a to_o behold_v the_o wing_n be_v very_o long_o yet_o each_o single_a feather_n short_a as_o in_o the_o soland-goose_n in_o the_o outmost_a quil-feather_n the_o one_o web_n i._n e._n that_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o shaft_n be_v black_a the_o other_z or_o inner_a web_n white_a in_o the_o next_o to_o these_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n along_o the_o shaft_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n on_o both_o side_n white_a the_o next_o to_o these_o be_v all_o white_a those_o next_o of_o all_o to_o the_o body_n black_a and_o long_o than_o the_o rest_n the_o foot_n be_v black_a the_o leg_n white_a all_o the_o four_o toe_n webed_n together_o in_o the_o tail_n if_o one_o may_v rely_v upon_o the_o stuff_v skin_n or_o credit_v the_o relation_n of_o those_o those_o that_o send_v it_o be_v only_o two_o very_o long_a feather_n of_o about_o eighteen_o inch_n narrow_a and_o end_v in_o snarp_a point_n this_o description_n i_o take_v from_o the_o case_n of_o the_o bird_n conserve_v in_o the_o repository_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n it_o be_v call_v the_o tropic-bird_n because_o it_o be_v find_v about_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o tropic_a circle_n and_o no_o where_o else_o so_o far_o as_o have_v be_v by_o our_o english_a traveller_n hitherto_o observe_v my_o honour_a and_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n martin_n lister_n of_o york_n take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o bird_n describe_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o carribbee_n island_n in_o these_o word_n there_o be_v see_v near_o these_o island_n and_o sometime_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o they_o in_o the_o sea_n certain_a bird_n perfect_o white_a who_o beak_n and_o foot_n be_v as_o red_a as_o coral_n they_o be_v somewhat_o big_a than_o crow_n they_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o heron_n because_o their_o
tail_n consist_v of_o two_o long_a and_o precious_a feather_n by_o which_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o bird_n frequent_v the_o sea_n this_o say_v mr._n lister_n can_v be_v mean_v of_o no_o other_o than_o the_o tropic-bird_n but_o than_o it_o be_v wrong_v describe_v with_o red_a leg_n and_o a_o perfect_o white_a body_n chap._n vii_o *_o the_o anhinga_fw-mi of_o the_o tupinambae_n a_o people_n of_o brasil_n marggrav_fw-mi it_o be_v a_o elegant_a sort_n of_o aquatici_fw-la diver_n it_o be_v body_n except_v the_o neck_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o common_a tame_a duck_n its_o bill_n straight_o not_o thick_a very_o sharp_a three_o inch_n long_o the_o foremost_a half_a both_o above_o and_o below_o have_v a_o double_a row_n of_o very_o sharp_a hook_n tooth_n incline_v backward_o it_o be_v head_n be_v small_a oblong_o resemble_v a_o serpent_n a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a its_o eye_n black_a with_o a_o golden_a circle_n its_o neck_n slender_a round_a a_o foot_n long_o its_o body_n but_o only_o seven_o inch_n its_o leg_n be_v short_a the_o upper_a two_o inch_n long_o and_o feather_v the_o low_a scarce_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a it_o have_v four_o toe_n three_o turn_v forward_o join_v together_o by_o membrane_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o duck_n or_o cormorant_n the_o four_o short_a extend_v sideways_o below_o join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o membrane_n very_o sharp_a crooked_a claw_n a_o broad_a tail_n ten_o inch_n long_o consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o wing_n end_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o bill_n be_v grey_a and_o after_o its_o rise_n a_o little_a yellowish_a all_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v cover_v with_o very_o fine_a feather_n to_o the_o touch_n as_o soft_a and_o sleek_a as_o velvet_n on_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n of_o a_o colour_n from_o grey_a incline_n to_o yellow_a under_o the_o throat_n and_o beneath_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o grey_a colour_n like_o the_o fur_n of_o those_o skin_n call_v verhfelle_n of_o which_o woman_n turban_n cap_n be_v make_v which_o fur_n they_o resemble_v both_o to_o the_o touch_n and_o sight_n the_o whole_a breast_n low_a belly_n and_o upper_a leg_n be_v cover_v with_o soft_a feather_n of_o a_o silver_n colour_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o back_n with_o brown_a one_o each_o whereof_o have_v in_o its_o middle_n a_o oblong_a spot_n of_o a_o whitish_a yellow_a colour_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v speckle_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o back_n have_v a_o black_a plumage_n it_o have_v long_a wing_n at_o the_o ridge_n set_n on_o covever_v with_o the_o like_a short_a feather_n as_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o back_n then_o follow_v a_o row_n of_o half_a grey_a half_a black_a one_o that_o be_v on_o one_o side_n the_o shaft_n gray_a on_o the_o other_o black_a but_o the_o prime_a feather_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o black_a and_o shine_a feather_n who_o end_n be_v grey_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n from_o a_o dark_a yellow_a incline_v to_o grey_a it_o be_v very_o cunning_a in_o catch_v of_o fish_n for_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o serpent_n first_o draw_v up_o its_o neck_n it_o dart_v forth_o its_o bill_n upon_o the_o fish_n and_o catch_v they_o with_o its_o claw_n i_o have_v eat_v of_o its_o flesh_n but_o it_o be_v not_o much_o better_a than_o the_o flesh_n of_o a_o gull_n section_n iii_o whole-footed_n bird_n have_v the_o back-toe_n loose_a with_o a_o narrow_a bill_n hook_v at_o the_o end_n and_o not_o tooth_v chap._n i._n *_o of_o the_o artenna_n of_o the_o tremiti_n island_n de_fw-fr ave_fw-la diomedea_n this_o bird_n aldrovandus_n set_v forth_o for_o the_o diomedea_n avis_fw-fr induce_v thereto_o by_o this_o argument_n chief_o because_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o diomedean_a island_n call_v now_o tremiti_n do_v affirm_v thereof_o what_o pliny_n of_o old_a concern_v the_o diomedean_a bird_n viz._n that_o they_o be_v find_v in_o no_o other_o place_n but_o in_o those_o island_n his_o description_n he_o partly_o borrow_v of_o gesner_n partly_o take_v from_o a_o picture_n of_o the_o bird._n they_o be_v say_v he_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o good_a corpulent_a hen_n but_o have_v pretty_a long_a neck_n and_o leg_n their_o colour_n be_v dusky_a or_o a_o dark_a ash_n and_o if_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v they_o have_v some_o white_a under_o their_o belly_n as_o wild_a pigeon_n sometime_o have_v my_o bird_n on_o the_o under-side_n be_v almost_o whole_o white_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o hook_a at_o the_o end_n like_o a_o eagle_n but_o not_o so_o much_o of_o a_o bright_a red_a if_o i_o well_o remember_v i_o believe_v he_o do_v not_o well_o remember_v this_o for_o the_o bill_n in_o my_o bird_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a all_o but_o the_o hook_n which_o be_v black_a its_o