Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	foot_n	half_a	inch_n	1,859	5	11.0254	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30109	A view of the people of the vvhole vvorld, or, A short survey of their policies, dispositions, naturall deportments, complexions, ancient and moderne customes, manners, habits & fashions a worke every where adorned with philosophicall, morall, and historicall observations on the occasions of their mutations & changes throughout all ages : for the readers greater delight figures are annexed to most of the relations / scripsit J.B. ...; Anthropometamorphosis	J. B. (John Bulwer), fl. 1648-1654.	1654 (1654)	Wing B5470; ESTC R3856	290,691	513

and cartilaginious are easily wrested and drawn out of their naturall scituation which afterwards by degrees harden into an excrescence which he had observed in many Hereupon becomming crook-backt and lame the naturall proportion of the body is depraved and the body made incommensurate for whereas a measure taken from the Crown of mans head to the sole of his foot should answer to the distance between the middle finger of his right hand to the middle finger of his left hand when the Armes are stretched out to the full length this proportion cannot be observed in crook-backt men and hence they are justly accounted unproportioned The providence that is to be used in the swathing of Infants is a thing of high concernment and therefore there cannot be too much said thereof Take therefore what Mercatus hath of this matter Cautions in ordering Infants This saith he ought alwaies to be the care of Nurses Mercat de Infant Educat l. 1. that when they swathe their Children they endeavour to touch and handle every part of their body gently and carefully to divide that lightly which is to be divided and to extend that which is to be extended and depresse that which is to be depressed and to fashion every part according to the innate and more comly proportion of each part yet they must do it with a tender compression and with the very ends of their fingers too But swath-bands being provided for that purpose for the right ordering of the structure of the body if there be need they must gently and softly revoake and rectifie the members but if they be formed according to Nature they ought in no wise inconsiderately to touch them because oftentimes they fall into worse condition through the carelesnesse of those that handle them and for that cause they must not only be very carefull to swathe their Children but also in laying of them down when they are swathed lest some part should chance to remain awry or ill figured They must also gently squeese the bladder that they may the more easily make water Moreover the hands and armes are to be extended to the knees They must lightly bring the feet on both sides backward to the back and before to the head that they may learne to bend every part which ought to be bent yet they ought not to remaine setled upon the belly lest they prejudice the Entralls neither againe ought they to hold them with their face downwards untill they are swathed all over For it is better first to compose the swathbands that being laid they may receive the Infant upon his back yet they must observe this caution lest in swathing them a leg or an arme the backe or the neck be by any meanes distorted Our Custome of swathing children condemned they ought to cleane the Nose and to wipe the eyes with a gentle linnen cloath and thus after they have suckt sufficiently to lull them asleep by very gentle motions of the Cradle for by violent rockings the Epilepsie ariseth And it is better from the third month that they should be carried and in the Nurses armes lull'd asleep also you must take heed that you bind them not too strictly for that oftentimes is the cause of gibbosity and crookednesse neither therefore ought they to be too loose because their members are wont to lose the naturall figure and acquire that which in the relaxed space can be acquired Moreover we ought not to permit them forthwith nor in the Summer time to have their armes at liberty before the space of three months and in the Winter not before foure yet the right hand must for some few daies be first taken out that thereby they may become right-handed indeed their hands are weakned and their fingers for the most part are depraved with crookednesse Also after nine months you may suffer them to put on shooes about which time they will be able to trample on the ground and to hold themselves upright and that they may do twice or thrice in a day and afterwards compell them by little and little and by degrees to go by steps so that by that labour you do not very much enforce them but gently untill they attaining more strength desire it of themselves and may without harme endure it We in England are noted to have a most perverse custome of swathing Children and streightning their Breasts Which narrownesse of Breast occasioned by hard and strict swadling them is the cause of many inconveniences and dangerous consequences For all the bones of new-borne Infants The naturall proportion of the Breasts especially the Ribs of