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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51275	Geography rectified, or, A description of the world in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries, islands, cities, towns, seas, rivers, bayes, capes, ports : their ancient and present names, inhabitants, situations, histories, customs, governments, &c. : as also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London : illustrated with seventy six maps : the whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors / by Robert Morden.	Morden, Robert, d. 1703.	1688 (1688)	Wing M2620; ESTC R39765	437,692	610

Boxwood By the Battman is sold several sorts of Silks By the Oak is sold Pepper Cloves Mace Benjamin Galbanum Sea-horse Teeth Gum Arabeck Indigo Wormseeds Cassia of Cairo Senna Rhubarb Scamony Aggarick Cochincal white Cordivants and by the Cheque is sold Goats-hair beaten or unbeaten Commodities are Raw Silk which the Armenians bring out of Persia Chamlet-yarn and Chamlet or Goats-hair which come from Angouri Cotton twisted Skins and Cordovants of several Colours Calicuts White and Blew Wool for Matrisses Tapestries Quilted Coverlets Soap Rhubarb Galls Valleneed Scammony and Opium The Custom paid by the English is 3 per Cent. as generally throughout all Turkey The Coins currant of Smyrna are the same with Constantinople and they keep their Accompts in the same Nature and therefore I shall refer you thither The Weights of Smyrna and Scio are the same viz. the Dram of which 180 makes a Rotello 100 Rotello's makes a Quintal which is 45 Oaks and is 119 l. English 400 Drams also make an Oak which is 2 l. 11 Ounces and a half Avoirdupoise English Their Measure is the Pico which is about ¾ of a Yard English Of Jerusalem or of the Hebrew Coins c. ALthough in all the Land of Judaea Palestine or the Holy Land there is not now any City of Trade or Commerce yet I cannot omit what was once Remarkable and may be of use to many to know the Coins Weights and Measures of the Jews in the Flourishing days of their State and Grandeur G ld A Darkon or Drakmon of which we read Ezra 8.27 and Ezra 2.69 in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the English render a Dram the value was about 15 s. English the Dram of Silver 1 s. 3 d. Silver A Gorah rendred Gerah and Megna by the Chaldee Paraphrase by the Greeks Obolos by the English a Piece of Silver 1 Sam. 2.36 Exod. 30.13 accounted to be about 1 d. ½ Silver Argenteus Heb. Ceseph or Keseph a Piece of Silver when it standeth for a Shekel of the Sanctuary it is in value 2 s. 6 d. when it stands for a common Shekel it is 1 s. 3 d. Argenteus Graecus the Attick Dram Act. 19.19 valued at seven pence half-peny Brass Assarius or Assarium by the Rabbins Isor by the Greeks Astarion a Roman Coin weighing four Grains the 96 part of the Pigah or Shekel Mat. 10.29 is in value one farthing and ¼ Silver Denarius the Roman peny Mat. 18.28 with the Image of Caesar Mat. 22.21 It was a fourth of the Silgah of the Caldeans or Shekel of the Hebrews in value seven pence half-peny English and this was the common Peny Silver Drachma one fourth of the Shekel equal to the Roman Denarius or peny Luk. 15.8 9. Silver Didrachmum half a Shekel the peny of the Sanctuary Exod. 30.13 was 1 s. 3 d. Gerah in the Chaldee Paraphrase Megna the Megah of the Arabians one fifth of a Dram 1 / 20 part of a Shekel of the Sanctuary three half pence English. Keseph Gen. 20.16 23.16 43.21 2 Sam. 18.11 the same with Ceseph and Argenteus Hebraeus the Chaldean Silgah or Jewish Shekel 2 s. 6 d. Keshitah Heb. a Lamb Gen. 33.19 Josh 24.24 Job 42.11 the same with Obolus and Gerah A Maneh of Silver contains 60 Hebrew Shekels Ezek. 45.12 is in English 7 l. 10. A Maneh of Gold it weigh'd 100 Hebrew Drams 200 Grecian Drams or 100 Shekels 1 King. 10.17 2 Chron. 