Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	foot_n	half_a	inch_n	1,859	5	11.0254	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28936	The works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esq., epitomiz'd by Richard Boulton ... ; illustrated with copper plates.; Works. 1699	Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.; Boulton, Richard, b. 1676 or 7. General heads for the natural history of a country.	1699 (1699)	Wing B3921; ESTC R9129	784,954	1,756

last_o mention_v experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a even_o by_o weight_n to_o measure_v how_o far_o nature_n be_v dispose_v to_o prevent_v or_o fill_v vacuity_n since_o a_o small_a difference_n in_o weight_n determine_v by_o depress_v or_o permit_v the_o sucker_n to_o rise_v how_o far_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n depend_v on_o the_o cause_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o by_o vacuity_n i_o do_v not_o mean_a space_n altogether_o void_a of_o matter_n but_o void_a of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v perceive_v so_o that_o i_o take_v the_o word_n vacuum_n in_o the_o common_a not_o the_o strict_a and_o philosophical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o last_o from_o this_o xxxiii_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o be_v strong_a than_o what_o man_n usual_o think_v it_o be_v and_o probable_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n it_o be_v much_o strong_a since_o if_o what_o varenius_n observe_v the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o to_o hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n except_o move_v by_o a_o heavy_a weight_n than_o what_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o climate_n experiment_n xxxiv_o receiver_n attempt_v to_o weigh_v light_a body_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o two_o body_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n but_o of_o unequal_a dimension_n will_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o receiver_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o that_o who_o dimension_n be_v most_o extensive_a i_o take_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n and_o tie_v it_o to_o one_o end_n of_o our_o balance_n which_o turn_v with_o the_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o be_v counterpoise_v with_o a_o weight_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n we_o let_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v the_o bladder_n to_o dilate_v and_o manifest_o to_o preponderate_v but_o upon_o admit_v the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o bladder_n be_v over-poised_a by_o the_o weight_n but_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n all_o night_n the_o bladder_n imbibe_v so_o much_o of_o the_o external_n moisture_n as_o to_o weigh_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n down_o a_o good_a way_n yet_o the_o bladder_n be_v dry_v a_o little_a they_o be_v both_o bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o try_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n instead_o of_o the_o bladder_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v as_o well_o as_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cork_n manifest_o preponderate_v experiment_n xxxv_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o the_o syphon_n etc._n etc._n filtration_n the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n to_o try_v whether_o in_o filtration_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o syphon_n of_o glass_n represent_v by_o the_o three_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v of_o two_o strait_a piece_n and_o a_o crooked_a one_o which_o join_v the_o other_o two_o together_o the_o juncture_n be_v well_o close_v the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v pervious_a only_o at_o the_o small_a end_n so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o water_n to_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o both_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v equal_o pervious_a the_o diameter_n of_o their_o boar_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o length_n of_o these_o two_o pipe_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a that_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v may_v not_o raise_v the_o water_n include_v in_o the_o pipe_n too_o high_a the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n the_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o cover_n which_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n close_v up_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v the_o result_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o low_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n till_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v and_o then_o several_a bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n gather_v together_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a syphon_n where_o expand_v themselves_o they_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n that_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o cease_v to_o drop_v and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v as_o not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o foot_n high_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o it_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o small_a orifice_n of_o the_o long_a tube_n and_o ascend_v through_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n join_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a tube_n but_o to_o prevent_v what_o inconvenience_n ensue_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o bubble_n the_o two_o forementioned_a tube_n be_v place_v so_o as_o to_o meet_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o glass_n viol._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v close_v up_o with_o cement_n and_o the_o tube_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n the_o syphon_n represent_v by_o the_o five_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o the_o receiver_n with_o its_o short_a leg_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o long_a syphon_n continue_v to_o drop_v much_o long_a than_o before_o but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o pipe_n be_v so_o dilate_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o to_o press_v down_o into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o interrupt_v our_o experiment_n though_o what_o we_o observe_v give_v we_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o syphon_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o once_o have_v a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n which_o when_o hold_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n press_v so_o much_o more_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n than_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o tube_n that_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o this_o pipe_n be_v bend_v into_o a_o syphon_n and_o place_v with_o the_o short_a leg_n in_o water_n as_o syphons_n usual_o be_v the_o water_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o short_a leg_n and_o run_v down_o the_o other_o and_o this_o syphon_n be_v place_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v what_o alteration_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n will_v appear_v there_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v any_o sensible_a one_o but_o though_o in_o this_o tube_n just_a now_o mention_v the_o water_n rise_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n yet_o if_o such_o a_o tube_n be_v thrust_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o mercury_n instead_o of_o rise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v be_v below_o that_o which_o be_v without_o it_o experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o subtle_a penetrate_a power_n of_o some_o spirit_n above_o that_o of_o the_o air._n the_o cause_n why_o air_n will_v not_o enter_v the_o pore_n of_o some_o body_n which_o water_n will_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n betwixt_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n conjecture_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n air._n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a method_n propropose_v by_o galileo_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v we_o cause_v a_o oval_a glass_n with_o a_o small_a tube_n at_o one_o end_v to_o be_v blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n and_o this_o glass_n bubble_n be_v of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o hen_n egg_n be_v fix_v to_o one_o end_v of_o a_o balance_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o a_o weight_n at_o the_o other_o end_n which_o be_v suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n the_o bubble_n after_o three_o exsuction_n continue_v to_o preponderate_v more_o and_o more_o till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o balance_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a aequilibrium_fw-la but_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n in_o the_o scale_n opposite_a to_o the_o

a_o long_a leg_n and_o a_o short_a one_o which_o be_v so_o bend_v as_o to_o lie_v parallel_n almost_o to_o each_o other_o we_o past_v paper_n upon_o each_o which_o be_v divide_v by_o mark_n into_o inch_n and_o each_o of_o those_o inch_n into_o eight_o part_n and_o upon_o pour_v mercury_n into_o the_o long_a tube_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o short_a which_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o the_o top_n by_o twenty_o nine_o inch_n of_o mercury_n be_v condense_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o it_o be_v able_a in_o so_o compress_v a_o state_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n to_o resist_v a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n of_o 29_o inch_n beside_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n incumbent_n upon_o that_o it_o follow_v that_o its_o compression_n in_o the_o open_a air_n be_v but_o half_a as_o much_o it_o must_v have_v but_o half_a that_o weight_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o lie_v upon_o it_o in_o that_o compress_v state_n but_o to_o be_v more_o exact_a 2._o see_v fig._n 4._o plate_n 2._o we_o take_v a_o tube_n represent_v by_o the_o four_o figure_n paste_v upon_o the_o short_a leg_n a_o paper_n divide_v into_o twelve_o inch_n and_o each_o of_o those_o into_o quarter_n and_o another_o upon_o the_o long_a leg_n which_o make_v up_o several_a foot_n which_o be_v likewise_o divide_v into_o inches_n and_o those_o subdivide_v again_o into_o quarter_n the_o tube_n be_v thus_o mark_v the_o low_a end_n be_v place_v in_o a_o wooden_a box_n that_o the_o mercury_n may_v run_v into_o it_o if_o the_o pipe_n chance_v to_o break_v and_o one_o be_v assign_v to_o pour_v in_o mercury_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n another_o be_v place_v to_o observe_v when_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o small_a tube_n rise_v up_o to_o each_o of_o the_o division_n abovementioned_a and_o to_o take_v notice_n likewise_o how_o high_a it_o stand_v in_o the_o long_a tube_n at_o the_o same_o time_n where_o the_o several_a observation_n be_v set_v down_o and_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n a_o table_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air._n a_o a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o 48_o 12_o 00_o add_v to_o 29_o ⅛_n make_v 29_o 2_o 16_o 29_o 2_o 16_o 46_o 11_o ½_n 01_o 7_o 16_o 30_o 9_o 16_o 30_o 6_o 16_o 44_o 11_o 02_o 13_o 16_o 31_o 15_o 16_o 31_o 12_o 16_o 42_o 10_o ½_n 04_o 6_o 16_o 33_o 8_o 16_o 33_o 1_o 7_o 40_o 10_o 06_o 3_o 16_o 35_o 5_o 16_o 35_o 38_o 9_o ½_n 07_o 14_o 16_o 37_o 36_o 15_o 19_o 36_o 9_o 10_o 2_o 16_o 39_o 3_o 16_o 38_o ⅞_n 34_o 8_o ½_n 12_o 8_o 16_o 41_o 10_o 16_o 41_o 2_o 17_o 32_o 8_o 15_o 1_o 16_o 44_o 3_o 16_o 43_o 11_o 16_o 30_o 7_o ½_n 17_o 15_o 16_o 47_o 1_o 16_o 46_o ⅗_n 28_o 7_o 21_o 3_o 16_o 50_o 5_o 16_o 50_o 26_o 6_o ½_n 25_o 3_o 16_o 54_o 5_o 16_o 53_o 10_o 13_o 24_o 6_o 29_o 11_o 16_o 58_o 13_o 16_o 58_o 2_o 8_o 22_o 5_o ½_n 34_o 15_o 16_o 64_o 1_o 16_o 63_o 6_o 11_o 21_o 5_o ¼_n 37_o 15_o 16_o 67_o 1_o 16_o 66_o 4_o 7_o 20_o 5_o 41_o 9_o 16_o 70_o 11_o 16_o 70_o 19_o 4_o ¾_n 45_o 74_o 2_o 16_o 73_o 11_o 19_o 18_o 4_o ½_n 48_o 12_o 16_o 77_o 14_o 16_o 77_o ⅔_n 17_o 4_o ¼_n 53_o 11_o 16_o 82_o 12_o 16_o 82_o 4_o 17_o 16_o 4_o 58_o 2_o 16_o 87_o 14_o 16_o 87_o ⅜_n 15_o 3_o ¾_n 63_o 15_o 16_o 93_o 1_o 16_o 93_o 1_o ●_o 14_o 3_o ½_n 71_o 5_o 16_o 100_o 7_o 16_o 99_o 6_o 7_o 13_o 3_o ¼_n 78_o 11_o 16_o 107_o 13_o 16_o 107_o 7_o 13_o 12_o 3_o 88_o 7_o 16_o 117_o 4_o 16_o 116_o 4_o 8_o a_o a_o the_o number_n of_o equal_a space_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n which_o contain_v the_o same_o parcel_n of_o air_n different_o expand_v b_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n by_o who_o weight_n the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a one_o be_v compress_v c_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n which_o counterpoise_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmospere_n d_o the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o column_n b_o and_o c_o show_v what_o pressure_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o include_v air._n e_o what_o that_o pressure_n shall_v be_v allow_v the_o pressure_n and_o expansion_n to_o be_v reciprocal_a porportion_n but_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n whoever_o pour_v in_o the_o mercury_n he_o must_v do_v it_o by_o degree_n and_o according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o other_o that_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n below_o for_o if_o it_o be_v pour_v in_o without_o caution_n it_o may_v rise_v up_o above_o the_o mark_v place_v on_o the_o outside_n before_o due_a observation_n can_v be_v make_v have_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n compress_v the_o air_n into_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o we_o observe_v though_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sensible_o condense_v further_a by_o cold_a yet_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n bring_v near_o it_o give_v we_o reason_n to_o think_v that_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n will_v have_v expanded_a it_o but_o fear_v the_o crack_v of_o the_o tube_n we_o dare_v not_o try_v it_o from_o the_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o compress_v so_o it_o be_v able_a to_o counterpoise_v a_o heavy_a or_o light_a cylinder_n of_o mercury_n and_o that_o the_o mercury_n be_v bear_v up_o by_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o condense_v air_n appear_v by_o suck_v up_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n when_o the_o mercury_n be_v 100_o inch_n high_a in_o the_o pipe_n for_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v take_v off_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o long_a tube_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n and_o not_o by_o any_o funiculus_fw-la since_o the_o objector_n confess_v that_o can_v raise_v more_o than_o a_o cylinder_n of_o 30_o inch_n consider_v the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n consider_v but_o together_o with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v not_o a_o little_a illustrate_v our_o doctrine_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n to_o observe_v how_o much_o its_o spring_n be_v weaken_a according_o as_o it_o be_v different_o expand_v and_o rarify_v a_o table_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o 1_o 00_o 0_o 9_o substract_v from_o 29_o ¾_n leave_v 29_o ¾_n 29_o ¾_n 1_o ½_n 10_o ⅝_n 19_o ⅛_n 19_o ⅚_n 2_o 15_o ⅜_n 14_o ⅜_n 14_o ⅞_n 3_o 20_o 2_o 8_o 9_o 4_o 8_o 9_o 15_o 12_o 4_o 22_o ⅝_n 7_o ⅛_n 7_o 7_o 16_o 5_o 24_o ⅛_n 5_o ⅝_n 5_o 19_o 20_o 6_o 24_o ⅞_n 4_o ⅞_n 4_o 23_o 24_o 7_o 25_o 4_o 8_o 4_o 2_o 8_o 4_o ¼_n 8_o 26_o 0_o 0_o 3_o 0_o 8_o 3_o 23_o 32_o 9_o 26_o ⅜_n 3_o 3_o 0_o 3_o 11_o 36_o 10_o 26_o 6_o 3_o 3_o 0_o 0_o 2_o 39_o 40_o 12_o 27_o ⅛_n 2_o ⅝_n 2_o 23_o 48_o 14_o 27_o 4_o 8_o 2_o 2_o 8_o 2_o ⅛_n 16_o 27_o ●_o 8_o 2_o 0_o 0_o 1_o 55_o 64_o 18_o 27_o ⅞_n 1_o ⅞_n 1_o 47_o 72_o 20_o 28_o 1_o 6_o 8_o 1_o 9_o 80_o 24_o 28_o ⅛_n 1_o 4_o 8_o 1_o 22_o 96_o 28_o 28_o ⅜_n 1_o ⅜_n 1_o 1_o 16_o 32_o 28_o 4_o 8_o 1_o 2_o 8_o 0_o 110_o 128_o a_o the_o number_n of_o equal_a space_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o b_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n which_o together_o with_o the_o include_v air_n counterpoise_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n c_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n d_o the_o aggregate_v of_o b_o to_z c_z represent_v the_o pressure_n counterpoise_v by_o the_o include_v air._n e_o what_o that_o pressure_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_a first_a that_o we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o glass-tube_n about_o 6_o foot_n long_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n second_o we_o have_v in_o readiness_n a_o glass-pipe_n about_o the_o diameter_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n which_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o paper_n stick_v upon_o it_o divide_v into_o inches_n and_o half_a quarter_n which_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o other_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n and_o open_a at_o both_o end_n that_o the_o mercury_n may_v rise_v in_o it_o it_o help_v to_o fill_v the_o other_o up_o and_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o its_o stand_n above_o the_o mercury_n the_o orifice_n be_v seal_v up_o so_o that_o a_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o tube_n which_o by_o lift_v up_o the_o tube_n be_v gradual_o expanded_a to_o

it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o first_o the_o water_n appear_v in_o the_o glass_n tube_n they_o will_v be_v very_o numerous_a and_o form_v a_o froth_n yet_o when_o the_o pump_v be_v further_o continue_v they_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o second_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n make_v several_a vibration_n in_o its_o rise_n which_o though_o near_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o first_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o three_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o baroscope_n consult_v before_o some_o time_n after_o be_v note_v to_o have_v rise_v considerable_o so_o that_o have_v the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v again_o the_o water_n will_v have_v be_v buoy_v up_o a_o good_a deal_n high_o now_o from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v how_o improbable_a it_o be_v what_o some_o man_n teach_v concern_v the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o spiral_n pipe_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o can_v be_v draw_v high_a than_o 36_o foot_n by_o a_o suck_v pump_n experiment_n xviii_o about_o the_o bend_v of_o a_o springy_a body_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o be_v satisfy_v how_o much_o the_o elasticity_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n i_o fix_v one_o end_n of_o a_o whale-bone_n in_o a_o trencher_n and_o tie_v a_o weight_n to_o the_o other_o by_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v so_o low_a as_o almost_o to_o touch_v the_o plane_n under_o it_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v any_o alteration_n experiment_n xix_o concern_v the_o make_n of_o mercurial_a gauge_n whereby_o to_o estimate_v how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v several_a gauge_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o discover_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v well_o exhaust_v as_o by_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n which_o be_v almost_o empty_a of_o air_n or_o by_o invert_v a_o small_a tube_n in_o which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v contain_v but_o the_o former_a take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n in_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o latter_a not_o discover_v whether_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v or_o not_o till_o the_o air_n contain_v be_v too_o much_o rarefy_v for_o any_o considerable_a observation_n therefore_o to_o enable_v i_o to_o make_v more_o observation_n in_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o receiver_n exsuction_n i_o take_v a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n about_o 10_o inch_n long_o and_o as_o small_a as_o a_o goose_n quill_n and_o have_v melt_v it_o at_o a_o flame_n so_o as_o to_o soften_v it_o and_o make_v it_o apt_a to_o be_v bend_v i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o form_n represent_v by_o plate_n 5._o fig._n 4._o so_o that_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o low_a leg_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n 4._o see_v plate_n 5●_n fig._n 4._o and_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o short_a one_o be_v fill_v with_o quicksilver_n the_o expansion_n of_o that_o air_n may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v by_o paste_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n upon_o that_o tube_n divide_v into_o several_a exact_a part_n for_o as_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o or_o less_o expanded_a the_o air_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o gage_n will_v be_v extend_v to_o some_o of_o those_o mark_n and_o if_o when_o the_o air_n be_v so_o expanded_a the_o experimenter_n desire_v to_o know_v at_o each_o of_o those_o mark_n how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o will_v appear_v by_o let_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v able_a at_o that_o time_n to_o hold_v so_o that_o if_o when_o the_o air_n be_v at_o any_o determinate_a mark_n the_o water_n be_v let_v in_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o far_o evacuate_v by_o observe_v how_o much_o water_n will_v be_v admit_v when_o the_o air_n be_v expanded_a to_o each_o mark_n the_o gage_n for_o the_o future_a will_v not_o only_o inform_v we_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o small_a gage_n a_o large_a may_v be_v make_v by_o put_v both_o into_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n at_o once_o for_o by_o observe_v when_o the_o air_n be_v expanded_a to_o each_o mark_n in_o the_o little_a one_o how_o far_o it_o be_v expanded_a in_o the_o large_a one_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v for_o the_o future_a by_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o leg_n of_o that_o large_a gage_n and_o this_o gage_n be_v much_o more_o useful_a than_o some_o other_o first_o because_o the_o mercury_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n the_o air_n by_o expand_v itself_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o make_v it_o run_v over_o or_o to_o make_v its_o way_n in_o the_o form_n of_o bubble_n through_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n as_o it_o will_v if_o other_o fluid_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o it_o second_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o gage_n be_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o stick_v wax_n or_o knob_n of_o glass_n to_o the_o pipe_n every_o ten_o be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o rest_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o which_o division_n will_v be_v less_o subject_a to_o be_v rub_v off_o than_o paper_n which_o be_v also_o subject_a in_o some_o experiment_n to_o be_v wet_a three_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v include_v may_v be_v either_o seal_v up_o before_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o aforementioned_a mark_n or_o after_o by_o draw_v out_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n into_o a_o small_a apex_n and_o when_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n it_o may_v be_v seal_v up_o by_o blow_v a_o lamp_n horizontal_o upon_o the_o apex_n four_o where_o very_o nice_a observation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o receiver_n admit_v of_o a_o long_a gage_n instead_o of_o mercury_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o rose_n or_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o cocheneel_v in_o which_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n will_v be_v more_o nice_o represent_v five_o we_o may_v vary_v the_o mercurial_a gage_n by_o order_v the_o short_a leg_n so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o bubble_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n at_o a_o inch_n distance_n from_o the_o basis_n of_o that_o leg_n which_o bubble_n must_v have_v a_o pipe_n upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o air_n which_o bubble_n have_v this_o advantage_n above_o the_o other_o that_o less_o air_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n since_o the_o mercury_n not_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v raise_v so_o high_a the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v be_v render_v more_o apt_a to_o be_v estimate_v by_o the_o eye_n six_o this_o gage_n be_v much_o more_o useful_a than_o those_o mention_v by_o other_o author_n because_o it_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n experiment_n xx._n a_o easy_a way_n to_o make_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n sensible_a to_o the_o touch._n touch._n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n sensible_a to_o the_o touch._n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n will_v be_v make_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n if_o a_o taper_a tube_n of_o brass_n who_o cavity_n at_o one_o end_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a be_v fix_v to_o the_o pump_n instead_o of_o a_o receiver_n for_o if_o when_o the_o large_a orifice_n be_v cement_v on_o the_o pump_n one_o press_v the_o palm_n of_o one_o hand_n upon_o the_o small_a orifice_n and_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o take_v off_o one_o hand_n and_o not_o a_o little_a painful_a but_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n will_v have_v a_o much_o more_o sensible_a effect_n if_o the_o large_a orifice_n be_v upward_o instead_o of_o the_o small_a experiment_n xxi_o about_o the_o subside_v of_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n to_o the_o level_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o bolt-head_n be_v circular_o cut_v off_o we_o make_v use_v of_o it_o for_o a_o receiver_n include_v a_o baroscope_n in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n subside_v from_o 29_o inch_n to_o 9_o or_o 10_o and_o by_o three_o exsuction_n more_o will_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o level_n with_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n but_o will_v rise_v to_o its_o first_o station_n again_o as_o the_o air_n be_v admit_v in_o flower_n or_o fast_o in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o

