Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	foot_n	half_a	inch_n	1,859	5	11.0254	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35310	The antient and present state of Muscovy containing a geographical, historical, and political account of all those nations and territories under the jurisdiction of the present czar : with sculptures and a new map / by J.C., M.D., Fellow of the Royal Society, and a member of the College of Physicians, London.	Crull, J. (Jodocus), d. 1713?	1698 (1698)	Wing C7424; Wing C7425; ESTC R2742	334,877	511

monster_n those_o other_o europaean_n that_o have_v of_o late_a year_n sail_v deep_a into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n have_v neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v any_o thing_n like_o it_o except_o they_o will_v take_v the_o seadog_n which_o be_v in_o great_a number_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o wolga_n for_o such_o prodigious_a monster_n sea_n error_n of_o modern_a author_n concern_v the_o caspian_a sea_n by_o the_o experience_n of_o those_o also_o it_o be_v sufficient_o contradlct_v what_o petrejus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o muscovy_n relate_v with_o so_o much_o confidence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v as_o black_a as_o ink_n that_o it_o be_v full_a of_o island_n well_o stock_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o city_n and_o village_n the_o water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o that_o of_o all_o other_o sea_n and_o there_o be_v not_o one_o island_n in_o it_o that_o have_v either_o city_n or_o village_n and_o if_o the_o persian_n tartar_n and_o muscovite_n live_v thereabouts_o may_v be_v believe_v there_o be_v only_o the_o isle_n of_o ensil_n near_o ferebath_n which_o have_v very_o good_a pasture_n the_o neighbour_a inhabitant_n who_o keep_v their_o cattle_n there_o have_v a_o few_o hut_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n during_o the_o time_n their_o cattle_n grase_n there_o of_o the_o same_o stamp_n be_v what_o contarinus_n in_o his_o travel_n and_o father_n bizarous_a in_o his_o history_n of_o persia_n relate_v concern_v a_o certain_a round_a fish_n without_o a_o head_n to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o sea_n of_o a_o ell_n and_o a_o half_a diameter_n of_o which_o they_o say_v there_o be_v draw_v a_o certain_a oil_n which_o the_o persian_n use_v in_o their_o lamp_n and_o to_o greese_v their_o camel_n whereas_o there_o be_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o barmach_n near_o the_o city_n of_o baku_n whole_a rivulet_n of_o a_o oily_a substance_n by_o they_o call_v nefte_v nefte_a nefte_a which_o furnish_v they_o with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o this_o kind_a for_o that_o use_v at_o a_o much_o cheap_a rate_n it_o be_v from_o thence_o transport_v into_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o they_o be_v fall_v into_o this_o error_n by_o the_o superficial_a description_n of_o a_o certain_a fish_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n call_v naka_n glutton_n the_o glutton_n or_o glutton_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n to_o that_o mention_v by_o they_o for_o it_o have_v not_o only_o a_o very_a short_a nose_n but_o the_o whole_a head_n be_v as_o it_o be_v within_o the_o belly_n and_o its_o tail_n be_v round_o and_o its_o length_n and_o breadth_n near_o the_o same_o and_o sometime_o of_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n it_o come_v pretty_a near_o a_o circular_a figure_n this_o fish_n will_v fasten_v itself_o with_o the_o tail_n under_o the_o fisher-men_n boat_n so_o as_o to_o overturn_v they_o as_o will_v also_o the_o white_a fish_n which_o make_v the_o fisherman_n be_v very_o cautious_a of_o the●●_n they_o catch_v the_o first_o with_o the_o liver_n of_o beef_n 〈◊〉_d mutton_n which_o the_o fish_n much_o delight_n in_o th●●_n they_o put_v as_o a_o bait_n upon_o iron_n hook_n tie_v to_o good_a strong_a cord_n and_o so_o draw_v he_o to_o the_o shoar_n but_o i_o can_v imagine_v upon_o what_o authority_n they_o have_v found_v their_o relation_n when_o they_o say_v that_o there_o be_v 〈◊〉_d other_o fish_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v very_o well_o store_v not_o only_o with_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n sturgeon_n and_o herring_n but_o also_o with_o several_a kind_n of_o fish_n as_o be_v catch_v in_o river_n and_o keep_v in_o pond_n as_o barbel_n bream_n and_o trout_n before_o we_o leave_v the_o caspian_a sea_n it_o will_v perhaps_o not_o be_v amiss_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o certain_a species_n of_o wild_a goose_n or_o rather_o cormorant_n which_o be_v find_v in_o great_a number_n on_o that_o shoar_n especial_o towards_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n they_o be_v like_o other_o goose_n as_o to_o their_o colour_n leg_n neck_n and_o foot_n but_o the_o bulk_n of_o their_o body_n exceed_v the_o swan_n their_o bill_n be_v fork_a at_o the_o end_n be_v a_o foot_n and_o half_a long_a and_o near_o two_o inch_n broad_a the_o whole_a body_n of_o some_o of_o they_o be_v above_o seven_o foot_n in_o length_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o foot_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o they_o be_v that_o under_o their_o bill_n they_o have_v a_o shriveled_a skin_n hang_v resemble_v a_o bag_n which_o when_o dilate_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o three_o gallon_n of_o liquor_n this_o they_o make_v use_v of_o for_o a_o rescrontory_n for_o such_o fish_n they_o take_v which_o they_o afterward_o swallow_v down_o at_o leisure_n on_o the_o same_o shoar_n be_v also_o frequent_o see_v that_o kind_n of_o fowl_n onocratalus_n onocratalus_n which_o pliny_n call_v onocratalus_n their_o beak_n be_v long_o and_o round_o but_o at_o the_o extremity_n flat_a in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o spoon_n beat_v out_o when_o it_o put_v its_o beak_n into_o the_o water_n it_o make_v a_o most_o hideous_a noise_n almost_o like_o a_o ass_n whence_o