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end_n	foot_n	half_a	inch_n	1,859	5	11.0254	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36730	Atlas Chinensis being a second part of A relation of remarkable passages in two embassies from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the vice-roy Singlamong and General Taising Lipovi and to Konchi, Emperor of China and East-Tartary : with a relation of the Netherlanders assisting the Tarter against Coxinga and the Chinese fleet, who till then were masters of the sea : and a more exact geographical description than formerly both of the whole empire of China in general and in particular of every of the fifteen provinces / collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus ; English'd and adorn'd with above a hundred several sculptures by John Ogilby.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Dapper, Olfert, 1639-1689.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing D242; ESTC R5629	631,298	665

of the same fashion though bigger with brown Seed Of these Cotton-Trees they make the fine Clothes call'd Sessa in Arabia The County Chucheufu is full of ancient Pine-Tree Woods of which the Chineses build their Houses and Ships It is said that by the Singian that is Earth of Pine-Trees are such exceeding large Trees that eighty Men cannot grasp one of them and some of so vast a compass that they can inclose thirty Men in their hollow Trunks In the same County in the Province of Chekiang in the River Luyeu by the City Kingning grow great Woods of Canes which the Chineses by a general Name call'd Cho for there are several sorts the Indians Mambu the Portuguese Bambu and the Hollanders Bamba's some smaller others bigger but all of them as hard as Iron and oftentimes two or three Span thick and towards the bottom about the bigness of a Man's Thigh nay there are some of such a thickness that the Indians make Boats of them by onely splitting them in the middle leaving on each side onely two of the undermost Joynts there sitting on each end a naked Indian with a Paddle in each hand with which they Row these Boats with great swiftness against the Stream Of the thickest parts of these Canes they make Vessels to put Water or Merchandise into the Wood thereof being about three Inches thick The least of them are half a Rod high and the biggest much higher wherefore they are not unjustly by some call'd Trees and particularly by Garcias compar'd to the Poplar some are green others quite black and most of them Massive the Portuguese in India call them Bambu Macho that is Man's Cane though the last sort grows not in China but in India They grow in Rocky places shooting upright though sometimes by Art made crooked the better to be us'd for the making of Palakins They consist from top to bottom of Knots or Joynts about a Hand-breadth from each other out of which shoot some straight Branches Piso tells of two sorts of Bambu or Mambu that grows in India the one small though fuller within the other bigger and less fill'd which in heighth and firmness exceeds all other Canes A more exact Description whereof together with their use both in Physick and in the making of divers Utensils may be found in the abovemention'd Author in his Mantissa Aromatica and also in Martinius In the Gallery of the high School at Leyden are kept two of the foremention'd Canes broke off at both ends which were brought Anno 1601. out of the East-Indies the smallest is about one and twenty Foot long distinguish'd by twenty nine Joynts at the bottom seventeen Inches in circumference and fourteen on the top the biggest is a Foot and a half longer and three Inches thicker how big the whole Canes were may be guess'd by these pieces In many places of China grow also Sugar-Canes especially in the County Tungchuenfu in the Province of Suchuen out of which they press great store of good Sugar But those Canes were in a manner useless amongst the Chineses till of late years that they were taught this Art of making Sugar as it is said by an Indian Priest upon this occasion This Priest's Ass on which he us'd to Ride running into a Cane-Field was detain'd by the Owner thereof for satisfaction for the damage which he had done whereupon the Priest that he might make satisfaction without the forfeiture of his Ass taught him the Art of boyling Sugar out of the Canes In the Province of Quantung and many other places in China grows a Rose which changes its colour twice a day first it is of a yellowish colour then Purple and anon quite white It hath no smell and grows on a little Tree Concerning which change of colour Kircher makes