William but it is strong it supporteth it self at the top of every stalk spring many small branches of an equal height atop of every branch is a Flower of a pritty Pink speckled colour the Flower is five leaves in number at the outer part of every leaf of the Flower groweth a prickle This Flower flourisheth most in the latter end of July For the propagating of them I will be short with you the time is in the latter end of April the place is in the quarter which you reserve for Flowers in that manner as I have shown you of other small seeds of Flowers in which bed you may let them stand till they flower soon after they have yeelded their seed the whole plant perisheth Lupins Many sorts there are viz. the blew the yellow the white the purple and the great Lupin these and all these differ as well in shape as in colour they differ also in growth every sort of seed hath a difference in greatnesse and in colour also to puzzle my self and trouble the Reader with the description of each is altogether needlesse I shall give you some observations how all sorts of Lupins may be raised of the seed and not stand to name in particular how each is to be raised for one direction will serve for them all The time of planting of all sorts of Lupins is in the middle of April and so till May the place is in beds or borders according as your fancy is or the quantity of your seed if you have a great quantity then you may plant them in trails in beds or borders in manner as they plant Peas these are for the blew and yellow which are the ordinary sorts but the greater sorts require more room Lastly Observe that any sort of Lupins committed to the earth in their season will spring up without any further care so they need nothing but weeding in the latter end of July all sorts of Lupins come to flower which are very beautifull in a Garden after the shading of the Flower springeth cods in the shape of a Bean-cod bigger or lesser according to their kinds the cods are rough like a Peach the seed will come to perfection in the latter end of August and may be set again in the same Garden where it grew for many years and it will not degenerate Ladies-Thistle It hath only one stalk upon a root with long leaves and as broad as a mans hand these leaves are prickley and of the colour of a Cardus-leaf the plant never groweth to above two foot high and in August it flowereth the flower is of the colour of the great wild thistle-flower but greater and without prickles the seed is long and rough of a gray colour This plant is set of the seed in the later end of March the place is in a border when you intend to have them flower each seed being set half afoot asunder and half an inch deep it cometh up suddenly and flowereth the same year and the time as aforesaid the branch when Winter cometh dieth and springeth again in March the third Winter after it soon dieth root and branch Lowe in idle Lowe in idle or two faces under a hood is a Flower that is much like Violets in all respects but only it flowereth at such times at Violets does not that is in June and July this Flower beareth a seed of which it may be raised if slips might not be had The time for setting of them in the slip or sowing of them in the seed is in March the place is either in the side borders of high walks or on the edge of low borders in manner as I told you of Cowslips if you sow them of the seed then you shall make drils by a line with a stick half an inch deep each drill at a foot asunder if it be on the side border of your high walks if on your low borders one is sufficient in these drils thinly cast your seed then cover it and it will grow up and cover the whole border suddenly where it will alwayes remain for it renewes its nature by the branches taking root as they lie on the ground Ladies-liveries This is not a Flower yet many people fancy to have it in the Garden of pleasure because it hath such a pretty property with it for it shouteth up with many blades like spire-grasse of an inch in breadth each blade is striped red white yellow and green some call it Truelowe-grasse it hath a root like such grasse though it runne not so farre this root if you set in any part of your Garden there it will grow and continue alwayes This plant I thought fit to set down for brevities sake because I would not exempt any Ladies-smocks Otherwise called Blew-caps and White-caps It is a plant that the nethermost leaves keep green all the year those leaves are green and jagged of the length of a mans finger set on close to the ground in the midst of these leaves riseth a stalk with a few smaller leaves on it and on the top of the stalk are four or five Flowers white or blew according to their kind This Flower is single with five leaves in shape and bignesse like a Dogg-rose the time they chiefly flower in is in April and May it seldom bringeth seed to perfection This plant is set of the slip at any time of the Spring or the fall in the edge of borders for the keeping of them up and for the beautifying of the Garden if you set them in the fall it is much better than in the Spring for those that are set in the