without_o doubt_n it_o have_v its_o name_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v which_o may_v serve_v as_o additional_a argument_n to_o maintain_v our_o beforementioned_a assertion_n that_o it_o have_v no_o communication_n or_o correspondence_n with_o any_o other_o sea_n chap._n v._n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o dagesthan_n and_o circassia_n of_o siberia_n and_o some_o other_o tartarian_a province_n betwixt_o china_n and_o muscovy_n the_o tartar_n of_o dagesthan_n and_o circassia_n inhabit_v that_o country_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_n under_o the_o name_n of_o albania_n which_o reach_v all_o along_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o desert_n of_o astrachan_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n to_o the_o city_n of_o derbent_n circassia_n circassia_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o persia_n the_o dagesthan_a tartar_n be_v subject_a neither_o to_o the_o persian_n nor_o muscovite_n the_o mountain_n which_o they_o inhabit_v serve_v they_o for_o a_o fence_n against_o these_o two_o potent_a neighbour_n but_o the_o circassian_n tartar_n divide_v from_o the_o former_a by_o the_o river_n bustro_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v gerrus_fw-la border_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o astrachan_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n we_o will_v treat_v of_o they_o first_o take_v our_o course_n from_o the_o great_a desert_n of_o astrachan_n first_o to_o the_o river_n bustro_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o frontier_n of_o persia_n the_o country_n of_o circassia_n be_v situate_a all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o south-west_n to_o north-east_n encompass_v it_o about_o in_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n and_o make_v a_o very_a spacious_a bay_n the_o circassian_n be_v possess_v of_o that_o part_n of_o albania_n which_o have_v for_o its_o frontier_n on_o the_o east_n and_o westside_n the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o mount_n caucasus_n and_o on_o the_o south_n and_o north_n the_o river_n bustro_n and_o the_o desert_n of_o astrachan_n very_o few_o historian_n whether_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v make_v any_o mention_n of_o they_o some_o have_v assign_v their_o habitation_n beyond_o the_o mount_n caucasus_n near_o the_o euxin_n sea_n whereas_o they_o be_v more_o proper_o to_o be_v call_v the_o caspian_a sarmatian_n their_o capital_a city_n be_v terki_n terki_n the_o city_n of_o terki_n above_o 300_o mile_n from_o astrachan_n by_o land_n situate_v near_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n upon_o a_o small_a river_n call_v timenski_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o great_a river_n bustro_n which_o be_v former_o call_v terck_n have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o this_o city_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o very_a spacious_a plain_n very_o fenny_a towards_o the_o seaside_n under_o 43_o deg_fw-la 23_o min._n elev_n it_o be_v in_o compass_n about_o two_o mile_n well_o fortify_v with_o rampart_n and_o bastion_n of_o earth_n after_o the_o modern_a way_n store_v with_o cannon_n and_o have_v always_o a_o considerable_a garrison_n in_o it_o of_o muscovite_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o weywode_n the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o reside_v here_o have_v 500_o of_o they_o allow_v he_o for_o his_o guard_n since_o the_o reduction_n of_o those_o part_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n they_o have_v put_v in_o all_o place_n of_o strength_n not_o only_o their_o garrison_n but_o also_o governor_n magistrate_n and_o priest_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o

passage_n to_o the_o boat_n over_o the_o 〈◊〉_d island_n the_o river_n volga_n contain_v a_o prodigious_a store_n of_o fish_n of_o all_o sort_n a_o very_a good_a commodity_n in_o mus●ovy_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o their_o fast-day_n which_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o muscovite_n catch_v with_o a_o cord_n but_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n the_o tartar_n fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a cord_n a_o pretty_a big_a stone_n which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n several_a great_a piece_n of_o wood_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o other_o end_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n all_o along_o this_o great_a cord_n many_o little_n once_o be_v fasten_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o each_o of_o these_o have_v at_o the_o end_n a_o good●ook_n bait_v with_o a_o certain_a fish_n which_o they_o know_v the_o rest_n to_o be_v greedy_a of_o by_o which_o invention_n they_o catch_v often_o fish_n of_o ten_o twelve_o and_o more_o foot_n long_o the_o muscovite_n take_v also_o a_o cord_n with_o a_o ●ook_v fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o it_o this_o cord_n be_v ty●d_v about_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o well_o plain_v board_n tin_a over_o its_o ●igness_n about_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n square_a which_o be_v drag_v behind_o a_o boat_n by_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n resemble_v the_o scale_n of_o fish_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o draw_v up_o fish_n of_o a_o very_a great_a seize_v to_o the_o bait_n and_o into_o the_o snare_n among_o other_o fish_n wherewith_o this_o river_n abound_v the_o sturgeon_n be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o considerable_a who_o egg_n afford_v that_o ragout_n which_o the_o italian_n call_v cavayar_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o muscovite_n 〈◊〉_d the_o egg_n be_v put_v into_o a_o paste_n be_v prepare_v 10_o or_o 12_o day_n with_o salt_n this_o commodity_n afford_v a_o considerable_a trade_n to_o muscovy_n be_v export_v from_o thence_o to_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n