another manner of Vessel for the same use as you may see in the Figure SZX PROP. 18. Of the Value or Suspiral IT will be also necessarie for the understanding of the following Engin to demonstrate the manner of the value of Copper which openeth it self by intervals to the intent that if the Air may enter into the Vessels from beneath and shut it self when the said Vessels are full to the end that the Water pass not out by it The which value shall be figured thus Let HIKL be a smal box of Lead about one inch and a half in diameter and 3 inches long very wel Soldered within the said box is the value GDCE made after this manner GD is a smal Pipe of Copper about ¼ of an inch and towards the end D there are two smal props which hang the tongue or value of Copper C which falls upon the hole D to shut it when there is need there is also to the box HIKL a smal Pipe XM the lower part of which is soldered to the Pipe OC Then to see the effect of the said value Let us suppose that there is two Pipes to the Pipe CO the one to emptie it and the other to fill it and let the Pipe X be stopped which is that which fils the said Vessel and let B be opened then the Water that comes from the Vessel draws in the Air by the smal Pipe DG and lifts up the Copper tongue C and B Being stopt it shuts it self and when the Water hath filled the Vessels CO and HIL the said Water pressing the value against the end C there shall no Water come forth PROP. 19. Of the Cock with four Vents THis Figure following is set down to shew more distinctly the manner of the Cock D whose barrel is pierced in 4 places to the end that the key C turning either one way or the other in the required time the Water may sometimes run out by E and sometimes by F and that F or E may run when the hole of the key C shall agree with the one or the other of them It shall also emptie by means of the Vessel M as the Cock H shuts when one of the Pipes is opened and then when the said Pipe shuts to make the other Run then the Cock shall open again by means of the counter-pois GL and the Pullies K. As you see it in the figure A Description of the Engin by which part of the Water is raised higher then the Spring TO come to the Construction of this Engin First let there be made 4. Pipes of Copper or of thick Lead sufficient to bear the strength of the Water and Air and let them be 6. inches in Diameter and 6. or 7. foot long marked in the Figure with the letter A and let the little Pipes E be Soldered to the ends of them at the bottom so as the Water may be communicated from one to the other furthermore let there be Soldered four smal Pipes F above the Pipes A to the intent that the Air be communicated from the one to the other also let four little Pipes marked with the figure 3 be Soldered which are those by which the Water ascends and they must be Soldered a travers above the great Pipes and the end entring within almost to the bottom Moreover there must be four other great Pipes made like to the first the which shall be put asmuch lower as you would raise the Water higher then the Spring and let the smal Pipes D be Soldered in them to the end that the Air may enter there when the Water enters by the Pipes C and therefore let them be Soldered above and let there be four Pipes at I communicating all the Water to the Pipe GH and let the Cock L be Soldered to the bottom of that Pipe and above at the top let the value K be Soldered made as is before described in the 18th Proposition and let the Pipes D and F be made common by one Pipe moreover let the smal Vessel S be made which may have the sides about the height of one foot and upon the bottom of it by the base of the Emboiteure let there be Soldered the Cock N to which Cock let there be the Pipes O and P the which Pipe P shall go almost to the bottom of one of the Pipes marked with A and O shall be conducted almost to the bottom of the Pipes C also at the top of the Vessel S let there be the smal Pipe V to give Water to the Vessel Y when it is required which Vessel Y shall be of Copper having a smal hole at the bottom Concerning the motion whereof it hath been declared in the foregoing Examples There must be also a Counterpoise M to the intent that when the Vessel Y shall be empty it may draw back by its weight as well the Vessel as the Cocks in their place Behold here somuch as concerns the Fabrick and disposition of the Pipes We come now to the effect Let T be the height of the Spring and let the Water run into the Vessel S and let the Pipe P be open then the Vessels A shall be filled and when they are full the Water shall begin to run by the smal Pipe V into the Vessel Y the which being full and then being heavier then the weight M shall descend towards R and shut both the Cock L and the Pipe P and then the Water falling into S shall run by the Pipe O into the Pipes C the Air of which Pipes passing through the Pipe D into the Pipes F presseth the Water which is in A and constraines it to ascend by 3. Now when A