eye_n fair_a of_o a_o fire-colour_n not_o very_o great_a for_o i_o do_v once_o see_v one_o which_o be_v smite_v with_o a_o rod_n on_o the_o head_n open_v its_o eye_n and_o cry_v out_o but_o shut_v they_o present_o again_o not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o again_o their_o colour_n be_v not_o simple_o white_a as_o pliny_n write_v but_o incline_v to_o cinereous_a as_o in_o fulicae_n he_o mean_v a_o bird_n of_o the_o gull-kind_n to_o which_o also_o he_o compare_v they_o whether_o they_o have_v tooth_v bill_n or_o not_o i_o do_v not_o observe_v but_o they_o have_v they_o strong_a and_o pretty_a long_a thus_o far_o gesner_n which_o note_v say_v aldrovandus_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n agree_v exact_o to_o my_o bird_n which_o have_v it_o not_o a_o hook_a bill_n one_o may_v not_o unfit_o judge_v to_o be_v of_o the_o great_a gull-kind_n it_o do_v so_o resemble_v they_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o especial_o in_o the_o wing_n the_o foot_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o bill_n as_o be_v the_o leg_n also_o but_o this_o description_n be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v confide_v in_o be_v partly_o borrow_v 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colour_n on_o the_o head_n neck_n back_o and_o whole_a upper_a side_n be_v dusky_a or_o black_a on_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o bill_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a or_o it_o may_v be_v two_o inch_n long_o narrow_a black_a and_o for_o its_o figure_n something_o like_a to_o a_o lapwing_n bill_n the_o upper_a chap_n be_v hook_v at_o the_o end_n like_o a_o cormorant_n it_o be_v base_a be_v cover_v with_o a_o naked_a skin_n in_o which_o be_v the_o nostril_n from_o the_o nostril_n on_o each_o side_n a_o furrow_n or_o groove_v be_v produce_v almost_o to_o the_o hook_n the_o head_n be_v black_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o back_n the_o wing_n long_o the_o tail_n a_o hand-breadth_n long_o and_o black_a the_o foot_n underneath_o black_a above_o the_o outer_a half_n of_o each_o foot_n be_v black_a the_o inner_a of_o a_o pale_a or_o whitish_a flesh-colour_n so_o that_o the_o middle_a toe_n be_v partly_o white_a partly_o black_a it_o have_v a_o small_a back-toe_n and_o black_a claw_n for_o its_o extraordinary_a fatness_n its_o flesh_n be_v esteem_v unwholesome_a meat_n unless_o it_o be_v well_o season_v with_o salt_n at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n lie_v a_o little_a islet_n divide_v from_o man_n by_o a_o narrow_a channel_n call_v the_o calf_n of_o man_n on_o which_o be_v no_o habitation_n but_o only_o a_o cottage_n or_o two_o late_o build_v this_o islet_n be_v full_a of_o coney_n which_o the_o puffin_n come_v yearly_o dislodge_v and_o build_v in_o their_o burrough_n they_o lay_v each_o but_o one_o egg_n before_o they_o sit_v like_o the_o razor-bill_n and_o guillem_n although_o it_o be_v the_o common_a persuasion_n that_o they_o lie_v two_o at_o a_o
membrane_n arm_v with_o sharp_a and_o crooked_a claw_n the_o thigh_n be_v also_o hide_v in_o the_o belly_n it_o be_v of_o the_o mergi_fw-la diver_n or_o rather_o colymbi_fw-la doucker_n kind_n in_o dive_v it_o can_v hold_v its_o breath_n a_o long_a time_n and_o no_o bird_n can_v plunge_v under_o water_n more_o nimble_o and_o speedy_o than_o it_o as_o they_o experience_v who_o shoot_v they_o for_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o powder_n flash_n it_o present_o duck_n under_o water_n before_o the_o bullet_n can_v come_v at_o it_o it_o build_v its_o nest_n so_o near_o the_o water_n that_o it_o can_v if_o need_v be_v speedy_o cast_v itself_o into_o it_o but_o when_o it_o betake_v itself_o again_o to_o its_o nest_n fasten_v its_o bill_n into_o the_o earth_n it_o hang_v its_o whole_a weight_n upon_o it_o till_o it_o raise_v up_o its_o body_n and_o so_o by_o degree_n reach_v its_o nest_n it_o perceive_v before_o by_o a_o peculiar_a natural_a instinct_n when_o there_o be_v about_o to_o fall_v great_a shower_n and_o shot_n of_o rain_n and_o fear_v lest_o the_o flood_n shall_v destroy_v its_o nest_n and_o young_a it_o make_v a_o querulous_a noise_n and_o cry_v on_o the_o contrary_a when_o it_o presage_v fair_a weather_n it_o express_v its_o joy_n by_o cheerful_a acclamation_n and_o another_o more_o pleasant_a note_n it_o lay_v yearly_o three_o or_o four_o egg_n as_o big_a as_o goose_n egg_n of_o a_o colour_n green_a colour_n and_o spot_v they_o say_v that_o at_o set_a time_n of_o the_o year_n they_o depart_v into_o hot_a region_n and_o return_v not_o until_o the_o spring_n be_v well_o come_v on_o whence_o they_o think_v it_o ominous_a for_o any_o one_o to_o hear_v the_o cry_n of_o this_o bird_n first_o fast_v the_o norwegian_n think_v it_o nefuc_fw-la a_o sin_n to_o kill_v or_o disturb_v this_o bird_n which_o they_o account_v holy_a they_o sometime_o catch_v it_o in_o their_o nest_n against_o their_o will_n and_o sometime_o shoot_v it_o with_o gun_n the_o islander_n because_o they_o eat_v it_o take_v it_o either_o with_o a_o snare_n or_o with_o a_o angle-line_n they_o fasten_v two_o stake_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o nest_n upon_o which_o they_o hang_v and_o so_o accommodate_v the_o snare_n that_o the_o bird_n go_v to_o her_o nest_n may_v thrust_v her_o head_n into_o it_o or_o they_o cross_v the_o pool_n where_o she_o frequent_v at_o its_o narrow_a part_n with_o a_o fish_n line_n so_o that_o one_o on_o each_o side_n hold_v it_o rake_v therewith_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n till_o the_o bird_n fear_v some_o danger_n towards_o dive_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n then_o observe_v the_o place_n where_o she_o be_v rise_v up_o again_o by_o the_o circle_n there_o make_v in_o the_o water_n thither_o they_o direct_v and_o there_o hold_v a_o snare_n fasten_v to_o the_o line_n that_o come_v up_o out_o of_o the_o water_n she_o may_v put_v her_o head_n into_o it_o and_o so_o be_v catch_v by_o the_o neck_n it_o be_v skin_n be_v use_v to_o defend_v the_o head_n and_o breast_n from_o the_o injury_n of_o cold_a and_o prefer_v before_o a_o swan_n this_o bird_n besler_n have_v figure_v in_o his_o gazophylacium_fw-la by_o this_o title_n a_o singular_a kind_n of_o exotic_a water-swallow_n but_o it_o have_v nothing_o almost_o common_a with_o a_o swallow_n §._o iv._o *_o the_o small_a black_a and_o white_a diver_n with_o a_o short_a sharp-pointed_a bill_n the_o picture_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v communicate_v by_o that_o worthy_a person_n sir_n thomas_n brown_n it_o have_v a_o short_a bill_n a_o little_a bend_n at_o the_o end_n both_v mandibles_n the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n the_o back_n wing_n and_o in_o general_a the_o whole_a upper_a part_n be_v black_a except_v a_o transverse_a line_n of_o white_a in_o the_o wing_n the_o chin_n throat_n breast_n as_o far_o as_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n and_o side_n of_o the_o tail_n white_a the_o tail_n short_a the_o leg_n of_o a_o sordid_a green_a the_o toe_n webed_n together_o the_o picture_n do_v not_o show_v any_o hind-toe_n this_o bird_n say_v sir_n