where_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a of_o this_o kind_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o czar_n keep_v this_o trade_n to_o himself_o some_o mile_n below_o the_o abovementioned_a ruin_v place_n the_o shoar_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n be_v very_o mountainous_a yet_o not_o ●o_o but_o that_o the_o valley_n afford_v very_o pleasant_a pasture_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v a_o mountain_n out_o of_o which_o the_o muscovite_n get_v great_a store_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v prepare_v in_o certain_a hut_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v send_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o river_n to_o m●s●o_v almost_o opposite_a to_o this_o be_v another_o mountain_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o which_o the_o river_n vssa_n fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n on_o both_o side_n be_v very_o fine_a meadow_n border_v upon_o the_o shoar_n but_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o thence_o be_v very_o thick_a wood_n a_o place_n of_o retreat_n for_o the_o cosack_n which_o make_v it_o very_o dangerous_a for_o traveler_n below_o this_o lie_v the_o mountain_n diwiagora_n or_o maids-mountain_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a steepy_a '_o hill_n of_o various_a colour_n and_o bear_v pine-tree_n in_o so_o regular_a a_o order_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v plant_v there_o on_o purpose_n make_v it_o appear_v very_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o this_o rises_z another_z which_o reach_v near_o 40_o mile_n along_o the_o river_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a here_o valley_n th●_n cy●●●_n valley_n be_v the_o valley_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v store_v with_o appletree_n afford_v very_o good_a cider_n be_v call_v by_o the_o muscovite_n jabla-new-quas_a which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o drink_v of_o apple_n some_o of_o these_o mountain_n reach_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o country_n other_o border_v only_o upon_o the_o riverside_n at_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o shoar_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o samara_n belong_v to_o the_o abovementioned_a tartarian_a province_n of_o bulgar_a and_o above_o 300_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o casan_n it_o be_v form_n be_v square_a its_o building_n all_o of_o wood_n except_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v three_o in_o number_n the_o river_n of_o samar_n from_o whence_o it_o derive_v its_o name_n fall_v about_o three_o mile_n below_o into_o the_o volga_n about_o 100_o mile_n from_o hence_o be_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v all_o bare_a without_o any_o wood_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o retreat_v place_n to_o the_o cosack_n live_v upon_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n and_o have_v from_o thence_o get_v its_o denomination_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o city_n of_o saratof_n above_o 200_o mile_n distant_a from_o hence_o be_v abundance_n of_o small_a island_n in_o this_o river_n so_o that_o at_o certain_a season_n it_o have_v be_v fordable_a and_o consequent_o very_o incommodious_a for_o ship_n of_o burden_n who_o at_o such_o place_n be_v oblige_v to_o unload_v part_n of_o their_o cargo_n in_o small_a boat_n which_o they_o carry_v along_o with_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o city_n of_o saratof_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o very_a fair_a large_a plain_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o riverside_n upon_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o muscovite_n soldier_n who_o be_v put_v there_o as_o a_o guard_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v kalmuches_n kal●uches_n tartar_n kal●uches_n inhabit_v a_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o extend_v towards_o the_o caspian_a sea_n betwixt_o this_o river_n and_o the_o river_n jaika_fw-mi about_o three_o hundred_o mile_n low_a 50_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n the_o city_n of_o zariza_n tanais_n the_o river_n tanais_n the_o river_n don_n the_o tanais_n of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n advance_v within_o a_o day_n journey_n near_o the_o river_n volga_n as_o some_o mile_n below_o the_o say_a city_n behind_o a_o certain_a island_n call_v the_o isle_n of_o zerpinsko_n there_o fall_v a_o little_a river_n call_v kamous_a which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o beforementioned_a river_n don_n into_o the_o river_n volga_n but_o it_o be_v very_o shallow_a afford_v scarce_o passage_n for_o small_a boat_n notwithstanding_o which_o there_o be_v some_o who_o affirm_v that_o it_o may_v be_v render_v more_o navigable_a and_o consequent_o a_o communication_n be_v establish_v betwixt_o these_o two_o considerable_a river_n near_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o abovementioned_a place_n wolga_n the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n before_o you_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n near_o achtobska_n vtska_n the_o river_n volga_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o take_v its_o course_n to_o the_o left_a into_o the_o country_n carry_v its_o stream_n for_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o north-east_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o current_n of_o the_o great_a river_n but_o afterward_o reassume_v its_o former_a course_n returns_z to_o the_o southeast_n till_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n about_o 40_o mile_n from_o hence_o at_o 5_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o riverside_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o great_a city_n former_o call_v zaaresgorod_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o 〈◊〉_d royal_a build_v as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o