Spring in dry weather usually cometh presently after then your borders will be so dry without watering will cause the slips to die those that are set at Michaelmas will be well rooted by that time the Summer cometh and so flower in their season these slips being thus planted continue always nothing dieth but the stalk whereon is the Flower which you shall cut off after the Flower fadeth for the keeping of your border handsome Marmadle deparve Or otherwise called the Worlds wonder and I think it no wonder that it should be so called for it hath a quality naturally as no other Flower hath and that is this it beareth a Flower of one colour as it may be to day and on the morrow after of another and sometimes two or three colours at once the colours are chiefly these first red white purple peach yellow and cinamon these are distinct colours there are mixt also as the white and the red the purple and the yellow and so of the rest the shape of this Flower is much like a heart with the smallest end upward no bigger than an Acron this Flower is of no continuance for it continues not long upon the stock not touched and being pulled off it withereth presently so that it is of no use but for the ornament
according to the description that would be cut off at the Winters approaching and that is all that need to be done till the third year and then the root ought to be took up for its use and vertue the use is for Diers for dying and the Physical vertues the Herbals will shew you Marygolds There be double and single flowered ones and both of them yeeldeth seed and if it be sown in any place which is digged it will grow and keep the Garden full but if the ground be barren they will degenerate and turn single The use of the Flower of this Herb is for the pot for broth and the like and those that do think of the Winter in the Summer do gather the Flowers and dry them in the shade and put them up in paper bags for the like uses and others viz. for to make Posit-drinks for those that have any distemper at their hearts It is also thought that it is as effectual as Saffron Mother-wort It hath brownish strong stalks rising two or three foot high with many leaves cut deep into the very stem something like the Vine-leaf rough and crumpled of a sad green colour but many veins therein there are many branches and one stalk which also yeeld at the tops thereof a purple coloured Flower as small as that of Balm but in the same manner as that of Hore-hound after which come small blackish seeds in great plenty The bottome of the plant keepeth green many years before the root perisheth This Herb will seldom grow of the seed therefore it must be set of the slip or sucker which is taken partly from the root The time for it is either in the Spring or fall in a border or a bed of good earth where it will prosper and come to perfection according to the description Nip Garden Nip is much like Balm in the leaf but that they are sharper pointed whiter and hoary growing on four square stalks shoot up to three foot high with many small branches set thereunto having smaller leaves than those at the bottome This Herb yeeldeth a strong sent something sweet like Balm the Flowers grow in large tufs at the tops of each branch something like that of Sparemint of a whitish purple colour The root remaineth in the ground like that of the Mint and all the Winter some of the nether most leaves keep green The seed that this Herb yeeldeth is like Purslain in all respects but only it hath one white speck and that is where it grew to the cod and at that place it springeth its branch again Of the seed or slip this Herb may be propagated the seed if it hit it is long before it comes to perfection and it is very tickle in gemination as I have found by experience The best time for sowing of it if you will go to the trouble is in the later end of August but I think it better to set it of the slip if it may be had for that way it will prosper very well in any ordinary earth The time and manner of doing of it is as I told you of Balm in the former part of this Treatise in a bed by it self Orpine It hath round and brittle stalks with fat and fleshy leaves of a pale green colour the Flowers are white growing in tufts the roots are divers thick round tubelous roots and the branches fade yearly This Herb is set of the root onely in a bed reserved for it self The time is either in the Spring or fall and without any curiosity being committed to the earth in its season it will grow and flower as was said Pepperwort The root sendeth up leaves in shape like the Coursemary cut on the edges carrying the colour of the Horse-reddish leaves it hath a hard small round stalk with many branches like the same very thinly set with leaves and at the top of every branch are small white Flowers which leaveth a small seed that seldome cometh to perfection after the seed falleth the branch dieth and the root remaineth in the ground which sendeth up the like again This root is something like the wild Parsnip The way of propagating of this Herb is of the root the time for it is in March the manner thus Cut your roots