thomas_n be_v not_o usual_a with_o we_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o but_o two_o of_o they_o bring_v i_o by_o a_o coaster_n who_o can_v give_v it_o no_o name_n section_n vi_o of_o seagull_n call_v in_o latin_a lari_n chap._n i._o of_o gull_n in_o general_n gull_n be_v a_o whole-footed_n fowl_n with_o a_o indifferent_a long_a narrow_a sharp-pointed_a bill_n gull_n a_o little_a crooked_a at_o the_o end_n oblong_v nostril_n long_a and_o strong_a wing_n short_a leg_n small_a foot_n for_o they_o do_v not_o swim_v much_o a_o light_a body_n but_o invest_v with_o many_o and_o thick-set_a feather_n a_o carrion_a carcase_n the_o fat_a that_o be_v stick_v to_o the_o skin_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n much_o upon_o the_o wing_n very_o clamorous_a hungry_a and_o fish_n piscivorous_a these_o we_o divide_v into_o two_o kind_n first_o the_o great_a which_o have_v tail_n compose_v of_o feather_n of_o equal_a length_n and_o a_o angular_a prominency_n or_o knob_v on_o the_o low_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n underneath_o to_o strengthen_v it_o that_o they_o may_v more_o strong_o hold_v fish_n 2._o the_o lesser_a which_o have_v a_o fork_a tail_n and_o no_o one_o knob_v on_o the_o bill_n both_o kind_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o pied_a or_o particoloured_a and_o grey_a or_o brown_a chap._n ii_o the_o great_a gull_n with_o tail_n of_o equal_a feather_n and_o first_o such_o as_o be_v pied_a or_o particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o cinereous_a or_o black_a §._o i._o the_o great_a black_a and_o white_a gull_n larus_n ingens_fw-la marinus_fw-la clusii_n this_o bird_n the_o big_a by_o much_o of_o all_o the_o gull_n we_o have_v hitherto_o see_v weigh_v four_o pound_n and_o twelve_o ounce_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v twenty_o six_o inch_n its_o breadth_n from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n distend_v sixty_o seven_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v yellow_a compress_a sideway_n more_o than_o three_o inch_n long_o something_o hook_v at_o the_o end_n and_o like_v in_o figure_n to_o those_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o low_a mandible_a underneath_o bunch_a out_o into_o a_o knob_v mark_v on_o each_o side_n with_o a_o double_a spot_n the_o low_a red_a the_o upper_a black_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o eyelid_n round_o about_o be_v of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n the_o head_n great_a flat-crowned_n both_o head_n neck_n breast_n belly_n and_o tail_n white_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n and_o the_o wing_n except_v the_o tip_n of_o the_o quil-feather_n be_v black_a each_o wing_n have_v about_o thirty_o four_o feather_n in_o the_o first_o row_n all_o black_a with_o white_a tip_n it_o be_v tail_n be_v six_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o snow-white_a feather_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n white_a its_o claw_n black_a it_o have_v a_o small_a back-toe_n a_o wide_a mouth_n a_o long_a tongue_n a_o large_a gullet_n it_o prey_v upon_o fish_n for_o out_o of_o its_o stomach_n dissect_v we_o take_v a_o plaise_n entire_a it_o have_v a_o great_a liver_n divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n with_o a_o gall_n adhere_v short_a and_o small_a blind_a gut_n a_o musculous_a stomach_n and_o a_o oblong_a spleen_n in_o another_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v a_o young_a one_o both_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n and_o the_o neck_n be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a the_o back_n and_o wing_n pale_a than_o in_o that_o describe_v i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a same_o bird_n which_o clusius_n describe_v in_o the_o five_o book_n of_o his_o exotics_n chap._n 9_o under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o marinus_fw-la huge_a seagull_n though_o his_o description_n be_v not_o so_o full_a and_o exact_a as_o be_v take_v only_o from_o a_o picture_n this_o bird_n we_o see_v and_o describe_v at_o chester_n be_v not_o rare_o find_v on_o the_o seacoast_n near_o that_o city_n in_o the_o feroe_n island_n it_o be_v call_v the_o swarth-back_a §._o ii_o the_o herring-gull_n larus_n cinereus_fw-la maximus_fw-la it_o be_v well_o nigh_o as_o big_a as_o a_o tame_a duck_n from_o tip_n of_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n twenty_o four_o or_o twenty_o five_o inch_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o two_o or_o twenty_o three_o between_o the_o term_n of_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o fifty_o and_o in_o some_o fifty_o five_o inch_n broad_a the_o weight_n be_v different_a in_o several_a bird_n one_o weigh_v only_o twenty_o six_o ounce_n another_o thirty_o another_o thirty_o four_o the_o bill_n be_v yellow_a two_o inch_n long_o narrow_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o pretty_a deep_a the_o low_a mandible_a not_o straight_o as_o in_o other_o bird_n
to_o the_o claw_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n of_o its_o gut_n seven_o quarter_n it_o be_v bill_n and_o foot_n be_v brown_a braunlecht_fw-mi the_o picture_n represent_v they_o of_o a_o dark_a purple_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v grey_a grau_v i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o great_a grey_a gull_n describe_v in_o the_o three_o place_n but_o then_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v mistake_v §._o vii_o *_o aldrovand_n cepphus_n it_o be_v not_o like_o a_o gull_n in_o any_o thing_n save_o the_o bill_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o leg_n and_o foot_n for_o in_o other_o thing_n it_o rather_o resemble_v a_o duck._n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o be_v a_o span_n and_o half_a long_a and_o because_o it_o have_v abundance_n of_o feather_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v corpulent_a whereas_o the_o matter_n be_v nothing_o so_o the_o bill_n be_v of_o a_o moderate_a both_o length_n and_o thickness_n of_o a_o horn_n colour_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mandible_n red_a at_o the_o tip_n which_o be_v hook_v black_a the_o eye_n little_a for_o the_o most_o part_n red_a encompass_v with_o a_o white_a circle_n the_o head_n which_o be_v something_o less_o than_o in_o gull_n together_o with_o the_o neck_n breast_n belly_n thigh_n and_o rump_n be_v variegated_a with_o white_a and_o dusky_n brown_a spot_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o bay_n and_o yellow_a the_o wing_n be_v black_a the_o end_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v yellowish_a the_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v also_o black_a the_o leg_n and_o shank_n greenish_a the_o foot_n and_o membrane_n connect_v the_o toe_n dusky_a this_o bird_n be_v as_o yet_o to_o we_o unknown_a and_o therefore_o we_o have_v no_o more_o to_o add_v concern_v it_o what_o the_o ancient_n have_v leave_v we_o concern_v the_o cepphus_n see_v in_o aldrovand_n turner_n think_v that_o bird_n which_o we_o call_v the_o pewit_n to_o be_v the_o cepphus_n of_o the_o ancient_n as_o we_o have_v