tamerlain_n its_o palace_n and_o wall_n be_v all_o of_o brick_n which_o have_v furnish_v the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n for_o these_o many_o year_n with_o material_n for_o their_o wall_n church_n and_o monastery_n a_o few_o mile_n from_o this_o place_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o zariza_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o hill_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n 49_o degree_n and_o 42_o min._n elevation_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o several_a bastion_n and_o tower_n but_o all_o of_o wood_n it_o be_v a_o frontier-garison_n against_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n and_o cossack_n and_o inhabit_v only_o by_o soldier_n who_o also_o serve_v for_o a_o convoy_n to_o the_o vessel_n pass_v this_o way_n up_o and_o down_o the_o river_n all_o about_o here_o and_o even_o as_o far_o as_o astrachan_n itself_o the_o country_n except_o the_o beforementioned_a island_n of_o zerpinsko_n which_o be_v twelve_o mile_n long_o and_o furnish_v the_o cattle_n belong_v to_o the_o garrison_n with_o grass_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o barren_a that_o it_o afford_v no_o manner_n of_o corn_n which_o defect_n however_o be_v easy_o supply_v by_o help_n of_o the_o river_n the_o fertile_a ground_n about_o casan_n furnish_v these_o part_n and_o even_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n with_o wheat_n at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n about_o sixscore_o mile_n below_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n the_o river_n wesowi_n near_o a_o small_a island_n of_o the_o same_o name_n fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n on_o the_o right_a side_n as_o do_v the_o river_n wolodinerski_n vtsga_n 30_o mile_n low_o

there_o be_v one_o general_a pricas_n or_o court_n of_o justice_n where_o all_o matter_n that_o do_v not_o appertain_v to_o any_o peculiar_a pricas_n be_v determine_v this_o be_v call_v siskoi_n pricas_n all_o the_o diack_n or_o secretary_n clerk_n and_o copier_n of_o these_o court_n be_v very_o well_o skill_v in_o write_v and_o arithmetic_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o they_o perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o plumb-stone_n instead_o of_o compter_n they_o keep_v their_o register_n in_o roll_n of_o paper_n past_v together_o which_o be_v 30_o or_o 40_o yard_n long_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o office_n the_o boyar_n who_o be_v precedent_n of_o each_o court_n and_o have_v his_o secretary_n and_o assessor_n determine_v final_o all_o such_o cause_n as_o come_v under_o his_o cognisance_n he_o be_v the_o representative_a of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n former_o most_o of_o these_o cause_n depend_v from_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o judge_n muscovy_n law_n of_o muscovy_n there_o be_v very_o few_o law_n establish_v then_o according_a to_o which_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v give_v they_o only_o be_v concern_v high_a treason_n adultery_n theft_n and_o debt_n between_o private_a person_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1647_o a_o book_n be_v compile_v in_o folio_n under_o the_o title_n of_o soborna_n vlosienia_n that_o be_v to_o say_v universal_a and_o general_a right_n contain_v all_o the_o several_a law_n and_o ordinance_n according_a to_o which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o regulate_v themselves_o in_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o civil_a case_n they_o proceed_v thus_o if_o there_o be_v no_o sufficient_a evidence_n on_o the_o plaintiff_n side_n as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n allege_v against_o the_o defendant_n the_o latter_a be_v ask_v whether_o he_o will_v by_o his_o oath_n confirm_v the_o answer_n give_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n declaration_n or_o else_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n oath_n he_o who_o consent_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o one_o of_o their_o saint_n where_o be_v admonish_v and_o ask_v whether_o he_o will_v take_v this_o oath_n upon_o the_o salvation_n of_o his_o soul_n if_o he_o persist_v in_o his_o resolution_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o kiss_v a_o little_a cross_n and_o the_o saint_n image_n those_o that_o have_v take_v a_o oath_n though_o never_o so_o true_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o scandalous_a and_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o communion_n in_o three_o year_n after_o for_o which_o reason_n and_o to_o obviate_v perjury_n which_o be_v pretty_a common_a here_o the_o great_a duke_n make_v a_o edict_n in_o the_o year_n 1634_o that_o all_o promise_n or_o obligation_n whether_o for_o money_n or_o pawn_v though_o between_o father_n and_o son_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o write_v sign_v by_o both_o party_n under_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o debt_n perjury_n be_v punish_v by_o a_o severe_a whip_n and_o banishment_n stranger_n take_v their_o oath_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o several_a country_n and_o religion_n in_o criminal_a case_n the_o accuse_v can_v be_v condemn_v altho'never_o so_o many_o witness_n appear_v against_o he_o unless_o he_o confess_v the_o fact_n to_o force_v therefore_o criminal_n to_o a_o confession_n of_o the_o truth_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o torture_n which_o have_v its_o several_a degree_n the_o first_o be_v the_o strappado_n when_o they_o hang_v the_o malefactor_n with_o his_o hand_n tie_v behind_o in_o the_o air_n have_v fasten_v to_o his_o foot_n a_o great_a beam_n upon_o which_o the_o executioner_n ever_o and_o anon_o get_v up_o to_o further_o the_o dislocation_n of_o the_o member_n and_o consequent_o to_o augment_v the_o pain_n under_o his_o foot_n be_v make_v a_o fire_n which_o with_o the_o smoke_n and_o heat_n stifle_n and_o burn_v he_o if_o they_o do_v think_v this_o sufficient_a they_o shave_v his_o