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not_o endanger_v the_o wall_n foundation_n and_o in_o cast_v out_o the_o earth_n you_o must_v separate_v the_o good_a from_o the_o bad_a that_o the_o trench_n may_v only_o be_v fill_v up_o again_o with_o the_o best_a and_o that_o the_o worst_a may_v not_o again_o be_v throw_v into_o it_o if_o you_o can_v leave_v this_o trench_n open_v a_o whole_a year_n before_o you_o fill_v it_o up_o again_o undoubted_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o bottom_n by_o so_o long_o lie_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n as_o also_o that_o which_o have_v be_v throw_v out_o will_v receive_v a_o very_a great_a advantage_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o give_v in_o the_o ten_o and_o twelve_o article_n of_o the_o chapter_n concern_v standard_n but_o beside_o that_o a_o man_n can_v very_o hardly_o
draw_v to_o cut_v off_o half_a of_o the_o root_n in_o plant_v they_o and_o not_o to_o meddle_v with_o the_o top_n till_o after_o winter_n and_o after_o you_o have_v well_o supply_v the_o root_n with_o small_a and_o light_a mould_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o trench_n you_o be_v to_o bank_n they_o up_o handsome_o with_o earth_n in_o their_o row_n or_o rank_n so_o that_o the_o plant_v be_v scarce_o see_v and_o after_o winter_n be_v past_a when_o they_o begin_v to_o put_v out_o in_o april_n you_o must_v cleanse_v they_o with_o your_o finger_n so_o as_o to_o leave_v no_o more_o than_o one_o burgeon_v or_o upright_o shoot_v only_o 4._o about_o three_o week_n before_o midsummer_n when_o fearn_n be_v yet_o tender_a it_o be_v very_o good_a to_o lay_v it_o green_a and_o fresh_a get_v about_o the_o rank_n or_o row_n at_o the_o same_o time_n you_o have_v labour_v they_o to_o preserve_v the_o freshness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o incommodate_v those_o little_a tree_n that_o have_v not_o yet_o strength_n to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o then_o in_o the_o labour_n you_o bestow_v upon_o they_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a not_o to_o touch_v the_o root_n it_o will_v therefore_o be_v sufficient_a to_o stir_v the_o earth_n half_a a_o spade_n graft_v near_o unto_o the_o row_n provide_v you_o give_v they_o in_o the_o middle_a their_o due_a and_o usual_a depth_n when_o winter_n shall_v be_v come_v you_o shall_v bury_v this_o fearn_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o trench_n or_o gutter_n to_o the_o end_n it_o there_o may_v rot_v and_o bare_a the_o tree_n by_o take_v away_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v shoulder_v and_o mould_v up_o yet_o so_o nevertheless_o that_o there_o still_o remain_v something_o above_o the_o ordinary_a level_n of_o the_o plot_n to_o defend_v the_o tree_n from_o the_o frost_n of_o the_o season_n 5._o you_o must_v the_o spring_n follow_v take_v the_o first_o fair_a weather_n in_o march_n to_o labour_v this_o nursery_n and_o in_o labour_v it_o the_o gardiner_z be_v with_o his_o spade_n to_o chap_v and_o mince_v the_o fearn_n that_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o that_o will_v then_o be_v half_o rot_v with_o which_o mix_v with_o earth_n he_o shall_v again_o bank_n up_o the_o tree_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n he_o do_v with_o simple_a earth_n at_o the_o plant_n of_o they_o and_o be_v to_o continue_v so_o to_o do_v three_o or_o four_o year_n successive_o till_o the_o tree_n shall_v be_v grow_v of_o sufficient_a strength_n to_o be_v graft_v 6._o as_o the_o plant_n increase_v in_o growth_n you_o be_v still_o to_o cleanse_v it_o from_o all_o the_o little_a branch_n it_o shoot_v forth_o for_o half_a a_o foot_n above_o the_o earth_n to_o keep_v that_o part_n clean_o where_o the_o graft_n be_v to_o be_v place_v but_o you_o be_v to_o cut_v nothing_o high_o than_o that_o nor_o by_o any_o mean_v the_o stock_n that_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n at_o all_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o import_v not_o after_o what_o manner_n the_o wood_n grow_v that_o be_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o when_o the_o tree_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v graft_v and_o it_o will_v mighty_o hinder_v its_o growth_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o sap_n evaporate_v by_o the_o wound_v you_o make_v in_o cut_v the_o little_a branch_n and_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o yet_o but_o small_a and_o weak_a instead_o of_o preserve_v and_o fortify_v itself_o waste_v and_o consume_v away_o to_o nothing_o 7._o if_o your_o pepin-stock_n be_v plant_v in_o a_o good_a soil_n and_o husband_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o will_v in_o the_o four_o year_n be_v ready_a to_o be_v graft_v and_o then_o you_o must_v observe_v to_o put_v but_o one_o graft_n upon_o a_o stock_n how_o thick_a soever_o it_o may_v be_v which_o graft_n ought_v also_o to_o be_v proportion_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o be_v choose_v big_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o other_o 8._o you_o be_v to_o cut_v the_o stock_n you_o graft_v upon_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o hindsfoot_o for_o as_o much_o as_o after_o this_o sort_n the_o tree_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o bark_v over_o again_o and_o do_v much_o soon_o cover_v the_o wound_n 9_o you_o be_v ever_o to_o observe_v to_o place_v the_o backside_n of_o the_o cut_n towards_o the_o south_n that_o the_o sun_n may_v not_o dart_v plum_n down_o upon_o it_o and_o cause_v it_o to_o rift_v or_o chap_v for_o which_o reason_n also_o you_o be_v to_o take_v good_a heed_n that_o the_o clay_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o be_v so_o well_o temper_v as_o not_o to_o crack_v off_o and_o leave_v the_o part_n where_o it_o be_v graft_v open_a and_o naked_a a_o maxim_n