already_o tell_v the_o reader_n §._o viii_o the_o brown_a tern_n larus_n cinereus_fw-la minor_fw-la aldrov_n call_v by_o baltner_n ein_fw-mi kessler_n it_o be_v about_o half_a so_o big_a as_o bellonius_fw-la his_o ash-coloured_a mew_n for_o it_o scarce_o exceed_v a_o span_n in_o length_n on_o the_o back_n and_o wing_n it_o be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n but_o far_o deep_a than_o in_o that_o incline_v to_o a_o blue_a the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v on_o the_o outside_n cinereous_a but_o on_o the_o inside_n black_a on_o both_o side_n at_o extremity_n the_o end_v white_a the_o bill_n be_v slender_a or_o small_a for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n a_o little_a bend_n and_o black_a the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n towards_o the_o hind-part_n black_a the_o foot_n leg_n and_o membrane_n unite_n the_o toe_n of_o a_o saffron-colour_n the_o claw_n black_a all_o the_o other_o part_n pure_o white_a this_o be_v the_o bird_n which_o leon._n baltner_n describe_v and_o paint_v under_o the_o title_n of_o ein_fw-mi kessler_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o blackbird_n with_o long_a wing_n short_a leg_n a_o small_a head_n and_o black_a for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o back_n and_o quill_n of_o the_o wing_n brown_a the_o covert-feather_n cinereous_a yellow_a or_o saffron-coloured_n foot_n a_o black_a sharp_a bill_n moderate_o bend_v it_o fly_v up_o and_o down_o continual_o over_o the_o water_n in_o pursuit_n of_o gnat_n and_o other_o water-insects_a it_o feed_v also_o upon_o fish_n this_o be_v also_o the_o brown_a tern_n of_o mr._n johnson_n if_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v who_o underside_n be_v all_o white_a the_o upper_a brown_a the_o wing_n partly_o brown_a partly_o ash-coloured_a the_o head_n black_a the_o tail_n not_o fork_v the_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v gregarious_a fly_v in_o company_n §._o ix_o *_o marggraves_n brasilian_n gull_n call_v guaca-guacu_a gaviota_n of_o the_o portughese_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o common_a hen_n have_v a_o straight_a long_o thick_a yellow_a bill_n it_o be_v head_n above_o be_v cover_v with_o black_a feather_n as_o be_v also_o the_o hinder_a moiety_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n the_o throat_n whole_a neck_n breast_n and_o low_a belly_n and_o forepart_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a it_o lay_v its_o egg_n in_o the_o sand_n which_o be_v like_a to_o a_o hen_n for_o sigure_n bigness_n and_o colour_n they_o be_v indeed_o well_o taste_v but_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o bird_n be_v nothing_o worth_a chap._n iii_o the_o lesser_a gull_n with_o fork_a tail_n §._o i._o the_o sea-swallow_n hirundo_fw-la marina_fw-la sterna_fw-la of_o turner_n speurer_n of_o baltner_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v near_o five_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o bill_n to_o tail_n six_o teen_n inch_n its_o breadth_n from_o wing_n end_v to_o wing_n end_v thirty_o two_o inch_n it_o be_v a_o small_a bird_n slender_a and_o long-bodied_n have_v a_o fork_a tail_n whence_o it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o a_o swallow_n a_o black_a crown_n the_o black_a be_v terminate_v by_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o nostril_n through_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o neck_n so_o that_o above_o the_o eye_n the_o head_n be_v black_a under_o the_o eye_n white_a the_o cheek_n chin_n low_a belly_n underside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v all_o white_a the_o breast_n have_v something_o of_o cinereous_a mingle_v the_o rump_n be_v white_a the_o back_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o nine_o quill_n the_o outmost_a ten_o whereof_o have_v their_o outer_a web_n run_v out_o into_o sharp_a point_n the_o rest_n their_o inner_a the_o exterior_a web_n of_o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a feather_n be_v black_a the_o shaft_n white_a and_o of_o a_o notable_a thickness_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o follow_v till_o the_o ten_o and_o the_o inside_n of_o all_o white_a and_o moreover_o half_a the_o interior_a web_n of_o the_o four_o or_o five_o foremost_a the_o tail_n be_v compose_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o outmost_a be_v half_a a_o foot_n long_o and_o better_a and_o have_v their_o exterior_a web_n from_o cinereous_a incline_n to_o black_a the_o two_o middlemost_a scarce_a three_o inch_n long_o and_o white_a the_o rest_n have_v their_o outer_a web_n cinereous_a their_o inner_a white_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v long_o almost_o straight_o black_a at_o the_o tip_n else_o red_a it_o be_v mouth_n be_v red_a within_o its_o tongue_n sharp_a its_o leg_n red_a the_o back-toe_n small_a the_o fore-toe_n webed_n together_o as_o far_o as_o the_o very_a claw_n the_o craw_n be_v large_a out_o of_o which_o we_o take_v a_o gudgeon_n the_o gizzard_n full_a of_o fish-bone_n the_o gut_n twenty_o inch_n long_o the_o blind_a gut_n very_o short_a these_o bird_n flock_v together_o and_o build_v and_o breed_v on_o island_n uninhabited_a near_o to_o the_o seashore_n many_o together_o in_o the_o same_o quarter_n in_o the_o island_n of_o caldey_n adjacent_a to_o the_o southern_a shore_n of_o wales_n they_o call_v they_o spur_n a_o name_n as_o appear_v by_o baltner_n common_a to_o they_o with_o the_o german_n about_o strasburgh_n and_o that_o little_a islet_n where_o they_o build_v spur_v island_n in_o other_o place_n of_o england_n they_o be_v call_v scray_v a_o name_n i_o conceive_v frame_v in_o imitation_n of_o their_o cry_n for_o they_o be_v extraordinary_o clamorous_a in_o the_o northern_a part_n they_o call_v they_o tern_n whence_o turner_n call_v they_o in_o latin_a sternae_fw-la because_o they_o frequent_a lake_n and_o great_a pool_n of_o water_n which_o in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n be_v call_v tarns_n they_o lay_v three_o or_o four_o egg_n either_o upon_o the_o bare_a ground_n or_o in_o a_o nest_n make_v of_o reed_n their_o egg_n be_v like_o the_o great_a gull_n egg_n though_o much_o less_o the_o young_a be_v also_o spot_v with_o black_a like_o they_o they_o fly_v up_o and_o down_o over_o the_o water_n intent_n upon_o their_o prey_n and_o when_o they_o espy_v a_o fish_n they_o 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back_n and_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o quill_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a as_o also_o the_o whole_a breast_n and_o rump_n the_o tail_n which_o be_v three_o inch_n long_o be_v also_o black_a the_o leg_n short_a and_o black_a the_o foot_n consist_v of_o three_o black_a toe_n join_v together_o to_o the_o end_n by_o a_o black_a membrane_n the_o toe_n arm_v with_o sharp_a crooked_a claw_n they_o have_v a_o mean_v spur_v behind_o situate_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o leg_n furnish_v also_o with_o the_o like_a membrane_n and_o claw_n the_o hen_n be_v of_o the_o same_o bigness_n and_o figure_n but_o all_o over_o of_o one_o uniform_a colour_n