a curious Enquiry and takes upon him to give the reason thereof in his China Illustrata Ioannes Baptista Ferrarius largely describes a sort of Chinese Rose by the Inhabitants call'd Fuyo by others nam'd The Indian and Japan Melleuwe which by the same Ferrarius was brought out of the West-Indies to Rome where being Sow'd it grew up in a short time It is of a Milky colour but afterwards changes to white and red and at last turning to a Purple fades and withers In India it is in one day of three several colours and flourishes onely one day viz. in the Morning it is White at Noon Red and Purple at Night The Province of Quantung produces a Fruit by the Chineses call'd Yencu by the Portuguese Iambos and the Tree Iambeiro by the Malabars and those of the Canaries Iambali by the Indians Tufa by the Persians and Arabians Tufat by the Turks Almat and by the Hollanders Pampelmoes the Tree whereon it grows is prickly like the Lemon Tree but somewhat bigger the Flower or Blossom being also like that of the Lemon is white and smells very oderiferously and out of which they Distil sweet Water The Fruit much exceeds the greatest Lemons in bigness for it is oftentimes as big as a Mans Head The Shell is in Colour like that of the Golden Apple the Pulp red and sweet mixt with a little tartness and tasting like a Grape which is not quite ripe so that often times a Liquor is Press'd out of them to drink in the manner of Cherry-Wine Perry or Syder it remains good a whole Year Garcias tell us that this Fruit is in high esteem amongst the Indians and that it was brought first thither a few years since from Malaka where it grows in great abundance and gives a farther Description much to the same purpose with what hath been already deliver'd There are two sorts of these Trees very like one another yet their Fruits differ a little and resemble not only in fashion and shape but also in bigness our European Apple-Trees The Flowers and Fruits of Iambos moisten and cool smell very sweet and are therefore by the Indians accounted amongst the greatest Dainties they generally use them in Physick for being Preserv'd in Sugar they are exceeding good against hot Distempers because by their coolness and moistness they quench Thirst in Feavers and revive the Spirits In the County Chivencheufu and Changcheufu in the Province of Fokien grow abundance of Golden-Apples which in weight and bigness differ little from the European but surpass them in Scent and Deliciousness neither doth the Tree differ much from the European but the Fruit differs from that which grows in other parts of China and both Tastes and Smells exactly like a Muskadel-Grape so that it yields not to any kind of Fruit that Europe affords the Golden and thick Rind is easily Pill'd off in like manner the Meat is distinguish'd by a thin Skin which is easily broken The Inhabitants Preserve the Fruits after having Press'd the same between two Boards in Sugar and so keeping them a whole Year both furnish their Neighbors and send of them into foraign

Twigs laid athwart the Holes here to make them sure from getting out they place a Snare which suddenly arrests them taking them Prisoners by the Neck or Legs and then they with a shout fall upon the so taken Quarry Besides this they use Hostility and open Arms whole Villages march out together nay two or three Townships joyning their Forces taking the Field where drawn out in a single File they stretch a Ring which extends four or five English Miles in compass every one brandishing in each Hand a Javelin some carrying three or four thus all prepar'd with a rally of Hounds they rouse the Prey then contracting their wide Circumference by degrees into a narrower Circuit closing up at last Man to Man Shoulder to Shoulder this done if any one of their thrown Spears hit and fasten into the Body of the Game they never lose him for their Launces being short not above six Foot long and Pointed with Iron having three retorted Hooks stick so fast that though flying to shelter amongst the Bushes and Shrubs will not when impeded by intangling Branches drop out and also having ty'd at the But end of the Staff a long String with a Bell so that if by chance the Beast thus impark'd break the Pale yet they never lose him for they follow not only by the scent but by the sound both which seldom fail They use also Arrows especially when they hunt wild Deer The remainder of the slain Venison when they have Feasted themselves they barter for Clothing and Raiment with the Chineses seasoning with Salt the Humbles to keep for their own private Store but if by chance they kill a pregnant Doe they unlace her