head_n and_z as_o he_o be_v thus_o hang_v drop_v gradual_o cold_a water_n upon_o the_o crown_n of_o his_o head_n which_o be_v the_o most_o exquisite_a torment_n that_o can_v be_v invent_v whip_v in_o muscovy_n be_v perform_v thus_o a_o lusty_a fellow_n one_o of_o the_o executioner_n man_n after_o have_v strip_v they_o to_o the_o middle_n take_v up_o one_o by_o one_o upon_o his_o back_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o boy_n in_o england_n be_v horse_v by_o their_o fellow-scholar_n at_o school_n and_o have_v tie_v their_o foot_n together_o with_o a_o cord_n which_o come_v through_o the_o leg_n of_o he_o that_o hold_v they_o up_o be_v hold_v by_o another_o servant_n of_o the_o executioner_n so_o fast_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o stir_v the_o executioner_n with_o a_o bull_n pizzle_n have_v fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o it_o three_o strap_n of_o a_o elk_n skin_n not_o tan_v lay_v it_o on_o their_o back_n with_o so_o much_o dexterity_n and_o strength_n that_o at_o every_o lash_n the_o blood_n gush_v out_o on_o all_o side_n heretofore_o these_o punishment_n be_v not_o account_v infamous_a and_o be_v inflict_v upon_o person_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n but_o time_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n correct_v that_o error_n beside_o this_o they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o chastisement_n which_o be_v also_o use_v in_o family_n for_o the_o correction_n of_o child_n and_o slave_n he_o that_o be_v to_o be_v thus_o correct_v after_o have_v pull_v off_o his_o clothes_n to_o the_o shirt_n and_o drawer_n be_v lay_v down_o upon_o the_o ground_n flat_a upon_o his_o belly_n one_o sit_v across_o his_o head_n and_o neck_n another_o upon_o his_o foot_n each_o of_o they_o furnish_v with_o a_o good_a switch_n wherewith_o they_o sound_o tickle_v his_o back_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o beat_v the_o dust_n out_o of_o clothes_n or_o hang_n murder_n be_v a_o capital_a crime_n unless_o no_o body_n prosecute_v it_o or_o it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n kill_v his_o wife_n or_o slave_n under_o correction_n he_o that_o have_v commit_v a_o murder_n after_o he_o have_v be_v keep_v with_o bread_n and_o water_n in_o close_a prison_n have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o but_o if_o a_o wife_n kill_v her_o husband_n she_o be_v put_v in_o the_o ground_n alive_a up_o to_o the_o neck_n till_o she_o die_v the_o punishment_n of_o coiner_n be_v to_o have_v some_o metal_n ready_a melt_v pour_v down_o their_o throat_n traitor_n after_o they_o have_v be_v torment_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n be_v often_o banish_v into_o siberia_n some_o with_o their_o nose_n and_o ear_n crop_v some_o without_o eye_n some_o be_v put_v under_o the_o ice_n hang_v have_v not_o be_v long_o in_o use_n in_o russia_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a be_v that_o the_o malefactor_n most_o common_o at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o hangm●n_n put_v his_o neck_n through_o the_o noose_n and_o turn_v himself_o off_o ●uch_o particular_a admirer_n be_v the_o russian_n of_o passive_a obedience_n theft_n be_v not_o capital_a in_o muscovy_n but_o they_o be_v not_o spare_v in_o apply_v to_o they_o the_o torture_n for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o accomplice_n the_o first_o time_n after_o a_o sound_a whip_n across_o the_o marketplace_n they_o have_v one_o ear_n cut_v off_o and_o be_v imprison_v for_o two_o year_n the_o second_o time_n they_o receive_v the_o same_o punishment_n but_o as_o a_o additional_a chastisement_n be_v banish_v into_o siberia_n the_o concealer_n and_o receiver_n undergo_v the_o same_o punishment_n those_o that_o sell_v tobacco_n and_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la without_o licence_n have_v their_o nostril_n slit_v or_o else_o be_v whip_v how_o they_o punish_v adultery_n be_v mention_v before_o those_o that_o be_v uncapable_a of_o pay_v their_o debt_n be_v use_v with_o a_o most_o barbarous_a severity_n for_o if_o any_o one_o happen_v to_o fail_v of_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n prefix_v he_o be_v put_v in_o a_o sergeant_n house_n for_o some_o time_n to_o see_v whether_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o can_v make_v satisfaction_n or_o agree_v with_o the_o creditor_n if_o he_o can_v he_o be_v carry_v to_o prison_n and_o from_o thence_o bring_v every_o day_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n where_o for_o a_o whole_a hour_n the_o executioner_n beat_v he_o with_o a_o pretty_a thick_a wand_n across_o the_o shinbone_n if_o he_o can_v put_v in_o security_n for_o his_o forthcoming_a the_o next_o day_n in_o order_n to_o receive_v the_o same_o chastisement_n he_o be_v permit_v to_o go_v home_o if_o not_o he_o be_v remand_v to_o prison_n and_o be_v to_o undergo_v the_o same_o every_o day_n till_o he_o have_v make_v satisfaction_n which_o if_o he_o can_v do_v at_o last_o he_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v as_o a_o slave_n to_o his_o creditor_n with_o wife_n and_o child_n but_o this_o last_o the_o muscovite_n be_v not_o much_o concern_v at_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o frequent_o fall_v themselves_o and_o their_o