is empty and C full the Vessel Y shall be also made light by means of the smal Pipe Z which empties the said Vessel about the same time as C is filled then the same Vessell Y ascends again in its place and P opens as it was before to fill the Pipes A. And so this Engin moves continually by which the Water is raised higher then the Spring of the height as is between the Pipes A and the Pipes C. Behold here that which was to be demonstrated touching this Engin which among all the Phneumatique Engins is that which with less force raiseth greatest quantity of Water And as concerning other inventions to Conduct the Water of Springs or Falling Waters or to make them Navigable or to raise Water out of Rivers by divers waies in great aboundance for the use of Towns Royall Houses or Pallaces shall be demonstrated in that which follows It is here to be noted that the Frame of Timber upon which the Pipes are put and the Pullies fastened in the foregoing Figures are not there described Because they would have hindred the full Sight of all the parts of this Engin The Explanation of the PLATES and FIGURES Following The first Plate Eigure I. To raise Water by the currant of a River and the
of the Whistle put into the Water to immitate the Singing of Birds The Explanation of Plate VIII To make an Engin which shall move of itself THere have been divers Men which have Travelled to find out a motion which they have called without knowledge Perpetual or without end a thing very ill considered and ill understood because all that which hath a beginning is subject to have an end and the word Perpetual or without end ought to be applyed to God alone who as he had no begining cannot also have an end so as it is folly and deceit in Men to make themselves beleeve that they can make perpetual Works seeing that themselves are mortal and subject to an end so also are all their works Therefore I will leave those words of Perpetual or without end and will shew the Fabrick of an Engin which shall move of it self seeing it is Intertained of the four Elements of which it is composed and the reason of its motion shall be Heat or want of Heat which shall serve as a Counter-pois to that Engin as may be seen here by the Construction Let there be a Vessel of Lead or Copper about a foot and a halâ— square very close and Soldered on every side which shall have a Pipe in the middle marked with DE the end E shall be neer the bottom of the Vessel leaving onely room for the Water to pass the other end D shall be well Soldered against the top of the Vessel and it shall have also a vent marked with F afterwards you must raise up the two sides of the Engin NM so as the Axtree O with the Pully G may turn easily and may shew the motion of the said Engin without the side M the motion of which Engin with the Index is opposite to the said Axtree there must be also the border PQ Soldered upon the Vessel the which shall serve when you will to put Water into the Vessel and also when the Water ascends by the Pipe ED that it might not scatter abroad all this being well and justly made powr Water into the said Vessel by D E till it be about the third part full and while you put the Water in open the vent F But when the Water is in stopp it very well Then you must have a little bal of Copper very light marked with the letter L the which may float upon the Water and shall be fastned by a smal thred so as the said bal may Ascend and Descend by the Pipe DE when the Water riseth and falls also the said thred to which the bal is fastned must pass over the Pully G to the end of which thred is fastned a smal Counter-pois R as the whole may be well seen in the Figure Afterwards you may put the said Engin in a Chamber where the Sun shines in at Noon Then when it is made a little hot the bal is raised up and the Counter-pois deprest which will turn the Index and will shew the height that the bal is mounted and as it is colder the bal Descends and so as the Times change so the bal riseth and falls You must note that if the Vessel be one foot and a half high and being filled a third part with Water there shall remain one foot for the bal to rise and fall and making the Pully four inches in Diameter then it shall turn one Turn if the bal be raised up to the end D so that dividing the Dyal into twelve equal parts each part shall shew an inch that the bal hath risen or fallen As concerning the use of this Engin it will serve to shew the temper of the Air and whether the dayes are Hott or Cold or Temperate The Explanation of Plate IX IN this Plate there are two Figures marked with 1 and 2 the first marked with 1 is a Clock of an other manner which may be made in places where there is found no running Spring First there is made a Vessel of Copper or Lead as the Figure A the which shall hold about a Hogshead of Water this Vessel shall be square and somewhat higher then it is broad in which there shall be a little Vessel of Copper marked with F which shall be also square very