and Feasting upon the Slinck eat up Skin and all To this their Manly Divertisements and Exercises of Saiha pleasing Labor as pursuing their Game they have also rougher work and serious engagements which when successful brings no less delight to such a barbarous People that is a Civil War ancient Feuds or fresh Animosities still upon new occasions fermenting so that Town against Town and Village against Village all the Countrey over are in open Hostility either publick Slaughter or private Murder being their Sports which thus they carry on First one Town begins sending the other a bold Defiance this is follow'd by twenty or thirty in a Party which Row in their Boats or Champans to their Enemies Village near which they lie as if in Ambuscade till Night then growing dark they Landing march up and down and explore the Fields culling out private Huts and such like Houses where the Graver sort the Marry'd People as we said before at their ease and pleasure dwell Those that be thus supinely careless they suddenly surprise and off goes their Heads Hands and Feet sometimes more cruelly they slice out their whole Bodies each one carrying a Collup in triumph home as an evidence that he had no small share in that bloody Slaughter but as they suppose honorable Action But finding no small Game or such single Adventures then they attempt secretly the next Village where silently breaking into a House or two they spare none but salvagely kill Men Women and Children carrying their Heads Hands and Feet home as Trophies of their Victory But sometimes falling short of their Design are glad to escape to save themselves and often the whole Town so suddenly taking the alarm they with as little mercy are all cut off at other times in their flight so few appearing that the Enemies in hopes of revenge are trepann'd to their Boats where in greater and unexpected numbers they Fight so valiantly that they put them to the Rout yet these though seeming Furioso's receiving the least Wound basely Retreat and quit the Battel Their Defensive Arms are Shields so large that they cover their whole Bodies their Offensive Darts and Faulchions It often happens that two or three Villages joyn against one or more associated Towns these have no Commission-Officer or Commander but whosoever shews most Men they make their General and hath the prime Authority to rule over the others according to their numbers Neither are their Warlike Stratagems common for when they intend to Attaque some Village by a sudden surprisal for they have no Works to storm opposite to the way that they appear upon and ready to enter the Village on the contrary side they lie in Ambush which when they Charge in giving a smart alarm the People struck with a sudden fear in a confus'd manner betake themselves to their Heels and flying from fall just into the Mouth of the same Enemy who suddenly starting up are not sparing but oftentimes make a general slaughter whilst the others ransack and pillage the Houses Sometimes in the Night they break into a House or two which leaving their business being done two of the Parties stick fast in their likeliest way to return so to stop the Pursuer sharp-pointed Reeds about half a Yard long they making their Retreat by another improbable way Each Conqueror that shares for his own part a Head carries it through his Village upon a Spear insulting and singing in praise and glory of his God to whom he solely ascribes his Victory thus proudly vaporing they are joyfully receiv'd every where and entertain'd with the best Liquor the Town affords Every sixteen Houses have their own Chappel to which they carry this their bloody Spoil which afterwards he boyls till the Flesh comes from the Bone then drying it in the Sun they pour strong Liquor a Custom which they never omit upon the bare Scalp fourteen days they keep Holy Feasting and Sacrificing to their gods who gave them so great and glorious a Victory Of these Heads who e're enjoys one looks upon it as his greatest Treasure prizing them beyond Gold or Silver or the most precious Jewel and when any sudden accident of Fire or the like happen this they take most care of how to carry it with them or leave in safety This Isle as we said before hath no King nor Supreme Governor but every petty Village is a small Republick Ruling it self under twelve Magistrates chosen every second year whose chief Qualification is to be fifty years old these when going out in Honor and Commemoration that they were once prime Rulers have all their Hair pick'd off from their Temples and each side of their Heads with Tweasers which baldness is the well-known Badge of their former Authority But these Governors Power hath but small Limits for in every Exigence all the Villages meet in the Temple there having no Representatives every Man speaks to the purpose according to his abilities or as he is biass'd which done the Twelve take into their consideration and from the general result of their various opinions give their special Verdicts which the People as they like or dislike ratifie or refuse But they have absolute Power to seize the Clothes of whomsoever wears Apparel in