that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n be_v bring_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n and_o continue_v several_a successive_a vibration_n before_o it_o settle_v at_o 10_o inch_n high_a second_o if_o instead_o of_o draw_v any_o out_o air_n be_v force_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o will_v raise_v the_o mercury_n high_a than_o it_o be_v former_a station_n three_o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v as_o to_o make_v the_o mercury_n subside_o to_o a_o level_n experiment_n xxii_o in_o tubes_n open_a at_o both_o end_n when_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n can_v be_v pretend_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n will_v impel_v quicksilver_n no_o high_o in_o slender_a than_o in_o large_a pipe_n pipe_n the_o suspension_n of_o quicksilver_n equal_a in_o small_a and_o wide_a pipe_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v buoy_v up_o mercury_n equal_a in_o large_a as_o in_o small_a tube_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a trial_n the_o i._o trial_n have_v put_v as_o much_o mercury_n into_o a_o glass_n tube_n about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o as_o reach_v 3_o or_o 4_o finger_n the_o one_o end_v be_v seal_v hermetical_o we_o hang_v two_o tube_n by_o string_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o former_a so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o mercury_n which_o be_v do_v we_o pour_v water_n upon_o the_o mercury_n and_o observe_v the_o mercury_n to_o be_v equal_o raise_v in_o the_o great_a pipe_n as_o in_o the_o little_a one_o and_o the_o water_n be_v suck_v out_o it_o proportionable_o subside_v in_o each_o the_o ii_o trial_n have_v pour_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o tube_n of_o glass_n near_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o fill_v two_o pipe_n of_o mercury_n of_o a_o unequal_a boar_n the_o one_o end_v of_o each_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v we_o immerse_v they_o in_o the_o large_a tube_n contrive_v to_o open_v the_o low_a orifice_n when_o below_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o not_o only_a both_o of_o they_o subside_v to_o a_o equal_a station_n but_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o buoy_v they_o up_o both_o alike_o in_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o water_n be_v successive_o suck_v out_o and_o put_v in_o again_o the_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n proportionable_o fall_v and_o rise_v equal_o in_o both_o no_o difference_n proceed_v from_o the_o wideness_n of_o their_o diameter_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n experiment_n xxiii_o at_o what_o height_n mercury_n amalgamate_v with_o tin_n as_o well_o as_o pure_a mercury_n will_v be_v suspend_v have_v fill_v a_o glass_n tube_n with_o mercury_n amalgamate_v with_o tin_n and_o invert_v it_o it_o do_v not_o fall_v below_o 31_o inch_n in_o try_v this_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o that_o if_o the_o amalgama_n be_v too_o thick_a it_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o stick_v to_o the_o tube_n and_o will_v likewise_o hinder_v several_a aerial_a corpuscle_n from_o fly_v away_o second_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_v so_o do_v its_o ascent_n in_o such_o tubes_fw-la three_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o to_o consider_v whether_o these_o two_o metal_n penetrate_v each_o other_o dimension_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v copper_n and_o tin_n to_o do_v and_o by_o form_v a_o new_a metalline_a substance_n to_o render_v the_o composition_n heavy_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o two_o single_a ingredient_n experiment_n xxiv_o a_o method_n of_o make_v barometer_n which_o may_v be_v carry_v to_o distant_a country_n to_o make_v a_o portable_a barometer_n we_o take_v a_o cylinder_n about_o 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n long_o and_o have_v bend_v one_o end_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o short_a leg_n about_o a_o four_o part_n as_o long_o as_o the_o other_o seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n we_o inject_v mercury_n into_o the_o short_a leg_n by_o a_o tunnel_n till_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 3_o inch_n in_o both_o leg_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v stop_v with_o the_o finger_n we_o incline_v the_o long_a leg_n and_o so_o by_o successive_o fill_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o incline_v it_o so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o run_v into_o the_o long_a we_o fill_v the_o long_a leg_n quite_o full_a of_o mercury_n and_o by_o incline_v it_o several_a time_n afterward_o and_o permit_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n which_o usual_o lie_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o seal_a head_n to_o run_v through_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n backward_o and_o forward_o we_o free_v it_o from_o those_o bubble_n which_o be_v usual_o in_o its_o pore_n but_o beside_o this_o way_n of_o fill_v the_o pipe_n we_o have_v with_o less_o trouble_n do_v it_o by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o tunnel_n which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v a_o little_a incline_v reach_v a_o little_a above_o the_o flexure_n of_o the_o syphon_n will_v fill_v the_o tube_n without_o much_o trouble_n and_o the_o pipe_n thus_o fill_v with_o mercury_n may_v by_o often_o erect_v of_o it_o and_o shake_v the_o pipe_n so_o erect_v be_v free_v from_o those_o airy_a particle_n which_o common_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o mercury_n 2._o see_v the_o whole_a barometer_n plat._n 7._o fig._n ig_a 2._o the_o barometer_n be_v thus_o order_v we_o contrive_v a_o frame_n to_o carry_v it_o in_o which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n in_o which_o a_o gutter_n be_v cut_v for_o the_o pipe_n to_o lie_v in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o frame_n be_v likewise_o so_o contrive_v as_o to_o contain_v the_o short_a leg_n of_o this_o tube_n the_o pipe_n be_v lodge_v in_o this_o gutter_n we_o fix_v a_o cover_n to_o one_o side_n of_o the_o frame_n with_o little_a highe_n the_o other_o when_o occasion_n require_v be_v fasten_v with_o hasp_v and_o because_o the_o motion_n the_o mercury_n will_v be_v put_v into_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o break_v the_o pipe_n be_v there_o too_o much_o liberty_n give_v it_o to_o move_v in_o or_o be_v there_o any_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o gutter_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o we_o take_v care_n to_o lay_v cotton_n both_o betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o concave_a of_o the_o frame_n and_o betwixt_o the_o cover_n and_o it_o and_o that_o the_o empty_a space_n which_o be_v usual_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o barometer_n may_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a we_o take_v care_n to_o invert_v the_o tube_n and_o to_o fill_v the_o remain_a space_n unpossessed_a with_o mercury_n either_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o mercury_n or_o with_o water_n seal_v up_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a tube_n hermetical_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v use_v again_o and_o then_o the_o superflous_a mercury_n may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o immerse_v a_o small_a pipe_n in_o it_o which_o if_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n will_v take_v away_o so_o much_o as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o immersed_a tube_n have_v receive_v into_o it_o but_o if_o water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o mercury_n it_o may_v be_v lick_v up_o with_o a_o sponge_n and_o if_o by_o shake_v of_o this_o barometer_n in_o long_a journey_n any_o particle_n shall_v get_v out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n into_o the_o large_a by_o successive_o invert_v the_o tube_n and_o permit_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v backward_o and_o forward_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n may_v easy_o be_v free_v from_o bubble_n of_o what_o use_v this_o barometer_n may_v be_v in_o discover_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n in_o long_a journey_n both_o at_o sea_n and_o at_o land_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o other_o to_o consider_v only_o i_o shall_v annex_v this_o advertisement_n that_o sometime_o after_o i_o make_v this_o barometer_n have_v carry_v it_o about_o 33_o mile_n i_o observe_v that_o it_o do_v not_o rise_v by_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n as_o high_a as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n i_o can_v yet_o determine_v experiment_n xxv_o what_o height_n the_o mercury_n in_o barometer_n will_v be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o top_n of_o hill_n some_o observation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n especial_o the_o picinino_n of_o teneriff_n have_v observe_v the_o height_n at_o which_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o a_o barometer_n make_v the_o ordinary_a way_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o height_n it_o be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o top_n

seal_a glass_n sect._n i._n to_o separate_v air_n from_o liquor_n by_o boil_v or_o by_o the_o engin._n sect._n i._n to_o obtain_v air_n by_o corrosion_n especial_o with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n sect._n i._n to_o separate_v air_n by_o sulphureous_a and_o animal_n menstruum_n sect._n i._n to_o produce_v air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la by_o burning-glass_n and_o hot_a iron_n sect._n i._n to_o obtain_v air_n from_o gunpowder_n and_o other_o nitrous_a substance_n sect._n ii_o the_o air_n produce_v may_v be_v examine_v by_o try_v whether_o it_o will_v preserve_v or_o revive_v 1._o animal_n 2._o flame_n 3._o fire_n 4._o the_o light_n of_o rot_a wood_n fish_n sect._n ii_o to_o examine_v its_o spring_n and_o the_o duration_n of_o it_o as_o also_o it_o be_v weight_n and_o whether_o it_o will_v help_v to_o raise_v the_o smoke_n of_o liquor_n title_n vii_o of_o the_o accidental_a or_o less_o constant_a ingredient_n of_o the_o air._n title_n viii_o of_o aqueous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o of_o its_o moisture_n and_o dryness_n dryness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n and_o dryness_n though_o dryness_n be_v a_o quality_n which_o only_o depend_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o pore_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o stable_a part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o any_o visible_a liquor_n yet_o it_o have_v a_o considerable_a interest_n in_o the_o change_n of_o body_n upon_o different_a score_n first_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o body_n dry_v be_v deprive_v of_o liquid_a part_n upon_o the_o effect_n of_o which_o several_a of_o its_o operation_n depend_v second_o upon_o the_o recess_n of_o those_o part_n evaporate_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n may_v be_v so_o far_o change_v as_o to_o acquire_v a_o disposition_n to_o act_v otherwise_o and_o to_o be_v act_v on_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n to_o what_o it_o be_v before_o experiment_n i._n to_o evince_v the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n we_o suspend_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hundred_o weight_n by_o a_o iron_n ring_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o rope_n which_o be_v about_o 3_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o 3_o 10_o of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o when_o the_o weight_n have_v stretch_v the_o rope_n for_o 2_o or_o 3_o day_n we_o place_v a_o board_n under_o it_o so_o that_o it_o may_v just_o rest_v upon_o it_o and_o then_o cause_v the_o rope_n to_o be_v wet_a in_o about_o half_a a_o hour_n it_o shorten_v so_o much_o that_o the_o weight_n will_v swing_v this_o way_n and_o that_o like_o a_o pendulum_n without_o touch_v the_o board_n yet_o the_o same_o day_n the_o rope_n be_v stretch_v again_o so_o that_o it_o touch_v the_o board_n about_o morocco_n which_o be_v a_o inland_a town_n though_o the_o soil_v be_v dry_a and_o the_o heat_v violent_a in_o the_o day_n yet_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o who_o be_v there_o that_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n be_v so_o damp_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o make_v his_o clothes_n unfit_a to_o be_v wear_v till_o air_v yet_o though_o the_o air_n be_v very_o pierce_v neither_o the_o knife_n in_o his_o pocket_n nor_o the_o sword_n in_o his_o scabbard_n be_v subject_a to_o rust_v though_o the_o same_o metal_n expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n be_v air_n too_o moist_a can_v be_v wholesome_a the_o air_n about_o oakly_n and_o brill_n in_o buckinghamshire_n though_o a_o high_a country_n be_v so_o moist_a in_o october_n that_o the_o staircase_n and_o picture_n will_v stand_v all_o over_o dew_n which_o gather_v in_o drop_n run_v down_o in_o stream_n and_o it_o be_v obser_v that_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n side_n of_o the_o house_n be_v so_o moist_a that_o except_o the_o room_n be_v air_v often_o the_o furniture_n will_v rot_v have_v make_v use_n of_o a_o hydroscope_n which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o box_n to_o who_o bottom_n a_o piece_n of_o gut-string_n be_v fasten_v and_o the_o other_o end_n of_o it_o to_o a_o index_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o box_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o box_n be_v divide_v into_o degree_n or_o partition_n by_o which_o we_o can_v perceive_v that_o when_o moist_a vapour_n insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o lutestring_n it_o will_v be_v wreathe_v and_o twist_v up_o and_o the_o index_n will_v be_v move_v that_o way_n which_o the_o twist_a of_o the_o rope_n incline_v it_o and_o when_o the_o wether_n be_v dry_a it_o will_v return_v back_o the_o other_o way_n experiment_n ii_o one_o of_o these_o hygroscope_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o index_n do_v not_o sensible_o alter_v its_o place_n in_o a_o long_a time_n till_o the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o from_o which_o experiment_n and_o some_o other_o try_v with_o a_o thermoscope_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o aether_n or_o that_o subtle_a matter_n which_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o exhaust_a air_n be_v neither_o hot_a cold_a moist_a nor_o dry_a title_n ix_o of_o cloud_n mist_n and_o fog_n fog_n of_o cloud_n mist_n and_o fog_n a_o excellent_a astronomer_n tell_v i_o that_o of_o all_o the_o white_a cloud_n who_o height_n he_o have_v measure_v in_o fair_a wether_n he_o find_v none_o to_o exceed_v ¾_n quart_n of_o a_o mile_n and_o very_o few_o above_o ½_n a_o mile_n a_o mist_n at_o sea_n drive_v towards_o the_o shoar_n without_o any_o sensible_a wind_n cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v more_o than_o a_o brisk_a wind._n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v observe_v that_o mist_n in_o some_o place_n rise_v about_o 30_o foot_n high_a have_v fall_v down_o in_o a_o dew_n again_o title_n x_o of_o terrestrial_a steam_n in_o the_o air._n effluvia_fw-la of_o terrestrial_a effluvia_fw-la pillar_n of_o fume_n have_v be_v divers_a time_n observe_v to_o rise_v from_o ground_n which_o have_v several_a vein_n of_o different_a metal_n in_o it_o some_o ill_n scent_v some_o well_o scent_v and_o other_o inodorous_a and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o charcoal_n make_v in_o cornwall_n afford_v a_o manifest_a arsenical_a and_o sulphureous_a smell_n beyond_o other_o charcoal_n 1685._o jcournal_n des_fw-fr s_o avary_a iii_o 1685._o tell_v est_fw-fr par_fw-fr exemple_n ce_fw-fr nuage_n horrible_a d'une_fw-fr fumée_fw-fr epaisse_fw-fr qui_fw-fr s'eleva_fw-it de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr de_fw-fr cretee_n au_fw-fr commencement_n de_fw-fr l'eestede_n l'an_n 721._o et_fw-la qui_fw-la s'etant_fw-la repandu_fw-fr dans_fw-fr l'air_fw-fr le_fw-fr fit_a parôistre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr en_fw-fr feu_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr n'en_fw-fr fut_fw-fr pas_fw-fr mesme_fw-fr exempte_n car_fw-fr les_fw-fr gross_v mass_n de_fw-la pierres_fw-la enflammées_fw-fr qu'on_n en_fw-fr vit_fw-fr sortier_n et_fw-la qui_fw-la se_fw-la joignirent_fw-la all_o '_o isle_n qu'on_n nomme_n hiera_n échauferent_a si_fw-fr fort_fw-fr les_fw-fr eau_fw-fr qu'elles_fw-fr en_fw-fr bruloient_fw-fr les_fw-fr mane_n title_n xi_o of_o salt_n in_o the_o air._n air._n of_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o air._n though_o the_o peripatetic_n teach_v that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o element_n and_o consequent_o a_o pure_a simple_a body_n who_o quality_n be_v moist_a and_o dry_a yet_o from_o what_o we_o have_v already_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v a_o aggregate_v of_o various_a kind_n of_o effluvia_fw-la jumble_v and_o mix_v together_o i_o mean_v the_o air_n distinct_a from_o that_o pure_a substance_n aether_n which_o i_o suppose_v diffuse_v through_o the_o interstellar_n part_n of_o the_o universe_n among_o the_o effluvia_fw-la which_o rove_v up_o and_o down_o the_o air_n i_o account_v saline_n once_o the_o chief_a which_o be_v not_o unlikely_a since_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n which_o continual_o emit_v effluvia_fw-la abound_v with_o great_a quantity_n of_o marine_n aluminous_a and_o vitriolate_a salt_n which_o impregnate_n the_o air_n beside_o several_a exhalation_n raise_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n not_o to_o mention_v several_a other_o saline_n vapour_n which_o be_v disperse_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o arise_v from_o vulcanos_fw-la as_o well_o as_o common_a fire_n and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o air_n plentiful_o abound_v with_o saline_n effluvia_fw-la so_o very_o likely_a beside_o nitrous_a there_o be_v other_o kind_n raise_v up_o and_o rove_a about_o in_o it_o as_o common_a salt_n and_o vitriolate_a salt_n and_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n in_o some_o place_n abound_v with_o vitriolate_a salt_n be_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o hinge_n have_v be_v corrode_v and_o rot_v and_o other_o thing_n prejudice_v upon_o a_o vitriolate_a soil_n whereas_o in_o house_n which_o stand_v on_o a_o chalky_a soil_n no_o such_o effect_n be_v observe_v beside_o on_o the_o vitriolate_a ground_n we_o take_v notice_n of_o saline_n and_o white_a efflorescence_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o soil_n when_o beat_v upon_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n beside_o which_o kind_n

receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o though_o the_o viol_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v above_o five_o drachm_n of_o water_n if_o fill_v and_o distend_v the_o empty_a bladder_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v five_o ounce_n and_o half_a a_o drachm_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n possess_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o it_o do_v before_o expansion_n but_o to_o measure_v the_o air_n be_v expansion_n more_o nice_o we_o fix_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o one_o end_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n hermetical_o seal_v the_o diameter_n of_o who_o boar_n be_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v past_v a_o piece_n of_o parchment_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o six_o equal_a part_n and_o mark_v with_o black_a line_n we_o fill_v the_o cylinder_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o after_o a_o few_o trial_n by_o invert_v the_o cylinder_n and_o stop_v the_o open_a end_n with_o one_o finger_n we_o can_v perceive_v that_o as_o much_o air_n may_v be_v permit_v to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o bubble_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o extension_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o of_o those_o twenty_o six_o division_n when_o this_o be_v do_v we_o fit_v the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n to_o the_o height_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n all_o which_o be_v put_v together_o into_o a_o pneumatical_a receiver_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n the_o include_v air_n be_v so_o much_o expanded_a as_o to_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n take_v up_o thirty_o one_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o this_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o cylinder_n which_o afford_v a_o large_a space_n for_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n it_o take_v up_o above_o sixty_o time_n the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o and_o repeat_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o a_o glass_n pipe_n thirty_o inch_n long_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n to_o stand_v out_o through_o by_o weigh_v the_o water_n in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n together_o with_o the_o pipe_n first_o with_o the_o bubble_n of_o air_n include_v and_o after_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v whole_o fill_v with_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n which_o possess_v but_o the_o space_n of_o one_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v be_v expanded_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n so_o much_o by_o its_o own_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o to_o take_v up_o 152_o time_n its_o space_n before_o extension_n and_o since_o marcennus_n affirm_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v so_o expanded_a by_o heat_n as_o to_o take_v up_o seventy_o time_n its_o space_n i_o convey_v a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o cylinder_n descend_v down_o almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o it_o be_v very_o convex_v and_o seem_v several_a time_n to_o knock_v upon_o and_o rebound_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o water_n it_o depress_v upon_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o air_n be_v much_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o viol._n experiment_n vii_o what_o figure_n best_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n have_v get_v a_o thin_a glass_n bubble_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o five_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o slender_a neck_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n we_o moderate_o exhaust_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o then_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o pump_n we_o join_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o receiver_n stop_v the_o cranny_n with_o melt_a plaster_n to_o prevent_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n and_o though_o the_o glass_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o paper_n yet_o upon_o turn_v the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o give_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n liberty_n to_o expand_v the_o bubble_n sustain_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n without_o be_v break_v experiment_n viii_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v we_o take_v a_o glass_n alembick_a which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o three_o pint_n represent_v by_o the_o seven_o figure_n the_o rostrum_n e_o be_v hermetical_o close_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rostrum_n be_v a_o hole_n into_o which_o one_o of_o the_o shank_n of_o a_o stop-cock_n of_o a_o ordinary_a size_n be_v cement_v the_o other_o be_v fix_v with_o cement_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o alembick_a be_v cover_v close_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o lead_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o glass_n present_o crack_v which_o crack_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_o this_o flaw_n extend_v itself_o further_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o exhaust_v yet_o this_o glass_n vessel_n be_v near_o twenty_o time_n thick_a than_o the_o bubble_n and_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o former_a glass_n enable_v it_o so_o much_o better_a to_o sustain_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o suspend_v one_o of_o the_o bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o the_o receiver_n which_o so_o strong_o resist_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o as_o to_o continue_v whole_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n ix_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n a_o experiment_n to_o show_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-mi proceed_v not_o from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n etc._n etc._n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o slender_a glass_n pipe_n into_o a_o viol_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o fix_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n with_o a_o cement_n of_o rosin_n and_o pitch_n so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n as_o in_o fig._n 6_o this_o viol_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n as_o much_o water_n be_v put_v into_o it_o as_o wrought_v a_o little_a above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v most_o of_o it_o without_o the_o vessel_n a_o hole_n have_v be_v purposely_o make_v for_o it_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o event_n of_o which_o trial_n be_v that_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o pump_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n internal_o press_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o receiver_n not_o equal_o press_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o bottle_n burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o it_o with_o such_o a_o force_n as_o to_o crack_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n and_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n with_o a_o round_a glass_n bubble_n the_o leaden_a cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o only_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o as_o to_o thrust_v out_o one_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o glass_n bubble_n be_v crack_v into_o piece_n with_o such_o violence_n as_o to_o tear_v a_o bladder_n which_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o break_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o though_o the_o large_a receiver_n be_v apt_a upon_o some_o trial_n to_o crack_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o render_v altogether_o useless_a since_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n compress_n the_o lip_n of_o the_o glass_n close_o together_o but_o if_o the_o crack_v be_v considerable_a it_o may_v be_v cement_v with_o a_o plaster_n make_v of_o quicklime_n and_o scrape_n of_o cheese_n ground_n together_o very_o fine_o in_o a_o mortar_n and_o make_v into_o a_o paste_n with_o a_o little_a water_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o a_o cloth_n about_o three_o inch_n broad_a must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o crack_n experiment_n x._o receiver_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n in_o a_o receiver_n have_v suspend_v a_o tallow_n candle_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o