close and Soldered on every side the which is to float upon the Water of the said Vessel A afterwards there must be a Syphon or Crooked Pipe made as the Figure BCD doth demonstrate the which must pass through a Pipe of Copper which shall be in the middle of the little Vessel and the said Pipe must pass from one part of the said Vessel to the other and the Syphon must enter into it with some force and the end of the said Syphon must enter into the Water of the Vessel A and above at the point C there is fastned a Cord passing over the Pully L and at the other end the Counter-pois E shall be fastned and there shall be fastned an Index to the end of the Axtree I the which shall shew the Hours on the Dyal OP and after the Vessel A is filled the Vessel F is put into it as hath been said and also the Syphon and Counter-pois then you shall draw the Water of the said Syphon at the end D with the mouth and because the said end is lower then the level of the Water of the Vessel A the said Water shall have its course and shall fall in an other Vessel marked with H and according to the measure that the Water of the said Vessel Descends the smal Vessel F Descends with the Syphon which causeth the Pully to turn and consequently the Hand of the Dyal To justen the course of the Hours you must lengthen or shorten the Syphon in the Copper Pipe of the smal Vessel for putting the said Syphon more into the Water it shall run Swifter and on the contrary drawing it back it shall make it run flower it must also be noted to make it go very true it is necessary to fit a smal Pipe to the end D the end of which where the smal hole is by which the water runs shall be of fine Gold to the intent that the said hole may not wear which it will do if it be either of Lead or Copper and when the Vessel A shall be near empty you shall raise it again with a smal Pump marked with G. In the second Figure of this Plate marked by the figure 2. There is declared the manner of a very Subtile Engin to raise a standing Water by means of the Sun THis Engin hath a great effect in Hot Places as in Spain and Italie because the Sun shines in those places almost alwaies with great Heat especially in the Summer The construction whereof is thus You must have four Vessels of Copper well Soldered round about each of which shall be about a foot square and eight or nine inches high the said Vessels are marked with ABC and D and there must
turn a Rowlet to which a strong Cord is made fast which shall draw back the said peece and draw up the Counter-pois and then you may put the peece a little toward one side so as the Saws may take the said peece again The Explanation of Plate XII An Engin of great service to Bore Elms or other Trees to make Pipes to conveigh Water and for other uses LEt there be a water Wheel to the Axtree whereof let there be fastned a Wheel of thirty six Teeth or more according to the swiftness of the Water Wheel for if it turn slow there must be the more Teeth and there must be a Pinion of six which is turned by the aforesaid Toothed Wheel as may be seen in the Figure and to the Axtree of the said Pinion there shall be joyned a long Auger marked with the letter A which shall be put through a hole marked with B to be opened and shut as occasion shall require as in a Turners Lathe then the Tree to be bored is to be placed fast upon a fram marked with CD so as the said fram may slide easily by the means of certain little Wheels which are in the holow thereof and turn upon strong pins so as one Man may put forward or draw back the said Tree when it shall be fastned upon the said fram and so the Auger turning the Man shall put the end of the said Tree against it and when it hath entred it two or three inches he must draw back the said Tree to draw out the chipps of the Auger otherwise it will be in danger of breaking and so you must continue alwaies to draw back the said Tree at the piercing of every three or four inches to take away the Chips till the hole be quite through And afterwards if you would have the hole wider you must take such an Auger as the Figure E represents which shall widen the hole which was before made The Explanation of Plate XIII A rare and necessary Engin by which you may give great reliefe to Houses that are on Fire THis Engin is much practised in Germany and it hath been seen what great and ready help it may bring for although the fire be 40 foot high the said Engin shall there cast its Water by help of four or five Men lifting up and putting down a long handle in form of a Lever where the handle of the Pump is fastned the said Pump is easily understood There are two Suckers within it one below to open when the handle is lifted up and to shut when it is put down and an other to open to let out the Water and at the end of the said Engin there is a Man which holds the Copper Pipe A turning it to and again to the Place where the fire shall be The Explanation of Plate XIIII To represent divers Birds which shall Sing diversly