improve_v our_o other_o sense_n of_o hear_v smell_a taste_v touch_v it_o be_v not_o impossible_a to_o hear_v a_o whisper_n a_o furlong_n distance_n it_o have_v be_v already_o do_v and_o perhaps_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v not_o make_v it_o more_o impossible_a though_o that_o furlong_n shall_v be_v ten_o time_n multiply_v and_o though_o some_o famous_a author_n have_v affirm_v it_o impossible_a to_o hear_v through_o the_o thin_a plate_n of_o muscovy-glass_n yet_o i_o know_v a_o way_n by_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a enough_o to_o hear_v one_o speak_v through_o a_o wall_n a_o yard_n thick_a it_o have_v not_o be_v yet_o thorough_o examine_v how_o far_o otocousticon_n may_v be_v improve_v nor_o what_o other_o way_n there_o may_v be_v of_o quicken_a our_o hearing_n or_o convey_v sound_n through_o other_o body_n than_o the_o air_n for_o that_o that_o be_v not_o the_o only_a medium_n i_o can_v assure_v the_o reader_n that_o i_o have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o distend_v wire_n propagate_v the_o sound_n to_o a_o very_a considerable_a distance_n in_o a_o instant_n or_o with_o as_o seem_o quick_a a_o motion_n as_o that_o of_o light_n at_o least_o incomparable_o swift_a than_o that_o which_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v propagate_v through_o the_o air_n and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n or_o direct_v but_o in_o one_o bend_a in_o many_o angle_n nor_o be_v the_o other_o three_o so_o perfect_a but_o that_o diligence_n attention_n and_o many_o mechanical_a contrivance_n may_v also_o high_o improve_v they_o for_o since_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_v seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swift_a passage_n of_o the_o air_n impregnate_v with_o the_o steam_n and_o effluvia_fw-la of_o several_a odorous_a body_n through_o the_o grisly_a meander_n of_o the_o nose_n who_o surface_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o very_a sensible_a nerve_n and_o moisten_v by_o a_o transudation_n from_o the_o processus_fw-la mamillare_v of_o the_o brain_n and_o some_o adjoin_a glandule_n and_o by_o the_o moist_a steam_n of_o the_o lung_n with_o a_o liquor_n convenient_a for_o the_o reception_n of_o those_o effluvia_fw-la and_o by_o the_o adhesion_n and_o mix_n of_o those_o steam_n with_o that_o liquor_n and_o thereby_o affect_v the_o nerve_n or_o perhaps_o by_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o brain_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o i_o have_v in_o the_o follow_a observation_n intimate_v the_o part_n of_o salt_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o skin_n of_o effs_n and_o frog_n since_o i_o say_v smell_a seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o some_o such_o way_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o some_o contrivance_n for_o make_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n pass_v quick_a through_o the_o nose_n may_v as_o much_o promote_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_v as_o the_o any_o way_n hinder_v that_o passage_n do_v dull_a and_o destroy_v it_o several_a trial_n i_o have_v make_v both_o of_o hinder_v and_o promote_a this_o sense_n and_o have_v succeed_v in_o some_o according_a to_o expectation_n and_o indeed_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v capable_a of_o be_v improve_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o many_o body_n perhaps_o we_o may_v thereby_o also_o judge_v as_o other_o creature_n seem_v to_o do_v what_o be_v wholesome_a what_o poison_n and_o in_o a_o word_n what_o be_v the_o specific_a property_n of_o body_n there_o may_v be_v also_o some_o other_o mechanical_a way_n find_v out_o of_o sensible_o perceive_v the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o body_n several_a instance_n of_o which_o be_v it_o here_o proper_a i_o can_v give_v of_o mineral_n steam_n and_o exhalation_n and_o it_o seem_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o by_o some_o such_o way_n improve_v may_v be_v discover_v what_o mineral_n lie_v bury_v under_o the_o earth_n without_o the_o trouble_n to_o dig_v for_o they_o some_o thing_n to_o confirm_v this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v find_v in_o agricola_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o mineral_n speak_v of_o the_o vegetable_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o thrive_v or_o pine_v in_o those_o steam_n whether_o also_o those_o steam_n which_o seem_v to_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o mix_v with_o the_o air_n and_o so_o to_o precipitate_v some_o aqueous_a exhalation_n wherewith_o it_o be_v impregnate_v may_v not_o be_v by_o some_o way_n detect_v before_o they_o produce_v the_o effect_n seem_v hard_a to_o determine_v yet_o something_o of_o this_o kind_n i_o be_o able_a to_o discover_v by_o a_o instrument_n i_o contrive_v to_o show_v all_o the_o minute_n variation_n in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n by_o which_o i_o constant_o find_v that_o before_o and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o rainy_a weather_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v less_o and_o in_o dry_a weather_n but_o especial_o when_o a_o eastern_a wind_n which_o have_v pass_v over_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n be_v heavy_a with_o earthy_a particle_n blow_v it_o be_v much_o more_o though_o these_o change_n be_v vary_v according_a to_o very_o odd_a law_n the_o instrument_n be_v this_o i_o prepare_v pretty_a capaceous_a bolt-head_n ab_fw-la with_o a_o small_a stem_n about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_a dc_o upon_o the_o end_n of_o this_o di_fw-it put_v on_o a_o small_a bend_a glass_n or_o brazen_a syphon_n def_n open_a at_o d_o e_o and_o f_o but_o to_o be_v close_v with_o cement_n at_o f_o and_o e_o as_o occasion_n serve_v who_o stem_n f_o shall_v be_v about_o six_o or_o eight_o inch_n long_o but_o the_o bear_v of_o it_o not_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n and_o very_o even_o these_o i_o fix_v very_o strong_o together_o by_o the_o help_n of_o very_o hard_a cement_n and_o then_o fit_a the_o whole_a glass_n abcdef_n into_o a_o long_a board_n or_o frame_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o almost_o half_a the_o head_n ab_fw-la may_v lie_v bury_v in_o a_o concave_a hemisphere_n cut_v into_o the_o board_n r_n then_o i_o place_v it_o so_o on_o the_o board_n r_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n of_o the_o first_o scheme_n and_o fix_v it_o very_o firm_a and_o steady_a in_o that_o posture_n so_o as_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n that_o be_v afterward_o to_o be_v put_v into_o it_o may_v not_o in_o the_o least_o shake_v or_o stir_v it_o then_o draw_v a_o line_n xy_n on_o the_o frame_n rt_n so_o that_o it_o may_v divide_v the_o ball_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n or_o that_o it_o may_v pass_v as_o it_o be_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o ball_n i_o begin_v from_o that_o and_o divide_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o board_n towards_o ut_fw-la into_o inch_n and_o the_o inch_n between_o the_o 25_o and_o the_o end_n e_o which_o need_v not_o be_v above_o two_o or_o three_o and_o thirty_o inch_n distant_a from_o the_o line_n xy_n i_o subdivide_v into_o decimal_n then_o stop_v the_o end_n f_o with_o soft_a cement_n or_o soft_a wax_n i_o invert_v the_o frame_n place_v the_o head_n downward_o and_o the_o orifice_n e_o upward_o and_o by_o it_o with_o a_o small_a funnel_n i_o fill_v the_o whole_a glass_n with_o quicksilver_n then_o by_o stop_v the_o small_a orifice_n e_o with_o my_o finger_n i_o oftentimes_o erect_v and_o invert_v the_o whole_a glass_n and_o frame_n and_o thereby_o free_a the_o quicksilver_n and_o glass_n from_o all_o the_o bubble_n or_o parcel_n of_o lurk_a air_n then_o invert_v it_o as_o before_o i_o fill_v it_o top_n full_a with_o clear_a and_o well_o strain_a quicksilver_n and_o have_v make_v ready_a a_o small_a ball_n of_o pretty_a hard_a cement_n by_o heat_n make_v very_o soft_a i_o press_v it_o into_o the_o hole_n e_o and_o thereby_o stop_v it_o very_o fast_o and_o to_o secure_v this_o cement_n from_o fly_v out_o afterward_o i_o bind_v over_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o leather_n that_o be_v spread_v over_o in_o the_o inside_n with_o cement_n and_o wound_n about_o it_o whilst_o the_o cement_n be_v hot_a have_v thus_o fasten_v it_o i_o gentle_o erect_v again_o the_o glass_n after_o this_o manner_n i_o first_o let_v the_o frame_n down_o edge-waye_n till_o the_o edge_n rv_n touch_v the_o floor_n only_o horizontal_a and_o then_o in_o that_o edge_a posture_n raise_v the_o end_n r_n this_o i_o do_v that_o if_o there_o chance_v to_o be_v any_o air_n hide_v in_o the_o small_a pipe_n e_o it_o may_v ascend_v into_o the_o pipe_n f_o and_o not_o into_o pipe_n dc_o have_v thus_o erect_v it_o and_o hang_v it_o by_o the_o hole_n qui_fw-fr or_o fix_v it_o perpendicular_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n i_o open_v the_o end_n f_o and_o by_o a_o small_a syphon_n i_o draw_v out_o the_o mercury_n so_o long_o till_o i_o find_v the_o surface_n of_o it_o ab_fw-la in_o the_o head_n to_o touch_v exact_o the_o line_n xy_n at_o which_o time_n i_o immediate_o take_v away_o the_o syphon_n and_o if_o by_o chance_n it_o be_v
the_o centre_n of_o they_o may_v be_v at_o any_o convenient_a distance_n asunder_o and_o that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o mandril_n lie_v both_o in_o the_o same_o plain_a produce_v may_v meet_v each_o other_o in_o any_o assignable_a angle_n both_o which_o requisite_n may_v be_v very_o well_o perform_v by_o the_o engine_n describe_v in_o the_o three_o figure_n of_o the_o first_o scheme_n where_o ab_fw-la signify_v the_o beam_n of_o a_o lath_n fix_v perpendicular_o or_o horizontal_o cd_o the_o two_o poppet_n head_n fix_v at_o about_o two_o foot_n distance_n of_o a_o iron_n mandril_n who_o taper_a neck_n f_o run_v in_o a_o adapt_v taper_v brass_n collar_n the_o other_o end_n e_z run_v on_o the_o point_n of_o a_o screw_n g_o in_o a_o convenient_a place_n of_o this_o be_v fasten_v h_n a_o pulley_n wheel_n and_o into_o the_o end_n of_o it_o that_o come_v through_o the_o poppet_n head_n c_o be_v screw_v a_o ring_n of_o a_o hollow_a cylinder_n k_o or_o some_o other_o convenient_o shape_a tool_n of_o what_o wideness_n shall_v be_v think_v most_o proper_a for_o the_o cize_n of_o glass_n about_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v as_o for_o object_n glass_n between_o twelve_o foot_n and_o a_o hundred_o foot_n long_o the_o ring_n may_v be_v about_o six_o inch_n over_o or_o indeed_o somewhat_o more_o for_o those_o long_a glass_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a also_o and_o not_o very_o chargeable_a to_o have_v four_o or_o five_o several_a tool_n as_o one_o for_o all_o glass_n between_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o foot_n one_o for_o all_o glass_n between_o a_o foot_n and_o ten_o foot_n long_o another_o for_o all_o between_o ten_o and_o a_o hundred_o a_o four_o for_o all_o between_o a_o hundred_o and_o a_o thousand_o foot_n long_o and_o if_o curiosity_n shall_v ever_o proceed_v so_o far_o one_o for_o all_o length_n between_o a_o thousand_o and_o ten_o thousand_o foot_n long_o for_o indeed_o the_o principle_n be_v such_o that_o suppose_v the_o mandril_n well_o make_v and_o of_o a_o good_a length_n and_o suppose_v great_a care_n be_v use_v in_o work_v and_o polish_n they_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o a_o glass_n of_o a_o thousand_o nay_o of_o ten_o thousand_o foot_n long_o may_v be_v as_o well_o make_v as_o one_o of_o ten_o for_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o suppose_v the_o mandril_n and_o tool_n be_v make_v sufficient_o strong_a so_o that_o they_o can_v bend_v and_o suppose_v the_o glass_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v wrought_v be_v capable_a of_o so_o great_a a_o regularity_n in_o its_o part_n as_o to_o refraction_n this_o hollow_a cylinder_n k_o be_v to_o contain_v the_o sand_n and_o by_o be_v drive_v round_o very_o quick_a to_o and_o fro_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o small_a wheel_n which_o may_v be_v move_v with_o one_o foot_n serve_v to_o grind_v the_o glass_n the_o other_o mandril_n be_v shape_v like_o this_o but_o it_o have_v a_o even_a neck_n instead_o of_o a_o taper_n one_o and_o run_v in_o a_o collar_n that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o screw_n and_o a_o joint_n make_v like_o m_n in_o the_o figure_n it_o can_v be_v still_o adjustn_v to_o the_o wear_n or_o waste_v neck_n into_o the_o end_n of_o this_o mandril_n be_v screw_v a_o chock_n n_o on_o which_o with_o cement_n or_o glue_v be_v fasten_v the_o piece_n of_o glass_n q_o that_o be_v to_o be_v form_v the_o middle_n of_o