rise_v at_o the_o first_o exsuction_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v it_o will_v run_v down_o through_o the_o exhaust_v brass_n syphon_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o mercury_n depend_v not_o on_o suction_n or_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la whatever_o some_o learned_a man_n teach_v but_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n since_o a_o baroscope_n consult_v at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v it_o at_o such_o a_o height_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o argument_n against_o those_o that_o dispute_n for_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la so_o it_o be_v against_o those_o that_o hold_v that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o rarify_v substance_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n for_o though_o we_o can_v rarify_v the_o air_n further_o by_o continue_v the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n yet_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o rise_v one_o jot_n high_o annotation_n but_o the_o syphon_n here_o mention_v be_v elsewhere_o make_v use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v first_o the_o pipe_n which_o bend_v so_o much_o be_v make_v of_o metal_n to_o make_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o break_v second_o the_o end_n of_o it_o which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v a_o little_a wide_o than_o any_o other_o part_n to_o admit_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n three_o the_o cement_n which_o join_v the_o brass_n pipe_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v loose_a i_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o one_o to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v together_o with_o a_o glass_n syphon_n about_o 10_o inch_n high_a see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 2._o where_o the_o whole_a be_v represent_v and_o though_o this_o additional_a glass_n make_v the_o experiment_n long_o and_o more_o tedious_a yet_o it_o be_v more_o useful_a and_o secure_a experiment_n fourteen_o the_o different_a height_n to_o which_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v elevate_v by_o suction_n according_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n vary_v three_o see_v plate_n the_o five_o fig._n the_o three_o from_z experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v to_o what_o height_n mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n we_o may_v guess_v at_o what_o height_n water_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v 14_o time_n light_a than_o the_o former_a but_o to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v i_o cause_v a_o small_a pipe_n which_o branch_a itself_o into_o two_o see_v plate_n the_o 5_o fig._n the_o 3_o so_o that_o a_o cylinder_n be_v fix_v to_o each_o branch_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v will_v rise_v proportionable_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v they_o to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n water_n rose_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o 42_o inch_n and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o tube_n not_o above_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v fourteen_o time_n high_o than_o the_o mercury_n and_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o satisfactory_a we_o let_v air_n into_o the_o receiver_n till_o the_o water_n subside_v to_o fourteen_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o mercury_n be_v sink_v to_o about_o a_o inch_n for_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o 1_o to_o 14_o precise_o specify_v but_o thereabouts_o from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v draw_v argument_n not_o only_o against_o what_o be_v teach_v concern_v nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o it_o may_v likewise_o more_o nice_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n for_o have_v put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n under_o the_o glass_n tube_v fresh_a water_n and_o into_o the_o other_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o salt_n water_n be_v but_o 40_o inch_n high_a but_o have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o brine_n make_v of_o sea-salt_n melt_v in_o the_o air_n instead_o of_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o brine_n do_v not_o exceed_v seven_o i_o likewise_o put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n when_o this_o experiment_n be_v over_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n and_o common_a water_n into_o the_o other_o and_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o solution_n be_v raise_v but_o to_o 30._o experiment_n xv._o to_o what_o height_n water_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v proportionable_o to_o their_o specific_a gravity_n have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o bottle_n and_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o mercury_n we_o immerse_v one_o pipe_n so_o low_a as_o to_o have_v its_o end_n in_o the_o mercury_n and_o another_o pipe_n be_v likewise_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n only_o which_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o cement_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o the_o engine_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v each_o divide_v into_o inches_n by_o hard_a wax_n with_o which_o they_o be_v mark_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n rise_v 15_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o quicksilver_n experiment_n xvi_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o short_a tube_n and_o water_n into_o one_o that_o be_v long_o both_o of_o they_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v we_o invert_v they_o both_o the_o end_n of_o each_o rest_n in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o by_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n the_o mercury_n subside_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v soon_o than_o it_o ought_v according_a to_o statical_a rule_n which_o we_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n which_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v it_o by_o their_o spring_n yet_o the_o water_n when_o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v near_o as_o high_a as_o before_o experiment_n xvii_o etc._n the_o great_a height_n to_o which_o water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o high_a water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n i_o provide_v a_o long_a tube_n about_o thirty_o foot_n long_o be_v make_v of_o several_a tin_n pipe_n close_o join_v together_o with_o soder_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o black_a cement_n which_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o stick_v to_o our_o hand_n we_o cover_v with_o plaster_n of_o paris_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pipe_n be_v fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o and_o to_o the_o top_n of_o that_o be_v fix_v another_o pipe_n consist_v of_o two_o piece_n which_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n with_o each_o other_o part_n of_o which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n 1._o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n 1._o and_o the_o other_o perpendicular_a the_o low_a end_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o engine_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-roofed_n house_n and_o a_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n be_v put_v under_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o water_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n emit_v several_a bubble_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n former_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o chief_a aim_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v only_o to_o try_v to_o what_o height_n the_o water_n can_v be_v raise_v i_o cause_v the_o pump_n to_o be_v nimble_o ply_v till_o the_o water_n can_v rise_v no_o high_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n measure_v by_o a_o string_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 33_o foot_n and_o about_o six_o inch_n quicksilver_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n stand_v at_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o 3_o eight_o of_o a_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v near_o fourteen_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mercury_n in_o which_o experiment_n that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v sufficient_o exhaust_v appear_v from_o several_a circumstance_n as_o first_o if_o any_o air_n get_v in_o at_o cranny_n in_o the_o pipe_n it_o will_v rise_v in_o bubble_n easy_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o bubble_n be_v considerable_a yet_o more_o air_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o pump_n than_o can_v get_v in_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v empty_a enough_o but_o in_o this_o experiment_n

the_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o a_o stream_n through_o the_o spirit_n in_o warm_a water_n the_o ice_n will_v swim_v but_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o the_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v sink_v like_o a_o stone_n 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v clear_a from_o bubble_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v and_o very_o transparent_a will_v not_o sink_v in_o water_n but_o another_o piece_n which_o in_o a_o microscope_n appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o bubble_n be_v nevertheless_o transparent_a and_o will_v float_v on_o water_n 4._o that_o the_o levity_n and_o expansion_n of_o ice_n depend_v on_o the_o number_n of_o bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o be_v unquestionable_a but_o how_o it_o come_v by_o those_o bubble_n be_v a_o matter_n that_o deserve_v our_o inquiry_n and_o though_o mr_n hobbes_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o intrusion_n of_o some_o external_a airy_a part_n yet_o we_o observe_v that_o water_n defend_v from_o the_o intrusion_n of_o external_a air_n be_v not_o without_o bubble_n when_o freeze_v in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v but_o be_v expanded_a the_o numerous_a bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o give_v it_o a_o whitish_a opacity_n and_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n be_v afford_v by_o ice_n freeze_v in_o metalline_a vessel_n 5._o and_o that_o the_o ice_n freeze_v in_o the_o hermetical_o seal_a glass_n receive_v not_o its_o bubble_n from_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o with_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v first_o since_o the_o water_n must_v be_v expanded_a before_o it_o can_v divide_v that_o air_n into_o bubble_n second_o that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n can_v be_v disperse_v through_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o cause_v it_o to_o expand_v appear_v since_o oftentimes_o it_o be_v so_o far_o compress_v by_o the_o swell_a ice_n that_o it_o break_v the_o glass_n which_o it_o will_v not_o do_v can_v it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o ice_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o freeze_a water_n but_o three_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o insinuation_n of_o airy_a part_n it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o the_o air_n which_o be_v so_o many_o time_n light_a than_o water_n can_v dive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o that_o too_o without_o be_v see_v four_o if_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o ice_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o external_a air_n depress_v through_o freeze_a water_n ice_n thaw_v will_v yield_v air_n enough_o to_o fill_v as_o much_o space_n as_o the_o freeze_a water_n possess_v more_o than_o the_o thaw_a water_n 6._o that_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o freeze_a water_n be_v not_o adequate_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o sometime_o the_o air_n that_o they_o contain_v be_v afford_v by_o those_o airy_a part_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n and_o that_o they_o be_v often_o generate_v numerous_o notwithstanding_o a_o recess_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o air_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i._o water_n free_v from_o bubble_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it and_o afterward_o convey_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n expanded_a not_o so_o much_o as_o common_a water_n nor_o be_v the_o ice_n near_o so_o full_a of_o bubble_n ii_o water_n which_o have_v be_v free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o prismatical_a engine_n be_v freeze_v contain_v few_o bubble_n but_o be_v thaw_v and_o then_o pour_v into_o a_o glass-cylind_a it_o be_v powerful_o expanded_a so_o far_o as_o to_o burst_v the_o glass_n iii_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o narrow_a stem_n be_v fill_v so_o far_o with_o water_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o rise_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o stem_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v bubble_n rise_v so_o plentiful_o that_o the_o liquor_n seem_v to_o boil_v which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v of_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expanded_a liquor_n be_v freeze_v have_v rise_v a_o great_a way_n above_o its_o first_o height_n when_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o open_a air_n of_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o make_v it_o thaw_v leisurely_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o when_o that_o be_v dissolve_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v of_o a_o unusual_a texture_n be_v void_a of_o bubble_n and_o not_o unlike_o a_o frost_a piece_n of_o glass_n who_o asperety_n be_v very_o thick_o set_v when_o the_o ice_n be_v almost_o thaw_v we_o convey_v the_o bubble_n into_o the_o receiver_n but_o though_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v we_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o ice_n be_v soon_o melt_v but_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o few_o bubble_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n some_o few_o appear_v in_o the_o ice_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v we_o take_v the_o glass-bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n if_o not_o a_o little_a below_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n when_o expanded_a rise_v three_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n be_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a the_o ice_n seem_v to_o take_v up_o about_o a_o twelve_o part_n more_o than_o the_o unfreeze_v water_n 7._o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o that_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o bubble_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v considerable_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mixture_n wrought_v in_o which_o we_o perceive_v beside_o a_o few_o large_a bubble_n small_a one_o enough_o to_o render_v it_o opacous_a 8._o to_o show_v that_o the_o bubble_n perceivable_a in_o ice_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o true_a and_o springy_a air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o place_v a_o glass-egg_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a again_o as_o a_o ordinary_a egg_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fiill_v with_o water_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o neck_n stand_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o circumscribe_v it_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o end_n of_o my_o finger_n the_o particular_n afford_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v i._o the_o water_n do_v not_o sensible_o subside_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ii_o some_o part_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o swell_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n iii_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n rise_v 4_o 2_o 9_o inch_n and_o continue_v to_o rise_v till_o it_o be_v above_o five_o inch_n ½_n when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o iv_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o leave_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n uncongeal_v v._n no_o bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o water_n though_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o they_o some_o be_v as_o large_a as_o small_a pease_n vi_o we_o pour_v as_o much_o salad-oil_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o wrought_v two_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v the_o end_n of_o it_o up_o the_o water_n subside_v a_o little_a but_o be_v present_o raise_v again_o to_o its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o mixture_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o stem_n remain_v above_o the_o oil_n fill_v with_o air._n vii_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v weigh_v first_o in_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o water_n poise_v with_o its_o opposite_a weight_n viii_o upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n several_a bubble_n rise_v which_o vanish_v at_o the_o top_n ix_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la continue_v the_o same_o and_o subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o no_o low_o though_o it_o have_v part_v with_o so_o many_o bubble_n x._o the_o glass_n be_v invert_v the_o seal_a end_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n upon_o which_o some_o of_o it_o be_v force_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n press_v the_o contain_v air_n into_o less_o room_n than_o before_o xi_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n possess_v the_o same_o place_n that_o they_o do_v before_o xii_o the_o oil_n be_v throw_v out_o and_o so_o much_o water_n put_v into_o the_o stem_n as_o raise_v the_o surface_n as_o high_a as_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o glaciation_n the_o glass_n weigh_v 4374_o grain_n when_o fill_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n it_o weigh_v 4152_o and_o when_o empty_a 1032_o so_o that_o the_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o

fill_v so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o air_n betwixt_o the_o finger_n and_o the_o mercury_n three_o before_o the_o tube_n be_v quite_o fill_v it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o invert_v the_o tube_n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o may_v by_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o upon_o a_o re-inversion_n back_o again_o gather_v all_o those_o little_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o mercury_n as_o it_o pass_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o another_o and_o to_o drain_v the_o mercury_n more_o exact_o you_o may_v by_o apply_v a_o hot_a iron_n cause_n those_o less_o bubble_n which_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o former_a method_n to_o break_v forth_o which_o will_v be_v promote_v by_o shake_v the_o vessel_n upon_o every_o drop_n of_o mercury_n put_v into_o the_o pipe_n by_o which_o method_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v the_o tube_n of_o air_n i_o have_v in_o one_o that_o be_v pretty_a short_a raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o no_o less_o than_o 30_o digit_n and_o a_o eight_o experiemint_n xviii_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o glass-cylind_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o consider_v have_v fill_v a_o tube_n about_o 3_o foot_n long_o with_o mercury_n and_o place_v it_o in_o a_o wooden_a frame_n in_o the_o window_n i_o observe_v the_o mercury_n be_v sensible_o depress_v in_o hot_a wether_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n which_o swim_v about_o it_o and_o raise_v again_o in_o cold_a the_o altitude_n very_o often_o vary_v without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n so_o that_o in_o five_o week_n time_n it_o have_v ascend_v and_o descend_v about_o two_o inch_n the_o utmost_a descent_n below_o the_o altitude_n of_o its_o first_o suspension_n be_v 9_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o it_o be_v utmost_a descent_n be_v 7_o 16_o and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n will_v have_v be_v more_o considerable_a have_v the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o long_a tube_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air._n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o can_v there_o be_v any_o sensible_a variation_n observe_v in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mereury_n upon_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n in_o determine_v whether_o the_o pressure_n make_v upon_o the_o air_n by_o the_o moon_n be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o cause_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o it_o and_o such_o like_a phaenomena_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o observe_v further_o have_v take_v the_o cylindrical_a tube_n out_o of_o the_o wooden_a frame_n on_o a_o snowy_a day_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v twenty_o nine_o digit_n and_o three_o quarter_n above_o the_o basis_n which_o it_o lean_v on_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v from_o whence_o these_o variation_n in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n proceed_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a consideration_n suspend_v the_o reason_n why_o mercury_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o suspend_v first_o that_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n be_v very_o weak_a and_o not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o strong_a resistance_n to_o the_o rise_a mercury_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o cause_n why_o it_o rise_v no_o high_a because_o the_o asmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v no_o more_o of_o it_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v balance_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la for_o the_o resistance_n which_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n can_v make_v be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o will_v rise_v but_o very_o little_o high_o be_v there_o none_o at_o all_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n second_o we_o may_v consider_v that_o the_o external_n air_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o more_o alteration_n and_o change_n than_o the_o internal_a contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o latter_a be_v subject_n to_o be_v wrought_v on_o only_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a but_o the_o former_a be_v subject_n to_o many_o and_o considerable_a alteration_n beside_o those_o observable_a in_o this_o experiment_n the_o effect_n of_o its_o faint_a change_n be_v evident_a by_o their_o effect_n on_o bruise_a and_o feeble_a body_n and_o that_o there_o be_v considerable_a change_n in_o the_o air_n air._n considerable_a change_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o kircherus_n during_o his_o stay_n in_o malta_n observe_v concern_v mount_n aetna_n which_o he_o can_v see_v from_o that_o place_n on_o some_o day_n though_o on_o other_o which_o seem_v clear_a the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v that_o he_o can_v not_o discern_v it_o and_z thet_z the_o like_a change_n of_o the_o air_n have_v sensible_o alter_v the_o prospect_n of_o several_a place_n be_v too_o common_o know_v to_o need_v further_a instance_n and_o we_o ourselves_o have_v often_o take_v notice_n of_o plentiful_a steam_n and_o exhalation_n in_o the_o air_n by_o the_o use_n of_o telescope_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o which_o after_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v present_o disappear_v and_o that_o such_o steam_n do_v rise_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o miner_n who_o be_v often_o too_o sensible_a of_o damp_n which_o except_o timely_o prevent_v make_v the_o air_n so_o thick_a and_o muddy_a as_o to_o put_v out_o their_o very_a candle_n and_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o since_o the_o external_n air_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v alter_v so_o many_o way_n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o insensible_a corpuscle_n of_o matter_n its_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o several_a variation_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o suspend_v mercury_n since_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v rarify_v its_o pressure_n in_o bodying_n up_o the_o mercury_n must_v according_o be_v vary_v experiment_n xix_o water_n the_o subside_v of_o a_o small_a cylinder_n of_o water_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o our_o receiver_n as_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n do_v we_o fill_v a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o with_o it_o which_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o low_a end_n place_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n we_o let_v it_o down_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o close_v it_o up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o find_v that_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v exhaust_v as_o to_o leave_v the_o include_v air_n so_o much_o weaken_a in_o its_o spring_n as_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o and_o overpower_a by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n and_o then_o upon_o every_o suction_n it_o sensible_o subside_v though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n for_o whereas_o the_o quicksilver_n subside_v till_o it_o fall_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o basis_n the_o expanded_a air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o water_n a_o foot_n high_a but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n the_o quantity_n of_o air_n include_v in_o that_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n it_o sensible_o subside_v upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n and_o much_o low_a upon_o the_o second_o and_o sometime_o not_o much_o less_o than_o two_o foot_n and_o the_o water_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o with_o more_o speed_n than_o the_o former_a experiment_n xx._n water_n conceen_v the_o elater_n of_o water_n to_o evince_v that_o water_n have_v beside_o a_o notable_a one_o a_o languid_a elater_n we_o fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n term_v by_o the_o chemist_n a_o phylosophical_a egg_n about_o a_o span_n above_o the_o bubble_n with_o water_n where_o fix_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n we_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o after_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o the_o water_n sensible_o rise_v upon_o every_o exsuction_n the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o upon_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n present_o subside_v to_o its_o former_a place_n another_o instance_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n i_o obtain_v by_o fill_v a_o round_a pewter_n vessel_n with_o water_n at_o a_o small_a hole_n which_o be_v stop_v with_o soder_n and_o the_o vessel_n bruise_v in_o several_a place_n to_o compress_v the_o water_n the_o vessel_n be_v perforate_v with_o a_o needle_n it_o spin_v out_o with_o force_n enough_o to_o raise_v it_o a_o considerable_a height_n