when an Owl turns towards them and when the said Owl turns back again they shall cease their Singing THis motion hath formerly been represented by Hero of Alexandria but not with so great variety of Birds as I will here represent it Therefore let there be a water Wheel as A the which shall turn in a Case of Lead or Copper marked with C the which case shall serve to keep the Water from scataring abroad and spoyling the motion and the Axtree of the said Wheel shall rest upon two round holes which shall be on the sides of the said Case and at one end of the said Axtree which cometh through the same Case there shall be a Pinion of 8 Teeth marked with D which shall turn a Barrel of 12. or 15. inches also there must be 3 conveiances for the wind marked with EFG to which there are Soldered 3 Cocks whereof the Keys are made as MO to the end that when the Barrel turns the pins Q and R they may make the said conveiances open to let the Air into divers Whistels the which shall make several different Tunes according to the Fabrick of those Whistles and the disposition of the Pins and Touches Q and R. And moreover you may give a certain motion to the Tayls and Beacks of the Birds if you put certain strings to the Keys of the Cocks as the Figure declares As concerning the motion of the Owl which turns forward and backward in a certain space of Time the motion of it may be seen by the turning Vessel X and the smal Lever 3 and 4. where there is the Counter-pois 8 for this Vessel descends when it is full and makes the Counter-pois to rise and the pin of the Lever stops the Barrel by means of the pin marked 6 which is at the end thereof and so the Birds cease their Singing then when the Owl shall be towards them and when the Vessel X is void shee shall turn again by the means of the Counter-pois and the Barrel shall begin to turn As the Figure will demonstrate to you very exactly The Explanation of Plate XV An Engin by which Galata shall be presented which shall be drawn upon the Water by two Dolphins going in a right line and returning of her self while a Cyclope plaies upon a Flajolet LEt there be a water Wheel marked with L the breadth whereof is separated in the middle and that on one side the Boxes where the Water fals be made to turn toward the right hand and on the other side they be made to turn toward the left hand and to the Axtree of the said Wheel there is a Pinion which turns a toothed Wheel marked with Z and the said Wheel hath an Axtree also divided into two parts marked with I and H and to the said Axtree are two Chains fastned so that when the said Axtree turns one of the said Chains may turn about it and the other unturn the which Chains pass about the Pullies GF and are both fastned to the Pully B but one shall pass by E so as when one turns the Axtree IH by the means of the water Wheel the one of the said Chains may draw the said Pully B towards the motion but if the water Wheel be made to turn the other way then the Chain which passeth through the Pully E shall draw the Pully B to it self and the other Chain shall let it go in proportion and as concerning the said Pully B it shall be put upon a Pipe of Copper so as there may be a Plate of Copper under the said Pully between the two long stones C and D so as the said Pully may slide easily upon the said Stones Then there shall be a smal Box of Lead or Copper marked with P about a foot and a half long and broad to which there is a Valve Soldered to the bottom marked with R and at the end of the base thereof a Pipe marked with N and at the middle of the said Box on the side there is a Pipe marked with O and between the space of the said
force of a Pump THIS Engin commonly called a Pump is called by Vitruvius and Hero the Stesibique Engin retaining the name of the Inventor thereof which was Stesibius of Alexandria I will shew three waies to raise Water by this Engin The first shall be by the currant of a River as the Figure Shews where there is a water Wheel and at each end of the Axeltree of the said Wheel is a handle of strong Brass and forged to sustain the force and weight of the said Wheel and if the said Wheel be ten feet broad and twelve feet in Diameter the said handle shall be at least four inches square and shal be rounded in the middle at the places marked with A and there shal be also two peeces of wood called Levers marked with the letters B and C fitted to the arm of the said handles the one of which riseth and the other goeth down when the Wheel turns and the said Levers shal be also fitted to two arms or branches marked with D and E the which raiseth the Buckets and Suckers of the Pumps Alternately and so the Water shall be raised to the Vessel F And from thence you may conduct it whither you please As concerning the height which it ought to rise I am of opinion that it must not be constrained to rise more then thirty feet in height with one Pump as shall be taught in the following Probleme the great Pipe G is the place where the