Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	foot_n	half_a	inch_n	1,859	5	11.0254	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65137	An abridgment of the architecture of Vitruvius containing a system of the whole works of that author : illustrated with divers copper plates, curiously engraved : with a table of explanation : to which is added in this edition the etymology and derivation of the terms used in architecture / first done in French by Monsr Perrault, of the Academy of Paris, and now Englished, with additions.	Vitruvius Pollio.; Perrault, Claude, 1613-1688. Dix livres d'architecture de Vitruve.	1692 (1692)	Wing V663; ESTC R19317	64,558	198

in the middle and the two halfs which remain on the right and the left must be for Demi-Graveurs The part in the middle and the two last of the five must be for the three Feet and the two which are betwixt the three Feet must be for the Graveurs or Channels which must be hollowed following the Corner of the Mason's Rule The Capital of the Triglyph ought to have the 6th part of a Module Upon the Capital of the Triglyph is placed the great Cornice its Jetting or Projecture is half a Module and the 6th part of a Module its height is half a Module comprising the Dorick Cymatium which is under it On the Plat Fonds of the Cornice must be hollowed little strait ways which must answer perpendicularly to the sides of the Triglyphs and the middle of the Metops Streight upon the Triglyphs must be cut 9 Goutes or Drops which must be so distributed that there may be six length-wise and three broad-wise in the Spaces which are betwixt the Metops because they are greater than those between the Triglyphs nothing must be cut unless it be Foudres Moreover towards the border of the Crown must be Carved a Scotia Some advance perpendicularly above the Triglyphs the Ends of the Forces or Principals to frame the Mutils which support the Cornices so that as the Disposition of Beams hath caused the Invention of Triglyphs so the jetting of the Forces hath caused the Disposition of the Mutils which support the Cornices See Tab. VI. ART VII Of the Ionick Order THe Proportion of the Pillars of the Ionick Order in the beginning had Eight Modules or Diameters for their height but the Ancients quickly added half a Diameter when to make this Pillar more Beautiful than the Dorick not only for its height but also for its Ornaments they added a Base to it which was not used in the Dorick Order The Pillars must be set upon their Bases two ways for sometimes they were perpendicularly set and sometimes not viz. The outward rows of Pillars when there were more Ranks than one for that part of the Pillar which is towards the Wall of the Fabrick must necessarily be perpendicular and the outward part must have all the Diminution and must lean towards the Wall The Pillars that are within the Porch and are betwixt the Wall and the outward Pillar must stand perpendicularly The breadth of the Ionick Base is the Diameter of the Pillar to which is added a 4th and an 8th part its height is half the Diameter its height being divided into three parts one is allowed for the Plinthus the rest being divided into seven parts three are allowed to the Torus above after equally dividing the four which remain the two above are for the upper Scotia with its Astragal The two below are for the lower Scotia which will appear greater than the upper because it extends to the edge of the Plinthus the Astragals must have the 8th part of the Scotia whose Jetting or Projecture must be the 8th part of the whole Base joyned to the 6th part of the Diameter of the Pillar See Tab VII As to the Capital the Abacus must have in its Square the Diameter of the bottom of the Pillar adding to it an 18th part half of the Abacus ought to be the height of the Capital comprizing the Round of the Volute or Scroll but there must be substracted from the corner of the Abacus a 12th part and an half of the height of the Capital and after the whole thickness of the Capital must be divided into nine parts and an half and one and an half must be left for the thickness of the Abacus that the Volutes or Scrolls may be made of the eight which remain then having left under the Abacus four parts and an half of these eight a Line must be drawn in the place which cuts the two a-cross and the Points of the Section shall be Eyes which shall have eight parts for their Diameter in half the space of the Eye shall be placed the Centers through which shall be drawn with a Compass the Spiral-Line of the Volate beginning the height under the Abacus and going into the four Quarters of the Division diminishing till we come directly to the first Quarter and giving to every Quarter a particular Center Then the thickness of the whole Capital must be so divided that of nine parts which it contains the Volute has the breadth of three under the Astragal on the top of the Pillar which must be directly upon the Eye of the Volute that which remains above the Astragal must be allowed for the Abacus Channel and the Echine or Egge whose jetting beyond the Square of the Abacus must be of the same bigness of the Echine or Egge The Channel must be hollowed the 12th part of its breadth The Girdle or Cincture or the lateral part of the Capital ought to advance out of the Tailhoir Abacus as much as it is from the Center of the Eye to the height of the Echine The thickness of the Axis of the Volutes which is the thickness of the Volute seen sideway and which makes up the extreme parts of that which is called commonly Balisters ought not to exceed the magnitude of the Eye See Tab. VIII These Proportions of the Ionick Capital are only for Pillars of 15 Foot those that are greater require other and generally the greater Proportions are required for the Pillars that are greater and for this reason we have said that the higher the Pillars are the less Diminution they must have so when the Pillars are above 15 Foot we must add a 9th part to the Diameter of the Pillar for to give the breadth to the Abacus to which is never added more than an 18th part to Pillars of 15 Foot The Architraves shall be laid upon the Pillars with Jettings equal to the Pedestals in case they be not all of one size but in form of Joint-Stools to the end Symmetry may be observ'd The height ought to be different according to the proportion of the height of the Pillar for if the Pillar be from 12 to 15 Foot we must allow the Architrave the height of half a Diameter of the bottom of the Pillar if it be from 15 to 20 we must divide the height of the Pillar into 15 parts to the end we may allow one to the Architrave so if it be from 20 to 25 the height must be divided into 12 parts and an half that the Architrave may have one and so proportionably The Architrave ought to have at the bottom which lies upon the Capital the same breadth that the top of the Pillar hath under the Capital The Jetting of the Cymatium of the Architrave ought to answer the bottom of the Pillar the height of the Cymatium ought to be the 7th part of the whole Architrave The rest being divided into 12 parts three must be allowed to the first Face four to