which_o glass_n be_v to_o be_v place_v just_a on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o ring_n and_o the_o lath_n open_v be_v to_o be_v set_v and_o fix_v by_o mean_n of_o certain_a piece_n and_o screw_n the_o manner_n whereof_o will_v be_v sufficient_o evidence_v by_o the_o figure_n in_o such_o a_o angle_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o the_o form_n of_o such_o a_o sphere_n as_o the_o glass_n be_v design_v to_o be_v of_o the_o geometrical_a ground_n of_o which_o be_v sufficient_o plain_a though_o not_o heed_v before_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n pass_v over_o this_o last_o mandril_n be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o former_a or_o some_o other_o wheel_n to_o run_v round_o very_o swift_a also_o by_o which_o two_o cross_a motion_n the_o glass_n can_v choose_v if_o care_n be_v use_v but_o be_v wrought_v into_o a_o most_o exact_o spherical_a surface_n but_o because_o we_o be_v certain_a from_o the_o law_n of_o refraction_n which_o two_o have_v experimental_o find_v to_o be_v so_o by_o a_o instrument_n i_o shall_v present_o describe_v that_o the_o line_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v proportionate_a to_o the_o line_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o refraction_n therefore_o if_o glass_n can_v be_v make_v of_o those_o kind_n of_o figure_n or_o some_o other_o such_o as_o the_o most_o incomparable_a des_n cartes_n have_v invent_v and_o demonstrate_v in_o his_o philosophical_a and_o mathematical_a work_n we_o may_v hope_v for_o a_o much_o great_a perfection_n of_o optic_n then_o can_v be_v rational_o expect_v from_o spherical_a one_o for_o though_o caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la we_o find_v that_o the_o large_a the_o telescope_n object_n glass_n be_v and_o the_o short_a those_o of_o the_o microscope_n the_o better_a they_o magnify_v yet_o both_o of_o they_o beside_o such_o determinate_a dimension_n be_v by_o certain_a inconvenience_n render_v unuseful_a for_o it_o will_v be_v exceed_o difficult_a to_o make_v and_o manage_v a_o tube_n above_o a_o hundred_o foot_n long_o and_o it_o will_v be_v as_o difficult_a to_o enlighten_v a_o object_n less_o than_o a_o hundred_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n distant_a from_o the_o object_n glass_n i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o make_v any_o attempt_n of_o that_o kind_n though_o i_o know_v two_o or_o three_o way_n which_o as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v yet_o consider_v seem_v very_o probable_a and_o may_v invite_v i_o to_o make_v a_o trial_n as_o soon_o as_o i_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o which_o i_o may_v hereafter_o perhaps_o acquaint_v the_o world_n in_o the_o interim_n i_o shall_v describe_v the_o instrument_n i_o even_o now_o mention_v by_o which_o the_o refraction_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o liquor_n may_v be_v most_o exact_o measure_v thereby_o to_o give_v the_o curious_a a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v what_o further_a trial_n of_o that_o kind_n they_o shall_v think_v requisite_a to_o any_o of_o their_o intend_a trial_n and_o to_o let_v they_o see_v that_o the_o law_n of_o refraction_n be_v not_o only_o notional_a the_o instrument_n consist_v of_o five_o ruler_n or_o long_a piece_n place_v together_o after_o the_o manner_n express_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n of_o the_o first_o scheme_n where_o ab_fw-la denote_v a_o straight_a piece_n of_o wood_n about_o six_o foot_n and_o two_o inch_n long_o about_o three_o inch_n over_o and_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a thick_a on_o the_o back_n side_n of_o which_o be_v hang_v a_o small_a plummet_n by_o a_o line_n stretch_v from_o top_n to_o bottom_n by_o which_o this_o piece_n be_v set_v exact_o upright_a and_o so_o very_o firm_o fix_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o be_v make_v a_o hole_n or_o centre_n into_o which_o one_o end_n of_o a_o hollow_a cylindrical_a brass_n box_n cc_o fashion_v as_o i_o shall_v by_o and_o by_o describe_v be_v place_v and_o can_v very_o easy_o and_o true_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o the_o other_o end_n of_o this_o box_n be_v put_v into_o and_o move_v in_o a_o hole_n make_v in_o a_o small_a arm_n dd_n into_o this_o box_n be_v fasten_v the_o long_a ruler_n of_o about_o three_o foot_n and_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n long_o and_o at_o three_o foot_n from_o the_o above_o mention_v centre_n pp_n be_v a_o hole_n e_o cut_v through_o and_o cross_v with_o two_o small_a thread_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o be_v fix_v a_o small_a fight_n g_o and_o on_o the_o back_n side_n of_o it_o be_v fix_v a_o small_a arm_n h_n with_o a_o screw_n to_o fix_v it_o in_o any_o place_n on_o the_o ruler_n lm_o this_o ruler_n lm_o be_v move_v on_o the_o centre_n b_o which_o be_v exact_o three_o foot_n distance_n from_o the_o middle_a centre_n p_o and_o a_o line_n draw_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o lm_o be_v divide_v by_o a_o line_n of_o cord_n into_o some_o sixty_o degree_n and_o each_o degree_n be_v subdivide_v into_o minute_n so_o that_o put_v the_o cross_n of_o the_o thread_n in_o e_o upon_o any_o part_n of_o this_o divide_a line_n i_o present_o know_v what_o angle_n the_o two_o rule_n ab_fw-la and_o of_o make_v with_o each_o other_o and_o by_o turn_v the_o screw_n in_o h_n i_o can_v fix_v they_o in_o any_o position_n the_o other_o ruler_n also_o r_n be_v make_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o it_o be_v not_o fix_v to_o the_o hollow_a cylindrical_a box_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o two_o small_a brass_n arm_n or_o ear_n it_o move_v on_o the_o centre_n
this_o order_n it_o always_o keep_v whatsoever_o be_v the_o middle_a colour_n there_o be_v further_o observable_a in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o this_o body_n many_o line_n or_o thread_n each_o of_o they_o of_o some_o one_o peculiar_a colour_n and_o those_o so_o exceed_o bright_a and_o vivid_n that_o it_o afford_v a_o very_a pleasant_a object_n through_o the_o microscope_n some_o of_o these_o thread_n i_o have_v observe_v also_o to_o be_v piece_v or_o make_v up_o of_o several_a short_a length_n of_o different_o colour_a end_n as_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o as_o a_o line_n appear_v about_o two_o inch_n long_o through_o the_o microscope_n have_v be_v compound_v of_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n of_o a_o peach_n colour_n ⅛_n of_o a_o lovely_a grass-green_n ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n more_o of_o a_o bright_a scarlet_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o line_n of_o a_o watchet_a blue_a other_o of_o they_o be_v much_o otherwise_o colour_v the_o variety_n be_v almost_o infinite_a another_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o observable_a be_v that_o if_o you_o find_v any_o place_n where_o the_o colour_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o conspicuous_a to_o the_o naked_a eye_n you_o may_v by_o press_v that_o place_n with_o your_o finger_n make_v the_o colour_n change_v place_n and_o go_v from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o there_o be_v one_o phaenomenon_n more_o which_o may_v if_o care_n be_v use_v exhibit_v to_o the_o beholder_n as_o it_o have_v divers_a time_n to_o i_o a_o exceed_a pleasant_a and_o not_o less_o instructive_a spectacle_n and_o that_o be_v if_o curiosity_n and_o diligence_n be_v use_v you_o may_v so_o split_v this_o admirable_a substance_n that_o you_o may_v have_v pretty_a large_a plate_n in_o comparison_n of_o those_o small_a one_o which_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o ring_n that_o be_v perhaps_o a_o ⅛_n or_o a_o ⅙_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n over_o each_o of_o they_o appear_v through_o the_o microscope_n most_o curious_o entire_o and_o uniform_o adorn_v with_o some_o one_o vivid_n colour_n this_o if_o examine_v with_o the_o microscope_n may_v be_v plain_o perceive_v to_o be_v in_o all_o part_n of_o it_o equal_o thick_a two_o three_o or_o more_o of_o these_o lie_v one_o upon_o another_o exhibit_v oftentimes_o curious_a compound_v colour_n which_o produce_v such_o a_o compositum_fw-la as_o one_o will_v scarce_o imagine_v shall_v be_v the_o result_n of_o such_o ingredient_n as_o perhaps_o a_o faint_a yellow_a and_o a_o blue_a may_v produce_v a_o very_a deep_a purple_a but_o when_o anon_o we_o come_v to_o the_o more_o strict_a examination_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n and_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n of_o these_o production_n we_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v it_o more_o conceivable_a how_o they_o be_v produce_v and_o show_v they_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o natural_a and_o necessary_a effect_n arise_v from_o the_o peculiar_a union_n of_o concurrent_a cause_n these_o phaenomena_n be_v so_o various_a and_o so_o true_o admirable_a it_o will_v certain_o be_v very_o well_o worth_a our_o inquiry_n to_o examine_v the_o cause_n and_o reason_n of_o they_o and_o to_o consider_v whether_o from_o these_o cause_n demonstrative_o evidence_v may_v not_o be_v deduce_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o production_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o colour_n and_o i_o the_o rather_o now_o do_v it_o instead_o of_o a_o appendix_n or_o digression_n to_o this_o history_n then_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o examine_v the_o colour_n in_o peacock_n or_o other_o feather_n because_o this_o subject_a as_o it_o do_v afford_v more_o variety_n of_o particular_a colour_n so_o do_v it_o afford_v much_o better_a way_n of_o examine_v each_o circumstance_n and_o this_o will_v be_v make_v manifest_a to_o he_o that_o consider_v first_o that_o this_o laminated_a body_n be_v more_o simple_a and_o regular_a than_o the_o part_n of_o peacock_n feather_n this_o consist_v only_o of_o a_o indefinite_a number_n of_o plain_a and_o smooth_a plate_n heap_v up_o or_o incumbent_n on_o each_o other_o next_o that_o the_o part_n of_o this_o body_n be_v much_o more_o manageable_a to_o be_v divide_v or_o join_v than_o the_o part_n of_o a_o peacock_n feather_n or_o any_o other_o substance_n that_o i_o know_v and_o three_o because_o that_o in_o this_o we_o be_v able_a from_o a_o colourless_a body_n to_o produce_v several_a colour_a body_n afford_v all_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n imaginable_a and_o several_a other_o which_o the_o subsequent_a inquiry_n will_v make_v manifest_a to_o begin_v therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o several_a circumstance_n that_o the_o material_a cause_n of_o the_o apparition_n of_o these_o several_a colour_n be_v some_o lamina_fw-la or_o plate_n of_o a_o transparent_a or_o pellucid_a body_n of_o a_o thickness_n very_o determinate_a and_o proportion_a according_a to_o the_o great_a or_o less_o refractive_a power_n of_o the_o pellucid_a body_n and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o abundance_n of_o instance_n and_o particular_a circumstance_n will_v make_v manifest_a as_o first_o if_o you_o take_v any_o small_a piece_n of_o the_o muscovy-glass_n and_o with_o a_o needle_n or_o some_o other_o convenient_a instrument_n cleave_v it_o oftentimes_o into_o thin_a and_o thin_a laminae_fw-la you_o shall_v find_v that_o till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o determinate_a thinness_n of_o they_o they_o shall_v all_o appear_v transparent_a and_o colourless_a but_o if_o you_o continue_v to_o split_v and_o divide_v they_o further_o you_o shall_v find_v at_o last_o that_o each_o plate_n after_o it_o come_v to_o such_o a_o determinate_a thickness_n shall_v appear_v most_o lovely_a tinged_a or_o imbue_v with_o a_o determinate_a colour_n if_o further_o by_o any_o mean_n you_o so_o flaw_v a_o pretty_a thick_a piece_n that_o one_o part_n do_v begin_v to_o cleave_v a_o little_a from_o the_o other_o and_o between_o those_o two_o there_o be_v by_o any_o mean_v get_v some_o pellucid_a medium_n those_o laminated_a pellucid_a body_n that_o fill_v that_o space_n shall_v exhibit_v several_a rainbow_n or_o colour_a line_n the_o colour_n of_o which_o will_v be_v dispose_v and_o range_v according_a to_o the_o various_a thickness_n of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o that_o plate_n that_o this_o be_v so_o be_v yet_o further_o confirm_v by_o this_o experiment_n take_v two_o small_a piece_n of_o ground_n and_o polish_a looking-glass-plate_n each_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o shilling_n take_v these_o two_o dry_a and_o with_o your_o fore-finger_n and_o thumb_n press_v they_o very_o hard_a and_o close_o together_o and_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o when_o