9.16 of our Money it made 75 pound The Shekel from Shakal Ponderare Librare was twofold the Shekel of the Sanctuary and the common Shekel which was but half the other The Shekel by some was reckoned as was said before for 2 s. 6 d. English by Sir Walter Rawleigh at 2 s. 4 d. by Mr. Greaves and the Primate of Ireland at 2 s. 5 d. according to which one Maneh of Silver will be 7 l. 5 d. of our money One Talent will make 362 l. 10 s. Gold is generally accounted to be 12 times as much in value as the like quantity of Silver The proportion in England being one to 14 and one third that is one Ounce of Gold is worth of Silver 3 l. 14 s. 2 d. and the Ounce of pure Silver is worth 5 s. 4 d. half-peny so that a Dram of Gold at 17 s. 5 d. ob q ⅕ the Shekel is 2 l. 9 s. The Talent will be 4350 l. According to which Computation King David and his Princes gave towards the building of the Temple 838 Millions 477 Thousand 362 pounds 13 s. 6 d. Of the Hebrew Weights The Common Weights were 8 Drams 4 Shekels 2 Staters 1 Ounce or Weights of the Sanctuary 16 Drams 8 Shekels 4 Staters 1 Ounce A Shekel is about the weight of an English half Crown or half an Ounce ☞ Mr. Greaves and Rivet saith that the distinction of a double Shekel the one Sacred equal to the Tetra-Drachme the other Prophane weighing the Didrachme is without any solid Foundation in Writ and without any probability of Reason in a Wise State. The Hebrew Cubit contained of our measure according to Guildhall Standard 17 Inches 40 / 100 or ⅖ of an Inch exactly answering to the Roman foot and a half It was a measure from the Elbow to the fingers end vulgo a foot and a half Deut. 3.11 The Holy Cubit contained two common Cubits 1 King. 7.15 1 Chron. 3.15 The Kings Cubit was three fingers longer than the common Cubit The Geometrical Cubit contained 6 common Cubits according to which was Noah's Ark built The Barah translated often Millarium signifieth so much ground as may be Travelled in half a day between Meal and Meal Kaneh Arundo the Reed six Cubits and a hands breadth Ezek. 40.5 the use of it was to measure Building Rev. 21.15 Stadium a Furlong containing 125 paces Zaghad Zemed and Beroth Gen. 35.16 a little way or piece of ground containing 1000 Cubits an Hebrew mile about 500 English yards Zereth Spithama and Dodrans a Span Exodus 38.16 Isa 40.12 Dry Measure I find the Ephah is stated at 52 l. ½ which reduced into English Measure makes six Gallons one Pottle and half a Pint and 10 Ephahs made one Homer the Omer was 1 Pottle 1 Pint 3 Ounces and 10 Omers made 1 Ephah Liquid Measures Their Liquid Measures were the Log Hin and Bath The Bath is ordinarily reckoned of like Quantity with the Ephah more exactly it is 52 Pints and a half or by others 6 Gallons one Pottle and a half The Hin is one Gallon and three Quarters of a Pint which is the 6th part of a Bath The Log is the one 1 / 12 of the Hin that is ● / 3 of a Pint and ¾ of an Ounce that is 3 Quarters of a Pint wanting but the ¼ part of an Ounce so that the ¾ part of a Hin is almost one quarter of a pint Of the Coins c. of Persia THE Commodities of Persia are Gold Silver Raw Silk

resides Charlsstat is a strong Fort built by the Swedes near the mouth of the River Weser This Country with the Principality of Ferden in Westphalia now belongs to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster Of Lawenburg THIS Dutchy gives Name to the Princes of Saxon Lawenburg who are Branches of the same House with the Princes of Anhalt It s chief place is Lawenburg or Laubenburg upon the Elb a fine Town but the Castle is ruined and the Duke lives at Ratzeburg though he hath nothing there but the Castle the Town belonging as was said to the Duke of Mecklenburg Of Magdeburg Ditio Magdeburgensis THIS Diocess lies extended on both sides of the Elb betwixt Brandenburg and the proper Saxony The chief Town is Magdenburg Magdenburg incolis Magdburg al. Magdeburg antiquis monumentis Pathenopolis Mesuium Ptol. testis Appiano A Burgraveship of the Empire and Arch-Bishops See giving name to the Country Reedified by Editha Wise unto the Emperor Henry the First and Daughter to Edmund King of England and thus named in Honour of her Sex. Her Effigies in stone is in the Cathedral Church with 19 Tuns of Gold which she gave thereunto though others say it was from the Worship of the Virgin Diana A place of great state large and fair and strongly fortified