the Breast are very tender and flexible that you may draw them to what figure you please which when they are too strictly swathed with Bands reduce the Breast to so narrow a scantling as is apt to endanger not only the health but the life of Children For hence it is that the greatest part of us are so subject to a Consumption and distillations which shorten our daies and bring us to an untimely Grave For they who have more streight and narrow Breasts are necessarily made opportune to spitting of bloud distillations and the inflamations of the parts of the Breast since the Lungs in such grow very hot for when the rest of the body retaines its proportion and due magnitude and the Breast is made narrower more bloud is collected about the Breast than it can digest or expell from it selfe whence neasting in those cavities especially of the Arterious veines or veine-Arterie degenerates into the causes of many diseases Moreover the Breast it selfe corrected is very much weakned whereupon the bloud flowing thither hotter or sticking there becoming sharpe doth easily erode the vessels neither is Nature now able to defend her selfe any longer The Breast hath an Ovall figure in its naturall magnitude it doth make eight Geometricall inches to wit that which begins at the throat-bone and is terminated in the sword-like cartilage the Back from the first Vertebra of the Breast to the end of the twelfth or reaching to the beginning of the first of the Loines obtaines a Geometricall foot and one inch So that the Breast is shorter than the Back by five Inches the sides run out from the Clavicula to the end of the Breast where the Bastard-Ribs end and have nine inches and a halfe the Perepheria of the Breast is two Geometricall foot and two Inches Swathing a cause of the Rickets If you render your breadth it is narrowed an Inch If you take it in it is dilated two Inches this is the naturall proportion Now when either by Nature or this foolish violence of Art the Breast by compressing is made narrower and unproportioned the Scapulae usually appeare prominent and they become such as Hipocrates calls Alatos and by that figure obnoxious to a Phtysique the back-bone not only being hurt and they made gibbous but the Lungs thereupon cannot preserve their figure the best prescription

See the preceding page for the Figure Little Feet affected SCENE XXIII Leg and Foot-fashions or certaine Legs and Feet in esteeme with divers Nations Mr Grimston saith Grimst in his estate of China they hold it for a great grace to have little Feet and for this cause from their Infancy they bind up their Feet hard which they endure patiently for they that have the least Feet are held the properest women But this custome comes not only from their curiosity but also from the jealousie of men that have brought it in to the end that they should not be able to go but with paine and that going slowly and with a bad grace they should have no great desire to go out of their houses And this custome is so ancient and received in this Country as it hath in a manner the force of a Law so that that mother who should breake it in the breeding of their Daughters should incur the Note of Infamy and be punished In the great Caanes Kingdome Sr Joh. Mand. Travels c. 106. the Gentry of a woman is to have small Feet and therefore as soone as they are borne they bind their feet so streight that they cannot wax halfe so big as they should I beleeve this matter to most men will seeme prodigious and incredible No man would ever have beleeved these things before he saw them with his eyes nay what is it I pray you that seemeth not a wonder at the first sight how many things are judged impossible before they are seene done and effected and certes to speake a truth The naturall proportion of the Feet the power of Art over Nature seemeth incredible unlesse a man enter into a full consideration of the practicall force and efficacy thereof Howell Epist The Spanish women also are observed to have little Feet but whether they use any Artifice to advance that beauty I have not yet discovered This is so remarkable in them that whereas the vote of the Proverbe for a handsome woman would have her English to the Neck French to the Waste and Dutch below an observing Traveller addes for hands and feet let her be Spanish for they have the least of any Men and women have the greatest Feet in proportion of all Creatures yet Females ordinarily in every kind have lesse and slenderer feet than Males Which Ordinance of Nature the affectation of these people to their own disadvantage hath extended beyond her intention Man only by the advantage of the straightnesse of his Legs goeth upright the proper use of the Foot being to walke and the action is walking and therefore the Foot is called Instrumentum ambulatorium or a walking Instrument this walking is when one Leg resheth upon the ground and the other is brought about forward the resting is the action of the Foot properly so called the reach forward the action of the Leg and therefore an ambulation is made by station and motion that is standing and proceeding the Foot it selfe is the Instrument of the