light_n to_o proceed_v from_o some_o refraction_n from_o the_o glass_n darken_v within_o by_o those_o white_a steam_n second_o that_o since_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o part_n gross_a enough_o to_o appear_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o rise_v from_o bonfire_n the_o reflection_n may_v proceed_v from_o some_o gross_a airy_a part_n within_o the_o receiver_n three_o the_o whiteness_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a surface_n of_o the_o airy_a part_n reflect_v one_o upon_o another_o like_a looking-glass_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v each_o other_o contiguous_a so_o water_n or_o egg_n beat_v to_o froth_n lose_v their_o transparency_n and_o appear_v white_a but_o further_o have_v immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o our_o receiver_n in_o water_n and_o set_v the_o pump_n on_o work_n the_o water_n be_v draw_v in_o through_o a_o small_a hole_n have_v its_o part_n so_o break_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v full_a of_o milk_n rather_o than_o water_n and_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o crystal_n be_v throw_v very_o hot_a into_o cold_a water_n it_o will_v crack_v and_o have_v so_o many_o new_a surface_n within_o appear_v white_a which_o thing_n be_v consider_v and_o weigh_v it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o improbable_a guest_n that_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n proceed_v from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n displace_v as_o to_o their_o posture_n and_o situation_n as_o whilst_o in_o that_o motion_n to_o disturb_v their_o former_a continuity_n and_o transparency_n and_o this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v make_v probable_a by_o observe_v that_o the_o more_o air_n be_v include_v the_o more_o conspicuous_a be_v the_o whiteness_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o this_o viz._n that_o have_v exhaust_v the_o receiver_n and_o apply_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o stop-cock_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o it_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v so_o disorder_v by_o so_o sudden_a a_o disilition_n of_o its_o part_n that_o it_o appear_v like_o milk_n but_o upon_o a_o sudden_a re-ingress_n of_o the_o air_n become_v transparent_a again_o but_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o the_o whiteness_n in_o water_n turn_v into_o bubble_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o interposition_n of_o so_o heterogeneous_a a_o body_n as_o air_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o i_o have_v in_o another_o place_n mention_v two_o volatile_a liquor_n which_o be_v mix_v produce_v a_o white_a consistent_a body_n though_o both_o the_o ingredient_n be_v transparent_a but_o have_v convey_v some_o smoke_n into_o our_o receiver_n and_o observe_v upon_o ply_v of_o the_o pump_n that_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o pump_n become_v opacous_a we_o suspect_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o former_a mention_a light_n sometime_o appear_v and_o sometime_o do_v not_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o matter_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n more_o at_o one_o time_n than_o another_o which_o be_v dispose_v more_o to_o cause_v such_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_a as_o to_o afford_v the_o forenamed_a phaenomenon_n which_o be_v render_v probable_a by_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v opaque_v when_o the_o smoke_n settle_v about_o the_o side_n of_o it_o and_o it_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v by_o what_o we_o mention_v before_o of_o our_o smoke_a liquor_n where_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o new_a motion_n become_v opacous_a instead_o of_o transparent_a and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v how_o the_o air_n shall_v abound_v with_o such_o various_a part_n of_o matter_n i_o must_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o unusual_a observation_n that_o the_o air_n undergo_v several_a and_o very_a frequent_a change_n for_o beside_o several_a instance_n which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n observe_v that_o in_o america_n there_o be_v wind_n which_o natural_o trouble_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o make_v it_o green_a and_o black_a other_o clear_a as_o crystal_n beside_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o pendula_fw-la as_o well_o as_o scale_n suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n lose_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o their_o brightness_n upon_o draw_v out_o and_o let_v in_o the_o air._n and_o i_o once_o make_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o certain_a metalline_a substance_n which_o will_v become_v turbid_v and_o clear_v successive_o for_o several_a time_n for_o which_o strange_a phaenomenon_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v experiment_n xxxviii_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n and_o its_o expansion_n have_v convey_v a_o glass_n vessel_n into_o our_o receiver_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v a_o cylinder_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o enclose_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o ply_v of_o the_o pump_n the_o snow_n begin_v to_o melt_v a_o little_a fast_o than_o we_o expect_v and_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n begin_v to_o freeze_v so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v above_o that_o of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v and_o which_o swim_v about_o it_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v concave_a and_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o powerful_a a_o expansion_n in_o water_n freeze_v as_o not_o only_o to_o burst_v bottle_n in_o the_o wintertime_n but_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v to_o separate_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o metal_n so_o that_o bell-metal_n have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o wet_a and_o that_o wet_a freeze_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n it_o will_v fly_v in_o piece_n and_o cabeus_n in_o lib._n 4._o meteor_n aristot_n relate_v a_o no_o less_o memorable_a account_n of_o vessel_n make_v of_o stone_n which_o will_v fly_v asunder_o upon_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o moisture_n lodge_v in_o their_o pore_n and_o freeze_v there_o where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o cold_a shall_v by_o freeze_a water_n cause_v it_o to_o swell_v whereas_o the_o effect_v it_o have_v upon_o the_o air_n be_v manifest_o to_o condense_a it_o experiment_n thirty-nine_o receiver_n a_o phaenomenon_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n into_o a_o oval_a glass_n so_o that_o it_o almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n we_o cement_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o that_o oval_a and_o then_o convey_v about_o six_o spoon_n full_a of_o water_n into_o the_o egg_n we_o blow_v it_o so_o full_a of_o air_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o suspend_v betwixt_o that_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o viol_n and_o the_o external_a air_n this_o weatherglass_n represent_v by_o the_o fourteen_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v small_a be_v permit_v to_o stand_v about_o five_o inch_n above_o the_o cover_n the_o middle_a of_o which_o it_o penetrate_v upon_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n manifest_o descend_v which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o no_o sensible_a heat_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o receiver_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n since_o by_o bare_o apply_v my_o hand_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o receiver_n that_o gentle_a warmth_n so_o far_o rarify_v the_o air_n in_o the_o egg_n as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n much_o high_a than_o it_o be_v depress_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n though_o we_o will_v not_o thence_o infer_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v cold_a after_o than_o before_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o since_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o egg_n together_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n cause_v the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o give_v way_n for_o want_v of_o a_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o convex_a and_o external_a superficies_n of_o it_o which_o guest_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o probable_a not_o only_o because_o the_o springiness_n of_o glass_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o bend_n of_o it_o but_o likewise_o since_o upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o to_o its_o former_a height_n again_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o experiment_n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n betwixt_o the_o concave_a side_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o bubble_n every_o substance_n fine_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o glass_n have_v not_o its_o part_n in_o a_o agitation_n

omnipotence_n matter_n shall_v be_v so_o extend_v as_o without_o any_o addition_n to_o alter_v its_o dimension_n and_o though_o our_o author_n take_v two_o way_n to_o explicate_v his_o notion_n either_o upon_o a_o supposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v indivisible_a or_o divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la yet_o since_o he_o explicate_v it_o neither_o of_o those_o way_n so_o clear_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o nor_o be_v the_o difficulty_n at_o all_o make_v less_o by_o assert_v that_o matter_n may_v be_v virtual_o so_o extend_v as_o to_o possess_v more_o space_n than_o be_v circumscribe_v by_o it_o since_o a_o virtual_a extension_n be_v as_o unintelligible_a as_o extension_n without_o the_o term_n virtual_o join_v with_o it_o for_o since_o he_o seem_v to_o allow_v the_o part_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v indivisible_a it_o rather_o prejudices_fw-la the_o doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n than_o explain_v it_o since_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a to_o think_v that_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v circumscribe_v by_o a_o certain_a space_n shall_v fill_v a_o large_a space_n without_o be_v divide_v and_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o former_a nor_o do_v it_o at_o all_o explain_v or_o render_v the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n to_o say_v that_o matter_n may_v by_o omnipotence_n be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o possess_v adaequate_o double_a the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o since_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o be_v not_o dispute_v what_o god_n can_v do_v but_o what_o he_o have_v do_v but_o beside_o the_o difficulty_n in_o our_o author_n doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n there_o be_v no_o less_o in_o the_o condensation_n which_o his_o funiculus_fw-la suppose_v for_o since_o he_o allow_v of_o no_o vacuity_n in_o it_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v bring_v near_a than_o to_o touch_v one_o another_o without_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n 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two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o want_v 3_o inch_n of_o that_o station_n which_o it_o be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o our_o adversary_n the_o difference_n plain_o appear_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o different_a length_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n which_o be_v able_a to_o weigh_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o gassendus_fw-la tom._n 1._o p._n 211._o relate_v that_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v 5_o time_n on_o the_o hill_n at_o auvergne_n and_o a_o very_a note_a virtuoso_fw-la mr._n j._n ball_n as_o well_o as_o that_o ingenious_a gentleman_n mr._n townley_n have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o last_o name_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o mercury_n near_o so_o much_o at_o the_o 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bottle_n as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o vessel_n upon_o the_o lead_v of_o westminster_n abby_n when_o the_o air_n be_v think_v to_o be_v equal_o cold_a and_o condensed_a within_o the_o bottle_n as_o without_o we_o mark_v the_o station_n of_o the_o water_n f_o and_o let_v it_o down_o by_o a_o string_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o water_n subside_v a_o inch_n where_o its_o station_n e_z be_v mark_v and_o the_o vessel_n draw_v up_o again_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o mark_n f_o again_o which_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v have_v the_o like_a success_n and_o afterward_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v we_o let_v it_o down_o within_o the_o church_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v at_o g_z a_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n where_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n so_o depress_v it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n into_o the_o glass_n several_a bubble_n break_v through_o into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o glass_n be_v draw_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o church_n again_o the_o water_n be_v manifest_o raise_v in_o the_o tube_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n gravitates_fw-la more_fw-mi caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la the_o near_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v we_o find_v that_o as_o the_o height_n at_o which_o it_o be_v try_v varied_a so_o the_o elevation_n or_o depression_n do_v another_o particular_a which_o may_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o monsieur_n paschal_n viz._n that_o a_o football_n be_v weak_o blow_v and_o carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n swell_v more_o and_o more_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v high_o and_o as_o gradual_o grow_v lank_a when_o it_o be_v carry_v down_o the_o hill_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v long_a or_o short_a it_o make_v a_o great_a gravitation_n and_o pressure_n upon_o the_o bladder_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o experiment_n send_v to_o dr._n croon_n by_o a_o learned_a professor_n of_o gresham_n college_n second_o see_v fig._n the_o sec._n plate_n the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o follow_v have_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o weatherglass_n a_o b_o represent_v by_o the_o second_o figure_n which_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n long_o the_o water_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o pipe_n about_o thirteen_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_n water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o hallifax_n hill_n but_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o subside_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n to_o the_o point_n d_o the_o internal_a air_n a_o c_z which_o be_v take_v in_o at_o the_o bottom_n dilate_v itself_o at_o the_o top_n further_o by_o c_z d_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o descent_n be_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o what_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o such_o a_o small_a ascent_n by_o the_o bare_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n diminish_v the_o reason_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o that_o air_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shorten_v of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n chap._n xix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o air_n compress_v and_o dilate_a to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o do_v much_o more_o than_o we_o have_v attribute_v to_o it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n measure_v the_o air_n be_v condensation_n measure_v have_v pour_v mercury_n into_o a_o glass-tube_n which_o consist_v of_o

we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o brass_n hoop_n about_o 3_o inch_n high_a and_o 3_o inch_n and_o 2_o 10_o in_o diameter_n and_o cement_n a_o round_a piece_n of_o glass_n upon_o the_o one_o orifice_n the_o other_o be_v join_v to_o the_o receiver_n with_o cement_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o atmosphere_n press_v so_o strong_o upon_o the_o glass_n as_o to_o burst_v it_o asunder_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n like_o that_o of_o a_o pistol_n how_o far_o this_o may_v contribute_v to_o account_v for_o the_o noise_n which_o accompany_v the_o explosion_n of_o gunpowder_n in_o pistol_n we_o leave_v other_o to_o consider_v experiment_n viii_o the_o break_n of_o the_o glass_n plate_n in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n may_v be_v account_v for_o without_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la that_o the_o break_n of_o the_o glass_n plate_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n appear_v hence_o for_o if_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a brass_n hoop_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o vessel_n figure_v like_o a_o conus_fw-la truncatus_fw-la or_o a_o sugar-loaf_n the_o cone_n be_v cut_v off_o if_o the_o low_a orifice_n be_v large_a and_z the_o upper_z not_o above_o a_o inch_n diameter_n the_o glass_n plate_n cement_v to_o the_o large_a orifice_n will_v break_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v but_o if_o the_o small_a orifice_n be_v upward_o the_o glass_n cement_v to_o it_o will_v be_v whole_a whereas_o do_v nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n cause_v the_o former_a it_o will_v have_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o the_o latter_a wherefore_o i_o rather_o think_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o latter_a do_v not_o break_v as_o the_o former_a be_v because_o a_o small_a basis_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n press_v upon_o it_o which_o it_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v than_o a_o large_a plate_n of_o glass_n experiment_n ix_o air._n a_o bladder_n burst_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air._n not_o to_o mention_v of_o what_o advantage_n it_o may_v be_v to_o have_v a_o good_a method_n to_o break_v bladder_n fill_v with_o air_n in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n by_o supply_v it_o with_o air_n speedy_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o let_v in_o too_o much_o from_o without_o i_o shall_v intimate_v that_o if_o a_o blow_a bladder_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n the_o internal_a air_n will_v be_v so_o powerful_o expanded_a as_o to_o distend_v the_o bladder_n and_o stretch_v its_o fiber_n which_o when_o take_v out_o again_o and_o the_o bladder_n at_o the_o neck_n be_v tie_v something_o near_a than_o before_o the_o bladder_n so_o distend_v with_o air_n and_o not_o liable_a to_o give_v way_n a_o second_o time_n to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n the_o next_o time_n it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o be_v apt_a to_o burst_v experiment_n x._o a_o considerable_a weight_n raise_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o a_o bladder_n to_o show_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n be_v so_o 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again_o admit_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o fall_v down_o again_o experiment_n xi_o include_v bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v break_v by_o the_o air_n include_v have_v close_v a_o glass_n bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n more_o than_o usual_o in_o such_o experiment_n about_o four_o minute_n after_o the_o pump_n cease_v to_o work_n the_o bubble_n unexpect_o fly_v into_o so_o many_o piece_n and_o with_o such_o force_n as_o to_o be_v break_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n into_o a_o powder_n as_o small_a as_o sand_n but_o this_o sort_n of_o glass_n be_v capable_a of_o stretch_v a_o little_a before_o it_o break_v may_v be_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o experiment_n do_v not_o always_o succeed_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v weaken_a by_o that_o expansion_n of_o the_o bubble_n experiment_n xii_o trial_n represent_v the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o vncompressed_a air_n upon_o staple_n body_n the_o i._o trial_n have_v cement_v a_o glass_n plate_n upon_o the_o brass_n hoop_n mention_v in_o the_o seven_o experiment_n and_o join_v the_o other_o orifice_n of_o the_o hoop_n with_o cement_n to_o the_o pump_n upon_o that_o a_o large_a receiver_n be_v fix_v so_o that_o the_o hoop_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o receiver_n keep_v the_o atmosphere_n from_o press_v upon_o it_o yet_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o hoop_n the_o spring_n of_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n break_v the_o glass_n plate_n into_o a_o hundred_o piece_n the_o ii_o trial_n and_o a_o receiver_n shape_v like_o a_o tumbler_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v only_o a_o six_o part_n of_o what_o the_o large_a receiver_n do_v be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n present_o shatter_v the_o glass_n plate_n in_o piece_n the_o iii_o trial_n spring_n the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n but_o a_o large_a square_a glass_n capable_a of_o hold_v a_o pound_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o hoop_n and_o the_o glass_n plate_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n both_o when_o the_o large_a receiver_n be_v whelm_v over_o it_o and_o likewise_o when_o a_o receiver_n not_o much_o high_a than_o itself_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o which_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n make_v a_o great_a pressure_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n than_o the_o top_n first_o break_v they_o and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v in_o the_o last_o experiment_n that_o the_o glass_n do_v not_o fly_v in_o piece_n till_o some_o time_n after_o the_o last_o exsuction_n but_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v question_v whether_o the_o glass_n be_v break_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n we_o repeat_v one_o of_o the_o former_a trial_n with_o the_o brass_n hoop_n leave_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o hoop_n a_o small_a tube_n who_o cavity_n be_v no_o wide_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o a_o hair_n be_v lodge_v in_o part_n of_o the_o cement_n and_o upon_o ply_v the_o pump_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o free_a though_o a_o small_a vent_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n do_v not_o break_v the_o plate_n as_o before_o yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o the_o hoop_n too_o fast_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n not_o find_v quick_a vent_n will_v break_v the_o glass_n plate_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v balance_v by_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o hoop_n and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n a_o slender_a pipe_n blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n upon_o its_o first_o removal_n into_o the_o cold_a have_v its_o side_n if_o thin_a squeeze_v near_o together_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v great_a than_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o internal_a experiment_n xiii_o suction_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n no_o highy_a in_o pipe_n than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n impel_v it_o have_v fit_v one_o end_n see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 2._o of_o a_o brass_n bend_a pipe_n to_o a_o stop-cock_n 2._o see_v plate_n the_o 5._o fig._n the_o 2._o and_o the_o other_o end_n to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a glass_n pipe_n near_o 50_o inch_n long_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o a_o glass_n of_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n above_o thirty_o inch_n by_o frequent_a and_o reiterated_a suction_n but_o water_n be_v substitute_v instead_o of_o mercury_n it_o

pillar_n to_o which_o the_o feather_n be_v fasten_v be_v join_v to_o the_o upper_a basis_n of_o the_o bellows_o with_o cement_n we_o fix_v a_o weight_n to_o the_o low_a basis_n and_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n eight_o see_v fig._n the_o eight_o where_o we_o observe_v upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bellows_o raise_v up_o the_o upper_a basis_n together_o with_o its_o weight_n and_o the_o air_n rise_v out_o at_o the_o vent_n manifest_o move_v the_o feather_n but_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o exhaust_v and_o the_o weight_n upon_o the_o upper_a basis_n depress_v it_o violent_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o the_o feather_n be_v in_o the_o least_o move_v and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v upon_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o great_a and_o seem_a spontaneous_a ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o pipe_n fill_v with_o a_o compact_a body_n who_o particle_n be_v think_v incapable_a of_o imbibe_v it_o we_o take_v a_o slender_a pipe_n and_o have_v tie_v a_o linen-cloth_n to_o the_o jow_a orifice_n we_o fill_v it_o with_o minium_n and_o immerge_v it_o in_o water_n in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n about_o a_o inch_n the_o water_n ascend_v about_o 30_o inch_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v in_o another_o it_o rise_v 40_o inch_n in_o which_o kind_n of_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v first_o that_o other_o powder_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o experiment_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o nor_o be_v the_o success_n much_o better_a when_o we_o make_v use_v of_o ink_n instead_o of_o water_n second_o our_o experiment_n succeed_v the_o better_a the_o fine_a and_o close_a the_o minium_n be_v but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v too_o small_a the_o event_n will_v not_o always_o be_v successful_a three_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n ascend_v not_o to_o it_o be_v utmost_a under_o 30_o hour_n and_o sometime_o long_o four_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o water_n in_o our_o tube_n rise_v without_o any_o swell_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o some_o learned_a man_n ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o water_n rise_v in_o filtre_n to_o five_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v as_o probable_a that_o the_o sap_n in_o tree_n may_v rise_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n be_v promote_v by_o heat_n and_o a_o due_a texture_n of_o part_n experiment_n xxxvii_o of_o the_o seem_a spontaneous_a ascent_n of_o salt_n along_o the_o side_n of_o glass_n with_o a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o i_o have_v several_a time_n observe_v that_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o sea-salt_n or_o vitriol_n be_v evaporate_v the_o coagulate_v salt_n will_v creep_v up_o the_o side_n of_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n in_o which_o the_o solution_n be_v contain_v and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v long_o continue_v they_o will_v rise_v over_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o cover_v the_o external_a superficies_n with_o a_o crust_n of_o salt_n as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o strange_a a_o phaenomenon_n though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v positive_a in_o it_o yet_o it_o may_v not_o improbable_o depend_v on_o the_o like_a cause_n as_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n for_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o edge_n of_o water_n be_v not_o only_o above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n but_o sea-salt_n as_o well_o as_o several_a other_o crystallise_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n they_o swim_v in_o and_o near_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n their_o coagulation_n be_v promote_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o which_o salt_n when_o once_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v beset_v with_o they_o the_o water_n may_v rise_v to_o the_o top_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o it_o do_v in_o the_o slender_a pipe_n before_o mention_v and_o salt_n carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o those_o and_o coagulate_v there_o still_o lay_v a_o further_a bottom_n for_o their_o ascent_n and_o so_o successive_o till_o they_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o that_o there_o be_v passage_n betwixt_o these_o saline_a part_n for_o the_o water_n to_o ascend_v through_o appear_v since_o they_o may_v be_v break_v off_o in_o flake_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o the_o water_n in_o such_o a_o ascent_n will_v dissolve_v the_o salt_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o much_o impregnate_v with_o salt_n already_o can_v imbibe_n no_o more_o and_o consequent_o for_o that_o reason_n when_o it_o run_v down_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n coagulate_v by_o the_o way_n be_v too_o thick_a and_o full_a of_o salt_n to_o continue_v long_o fluid_a experiment_n xxxviii_o a_o attempt_n to_o measure_v the_o gravity_n of_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v and_o express_v by_o common_a weight_n size_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n of_o a_o determinate_a size_n be_v desirous_a to_o know_v what_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n of_o air_n of_o a_o determinate_a diameter_n i_o cause_v a_o pipe_n to_o be_v make_v of_o brass_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n three_o one_o end_n of_o which_o be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o brass_n i_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n and_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v about_o 137_o drachm_n 45_o grain_n of_o mercury_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o ten_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n of_o 30_o inch_n and_o consequent_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n able_a to_o counterpoise_v it_o must_v amount_v to_o 12_o ounce_n and_o about_o 6_o drachm_n and_o by_o weigh_v water_n in_o this_o tube_n before_o the_o mercury_n be_v put_v into_o it_o the_o water_n weigh_v 10_o drachm_n 15_o grain_n the_o proportion_n of_o water_n to_o mercury_n seem_v as_o 13_o 18_o 41_o to_o 1._o but_o in_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pillar_n of_o air_n it_o may_v be_v here_o requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n because_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n be_v unfit_a for_o such_o a_o experiment_n since_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o boar_n of_o such_o tube_n be_v equal_a throughout_o their_o diameter_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v thus_o find_v it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o know_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o a_o different_a diameter_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o proportion_n and_o the_o 14_o proposition_n of_o the_o 12_o book_n of_o euclid_n element_n for_o since_o according_a to_o that_o cylinder_v of_o equal_a base_n be_v to_o one_o another_o as_o to_o their_o height_n and_o since_o by_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o the_o same_o element_n such_o circle_n as_o the_o base_n of_o cylinder_n be_v to_o one_o another_o as_o the_o square_n of_o their_o diameter_n and_o since_o mercurial_a cylinder_n will_v bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n in_o weight_n as_o they_o do_v in_o bulk_n the_o rule_n will_v be_v that_o as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o standard_n cylinder_n be_v to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n propose_v so_o will_v the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o to_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o so_o that_o the_o square_a of_o one_o inch_n be_v 1_o and_o the_o square_a of_o 2_o be_v four_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o latter_a will_v be_v four_o time_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n thirty-nine_o the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o a_o loadstone_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o try_v how_o far_o the_o account_n give_v of_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o loadstone_n depend_v on_o what_o some_o modern_a philosopher_n teach_v viz._n that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o loadstone_n press_v away_o the_o air_n betwixt_o the_o body_n attract_v that_o air_n help_v the_o attraction_n by_o press_v against_o the_o opsite_a side_n of_o the_o stone_n we_o place_v a_o vigorous_a loadstone_n in_o our_o receiver_n have_v adapt_v a_o cap_n of_o steel_n to_o it_o to_o the_o low_a side_n of_o which_o a_o scale_n with_o 6_o ounce_n of_o troy_n weight_n be_v fix_v which_o be_v all_o the_o loadstone_n beside_o the_o steel_n and_o the_o scale_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v up_o all_o which_o be_v suspend_v at_o a_o button_n which_o be_v on_o purpose_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v as_o much_o again_o as_o