they_o approach_v each_o other_o very_o near_o there_o will_v appear_v several_a iris_n or_o colour_a line_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o as_o in_o the_o muscovy-glass_n and_o you_o may_v very_o easy_o change_v any_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o interpose_a body_n by_o press_v the_o plate_n close_o and_o hard_a together_o or_o leave_v they_o more_o lax_n that_o be_v a_o part_n which_o appear_v colour_v with_o a_o red_a may_v be_v present_o tinge_v with_o a_o yellow_a blue_a green_a purple_a or_o the_o like_a by_o alter_v the_o appropinquation_n of_o the_o terminate_a plate_n now_o that_o air_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v the_o interpose_a body_n but_o that_o any_o other_o transparent_a fluid_n will_v do_v much_o the_o same_o may_v be_v try_v by_o wet_v those_o approximated_a surface_n with_o water_n or_o any_o other_o transparent_a liquor_n and_o proceed_v with_o it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o you_o do_v with_o the_o air_n and_o you_o will_v find_v much_o the_o like_a effect_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o compress_a body_n which_o differ_v most_o in_o their_o refractive_a quality_n from_o the_o compress_a body_n exhibit_v the_o most_o strong_a and_o vivid_v tincture_n nor_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o this_o laminated_a and_o tinged_a body_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o fluid_a substance_n any_o other_o substance_n provide_v it_o be_v thin_a enough_o and_o transparent_a do_v the_o same_o thing_n this_o the_o laminae_fw-la of_o our_o muscovy-glass_n hint_n but_o it_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o multitude_n of_o other_o instance_n and_o first_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o even_o glass_n itself_o may_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o lamp_n be_v blow_v thin_a enough_o to_o produce_v these_o phaenomena_n of_o colour_n which_o phaenomena_n accidental_o happen_v as_o i_o have_v be_v attempt_v to_o frame_v small_a glass_n with_o a_o lamp_n do_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v i_o at_o first_o have_v never_o hear_v or_o see_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o before_o though_o afterward_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v in_o those_o bubble_n which_o child_n use_v to_o make_v with_o soap-water_n i_o do_v the_o less_o wonder_n especial_o when_o upon_o experiment_n i_o find_v i_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v the_o same_o phaenomena_n in_o thin_a
his_o 40._o experiment_n precipitate_v with_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la into_o a_o orange_n colour_v precipitate_a nor_o be_v it_o less_o probable_a that_o the_o calcination_n of_o those_o vitriol_n by_o the_o fire_n shall_v have_v their_o particle_n transparent_a thus_o saccarum_fw-la saturni_n or_o the_o vitriol_n of_o lead_n by_o calcination_n become_v a_o deep_a orange-coloured_a minium_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o precipitation_n by_o some_o salt_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o fire_n common_a vitriol_n calcine_v yield_v a_o deep_a brown_a red_a etc._n etc._n a_o three_o argument_n that_o the_o particle_n of_o metal_n be_v transparent_a be_v that_o be_v calcine_v and_o melt_v with_o glass_n they_o thing_fw-mi the_o glass_n with_o transparent_a colour_n thus_o the_o calx_fw-la of_o silvertinge_n the_o glass_n on_o which_o it_o be_v anneal_v with_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a or_o gold_n colour_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o part_n of_o metal_n be_v transparent_a may_v be_v far_o argue_v from_o the_o transparency_n of_o leaf-gold_n which_o hold_v against_o the_o light_n both_o to_o the_o naked_a eye_n and_o the_o microscope_n exhibit_v a_o deep_a green_n and_o though_o i_o have_v never_o see_v the_o other_o metal_n laminate_v so_o thin_a that_o i_o be_v able_a to_o perceive_v they_o transparent_a yet_o for_o copper_n and_o brass_n if_o we_o have_v the_o same_o conveniency_n for_o laminate_v they_o as_o we_o have_v for_o gold_n we_o may_v perhaps_o through_o such_o plate_n or_o leaf_n find_v very_o differ_v degree_n of_o blue_a or_o green_a for_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o those_o ray_n that_o rebound_v from_o they_o tinge_v with_o a_o deep_a yellow_a or_o pale_a red_a as_o from_o copper_n or_o with_o a_o pale_a yellow_a as_o from_o brass_n have_v past_a through_o they_o for_o i_o can_v conceive_v how_o by_o reflection_n alone_o those_o ray_n can_v receive_v a_o tincture_n take_v any_o hypothesis_n extant_a so_o that_o we_o see_v there_o may_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n be_v draw_v from_o these_o instance_n why_o those_o colour_n which_o we_o be_v unable_a to_o dilute_v to_o the_o pale_a yellow_a or_o blue_a or_o green_n be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v conclude_v not_o to_o be_v a_o deep_a degree_n of_o they_o for_o suppose_v we_o have_v a_o great_a company_n of_o small_a globular_a essence_n bottle_n or_o round_a glass_n bubble_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o walnut_n fill_v each_o of_o they_o with_o a_o very_a deep_a mixture_n of_o saffron_n and_o that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o do_v appear_v of_o a_o deep_a scarlet_a colour_n and_o all_o of_o they_o together_o do_v exhibit_v at_o a_o distance_n a_o deep_a die_v scarlet_a body_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v because_o after_o we_o have_v come_v near_o to_o this_o congery_n or_o mass_n and_o divide_v it_o into_o its_o part_n and_o examine_v each_o of_o its_o part_n several_o or_o apart_o we_o find_v they_o to_o have_v much_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o whole_a mass_n it_o do_v not_o i_o say_v therefore_o follow_v that_o if_o we_o can_v break_v those_o globule_n small_a or_o any_o other_o way_n come_v to_o see_v a_o small_a or_o thin_a parcel_n of_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n that_o fill_v those_o bubble_n that_o that_o tinged_a liquor_n must_v always_o appear_v red_a or_o of_o a_o scarlet_a hue_n since_o if_o experiment_n be_v make_v the_o quite_o contrary_a will_v ensue_v for_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v dilute_v into_o the_o pale_a yellow_a now_o that_o i_o may_v avoid_v all_o the_o objection_n of_o this_o kind_n by_o exhibit_v a_o experiment_n that_o may_v by_o ocular_a proof_n convince_v those_o who_o other_o reason_n will_v not_o prevail_v with_o i_o provide_v i_o a_o prismatical_a glass_n make_v hollow_a just_a in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o wedge_n such_o as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o ten_o figure_n of_o the_o six_o scheme_n the_o two_o parallelogram_n side_n abcd_v abef_n which_o meet_v at_o a_o point_n be_v make_v of_o the_o clear_a looking-glass_n plate_n well_o ground_n and_o polish_a that_o i_o can_v get_v these_o be_v join_v with_o hard_a cement_n to_o the_o triangular_a side_n be_v adf_n which_o be_v of_o wood_n the_o parallelogram_n base_a bcef_n likewise_o be_v of_o wood_n join_v on_o to_o the_o rest_n with_o hard_a cement_n and_o the_o whole_a prismatical_a box_n be_v exact_o stop_v every_o where_o but_o only_o a_o little_a hole_n near_o the_o base_a be_v leave_v whereby_o the_o vessel_n can_v be_v fill_v with_o any_o liquor_n or_o empty_v again_o at_o pleasure_n one_o of_o these_o box_n for_o i_o have_v two_o of_o they_o i_o fill_v with_o a_o pretty_a deep_a tincture_n of_o aloe_n draw_v only_o with_o fair_a water_n and_o then_o stop_v the_o hole_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o wax_n then_o by_o hold_v this_o wedge_n against_o the_o light_n and_o look_v through_o it_o it_o be_v obvious_a enough_o to_o see_v the_o tincture_n of_o the_o liquor_n near_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o wedge_n where_o it_o be_v but_o very_o thin_a to_o be_v a_o pale_a but_o well_o colour_v yellow_a and_o further_o and_o further_o from_o the_o edge_n as_o the_o liquor_n grow_v thick_a and_o thick_a this_o tincture_n appear_v deep_a and_o deep_o so_o that_o near_o the_o blunt_a end_n which_o be_v seven_o inch_n from_o the_o edge_n and_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a it_o be_v of_o a_o deep_a and_o well_o colour_v red._n now_o the_o clear_a and_o pure_a this_o tincture_n be_v the_o more_o lovely_a will_v the_o deep_a scarlet_n be_v and_o the_o foul_a the_o tincture_n be_v the_o more_o dirty_a will_v the_o red_a appear_v so_o that_o some_o dirty_a tincture_n have_v afford_v their_o deep_a red_a much_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o burn_a ochre_n or_o spanish_a brown_a other_o as_o lovely_a a_o colour_n as_o vermilion_n and_o some_o much_o bright_a but_o several_a other_o according_a as_o the_o tincture_n be_v worse_o or_o more_o foul_a exhibit_v various_a kind_n of_o red_n of_o very_o differ_v degree_n the_o other_o of_o these_o wedge_n i_o fill_v with_o a_o most_o lovely_a tincture_n of_o copper_n draw_v from_o the_o file_n of_o it_o with_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o this_o wedge_n hold_v as_o the_o former_a against_o the_o light_n afford_v all_o manner_n of_o blue_n from_o the_o faint_v to_o the_o deep_a so_o that_o i_o be_v in_o good_a hope_n by_o these_o two_o to_o have_v produce_v all_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n imaginable_a for_o i_o think_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o have_v be_v able_a by_o place_v the_o two_o parallelogram_n side_n together_o and_o the_o edge_n contrary_a way_n to_o have_v so_o move_v they_o to_o and_o fro_o one_o by_o another_o as_o by_o look_v through_o they_o in_o several_a place_n and_o through_o several_a thickness_n i_o shall_v have_v compound_v and_o consequent_o have_v see_v all_o those_o colour_n which_o by_o other_o like_a composition_n of_o colour_n will_v have_v ensue_v but_o instead_o of_o meeting_n with_o what_o i_o look_v for_o i_o meet_v with_o somewhat_o more_o admirable_a and_o that_o be_v that_o i_o find_v myself_o utter_o unable_a to_o see_v through_o they_o when_o place_v both_o together_o though_o they_o be_v transparent_a enough_o when_o asunder_o and_o though_o i_o can_v see_v through_o twice_o the_o thickness_n when_o both_o of_o they_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o same_o colour_a liquor_n whether_o both_o with_o the_o yellow_a or_o both_o with_o the_o blue_n yet_o when_o one_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o yellow_a the_o other_o with_o the_o blue_n and_o both_o look_v through_o they_o both_o appear_v dark_a only_o when_o the_o part_n near_o the_o top_n be_v look_v through_o they_o exhibit_v green_n and_o those_o of_o very_a great_a variety_n as_o i_o expect_v but_o the_o purple_n and_o other_o colour_n i_o can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n make_v whether_o i_o endeavour_v to_o look_v through_o they_o both_o against_o the_o sun_n or_o whether_o i_o place_v they_o against_o the_o hole_n of_o a_o darken_a room_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o mis-ghessing_a i_o proceed_v on_o with_o my_o trial_n in_o a_o dark_a room_n and_o have_v two_o hole_n near_o one_o another_o i_o be_v able_a by_o place_v my_o wedge_n against_o they_o to_o mix_v the_o tinged_a ray_n that_o past_a through_o they_o and_o fall_v on_o a_o sheet_n of_o white_a paper_n hold_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o they_o as_o i_o please_v so_o that_o i_o can_v make_v the_o paper_n appear_v of_o what_o colour_n i_o will_v by_o vary_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wedge_n and_o consequent_o the_o tincture_n of_o the_o ray_n that_o past_a through_o the_o two_o hole_n and_o sometime_o also_o by_o vary_v the_o paper_n that_o be_v instead_o of_o a_o white_a paper_n hold_v a_o gray_a or_o a_o black_a piece_n of_o paper_n whence_o i_o