into short pieces of three inches in length so done a bed of earth prepared for that purpose then prick in them pieces of roots at half a foot distance by May they will shoot up with leaves and by the later end of Summer with stalks as was said Now note that these roots must remain in that place untouched three years if you would have them at their full vertue and then they may be took up and the roots set again Pot-Margerum I imagine it is altogether needlesse to describe it seeing it is so common an Herb therefore take the propagating of it by seed and slip as followeth First Of the seed The season for it is either in the latter end of April or the latter end of August the place is in a bed by it self in a quarter with other sweet Herbs and done in the manner as I shewed you of Basil Secondly Of the slip that is done at the same seasons but sometimes not in the same places for we set it on border sides to keep them up where it will spring as well as in a bed and it will continue alwayes where it is once rooted in bed or border for it putteth forth side suckers which flourish after the old plant dieth I think it is but lost labour to write any thing more of it the Herb being so hardy and so well known Prick-Madam Or Prick my Dame Divers trailing branches upon the ground it hath composed of a soft substance not divided into branches or leaves but all parts alike which are round prickles like those of the Furse but as big as a Goose quill if you touch it a small matter breaketh it and it is not prickley at all though it seem so to be the colour of it is a blewish green and beareth a yellow Flower in August and a long seed a little after like that of Muscove but seldom to perfection This Herb is set of the slip in borders sides either in the Spring or the fall one chase in a border upon the uppermost edge thereof for after it is rooted it runneth upon the ground like Penny-royal and taketh root with its branches therefore it would be kept cut in order by a direct line at the nethermost part of the border and then it appeareth pretily it keepeth green all the year and continueth many so This Herb is eaten in Sallets in the Spring time Purple-grasse In Physicians Herbals I cannot finde this Herb named or described therefore I will describe this Herb and its vertues This Herb runneth on the ground like Clover-grasse with leaves and stalks of a purple-colour spotted as it were with blackish bloud and beareth a Flower
in July like that of the five leaved grasse and of the same colour wherein is small seeds of a brownish colour which are very light so that the wind will carry them away the topmost branches fade at the latter end of the Summer but the undermost spring up again The vertues of this Herb are for the curing of inward strains and such as spit bloud and it is a sovereign remedy for the Bloudy-flux a great quantity of the juice of it give Cattel to drink when they are troubled with the Lask it cureth them it 's also used for a Pot-herb Now for the ordering of it I will be short it is thus In the Spring or the fall get some suckers of this Herb and set in a place that you see convenient for such a purpose let it be but well watered at first it prospereth and continueth alwayes with you in that place and spreadeth and encreaseth very much Penny-royal By some Orgament Run-ground and Ground-royal I hope there is no body but knoweth it by one of these names without any description This Herb is set of the slip only for it beareth no seed though it beareth a Flower Now note although this Herb be very common and flourisheth mightily where it is once rooted yet it is difficult planting of it at the first to have it grow for if it be planted in dry earth and a dry season it will not take root without abundance of water To save this labour set it in the beginning of March in borders sides and it will prosper very well and spring every year after It requireth no more trouble but cutting off the branches after it hath flowered and how good the vulgar vertues of this Herb are there are but few but know it Poppy There are many kinds of them and in the Treatise of Flowers I describe what some of them are so I shall only speak of the white Poppy in this place because it is raised for the physical vertues that are in it This may be sown in September and it will prosper very well in any ordinary earth and will come to flower about the later end of May and that which is sown in the Spring will flower later and both sowings after they have yeelded the Flower and the seed both root and branch dieth and if you suffer the seed to scatter it cometh naturally up of it self Rosemary Of this there is gilded Rosemary English Rosemary and Spanish Rosemary the last of these is needless to be propagated or to be discoursed of First For the propagating of our English Rosemary I will speak of that briefly Of seed and slip this Herb is raised and I think I may very well wave the Discourse of the raising of it of the seed seeing the Herb is so plentifull and slips any where may be had where there are any Inhabitants Now followeth the manner of setting of it