in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o after_o some_o time_n the_o water_n rise_v about_o a_o inch_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o it_o we_o several_a time_n raise_v the_o sucker_n 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n and_o fuffer_v it_o to_o fall_v again_o without_o perceive_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v in_o the_o least_o affect_a which_o be_v a_o argument_n either_o of_o a_o vacuum_n or_o that_o the_o part_n of_o that_o aether_n be_v so_o fine_a that_o they_o exceed_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n so_o far_o as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v what_o a_o particle_n of_o air_n do_v which_o be_v not_o above_o 1_o 500_o part_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o pin_n head_n a_o particle_n of_o air_n before_o expansion_n of_o that_o minuteness_n be_v able_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v to_o displace_v much_o more_o water_n upon_o their_o expansion_n than_o this_o aether_n by_o which_o experiment_n as_o well_o as_o what_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o reason_n i_o former_o assign_v for_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n make_v use_v of_o in_o these_o experiment_n not_o be_v able_a to_o rise_v when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v though_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o till_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o experiment_n iii_o concern_v the_o fall_n of_o a_o light_a body_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o dispose_v its_o motion_n to_o be_v visible_o alter_v by_o a_o small_a resistance_n of_o the_o air._n to_o discover_v whether_o so_o light_a body_n as_o feather_n will_v be_v affect_v in_o their_o descent_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n by_o any_o subtle_a matter_n contain_v in_o it_o we_o fix_v a_o small_a pair_n of_o tobacco-tong_n in_o such_o a_o receiver_n as_o fig._n the_o four_o represent_v 4._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 4._o which_o be_v 22_o inch_n high_a and_o have_v 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vitriol_n cylinder_n being_n forcible_o turn_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o turn_a key_n the_o steel_n make_v impression_n strong_a enough_o upon_o the_o sugar_n to_o cause_v it_o to_o afford_v not_o only_o several_a flash_n but_o little_a spark_n of_o fire_n experiment_n vii_o the_o production_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o halo_n and_o several_a colour_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o large_a invert_v cucurbite_n for_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v exhaust_v and_o a_o large_a candle_n hold_v on_o the_o opposite_a side_n when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v to_o give_v way_n for_o the_o air_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o cylinder_n the_o

bend_a p._n in_o press_v up_o the_o plug_n e._n e._n e._n the_o finger_n may_v more_o vigorous_o draw_v up_o the_o leaver_n l._n t._n t._n a_o rectangle_n of_o iron_n compass_v the_o leaver_n l._n l._n and_o the_o iron_n o._n p._n o._n to_o keep_v it_o in_o such_o a_o posture_n that_o the_o plug_n may_v not_o fly_v out_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o the_o globe_n a._n a._n i._o i._n a_o elliptic_a hole_n which_o be_v shut_v with_o a_o valve_n that_o open_v inward_a the_o design_n of_o it_o be_v that_o what_o be_v amiss_o in_o the_o globe_n may_v be_v see_v and_o mend_v s._n s._n a_o plate_n of_o metal_n perforate_v with_o a_o screw_n v._o which_o sustain_v the_o valve_n and_o keep_v the_o hole_n v._o shut_v q._n a_o hole_n for_o the_o air_n which_o be_v to_o be_v press_v into_o the_o globe_n to_o enter_v in_o at_o when_o the_o sucker_n d._n be_v pull_v down_o to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n the_o method_n to_o press_v air_n into_o this_o globe_n be_v this_o i_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o crooked_a end_n of_o the_o sucker_n d._n and_o then_o pull_v up_o the_o globe_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n be_v full_a of_o air_n i_o depress_v the_o globe_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o air_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v force_v into_o it_o through_o the_o valve_n f._n and_o this_o method_n be_v take_v as_o long_o as_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n will_v permit_v we_o to_o compress_v it_o any_o further_a the_o air_n may_v be_v discharge_v if_o when_o the_o plug_n d._n be_v draw_v out_o and_o a_o bullet_n be_v put_v into_o the_o tube_n instead_o of_o it_o the_o plug_n e._n e._n e._n be_v raise_v so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o iron_n wire_n may_v open_v the_o valve_n b._n for_o the_o air_n violent_o rush_v out_o will_v drive_v the_o bullet_n away_o with_o great_a violence_n the_o globe_n will_v be_v soon_o fill_v with_o air_n if_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n before_o the_o sucker_n d._n for_o 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b._n to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v the_o low_a orifice_n be_v make_v into_o a_o male_a screw_n d._n c._n which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o female_a screw_n d._n of_o the_o copper_n funnel_n d._n c._n 2._o see_v fig._n 2._o e._n e._n a_o hollow_a tube_n both_o of_o who_o end_n be_v form_v into_o a_o female_a screw_n to_o receive_v the_o male_a screw_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n b.b._n 1._o see_v fig._n 1._o f._n f._n the_o receiver_n lay_v on_o the_o plate_n a._n a._n and_o exact_o fit_v to_o it_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o factitious_a air_n be_v to_o be_v make_v be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n f._n f._n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tunnel_n c._n be_v place_v on_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n b._n be_v open_v the_o air_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n which_o be_v do_v the_o stop-cock_n be_v to_o be_v shut_v again_o and_o the_o male_a screw_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o female_a screw_n in_o the_o brass_n tunnel_n the_o receiver_n be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n to_o keep_v external_n air_n out_o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o compression_n of_o the_o factitious_a air_n they_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o mercurial_a gage_n before_o mention_v to_o transmit_v this_o air_n into_o another_o receiver_n f._n f._n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o small_a tube_n e._n e._n fig._n the_o second_o into_o each_o end_n of_o which_o the_o stop-cock_n of_o two_o receiver_n be_v screw_v and_o the_o cranny_n stop_v with_o cement_n by_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n the_o air_n may_v be_v let_v out_o of_o one_o into_o the_o other_o to_o discover_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o which_o receiver_n because_o they_o must_v be_v invert_v we_o contrive_v the_o follow_a gage_n 4._o see_v fig._n 4._o a._n a._n a_o viol_n fill_v with_o mercury_n up_o to_o the_o superficies_n d._n d._n b._n b._n a_o tube_n cement_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o c._n c._n another_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n leave_v 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the_o middle_a by_o the_o tubes_fw-la c._n c._n d._n d._n which_o be_v cement_v to_o it_o e._n e._n e._n e._n a_o stop-cock_n into_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n d._n d._n be_v insert_v f._n f._n the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n in_o which_o be_v make_v the_o chink_n g._n g._n without_o any_o perforation_n h._n h._n the_o receiver_n to_o which_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v prevent_v a_o ingress_n of_o outward_a air_n and_o have_v a_o due_a intercourse_n with_o the_o pump_n 1._o 1._o l._n l._n a_o glass_n vessel_n m._n the_o stopple_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n fasten_v with_o a_o screw_n 2._o see_v fig._n 2._o a_o stop-cock_n cut_v transverse_a so_o that_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n d._n d._n into_o the_o stop-cock_n may_v be_v perceive_v the_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n be_v as_o follow_v to_o try_v how_o much_o air_n may_v acquire_v new_a quality_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o body_n include_v with_o it_o we_o convey_v that_o body_n into_o the_o vessel_n and_o then_o pour_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n at_o the_o orifice_n m._n until_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n be_v half_o full_a and_o the_o vessel_n l._n l._n swim_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o the_o orifice_n m._n be_v stop_v up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o key_n so_o place_v that_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n may_v communicate_v with_o the_o chink_n g._n g._n upon_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n will_v pass_v through_o the_o pipe_n c._n c._n and_o the_o chink_n g._n g._n into_o the_o receiver_n h._n h._n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o pump_n upon_o which_o the_o chink_n in_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v so_o as_o to_o communicate_v with_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o tube_n d._n d._n and_o then_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o air_n will_v be_v impel_v into_o the_o tube_n d._n d._n and_o emerge_n through_o the_o water_n will_v rise_v into_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n and_o by_o this_o method_n we_o can_v strain_v it_o through_o water_n as_o often_o as_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v inform_v what_o new_a quality_n it_o acquire_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o body_n about_o it_o figure_fw-fr iii_o how_o the_o same_o numerical_a air_n may_v be_v sometime_o condense_v and_o sometime_o rarify_v the_o receiver_n a._n a._n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n and_o the_o stop-cock_n c._n c._n be_v fix_v to_o the_o perforation_n of_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n the_o

receiver_n so_o far_o that_o but_o one_o part_n of_o twenty_o of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o then_o we_o observe_v the_o follow_a particular_n first_o the_o water_n except_o about_o the_o fish_n afford_v no_o froth_n and_o but_o few_o bubble_n second_o the_o fish_n discharge_v several_a bubble_n at_o its_o mouth_n and_o gills_o and_o several_a after_o it_o rest_v half_a a_o hour_n stick_v to_o its_o fin_n and_o tail_n and_o other_o part_n these_o bubble_n by_o swim_v will_v be_v shake_v off_o but_o upon_o a_o little_a rest_n they_o will_v appear_v about_o he_o again_o three_o except_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n he_o seem_v to_o take_v in_o air_n at_o his_o mouth_n and_o gills_o four_o after_o a_o while_n he_o lay_v on_o his_o back_n and_o will_v swim_v in_o that_o posture_n five_o in_o some_o time_n he_o move_v more_o lively_a than_o at_o first_o a_o hour_n and_o half_a after_o he_o be_v include_v he_o seem_v clear_a of_o bubble_n but_o lay_v on_o his_o back_n and_o be_v a_o little_a tumid_a yet_o as_o lively_a as_o before_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o ¼_n after_o he_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o stiff_a yet_o be_v excite_v by_o motion_n he_o move_v a_o little_a air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n whilst_o he_o be_v under_o water_n he_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o seem_v a_o little_a revive_v and_o be_v convey_v along_o with_o the_o water_n into_o a_o basin_n of_o fresh_a water_n he_o be_v further_o recover_v yet_o can_v not_o lie_v on_o his_o belly_n but_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o his_o belly_n seem_v much_o shrink_v he_o be_v alive_a at_o 24_o hour_n end_n and_o then_o be_v able_a to_o lie_v on_o his_o belly_n title_n viii_o of_o two_o animal_n include_v with_o large_a wound_n in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la in_o the_o pneumatical_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la abird_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o small_a bird_n who_o abdomen_fw-la be_v open_v tranvers_o in_o about_o a_o minute_n after_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_n have_v convulsion_n in_o its_o wing_n and_o be_v take_v out_o be_v past_o recover_v though_o there_o be_v very_o little_a alteration_n in_o its_o lung_n and_o the_o auricles_n of_o its_o heart_n continue_v to_o beat_v experiment_n ii_o vacuo_fw-la a_o frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o frog_n who_o abdomen_fw-la be_v so_o much_o open_v that_o two_o curl_a lobe_n of_o its_o lung_n come_v out_o at_o the_o incision_n be_v suspend_v by_o the_o leg_n in_o a_o small_a receiver_n which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v lie_v void_a of_o motion_n its_o abdomen_fw-la and._n thigh_n be_v swell_v very_o much_o as_o if_o distend_v with_o some_o airy_a vapour_n one_o lobe_n when_o the_o frog_n be_v shut_v up_o appear_v full_a the_o other_o shrink_v up_o and_o thus_o they_o continue_v till_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o and_o then_o the_o body_n grow_v less_o tumid_a and_o the_o lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v tumid_a subside_v it_o present_o recover_v title_n ix_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o separate_a heart_n of_o a_o cold_a animal_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la the_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n upon_o a_o tin_n plate_n beat_v as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v grow_v tumid_a emit_v several_a bubble_n out_o of_o it_o yet_o it_o continue_v to_o beat_v as_o fast_o or_o fast_o than_o in_o the_o open_a air._n the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o experiment_n ii_o the_o heart_n of_o another_o though_o tumid_a beat_v a_o hour_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o then_o begin_v to_o fail_v i_o apply_v heat_n to_o the_o glass_n upon_o which_o it_o renew_v and_o continue_v its_o motion_n another_o hour_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v motion_n be_v renew_v by_o apply_v of_o heat_n a_o second_o time_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o hour_n the_o motion_n which_o be_v but_o a_o tremble_a one_o can_v neither_o be_v promote_v by_o the_o air_n nor_o heat_n title_n x._o a_o comparison_n of_o time_n wherein_o animal_n may_v be_v kill_v by_o drown_v or_o withdraw_v of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n sept._n 10._o receiver_n animal_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n a_o green-finch_n be_v sink_v in_o water_n by_o a_o weight_n be_v dead_a after_o it_o have_v lie_v half_o 0184_o 0108_o five_o 3_o a_o minute_n without_o motion_n experiment_n ii_o a_o sparrow_n which_o at_o the_o first_o move_v very_o vigorous_o under_o water_n be_v take_v up_o after_o it_o have_v lie_v half_a a_o minute_n without_o motion_n be_v past_o recovery_n experiment_n iii_o a_o mouse_n be_v immerse_v half_o a_o minute_n and_o some_o second_o after_o some_o faint_a sign_n of_o life_n though_o not_o convulsive_a die_v experiment_n iu._n a_o duck_n be_v immerse_v by_o a_o weight_n after_o it_o have_v lie_v quiet_a for_o a_o minute_n be_v a_o little_a uneasy_a but_o be_v quiet_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o minute_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o recover_v but_o be_v immerse_v again_o in_o fresh_a water_n it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n at_o its_o beak_n and_o nostril_n and_o in_o two_o minute_n time_n begin_v to_o struggle_v at_o the_o end_n of_o four_o minute_n cease_v to_o emit_v bubble_n it_o begin_v to_o gape_v which_o continue_v two_o minute_n and_o then_o its_o head_n hang_v careless_o down_o it_o seem_v dead_a be_v take_v out_o a_o minute_n after_o it_o be_v past_a recovery_n experiment_n v._n a_o duckling_n be_v immerse_v with_o its_o beak_n about_o 2_o inch_n under_o water_n emit_v bubble_n at_o its_o beak_n which_o likewise_o arise_v from_o some_o place_n in_o its_o neck_n about_o as_o far_o from_o its_o eye_n as_o from_o its_o ear_n after_o which_o several_a time_n it_o endeavour_v to_o dive_v low_a and_o have_v be_v moderate_o convulse_v hang_v its_o head_n down_o as_o if_o dead_a at_o 3_o minute_n end_n soon_o after_o a_o tremble_a motion_n appear_v in_o some_o part_n of_o its_o bill_n but_o that_o cease_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o minute_n it_o be_v take_v out_o past_a recovery_n experiment_n vi._n a_o viper_n be_v so_o long_o keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la that_o it_o seem_v dead_a but_o be_v keep_v all_o night_n over_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o a_o glass_n body_n be_v as_o lively_a as_o ever_o then_o we_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n body_n stop_v with_o a_o cork_n and_o depress_v with_o a_o weight_n where_o it_o lay_v a_o considerable_a time_n with_o very_o little_a motion_n when_o four_o hour_n be_v almost_o past_a it_o swim_v above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o have_v several_a time_n put_v out_o its_o tongue_n when_o a_o little_a more_o than_o seven_o hour_n be_v pass_v it_o seem_v dead_a its_o head_n and_o tail_n hang_v down_o without_o motion_n n._n b._n though_o several_a of_o these_o animal_n seem_v to_o die_v a_o little_a soon_o in_o water_n than_o in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o it_o do_v not_o certain_o prove_v that_o the_o former_a kill_v they_o fast_o for_o in_o water_n they_o be_v deprive_v of_o air_n instant_o in_o a_o receiver_n by_o degree_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o hence_o viz._n that_o have_v provide_v a_o receiver_n which_o can_v be_v exhaust_v at_o one_o suck_v the_o animal_n contain_v in_o it_o will_v be_v dead_a in_o half_a a_o minute_n title_n xi_o of_o the_o accident_n that_o happen_v to_o animal_n in_o air_n bring_v to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n but_o not_o near_o the_o utmost_a one_o of_o rarefaction_n experiment_n i._n aug._n 18._o a_o linote_n be_v 3_o hour_n in_o a_o receiver_n vacuo_fw-la several_a animal_n in_o vacuo_fw-la large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 4_o ½_n pint_n seem_v sick_a but_o be_v take_v out_o recover_v experiment_n ii_o aug._n 18._o a_o linote_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n half_o exhaust_v be_v not_o in_o danger_n of_o death_n in_o less_o than_o 1_o ¼_n hour_n and_o then_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n recover_v experiment_n iii_o sept._n 9_o a_o lark_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n together_o with_o a_o gage_n when_o ¾_n of_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n and_o half_n be_v take_v with_o convulsion_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o minute_n be_v past_o recovery_n experiment_n iu._n sept._n 9_o a_o green-finch_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o same_o receiver_n half_o exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n be_v sick_a and_o throw_v matter_n which_o she_o vomit_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o which_o she_o seem_v better_a and_o continue_v so_o for_o 3_o minute_n and_o then_o be_v sick_a and_o vomit_v as_o before_o she_o eat_v part_n of_o it_o up_o