former and the whole Leg of the latter Now for assured and constant or firme station Man alone as he hath Palmes of his Hands so he only hath broad flat Soles to his Feet and also for the accomplishment of those many motions whereof we stand in need the structure and figure of the Foot and Leg is such as we see for it is divided into divers joints Shooes Sandals c besides nature and the Toes are made long and broad not so long as in the hands but only as was necessary to fasten the feet when we would strive to run For if the Toes be pressed unto the ground it is strange with how much strength and security the body is driven forward for the Toes being bent in the going are fastened upon the ground as so many Anchors and so commodiously transfer our bodies not only upon plaine but also upon ascending and rugged places as we may observe in those who live upon mountaines our mountaines of Wales confirme this where they go barefoot from whence we may collect saith Varolius that shooes or any other induments of the Feet are besides Nature and very prejudiciall to the action of the Toes and Feet Xenophon in Laconum Reipub Stobaeus Serm. 42. Which Lycurgus the Law-giver had respect unto when he forbid the Spartans to be shod as that which in case of any military and civill activity was a great hinderance to the actions of the Foot Some have wondred why man in Comparison of other Creatures is endued with very great Feet not considering that man who only walketh upright stood in need of two great Feet to susteine the weight of his body But the great wonder is that man upon so narrow soles of his feet should be kept upright and not fall it being truly admirable that so vaste and erect a body susteined with two props to wit his Legs whose basis is so narrow as the lowest transverse amplitude of the Foot doth make that he should not for all them slide and fall but consist upon them as we see it happen in other things which are no better susteined than upon the small basis of two Feet which insooth would happen also in the body unlesse by the benefit of Muscles the Feet were retained The inconveniencies of little Feet and directed so fixt that not only when the body is erect and in equilibrio but while it receads from it inclines and is carried into this and that part yet it doth not fall as it happens unto Infants new-borne being yet weake and feeble who for a while untill their feet that is their Muscles and Tendones be confirmed can neither stand nor go And we may observe that those who have feet shorter or smaller than the proportion of their body requireth stand very unfirmely as not sufficiently supported by so good a foundation and in their progressive motion they labour with an uncertaine footing We call those small feet which if they be compared with the body unto which they appertaine or to other of the same kind and having the same bulke are defective and lesse quantity of matter rests in them than in others of the same species For that which failes in magnitude is called small as that which in multitude few small feet argue paucity of matter and where through this affected prohibition of growth the matter of the Foot is lesse then naturally it ought to be the virtue that was ordained to be in that matter cannot be so vivid and effectuall and if they by this Artifice be brought also to be narrowed in the soles the parts must be more confused and so not distinct nor so well articulate and have small Toes and there appeares no foot-step of bones or Tendons which are more pleasant to looke upon than serviceable to that office to which they were appointed which although they may be accounted delicate yet are not simply beautifull having lesse corporiety then

of themselves and the just accord of Nature for the most part about the time they are three or foure yeares old their Legs and Muscles grow more firme and strong and the parts return to their naturall state Formius River obser communicat fol. 76. Which over officious tendernesse of Parents and distrust of Nature is observed by one famous in that Art Vide Fabr. ab Aq. Pend. de varis to which the Appeale in this case is made verily Nature is both carefull and able enough to maintain the strength and straightnesse of those Columnes that are to susteine the Body imposing no more weight upon them then they are able to beare without any durable prevarication Man oftner by over-charging the Legs of growing Youth with too early and unfit burdens Baker-legs how caused hath occasioned this deformity Hence it is that we commonly know a Baker or a Taylor by his Legs and as some of their mishapen Legs have been called vari id est wry-legged so others vati and vatinii id est Bon-legged In Butto Bo Johns Town Idem the womens legs are crooked The women of Arupini almost all of them halt which Eusebius Neirembergensis thinkes to be a secret of Nature The Inhabitants of Guinea have long Legs In Taprobana and Tartaria they are all short legged Many have been deformed and disfigured in their Feet and thereupon it came that divers were sirnamed Planci id est Flat-footed Plautici id est Splay-footed Scauri id est Ex narratione