restorative_n at_o which_o the_o indian_a woman_n be_v the_o most_o expert_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n as_o they_o be_v very_o skilful_a to_o send_v their_o husband_n upon_o certain_a occasion_n to_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o other_o world_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o more_o serious_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n they_o hold_v the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o believe_v withal_o that_o at_o its_o departure_n out_o of_o the_o first_o body_n it_o transmigrate_v into_o that_o of_o some_o other_o creature_n thus_o they_o affirm_v that_o by_o example_n the_o soul_n of_o a_o good_a nature_a and_o meek_a person_n be_v translate_v into_o the_o body_n of_o a_o pigeon_n or_o chicken_n that_o of_o a_o cruel_a and_o rapacious_a fellow_n into_o a_o crocodile_n a_o lion_n or_o a_o tiger_n that_o of_o a_o cunning_a and_o crafty_a man_n into_o that_o of_o a_o fox_n that_o of_o a_o glutton_n into_o the_o body_n of_o swine_n that_o of_o a_o treacherous_a and_o malicious_a person_n into_o a_o serpent_n before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o spiritual_a beatitude_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v the_o banyan_o abstain_v as_o we_o mention_v before_o from_o kill_v any_o live_a creature_n even_o to_o the_o infect_v be_v they_o never_o so_o troublesome_a or_o dangerous_a nay_o they_o act_n with_o so_o much_o circumspection_n in_o regard_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o that_o they_o forbear_v keep_v any_o fire_n and_o light_v of_o candle_n in_o the_o night_n time_n out_o of_o fear_n that_o the_o fly_n or_o moth_n shall_v chance_v to_o burn_v themselves_o therein_o they_o scarce_o can_v be_v induce_v to_o make_v any_o pit_n in_o the_o ground_n for_o fear_v of_o drown_v the_o sleg_n and_o other_o infect_v if_o the_o mahometan_n among_o they_o do_v sell_v any_o bird_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o redeem_v they_o if_o possible_o they_o can_v and_o feed_v they_o well_o because_o say_v they_o we_o do_v know_v how_o soon_o ourselves_o may_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o same_o kindness_n and_o they_o will_v erect_v hospital_n for_o beast_n that_o be_v hurt_v or_o wound_v they_o have_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a respect_n for_o cow_n so_o that_o if_o they_o know_v of_o any_o one_o that_o be_v to_o be_v kill_v for_o the_o market_n they_o will_v not_o only_o purchase_v and_o redeem_v it_o at_o a_o high_a rate_n from_o the_o slaughter_n but_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o family_n but_o what_o breed_v up_o one_o almost_o as_o tender_o as_o their_o own_o child_n for_o they_o will_v comb_v and_o feed_v it_o and_o lodge_v it_o as_o clean_o and_o as_o careful_o as_o if_o it_o be_v one_o of_o their_o best_a friend_n or_o relation_n they_o never_o eat_v but_o in_o private_a and_o before_o they_o touch_v the_o victual_n they_o throw_v some_o small_a quantity_n of_o it_o separately_z into_o the_o fire_n the_o water_n the_o air_n and_o upon_o the_o earth_n they_o have_v abundance_n of_o other_o pretend_a nicety_n too_o many_o to_o be_v insert_v here_o but_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o in_o silence_n that_o though_o they_o acknowledge_v one_o supreme_a god_n they_o nevertheless_o worship_v the_o devil_n allege_v for_o a_o reason_n that_o god_n have_v create_v he_o to_o govern_v the_o world_n devil_n they_o worship_v the_o devil_n and_o to_o do_v hurt_v to_o mankind_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v appease_v by_o prayer_n and_o sacrifice_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o his_o statue_n of_o gold_n silver_n ivory_n ebony_n marble_n wood_n or_o stone_n be_v every_o where_o to_o be_v see_v in_o their_o mosque_n the_o figure_n of_o which_o appear_v most_o dreadful_a to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o beholder_n for_o his_o head_n out_o of_o which_o come_v forth_o four_o horn_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o triple_a crown_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o taira_n his_o face_n resemble_v that_o of_o a_o large_a boar_n with_o two_o great_a tooth_n come_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n and_o a_o great_a ugly_a beard_n on_o his_o chin._n he_o bend_v his_o breast_n to_o his_o belly_n where_o the_o hand_n hang_v down_o negligent_o betwixt_o his_o thigh_n there_o appear_v another_o head_n with_o two_o horn_n upon_o it_o as_o ugly_a as_o the_o first_o thrusting_z out_o of_o the_o mouth_n a_o tongue_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n instead_o of_o tooth_n it_o have_v saw_n and_o a_o cow_n tail_n behind_o this_o figure_n stand_v always_o upon_o a_o stone_n table_n this_o be_v the_o altar_n where_o the_o offering_n be_v to_o to_o be_v make_v they_o have_v no_o other_o light_n in_o their_o mosque_n than_o what_o they_o be_v furnish_v withal_o by_o the_o lamp_n which_o be_v keep_v burn_v perpetual_o near_o the_o idol_n and_o after_o the_o priest_n have_v finish_v his_o devotious_a he_o purify_v his_o head_n by_o put_v it_o into_o these_o flame_n as_o the_o other_o banyan_o purify_v themselves_o before_o the_o sacrifice_n by_o wash_v in_o a_o trough_n which_o always_o stand_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o altar_n but_o it_o be_v beyond_o our_o present_a scope_n to_o digress_v further_o into_o the_o cloudy_a and_o superstitious_a rite_n of_o these_o banyan_o let_v we_o return_v to_o their_o traffic_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o our_o present_a intention_n these_o banyan_o therefore_o be_v the_o most_o in_o number_n throughout_o the_o city_n of_o surat_n blevitshia_n gandee_a goga_n cambaya_n dium_n pateppatene_n mangalor_n gondore_fw-la massary_n gandivi_fw-la balsara_n and_o in_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n hamed_n ewad_n or_o amadabath_n they_o manage_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o india_n not_o only_o in_o silk_n cotton_n but_o also_o all_o sort_n of_o proveado_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n satin_n velvet_n taffata_n satin_n for_o lining_n and_o carpet_n quilt_a coverlet_n of_o silk_n or_o cotton_n tent_n which_o be_v use_v instead_o of_o coach_n cabinet_n of_o lacque_fw-la chest_n board_n of_o tortoise_n shell_n seal_n bead_n chain_n button_n and_o ring_n of_o ivory_n amber_n rock_n crystal_n or_o agate_n the_o other_o commodity_n which_o by_o the_o banyan_o be_v transport_v into_o mnscovy_n and_o persia_n be_v sugar_n candy_a or_o in_o powder_n cummin_n opium_n ginger_n dry_a and_o preserve_v myrobolan_n or_o indian_a plum_n sal_fw-la armonias_fw-la musk_n amber_n greece_n lacque_fw-la saltpetre_n indigo_n borax_n assafaetida_fw-la and_o diamond_n beside_o