thus Prepare borders of good earth either round a quarter of Herbs or in strait borders in quarters if the earth be barren it must have good store of rotten dung This observed lay it into two foot and an half beds or borders and set three chase of the slips each chafe eight inches distance and the slips half a foot asunder in setting of them twist the nether end of the slip and thrust it down so deep that there be but three inches appear above the earth The time for this is almost betwixt January and May but that which is set after the middle of March must be continually watered or else it will never take root and that which does by industry will decay sooner than that which is set in February and will not endure the Winter half so well we have experience that cold Winters will kill Rosemary by this last past as many Gardeners about London can witness by wofull experience Lastly The seasons are to be observed and the governing of the young plants first if February be not temperate then there is no setting of it but if it be it is the only time Roman-Sage Roman-Sage or the Sage-tree It hath a body like a Whipcrap-tree rising to four foot high as big as a mans arm with many branches shooting forth from the sides with no leaves but upon the top of them onely which maketh it have a spreading head the leaves are of a brown colour and in handling much like Sage and is made of a round fashion about three fingers in breadth the body is of the same colour it yeeldeth no seed but a kind of Berries which never cometh to perfection this tree keepeth its leaf green all the year The slips of this tree if they be set in March in a good earth there is no doubt of its growth and will come to perfection according to the description alwayes provided that they be transplanted having stood on year so that there may be no want of room and fresh earth Rubarb Rubarb or Rewborme or otherwise called Araponick Of these there are divers kinds which are distinguished into almost as many names as there is vertues in them viz. China Rubarb Garden patience or Monks Rubarb great round leaved dock or bastard Rubarb and English Rubarb and as many more If I should describe them all it would take up a page or two so I will onely give a short description how they may all be known when a man sees them All sorts of it resemble the Burdock in shape before it spindleth to a stalk Now observe there is difference in kinds as it differs in colours and stature but little in form viz. the China Rubarb hath many green leaves near two foot in breadth and not much longer rising upon a foot stalk from the root which are of a red colour after this springeth the stock with lesser leaves on it growing to a yard high and beareth white stringey Flowers all in a cluster like that of the Dock and yeeldeth a three square seed of a dark brown colour as big as a small Pea something glistering to the eye The time that it flowereth is in June and the seed is ripe in July the branches perish at the coming on of Winter and the root remaineth and sendeth forth the like branches again Monks Rubarb groweth up with large stalks with somewhat broader and longer green leaves not dented at all The stalks being divided into a great many small branches which bear reddish Flowers and three square seed like unto the other the root is long and yellow like unto the wild Docks but a little redder and much bigger Bastard Rubarb hath yellowish green leaves rising from the root on long brownish foot stalks among which riseth up pretty big stalks about two foot and an half high and at the top thereof standeth long brownish Flowers wherein is hard three square seed much like that amongst Rubarb though not so big yet the root groweth something greater Let this serve for a description so I will proceed to the
or September after two sorts or waies first when it is set for physicall uses or for profit it is in beds in manner as you set Rosemary secondly when it is set for pleasure it is either in borders or knots and to see a knot set of Lavender-cotton drawn in a large scope of ground either division or in running draft-work done by the hand of an artificial workman and let grow to a foot high and half a foot a breadth being kept clipt evenly with a pair of shears is a rare prospect and casteth the pleasantest sight of all works of a Gardeners inventing and also this knot so planted and so kept will continue so twelve or fourteen years before the herb dieth Lavender-spike Sometimes called Spike I think it is altogether needless to write any description of it This herb is set of the slip only the best time for it is in the latter end of March in beds of good mould setting two chase in a bed each slip at half a foot distance and the bed of two foot and a half breadth it must be well watered at the first planting or else it will not take root but if it may be so ordered by July most of those slips will spindle up with a knapple like the Flower of Betony yeelding the pleasantest sent of all other herbs Lastly It is profitable to plant this herb for distilling and for other physicall uses and especially for oils