earth_n and_o sprunkle_v a_o little_a warm_a water_n thereon_o will_v within_o four_o day_n produce_v mushroom_n fit_a to_o be_v eat_v at_o what_o time_n one_o will_n as_o also_o that_o mushroom_n may_v be_v make_v to_o grow_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o wild_a poplar_n tree_n within_o four_o day_n after_o warm_a water_n wherein_o some_o leaf_n have_v be_v dissolve_v shall_v be_v pour_v into_o the_o root_n which_o must_v be_v slit_v and_o the_o stock_n above_o ground_n next_o that_o as_o mushroom_n may_v be_v generate_v without_o seed_n so_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o seed_n in_o any_o part_n of_o they_o for_o have_v consider_v several_a kind_n of_o they_o i_o can_v never_o â—â—nd_v any_o thing_n in_o they_o that_o i_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n guess_v to_o be_v the_o â—eed_n of_o it_o so_o that_o it_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o appear_v that_o i_o know_v of_o that_o mushroom_n may_v be_v generate_v from_o a_o seed_n but_o they_o rather_o seem_v to_o depend_v mere_o upon_o a_o convenient_a constitution_n of_o the_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o a_o concurrence_n of_o either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a heat_n three_o that_o by_o several_a body_n as_o salt_n and_o metal_n both_o in_o water_n and_o in_o the_o air_n and_o by_o several_a kind_n of_o sublimation_n in_o the_o air_n actuate_v and_o guide_v with_o a_o congruous_a heat_n there_o may_v be_v produce_v several_a kind_n of_o body_n as_o curious_o if_o not_o of_o a_o more_o compose_v figure_n several_a kind_n of_o rise_v or_o ebulliate_a figure_n seem_v to_o manifest_v as_o witness_v the_o â—â—ooting_n in_o the_o rectification_n of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n hart-horn_n eloud_v etc._n etc._n witness_v also_o the_o curious_a branch_n of_o evaporate_v dissolution_n some_o of_o they_o against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o contain_v jar_n other_o stand_v up_o or_o grow_v a_o end_n out_o of_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o very_a great_a variety_n but_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v a_o very_a pretty_a kind_n of_o germination_n which_o be_v afford_v we_o in_o the_o silver_n tree_n the_o manner_n of_o make_v which_o with_o mercury_n and_o silver_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o chemist_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o ebullition_n or_o germination_n very_o much_o like_o this_o of_o mushroom_n if_o i_o have_v be_v right_o inform_v of_o it_o four_o i_o have_v very_o often_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o also_o observe_v with_o a_o microscope_n certain_a excrescency_n or_o ebullition_n in_o the_o snuff_n of_o a_o candle_n which_o partly_o from_o the_o stick_n of_o the_o smoky_a particle_n as_o they_o be_v carry_v upward_o by_o the_o current_n of_o the_o rarify_v air_n and_o flame_n and_o partly_o also_o from_o a_o kind_n of_o germination_n or_o ebullition_n of_o some_o actuate_v unctuous_a part_n which_o creep_v along_o and_o filter_n through_o some_o small_a string_n of_o the_o week_n be_v form_v into_o pretty_a round_n and_o uniform_a head_n very_o much_o resemble_v the_o form_n of_o hood_a mushroom_n which_o be_v by_o any_o mean_v expose_v to_o the_o fresh_a air_n or_o that_o air_n which_o encompass_n the_o flame_n they_o be_v present_o lick_v up_o and_o devour_v by_o it_o and_o vanish_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o this_o that_o when_o a_o convenient_a thread_n of_o the_o week_n be_v so_o bend_v out_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o snuff_n that_o be_v about_o half_a a_o inch_n or_o more_o remove_v above_o the_o bottom_n or_o low_a part_n of_o the_o flame_n and_o that_o this_o part_n be_v whole_o include_v in_o the_o flame_n the_o oil_n for_o the_o reason_n of_o filtration_n which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o render_v be_v continua_o drive_v up_o the_o snuff_n be_v drive_v likewise_o into_o this_o ragged_a bended-end_n and_o this_o be_v remove_v a_o good_a distance_n as_o half_a a_o inch_n or_o more_o above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o flame_n the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o pass_v by_o it_o be_v already_o almost_o satiate_v with_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o boil_a unctuous_a steam_n that_o issue_v out_o below_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o only_o glut_v that_o be_v can_v dissolve_v no_o more_o than_o what_o they_o be_v already_o act_v upon_o but_o they_o carry_v up_o with_o they_o abundance_n of_o unctuous_a and_o sooty_a particle_n which_o meet_v with_o that_o rag_n of_o the_o week_n that_o be_v plentiful_o fill_v with_o oil_n and_o only_o spend_v it_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o evaporate_v and_o not_o at_o all_o by_o dissolution_n of_o burn_a by_o mean_n of_o these_o steamy_a part_n of_o the_o filterated_a oil_n issue_v out_o at_o the_o side_n of_o this_o rag_n and_o be_v enclose_v with_o a_o air_n that_o be_v already_o satiate_v and_o can_v prey_v upon_o they_o nor_o burn_v they_o the_o ascend_a sooty_a particle_n be_v stay_v about_o it_o and_o fix_v so_o as_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o that_o rag_n or_o filament_n of_o the_o snuff_n whence_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o steam_n issue_n there_o be_v conglobate_v or_o fix_v a_o round_a and_o pretty_a uniform_a cap_n much_o resemble_v the_o head_n of_o a_o mushroom_n which_o if_o it_o be_v of_o any_o great_a bigness_n you_o may_v observe_v that_o its_o underside_n will_v be_v big_a than_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o rag_n or_o stem_n of_o it_o for_o the_o oil_n that_o be_v bring_v into_o it_o by_o filtration_n be_v by_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cap_n a_o little_a shelter_v from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o flame_n do_v by_o that_o mean_v issue_n as_o much_o out_o from_o beneath_o from_o the_o stalk_n or_o downward_o as_o it_o do_v upward_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a access_n of_o the_o adventitious_a smoke_n from_o beneath_o it_o increase_v most_o that_o way_n that_o this_o may_v be_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o can_v produce_v many_o argument_n and_o experiment_n to_o make_v it_o probable_a as_o first_o that_o the_o filtration_n carry_v the_o oil_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o week_n at_o least_o as_o high_a as_o these_o rag_n be_v visible_a to_o one_o that_o will_v observe_v the_o snuff_n of_o a_o burn_a candle_n with_o a_o microscope_n where_o he_o may_v see_v a_o ebullition_n or_o bubble_a of_o the_o oil_n as_o high_a as_o the_o snuff_n look_v black_a next_o that_o it_o do_v steam_n away_o more_o than_o burn_v i_o can_v tell_v you_o of_o the_o dim_a burn_a of_o a_o candle_n the_o long_o the_o snuff_n be_v which_o arise_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o vapour_n out_o of_o the_o high_a part_n of_o it_o and_o three_o that_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o candle_n near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o snuff_n the_o fire_n or_o dissolve_v principle_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o strong_a as_o near_o the_o bottom_n and_o out_o edge_n of_o the_o flame_n which_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o burn_a asunder_o of_o a_o thread_n that_o will_v first_o break_v in_o those_o part_n that_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o flame_n touch_n and_o not_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o i_o can_v add_v several_a observable_n that_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n actuate_v with_o bellows_o and_o very_o many_o other_o that_o confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v only_o to_o consider_v this_o concreet_fw-la in_o the_o snuff_n of_o a_o candle_n so_o far_o as_o it_o have_v any_o resemblance_n of_o a_o mushroom_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o which_o that_o i_o may_v return_v i_o say_v we_o may_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o the_o dropping_n or_o trilling_n of_o lapidescent_n water_n in_o vault_n under_o ground_n seem_v to_o constitute_v a_o kind_n of_o petrified_a body_n form_v almost_o like_o some_o kind_n of_o mushroom_n invert_v in_o so_o much_o that_o i_o have_v see_v some_o knobbed_a a_o little_a at_o the_o low_a end_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n indeed_o they_o be_v otherwise_o shape_v and_o taper_v towards_o the_o end_n the_o generation_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v from_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o this_o that_o the_o water_n by_o soak_v through_o the_o earth_n and_o lime_n for_o i_o guess_v that_o substance_n to_o add_v much_o to_o it_o petrify_a quality_n do_v so_o impregnate_n itself_o with_o stony_a particle_n that_o hang_v in_o drop_n in_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o vault_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o soak_v of_o the_o water_n be_v but_o slow_a it_o become_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o thereby_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n by_o degree_n grow_v hard_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n gradual_o
now_o that_o it_o be_v a_o curve_v line_n be_v manifest_a by_o this_o experiment_n i_o take_v a_o box_n such_o as_o adge_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n of_o the_o 37._o scheme_n who_o side_n abcd_v and_o efgh_a be_v make_v of_o two_o smooth_a flat_a plate_n of_o glass_n then_o fill_v it_o half_o full_a with_o a_o very_a strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n i_o fill_v the_o other_o half_a with_o very_o fair_a fresh_a water_n then_o expose_v the_o opacous_a side_n dhgc_a to_o the_o sun_n i_o observe_v both_o the_o refraction_n and_o inflection_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n id_fw-la &_o kh_n and_o mark_v as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v the_o point_n p_o n_o o_o m_o by_o which_o the_o ray_n kh_n pass_v through_o the_o compound_a medium_n i_o find_v they_o to_o be_v in_o a_o curve_v line_n for_o the_o part_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v continual_o more_o dense_a the_o near_o they_o be_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o ray_n pf_o be_v continual_o more_o and_o more_o deflect_v downward_o from_o the_o straight_a line_n schem_n xxxvii_o i_o can_v produce_v many_o more_o example_n and_o experiment_n to_o illustrate_v and_o prove_v this_o first_o proposition_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o constitution_n of_o some_o body_n as_o will_v cause_v inflection_n as_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o horn_n tortoise-shell_n transparent_a gum_n and_o resinous_a substance_n the_o vein_n of_o glass_n nay_o of_o melt_a crystal_n find_v and_o much_o complain_v of_o by_o glass-grinder_n and_o other_o may_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o to_o any_o diligent_a observator_fw-la but_o that_o i_o presume_v i_o have_v by_o this_o example_n give_v proof_n sufficient_a viz._n ocular_a demonstration_n to_o evince_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o modulation_n or_o bend_v of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n as_o i_o have_v call_v inflection_n differ_v both_o from_o reflection_n and_o refraction_n since_o they_o be_v both_o make_v in_o the_o superficies_n this_o only_a in_o the_o middle_a and_o likewise_o that_o this_o be_v able_a or_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n i_o have_v ascribe_v to_o it_o it_o remain_v therefore_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o property_n in_o the_o air_n and_o that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v all_o the_o above_o mention_v phaenomena_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v the_o principal_a if_o not_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o they_o first_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o property_n may_v be_v prove_v from_o this_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o condense_v other_o more_o rarify_v either_o by_o the_o differ_a heat_n or_o differ_v pressure_n it_o sustain_v or_o by_o the_o somewhat_o heterogeneous_a vapour_n intersperse_v through_o it_o for_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rarify_v so_o do_v it_o more_o or_o less_o refract_v a_o ray_n of_o light_n that_o come_v out_o of_o a_o denser_n medium_n from_o the_o perpendicular_a this_o you_o may_v find_v true_a if_o you_o make_v trial_n of_o this_o experiment_n take_v a_o small_a glass-bubble_n make_v in_o the_o form_n of_o that_o in_o the_o second_o figure_n of_o the_o 37._o scheme_n and_o by_o heat_n the_o glass_n very_o hot_a and_o thereby_o very_a much_o rarify_n the_o include_v air_n or_o which_o be_v better_o by_o rarify_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n include_v in_o it_o into_o vapour_n which_o will_v expel_v the_o most_o part_n if_o not_o all_o the_o air_n and_o then_o seal_v up_o the_o small_a neck_n of_o it_o and_o let_v it_o cool_a you_o may_v find_v if_o you_o place_v it_o in_o a_o convenient_a instrument_n that_o there_o will_v be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n as_o to_o the_o refraction_n as_o if_o in_o this_o second_o figure_n you_o suppose_v a_o to_o represent_v a_o small_a sight_n or_o hole_n through_o which_o the_o eye_n look_v upon_o a_o object_n as_o c_o through_o the_o glass-bubble_n b_o and_o the_o second_o sight_n l_o all_o which_o remain_v exact_o fix_v in_o their_o several_a place_n the_o object_n c_o being_n so_o cize_v and_o place_v that_o it_o may_v just_o seem_v to_o touch_v the_o