viz._n brown_a sprinkle_v here_o and_o there_o with_o certain_a black_a spot_n in_o its_o other_o lineament_n and_o part_n agree_v with_o the_o cock._n they_o build_v themselves_o nest_n on_o the_o rock_n and_o lay_v good_a store_n of_o very_o savoury_a and_o well-tasted_n egg_n for_o the_o get_n of_o which_o the_o neighbour_a people_n let_v themselves_o 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nor_o be_v see_v any_o where_o about_o our_o coast_n §._o iii_o aldrovandus_n his_o black_a duck._n it_o be_v big_a than_o the_o common_a duck._n its_o bill_n be_v broad_a and_o short_a yellow_a on_o both_o side_n black_a in_o the_o middle_n with_o a_o red_a hook_n at_o the_o tip_n the_o head_n and_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o black_a green_a or_o black_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o green_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v red_a on_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o citron-colour_n on_o the_o inside_n the_o web_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o the_o claw_n of_o a_o deep_a black_a all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v black_a save_v a_o cross_a line_n of_o white_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o a_o white_a spot_n behind_o each_o eye_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v so_o soft_a and_o delicate_a as_o nothing_o more_o so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v not_o undeserved_o call_v the_o velvet-duck_n in_o the_o stomach_n and_o gut_n almost_o down_o to_o the_o straight_a 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be_v short_a broad_a something_o turn_v upward_o broad_a at_o the_o tip_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n all_o but_o the_o nostril_n and_o the_o nail_n or_o hook_n at_o the_o end_n which_o be_v black_a at_o the_o base_a of_o the_o upper_a mandible_a near_o the_o head_n be_v a_o oblong_a carneous_a bunch_n or_o knob_v the_o head_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o black_a or_o very_o dark_a green_a shine_v like_o silk_n which_o to_o one_o that_o view_v it_o at_o a_o distance_n appear_v black_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o region_n of_o the_o craw_n milkwhite_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o the_o shoulder_n be_v of_o a_o very_a fair_a orange_n or_o bright_a bay-colour_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o body_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o broad_a ring_n or_o swath_n of_o this_o colour_n along_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n from_o the_o breast_n to_o the_o vent_n run_v a_o broad_a black_a line_n behind_o the_o vent_n under_o the_o tail_n the_o feather_n be_v of_o the_o same_o orange_n or_o bay_a colour_n but_o pale_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n as_o also_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o white_a the_o long_a scapular_a feather_n black_a all_o the_o wing-feather_n as_o well_o quill_n as_o covert_n except_v those_o on_o the_o outmost_a boneâ—_n joint_n be_v white_a each_o wing_n have_v about_o twenty_o eight_o quil-feather_n the_o ten_o foremost_a or_o outmost_a whereof_o be_v black_a as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o second_o row_n incumbent_a on_o they_o save_v their_o bottom_n above_o these_o towards_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n grow_v two_o feather_n white_a below_o have_v their_o edge_n round_o about_o black_a the_o next_o twelve_o quill_n as_o far_o as_o they_o appear_v above_o their_o covert-feather_n be_v white_a on_o the_o inside_n the_o shaft_n on_o the_o outside_n tincture_v with_o a_o dark_a shine_a green_a the_o three_o next_o on_o the_o inside_n the_o 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which_o name_n i_o find_v in_o aldrovand_n book_n 19_o chap._n 19_o we_o have_v see_v many_o of_o they_o on_o the_o seacoast_n of_o wales_n and_o lancashire_n nor_o be_v they_o less_o frequent_a about_o the_o eastern_a shore_n of_o england_n §._o v._o the_o sharp-tailed_a island_n duck_n of_o wormius_n call_v by_o the_o islander_n havelda_n it_o be_v less_o than_o the_o broad-billed_a duck_n call_v by_o gesner_n schellent_a from_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o rump_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o three_o inch_n length_n it_o be_v head_n be_v small_a compress_a have_v white_a feather_n about_o the_o eye_n on_o the_o crown_n black_a one_o incline_v to_o cinereous_a the_o neck_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n the_o back_n down_o to_o the_o rump_n be_v black_a with_o a_o
figure_n encompass_n the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n run_v parallel_n to_o its_o edge_n within_o this_o be_v include_v another_o semicircular_a white_a line_n parallel_n to_o it_o and_o in_o the_o white_a again_o a_o black_a the_o breast_n be_v white_a the_o belly_n dark_a with_o transverse_a black_a spot_n under_o the_o tail_n the_o feather_n be_v cross_v with_o brown_a the_o lesser_a covert-feather_n under_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o interior_a bastard_n wing_n be_v pure_o white_a the_o side_n be_v curious_o variegated_a with_o alternate_a black_a and_o white_a line_n the_o tail_n be_v short_a scarce_o appear_v beyond_o the_o feather_n incumbent_a on_o it_o round-pointed_n make_v up_o of_o sixteen_o feather_n with_o sharp_a tip_n of_o a_o white_a colour_n especial_o on_o the_o under_o side_n for_o the_o two_o middle_a one_o above_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n in_o the_o rest_n especial_o the_o outmost_a there_o be_v something_o of_o red_a mingle_v with_o the_o white_a the_o edge_n of_o all_o be_v whitish_a each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o six_o quill_n of_o which_o the_o first_o ten_o be_v brown_a the_o three_o next_o tip_v with_o white_a the_o four_o follow_v have_v their_o outer_a web_n black_a their_o tip_n also_o be_v whitish_a in_o the_o three_o succeed_v the_o inner_a web_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v whole_o white_a the_o four_o next_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o cinereous_a or_o red_a brown_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n incumbent_a on_o the_o white_a quill_n have_v their_o exterior_a web_n of_o a_o black_a purplish_a shine_a colour_n in_o the_o three_o row_n be_v spot_n of_o red_a scatter_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v like_a that_o of_o the_o common_a duck_n or_o teal_n flat_a broad_a with_o a_o hook_n or_o nail_n at_o the_o end_n the_o low_a mandible_a incline_v to_o a_o saffron_n colour_n of_o the_o upper_a the_o side_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n the_o middle_a part_n black_a the_o nostril_n great_a the_o leg_n be_v feather_v to_o the_o knee_n the_o foot_n whitish_a the_o hind-toe_n small_a the_o inner_a fore-toe_n short_a than_o the_o outer_a the_o membrane_n connect_v the_o toe_n black_a it_o have_v a_o huge_a gallbladder_n the_o female_a have_v the_o same_o spot_n in_o the_o wing_n but_o far_o dull_a colour_n want_v the_o black_a colour_n on_o the_o rump_n the_o feather_n there_o grow_v have_v pale_a