in their manner of Arms of all the Formosans This King look'd upon as a brave Person keeps a constant Guard and is always quarrelling and making War with his Neighbors He was formerly in Friendship with the Hollanders and proud to serve under them as Serjeant of a Company The fifth is Sapat lying quite on the other side of Formosa and commands over ten Towns the Governor whereof is in League with Pimaba The sixth Dominion is call'd Takabolder and hath eight Towns besides several Villages under its Jurisdiction In Takabolder appears an exceeding high Mountain which may be seen from Tayowan The seventh Lordship is that of Cardeman govern'd by a Woman who for her kind reception of the Christians was by the Hollanders call'd The Good Woman She commands over five Villages When the Hollanders march'd into the Field she sent them Provisions had a great Authority over her Subjects and being a Widow married to one of the Princes of the Countrey The eighth Territory hath twelve Villages of which the chiefest are Deredou Orrazo Porraven Barraba Warrawarra Tannatanna and Cubeca The ninth is call'd Tokodekal and hath seven Towns and seven Villages the chief whereof is Tokodekal where the Governor hath his Residence The tenth nam'd Pukkal consists onely of one handsom City and maintains a continual War against the seven Villages of Tokodekal and likewise against Percuzi and Pergunu two Towns which make the eleventh Dominion Besides all these foremention'd Places there are abundance of Lordships in the Mountains but we will not trouble the Reader with naming them because they are so numerous and for that every one is for it self and continually make War one against another But those Places which formerly the Hollanders had reduc'd they kept in good order and quiet These Islands of Formosa and Tayowan especially the Coasts suffer much 〈◊〉 Storms and Tempests for oftentimes the Wind blows down whole Trees and Houses rending both Walls and Roofs from top to bottom Besides by these Huricanes yearly many Ships are lost that approach near the Coasts Both these Isles also endure terrible Earthquakes Anno 1654. hapned a mighty Earthquake on the fourteenth of December which continu'd with short intermissions almost seven Weeks together It also rains here very much wherefore none can travel above two Months being December and Ianuary for then is generally the fairest Weather but their greatest and perpetual Rains happen onely in Iuly and August There are two Mousons o●… Stormy Seasons the one the Northern and the other the Southern Mouson The first begins in October and continues till March the second begins in May and holds till September which the Hollanders call'd The unconstant Month because of its often change of Weather The circumjacent Sea that washes the Skirts of these Isles abounds with Fish especially the Harder or Shepherd-Fish and another call'd the Kings-Fish The Chineses come yearly towards February from the Main-Land with thousands of Jonks to take these Shepherds some of the Jonks being able to carry five or six hundred Tun. There sail also another sort of Vessels amongst these Jonks which they call Koiaes or Wankans somewhat smaller than our Cock-boats This Harder or Shepherd is a Fish about the bigness of a Whiting which when taken is slit to the Back like Habberdine then salted and pack'd up in Barrels is sent in Pickle all over China as we and the Hollanders send our Herrings through Europe The Rows of these Fishes are also salted and put into Pots which remaining very red are accounted for a great Dainty amongst the Chineses For the Priviledge of Fishing under this Island the Chineses us'd to pay the Tithes of all Fish for Custom to the Hollanders there resident The Soil hath in it a natural Fertility yet lies most part waste through the ignorance and sloth of the Inhabitants The fruitfullest Tract the King of Middag possesses which produces abundance of Rice Wheat Barley Rye Kayjang Ginger Sugar several sorts of Trees and great variety of Fruits as Lemmons Oranges Citrons Pumpeons Water-Melons Cucumers Ananasses China-Roots Kadjang Fokkafoka