which_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n whatever_o that_o you_o cut_v 10._o the_o graft_n in_o cleave_a be_v the_o best_a and_o the_o most_o usual_a for_o standard_n we_o do_v not_o common_o think_v of_o any_o other_o for_o these_o sort_n of_o nursery_n not_o that_o inoculate_v be_v not_o very_o good_a especial_o for_o pear-tree_n but_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a for_o stone-fruit_n and_o quince_n than_o for_o apple_n and_o pear_n upon_o pepin-stock_n and_o appletree_n come_v on_o very_o slow_o when_o graft_v after_o this_o manner_n 11._o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o season_n in_o the_o year_n wherein_o you_o may_v not_o graft_v for_o all_o summer_n long_o and_o in_o autumn_n you_o may_v inoculate_v and_o in_o winter_n you_o may_v graft_v after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n nevertheless_o the_o best_a and_o most_o certain_a season_n for_o this_o sort_n of_o graft_v be_v in_o march_n and_o then_o in_o the_o decrease_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o for_o gather_v your_o graft_n you_o may_v indifferent_o do_v it_o either_o in_o the_o wain_n or_o the_o increase_n 12._o you_o be_v ever_o to_o cull_v your_o graft_n from_o well-liking_a tree_n and_o that_o be_v in_o their_o year_n of_o bear_v that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o be_v well_o knot_v with_o blossom_n for_o the_o tree_n you_o graft_v will_v evermore_o retain_v the_o estate_n and_o condition_n in_o which_o the_o tree_n be_v from_o which_o he_o derive_v his_o graft_n at_o the_o time_n it_o be_v take_v from_o it_o and_o will_v common_o bear_v exceed_o well_o if_o the_o tree_n which_o impart_v its_o whole_a nature_n to_o it_o be_v then_o well_o set_v with_o fruit_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o will_v remain_v barren_a and_o very_o rare_o bear_v any_o fruit_n if_o the_o mother-tree_n be_v then_o in_o her_o year_n of_o repose_n 13._o when_o the_o graft_n begin_v to_o put_v out_o you_o be_v to_o clean_o it_o with_o your_o finger_n so_o that_o only_o one_o sprout_n remain_v to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v not_o fork_n and_o that_o the_o entire_a vigour_n of_o the_o tree_n may_v go_v to_o maintain_v the_o branch_n you_o will_v preserve_v but_o after_o that_o you_o be_v no_o more_o either_o to_o cleanse_v or_o cut_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o tree_n what_o branch_n or_o sprout_n soever_o it_o may_v put_v out_o till_o the_o three_o year_n and_o than_o you_o be_v not_o only_o to_o take_v away_o the_o unprofitable_a one_o but_o moreover_o form_n the_o tree_n into_o the_o figure_n wherein_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v understand_v for_o tree_n that_o you_o raise_v in_o standard_n 14._o in_o your_o nursery_n your_o appletree_n ought_v to_o be_v separate_v from_o your_o pear-tree_n and_o to_o observe_v a_o exact_a decorum_n indeed_o your_o different_a fruit_n ought_v to_o be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o several_a rank_n or_o range_n of_o tree_n in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n i_o intend_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o fruit_n together_o with_o the_o manner_n of_o choose_v and_o dispose_n of_o they_o 15._o you_o may_v also_o graft_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n observe_v the_o same_o rule_n apple_n of_o all_o sort_n upon_o little_a apple_n of_o paradise_n for_o dwarf-tree_n which_o prosper_v exceed_o well_o and_o prove_v very_o 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persuade_v himself_o to_o so_o much_o patience_n it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o the_o wall_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n will_v fall_v or_o be_v very_o much_o weaken_v the_o foundation_n of_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n whole_o lay_v open_a the_o earth_n be_v thus_o throw_v out_o you_o shall_v then_o lay_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o trench_n a_o bed_n of_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o eight_o inch_n thick_a of_o good_a fat_a earth_n draw_v a_o year_n or_o two_o before_o out_o of_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o marish_a or_o fishpond_n and_o well_o consume_v in_o that_o time_n or_o turf_n dig_v out_o of_o some_o green_a highway_n where_o there_o be_v only_o short_a grass_n and_o no_o twitchgrass_n nor_o other_o sort_n that_o devour_v the_o fatness_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o turf_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v flay_v off_o above_o four_o inch_n thick_a and_o be_v get_v betimes_o in_o the_o year_n be_v excellent_a for_o tree_n for_o the_o salt_n of_o this_o earth_n which_o have_v long_o lie_v 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sort_n of_o dung_n and_o manure_v 7._o it_o be_v of_o very_o great_a importance_n to_o give_v all_o these_o manuring_n to_o the_o earth_n you_o prepare_v for_o espallier_n at_o the_o first_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o tree_n be_v once_o plant_v you_o may_v not_o need_v to_o give_v it_o any_o more_o improvement_n at_o least_o of_o a_o very_a long_a time_n after_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n also_o when_o the_o tree_n shall_v come_v to_o bear_v the_o dung_n be_v total_o consume_v and_o turn_v to_o earth_n will_v give_v no_o ill_a relish_n to_o the_o fruit_n they_o shall_v produce_v which_o ofttimes_o fall_v out_o when_o they_o lie_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o dung_n to_o tree_n already_o settle_v in_o their_o place_n 8._o if_o peradventure_o you_o shall_v not_o have_v sufficient_a store_n of_o dung_n plentiful_o to_o furnish_v the_o bottom_n and_o your_o upper_a bed_n too_o you_o must_v then_o dispose_v the_o great_a quantity_n into_o the_o bottom_n still_o reserve_v some_o but_o the_o 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