red_a edge_n as_o have_v also_o those_o on_o the_o back_n and_o neck_n it_o whole_o want_v those_o elegant_a semicircular_a black_a and_o white_a line_n and_o spot_n in_o the_o neck_n and_o breast_n feather_n and_o the_o strike_v under_o the_o wing_n this_o bird_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o of_o the_o duck-kind_n by_o this_o characteristic_a note_n that_o it_o have_v on_o the_o wing_n three_o spot_n of_o different_a colour_n one_o above_o another_o viz._n a_o white_a a_o black_a and_o a_o red_a one_o §._o iii_o *_o gesner_n muggent_a anas_n muscaria_fw-la aldrov_n lib._n 19_o cap._n 41._o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o catch_v fly_v fly_v upon_o or_o above_o the_o water_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n and_o shape_n almost_o of_o a_o tame_a duck._n the_o bill_n be_v broad_a and_o flat_a it_o be_v upper_a chap_n be_v whole_o of_o a_o saffron-colour_n in_o length_n beyond_o the_o feather_n two_o inch_n it_o be_v serrate_v on_o both_o side_n with_o broad_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n membranaceous_a tooth_n pretty_a high_a or_o deep_a but_o those_o of_o the_o nether_a chap_n be_v low_a and_o little_a rise_v not_o much_o make_v long_a striae_fw-la the_o plumage_n almost_o all_o the_o body_n over_o be_v particoloured_a of_o blackish_a fiery_a colour_n and_o white_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o weasel_n colour_n in_o some_o place_n or_o in_o short_a almost_o like_o that_o of_o the_o partridge_n that_o be_v testaceous_a as_o of_o most_o of_o the_o pulveratricious_a kind_n but_o yet_o differ_v its_o foot_n be_v yellow_a its_o toe_n join_v by_o blackish_a membrane_n its_o neck_n both_o on_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o side_n be_v speckled_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o colour_n we_o mention_v the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v black_a than_o the_o other_o part_n which_o colour_n also_o be_v see_v in_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v short_a than_o the_o tail_n thus_o far_o gesner_n this_o bird_n if_o it_o be_v different_a from_o the_o gadwall_n as_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n may_v persuade_v one_o be_v to_o i_o unknown_a §._o iv._o the_o common_a widgeon_n or_o whewer_n penelope_n aldrovandi_fw-la tom_n 3._o p._n 218._o lin_v 30._o anas_n fistularis_fw-la argentoratensibus_fw-la ein_fw-mi schmey_n it_o weigh_v twenty_o two_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o bill_n to_o foot_n be_v twenty_o inch_n the_o head_n and_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v red_a the_o crown_n towards_o the_o bill_n be_v of_o a_o dilute_a colour_n from_o red_a incline_n to_o a_o yellowish_a white_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o side_n as_o far_o as_o the_o wing_n be_v beautify_v with_o a_o very_a fair_a tincture_n of_o a_o red_a wine_n colour_n with_o small_a transverse_a black_a line_n the_o scapular_a feather_n and_o those_o on_o the_o side_n under_o the_o wing_n be_v very_o curious_o vary_v with_o narrow_a transverse_a black_a and_o white_a wave_v line_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n be_v brown_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v cinereous_a especial_o towards_o the_o tail_n the_o feather_n behind_o the_o vent_n next_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n white_a with_o a_o little_a mixture_n of_o yellow_a on_o both_o side_n under_o the_o leg_n be_v spot_n of_o a_o red_a brown_a under_o the_o tail_n be_v white_a feather_n alike_o spot_v mingle_v with_o the_o black_a the_o tail_n be_v sharp_a point_a and_o consist_v of_o fourteen_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o six_o outer_a on_o each_o side_n be_v brown_a their_o exterior_a edge_n be_v whitish_a the_o two_o middle_a one_o be_v black_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ash-colour_n of_o the_o quil-feather_n the_o ten_o outmost_a be_v brown_a the_o next_o ten_o have_v white_a tip_n and_o among_o they_o the_o fifteen_o sixteen_o seventeen_o and_o eighteen_o have_v their_o outer_a web_n first_o of_o a_o black_a purplish_a colour_n then_o as_o far_o as_o they_o appear_v beyond_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o a_o lovely_a blue_a in_o the_o eighteen_o feather_n the_o exterior_a half_n of_o the_o outer_a web_n be_v of_o a_o purplish_a black_a the_o interior_a towards_o the_o bottom_n be_v cinereous_a but_o along_o the_o border_n of_o the_o black_a be_v small_a white_a spot_n from_o the_o white_a tip_n to_o the_o bottom_n the_o twenty_o feather_n be_v all_o of_o a_o pale_a or_o white_a ash-colour_n the_o twenty_o first_o and_o twenty_o second_o be_v white_a about_o the_o edge_n black_a in_o the_o middle_n along_o the_o shaft_n the_o small_a covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o light_n brown_a or_o dark_a ash-colour_n but_o those_o that_o cover_v the_o quill_n from_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o twenty_o be_v particoloured_a of_o brown_a white_a and_o cinereous_a mr._n willughby_n in_o this_o and_o other_o bird_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n more_o particular_a and_o minute_n in_o describe_v the_o colour_n of_o each_o single_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n than_o be_v needful_a since_o in_o these_o thing_n nature_n do_v as_o they_o say_v sport_v herself_o not_o observe_v exact_o the_o same_o stroke_n and_o spot_n in_o the_o feather_n of_o all_o bird_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n in_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o mouth_n tongue_n and_o head_n it_o differ_v little_a from_o the_o common_a wild_a duck_n unless_o perchance_o the_o head_n be_v less_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n the_o upper_a mandible_a of_o the_o bill_n be_v of_o a_o lead-colour_n with_o a_o round_a black_a nail_n at_o the_o end_n the_o foot_n from_o a_o dusky_a white_a incline_v to_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o claw_n be_v black_a the_o outmost_a toe_n long_o than_o the_o inmost_a the_o back-toe_n short_a it_o feed_v upon_o grass_n and_o weed_n grow_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o river_n lake_n and_o channel_n of_o water_n also_o upon_o whilk_n periwinkle_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o find_v there_o the_o male_n in_o this_o kind_n at_o cambridge_n be_v call_v wigeon_n the_o female_n whewer_n the_o flesh_n of_o it_o for_o delicacy_n be_v much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o teal_n or_o indeed_o wild-duck_n §._o v._o the_o sea-pheasant_n or_o cracker_n anas_n caudacuta_fw-la aldrov_fw-mi tom_fw-mi 3._o pag._n 234._o coda_n lancea_fw-la at_o rome_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o common_a widgeon_n of_o twenty_o four_o ounce_n weight_n twenty_o eight_o inch_n long_o from_o bill_n to_o tail_n from_o tip_n to_o tip_v of_o the_o wing_n extend_v thirty_o seven_o inch_n broad_a