Potatoes Ubes Sweet-Herbs Cabbage Carrots and abundance of Physical Herbs and Cane-wood Kadjang is a certain small Seed green and about the bigness of Coriander which boyl'd with salt and fresh Fish gives a more pleasant taste Fokkafokas is a Fruit like a Pear but thrice as big as one of our greatest white on the shady side and on the other in stead of Red of a Purple Colour and shines on the top like Glass It is first cut into four Quarters then boyld with Flesh or Bacon like Turneps Carrots or Coleworts Of the Broth sweetned with Sugar they make good Drink They also have some few Sheep and store of Harts Goats stags Conies Hares tame and wild Swine Tygers Bears Apes and the like But they have there also another kind of Creature by the Hollanders call'd Tayowans Devil about an Ell long and five Inches broad it is full of Scales both under his Belly and on his Back hath four Feet a long sharp Head very sharp Claws and a Tail thin at the end his Food nothing but Pismires for being hungry they put forth their Tongues which when they perceive creep upon it they draw in again and so swallow their Prey It is an Enemy only to the Ants and is very fearful of Men from whom it flies upon the first sight into any hole or else winds it self together but if taken by the Tail and shaken opens again so that the Hollanders have by an Irony nam'd it the Tayowans Devil being so harmless that it will neither offend another nor defend it self None of these are found in all Asia but on this Isle where they have all manner of Fowl else except Parrots There are also Serpents Millepedes Scorpions Hedgehogs and many other monstrous Creatures They likewise oftentimes see great Swarms of Locusts Anno 1655. abundance of Locusts spread themselves over these Islands of Formosa and Tayowan At their first appearance in Tayowan they fell down from the Sky like a great Snow here with us and cover'd the whole Ground After two days they directed their way to Sakkam multiplying in such manner that no place was free of them The People endeavoring to destroy the young Locusts in Sakkam in four or five days got thirty thousand Picol weight But all prov'd in vain and they were forc'd to give over when they saw their prodigious increase utterly destroying their Sugar and Rice Fields every where Against the North-East part of Formosa lies a great and rich Golden Mine surrounded by many other Marble Quarries At the Foot thereof runs a River with many winding Reaches so that any one which intends to go in quest of the Gold must cross this Stream above twenty times and not without great danger because of the Stones which frequently tumble from the Rocks In August the great Rains sweep down an incredible Store of this rich Metal which

Ground and the other half out and bears red Flowers and a Fruit like our Figs. The ripe Fruits are also red and the Flesh within tastes also like our Figs and are ripe in Iuly and August The Fruit by the Chineses call'd Cienko is by the Indians and Portuguese call'd Goyaun It seems to those that are not us'd thereto to have no good savor but indeed smells very Spicy and is desir'd afterwards by those that at first disrelish'd it because it warms and hath a soveraign healing power and is exceeding good to stop a Loosness and fortifie the Stomach Within it are many little round Stones from which the Trees grow though quickerby Setting a Bough thereof in the Ground The Boughs bear great store of Fruit and sweet-smelling Leaves which rubb'd to pieces smell very strong and are accounted excellent Medicines against Feavers The Fruit is also in the Portuguese Tongue call'd Pera that is Pear because it is exactly like a Pear In India this Fruit ripens in November and December and for the most part continues in all the other Moneths but in the Province of Quantung in Iune and Iuly On the Island Hiamxan lying near China in Makau and in Malacca grows a Tree and Fruit nam'd Giambo which is of two or three sorts for in India are red white and yellow which smell like Roses the first hath a white and the second a pale yellow Flower The Body and Boughs are Ash-colour'd the Leaves smooth a Hand-breadth long and three Fingers broad The Fruit is as big as a Pear with a thin sweetish spongy Flesh it is pleasant to the Eye either quite red or white or partly red and partly white On one Bough grow Flowers green and ripe Fruit together They are very cooling and the onely thing in great Feavers to quench Thirst. The Indians make a Conserve of this Fruit exceeding good against Agues and other Distempers arising from the Gaul In stead of Seed it incloses a round Kernel but the yellow sort