more massy and less adorn'd so the Corinthian and Compound are Slenderer and Richer the Ionick holds the Middle as well in its Proportions as its Ornaments being less massy and more adorn'd than the Thuscan and the Dorick and more massy and less adorn'd than the Compound and the Corinthian Though Vitruvius hath only divided Architecture into Three Orders viz. The Dorick the Ionick and the Corinthian he doth not for all that forget to give the Proportions of the Thuscan and speak of the Compound ART IV. Of Things that are Common to several Orders BEfore we treat of the Differences of these Five Orders it would be proper to speak of those Things that are common to several Orders as are the Steps Pedestals the Diminution of Pillars their Channelling Piedements Cornices and Acroteres The Steps which are before the Temple ought always to be of an unequal Number to the end that having put the right Foot in mounting the first Step it may likewise be upon the last They ought not to be more than 6 Inches 10 Lines high nor less than 6 inches Their breadth ought to be proportion'd to their height and this Proportion ought to be of 3 to 4 so that if the Steps be 6 parts high which is 3 times 2 they must be 8 broad which is 4 times 2 following the Proportion of a Triangular Rectangle invented by Pythagoras The Landing-places ought not to be narrower than 16 Inches and an half nor broader than 22 Inches and all the Steps that are round about a Fabrick should be all of the same breadth The Pedestals which support many Pillars of the same Rank will be much handsomer if one make them jet out before every Pillar like a Joynt-Stool for otherwise if the Bases were all of one size they would resemble a Channel If Leaning-places or Elbow-places are to be betwixt the Pedestals it 's necessary that they be as high as the Pedestals and that the Cornices of the Pedestals and of the Leaning or Elbow-places be equal and have a true Proportion one to another All the Pillars ought to go diminishing towards the top to augment their Strength and render them more Beautiful imitating the Bodies of Trees which are greater at the Bottom than at the Top. But this Diminution must be lesser in the great Pillars which have their highest part further from the Sight and which by Consequence makes them at the top seem lesser according to the ordinary Effect of Perspective which always diminisheth Objects according to the measure that they are distant from the Eye The Rule of this different Diminution is that a Pillar that is 15 Foot high ought to have in the upper part 5 parts of 6 in the which the Diameter of the Base of the Pillar is divided that which is from 15 to 20 Foot ought to have 5 and an half of the 6 and an half of the Diameter that which is from 20 to 30 ought to have 6 of the 7 parts of the Diameter that which is from 30 to 40 must have 6 and an half of 7 and an half of the Diameter that which is from 40 to 50 must have 7 of 8 of the Diameter These Diminutions do not belong to the Thuscan Order whose Pillars are much more diminished as we shall show hereafter Besides this Diminution which is made towards the top of the Pillar there is another below which makes the Pillar about the middle swell like a Belly the measure of this swelling is taken from the magnitude of this which makes up the Distance between the Channels There is another sort of Diminution of Pillars which is made of one Pillar in respect of another It is of 2 sorts viz. when a second rank is placed upon the first for then the second Pillar must be lesser a fourth part than those below or when Portico's are made that have Pillars in the Corners for those in the middle must be less than those in the Corners a 50th part The Channellings are so called because they are as it were Demi-Channels which descend from the top of the Pillar to the bottom they represented the Plaites of the Garments of Women which the Pillars resembled There are three sorts of Channellings the two first are particular and proper to the Dorick Order the third is common to the Ionick Corinthian and Compound The two first are more plain and simple and fewer in number than the others The most Simple is that which is not hollowed at all and which hath only Pans and slat Fronts or Faces The other is a little hollowed to make this hollowness a Square must be made whose Side must be equal to the Pan in which the Channelling is to be made and having put one foot of the Compass in the middle of the Square make a crooked Line from one Angle of the Channelling to the other both these Channellings are made up to the number of Twenty The other Orders have 24 and sometimes 32 when it is design'd to make the Pillars seem greater than they are for the Eye judgeth that all things are greater when they have more and different Marks which lead as it were the Sight to more Objects at once These Channellings are deeper than those of the Dorick Order and the depth ought to be just so much that a Carpenter's Rule being put into the Cavity touch with its Angle the bottom and with its sides the two Corners of the Channelling Vitruvius hath not taught us what the Proportions of the Channelling should be in respect of the Fillet which makes up the space between the Channellings nor what the breadth of the Fillet should be which he hath establish'd for the rule of the swelling Belly of the Pillar The Piedement is composed of a Tympan and Cornices to have the true height of the Tympan we must divide the breadth which is between the two ends of the Cymatium of the Larmier or Drip which supports the Piedement into 9 parts and give one to the Tympan The thickness of the Cornice being added to this 9th part makes up the height of the whole Piedement or Fronton The Tympan ought to be Perpendicular upon the Gorge of the Pillar the things that are common to all Cornices are that the Cornice of the Piedement must be equal to that below excepting the last great Cymatium which ought not to be upon the Cornice below the Piedement but it ought to go over the Cornices which are sloping upon the Piedement or Fronton This great Cymatium ought to have of height an 8th part more than the Crown or Drip or Larmier In places where there are no Piedements in the great Cymatiums of the Cornices must be cut the Heads of Lions at such a distance that there must be one directly upon every Pillar and that the other answer directly upon the great Dalles that cover the House These Heads of Lions are pierced through to