the_o history_n of_o bird_n contain_v such_o bird_n as_o we_o suspect_v for_o fabulous_a or_o such_o as_o be_v too_o brief_o and_o unaccurate_o describe_v to_o give_v we_o a_o full_a and_o sufficient_a knowledge_n of_o they_o take_v out_o of_o franc._n hernandez_n especial_o of_o the_o foolish_a sparrow_n this_o bird_n be_v deserve_o famous_a for_o its_o notable_a folly_n it_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o they_o that_o go_v to_o catch_v it_o but_o sit_v still_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o confidence_n till_o they_o lay_v their_o hand_n upon_o it_o not_o offer_v to_o fly_v away_o but_o only_o seem_v to_o wonder_v what_o they_o intend_v to_o do_v it_o be_v a_o seafowl_n and_o feed_v upon_o fish_n it_o have_v the_o cry_n of_o a_o jay_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o magpie_n of_o the_o shape_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o gull_n except_v that_o part_n of_o the_o forehead_n next_o the_o bill_n which_o be_v cinereous_a whole-footed_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o slender_a round_a and_o straight_o only_o a_o little_a crooked_a near_o the_o tip_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v like_o those_o of_o other_o whole-footed_n bird_n black_a its_o pupil_n be_v also_o black_a but_o the_o membrane_n about_o the_o pupil_n grey_a the_o tameness_n of_o the_o bird_n of_o the_o island_n cerne_n be_v well_o know_v and_o celebrate_v they_o alight_v upon_o the_o head_n and_o shoulder_n of_o the_o mariner_n that_o go_v ashore_o there_o as_o it_o be_v upon_o tree_n and_o suffer_v themselves_o without_o difficulty_n to_o be_v catch_v come_v ready_o to_o hand_n of_o the_o bird_n call_v day_n lay_v great_a eggs._n the_o bird_n call_v day_n be_v remarkable_a for_o the_o extraordinary_a and_o unusual_a nature_n or_o manner_n of_o its_o egg_n and_o young_a it_o be_v not_o big_a than_o a_o pigeon_n and_o tolerable_a good_a meat_n for_o its_o nest_n it_o scrape_v a_o hole_n with_o its_o foot_n and_o tail_n in_o sandy_a ground_n four_o span_n deep_a where_o when_o the_o rain_v fall_v it_o lay_v its_o egg_n which_o be_v big_a than_o goose-egg_n almost_o as_o broad_a as_o one_o fist_n call_v by_o the_o native_n tapun_v fifty_o or_o more_o in_o number_n be_v of_o a_o gross_a and_o fat_a substance_n without_o any_o yolk_n in_o they_o which_o roast_v or_o boil_v be_v good_a wholesome_a food_n but_o fry_v coarse_a tough_a bad_a and_o of_o hard_a concoction_n it_o be_v very_o strange_a more_o strange_a i_o dare_v say_v than_o true_a that_o so_o little_a a_o bird_n shall_v lay_v so_o great_a egg_n and_o so_o many_o together_o and_o in_o such_o deep_a vault_n under_o ground_n and_o that_o be_v there_o hide_v they_o shall_v be_v hatch_v without_o be_v ever_o sit_v upon_o or_o cherish_v by_o the_o old_a one_o and_o that_o the_o young_a once_o hatch_v shall_v of_o themselves_o present_o fly_v away_o i_o dare_v bold_o say_v that_o this_o history_n be_v altogether_o false_a and_o fabulous_a for_o though_o some_o bird_n lay_v very_o great_a egg_n as_o for_o example_n puffin_n guillemot_n razor-bill_n etc._n etc._n some_o also_o build_v in_o hole_n under_o ground_n yet_o such_o lay_v but_o one_o egg_n not_o a_o great_a many_o before_o they_o sit_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o there_o be_v any_o bird_n in_o the_o world_n who_o egg_n want_v the_o white_a of_o the_o guitguit_fw-la that_o set_v upon_o raven_n a_o little_a body_n contain_v a_o great_a spirit_n and_o courage_n there_o be_v a_o very_a small_a bird_n guitguit_fw-la the_o indian_n call_v it_o like_o the_o wren_n of_o a_o green_a colour_n and_o sweet-tasted_n flesh_n such_o be_v the_o wonderful_a force_n of_o nature_n that_o this_o bird_n as_o little_a as_o it_o be_v and_o next_o to_o nothing_o dare_v set_v upon_o and_o pursue_v whole_a flock_n of_o raven_n and_o force_v they_o to_o hide_v themselves_o from_o it_o and_o to_o take_v shelter_n among_o the_o reed_n i_o suppose_v that_o this_o story_n be_v feign_v in_o imitation_n of_o what_o the_o ancient_n have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o wren_n viz._n that_o with_o great_a courage_n indeed_o fool-hardiness_n she_o dare_v enter_v combat_n with_o the_o eagle_n of_o the_o bird_n call_v maia_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o small_a bird_n especial_o in_o the_o island_n cuba_n that_o fly_v in_o flock_n and_o waste_v the_o field_n or_o plantation_n of_o rice_n which_o grain_n grow_v abundant_o and_o be_v of_o much_o use_n in_o those_o country_n call_v maia_n of_o a_o fulvous_a colour_n its_o flesh_n pleasant_a of_o easy_a concoction_n and_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a nourishment_n who_o stomach_n or_o rather_o craw_n and_o first_o receptacle_n of_o nourishment_n be_v on_o the_o back_n side_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o wonderful_a and_o singular_a thing_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o another_o instance_n in_o nature_n of_o the_o yayauhquitotl_n or_o long-tailed_a bird._n there_o proceed_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n or_o rump_n of_o this_o bird_n two_o feather_n long_o than_o the_o rest_n below_z naked_a without_o any_o lateral_a hair-like_a body_n adorn_v at_o the_o tip_n with_o blue_a and_o black_a vane_n the_o body_n of_o the_o bird_n be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o stare_v particoloured_a of_o blue_a green_a fulvous_a and_o grey_a perchance_o this_o may_v be_v the_o same_o bird_n which_o marggrave_n have_v accurate_o describe_v under_o the_o title_n of_o guira-guainumbi_a of_o another_o sort_n of_o xochitenacatl_n that_o be_v the_o toucan_n or_o brasilian_n pie_n this_o bird_n breed_v and_o feed_v on_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o southern_a america_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pigeon_n with_o a_o thick_a sharp-pointed_a black_a bill_n black_a eye_n and_o a_o yellow_a iris._n the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a a_o black_a list_n reach_v from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o breast_n yet_o be_v there_o some_o yellow_a about_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n general_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n except_v the_o foot_n and_o leg_n which_o be_v brown_a and_o the_o claw_n which_o from_o white_a incline_v somewhat_o to_o a_o pale_a yellow_a it_o live_v about_o flower_a tree_n feed_v upon_o the_o honey_n it_o suck_v out_o of_o their_o flower_n it_o breed_v its_o young_a in_o the_o spring_n and_o be_v much_o esteem_v by_o the_o tototepecenses_n in_o who_o country_n it_o be_v very_o frequent_a of_o the_o bird_n call_v momot_n this_o abide_v and_o delight_n in_o hot_a country_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o dove_n have_v scarlet-coloured_n eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n a_o crooked_a blackish_a bill_n almost_o three_o inch_n long_o sharp-pointed_a the_o nether_a chap_n short_a the_o upper_a serrate_n a_o blue_a head_n like_o a_o peacock_n brown_a foot_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n green_fw-mi what_o be_v rare_a and_o extraordinary_a in_o this_o bird_n be_v that_o it_o have_v in_o its_o tail_n one_o quill_n long_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o which_o be_v feather_v only_o at_o the_o end_n this_n be_v i_o dare_v say_v