upper_a and_o under_o edge_n of_o the_o hole_n l_o and_o so_o all_o of_o it_o be_v see_v through_o the_o small_a glass-ball_n of_o rarify_v air_n then_o by_o break_v off_o the_o small_a seal_a neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n without_o at_o all_o stir_v the_o sight_n object_n or_o glass_n and_o admit_v the_o external_a air_n you_o will_v find_v yourself_o unable_a to_o see_v the_o utmost_a end_n of_o the_o object_n but_o the_o terminate_a ray_n ae_n and_o ad_fw-la which_o be_v before_o refract_v to_o g_z and_o f_o by_o the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v proceed_v almost_o direct_o to_o i_o and_o h_n which_o alteration_n of_o the_o ray_n see_v there_o be_v no_o other_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o organ_n by_o which_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v save_v only_o the_o admission_n or_o exclusion_n of_o the_o condense_v air_n must_v necessary_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o medium_n contain_v in_o the_o glass_n b_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o the_o make_n of_o which_o experiment_n be_v from_o the_o uneven_a surface_n of_o the_o bubble_n which_o will_v represent_v a_o uneven_a image_n of_o the_o object_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o difference_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v clear_a enough_o evince_v from_o the_o late_a improvement_n of_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n which_o have_v be_v try_v at_o the_o top_n and_o foot_n of_o mountain_n and_o may_v be_v further_o illustrate_v and_o inquire_v into_o by_o a_o mean_n which_o some_o while_n since_o i_o think_v of_o and_o use_v for_o the_o find_n by_o what_o degree_n the_o air_n pass_v from_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o density_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o rarity_n and_o another_o for_o the_o find_v what_o pressure_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v it_o pass_v from_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o rarefaction_n to_o a_o determinate_a density_n which_o experiment_n because_o they_o may_v be_v useful_a to_o illustrate_v the_o present_a inquiry_n i_o shall_v brief_o describe_v 3._o i_o take_v then_o a_o small_a glass-pipe_n ab_fw-la about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n and_o about_o four_o foot_n long_o which_o be_v very_o equal_o draw_v so_o that_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v no_o one_o part_n be_v big_a than_o another_o this_o tube_n be_v open_a at_o both_o end_n i_o fit_v into_o another_o small_a tube_n de_fw-fr that_o have_v a_o small_a bear_v just_o big_a enough_o to_o contain_v the_o small_a pipe_n and_o this_o be_v seal_v up_o at_o one_o and_o open_a at_o the_o other_o end_n about_o which_o open_a end_n i_o fasten_v a_o small_a wooden_a box_n c_o with_o cement_n so_o that_o fill_v the_o big_a tube_n and_o part_n of_o the_o box_n with_o quicksilver_n i_o can_v thrust_v the_o small_a tube_n into_o it_o till_o it_o well_o all_o cover_v with_o the_o quicksilver_n have_v thus_o do_v i_o fasten_v my_o big_a tube_n against_o the_o side_n of_o a_o wall_n that_o it_o may_v stand_v the_o steady_a and_o plunge_v the_o small_a tube_n clear_a under_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o box_n i_o stop_v the_o upper_a end_n of_o it_o very_o fast_o with_o cement_n then_o lift_v up_o the_o small_a tube_n i_o draw_v it_o up_o by_o a_o small_a pulley_n and_o a_o string_n that_o i_o have_v fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o room_n and_o find_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n to_o be_v about_o twenty_o nine_o inch_n then_o let_v down_o the_o tube_n again_o i_o open_v the_o top_n and_o then_o thrust_v down_o the_o small_a tube_n till_o i_o perceive_v the_o quicksilver_n to_o rise_v within_o it_o to_o a_o mark_n that_o i_o have_v place_v just_o a_o inch_n from_o the_o top_n and_o immediate_o clap_v on_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o cement_n that_o i_o have_v keep_v warm_a i_o with_o a_o hot_a iron_n seal_v up_o the_o top_n very_o fast_o then_o let_v it_o cool_a that_o both_o the_o cement_n may_v grow_v hard_a and_o more_o especial_o that_o the_o air_n may_v come_v to_o its_o temper_n natural_a for_o the_o day_n i_o try_v the_o experiment_n in_o i_o observe_v diligent_o and_o find_v the_o include_v air_n to_o be_v exact_o a_o inch._n here_o you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o after_o the_o air_n be_v seal_v up_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o to_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o box_n till_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o within_o the_o tube_n be_v equal_a to_o it_o for_o the_o quicksilver_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v be_v more_o heterogeneous_a to_o the_o glass_n than_o the_o air_n will_v not_o natural_o rise_v up_o so_o high_a within_o the_o small_a pipe_n
as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o box_n and_o therefore_o you_o be_v to_o observe_v how_o much_o below_o the_o outward_a superficies_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o box_n that_o of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o tube_n do_v stand_v when_o the_o top_n be_v open_a free_a ingress_n be_v admit_v to_o the_o outward_a air._n have_v thus_o do_v i_o permit_v the_o cylinder_n or_o small_a pipe_n to_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o box_n till_o i_o find_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o pipe_n to_o be_v two_o inch_n above_o that_o in_o the_o box_n and_o find_v the_o air_n to_o have_v expanded_a itself_o but_o one_o sixteen_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n then_o draw_v up_o the_o small_a pipe_n till_o i_o find_v the_o height_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n within_o to_o be_v four_o inch_n above_o that_o without_o i_o observe_v the_o air_n to_o be_v expanded_a only_o 1_o 7_o of_o a_o inch_n more_o than_o it_o be_v at_o first_o and_o to_o take_v up_o the_o room_n of_o 1_o 1_o 7_o inch_n then_o i_o raise_v the_o tube_n till_o the_o cylinder_n be_v six_o inch_n high_a and_o find_v the_o air_n to_o take_v up_o 1_o 2_o 9_o inch_n of_o room_n in_o the_o pipe_n then_o to_o 8_o 10_o 12._o etc._n etc._n the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n that_o i_o find_v to_o each_o of_o which_o cylinder_n be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o follow_a table_n where_o the_o first_o row_n signify_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n the_o next_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n the_o three_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o the_o high_a cylinder_n of_o mercury_n which_o be_v then_o near_o thirty_o inch_n the_o last_o signify_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n so_o expanded_a which_o be_v find_v by_o substract_v the_o first_o row_n of_o number_n out_o of_o the_o three_o for_o have_v find_v that_o the_o outward_a air_n will_v then_o keep_v up_o the_o quicksilver_n to_o thirty_o inch_n look_v whatever_o of_o that_o height_n be_v want_v must_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o air_n depress_v and_o therefore_o have_v the_o expansion_n in_o the_o second_o row_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o subjacent_a cylinder_n of_o mercury_n in_o the_o first_o and_o the_o great_a height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n which_o of_o itself_o counterballance_n the_o whole_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o substract_v the_o number_n of_o the_o first_o row_n out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o three_o you_o will_v have_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o cylinder_v so_o depress_v and_o consequent_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o several_a expansion_n register_v the_o height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n that_o together_o with_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o include_v air_n balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air._n the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n that_o counterbalanced_a the_o atmosphere_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o expanded_a air._n 00_o 01_o 30_o 30_o 02_o 01_o 1_o 16_o 30_o 28_o 04_o 01_o 1_o 7_o 30_o 26_o 06_o 01_o 2_o 9_o 30_o 24_o 08_o 01â…“_n 30_o 22_o 10_o 01_o 1_o 12_o 30_o 20_o 12_o 01â…”_n 30_o 18_o 14_o 01_o â—_o 6_o 30_o 16_o 16_o 02_o 2_o 27_o 30_o 14_o 18_o 02_o 4_o 9_o 30_o 12_o 20_o 03_o 30_o 10_o 22_o 03_o 7_o 9_o 30_o 8_o 24_o 05_o 7_o 18_o 30_o 6_o 25_o 06_o â…”_n 30_o 5_o 26_o 08_o ½_o 30_o 4_o 26_o ¼_n 09_o ½_o 30_o 3_o ¾_n 26_o ½_o 10_o ¾_n 30_o 3_o ½_o 26_o ¾_n 13_o 30_o 3_o ¼_n 27_o 15_o ½_o 30_o 3_o i_o have_v several_a other_o table_n of_o my_o observation_n and_o calculation_n which_o i_o then_o make_v but_o it_o be_v above_o a_o twelve_o month_n since_o i_o make_v they_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n have_v forget_v many_o circumstance_n and_o particular_n i_o be_v resolve_v to_o make_v they_o over_o once_o again_o which_o i_o do_v august_n the_o second_o 1661._o with_o the_o very_a same_o tube_n which_o i_o use_v the_o year_n before_o when_o i_o first_o make_v the_o experiment_n for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a good_a one_o i_o have_v careful_o preserve_v it_o and_o after_o have_v try_v it_o over_o and_o over_o again_o and_o be_v not_o well_o satisfy_v of_o some_o particular_n i_o at_o last_o have_v put_v all_o thing_n in_o very_o good_a order_n and_o be_v as_o attentive_a and_o observant_a as_o possible_o i_o can_v of_o every_o circumstance_n requisite_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o do_v register_v my_o several_a observation_n in_o this_o follow_a table_n in_o the_o make_n of_o which_o i_o do_v not_o exact_o follow_v the_o method_n that_o i_o have_v use_v at_o first_o but_o have_v late_o hear_v of_o mr._n townly_n hypothesis_n i_o shape_v my_o course_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o will_v be_v most_o convenient_a for_o the_o examination_n of_o that_o hypothesis_n the_o event_n of_o which_o you_o have_v in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o last_o table_n the_o other_o experiment_n be_v to_o find_v what_o degree_n of_o force_n be_v requisite_a to_o compress_v or_o condense_a the_o air_n into_o such_o or_o such_o a_o bulk_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v therein_o be_v this_o i_o take_v a_o tube_n about_o five_o foot_n long_o one_o of_o who_o end_n be_v seal_v up_o and_o bend_a in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o syphon_n much_o like_o that_o represent_v in_o the_o four_o figure_n of_o the_o 37._o scheme_n one_o side_n whereof_o ad_fw-la that_o be_v open_a at_o a_o be_v about_o fifty_o inch_n long_o the_o other_o side_n bc_n shut_v at_o b_o be_v not_o much_o above_o seven_o inch_n long_o then_o place_v it_o exact_o perpendicular_a i_o pour_v in_o a_o little_a quicksilver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o air_n bc_n be_v 6â…ž_n inch_n or_o very_o near_o to_o seven_o then_o pour_v in_o quicksilver_n at_o the_o long_a tube_n i_o continue_v fill_v of_o it_o till_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a part_n of_o it_o be_v contract_v into_o half_a the_o former_a dimension_n and_o find_v the_o height_n exact_o nine_o and_o twenty_o inch_n and_o by_o make_v several_a other_o trial_n in_o several_a other_o degree_n of_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n i_o find_v they_o exact_o answer_v the_o former_a hypothesis_n but_o have_v by_o reason_n it_o be_v a_o good_a while_n since_o i_o first_o make_v forget_v many_o particular_n and_o be_v much_o unsatisfied_a in_o other_o i_o make_v the_o experiment_n over_o again_o and_o from_o the_o several_a trial_n collect_v the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o follow_a table_n where_o in_o the_o row_n next_o the_o left_a hand_n 24._o signify_v the_o dimension_n of_o the_o air_n sustain_v only_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n of_o nine_o and_o twenty_o inch_n the_o next_o figure_n above_o it_o 20_o be_v the_o dimension_n of_o the_o air_n endure_v the_o first_o compression_n make_v by_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n 5_o 3_o 16_o high_a to_o which_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n nine_o and_o twenty_o inch_n be_v add_v the_o elastic_a strength_n of_o the_o air_n so_o compress_v will_v be_v find_v 34_o 1_o 16_o etc._n etc._n a_o table_n of_o the_o elastic_a power_n of_o the_o air_n both_o experimental_o and_o hypothetical_o calculate_v according_a to_o its_o various_a dimension_n the_o dimension_n of_o the_o include_v air._n the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n counterpoise_v by_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n add_v or_o take_v from_o the_o former_a the_o sum_n or_o difference_n of_o these_o two_o cylinder_n what_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n 12_o 29+_n 29_o =_o 58_o 58_o 13_o 29+_n 24_o 11_o 6_o =_o 53_o 11_o 16_o 53_o 7_o 13_o 14_o 29+_n 20_o 3_o 16_o =_o 49_o 3_o 16_o 49_o 5_o 7_o 16_o 29+_n 14_o =_o 43_o 43_o 1_o â—_o 18_o 29+_n 9_o â…›_n =_o 38_o â…›_n 38_o â…”_n 20_o 29+_n 5_o 3_o 16_o =_o 34_o 3_o 16_o 34_o â…˜_n 24_o 29_o 0_o =_o 29_o 29_o 48_o 29_o 14_o â…_n =_o 14_o 3_o â—_o 14_o ½_o 96_o 29_o 22_o â…›_n =_o 6_o â…ž_n 7_o 2_o 8_o 192_o 20_o 25_o â…_n =_o 3_o â—_o â—_o 3_o 5_o â—_o 384_o 29_o 27_o 2_o 8_o =_o 1_o 6_o 8_o 1_o 7_o 16_o 576_o 29_o 27_o â…ž_n =_o 1_o 1_o 8_o 1_o 5_o 24_o 768_o 29_o 28_o â…›_n =_o 0_o â…ž_n 0_o â—_o 74_o 8_o 960_o 29_o 28_o 1_o â—_o =_o 0_o â…_n 0_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 1152_o 29_o 28_o 7_o 16_o =_o 0_o â—_o 16_o 0_o 10_o 16_o from_o which_o experiment_n i_o think_v we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o air_n be_v reciprocal_a to_o its_o extension_n or_o at_o least_o very_o near_o so_o that_o to_o apply_v it_o to_o our_o present_a