once the Metropolitan City of Germany famous in the Protestant Wars for a whole years years Siege against the Emperor Charles the Fifth But sacked and burnt by Tilly and 36000 persons put to the Sword and destroyed 1631. and the Town almost ruined 'T was also famous for the first Turnament which was in Germany which was performed here in the year 637. by the Emperor Henry Sirnamed the Fowler These are the chief parts of the Lower Saxony and contain the ninth Circle of the Empire Of BOHEMIA BOiemum Tac. Beiohemum Paterc Bomi Ptol. Boheim Germ. Boheme Galli● Boemia Hispanis Bohemia Italis Czeskazem incolis teste Brieto This Kingdom is environed about with Mountains and Forests as it were with Fortifications The Air sharp and piercing the Country rough and hilly rich in Minerals and yielding sufficient plenty of Corn and other necessary Provisions Wine excepted First inhabited by some of the Germans who were dispossessed by the Boii who gave Name unto the Country The Boii were routed by the Marcomanni a people of Germany And these were also ejected by the Sclaves under Zechus Brother unto Lechus the Founder of the Polish Monarchy about the year 649. called in their own Country-language Czechi but named from the Country they seized upon Boiohaemi upon their first arrival This people were Governed by Dukes until about the year 1086. when Vratislaus or Vladislaus was created the first King of Bohemia in a Diet at Mentz by the Emperor Henry the Fourth about the year 1199. Power was given to the States to chuse their Princes before being Elected by the Grace of the Emperors since which time the Kingdom continued Elective though most commonly enjoyed by the next of blood until the Royal Line being extinct the Kingdom was devolved upon the House of Austria Chief Places are Praga Italis Prag incolis Prague Gallis Marobudum Ptol. teste Sans Briet the Capital and Royal City of the Kingdom of Bohemia seated upon the River Muldaw by the Bohemians Vltave it consisteth of three Towns the Old the New and the Lesser 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and University where in the year 1409. were reckoned above 40000 Students under the Rectorship of John Hus. The greatest remarks are the Emperors Palace and Summer-house A fair Cathedral Church built 923. The Palace and Garden of Colaredo The Palace of Count Wallestein Duke of Freidland The Bridg being 1700 Foot long and 35 foot broad with two Gates under two High Towers of Stone at each end Near Prague that deciding Battel was fought Novemb. 8. 1620 between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine Elected King of Bohemia and the Emperor Ferdinand the Second where the Victory fell unto the Imperialists Prague forced to yield and King Frederick and his Queen forced to fly into Silesia Teutchin Broda by the River Saczua a strong place when taken by Zisca who then forced the Emperor Sigismund to fly out of Bohemia Janikaw where was fought that famous Battel of Febr. 24. 1643. between Torstenson and the Imperialists the success gave the Swedes the advantage of proceeding further Czaslaw is the place where Zisca was buried that famous Bohemian General who fought when he was blind and when dead wished his friends to make a Drum of his Skin Guttenburg or Cottenburg is famous for its Silver Mines Egra is a strong City accounted the second of Bohemia and chief Magazine of the Country The Mountains of the Giants in Bohemia called Riphaei or Cerconossi are famous for three things for their Signification and Prognosticks of all Tempests for the rarity of Plants Stones and Gems there growing and for a Spectrum called Ribenzal which is said to walk about those Mountains in the form of a Huntsman Anselmus de Boot tells us that Rudolphus the second King of Bohemia had a Table of Jewels which he calls the Eighth Wonder of the World it was wrought with uch Art that the Jewels which were set together with invisible joints presented a most pleasant Landskip naturally representing Woods Rivers Flowers Clouds Animals c. the like not to be found in the World. The Waters of Carolina al. Karsbad found out