mercury_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v buoy_v up_o so_o high_a it_o will_v not_o be_v elevate_v high_a than_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o but_o those_o modern_a philosopher_n who_o allow_v not_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la ascribe_v the_o ascent_n of_o such_o liquor_n to_o a_o impulse_n or_o propagation_n of_o motion_n by_o the_o dilation_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o they_o think_v that_o the_o lung_n draw_v in_o the_o air_n the_o dilate_a thorax_n propagate_v the_o impulse_n till_o it_o reach_v successive_o the_o body_n suck_v for_o such_o think_v the_o universe_n total_o a_o plenum_fw-la think_v that_o such_o matter_n not_o find_v any_o other_o place_n to_o move_v into_o do_v upon_o that_o score_n buoy_v up_o the_o water_n or_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a the_o dimension_n of_o the_o air_n be_v and_o comparative_o how_o inconsiderable_a a_o impulse_n the_o thorax_n by_o dilate_v can_v make_v it_o will_v scarce_o be_v think_v that_o so_o slight_a a_o one_o will_v compress_v the_o whole_a air_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v it_o impel_v the_o body_n suck_v vigorous_o enough_o to_o rise_v to_o that_o height_n which_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v to_o by_o suction_n but_o the_o ascent_n of_o such_o liquor_n evident_o depend_v on_o this_o that_o by_o suction_n the_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n and_o consequent_o it_o must_v rise_v and_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o the_o stagnant_a water_n to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n and_o to_o refute_v the_o other_o i_o have_v mention_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n a_o small_a bubble_n with_o a_o stem_n be_v seal_v up_o when_o the_o air_n be_v force_v out_o by_o rarefaction_n the_o stem_n be_v break_v under_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o water_n rush_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n where_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o go_v into_o the_o bubble_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n those_o that_o say_v so_o allow_v dari_fw-la vacuum_n and_o subvert_v their_o own_o principle_n and_o as_o for_o the_o plenist_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n we_o may_v ask_v they_o what_o become_v of_o that_o air_n which_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n and_o remain_v so_o till_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v since_o be_v the_o world_n a_o absolute_a plenum_fw-la before_o there_o can_v be_v no_o room_n for_o it_o without_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v such_o a_o empty_a space_n within_o to_o receive_v the_o water_n beside_o if_o they_o say_v the_o external_a air_n be_v condense_v and_o compress_v by_o that_o which_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n occasion_n the_o re-ingress_n of_o water_n when_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v that_o a_o cubic_n inch_n of_o air_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o condense_a the_o air_n so_o much_o that_o a_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o place_n the_o bubble_n be_v evacuate_v in_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o press_v the_o water_n thus_o in_o again_o but_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v account_v for_o without_o these_o difficulty_n since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o rarify_v air_n within_o the_o bubble_n be_v disproportionable_a to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o less_o rarify_v ambient_fw-la air_n it_o must_v consequent_o yield_v to_o it_o and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o ingress_n of_o water_n prove_v our_o own_o opinion_n propose_v and_o prove_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o plain_o appear_v what_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v which_o that_o i_o may_v confirm_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n by_o suction_n in_o a_o word_n depend_v on_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o tube_n what_o that_o pressure_n depend_v on_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v in_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n and_o therefore_o shall_v proceed_v to_o experiment_n to_o confirm_v what_o we_o teach_v of_o suction_n we_o take_v then_o a_o crooked_a syphon_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v parallel_v to_o the_o long_o which_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v and_o so_o much_o water_n convey_v into_o the_o crooked_a end_n that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o both_o leg_n so_o much_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n as_o possess_v a_o inch_n and_o ½_n the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v one_o be_v order_v to_o suck_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o by_o all_o the_o force_n and_o reiterated_a suction_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n high_o than_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o that_o for_o when_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n be_v so_o far_o weaken_a that_o it_o can_v not_o depress_v the_o water_n subjacent_a the_o water_n keep_v at_o the_o same_o station_n be_v not_o above_o four_o inch_n high_a which_o be_v not_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_o high_a than_o at_o first_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v again_o admit_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n it_o be_v present_o depress_v and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n condense_v till_o the_o water_n likewise_o rise_v in_o that_o to_o its_o first_o station_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n about_o suction_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v experiment_n to_o prove_v the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n our_o hypothesis_n reduce_v to_o proposition_n i._o that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n neither_o as_o it_o have_v weight_n nor_o elastacity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o elevation_n ii_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v up_o liquor_n by_o suction_n iii_o that_o in_o some_o case_n suction_n will_v not_o be_v make_v as_o according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n i_o dissent_v from_o it_o shall_v although_o there_o be_v a_o dilatation_n of_o the_o sucker_n thorax_n and_o no_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n though_o the_o liquor_n shall_v ascend_v prove_v the_o first_o proposition_n prove_v to_o make_v out_o the_o first_o proposition_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n i_o take_v a_o invert_v tube_n such_o as_o be_v former_o make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n but_o something_o long_o which_o be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n it_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n stand_v above_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n as_o high_a as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o a_o ordinary_a barometer_n and_o then_o one_o be_v order_v to_o suck_v at_o the_o short_a leg_n upon_o which_o the_o mercury_n subside_v in_o the_o long_o and_z rise_v in_o the_o short_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_o by_o its_o own_o weight_n depress_v the_o subjacent_a and_o raise_v that_o when_o the_o equivalent_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o prove_v the_o second_o proposition_n prove_v as_o for_o the_o second_o proposition_n lay_v down_o viz._n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v liquor_n in_o suction_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v by_o argument_n draw_v from_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n and_o therefore_o here_o i_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n of_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o our_o travel_a baroscope_n for_o have_v get_v a_o baroscope_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v something_o long_a than_o ordinary_a we_o cause_v one_o by_o suction_n to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o up_o we_o mark_v the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o mercury_n have_v subside_v in_o the_o long_o which_o be_v do_v we_o unseal_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n elevate_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n 5_o inch_n confirm_v the_o three_o confirm_v for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n lay_v down_o in_o this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoun_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v 2_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o have_v seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n we_o open_v the_o end_n of_o the_o long_o upon_o which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v add_v to_o the_o pressure_n make_v by_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v compress_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n have_v the_o like_a success_n to_o

make_v it_o further_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n depend_v on_o pressure_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n syphon_n like_o the_o former_a and_o have_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o short_a leg_n i_o pour_v in_o so_o much_o mercury_n as_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n about_o 30_o inch_n high_o than_o in_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o the_o mercury_n can_v not_o be_v raise_v by_o suction_n above_o one_o inch_n high_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n whereas_o do_v the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n it_o will_v have_v rose_n much_o high_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o leave_v a_o vacuum_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n since_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o natural_o possess_v so_o that_o the_o reason_n according_a to_o our_o hypothesis_n evident_o appear_v to_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n and_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o a_o due_a aequilibrium_fw-la when_o by_o suck_v the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o long_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a expand_n itself_o so_o much_o as_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o by_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o air_n and_o when_o it_o be_v expanded_a so_o far_o the_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n keep_v it_o from_o expand_v any_o further_a so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o force_n to_o raise_v and_o press_v the_o mercury_n up_o it_o can_v be_v elevate_v no_o high_o since_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n act_v only_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o not_o as_o in_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n too_o so_o when_o it_o have_v lose_v its_o spring_n it_o can_v propel_v the_o mercury_n no_o high_o to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v here_o explain_v one_o phaenomenon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it which_o to_o some_o seem_v a_o argument_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n the_o phaenomenon_n be_v that_o if_o one_o finger_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n that_o convey_v air_n from_o the_o receiver_n to_o the_o pump_n the_o pulp_n of_o one_o finger_n will_v enter_v a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o be_v very_o painful_a the_o protuberant_a part_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o by_o attraction_n to_o which_o we_o give_v this_o brief_a answer_n viz._n that_o when_o first_o the_o finger_n be_v place_v there_o it_o receive_v a_o equal_a pressure_n from_o the_o air_n within_o the_o pipe_n and_o from_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o when_o that_o air_n be_v draw_v away_o the_o external_n pressure_n find_v no_o resistance_n press_v the_o fleshy_a part_n into_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v according_o painful_a as_o the_o external_n pressure_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o internal_a resistance_n be_v great_a or_o less_o to_o illustrate_v this_o explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v close_v up_o one_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n pipe_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o inch_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o oil_a bladder_n and_o fill_v it_o full_a of_o water_n it_o be_v immerse_v in_o a_o tall_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n the_o immersed_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o other_o end_v emerge_v and_o stand_v open_a above_o the_o vessel_n this_o be_v do_v we_o take_v water_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v considerable_o low_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n body_n upon_o which_o the_o bladder_n be_v more_o strong_o press_v against_o by_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n than_o that_o in_o the_o tube_n the_o bladder_n be_v force_v so_o much_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n as_o to_o form_v a_o semi-globe_n but_o if_o when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n and_o that_o in_o the_o vessel_n be_v equal_o poise_v the_o uppermost_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v stop_v though_o the_o pipe_n be_v so_o much_o immerse_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o press_v against_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o bladder_n be_v great_a than_o that_o in_o the_o tube_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o bladder_n have_v the_o least_o protuberance_n but_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v leave_v open_a to_o the_o air_n the_o bladder_n will_v sudden_o be_v press_v so_o much_o into_o the_o hollow_a of_o the_o pipe_n that_o it_o be_v convex_a superficies_n will_v represent_v a_o semicircle_n the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o tube_n the_o low_a end_n of_o which_o be_v so_o bend_v as_o to_o form_v a_o right_a angle_n the_o success_n be_v the_o same_o nor_o do_v it_o vary_v when_o try_v in_o the_o straight_a pipe_n with_o wine_n instead_o of_o water_n save_v that_o wine_n not_o be_v specifical_o aeque-ponderant_a with_o water_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o wine_n be_v requisite_a to_o settle_v they_o at_o first_o in_o a_o just_a aequilibrium_fw-la but_o when_o that_o aequilibrium_fw-la be_v lose_v by_o immerge_v the_o tube_n into_o the_o water_n the_o bladder_n be_v raise_v so_o as_o to_o become_v protuberant_a in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n chap._n viii_o some_o observation_n and_o direction_n about_o the_o barometer_n communicate_v by_o mr._n boyle_n in_o the_o phil._n transact_v of_o april_n 1666._o barometer_n observation_n concern_v barometer_n the_o design_n of_o try_v barometrical_a experiment_n in_o several_a part_n be_v only_o that_o by_o compare_v note_n the_o extent_n of_o atmospherical_a change_n in_o point_n of_o weight_n may_v be_v the_o better_o estimate_v i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_a direction_n for_o those_o who_o curiosity_n lead_v they_o that_o way_n first_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o note_v the_o day_n and_o hour_n in_o which_o observation_n be_v make_v second_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o barometer_n stand_v as_o to_o height_n since_o by_o the_o length_n of_o the_o atmosperical_a pillar_n of_o air_n that_o press_v upon_o it_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n may_v vary_v though_o not_o always_o exact_o for_o sometime_o upon_o change_n in_o the_o air_n not_o otherwise_o observable_a the_o mercury_n will_v subside_v more_o than_o usual_o in_o that_o which_o stand_v further_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o do_v not_o proportionable_o subside_o in_o that_o which_o be_v place_v in_o a_o low_a situation_n and_o it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v worth_a note_v whether_o upon_o excessive_a drought_n when_o the_o ground_n be_v parch_v and_o crack_v some_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la may_v not_o rise_v which_o may_v add_v a_o specific_a gravity_n to_o the_o air._n nor_o will_v it_o be_v needless_a when_o other_o observation_n be_v make_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o observe_v the_o wether_n as_o also_o what_o wind_n blow_v and_o whether_o violent_a or_o more_o remiss_a for_o sometime_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o high_a wind_n blow_v the_o mercury_n be_v the_o low_a though_o not_o always_o but_o to_o favour_v what_o have_v be_v intimate_v viz._n that_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o subterraneal_a steam_n mix_v with_o it_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o after_o long_a drought_n upon_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n so_o many_o steam_n have_v be_v either_o prevent_v from_o rise_v or_o depress_v and_o precipitate_v that_o the_o mercury_n have_v subside_v within_o 2_o 16_o of_o a_o inch._n chp._n ix_o a_o account_n of_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o baroseope_n which_o may_v be_v call_v statical_a communicate_v in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n of_o july_n 2._o 1666._o describe_v a_o new_a baroscope_n describe_v have_v cause_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o be_v blow_v as_o large_a and_o thin_a as_o it_o possible_o can_v be_v i_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n which_o will_v turn_v with_o the_o 30_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o balance_n be_v suspend_v at_o a_o frame_n both_o the_o frame_n and_o the_o balance_n be_v place_v by_o a_o good_a baroscope_n from_o whence_o the_o present_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v learn_v by_o which_o mean_v i_o can_v discern_v variation_n by_o which_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o alter_v above_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a pleasant_a to_o behold_v that_o sometime_o the_o bubble_n will_v be_v counterpoise_v but_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o high_a it_o will_v manifest_o preponderate_v and_o upon_o other_o change_v the_o scale_n will_v preponderate_v on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o in_o some_o day_n time_n again_o regain_v its_o aequilibrium_fw-la so_o that_o by_o look_v

perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o immerse_v in_o water_n this_o do_v we_o cover_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o bay-salt_n upon_o which_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v condense_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o the_o stem_n and_o stand_v a_o good_a while_n then_o have_v make_v a_o mark_n at_o its_o high_a station_n we_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o water_n and_o find_v that_o it_o yield_v ℥_o 19_o and_o ʒuj_fw-la the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o fill_v the_o stem_n up_o to_o the_o mark_n being_n ℥_o j_o and_o ʒiij_fw-la by_o which_o number_n the_o former_a be_v divide_v the_o quotient_n be_v 14_o 4_o 11_o drachm_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o two_o quantity_n be_v as_o 11_o to_o 158_o the_o space_n into_o which_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v be_v to_o it_o be_v former_a space_n as_o 147_o to_o 158_o so_o that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o condensation_n it_o be_v then_o capable_a of_o make_v it_o lose_v of_o its_o former_a extent_n 11_o 158._o n._n b._n first_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n ought_v to_o be_v long_o lest_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n shall_v rise_v into_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o second_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v two_o foot_n so_o that_o it_o may_v by_o its_o weight_n in_o some_o measure_n hinder_v the_o ascent_n of_o more_o and_o so_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o condense_v to_o its_o utmost_a three_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v as_o high_a as_o it_o well_o can_v we_o observe_v it_o to_o rise_v and_o fall_v alternate_o for_o a_o little_a time_n four_o the_o air_n may_v thus_o be_v further_o condense_v than_o by_o winter_n cold._n but_o to_o show_v that_o in_o the_o forego_v experiment_n the_o cold_a do_v not_o compress_v the_o air_n immediate_o but_o partly_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o by_o stuff_v up_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n cause_v it_o to_o swell_v and_o so_o to_o compress_v the_o air_n i_o take_v a_o new_a glass_n bolt-head_n with_o a_o short_a neck_n and_o fill_v it_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o when_o it_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o liquor_n wrought_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n the_o sharp_a end_n which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o seal_v be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o this_o be_v do_v the_o bolt-head_n be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o which_o the_o water_n ascend_v and_o compress_v the_o air_n into_o the_o conical_a part_n upon_o which_o the_o glass_n fly_v in_o piece_n in_o which_o experiment_n according_a to_o dr._n wallis_n his_o estimate_n the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o 40th_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o which_o be_v considerable_a above_o the_o utmost_a compressure_n make_v in_o windgun_n where_o it_o be_v usual_o think_v not_o to_o be_v compress_v into_o less_o than_o a_o 15_o and_o according_a to_o mersennus_n into_o a_o 8_o part_n of_o its_o former_a space_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o admirable_o differ_v extension_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air_n rarefy_v and_o compress_v air._n the_o admirable_a different_a extension_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air._n the_o first_o thing_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o concern_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v that_o in_o our_o climate_n though_o cold_a will_v not_o condense_a it_o near_o into_o a_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a to_o 70_o time_n that_o space_n second_o the_o air_n may_v be_v much_o more_o condense_v and_o rarify_v by_o our_o engine_n than_o by_o heat_n or_o cold_a the_o proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o expansion_n be_v as_o 1_o to_o 70._o but_o three_o perhaps_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n will_v not_o be_v think_v so_o great_a as_o what_o we_o have_v mention_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o air_n we_o make_v experiment_n with_o here_o below_o be_v so_o much_o compress_v already_o by_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n that_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v more_o incline_v by_o its_o spring_n to_o yield_v to_o a_o expansive_a than_o a_o compressive_a force_n four_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o have_v a_o specific_a gravity_n come_v to_o be_v spread_v so_o thin_a in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n since_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o for_o they_o to_o swim_v in_o and_o to_o bear_v they_o up_o since_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o great_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o five_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a wonderful_a that_o air_n shall_v be_v so_o subject_a to_o vary_v its_o dimension_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a without_o the_o assistance_n of_o art_n elaborate_a engine_n or_o heat_n the_o top_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n must_v be_v extreme_o rare_a to_o conclude_v if_o we_o compare_v the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n together_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o air_n may_v possess_v 520000_o time_n the_o space_n at_o one_o time_n that_o it_o do_v at_o another_o chap._n xii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o weaken_a spring_n and_o unheeded_a effect_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o the_o philos_fw-la transact_v of_o decemb._n 75._o to_o try_v whether_o as_o some_o corrosion_n of_o body_n in_o close_a vessel_n increase_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n so_o other_o may_v not_o weaken_v it_o and_o likewise_o to_o discover_v whether_o some_o effect_n of_o the_o air_n may_v not_o depend_v on_o some_o unheeded_a quality_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o when_o i_o shall_v have_v make_v some_o trial_n the_o change_n of_o colour_n in_o solution_n of_o copper_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n copper_n change_v of_o colour_n in_o a_o solution_n of_o copper_n file_n of_o crude_a copper_n be_v put_v into_o a_o crystal_n glass_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o salt_n as_o stand_v a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o file_n we_o cover_v the_o vessel_n with_o a_o stopple_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o copper_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v a_o dark_a brown_n but_o it_o soon_o lose_v that_o colour_n and_o be_v clear_a again_o like_o common_a water_n but_o when_o by_o take_v out_o the_o stopple_n the_o liquor_n be_v again_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o first_o acquire_v a_o brown_a colour_n upon_o the_o top_n and_o that_o penetrate_a deep_a into_o the_o liquor_n by_o degree_n it_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n be_v whole_o tinge_v with_o a_o brown_a colour_n again_o and_o so_o it_o successive_o lay_v down_o and_o re-acquired_a that_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v stop_v up_o or_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n till_o at_o the_o last_o be_v keep_v up_o a_o month_n it_o keep_v the_o brown_a colour_n it_o have_v acquire_v in_o the_o air_n unaltered_a experiment_n ii_o a_o bottle_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n with_o the_o former_a and_o which_o be_v much_o clear_a be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n time_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o alter_v but_o the_o vessel_n be_v again_o close_v up_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a green_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v again_o unstop_v 24_o hour_n the_o green_n be_v deep_a enough_o but_o not_o very_o transparent_a experiment_n iii_o about_o 3_o spoonful_n of_o the_o brown_a tincture_n of_o copper_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v ten_o time_n as_o much_o it_o retain_v its_o colour_n half_o a_o year_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o then_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o green_a in_o about_o a_o hour_n without_o the_o precipitation_n of_o any_o muddy_a sediment_n experiment_n iu._n some_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a tincture_n be_v leave_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o window_n lose_v its_o colour_n and_o appear_v like_o common_a water_n but_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o december_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a and_o moderate_o transparent_a green_n experiment_n v._n wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o as_o much_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n as_o rise_v a_o inch_n above_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o conical_a glass_n with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n in_o some_o hour_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o seal_a leg_n be_v depress_v experiment_n vi._n a_o gage_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o