more_o strange_a than_o true_a for_o the_o tail_n of_o all_o bird_n i_o ever_o yet_o see_v have_v their_o feather_n grow_v by_o pair_n that_o be_v two_o of_o a_o sort_n on_o each_o side_n one_o and_o that_o so_o beautiful_a a_o bird_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o for_o its_o feather_n of_o the_o verminous_a bird_n or_o tuputa_n this_o bird_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o strange_a nature_n as_o we_o gather_v from_o its_o note_n from_o which_o it_o take_v its_o name_n tuputa_n but_o it_o be_v and_o deserve_o more_o famous_a for_o its_o singular_a putrefaction_n for_o while_o it_o be_v live_v it_o be_v whole_o stuff_v with_o worm_n instead_o of_o flesh_n all_o its_o member_n and_o muscle_n be_v full_a of_o they_o nothing_o of_o flesh_n beside_o these_o and_o the_o skin_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o eat_v or_o make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o skin_n which_o be_v adorn_v with_o thick-set_a feather_n it_o abide_v among_o sedge_n and_o in_o grassy_a place_n for_o shape_n of_o body_n it_o be_v like_o a_o pheasant_n but_o lesser_a what_o be_v here_o deliver_v concern_v this_o bird_n if_o understand_v general_o of_o all_o the_o individual_n of_o this_o sort_n we_o be_v so_o confident_a to_o be_v false_a that_o we_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o spend_v time_n in_o the_o confute_v of_o it_o this_o however_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o signify_v to_o the_o reader_n lest_o he_o shall_v imagine_v we_o give_v any_o credit_n to_o the_o story_n of_o the_o mozambick_a hen_n the_o feather_n flesh_n and_o bone_n of_o these_o hen_n be_v so_o black_a that_o be_v boil_v one_o will_v think_v they_o have_v be_v sodden_a in_o ink_n yet_o be_v they_o think_v to_o be_v very_o savoury_a and_o far_o better_a than_o those_o of_o other_o hen_n
underneath_o be_v grey_a above_o about_o the_o extreme_n black_a next_o from_o fulvous_a incline_n to_o red_a then_o from_o fulvous_a decline_a to_o pale_a and_o last_o near_o the_o back_n fulvous_fw-fr it_o feed_v and_o live_v upon_o fish_n very_o easy_o become_v tame_a and_o sing_v not_o unpleasant_o but_o must_v be_v careful_o and_o tender_o feed_v with_o worm_n and_o water-insects_a you_o may_v also_o for_o want_n of_o other_o more_o natural_a food_n give_v its_o flesh_n to_o eat_v it_o yield_v a_o gross_a nourishment_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o wild_a duck_n afford_v it_o be_v native_a of_o the_o country_n of_o mexico_n and_o breed_v in_o the_o spring_n among_o the_o rush_n whereas_o the_o neck_n in_o comparison_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o body_n be_v very_o long_o it_o be_v wonderful_a strange_a into_o what_o a_o shortness_n it_o can_v contract_v it_o which_o it_o be_v common_o wont_a to_o do_v it_o be_v tail_n be_v little_a and_o black_a show_v something_o of_o splendour_n and_o widen_v into_o a_o great_a breadth_n bird._n they_o call_v it_o by_o its_o country-name_n tolcomoctli_n this_o bird_n will_v be_v altogether_o like_o its_o fellow_n be_v not_o its_o bill_n black_a above_o and_o red_a underneath_o as_o also_o its_o leg_n and_o foot_n and_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o whole_a body_n fulvous_a and_o black_a promiscuous_o of_o the_o hoactzin_n it_o be_v use_n in_o physic_n recommend_v the_o bird_n hoactzin_n that_o utter_v a_o sound_n like_o its_o name_n it_o be_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o a_o turkey_n have_v a_o crooked_a bill_n a_o white_a breast_n incline_v to_o yellow_a wing_n and_o tail_n spot_v at_o interval_n of_o a_o inch_n distance_n of_o a_o white_a and_o pale_a colour_n the_o back_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n fulvous_fw-fr but_o both_o incline_n to_o brown_a as_o do_v also_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o head_n as_o far_o as_o the_o bill_n and_o eye_n it_o have_v black_a claw_n and_o dusky_a leg_n it_o have_v a_o crest_n make_v up_o of_o feather_n from_o white_a incline_n to_o a_o pale_a colour_n but_o their_o backside_n black_a it_o feed_v upon_o snake_n it_o have_v a_o great_a voice_n represent_v a_o kind_n of_o howl_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o autumn_n and_o be_v by_o the_o native_n account_v a_o unlucky_a bird_n its_o bone_n assuage_v the_o pain_n of_o any_o part_n of_o man_n body_n by_o lance_a the_o smoke_n or_o suffumigation_n of_o its_o feather_n bring_v they_o to_o their_o right_a mind_n who_o grow_v distract_v by_o any_o sickness_n the_o ash_n of_o its_o feather_n take_v inward_o cure_v the_o french_a pox_n give_v marvellous_a help_n it_o live_v in_o hot_a country_n as_o be_v yautepec_n and_o very_o often_o be_v find_v sit_v upon_o tree_n near_o river_n of_o the_o dry_a bird_n or_o hoactli_n neither_o be_v the_o hoactli_n or_o tobactli_n that_o be_v the_o dry_a bird_n feed_v about_o the_o lake_n of_o mexico_n a_o contemptible_a spectacle_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o 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you_o ought_v at_o the_o least_o three_o week_n before_o you_o take_v she_o to_o your_o fist_n to_o inseam_v she_o with_o wash_a meat_n and_o stone_n for_o then_o be_v the_o danger_n of_o shorten_v her_o life_n whereas_o by_o good_a order_n they_o be_v as_o hardy_a as_o the_o lanner_n and_o will_v last_v as_o long_o he_o say_v he_o have_v know_v one_o hold_n out_o and_o continue_v her_o goodness_n twenty_o year_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o lanner_n the_o lanner_n be_v not_o over-dainty_a of_o her_o feed_n but_o can_v better_o brook_v gross_a or_o coarse_a diet_n than_o any_o other_o falcon._n lanners_n of_o all_o hawk_n be_v fittestfor_o young_a falconer_n because_o they_o will_v hardly_o take_v surfeit_n and_o seldom_o be_v overflow_v or_o melt_v their_o grease_n mew_v lanners_n and_o sacre_n be_v hardly_o know_v from_o the_o soar-hawk_n because_o they_o do_v not_o change_v their_o plume_n turbervile_a say_v that_o with_o this_o hawk_n you_o may_v fly_v the_o river_n latham_n say_v 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c._n 15._o it_o be_v weight_n and_o measure_n bill_n tongue_n eye_n feather_n colour_n wing-feather_n it_o be_v tail_n foot_n and_o toe_n egg_n gut_n gizzard_n it_o be_v food_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o aldrovand_n jay_n it_o learn_v to_o speak_v it_o be_v weight_n and_o measure_n bill_n eye_n bare_a wart-like_a bunch_n tongue_n palate_n skin_n about_o the_o eye_n bare_a its_o colour_n wing-feather_n tail_n tail_n bastard-wing_n foot_n toe_n and_o claw_n gizzard_n and_o gut_n it_o be_v place_n place_n that_o be_v a_o wild_a wood_n crow_n crow_n mimus_fw-la sive_fw-la picus_n garrulus_fw-la judicus_fw-la judicus_fw-la lib._n 12._o cap._n 17._o 17._o coccothranstes_n coccothranstes_n a_o kind_n of_o earth_n call_v terra_n umbria_n use_v by_o painter_n painter_n coccothranstle_n coccothranstle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d those_o next_o the_o body_n body_n phoenicâ—o_fw-la colore_fw-la crimson_a colour_n colour_n a_o great_a insect_n with_o six_o foot_n resemble_v a_o 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