grind_v away_o the_o blunt_a end_n and_o though_o i_o take_v he_o seem_o good_a one_o and_o have_v ground_n away_o near_o two_o three_o of_o the_o ball_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o fly_v to_o piece_n but_o now_o and_o then_o some_o small_a ring_n of_o it_o will_v snap_v and_o fly_v off_o not_o without_o a_o brisk_a noise_n and_o quick_a motion_n leave_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o drop_n whence_o it_o fly_v very_o pretty_o branch_v or_o crease_v which_o be_v easy_o discoverable_a by_o the_o microscope_n this_o drop_n after_o i_o have_v thus_o ground_n it_o without_o at_o all_o impair_n the_o remnant_n that_o be_v not_o ground_n away_o i_o cause_v to_o fly_v immediate_o all_o into_o sand_n upon_o the_o nip_a off_o the_o very_a tip_n of_o its_o slender_a end_n another_o of_o these_o drop_n i_o begin_v to_o grind_v away_o at_o the_o small_a end_n but_o have_v not_o wear_v away_o on_o the_o stone_n above_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n before_o the_o whole_a drop_n fly_v with_o a_o brisk_a crack_n into_o sand_n or_o small_a dust_n nor_o will_v it_o have_v hold_v so_o long_o have_v there_o not_o be_v a_o little_a flaw_n in_o the_o piece_n that_o i_o ground_n away_o as_o i_o afterward_o find_v several_a other_o of_o these_o drop_n i_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o thin_a but_o very_o tough_a skin_n of_o icthyocolla_n which_o be_v very_o tough_a and_o very_a transparent_a be_v the_o most_o convenient_a substance_n for_o these_o trial_n that_o i_o can_v imagine_v have_v dip_v i_o say_v several_a of_o these_o drop_n in_o this_o transparent_a glue_n whilst_o hot_a and_o suffer_v they_o to_o hang_v by_o a_o string_n tie_v about_o the_o end_n of_o they_o till_o they_o be_v cold_a and_o the_o skin_n pretty_a tough_a then_o wrap_v all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o drop_n leave_v out_o only_o the_o very_a tip_n in_o fine_a supple_a kids-leather_n very_o close_o i_o nip_v off_o the_o small_a top_n and_o find_v as_o i_o expect_v that_o notwithstanding_o this_o skin_n of_o glue_n and_o the_o close_o wrap_v up_o in_o leather_n upon_o the_o break_n of_o the_o top_n the_o drop_n give_v a_o crack_n like_o the_o rest_n and_o give_v my_o hand_n a_o pretty_a brisk_a impulse_n but_o yet_o the_o skin_n and_o leather_n be_v so_o strong_a as_o to_o keep_v the_o part_n from_o fly_v out_o of_o their_o former_a posture_n and_o the_o skin_n be_v transparent_a i_o find_v that_o the_o drop_n retain_v exact_o its_o former_a figure_n and_o polish_v but_o be_v grow_v perfect_o opacous_a and_o all_o over_o flaw_v all_o those_o flaw_n lie_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o ring_n from_o the_o bottom_n or_o blunt_a end_n to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o small_a point_n and_o by_o several_a examination_n with_o a_o microscope_n of_o several_a thus_o break_v i_o find_v the_o flaw_n both_o within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o drop_n and_o on_o the_o outward_a surface_n to_o lie_v much_o in_o this_o order_n let_v ab_fw-la in_o the_o figure_n x_o of_o the_o four_o scheme_n represent_v the_o drop_n case_v over_o with_o icthyocolla_n or_o isinglass_n and_o by_o be_v order_v as_o be_v before_o prescribe_v craze_a or_o flaw_v into_o piece_n but_o by_o the_o skin_n or_o case_n keep_v in_o its_o former_a figure_n and_o each_o of_o its_o flaw_a part_n preserve_v exact_o in_o its_o due_a posture_n the_o outward_a appearance_n of_o it_o somewhat_o plain_o to_o the_o naked_a eye_n but_o much_o more_o conspicuous_a if_o view_v with_o a_o small_a senss_n appear_v much_o after_o this_o shape_n that_o be_v the_o blunt_a end_n b_o for_o a_o pretty_a breadth_n namely_o as_o far_o as_o the_o ring_n ccc_o seem_v irregular_o flaw_v with_o divers_a cleft_n which_o all_o seem_v to_o tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o be_v as_o i_o afterward_o find_v and_o shall_v anon_o show_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o figure_n y_fw-fr the_o basis_n as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o cone_n which_o be_v terminate_v a_o little_a above_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o drop_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o surface_n from_o ccc_o to_o a_o be_v flaw_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a and_o parallel_a ring_n which_o as_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o round_o so_o be_v they_o very_o thick_a and_o close_o together_o but_o be_v not_o so_o exact_o flaw_v as_o to_o make_v a_o perfect_a ring_n but_o each_o circular_a part_n be_v by_o irregular_a crack_n flaw_v likewise_o into_o multitude_n of_o irregular_a flake_n or_o tile_n and_o this_o order_n be_v observe_v likewise_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o neck_n now_o though_o i_o can_v not_o so_o exact_o cut_v this_o conical_a body_n through_o the_o axis_n as_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o figure_n y_fw-fr yet_o by_o anatomise_v as_o it_o be_v of_o several_a and_o take_v notice_n of_o divers_a particular_a circumstance_n i_o be_v inform_v that_o can_v i_o have_v artificial_o divide_v a_o flaw_a drop_n through_o the_o axis_n or_o centre_n i_o shall_v with_o a_o microscope_n have_v find_v it_o to_o appear_v much_o of_o this_o form_n where_o a_o signify_v the_o apex_n and_o b_o the_o blunt_a end_n cc_o the_o cone_n of_o the_o basis_n which_o be_v terminate_v at_o t_o the_o top_n or_o end_n of_o it_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o blunt_a end_n in_o which_o not_o only_o the_o conical_a body_n of_o the_o basis_n cc_o be_v terminate_v but_o as_o many_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o drop_n as_o reach_v as_o high_a as_o dd._n and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o head_n or_o beginning_n of_o a_o pith_n as_o it_o be_v or_o a_o a_o part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o seem_v more_o spongy_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o much_o more_o irregular_o flaw_v which_o from_o t_n ascend_v by_o i_fw-mi though_o less_o visible_a into_o the_o small_a neck_n towards_o a._n the_o grain_n as_o it_o be_v of_o all_o the_o flaw_n that_o from_o all_o the_o outward_a surface_n adccda_n be_v much_o the_o same_o as_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o black_a stroke_n that_o meet_v in_o the_o middle_a dt_n dt_fw-ge de_fw-fr de_fw-fr etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v this_o kind_n of_o grain_n as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o peculiar_a to_o glass_n drop_v thus_o quench_v for_o not_o to_o mention_v coperas-stone_n and_o divers_a other_o marchasite_n and_o mineral_n which_o i_o have_v often_o take_v notice_n of_o to_o be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n flake_v or_o grain_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o pith_n in_o the_o middle_a i_o have_v observe_v the_o same_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o cast_a iron_n especial_o the_o coarse_a sort_n such_o as_o stove_n and_o furnace_n and_o back_n and_o pot_n be_v make_v of_o for_o upon_o the_o break_n of_o any_o of_o those_o substance_n it_o be_v obvious_a to_o observe_v how_o from_o the_o outside_n towards_o the_o middle_n there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o radiation_n or_o grain_n much_o resemble_v this_o of_o the_o glass-drop_n but_o this_o grain_n be_v most_o conspicuous_a in_o iron-bullet_n if_o they_o be_v break_v the_o same_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o cast_v regulus_fw-la of_o antimony_n into_o a_o bullet-mold_n as_o also_o with_o glass_n of_o antimony_n or_o with_o almost_o any_o such_o kind_n of_o vitrified_a substance_n either_o cast_v into_o a_o cold_a mould_n or_o pour_v into_o water_n other_o of_o these_o drop_v i_o heat_v red_a hot_a in_o the_o fire_n and_o then_o suffer_v they_o to_o cool_v by_o degree_n and_o these_o i_o find_v to_o have_v quite_o lose_v all_o their_o fulminate_n or_o fly_v quality_n as_o also_o their_o hard_a brittle_a and_o springy_a texture_n and_o to_o emerge_n of_o a_o much_o soft_a temper_n and_o much_o easy_a to_o be_v break_v or_o snap_v with_o one_o finger_n but_o its_o strong_a and_o brittle_a quality_n be_v quite_o destroy_v and_o it_o seem_v much_o of_o the_o same_o consistence_n with_o other_o green_a glass_n well_o neal_v in_o the_o oven_n the_o figure_n and_o bigness_n of_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o figure_n z_o that_o be_v all_o the_o surface_n of_o they_o be_v very_o smooth_a and_o polish_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n round_o but_o very_o rugged_a or_o knobbed_a about_o d_o and_o all_o the_o length_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v here_o and_o there_o pit_v or_o flat_v about_o d_o which_o be_v at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n under_o that_o side_n of_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v concave_a there_o usual_o be_v make_v some_o one_o or_o more_o little_a hillock_n or_o prominence_n the_o drop_n itself_o before_o it_o be_v break_v appear_v very_o transparent_a and_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o to_o be_v very_o full_a of_o small_a bubble_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o aerial_a substance_n which_o by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o outward_a surface_n appear_v
much_o big_a than_o real_o they_o be_v and_o this_o may_v be_v in_o good_a part_n remove_v by_o put_v the_o drop_n under_o the_o surface_n of_o clear_a water_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v most_o part_n of_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o convex_a surface_n of_o the_o drop_n be_v destroy_v and_o the_o bubble_n will_v appear_v much_o small_a and_o this_o by_o the_o by_o mind_v i_o of_o the_o appear_a magnitude_n of_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o iris_fw-la or_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o though_o it_o appear_v and_o be_v therefore_o judge_v very_o large_a be_v yet_o not_o above_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o bigness_n it_o appear_v of_o by_o the_o lenticular_a refraction_n of_o the_o cornea_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o which_o phaenomena_n i_o imagine_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o this_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v by_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o fire_n keep_v off_o and_o separate_v one_o from_o another_o and_o thereby_o put_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o sluggish_a fluid_a consistence_n be_v suffer_v to_o drop_v off_o with_o that_o heat_n or_o agitation_n remain_v in_o they_o into_o cold_a water_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o outside_n of_o the_o drop_n be_v present_o cool_v and_o crust_v and_o be_v thereby_o make_v of_o a_o loose_a texture_n because_o the_o part_n of_o it_o have_v not_o time_n to_o settle_v themselves_o leisurely_o together_o and_o so_o to_o lie_v very_o close_o together_o and_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n retain_v still_o much_o of_o their_o former_a heat_n and_o agitation_n remain_v of_o a_o loose_a texture_n also_o and_o according_a as_o the_o cold_a strike_v inward_o from_o the_o bottom_n and_o side_n be_v quench_v as_o it_o be_v and_o make_v rigid_a in_o that_o very_a posture_n wherein_o the_o cold_a find_v they_o for_o the_o part_n of_o the_o crust_n be_v already_o harden_v will_v not_o suffer_v the_o part_n to_o shrink_v any_o more_o from_o the_o outward_a surface_n inward_a and_o though_o it_o shrink_v a_o little_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a parcel_n