several_a sort_n of_o other_o precious_a stone_n the_o lacque_fw-la be_v a_o gumm_n take_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a tree_n make_v lacque_fw-la how_o make_v not_o much_o unlike_o a_o plum_n tree_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o it_o all_o over_o the_o province_n of_o guzurette_n its_o native_a colour_n be_v red_a brown_n but_o the_o indianst_a beat_v i●_n to_o powder_n and_o after_o they_o have_v give_v it_o what_o colour_n they_o please_v make_v it_o into_o stick_n for_o to_o seal_v letter_n or_o beatfiie_v their_o cabinet_n and_o other_o household_n stuff_n saltpetre_n be_v make_v in_o those_o part_n make_v saltpetre_n how_o make_v out_o of_o the_o black_a and_o salt_a ground_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n have_v make_v certain_a trench_n they_o fill_v they_o with_o this_o nitrous_a earth_n and_o let_v into_o they_o out_o of_o the_o adjacent_a small_a rivulet_n so_o much_o water_n as_o they_o think_v sufficient_a for_o its_o soak_v which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o effectual_o do_v they_o tread_v it_o with_o their_o foot_n till_o it_o be_v well_o mix_v when_o they_o believe_v the_o water_n to_o have_v draw_v out_o all_o the_o nitrous_a substance_n which_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n they_o take_v after_o it_o be_v well_o settle_v the_o clear_a part_n of_o it_o which_o they_o dispose_v in_o another_o trench_n where_o after_o some_o time_n it_o grow_v thick_a and_o then_o they_o boil_v it_o like_o salt_n continual_o scum_v it_o last_o they_o put_v it_o into_o a_o great_a earthen_a pot_n where_o the_o gross_a dregs_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n they_o take_v of_o the_o saline_n substance_n which_o be_v set_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n till_o it_o grow_v hard_a and_o be_v reduce_v into_o that_o form_n as_o we_o see_v it_o in_o europe_n the_o best_a indigo_n in_o the_o world_n come_v from_o about_o amadabath_n prepare_v indigo_n how_o prepare_v the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o guzurat●e_n from_o a_o village_n call_v chirphee_n the_o herb_n out_o of_o which_o that_o be_v make_v be_v not_o unlike_a that_o of_o yellow_a parsnip_n but_o short_a and_o of_o a_o more_o bitter_a taste_n it_o sprout_n forth_o to_o branch_n like_o a_o reed_n grow_v some_o year_n when_o the_o season_n prove_v kind_a six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a with_o a_o flower_n like_o that_o that_o of_o a_o thistle_n and_o the_o seed_n altogether_o like_o fenugreek_n it_o be_v seldom_o sow_o till_o in_o june_n and_o be_v

ready_a to_o be_v cut_v towards_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o november_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o december_n they_o sow_v it_o but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n but_o the_o first_o year_n produce_v the_o best_a when_o the_o leaf_n be_v cut_v off_o within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o stalk_n be_v throw_v away_o as_o useless_a and_o the_o leave_v lay_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n which_o do_v they_o be_v put_v a_o put_v a_o soak_v for_o four_o or_o five_o day_n in_o a_o stone_n trough_n the_o water_n with_o the_o leaf_n be_v often_o stir_v till_o such_o time_n that_o the_o water_n have_v sufficient_o extract_v the_o whole_a tincture_n of_o the_o herb._n then_o the_o water_n be_v smooth_o draw_v off_o into_o another_o stone_n trough_n in_o order_n to_o let_v it_o settle_v for_o one_o night_n the_o next_o day_n all_o the_o water_n be_v again_o draw_v off_o to_o the_o settlement_n and_o what_o be_v thus_o leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o trough_n be_v strain_v through_o a_o course_n cloth_n and_o so_o set_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n and_o this_o be_v true_a indigo_n which_o however_o the_o banyan_o frequent_o adulterate_a by_o mix_v with_o it_o a_o certain_a earth_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o because_o the_o excellency_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v judge_v by_o its_o lightness_n they_o have_v cunning_a enough_o to_o add_v to_o it_o some_o oil_n to_o make_v it_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o second_o year_n the_o stalk_v which_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o year_n before_o shoot_v forth_o other_o leaf_n but_o they_o be_v not_o comparable_a to_o those_o of_o the_o first_o though_o they_o much_o exceed_v the_o wild_a indigo_n wherefore_o they_o reserve_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o second_o year_n product_v for_o seed_n that_o of_o the_o three_o year_n be_v as_o much_o infersour_n in_o goodness_n to_o that_o of_o the_o second_o as_o that_o be_v in_o comparison_n of_o that_o of_o the_o first_o and_o be_v therefore_o in_o no_o esteem_n among_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v onmade_v use_n of_o in_o the_o country_n in_o die_v of_o their_o clothes_n after_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o ground_n three_o year_n they_o let_v the_o land_n lie_v fallow_a for_o one_o year_n before_o they_o set_v it_o again_o the_o banyan_o in_o general_n be_v the_o most_o crafty_a trader_n in_o the_o world_n which_o make_v the_o muscovite_n as_o do_v also_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a in_o india_n employ_v those_o reside_v at_o astrachan_n and_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n employ_v they_o for_o their_o factor_n and_o hawkers_o as_o be_v the_o most_o likely_a to_o discover_v the_o cheat_v of_o their_o brethren_n in_o india_n both_o the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n reside_v at_o astrachan_n be_v very_o industrious_a in_o keep_v a_o constant_a correspondence_n with_o the_o indian_n and_o persian_n in_o their_o respective_a country_n but_o especial_o in_o all_o the_o seaport_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o it_o render_v the_o commerce_n with_o persia_n and_o consequent_o with_o the_o infidel_n very_o commodious_a to_o the_o