hath two Kernels or rather one divided into two parts the Flesh of the yellow is very sweet and luscious the red ripens in India in October and November but the yellow in some places in March and in other places in Iuly The Pipa is a Fruit of a yellowish Green when it is ripe sweet of taste like our Plumbs and cover'd with the like sort of Skin within it lies a hard oval Stone it is generally gather'd ripe in February and March The Tree by reason of its fine Leaves and Flowers is very pleasant to behold The Fruit Yata hath a green knotty and prickly Shell like a Pine-Apple within which is a waterish Pulp as white as Snow hiding in little Repositories hard and black Stones The bigger this Fruit is the better it is esteem'd The Tree grows chiefly in Malacca from whence it was transplanted into China where it grows in some plenty In some places the Fruit is ripe in October and November and in others in February and March The Fruit Manko by the Chineses and the Indians call'd Manga and by the Turks Ambo grows most plentifully in the Southern Provinces of China In India are several sorts the biggest whereof weigh two and sometimes three Pound especially if they grow on a Bough Prun'd to a Cedar-Tree of whose Fruit they borrow the Coat and rough Shell Their Pruning on other Trees is much like ours in Europe but not in the Mango-Tree a Bough of which being cut off is ty'd to the Bough of another Tree and daub'd all about with Clay by which means the Boughs in time growing together bear Fruit. The ripe Fruits sometimes all upon one Tree are of several Colours some green others yellow and some red or as others write greenish yellow and reddish It hath a bitter Kernel within a hard and woolly Shell as big as an Almond there are also some without Stones The Flesh of those that are ripe is of a kind of Purple colour and exceeds all other in lusciousness Some account it the best Fruit in the World They are ripe in April and May and continue till November The Tree according to Garcias on which this Fruit grows is like a Pear-Tree high and full of Boughs the Leaves are very thin ten Inches long and three broad with a thick sinew in the middle Acosta tells us That the Fruit being slic'd and laid to soke in Wine is counted for a dainty Banquet It is also laid in Sugar thereby to preserve it the longer and sometimes open'd with a Knife is fill'd with Ginger Garlick and Mustard-seed and laid to steep in Salt Oyl and Vinegar or else is eaten with Rice or Pickled like Olives It grows in many places in India as in Malabar Goa Surrat Balagate Bengale Pegu and others but the best sort is judg'd to grow in Ormus the second in Surrat and the 〈◊〉 in Balagate A Fruit nam'd Mangan which grows on the Isle Iava is by the Inhabitants accounted above all Cordials in the World whether Lapis Bezoar or any other It is as big as a Coco Nut and joyns close together till grown ripe for then it cracks and bursts asunder within lies the Seed wrapp'd up in Wooll which if not taken off in time is blown away by the Wind. This Fruit is so dear that it can scarce be purchas'd with Money Moreover the parts split from each other stick so fast at the bottom to the Stalk that the strongest Man cannot pull them from it In many places in China grows also Cotton but in greatest abundance in the Province of Nanking especially near the City Xangchai where there are said to dwell two hundred Cotton-Weavers it being in that place and two neighboring Villages the onely thing whereby the Inhabitants maintain themselves The Seed according to their Relation was brought out of other Countreys into China about five hundred years ago The Herb or Plant on which the Cotton grows in China hath a wooddy Stalk of a Foot and a half long or two Foot high and being cover'd with a darkish red Bark or Rind divides it self into several short Branches The Leaves like those of a Vine are divided into three parts and hang on rough Stalks of two or three Inches long The Blossom or Flower is like those of Mallows and ends in Saffron or as others say blue and Purple Stalks after the Flower follows round Fruit as big as a small Apple which when grown ripe cracks in two or three places and shews the white Cotton which is in it under it is an Oval and white-colour'd Seed which tastes like an Almond or Pine-Apple Another Plant also which produces Cotton but grows like a Tree and hath smoother Leaves grows in Egypt and Arabia where by the Egyptians it is call'd Gotnel Segia and shoots up to the heighth of ten Cubits the Leaves hang on Violet-colour'd Stalks and are divided into five parts when grown to maturity the Fruit is almost