Anno 1370. in the time of Charles the Fourth will in a Nights time turn Wood into a stony crust That the Loadstones of Bohemia will give the point of the World but not draw Iron and that a Needle touched with one of those Stones never points directly North but decline eight or more degrees to the last That Mummies as good as any in Egypt have been found in Bohemia a whole man of Myrrh Amber Bones of Giants and Unicorns horns are dig'd out of the Mountains See the Hlstory of Bohemia Bohuslao Balbino Soc. Jes in fol. Prag 1679. Other chief Towns are Pilsen large and Walled Tabor upon the River Lauznitz Koningsgratz Ger. Hradium Reginae Kralowikradetz Boh. Kuttenburg Ger. Kutnahora Boh. Budereiss Ger. al. Budeiowice Boh. Leitmeritz Ger. al. Litomierzitze Boh. To these we may add the County of Glatz upon the Borders of Silesia Of Moravia Marherin or Mahren IS a Country lying open only towards Austria and the South upon the other sides environed with Mountains and Forests plain within and exceedingly populous pleasant and fruitful for Corn Wine and Pasturage The Air somewhat unhealthy being debarred from the cleansing East and Northern Winds Once a Kingdom now a Marquisate subject to the Bohemians an Appendant of that State since Anno 1417. when Sigismund the Emperor gave it to Albertus King of Bohemia Chief Places are Olmutz or Olmuntz Germ. Olmuez Olomucium Olomuncium Latino Holemane Boh. the Eburum of Ptol. teste Pyram Appiano rather Barouua teste Laz. A University seated

City very fair and pretty intire and has in it the remains of an ancient Palace where was no declination of the Magnetick Needle This Province is about 400 miles from the Frontier to the City Vla but all the Cities and Towns are intirely ruined only some few Houses built of Earth or the rubbish of old Buildings and covered with Thatch or Straw That all the Country beyond the Province of Leao-tum is exceeding desert where nothing is to be seen on all sides but Mountains and Vallies Dens of Bears Tigers and other devouring Beasts Here and there a poor Reed-hut upon the side of some Brooks The City Vla on the River Songoro Tart. Sumhoa Chin. lies in 44 Degrees 20 Minutes The Needle there declines from the South to the West 1 Degree 20 Minutes and is the fairest in all this Country and somtimes also the Seat of the Empire of the Tartars But Kirin is about 30 miles from Vla upon the River Songoro which takes it Course from the Moun. Champe Famous for having been the ancient Seat of our Tartars That the Moscovites come oftentimes to the River Songoro to fish for Pearles That the Distance of Kirin from Xin-Yam was 1028 Chinese Stadia containing 369 miles the Chinese Stadium being 360 Geometrical paces I shall only add that by this relation it doth appear to me that Niulhan or Niuche must be the same Country which is here called Lea●-tu● for the Emperors design was to visit the Sepulchres of his Ancestors Of INDIA THE Name of India is now given to the Empire of the Mogul and to the two Peninsulas one on this side the other beyond Ganges and the Islands scattered in the Indian Sea which are all comprehended under the general name of the East-Indies under which Appellation some Authors do also take in all the Oriental part of Asia The old Inhabitants hereof were by Megasthenes said to be 122 several Nations Originally descended from the Sons of Noah before their journy to the Valley of Shinaar and Heylin saith that the Plantation of India did precede the attempt of Babel Its first invasion was by Semiramis with an Army of above four Millions if Ctesias and Diodorus Siculus say true who was met with by Staurobates an Indian King with as great an Army by whom she was overcome and slain The next Invasion on this Country was by Bacchus the Son of Jupiter companied with Hercules who by force or by Arts overcame them and taught them the use of Wine Oil and the Art of Architecture After this Alexander invaded India beginning first with Clophae Queen of Magaza After with Porus whom he vanquished and took but giving them their Liberty and Kingdoms again he returned into his own Country after this