Textoris with their Ankles standing over-much out Pansi id est broad-footed But horrid and malignant Conformations of Feet have appeared in divers men There was a very old man called Marin the upper parts of whose body was Humane and the lower part Equine Monstrous deformities of Feet for he was reported to have been borne with the feet of a Horse Verily Plutarch according to the mind of Aristotle hath published that there was a maid called Onoscelis borne of an Asse who had only the feet of an Asse the rest of her body appearing answerable to the humane forme by reason of the congresse of Aristonymus Ephesius with an Asse Pucerus l. 4. Chron. Carion● Moreover Peucerus hath proclaimed that in the reigne of Michael Perpinaceus there was such an humane Infant come to light And we have out of Coelius Rhodiginus that at Sybaris from the congresse of a Shepheard and a yong Kid or she-Goat there proceeded an Infant who had the Legs of a Goat Besides Anno 1493. a wench unmarried brought forth a Humane Child with the legs and feet of a Dog this monster Cardan and Paraeus make mention of Lycost opere Chronologo but first of all Lycosthenes A deformity not very differing from this appeared in the yeare of our Lord 1545. in a certaine Infant born at Aveignion with the upper parts correspondent to the Humane forme the lower parts Canine wherefore Francis King of France commanded the mother with her deformed issue to be burnt Magius in miscellaneis In the time of Pius the third Volateran in Comment urbanis Pope of Rome there was a monstrous Production not much differing from the former born of a woman in Hetruria compressed by a dog which therefore for expiation was carried to the high Bishop of Rome Lycosthenes Other monstrifique births there have been deformed with the feet of other Animals For in Germany neare the Town of Lawferburg in the Borders of the Helvetians upon the Rhine Anno Dom. 1274. there was a boy borne with the feet of a Goose Pedestrall Monsters Aldrovandus Aldrovandus speakes of an Hermaphroditicall Monster with the Legs and Feet of an Eagle all other parts retaining the Humane forme which perchance because it could not be taken was shot to death with Arrowes In the yeare 1512. a little before Ravenna was sackt there were cruell wars in Italy Aldrovand Hist monst Guzman de Alfrage And in this very City I mean Ravenna there was borne a strange Monster which did strike the beholders into great admiration and caused much wonder He had from the girdle upward all his whole body face and head like unto a man saving that he had one horn in his forehead he wanted his Armes but instead thereof Nature had given him two wings like a Bat he had figured in his Breast the Pythagoricall Y and in his stomack down to his belly a well formed Crosse or Crucifix he was an Hermaphrodite both these two naturall Sexes being in a very proportionable manner well and truly formed he had no more but one thigh and to it one leg with its foot like a Kites and the tallons answerable thereunto in the knotty part or locking joint of the Knee he had one only Eye These monstrosities and unnaturall shapes possessed mens minds with extraordinary admiration and those that were learned men and great Schollers considering with themselves that such monsters in nature were usually prodigious and did foretoken some strange effects did beat their braines and exercise the strength of their wit in the speculation and search of the signification thereof Nations with the feet of a Horse and what this strange monster might portend amongst many other that the home did signifie pride and ambition the wings inconstancy and lightnesse want of armes want of good workes the foot of that bird of Rapine theft usury and Avarice the eye in the knee affection to vanities and worldly things the two Sexes Sodomy and beastly filthinesse in all which vices Italy did then abound For the which God did scourge them with his whip of wars and dissentions but the crosse and the Y were good and fortunate signes for the Y in the breast did signifie Vertue and the crosse on the belly that if men suppressing their dishonest lusts of the flesh should embrace vertue in their breasts God would give them peace sweeten his displeasure and abate his wrath Aldrov hist Monst fol. 371. Somewhat the like monster Aldrovandus exhibits saving that it had two feet one whereof was like a mans with an eye in the knee and the left leg was scaly and ended in the taile of a fish Isidor l. 11. c. 3. Isidore writes plainly that there is a Nation which appeares with a humane body and the feet of a Horse Mela l. 3. c. 3. And Mela and Solinus do not seeme to doubt but that there may be men with Horses feet for Mela saith that in the Islands of Oonae in the Northern sea are the Oones who have feet like Horses they are called Hippopodes with whom Solinus doth accord Solin cap. 21. The Hippopodes retaine the Humane forme unto the Legs but end in Horse feet Plin. Nat. hist lib. 4. And Pliny expresly declares that there are such men among the Oones who are borne with horse feet Such kind of Centaures are said to inhabit in certaine Islands distant three