to_o be_v slight_v or_o sudden_o lay_v aside_o since_o several_a accident_n may_v intervene_v in_o the_o air_n on_o which_o those_o may_v depend_v as_o we_o know_v though_o tide_n general_o ebb_v and_o flow_v so_o as_o to_o answer_v the_o theory_n give_v of_o they_o yet_o by_o fierce_a wind_n and_o great_a land-flood_n the_o regular_a course_n of_o they_o have_v often_o be_v alter_v chap._n xviii_o a_o new_a experiment_n and_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n moisture_n the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o subject_n far_o less_o tender_a and_o curious_o contrive_v than_o man_n body_n will_v appear_v from_o what_o follow_v and_o that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v a_o considerable_a influence_n and_o usual_o a_o bad_a one_o may_v well_o be_v argue_v from_o the_o effect_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o on_o several_a part_n of_o animal_n and_o that_o the_o skin_n of_o animal_n be_v sufficient_o prepare_v to_o receive_v such_o effluvium_n appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v viz._n that_o sheep_n leather_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o hygroscope_n plentiful_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o even_o bladder_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v make_v impervious_a to_o urine_n be_v so_o dispose_v to_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n that_o the_o membranous_a part_n put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o counterpoise_v make_v a_o good_a hygroscope_n and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o lute-string_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o twist_a gut_n of_o animal_n and_o even_o bones_o the_o most_o solid_a part_n of_o human_a body_n will_v so_o far_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o swell_v considerable_o nor_o be_v animal_n body_n alone_o capable_a of_o have_v their_o pore_n penetrate_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n but_o it_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o inanimate_a body_n and_o swell_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o wood_n and_o even_o polish_v marble_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o moist_a vapour_n as_o evident_o to_o sweat_v nay_o even_o the_o air_n itself_o be_v not_o without_o vapour_n and_o moist_a part_n disperse_v through_o it_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v fill_v a_o bottle_n with_o water_n and_o four_o ounce_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n we_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n so_o many_o moist_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v by_o this_o frigorifick_a mixture_n that_o they_o first_o appear_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o then_o run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n till_o that_o scale_n preponderate_v and_o weigh_v a_o drachm_n more_o than_o the_o other_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n which_o show_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o moist_a vapour_n when_o they_o penetrate_v solid_a body_n it_o be_v no_o weak_a argument_n of_o their_o efficacy_n that_o we_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o powerful_a insinuation_n of_o moisture_n the_o string_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v swell_v and_o break_v nor_o be_v it_o in_o considerable_a that_o door_n and_o door-case_n be_v so_o swell_v in_o rainy_n wether_n as_o to_o open_v and_o shut_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o uneasiness_n moisture_n marchasite_n burst_v by_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n beside_o which_o instance_n i_o have_v observe_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n to_o increase_v considerable_o in_o its_o weight_n in_o rainy_a wether_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v it_o be_v usual_a for_o musical_a instrument_n to_o grow_v out_o of_o tune_n not_o only_o the_o wooden_a but_o the_o metalline_a pipe_n of_o organ_n be_v apt_a to_o swell_v in_o wet_a wether_n and_o not_o only_o by_o the_o help_n of_o rain_n but_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n marchasite_n have_v be_v swell_v and_o burst_v asunder_o which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v observe_v vitriolate_a efflorescence_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o shine_a marchasite_n cause_v by_o the_o action_n of_o external_a moisture_n on_o they_o and_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v so_o powerful_o penetrate_v some_o marchasitical_a substance_n that_o they_o have_v burst_v asunder_o whereupon_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vitriol_n be_v generate_v within_o their_o substance_n than_o without_o to_o conclude_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o assist_v a_o virtuoso_fw-la to_o make_v a_o estimate_n in_o know_a measure_n of_o the_o mechanical_a force_n of_o the_o aerial_a moisture_n i_o cause_v a_o rope_n about_o 22_o yard_n long_o to_o be_v fasten_v at_o a_o convenient_a height_n to_o a_o immovable_a body_n and_o then_o have_v fix_v a_o poultry_n to_o another_o stable_a body_n about_o 18_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o former_a the_o rope_n lie_v upon_o the_o poultry_n be_v betwixt_o both_o almost_o in_o a_o horizontal_a posture_n but_o to_o that_o end_n of_o the_o rope_n which_o hang_v down_o from_o the_o poultry_n towards_o the_o ground_n be_v fix_v a_o weight_n of_o 50_o pound_n and_o to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o that_o a_o index_n which_o be_v place_v horizontal_o point_v to_o a_o board_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o inch_n and_o part_n of_o inch_n that_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o better_a the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o it_o upon_o change_n of_o wether_n when_o the_o weight_n have_v stretch_v the_o rope_n as_o much_o as_o it_o can_v i_o observe_v that_o in_o one_o rainy_a night_n the_o weight_n be_v raise_v five_o inch_n but_o the_o next_o day_n prove_v a_o dry_a day_n it_o be_v depress_v low_a than_o before_o but_o a_o heavy_a weight_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a june_n four_o in_o a_o hour_n and_o quarter_n the_o hundred_o weight_n be_v raise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o sky_n be_v cloudy_a but_o without_o rain_n june_n 6_o in_o the_o night_n which_o be_v cloudy_a it_o be_v raise_v about_o 3_o inch_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o observation_n be_v make_v it_o rise_v half_a a_o inch_n more_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n be_v considerable_a since_o the_o rope_n that_o by_o its_o assistance_n raise_v the_o weight_n be_v but_o about_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v 3_o 10_o and_o 4_o decimal_a part_n of_o 1_o 10._o chap_n xix_o of_o some_o unheeded_a cause_n of_o the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n vapour_n the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o subterraneal_a vapour_n among_o the_o several_a cause_n on_o which_o the_o salubrity_n and_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la be_v in_o effect_n most_o considerable_a which_o differ_v not_o only_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a nature_n but_o according_a to_o place_n and_o time_n according_a to_o place_n as_o they_o ascend_v from_o the_o superficial_a or_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n according_a to_o time_n such_o as_o ascend_v daily_o and_o may_v be_v term_v ordinary_a emission_n or_o only_o at_o distant_a time_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o may_v be_v term_v periodical_a and_o sometime_o fortuitous_a or_o irregular_a but_o notwithstanding_o the_o vapour_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v distinguish_v by_o these_o distinction_n yet_o since_o nature_n offer_v her_o phaenomena_n not_o so_o distinct_a but_o confuse_o and_o together_o i_o shall_v sometime_o consider_v the_o terraqueous_a steam_n in_o the_o more_o general_a notion_n with_o reference_n to_o each_o of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o distinction_n but_o that_o i_o may_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v more_o distinct_o i_o shall_v lay_v it_o down_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n proceed_v under_o the_o follow_a proposition_n have_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o insalubrity_n of_o marish_a and_o the_o salubrity_n of_o sandy_a ground_n may_v depend_v on_o some_o effluvia_fw-la which_o act_n not_o mere_o or_o principal_o as_o they_o be_v moist_a or_o dry._n proposition_n i._n the_o first_o proposition_n be_v 1._o prop._n 1._o that_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a place_n the_o salubrity_n or_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n consider_v in_o general_a may_v be_v in_o good_a part_n due_a to_o subterraneal_a expiration_n especial_o to_o those_o i_o call_v ordinary_a emission_n which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o preserve_n of_o health_n either_o by_o promote_a respiration_n or_o by_o correct_v noxious_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o check_v morbific_a ferment_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n beside_o

grand_fw-fr cercle_fw-la on_o trouvera_fw-mi qu'_fw-fr elle_fw-fr á_z en_fw-fr toute_fw-fr sa_fw-fr superficie_fw-la spherique_n 1649200_o lieve_v quarrée_n c_o '_o est_fw-fr à_fw-fr dire_fw-fr 103_o 095_o 000_o 000_o 000_o toise_n quarr_o c_o est_fw-la à_fw-fr dire_fw-fr 3711_o 420_o 000_o 000_o 000_o pieds_fw-fr quarr_n il_n ensuit_n qu'_fw-fr un_fw-fr pied_fw-fr cube_fw-la d'eau_fw-fr pese_n 72_o livre_n et_fw-fr parce_fw-fr qu'_fw-fr un_fw-fr prism_n d'eau_fw-fr d'un_fw-fr pied_fw-fr quarre_n de_fw-fr base_a et_fw-fr de_fw-fr 31_o pieds_fw-fr de_fw-fr haut_fw-fr pese_n 2232_o livre_n donc_fw-fr si_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr estoit_fw-fr couverte_fw-fr d'eau_fw-fr jusques_fw-fr à_fw-fr la_fw-fr hauteur_fw-fr de_fw-fr 31_o pieds_fw-fr il_fw-fr y_fw-fr auroit_fw-fr autant_fw-fr de_fw-fr prisme_n d'eau_fw-fr de_fw-fr 31_o pieds_fw-fr de_fw-fr haut_fw-fr qu'_fw-fr elle_fw-fr a_fw-fr de_fw-fr pieds_fw-fr quarrez_fw-fr en_fw-fr toute_fw-fr sa_fw-fr surface_n je_fw-fr scay_fw-fr bien_fw-fr que_fw-fr ce_fw-fr ne_fw-fr seroient_fw-fr pas_fw-fr des_fw-fr prisme_n mais_fw-fr des_fw-fr secteurs_fw-fr de_fw-fr sphere_n et_fw-fr je_fw-fr neglige_v exprés_fw-fr cette_fw-fr precision_n et_fw-fr partant_fw-fr elle_fw-fr porteroit_fw-fr autant_fw-fr de_fw-fr 2232_o liures_fw-fr d'eau_fw-fr qu'_fw-fr elle_fw-fr a_fw-fr de_fw-fr pieds_fw-fr quarrez_fw-fr en_fw-fr toute_fw-fr sa_fw-fr surface_n done_n cette_fw-fr mass_n d'eau_fw-fr entiere_fw-fr peseroit_fw-fr 8283_o 889_o 440_o 000_o 000_o 000_o liures_fw-fr donc_fw-fr toute_fw-fr la_fw-fr mass_n entire_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr sphere_n de_fw-fr l'air_fw-fr qui_fw-fr est_fw-fr au_fw-fr monde_fw-fr pese_n ce_fw-fr mesme_fw-fr poid_v the_o 8283._o 889_o 440_o 000_o 000_o liures_fw-fr c_o '_o est_fw-fr à_fw-fr dire_fw-fr huit_fw-fr million_o de_fw-la million_o de_fw-la million_o deux_fw-fr cent_n quart_n vingt_fw-fr trois_fw-fr mille_fw-fr huit_fw-fr cent_n quatre_fw-fr vingt_fw-fr neuf_fw-fr million_o de_fw-la million_o quatre_fw-fr cent_n quarente_n mille_fw-la million_o de_fw-fr liures_fw-fr mr._n pascal_n in_o his_o small_a tract_n either_o dela_n pesanteur_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'air_fw-fr or_o in_o that_o del'equilibre_fw-la des_fw-fr liqueurs_fw-fr 4._o see_v plate_n 7_o fig._n 4._o de_fw-fr caetero_fw-la feci_fw-la haud_fw-la ita_fw-la pridem_fw-la experimentum_fw-la ponderandi_fw-la aeris_fw-la quod_fw-la pulchré_fw-la successit_fw-la nam_fw-la sumptâ_fw-la vitreâ_fw-la lagenâ_fw-la valde_fw-la levi_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la lampadem_fw-la sufflatâ_fw-la ejus_fw-la figurae_fw-la qualem_fw-la alibi_fw-la excusam_fw-la vides_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la parvae_fw-la pilae_fw-la quales_fw-la habentur_fw-la in_o sphaeristeriis_fw-la non_fw-la habente_fw-la nisi_fw-la minimam_fw-la quandam_fw-la aperturam_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la immittatur_fw-la pilus_fw-la in_o extremitate_fw-la orificii_fw-la svi_fw-la b._n ponderavi_fw-la eam_fw-la in_o lance_n valde_fw-la exacta_fw-la &_o frigida_fw-la pondus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 78_o granorum_fw-la cum_fw-la dimidio_fw-la postea_fw-la calefeci_fw-la eam_fw-la carbonibus_fw-la impositam_fw-la &_o reposui_fw-la in_o bilancem_fw-la eo_fw-la situ_fw-la quo_fw-la hic_fw-la descriptum_fw-la vides_fw-la nimirum_fw-la orificio_fw-la in_o imum_fw-la verso_fw-it &_o deprehendi_fw-la eam_fw-la vix_fw-la habere_fw-la pondus_fw-la 78_o granorum_fw-la tum_fw-la immergendo_fw-la orificium_fw-la in_o aquam_fw-la refrigescere_fw-la feci_fw-la &_o dum_fw-la aer_fw-la se_fw-la condensat_fw-la pro_fw-la modo_fw-la quo_fw-la refrigescit_fw-la lagena_fw-la intravit_fw-la tantundem_fw-la aquae_fw-la quantum_fw-la aeris_fw-la calor_fw-la antea_fw-la expulerat_fw-la denique_fw-la ponderans_fw-la eam_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la illa_fw-la aqua_fw-la deprehendi_fw-la eam_fw-la habere_fw-la pondus_fw-la 72_o granorum_fw-la &_o dimidii_fw-la plus_fw-la quam_fw-la antea_fw-la unde_fw-la concludo_fw-la aerem_fw-la qui_fw-la per_fw-la ignem_fw-la expulsus_fw-la erat_fw-la se_fw-la habere_fw-la ad_fw-la aquam_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o locum_fw-la suum_fw-la regressa_fw-la erat_fw-la uti_fw-la ½_n se_fw-la habet_fw-la ad_fw-la 72_o ½_n aut_fw-la uti_fw-la se_fw-la habet_fw-la 1._o ad_fw-la 145._o sed_fw-la potui_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la errasse_fw-la difficile_fw-la quippè_fw-la est_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la re_fw-la omnino_fw-la exactum_fw-la essée_v id_fw-la saltem_fw-la certò_fw-la scio_fw-la quòd_fw-la pondus_fw-la aeris_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la sit_fw-la sensiblile_fw-la &_o prolix_a hic_fw-la deduxi_fw-la processum_fw-la meum_fw-la ut_fw-la si_fw-la te_fw-la eadem_fw-la curiositas_fw-la incessat_fw-la possis_fw-la id_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la perficere_fw-la experimentum_fw-la vale._n title_n xviii_o of_o the_o consistency_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v rarity_n density_n fludity_n subtle_o etc._n of_o the_o consistency_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n a_o thin_a but_o large_a bladder_n have_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v remain_v in_o it_o have_v its_o neck_n strong_o tie_v and_o at_o the_o other_o end_n a_o weight_n be_v suspend_v of_o 14_o pound_n by_o a_o string_n which_o can_v not_o shrink_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n without_o raise_v the_o weight_n from_o the_o ground_n but_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a by_o heat_n that_o the_o weight_n be_v raise_v and_o will_v swing_n in_o the_o air_n like_o a_o pendulum_n the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o 50_o pound_n weight_n before_o the_o expanded_a air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o weight_n the_o bladder_n will_v burst_v to_o try_v whether_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o air_n will_v penetrate_v into_o a_o liquor_n expose_v to_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o pour_v a_o urinous_a spirit_n upon_o as_o much_o file_n of_o copper_n as_o cover_v the_o bottom_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a vial_n so_o that_o the_o spirit_n be_v the_o breadth_n of_o 3_o finger_n above_o the_o file_n which_o be_v do_v on_o that_o we_o 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though_o excessive_a hot_a in_o the_o day_n be_v cold_a at_o night_n as_o well_o as_o the_o mountainous_a part_n thereabouts_o one_o who_o stay_v a_o year_n in_o guinea_n though_o it_o be_v excessive_a hot_a tell_v i_o that_o about_o 4_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n he_o be_v ready_a to_o tremble_v with_o cold._n one_o tell_v i_o that_o in_o jamacia_n when_o he_o lie_v in_o his_o hammock_n about_o 3_o or_o 4_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n though_o he_o have_v much_o clothes_n under_o he_o yet_o he_o perceive_v it_o cold_a beneath_o and_o hot_a above_o so_o that_o to_o show_v that_o not_o only_a liquor_n and_o animal_n body_n may_v be_v affect_v with_o the_o summer_n heat_n but_o even_o glass_n itself_o i_o shall_v intimate_v that_o glass-stopples_a of_o factitious_a crystal_n be_v so_o fit_v to_o viol_n of_o the_o same_o though_o in_o winter_n they_o will_v move_v about_o easy_o yet_o in_o the_o summer_n they_o will_v not_o be_v pull_v out_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o string_n till_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v take_v off_o by_o be_v cool_v in_o water_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o several_a effect_n which_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o attribute_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n put_v the_o part_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o our_o body_n in_o motion_n depend_v on_o some_o effluvia_fw-la raise_v by_o heat_n from_o other_o body_n and_o which_o swim_v in_o the_o air._n a_o large_a piece_n of_o amber_n be_v place_v in_o the_o summer_n in_o the_o sunbeam_n have_v its_o part_n put_v into_o such_o a_o agitation_n as_o enable_v it_o to_o emit_v electrical_a effluvia_fw-la and_o to_o attract_v light_a body_n which_o power_n it_o will_v lose_v when_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o sunbeam_n again_o mr._n nickson_n tell_v i_o that_o near_o hudson_n bay_n when_o they_o be_v a_o leeward_n of_o certain_a float_a island_n of_o ice_n they_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o by_o a_o new_a access_n of_o cold_a before_o they_o approach_v so_o near_o as_o to_o see_v 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shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o doctrine_n experiment_n allege_v against_o their_o doctrine_n if_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o try_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n with_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o mercury_n drive_v the_o air_n continue_v void_a the_o pendulous_a cylinder_n remain_v at_o 30_o inch_n without_o offer_v to_o ascend_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o will_v the_o quicksilver_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o cold_a body_n outward_o though_o in_o a_o common_a thermometer_n the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a will_v make_v water_n ascend_v several_a inch_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o seal_a weather-glass_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o in_o which_o it_o be_v observe_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o that_o the_o air_n 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again_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v rarify_v within_o half_a a_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n be_v seal_v up_o it_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n have_v its_o spring_n so_o weaken_v by_o refrigeration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o water_n though_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o it_o subsided_a several_a inch_n the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o three_o time_n reiterated_a with_o 3_o ½_n of_o air_n in_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n freeze_v it_o be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o a_o little_a but_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_n air_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n two_o inch_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n it_o ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o uppermost_a level_n have_v put_v so_o much_o water_n into_o a_o vessel_n 6._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o delineates_n as_o be_v able_a to_o fill_v almost_o the_o whole_a tube_n we_o cause_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n to_o be_v place_v about_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o yet_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o water_n in_o the_o least_o to_o rise_v but_o if_o at_o all_o it_o may_v well_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o the_o intumescence_n of_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n the_o external_n air_n force_v the_o water_n several_a inch_n up_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n another_o experiment_n we_o make_v with_o the_o follow_a vessel_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7_o the_o stem_n of_o this_o be_v no_o thick_a than_o a_o raven_n quill_n though_o several_a inch_n long_o 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o and_o the_o ball_n be_v about_o as_o big_a as_o a_o nutmeg_n we_o drop_v a_o few_o drop_n of_o water_n into_o the_o 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weatherglass_n or_o thermoscope_n mention_v p._n 16._o fig._n 4._o the_o barometer_n or_o mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o a_o frame_n b_o b._n mention_v p._n 17._o fig._n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v p._n 34._o a._n the_o vial._n b_o c._n the_o pipe_n cement_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o c_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n fig._n 6._o p._n 35._o a._n the_o bolt-head_n b._n the_o small_a stem_n b_o c._n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n enclose_v fig._n 7._o p._n 36._o chap._n v._o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o cold_a begin_v title_n i._o experiment_n concern_v body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o cold_a it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v what_o body_n be_v capable_a of_o retain_v such_o quality_n and_o what_o be_v not_o but_o that_o be_v a_o consideration_n not_o so_o necessary_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v only_o to_o set_v down_o what_o observation_n we_o have_v make_v in_o body_n subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v i_o shall_v only_o in_o short_a take_v notice_n that_o most_o body_n except_o fire_n be_v susceptible_a of_o actual_a cold_a and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o even_o that_o be_v not_o rather_o a_o state_n of_o matter_n in_o such_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n than_o a_o distinct_a and_o particular_a species_n of_o natural_a body_n since_o even_o gunpowder_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n before_o they_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o some_o other_o body_n be_v actual_o cold._a but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o observation_n relate_v to_o our_o title_n other_o experiment_n of_o body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o 1._o body_n cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v other_o be_v very_o few_o here_o in_o england_n snow_n and_o salt_n mix_v be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o cool_a the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o vessel_n which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o such_o mixture_n 2._o snow_n alone_o will_v not_o freeze_v water_n as_o a_o mixture_n of_o it_o and_o salt_n do_v and_o though_o water_v pour_v betwixt_o the_o interstice_n of_o snow_n or_o ice_n freeze_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o up_o in_o vessel_n and_o though_o it_o be_v freeze_v when_o cover_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n all_o night_n yet_o that_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o snow_n 3._o if_o nitre_n alum_n vitriol_n salarmoniack_a or_o sugar_n be_v mix_v in_o due_a proportion_n with_o snow_n they_o will_v enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v though_o not_o so_o intense_o as_o common_a salt_n 4._o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o snow_n in_o the_o vial_n they_o cause_v a_o dew_n which_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n to_o be_v freeze_v though_o the_o mixture_n within_o be_v not_o and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o thin_a vial_n have_v the_o same_o effect_v only_o more_o intense_o 5._o but_o not_o only_o these_o acid_n spirit_n have_v these_o effect_n on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n condense_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n but_o likewise_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n the_o former_a of_o these_o three_o be_v very_o powerful_a though_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o so_o strong_o frigorifick_a 6._o spirit_n of_o urine_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o vial_n freeze_v the_o external_n moisture_n weak_o but_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a draw_v from_o quicklime_n do_v it_o powerful_o 7._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v moderate_o 8._o sal_fw-la gem_n with_o a_o