they lived in peace under their several Kings until the year 1587 when discovered by the Portugals after by the English Dutch c. OF THE Empire of the Mogul EMPIRE de MOGOL by Robt. Morden THis vast Empire comprehends the greatest part of the Continent of India The present Mogul who is the Sovereign derives his Original from Great Temarleng or Tamerlan and is the Eleventh in a direct Line descendent from him there are several Indian Kingdoms tributary to him and he is esteemed the richest Prince in the world and the most potent Monarch of Asia The Territories of his Country being his own Hereditary Revenues the great Lords are but his Receivers who give an account to the Governors of the Provinces and they to the chief Treasurers and Comptrollers of the Exchequer He is also the general Heir to all those to whom he gives Pensions and his Will is a Law in the decision of his Subjects Affairs and therefore they carry the Names of their Employments and not of the Lands which they enjoy Sha Jehan who Reigned Forty years left behind him about 5 Millions and the Throne that he made cost an 160 Millions and 500000 Livres besides six other Thrones set all over with Diamonds Rubies Emralds and Pearls Teste Tav The Mony of this Kingdom is of a good Alloy The Mogul is able to bring 100000 Horse into the Field but his Infantry is very inconsiderable either for Number or Experience He has a good number of Elephants which do him great service for they are sure of foot and lie down and rise up very readily The King is a Turkish Mahumetan nevertheless the most part of his Vassals are Pagans But as there are several sorts of People so likewise there are divers sorts of Religions amongst them which I shall briefly mention at the end of the Description of the East-Indies The Mogul's Country is very fertile and well peopled near the great Rivers They make excellent Bread having Corn and Rice in abundance Victuals in general are very cheap however the Inhabitants are very temperate and sober The neighbouring Country to Tartary is full of Mountains and Forests where the Mogul oft-times takes his pleasure in Hunting there being great abundance and variety of wild Beasts And there it was that Alexander cut down the Wood for the Ships which he sent down the Indus into the Ocean As for Remains of Antiquity there are few or none the Moguls having ruin'd all the ancient Cities which according to the Ancients were 30 large Cities 3000 walled Towns and Castles for natural Defence reckoned impregnable which may not be improbable if it were as some affirm the first Seminary or Station of Noah after his descent from Ararat not far hence distant and afterward the delight of Bacchus which some think was the same with Noah and from the wonderful increase of People which appears by that huge Army Staurobates drew out in his defence against Semiramis the Assyrian Empress both Armies containing 3 Millions And so well builded and planted was this part of India that when Alexander by the overthrow of Porus near the River Hydaspis entered India Herodotus and Curtius report that Alexander should say He found greater Cities and more sumptuous Buildings in King Porus 's Dominions than he had observed in all the World besides Indus is Navigable from Lahor to Sende the Natives call'd it Pang-ab by reason of the five Rivers that fall into it toward the upper part of its Course which are now called Rauee Behat Obchan Wihy and Sindar by Ptol. Acesines Cophys Hydaspis Zaradras and Hispalis Ganges was formerly famous for its Gold now for its Water which is very pure The Natives hold that it sanctifies them whether they drink or whether they bathe in it There are in the whole Empire about 37 Kingdoms the Names whereof are almost the same with those of the Capital Cities viz. Agra Attock Bakar Bakisch Bando Bengala Berar Buchar Cabul Kakares Candahar Candis Canduana Cassimere Chitor Delli Gor Guzarate Haiacan Jamba Jenupar Jesselmere Jesual Maluay Mevat Multan Narva Naugracut Patna Pengab Pitan Sambal Siba Soret Tatta Udessa Teste Thev There are also some petty Territories as the Raja's which are of