which are of most vertues approbated to any pain or distemper of man which cometh by aches or old bruises Lavender-slip This herb which is known so well to be planted of the slip only with little labour but it yeeldeth more profit the fittest time for the planting of it is in the beginning of March so that it may take root before the dry weather cometh and it is also observed that the sooner of the year it is planted the longer it will continue before it decayeth For the planting of it though it be such an ordinary thing yet I have seen errors in it that is they plant it too thick for some I have seen plant three rows in a border of two foot and a half in breadth when one is enough therefore I advise those that set it to set but one each slip near half a foot asunder and also observe to twist the nether end of the slip Lemon-time I wonder that the Physicians have left this herb out of their Herbals considering that it is for severall uses as distilled for waters and a good pot-herb and nursed in Gardens also this forceth me to give a short description of it that they and you might be acquainted with it This herb is much like the pot-Marjerom in shape but little bigger in leaf and branch than the ordinary green Time and it spreadeth upon the ground sometimes taking root the colour of it is betwixt a light yellow and a green the sent of it is pleasant and sweet it beareth its Flower like the pot-Marjerom but never yeeldeth any seed it keepeth fresh all the year and never decayeth where it is planted of the slip which is taken from part of the root this may be done either in April or August the place is sometimes in beds by it self when it is planted for its use and others plant knots of it for pleasure and being kept clipt often and clean as Garden knots ought to be it out-lasteth the planter Mallows Or Garden-Mallows otherwise called Holihocks in the Treatise of Flowers I had an occasion to speak of the double kinds of Holihocks and of their severall kinds and colours how they are raised and planted for ority of the Garden of pleasure these Mallows that I prescribe here are single kinds and sown in the physicall Garden for physicall or kitchin uses The time of sowing is either in March or in August in a remote place or an out-border by reason of their high growth they would be unhandsome in the middle of a Garden therefore sow them against the pales or wall and they will prosper very well in any ordinary earth now note that seed which is sown in March seldome cometh to flower that year those that are sown in August come to flower the next summer at its naturall season which is in July and lastly note that Mallows spring four or five years and only loseth its branch in the winter and then it dieth March This herb is much like Parsly at the first coming up but of a darker green colour and of a stinking sent afterward it spreadeth into bushy branches never rising to above two foot high carrying of its leaves to the very top yeelding of its seed in like manner as the Parsly doth in shape and colour but much smaller and of as strong a sent as the herb the branch perisheth yearly and springeth again for three or four years and then dieth This herb is raised of the seed it is no great matter at what time for where it groweth as the seed sheddeth naturally so it cometh up again therefore the time cannot make much difference let the place be in a bed which is reserved for such like strong herbs as Rue Wormwood Featherfew Savin Southern-wood and Germander for these like herbs agree best together and are for the curing of desperate diseases but as is said if the seed be committed to the earth if it be but new and sound it will come up at its naturall season and your Garden will never be without it this may serve for the propagating of it Now I 'le describe some of the vertues of this herb my reason is this I have run my eye over Culpeppers Physician and other Herbals and I found that the name and description of this herb was not there and the vertue of it is so needfull and usefull that I must describe it viz. it cureth Fellons and Gangreens of the flesh applied Poultiss-way it preventeth in Cattell the Murrain and the Pestilence giving them a drench of it many more vertues it hath which I would wish both Physician and Patient to study how to know them Madrath Many long four square stalks trailing on the ground it hath something reddish and full of joynts whereout shoot forth long narrowish leaves rough and hairy betwixt them riseth Flowers pale and yellowish after they fade cometh small round heads green at the first and black afterwards wherein is contained the seed the root runneth down into the ground even four foot if it may have good earth so deep and spreadeth many waies also and are of a red colour This is planted of the root in March in manner as followeth First Provide a bed in a warm place for matter of foyl for it will endure any air now the bed being cast something high at three foot a breadth and good store of rotten dung under them then set the roots in manner and distance as was shown of Liquorish so done the Summer following it shooteth up with branches