of_o some_o aerial_a substance_n disperse_v through_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o glass_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o near_o so_o much_o as_o it_o appear_v as_o i_o just_a now_o hint_v nor_o if_o it_o be_v will_v it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o to_o consolidate_v and_o condense_a the_o body_n of_o glass_n into_o a_o tough_a and_o close_a texture_n after_o it_o have_v be_v so_o excessive_o rarify_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o glass-furnace_n but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v such_o a_o expansion_n of_o the_o aerial_a substance_n contain_v in_o those_o little_a blebb_n or_o bubble_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o drop_n this_o follow_a experiment_n will_v make_v more_o evident_a take_v a_o small_a glass-cane_n about_o a_o foot_n long_o seal_v up_o one_o end_n of_o it_o hermetical_o then_o put_v in_o a_o very_a small_a bubble_n of_o glass_n almost_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o essence-viol_n with_o the_o open_a mouth_n towards_o the_o seal_a end_n then_o draw_v out_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n very_o small_a and_o fill_v the_o whole_a cylinder_n with_o water_n than_o set_v this_o tube_n by_o the_o fire_n till_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o boil_v and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v in_o good_a part_n rarify_v and_o drive_v out_o then_o by_o suck_v at_o the_o small_a pipe_n more_o of_o the_o air_n or_o vapour_n in_o the_o bubble_n may_v be_v suck_v out_o so_o that_o it_o may_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n when_o it_o be_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n or_o lamp_n nip_v up_o the_o slender_a pipe_n and_o let_v it_o cool_v whereupon_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o observe_v first_o that_o the_o water_n by_o degree_n will_v subside_o and_o shrink_v into_o much_o less_o room_n next_o that_o the_o air_n or_o vapour_n in_o the_o glass_n will_v expand_v themselves_o so_o as_o to_o buoy_v up_o the_o little_a glass_n three_o that_o all_o about_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o glass-pipe_n there_o will_v appear_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a bubble_n which_o as_o the_o water_n grow_v cold_a and_o cold_a will_v swell_v big_a and_o big_a and_o many_o of_o they_o buoy_v themselves_o up_o and_o break_v at_o the_o top_n from_o this_o discede_a of_o the_o heat_n in_o glass_n drop_n that_o be_v by_o the_o quench_n or_o cool_a irradiation_n propagate_v from_o the_o surface_n upward_o and_o inward_o by_o the_o line_n et_fw-la et_fw-la dt_n de_fw-fr etc._n etc._n the_o bubble_n in_o the_o drop_n have_v room_n to_o expand_v themselves_o a_o little_a and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n contract_v themselves_o but_o this_o operation_n be_v too_o quick_a for_o the_o sluggish_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o contraction_n be_v perform_v very_o unequal_o and_o irregular_o and_o thereby_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v bend_v some_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o yet_o so_o as_o that_o most_o of_o they_o draw_v towards_o the_o pith_n or_o middle_n teee_o or_o rather_o from_o that_o outward_a so_o that_o they_o can_v extricate_v or_o unbend_v themselves_o till_o some_o part_n of_o teee_o be_v break_v and_o loosen_a for_o all_o the_o part_n about_o that_o be_v place_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o arch_n and_o so_o till_o their_o hold_n at_o teee_o be_v loosen_v they_o can_v fly_v asunder_o but_o uphold_v and_o shelter_n and_o fix_v each_o other_o much_o like_o the_o stone_n in_o a_o vault_n where_o each_o stone_n do_v concur_v to_o the_o stability_n of_o the_o whole_a fabric_n and_o no_o one_o stone_n can_v be_v take_v away_o but_o the_o whole_a arch_n fall_v and_o wheresoever_o any_o of_o those_o radiate_a wedge_n dtd_v etc._n etc._n be_v remove_v which_o be_v the_o component_a part_n of_o this_o arch_n the_o whole_a fabric_n present_o fall_v to_o piece_n for_o all_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o several_a part_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n which_o immediate_o extricate_v themselves_o and_o fly_v asunder_o every_o way_n each_o part_n by_o its_o spring_n contribute_v to_o the_o dart_v of_o itself_o and_o some_o other_o contiguous_a part_n but_o if_o this_o drop_n be_v heat_n so_o hot_a as_o that_o the_o part_n by_o degree_n can_v unbend_v themselves_o and_o be_v settle_v and_o anneal_v in_o that_o posture_n and_o be_v then_o suffer_v gentle_o to_o subside_n and_o cool_v the_o part_n by_o this_o neal_n lose_v their_o springiness_n constitute_v a_o drop_n of_o a_o more_o soft_a but_o less_o brittle_a texture_n and_o the_o part_n be_v not_o at_o all_o under_o a_o flexure_n though_o any_o part_n of_o the_o middle_n or_o pith_n teee_o be_v break_v yet_o will_v not_o the_o drop_n at_o all_o fly_n to_o piece_n as_o before_o this_o conjecture_n of_o i_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o explain_v each_o particular_a assertion_n with_o analogous_a experiment_n the_o assertion_n be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n whilst_o in_o a_o fluid_a consistence_n and_o hot_a be_v more_o rarify_v or_o take_v up_o more_o room_n then_o when_o hard_a and_o cold_a second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o drop_n do_v suffer_v a_o twofold_a contraction_n three_o that_o the_o drop_a or_o quench_v the_o glow_a metal_n in_o the_o water_n make_v it_o of_o a_o hard_a spring_a and_o rarefy_v texture_n four_o that_o there_o be_v a_o flexion_n or_o force_n remain_v upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n thus_o quench_v from_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o extricate_v themselves_o five_o that_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o drop_n that_o be_v able_a to_o hinder_v the_o part_n from_o extricate_a themselves_o be_v analogus_fw-la to_o that_o of_o a_o archippus_n six_o that_o the_o sudden_a fly_v asunder_o of_o the_o part_n proceed_v from_o their_o springiness_n seven_o that_o a_o gradual_a heat_n and_o cool_a do_v anneal_a or_o reduce_v the_o part_n of_o glass_n to_o a_o texture_n that_o be_v more_o loose_a and_o easy_o to_o be_v break_v but_o not_o so_o brittle_a that_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v true_a may_v be_v gather_v from_o this_o that_o heat_n be_v a_o property_n of_o a_o body_n arise_v from_o the_o motion_n or_o agitation_n of_o its_o part_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o body_n be_v thereby_o touch_v must_v necessary_o receive_v some_o part_n of_o that_o motion_n whereby_o its_o part_n will_v be_v shake_v and_o agitate_a and_o so_o by_o degree_n free_a and_o extricate_v themselves_o from_o one_o another_o and_o each_o part_n so_o move_v do_v by_o that_o motion_n exert_v a_o conatus_fw-la of_o protrude_a and_o displace_v all_o the_o adjacent_a particle_n thus_o air_n include_v in_o a_o vessel_n by_o be_v heat_v will_v burst_v it_o to_o piece_n thus_o have_v i_o break_v a_o bladder_n hold_v over_o the_o fire_n in_o my_o hand_n with_o such_o a_o violence_n and_o noise_n
of_o arrow_n the_o seed_n of_o amaranthus_n be_v of_o a_o exceed_a lovely_a shape_n somewhat_o like_o a_o eye_n the_o skin_n of_o the_o black_a and_o shriul_v seed_n of_o onion_n and_o leek_n be_v all_o over_o knobbed_a like_o a_o seal_n skin_n sorrel_n have_v a_o pretty_a black_a shine_a threesquare_a seed_n which_o be_v pick_v at_o both_o end_n with_o three_o ridge_n that_o be_v bend_v the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o it_o be_v almost_o endless_a to_o reckon_v up_o the_o several_a shape_n they_o be_v so_o many_o and_o so_o various_a leave_v they_o therefore_o to_o the_o curious_a observer_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o observation_n on_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n obseru._n xxxii_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o hair_n and_o of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o skin_n view_v some_o of_o the_o hair_n of_o my_o head_n with_o a_o very_a good_a microscope_n i_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o particular_n 1._o that_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cylindrical_n some_o of_o they_o be_v somewhat_o prismatical_a but_o general_o they_o be_v very_o near_o round_o such_o as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n of_o the_o 5._o schem_n by_o the_o cylinder_v eee_o nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o that_o have_v sharp_a angules_fw-la 2._o that_o that_o part_n which_o be_v next_o the_o top_n be_v big_a than_o that_o which_o be_v near_o the_o root_n 3._o that_o they_o be_v all_o along_o from_o end_n to_o end_v transparent_a though_o not_o very_o clear_a the_o end_n next_o the_o root_n appear_v like_o a_o black_a transparent_a piece_n of_o horn_n the_o end_n next_o the_o top_n more_o brown_a somewhat_o like_o transparent_a horn._n 4._o that_o the_o root_n of_o the_o hair_n be_v pretty_a smooth_a taper_a inward_o almost_o like_o a_o parsneb_n nor_o can_v i_o find_v that_o it_o have_v any_o filament_n or_o any_o other_o vessel_n such_o as_o the_o fibre_n of_o plant_n 5._o that_o the_o top_n when_o split_v which_o be_v common_a in_o long_a hair_n appear_v like_o the_o end_n of_o a_o stick_n beat_v till_o it_o be_v all_o flitter_v there_o be_v not_o only_o two_o splinter_n but_o sometime_o half_a a_o score_n and_o more_o 6._o that_o they_o be_v all_o as_o far_o as_o i_o be_v able_a to_o find_v solid_a cylindrical_a body_n not_o pervious_a like_o a_o cane_n or_o bulrush_n nor_o can_v i_o find_v that_o they_o have_v any_o pith_n or_o distinction_n of_o rind_n or_o the_o like_a such_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o horsehair_n the_o bristle_n of_o a_o cat_n the_o indian_a deer_n hair_n etc._n etc._n observation_n on_o several_a other_o sort_n of_o hair_n for_o the_o brisle_n of_o a_o hogg_n i_o find_v they_o to_o be_v first_o a_o hard_a transparent_a horny_a substance_n without_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o pore_n or_o hole_n in_o it_o and_o this_o i_o try_v with_o the_o great_a care_n i_o be_v able_a cut_v many_o of_o they_o with_o a_o very_a sharp_a razor_n so_o that_o they_o appear_v even_o in_o the_o glass_n to_o have_v a_o pretty_a smooth_a surface_n but_o somewhat_o wave_v by_o the_o saw_n to_o and_o fro_o of_o the_o razor_n as_o be_v visible_a in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o prismatical_a body_n a_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o then_o make_v trial_n with_o cause_v the_o light_n to_o be_v cast_v on_o they_o all_o the_o various_a way_n i_o can_v think_v of_o that_o be_v likely_a to_o make_v the_o pore_n appear_v if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o i_o be_v not_o able_a to_o discover_v any_o next_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o brisle_n be_v very_o various_a neither_o perfect_o round_a nor_o sharp_a edge_a but_o prismatical_a with_o divers_a side_n and_o round_a angle_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o figure_n a._n the_o bend_n of_o they_o in_o any_o part_n where_o they_o before_o appear_v clear_a will_v all_o flaw_n they_o and_o make_v they_o look_v white_a the_o mustacheos_n of_o a_o cat_n part_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o short_a cylinder_n b_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n seem_v to_o have_v all_o of_o they_o that_o i_o observe_v a_o large_a pith_n in_o the_o middle_n like_o the_o pith_n of_o a_o elder_a who_o texture_n be_v so_o close_o that_o i_o be_v not_o able_a to_o discover_v the_o least_o sign_n of_o pore_n and_o those_o part_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v pore_n as_o they_o appear_v in_o one_o position_n to_o the_o light_n in_o another_o i_o can_v find_v a_o manifest_a reflection_n to_o be_v cast_v from_o they_o this_o i_o instance_n in_o to_o hint_n that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o conclude_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v positive_o this_o or_o that_o though_o it_o appear_v never_o so_o plain_a and_o likely_a when_o look_v on_o with_o a_o microscope_n in_o one_o posture_n before_o the_o same_o be_v examine_v by_o place_v it_o in_o several_a other_o position_n and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o many_o have_v believe_v and_o assert_v the_o hair_n of_o a_o man_n head_n to_o be_v hollow_a and_o like_v so_o many_o small_a pipe_n perforate_v from_o end_n to_o end_v now_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o a_o analogy_n one_o may_v suppose_v they_o so_o and_o from_o the_o polonian_a disease_n one_o may_v believe_v they_o such_o yet_o i_o think_v we_o have_v not_o the_o least_o encouragement_n