muscovite_n among_o other_o the_o great_a city_n gangea_n one_o of_o the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o persia_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o trade_n upon_o the_o confluence_n of_o several_a river_n and_o the_o great_a crowd_n of_o stranger_n that_o resort_v thither_o on_o the_o account_n of_o traffic_n be_v frequent_o visit_v by_o the_o muscovian_a factor_n the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n but_o shamachie_n be_v the_o place_n shamachi_n the_o city_n of_o shamachi_n which_o chief_o furnish_v the_o muscovite_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o nearness_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n with_o such_o indian_a and_o persian_a commodity_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o this_o city_n be_v indeed_o former_o much_o big_a than_o it_o be_v now_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o have_v be_v about_o twenty_o year_n ago_o ruin_v by_o a_o eathquake_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o misfortune_n it_o be_v still_o very_o considerable_a there_o be_v not_o in_o all_o the_o persian_a empire_n a_o city_n where_o there_o be_v so_o general_a a_o resort_n of_o stranger_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o wit_n of_o armenian_n banyan_o georgian_n greek_n turk_n circasian_o and_o muscovite_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o have_v their_o particular_a caravansera_n or_o public_a storehouse_n where_o they_o truck_v their_o tin_n russia_n leather_n copper_n fur_n and_o other_o merchandise_n for_o the_o precious_a commodity_n of_o india_n and_o persia_n and_o which_o afterward_o be_v convey_v into_o to_o russia_n either_o by_o land_n by_o the_o way_n of_o derbent_n through_o the_o dagesthan_n and_o circasian_n tartar_n over_o the_o great_a desert_n of_o astrachan_n to_o the_o river_n wolga_n or_o else_o be_v ship_v in_o the_o road_n of_o nizora_n the_o most_o safe_a and_o most_o convenient_a for_o ship_n in_o all_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v carry_v up_o the_o wolga_n to_o the_o river_n oc●a_n and_o so_o by_o the_o inopea_n to_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o project_n which_o by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n have_v be_v set_v on_o foot_n of_o 〈◊〉_d a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o great_a river_n the_o wolga_n and_o the_o don_n will_v when_o perfect_v be_v of_o incredible_a advantage_n to_o the_o muscovite_n in_o trans●●●ing_v not_o only_o their_o own_o but_o all_o the_o sarick_a indian_a persian_a and_o chinese_n commodity_n into_o the_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n especial_o if_o his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n shall_v be_v so_o successful_a against_o the_o crim_n tartar_n as_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o caffa_n former_o so_o famous_a when_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o gene●ses_n and_o the_o port_n of_o erzotra_n situate_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n i_o have_v hitherto_o withal_o the_o enquiry_n i_o can_v make_v not_o be_v able_a to_o be_v full_o instruct_v in_o what_o place_n it_o be_v that_o this_o communication_n betwixt_o these_o two_o river_n be_v to_o be_v perfect_v but_o thus_o much_o be_v most_o probale_n that_o it_o must_v either_o be_v effect_v by_o cut_v a_o canal_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n wolga_n communication_n betwixt_o the_o river_n don_n and_o wolga_n near_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n where_o the_o don_n advance_v within_o seven_o league_n of_o the_o wolga_n for_o else_o by_o render_v the_o small_a river_n of_o kamous_a navigable_a which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o don_n fall_v below_o the_o say_a city_n of_o zaria_n behind_o the_o islle_v of_o zerpinsk_n into_o the_o river_n wolga_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o chinese_n trade_n in_o muscovy_n trade_n the_o chinese_n trade_n how_o the_o way_n thither_o be_v first_o discover_v and_o improve_v by_o the_o sable_a hunter_n of_o siberia_n and_o how_o by_o the_o river_n of_o obi_n genessay_n lena_n and_o yomour_n and_o by_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o sled_n draw_v by_o rain-deer_n during_o the_o winter_n season_n they_o carry_v on_o that_o trade_n have_v be_v circumstantial_o relate_v in_o the_o first_o part_n in_o that_o chapter_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o siberia_n we_o have_v therefore_o only_o thus_o much_o to_o add_v here_o that_o as_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n 〈◊〉_d muscovite_n maintain_v a_o constant_a correspondence_n with_o the_o indian_n and_o persian_n so_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o they_o call_v kitachi_n they_o keep_v up_o their_o communication_n with_o china_n these_o kitachi_n go_v common_o under_o the_o name_n of_o chineses_n in_o muscovy_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o muscovite_n call_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n betwixt_o the_o river_n oby_n the_o wolga_n and_o china_n which_o 〈◊〉_d proper_o the_o great_a tartary_n by_o the_o name_n of_o ka●●●_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o muscovite_n as_o we_o mention_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n have_v make_v such_o considerable_a discovery_n on_o that_o side_n of_o late_a year_n as_o to_o have_v build_v several_a city_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o colony_n on_o that_o side_n they_o have_v also_o by_o degree_n draw_v abundance_n of_o these_o wander_a people_n to_o these_o 〈◊〉_d where_o after_o once_o they_o become_v fix_v and_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o a_o settle_a life_n they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o russian_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o chinese_n trade_n by_o their_o correspondence_n with_o the_o several_a tartarian_a nation_n inhabit_v that_o spacious_a country_n betwixt_o siberia_n and_o