Sucker lyes which sustains the Water when the Buckets or Suckers of the Pumps are not lifted up The Figure with the ordinary practice which is had of Pumps will make you easily understand this Engin And if the currant of the River be strong and it is required to have store of Water you may make the Diameter within the Barrells ten or twelve inches and the height eight or nine Foot And to make it well the Buckets ought to rise and fall four foot and when they are at their greatest height that they may have four foot of Water above them to the intent that the Air may not escape for if the Water be not high enough between the top of the Barrel and the Bucket the Air will pass thorough the Water by bubbles and make the Engin useless and especially when the Water is forced to rise above fifteen or twenty foot Therefore you must take heed that that accident do not happen The proportion also of the Pipes MNO shall be about four inches in Diameter if the aBrrels be twelve if the said Barrels be less the said Pipes shall be less in proportion The Explanation of the Second Figure Plate II. Another way to raise Water by means of a falling Water THis other manner of raising of Water is done by a falling Water raised so as it may fall upon the Wheel A to turn it and in turning it to raise the Water of the Pump B to 24. or 30. feet high and the other side C takes the said Water in the first elevation in the Trough D and may raise it from thence 24. or 30. feet high The aforegoing Figure will give the manner and way of the raising of the Water in the first height and the second height is done after the same manner as may easily be comprehended by the Figure the which Figure is not made high enough according to the proportion of the measures because the Paper would not permit but you may easily imagine the said height as it ought to be Explanation of Plate III. To raise the Water of a Spring or River by the force of Horses BUt if there is not a River strong enough nor a falling currant the Water may be raised by the means and force of one Horse or more according to the quantity and the heigth which is desired This present designe is made to raise the Water 60. foot high and four Horses will raise about 60. in an hours time which is about 30000. pound weight Therefore first let there be a straight Axeltree of wood a foot square and 60. foot high marked with A the which turns between two Pins and above near the end there is a Wheel of 24 Teeth marked with B the which turns a Lanthorn or Pinion of 12. Staves marked with C and a Wheel of eighteen Teeth marked D. But there are but nine Teeth in the half of the Circumference the other half is void and there are also two other Wheels marked with E and F of equal bigness and also nine Teeth on each Wheel and let the toothed part of all the three Wheels be put above then there must be a Pully put above marked with G over which a Cord must pass the which must be fastned by the two ends to the Axeltrees of the Wheels C and F so as turning about one of the Wheels it may unturn the other as you may see and better consider in the Figure of the Orthographie following Then you must put the said Wheels E and F against D so as D turning alwaies the same way may make E turn half a turn and then when it shall be in the last Tooth the first of the Wheel F shall represent it self against the Wheel D because the Wheel E shall make it turn back again by means of the common Cord and Pully G and after the said Wheel D hath catcht the first Tooth of F it shall continue to the ninth and afterwards the first of the Wheel E shall represent it self again And so the two Wheels E and F shall turn forward and backward half a turn alternately and to the Axeltree H and L there shall be fastned two strong Cords which shall draw up the two Buckets which go into the Barrels M and N and have about three feet play rising and falling and they shall be made of Brass well fitted within the Barrels and that they may descend of themselves without being constrained And so there is no Leather put about the Buckets as is ordinarily done in common Pumps And it is to be noted that the swifter the Buckets come up so much the more Water they raise which may be observed in all sorts of Pumps It is also to be noted that the two Transverse peeces OP ought to be but one peece to the which the other Transvers peece Q ought to be joyned in the which the four ends of the Axeltrees of the Wheels BCEF do turn The Explanation of Plate IIII. This Plate gives a larger demonstration of the former by means of the Orthographie FOr the better understanding of the foregoing Figure I have represented here the plain of the Orthographie to the end that by it you may understand the motion and meetings of the three Wheels EDF Let then each of those Wheels have nine Teeth in the half Circumference and let that part of the Wheels that hath the Teeth in them be turned upwards so as the first Tooth of the one meet with the Teeth of the Wheel