to_o either_o from_o the_o microscope_n much_o less_o positive_o to_o assert_v they_o such_o and_o perhaps_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o plicae_fw-la polonica_fw-la may_v be_v the_o hair_n grow_v hollow_a and_o of_o a_o unnatural_a constitution_n and_o as_o for_o the_o analogy_n though_o i_o be_o apt_a enough_o to_o think_v that_o the_o hair_n of_o several_a animal_n may_v be_v perforate_v somewhat_o like_o a_o cane_n or_o at_o least_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o pith_n in_o they_o first_o because_o they_o seem_v as_o it_o be_v a_o kind_a of_o vegetable_a grow_v on_o a_o animal_n which_o grow_v they_o say_v remain_v a_o long_a while_n after_o the_o animal_n be_v dead_a and_o therefore_o shall_v like_v other_o vegetable_n have_v a_o pith_n and_o second_o because_o horn_n and_o feather_n and_o porcupine_n quill_n and_o cat_n brisle_n and_o the_o long_a hair_n of_o horse_n which_o come_v very_o near_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o man_n hair_n seem_v all_o of_o they_o to_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o pith_n and_o some_o of_o they_o to_o be_v porous_a yet_o i_o think_v it_o not_o in_o these_o case_n where_o we_o have_v such_o help_n for_o the_o sense_n as_o the_o microscope_n afford_v safe_o conclude_v or_o build_v on_o more_o than_o we_o sensible_o know_v since_o we_o may_v with_o examine_v find_v that_o nature_n do_v in_o the_o make_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o substance_n often_o vary_v her_o method_n in_o frame_v of_o it_o instance_n enough_o to_o confirm_v this_o we_o may_v find_v in_o the_o horn_n of_o several_a creature_n as_o what_o a_o vast_a difference_n be_v there_o between_o the_o horn_n of_o a_o ox_n and_o those_o of_o some_o sort_n of_o staggs_n as_o to_o their_o shape_n and_o even_o in_o the_o hair_n of_o several_a creature_n we_o find_v a_o vast_a difference_n as_o the_o hair_n of_o a_o man_n head_n seem_v as_o i_o say_v before_o long_o cylindrical_a and_o sometime_o a_o little_a prismatical_a solid_a or_o impervious_a and_o very_o small_a the_o hair_n of_o a_o indian_a deer_n a_o part_n of_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o three_o figure_n of_o the_o five_o scheme_n mark_v with_o f_o be_v big_a in_o compass_n through_o all_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o then_z the_o brisle_z of_o a_o hogg_n but_o the_o end_n of_o it_o be_v small_a than_o the_o hair_n of_o any_o kind_n of_o animal_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n g_z the_o whole_a belly_n of_o it_o which_o be_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n long_o look_v to_o the_o eye_n like_o a_o thread_n of_o course_n canvas_n that_o have_v be_v new_o unwreathed_a it_o be_v all_o wave_v or_o bend_v to_o and_o fro_o much_o after_o that_o manner_n but_o through_o the_o microscope_n it_o appear_v all_o perforate_v from_o side_n to_o side_n and_o spongy_a like_o a_o small_a kind_n of_o spungy_a coral_n which_o be_v often_o find_v upon_o the_o english_a shore_n but_o though_o i_o cut_v it_o transvers_o i_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o have_v any_o pore_n that_o run_v the_o long-way_n of_o the_o hair_n the_o long_a hair_n of_o horse_n cc_o and_o d_o seem_v cylindrical_n and_o somewhat_o pithy_a the_o brisle_n of_o a_o cat_n b_o be_v conical_a and_o pithy_a the_o quill_n of_o porcupine_n and_o hedghogg_n be_v cut_v transvers_o have_v a_o whitish_a pith_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o star_n or_o spur-rowel_n piggs-hair_n a_o be_v somewhat_o triagonal_a and_o seem_v to_o have_v neither_o pith_n nor_o
or_o any_o other_o creature_n seek_v and_o place_v their_o seed_n in_o convenient_a repository_n we_o may_v if_o we_o attentive_o consider_v and_o examine_v it_o find_v that_o there_o be_v circumstance_n sufficient_a upon_o the_o supposal_n of_o the_o excellent_a contrivance_n of_o their_o machine_n to_o excite_v and_o force_v they_o to_o act_v after_o such_o or_o such_o a_o manner_n those_o steam_n that_o rise_v from_o these_o several_a place_n may_v perhaps_o set_v several_a part_n of_o these_o little_a animal_n at_o work_n even_o as_o in_o the_o contrivance_n of_o kill_v a_o fox_n or_o wolf_n with_o a_o gun_n the_o move_a of_o a_o string_n be_v the_o death_n of_o the_o animal_n for_o the_o beast_n by_o move_v the_o flesh_n that_o be_v lay_v to_o entrap_v he_o pull_v the_o string_n which_o move_v the_o trig_a and_o that_o le_fw-fr we_o go_v the_o cock_n which_o on_o the_o steel_n strike_v certain_a spark_n of_o fire_n which_o kindle_v the_o powder_n in_o the_o pann_n and_o that_o present_o fly_v into_o the_o barrel_n where_o the_o powder_n catch_v fire_n ratify_v and_o drive_v out_o the_o bullet_n which_o kill_v the_o animal_n in_o all_o which_o action_n there_o be_v nothing_o of_o intention_n or_o ratiocination_n to_o be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o the_o animal_n or_o engine_n but_o all_o to_o the_o ingeniousness_n of_o the_o contriver_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o more_o immediate_a consideration_n of_o our_o gnat_n we_o have_v in_o it_o a_o instance_n not_o usual_a or_o common_a of_o a_o very_a strange_a amphibious_a creature_n that_o be_v a_o creature_n that_o inhabit_v the_o air_n do_v yet_o produce_v a_o creature_n that_o for_o some_o time_n live_v in_o the_o water_n as_o a_o fish_n though_o afterward_o which_o be_v as_o strange_a it_o become_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o air_n like_o its_o sire_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fly_n and_o this_o i_o think_v do_v prompt_v i_o to_o propose_v certain_a conjecture_n as_o query_n have_v not_o yet_o have_v sufficient_a opportunity_n and_o leisure_n to_o answer_v they_o myself_o from_o my_o own_o experiment_n or_o observation_n and_o the_o first_o be_v whether_o all_o those_o thing_n that_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v breed_v from_o corruption_n and_o putrefaction_n may_v not_o be_v rational_o suppose_v to_o have_v their_o origination_n as_o natural_a as_o these_o gnat_n who_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a be_v first_o drop_v into_o this_o water_n in_o the_o form_n of_o eggs._n those_o seed_n or_o egg_n must_v certain_o be_v very_o small_a which_o so_o small_a a_o creature_n as_o a_o gnat_n yield_v and_o therefore_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_v that_o we_o find_v not_o the_o egg_n themselves_o some_o of_o the_o young_a of_o they_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v have_v not_o exceed_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o bulk_n they_o have_v afterward_o come_v to_o and_o next_o i_o have_v observe_v some_o of_o those_o little_a one_o which_o must_v have_v be_v generate_v after_o the_o water_n be_v enclose_v in_o the_o bottle_n and_o therefore_o most_o probable_o from_o egg_n whereas_o those_o creature_n have_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v breed_v of_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o water_n there_o be_v not_o former_o know_v any_o probable_a way_n how_o they_o shall_v be_v generate_v a_o second_o be_v whether_o these_o egg_n be_v immediate_o drop_v into_o the_o water_n by_o the_o gnat_n themselves_o or_o mediate_o be_v bring_v down_o by_o the_o fall_a rain_n for_o it_o seem_v not_o very_o improbable_a but_o that_o those_o small_a seed_n of_o gnat_n may_v be_v perhaps_o of_o so_o light_a a_o nature_n and_o have_v so_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o surface_n to_o so_o small_a a_o bulk_n of_o body_n be_v eject_v into_o the_o air_n and_o so_o perhaps_o carry_v for_o a_o good_a while_n too_o and_o fro_o in_o it_o till_o by_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n it_o be_v wash_v out_o of_o it_o a_o three_o be_v whether_o multitude_n of_o those_o other_o little_a creature_n that_o be_v find_v to_o inhabit_v the_o water_n for_o some_o time_n do_v not_o at_o certain_a time_n take_v wing_n and_o fly_v into_o the_o air_n other_o dive_v and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o contribute_v to_o the_o increase_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o element_n postscript_n a_o good_a while_n since_o the_o write_n of_o this_o description_n i_o be_v present_v by_o doctor_n peter_n ball_n a_o ingenious_a member_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n with_o a_o little_a paper_n of_o nut_n which_o he_o tell_v i_o be_v send_v he_o from_o a_o brother_n of_o his_o out_o of_o the_o country_n from_o mamhead_n in_o devonshire_n some_o of_o they_o be_v loose_a have_v be_v as_o i_o suppose_v break_v off_o other_o be_v still_o grow_v fast_o on_o upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o stick_n which_o seem_v by_o the_o bark_n pliableness_n of_o it_o and_o by_o certain_a string_n that_o grow_v out_o of_o it_o to_o be_v some_o piece_n of_o the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o dry_v and_o a_o little_a shriveled_a other_o more_o round_a of_o a_o brown_a colour_n their_o shape_n be_v much_o like_o a_o fig_n but_o very_o much_o small_a some_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o bay-berry_n other_o and_o the_o big_a of_o a_o hazelnut_n some_o of_o these_o that_o have_v no_o hole_n in_o they_o i_o careful_o open_v with_o my_o knife_n and_o find_v in_o they_o a_o good_a large_a round_a white_a maggot_n almost_o as_o big_a as_o a_o small_a pea_n which_o seem_v shape_v like_o other_o maggot_n but_o short_a i_o can_v not_o find_v they_o to_o move_v though_o i_o guess_v they_o to_o be_v alive_a because_o upon_o prick_v they_o with_o a_o pinn_n there_o will_v issue_v out_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o white_a mucous_a matter_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v from_o a_o voluntary_a contraction_n of_o their_o skin_n their_o husk_n or_o matrix_fw-la consist_v of_o three_o coat_n like_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n the_o outermost_a being_n more_o rough_a and_o spongy_a and_o the_o thick_a the_o middlemost_a more_o close_o hard_a white_a and_o thin_a the_o innermost_a very_o thin_a seem_v almost_o like_o the_o skin_n within_o a_o egg_n be_v shell_n the_o two_o outermost_a have_v root_n in_o the_o branch_n or_o stick_v but_o the_o innermost_a have_v no_o stem_n or_o process_n but_o be_v only_o a_o skin_n that_o cover_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nut._n all_o the_o nut_n that_o have_v no_o hole_n eat_v in_o they_o i_o find_v to_o contain_v these_o maggot_n but_o all_o that_o have_v hole_n i_o find_v empty_a the_o maggot_n it_o seem_v have_v eat_v their_o way_n through_o take_v wing_n and_o fly_v away_o as_o this_o follow_a account_n which_o i_o receive_v in_o write_v from_o the_o same_o person_n as_o it_o be_v send_v he_o by_o his_o brother_n manifest_v in_o a_o moorish_a black_a peaty_n mould_n with_o some_o small_a vein_n of_o whitish_a yellow_a sand_n upon_o occasion_n of_o dig_v a_o hole_n two_o or_o three_o foot_n deep_a at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o pond_n or_o pool_n to_o set_v a_o tree_n in_o at_o that_o depth_n be_v find_v about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n 1663._o in_o those_o very_a vein_n of_o sand_n those_o button_n or_o nut_n stick_v to_o a_o little_a loose_a stick_n that_o be_v not_o belong_v to_o any_o live_a tree_n and_o some_o of_o they_o also_o free_a by_o themselves_o four_o or_o five_o of_o which_o be_v then_o open_v some_o be_v find_v to_o contvin_n live_v infect_v come_v to_o perfection_n most_o like_a to_o fly_a ant_n if_o not_o the_o same_o in_o other_o infect_v yet_o imperfect_a have_v but_o the_o head_n and_o wing_n form_v the_o rest_n remain_v a_o soft_a white_a pulpy_a substance_n now_o as_o this_o furnish_v we_o with_o one_o odd_a history_n more_o very_o agreeable_a to_o what_o i_o before_o hint_v so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o be_v man_n diligent_a observer_n they_o may_v meet_v with_o multitude_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n both_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o air_n on_o tree_n plant_n and_o other_o vegetable_n all_o place_n and_o thing_n be_v as_o it_o be_v animarum_fw-la plena_fw-la and_o i_o have_v often_o with_o wonder_n and_o pleasure_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o summertime_n look_v close_o to_o and_o diligent_o on_o common_a garden_n mould_n and_o in_o a_o very_a small_a parcel_n of_o it_o find_v such_o multitude_n and_o diversity_n of_o little_a reptile_n some_o in_o husk_n other_o only_a creeper_n many_o wing_a and_o ready_a for_o the_o air_n divers_a husk_n or_o habitation_n leave_v behind_o empty_a now_o if_o the_o earth_n of_o our_o cold_a climate_n be_v so_o fertile_a of_o animate_v body_n what_o may_v we_o think_v of_o the_o fat_a earth_n of_o hot_a climate_n certain_o the_o sun_n may_v there_o by_o its_o