be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o aqueous_a humour_n and_o also_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n and_o watery_a humour_n but_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o expansion_n except_o of_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o they_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o different_a proportion_n they_o contain_v of_o phlegm_n or_o other_o more_o spirituous_a ingredient_n i_o will_v not_o discourage_v those_o who_o curiosity_n shall_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o prosecute_v such_o experiment_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a though_o perhaps_o in_o hot_a climate_n it_o may_v be_v considerable_a yet_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o very_o sensible_a in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v here_o particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o x_o title_n 1._o a_o bolt-head_n who_o stem_n be_v 17_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n be_v seal_v up_o and_o place_v about_o 9_o hour_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n the_o water_n ascend_v 15_o inch_n ½_n and_o afterward_o ½_n of_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v neglect_v for_o a_o hour_n the_o seal_a end_n be_v blow_v off_o and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n break_v in_o piece_n 2._o water_n free_v from_o air_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o round_a bolt-head_n in_o which_o the_o seal_a apex_n be_v about_o 5_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o ice_n very_o free_a from_o bubble_n and_o have_v stand_v in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n about_o 2_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n and_o ⅜_n the_o conical_a apex_n be_v break_v with_o a_o noise_n and_o a_o seem_a smoke_n we_o find_v water_n unfreeze_v under_o the_o pipe_n and_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v to_o a_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o 3._o the_o globous_a part_n of_o a_o glass-egg_n 3_o inches_n diameter_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o 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our_o hope_n be_v frustrate_v the_o compactness_n of_o the_o metal_n as_o we_o suppose_v keep_v the_o liquor_n from_o freeze_a 6._o it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o powerful_a a_o expansion_n since_o neither_o the_o cartesian_a nor_o the_o epicurean_a doctrine_n be_v able_a to_o explain_v this_o phaenomenon_n for_o the_o first_o only_o account_v cold_a to_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o heat_n and_o depend_v upon_o the_o recess_n of_o those_o subtle_a part_n which_o he_o suppose_v expansion_n to_o depend_v on_o according_a to_o he_o they_o shall_v rather_o continue_v a_o inactive_a mass_n than_o retain_v such_o a_o springyness_n and_o since_o according_a to_o epicurus_n expansion_n depend_v on_o a_o insinuation_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n it_o may_v well_o be_v question_v how_o part_n of_o matter_n which_o have_v such_o a_o free_a entrance_n into_o such_o vessel_n shall_v not_o rather_o find_v as_o easy_a a_o passage_n out_o again_o as_o in_o without_o break_v they_o beside_o in_o several_a oil_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o must_v receive_v those_o frigorifick_a atom_n we_o perceive_v not_o the_o least_o expansion_n at_o all_o but_o they_o be_v rather_o condense_v 7._o how_o great_a the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congeal_a wine_n milk_n urine_n and_o other_o liquor_n be_v i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o other_o to_o inquire_v and_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o undoubted_o it_o be_v considerable_a since_o in_o the_o dutch_a voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o even_o iron-hoop_n be_v burst_v by_o the_o forcible_a expansion_n of_o include_v liquor_n and_o in_o russia_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o beer_n and_o wine_n will_v not_o burst_v wooden_a vessel_n yet_o glass_n and_o stone-vessel_n will_v be_v often_o break_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xi_o title_n 1._o we_o take_v a_o brass-cylind_a 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o have_v put_v a_o bladder_n with_o water_n tie_v close_o up_o in_o it_o so_o that_o upon_o expansion_n it_o can_v not_o get_v out_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o put_v a_o plugg_n into_o it_o upon_o which_o be_v place_v several_a weight_n which_o amount_v to_o 120_o pound_n yet_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o cylinder_n the_o water_n expanded_a raise_v the_o plugg_n near_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v again_o the_o next_o day_n the_o freeze_a water_n raise_v 130_o pound-weight_n 2._o a_o iron-barrel_n 14_o inch_n long_o and_o ⅜_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n who_o side_n be_v at_o the_o thick_a part_n 1_o 16_o and_o at_o the_o least_o ●_o 16_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o mixture_n

of_o ice_n and_o salt_n 2_o hour_n it_o make_v a_o oblique_a crack_n in_o the_o barrel_n six_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v out_o seem_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o very_o small_a one_o and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n who_o muzzle_n and_o touchhole_n be_v stop_v up_o with_o metal_n nor_o have_v we_o less_o success_n when_o we_o bury_v a_o pewter_n bottle_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n both_o the_o barrel_n of_o the_o gun_n and_o the_o bottle_n be_v burst_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n title_n xii_o experiment_n concern_v a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congelation_n and_o of_o high_o compress_v air_n without_o engine_n congelation_n a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expan●…e_a force_n of_o congelation_n how_o far_o we_o be_v able_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n by_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n we_o have_v else_o where_o show_v but_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o condensation_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 1._o have_v fill_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o water_n till_o it_o wrought_v about_o a_o inch_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v raise_v about_o 7_o inch_n and_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v seal_v up_o by_o a_o fresh_a application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_a so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o the_o space_n of_o a_o inch_n possess_v about_o nine_o part_n of_o ten_o of_o what_o it_o do_v before_o whereupon_o the_o stem_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o seal_a end_n open_v the_o air_n which_o when_o the_o stem_n be_v invert_v rise_v up_o to_o the_o ice_n and_o separate_v the_o unfrozen_a water_n in_o the_o stem_n from_o it_o powerful_o expand_v itself_o force_v out_o about_o ten_o inch_n of_o water_n with_o violence_n and_o noise_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bubble_n ascend_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o top._n n._n b._n when_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v beyond_o seven_o inch_n we_o several_a time_n observe_v that_o the_o glass_n just_a above_o the_o water_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v full_a of_o little_a drop_n of_o dew_n which_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o disappear_v 2._o a_o vial_n who_o neck_n be_v draw_v out_o into_o a_o slender_a pipe_n be_v fill_v till_o it_o wrought_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o pipe_n in_o a_o little_a time_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n the_o air_n be_v too_o much_o compress_v the_o head_n of_o the_o pipe_n fly_v off_o and_o the_o same_o happen_v to_o a_o round_a white_a glass_n who_o stem_n fill_v with_o air_n be_v about_o 3_o inch_n nor_o be_v the_o success_n otherwise_o when_o we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n in_o a_o large_a single_a vial_n who_o stem_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o its_o basis_n a_o inch_n broad_a 3._o a_o oval_a 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this_o way_n of_o try_v how_o far_o the_o air_n may_v be_v compress_v and_o water_n expanded_a by_o cold_a we_o think_v least_o exceptionable_a because_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n be_v more_o impervious_a to_o air_n and_o water_n than_o some_o metalline_a vessel_n for_o have_v break_v open_a the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o one_o of_o our_o glass-egg_n we_o find_v that_o though_o the_o water_n be_v but_o a_o little_a expanded_a yet_o not_o find_v a_o way_n out_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v up_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch._n title_n xiii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n in_o estimate_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o degree_n of_o it_o in_o the_o cold_a body_n but_o also_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v and_o the_o consistence_n and_o texture_n of_o it_o as_o likewise_o the_o instrument_n employ_v to_o receive_v or_o acquaint_v we_o with_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a since_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o weather-glass_n give_v we_o a_o more_o nice_a account_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o and_o that_o our_o sensory_n may_v mis-inform_a we_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o various_a predisposition_n beside_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n may_v be_v vary_v by_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cold_a body_n 1._o but_o to_o consider_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o small_a piece_n of_o ice_n we_o have_v find_v it_o very_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o odorous_a body_n insomuch_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o cold_a without_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o a_o cold_a body_n since_o ice_n approach_v our_o sensory_a or_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v neither_o though_o hold_v as_o near_o as_o possible_o they_o may_v without_o touch_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v at_o sea_n where_o in_o foggy_a night_n the_o seaman_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v neighbour_a mountain_n of_o ice_n though_o by_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v the_o observation_n in_o greenland_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o he_o perceive_v a_o manifest_a access_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n 2._o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n the_o ice_n be_v never_o much_o more_o than_o a_o finger_n thick_a they_o usual_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o which_o as_o it_o run_v over_o the_o ice_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o thicken_v the_o ice_n and_o preserve_v it_o in_o proper_a conservatory_n this_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v in_o england_n by_o pump_v of_o water_n upon_o flake_n of_o ice_n i_o find_v that_o the_o pump-water_n be_v warm_a than_o the_o ice_n thaw_v it_o instead_o of_o increase_v the_o thickness_n of_o it_o and_o though_o here_o in_o england_n water_n pour_v upon_o snow_n promote_v its_o dissolution_n yet_o in_o russia_n and_o muscovy_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o water_n throw_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v it_o which_o they_o therefore_o make_v use_n of_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o general_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n when_o only_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o so_o that_o in_o try_v such_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o have_v a_o great_a influence_n in_o promote_a or_o vary_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o trial_n 3._o how_o deep_a frost_n penetrate_v into_o water_n and_o earth_n will_v be_v a_o very_a hard_a thing_n to_o determine_v since_o earth_n especial_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o its_o duration_n the_o tex●●●…_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n d●●●…ed_v through_o it_o or_o subterraneal_a steam_n whence_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v over_o some_o mine_n be_v always_o free_a from_o snow_n good_a quantity_n of_o limestone_n be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o but_o though_o it_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o know_v to_o what_o depth_n frost_n will_v reach_v yet_o that_o we_o may_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o general_a history_n of_o cold_a we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n after_o four_o night_n hard_a frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v about_o 3_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o the_o

or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n increase_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o air_n we_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n with_o a_o counterpoise_n at_o a_o balance_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o bladder_n be_v sufficient_o distend_v yet_o it_o seem_v to_o retain_v the_o same_o weight_n whether_o dilate_a or_o contract_v chap._n iii_o new_a experiment_n concern_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o vary_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o some_o body_n in_o the_o water_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 24.1672_o 3._o water_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o body_n under_o water_n consider_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o most_o liquor_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o airy_a particle_n and_o that_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o atmosphere_n may_v according_a to_o its_o several_a degree_n of_o weight_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o they_o i_o cause_v three_o small_a glass-bubble_n with_o slender_a stem_n to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o equal_o poise_v in_o water_n by_o their_o weight_n that_o a_o little_a thing_n will_v make_v they_o emerge_n or_o sink_v and_o i_o observe_v that_o these_o be_v put_v into_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n sometime_o they_o will_v emerge_n and_o sometime_o subside_o and_o sometime_o emerge_n again_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_a in_o weight_n or_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v one_o of_o these_o bubble_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n will_v so_o rarisie_n the_o water_n include_v in_o they_o as_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o it_o to_o get_v out_o upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n emerge_v but_o when_o those_o beam_n be_v intercept_v the_o water_n be_v condense_v and_o get_v into_o the_o bubble_n again_o it_o will_v subside_o but_o when_o their_o subside_v depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o 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fluid_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o some_o learned_a man_n believe_v that_o the_o air_n have_v no_o such_o a_o considerable_a pressure_n on_o subjacent_a body_n as_o we_o teach_v be_v because_o they_o think_v it_o will_v be_v too_o heavy_a for_o animal_n body_n to_o live_v or_o move_v under_o it_o but_o since_o we_o have_v positive_a proof_n of_o it_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v whether_o the_o loadstone_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o attract_v and_o other_o virtue_n because_o we_o can_v understand_v how_o they_o be_v perform_v beside_o man_n be_v bear_v under_o such_o a_o pressure_n their_o body_n seem_v not_o only_a accustom_a to_o it_o but_o proportionable_o strong_a but_o can_v we_o suppose_v a_o man_n bear_v somewhere_o without_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o atmosphere_n doubtless_o such_o body_n will_v not_o be_v so_o able_a as_o we_o to_o resist_v its_o pressure_n but_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o that_o be_v there_o such_o a_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v cause_v pain_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o body_n be_v from_o the_o birth_n accustom_v to_o it_o we_o only_o feel_v pain_n upon_o some_o new_a unaccustomed_a and_o additional_a pressure_n so_o when_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o wear_v heavy_a clothes_n we_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o their_o weight_n nor_o be_v we_o sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o our_o heart_n because_o it_o be_v habitual_a to_o those_o part_n whereas_o if_o our_o finger_n be_v put_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o new_o dissect_a animal_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o sensible_o hot_a but_o further_a from_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a incumbent_a atmosphere_n and_o that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o air_n resist_v a_o further_a compression_n as_o well_o as_o a_o great_a and_o i_o have_v likewise_o show_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n whether_o fluid_a or_o consistent_a be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o numerous_a aerial_a bubble_n which_o cause_n those_o body_n to_o swell_v or_o expand_v in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o as_o for_o those_o membranous_a and_o fibrous_a part_n which_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o porous_a they_o be_v of_o so_o strong_a and_o firm_a a_o texture_n as_o to_o resist_v external_a pressure_n upon_o that_o account_n beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o partial_a pressure_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o press_v uniform_o and_o be_v resist_v either_o by_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o part_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o airy_a particle_n contain_v within_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o the_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a be_v evident_a since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o much_o light_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o some_o high_a mountain_n as_o not_o to_o elevate_v mercury_n so_o high_a in_o a_o baroscope_n by_o three_o inch_n as_o at_o the_o bottom_n yet_o those_o that_o have_v be_v upon_o those_o mountain_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o perceive_v no_o considerable_a difference_n in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n above_o and_o below_o nor_o be_v miner_n sensible_a of_o any_o great_a weight_n upon_o they_o though_o in_o deep_a mine_n in_o mountainous_a country_n nor_o be_v divers_a sensible_a of_o any_o pressure_n when_o under_o water_n but_o that_o air_n weigh_v in_o air_n and_o that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o evident_a yet_o i_o do_v think_v that_o a_o diver_n be_v violent_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n since_o from_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o if_o a_o man_n body_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o water_n the_o subjacent_a water_n will_v sustain_v he_o but_o his_o body_n be_v heavy_a than_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n the_o surplusage_n of_o weight_n depress_n it_o for_o which_o reason_n in_o some_o sea-water_n which_o be_v near_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o their_o body_n divers_a find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o dive_v however_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o at_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n as_o one_o hundred_o fathom_n divers_n shall_v not_o perceive_v a_o sensible_a pressure_n especial_o upon_o their_o thorax_n and_o abdomen_fw-la but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o some_o of_o they_o rather_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o make_v they_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o or_o else_o the_o haste_n which_o they_o rise_v and_o sink_v in_o since_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o they_o have_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a pressure_n when_o they_o sink_v leisurely_o and_o i_o be_v likewise_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o when_o he_o descend_v a_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n the_o blood_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o his_o nose_n and_o eye_n and_o another_o who_o dive_v in_o a_o leathern-case_n tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o press_v against_o his_o thorax_n and_o belly_n that_o he_o be_v force_v sudden_o to_o come_v up_o again_o but_o since_o these_o relation_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o pressure_n be_v no_o more_o sensible_a which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o strong_a texture_n of_o a_o human_a body_n and_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o pressure_n as_o to_o the_o first_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o our_o body_n to_o external_a pressure_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v upon_o the_o end_n of_o a_o cylinder_n about_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n

when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o incumbent_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o able_a to_o break_v it_o though_o when_o a_o man_n hand_n be_v place_v there_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v it_o till_o some_o of_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o pressure_n which_o hold_v his_o hand_n down_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n thirty_o foot_n high_a but_o to_o show_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o liquid_n upon_o solid_n contain_v in_o they_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a trial_n experiment_n i_o two_o and_o iii_o have_v place_v a_o egg_n betwixt_o two_o bladder_n half_o blow_v in_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n and_o cautious_o put_v a_o plug_n upon_o they_o with_o as_o much_o weight_n upon_o it_o as_o amount_v to_o thirty_o pound_n i_o place_v they_o all_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v though_o the_o expand_a bladder_n must_v needs_o press_v equal_o against_o the_o egg_n and_o the_o plug_n 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end_n be_v heat_v and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v most_o of_o it_o expel_v seal_v up_o and_o then_o be_v by_o a_o convenient_a weight_n of_o lead_n immerse_v under_o water_n it_o be_v suspend_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o counterpoise_v and_o then_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o with_o a_o forceps_n so_o much_o water_n get_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n as_o require_v four_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o eight_o grain_n to_o reduce_v the_o balance_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la which_o be_v do_v we_o drive_v out_o the_o water_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n into_o another_o glass_n which_o be_v counterpose_v and_o we_o find_v that_o it_o weigh_v four_o drachm_n and_o thirty_o grain_n which_o together_o with_o what_o be_v evaporate_v and_o lose_v and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o apex_n amount_v to_o the_o weight_n first_o mention_v so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o water_n weight_v as_o much_o in_o water_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o open_a air_n which_o according_a to_o the_o best_a computation_n we_o can_v make_v succeed_v a_o second_o time_n in_o a_o large_a bubble_n as_o for_o the_o objection_n which_o mr._n george_n sinclair_n have_v make_v to_o this_o experiment_n since_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o our_o author_n that_o he_o only_o differ_v from_o he_o in_o expression_n i_o shall_v wave_v what_o he_o there_o say_v as_o not_o at_o all_o requisite_a in_o this_o place_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v to_o explain_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n viz._n that_o it_o gravitates_fw-la or_o weigh_v in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o tend_v downward_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o specific_a weight_n though_o it_o do_v not_o preponderate_a that_o be_v the_o parcel_n of_o water_n weigh_v have_v but_o a_o equal_a tendency_n downward_o with_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n but_o upon_o a_o additional_a weight_n it_o preponderate_v as_o much_o as_o 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incumbent_a on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n and_o the_o low_a end_n be_v immerse_v three_o inch_n in_o water_n the_o liquid_a within_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o free_a communication_n will_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n with_o the_o external_a water_n and_o in_o thin_a tube_n a_o little_a high_o but_o if_o oil_n be_v gradual_o pour_v upon_o the_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n the_o superficial_a plain_n will_v have_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o it_o without_o than_o within_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n under_o the_o tube_n find_v not_o so_o great_a a_o pressure_n within_o the_o pipe_n as_o without_o it_o gradual_o rise_v till_o the_o external_a and_o internal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n be_v equal_a but_o since_o this_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o 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if_o the_o oil_n be_v keep_v suspend_v at_o a_o different_a height_n as_o the_o external_a water_n be_v deep_a to_o countervail_v it_o and_o if_o as_o it_o be_v raise_v from_o g_o h_n to_o i_o k_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v press_v out_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v press_v down_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n since_o then_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o k_o be_v not_o equal_o press_v upon_o from_o without_o as_o by_o the_o oil_n it_o be_v able_a to_o break_v that_o surface_n and_o make_v its_o way_n out_o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a advertisement_n first_o what_o we_o say_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluid_n upon_o one_o another_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o heavy_a fluid_n in_o general_a except_o some_o reason_n appear_v for_o a_o particular_a exception_n in_o some_o place_n second_o that_o in_o slender_a pipe_n the_o surface_n of_o 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the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v what_o you_o please_v but_o the_o pipe_n must_v be_v broad_a or_o long_o as_o occasion_n require_v seven_o the_o pipe_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v by_o suck_v up_o the_o air_n to_o a_o convenient_a height_n and_o then_o stop_v the_o orifice_n above_o with_o one_o finger_n but_o if_o it_o be_v too_o high_a the_o experimenter_n may_v let_v it_o out_o as_o he_o please_v by_o admit_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o air_n in_o at_o the_o top_n by_o gradual_o remove_v his_o finger_n last_o in_o such_o experiment_n as_o require_v a_o considerable_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o two_o mingle_a liquor_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la

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scarce_o discernible_a if_o at_o all_o as_o in_o lodestone_n ambergrease_n etc._n etc._n those_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o make_v their_o consumption_n discernible_a in_o which_o time_n we_o be_v not_o sure_a but_o the_o weight_n themselves_o may_v have_v lose_v of_o their_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o the_o counterpoise_n and_o consequent_o not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v the_o loss_n those_o sustain_v but_o there_o be_v several_a other_o beside_o statical_a way_n of_o try_v whether_o body_n emit_v effluvia_fw-la or_o not_o and_o there_o be_v several_a peculiar_a way_n requisite_a to_o cause_v they_o to_o emit_v they_o as_o glass_n etc._n etc._n affect_v the_o nostril_n upon_o a_o attrition_n i_o have_v a_o diamond_n as_o well_o as_o a_o ruby_n which_o will_v be_v excite_v by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n in_o my_o pocket_n or_o only_o by_o stroke_v my_o finger_n over_o the_o former_a though_o sometime_o they_o will_v fail_v to_o be_v so_o easy_o or_o uniform_o excite_v and_o it_o be_v 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