propagating of it and that in particular First China Rubarb which Physicians make such division in names and quoil about the nature of it so that they say it is unpossible to produce any plants in our English clymate to be so vertuous as that which comes out of its naturall Countrey But I will not dispute this but prosecute the raising of it as briefly as may be The season fit for the sowing of it is in the beginning of April the place must be where it may have the benefit of the Sunne and a shelter from the cold the earth as loose and as fat as may be such a place provided cast it up into a bed and prick in the seeds half an inch deep so done let the bed be sheltered with a mat at nights and in three weeks space the seed will come up by the latter end of May the plants need not be covered till the next Winter following and then it must be sheltered likewise and in the Spring following it would be transplanted into a like earth and that Summer some of it will spindle to seed and the third year it cometh to its full growth the fifth year it hath its whole vertue the vertue is in the root chiefly and then it is taken up Monks Rubarb and bastard Rubarb may be raised of the seed at that time as I told you of the China Rubarb with lesse curiosity and trouble especially the bastard Rubarb True it is I should insist upon some particulars further in the ordering of this but that I have been something large in the information so that I cannot permit any more time about it but must speak something of others Spare-mint Of Mint there are many sorts as Mackarel Mint Horse-Mint white Mint and wild Mint these I wave Of Spare-mints there are two sorts that is smooth Mint and crudled Mint or crumpled Mint The way of propagating of them both is of the root and in this manner for the saving of labour and the surenesse of the work for to have the roots to grow that is thus when you have prepared a bed or a border where you have a desire they shall grow then make three or four drils in the bed with a planting Hoe then lay your roots into those drils with the Spire end upward so done fill up the drils again with the head of your rake let this be done either in March or September and those roots will spring without any further care and never leave you nor forsake you Saffren If you please to look into the Alphabetical Table there is Crokus named and in the page Saffron-Crokus exprest Now what is to be understood by this is that Saffron-Crokus or Crokus differeth not in shape from this but in colours as blew Crokus and yellow which are sometimes called Saffron-Crokus because they differ not in form but in vertue This Saffron which I here prescribe is planted only for its vertue and profit which it returneth to the Planter thereof as in Cambridgeshire and Saffronwalden where they plant many achers thereof Now I 'll speak a word or two in reference to the planting of it This Herb or Flower is planted of the sucker from the root for it never beareth seed The time that it is chiefly planted in is presently after its flowering which is in April the manner is without any difficulty for if the root be committed to the earth it will grow so therefore there needeth nothing but to set every plant decently in order so that every plant may have its proportion of ground which would be four inches Lastly Observe that in the gathering of the Saffron that you must be carefull to see to it every morning for the Saffron cometh up in the middle of the Flower like horns as it were and the Sunne causeth them to perish two or three dayes therefore it is that I counsell you to be watchfull over it Sage I discovered Roman Sage to you or the Sage-tree This Herb is the common English Sage and of that there is red and green a man would think that it were a needless thing to write any thing of the propagating of it seeing every one can say set Sage in May and it will never decay truly that is a long day but if that were true the last Winter would not have killed the most of the Sage about London But so set Sage in the beginning of May in good earth cast into beds of half a foot high and two foot and an half broad setting three chase in each bed of slips each slip half a foot asunder watering of it well at the first planting till it hath taken root and then this Sage set in May may not for six or seven yeares decay Summer-savoury So called because it perisheth so soon as the Winter approacheth This Herb is raised of the seed only the season for it is in the later end of April after this manner Prepare a bed of earth in a quarter amongst the other sweet Herbs and the bed being finely raked then cast the seed thereon then get some fine mould well ridled and cast thinly thereon so that it cover the seed not above half an inch thick yet I know some Ideots have written that they should be covered three inches thick and in so doing you had as good cover it three yards thick for any expectation of the growth of the seed To be short the seed sown as I told you will come up in a weeks space and covereth the bed suddenly and needeth no replanting or any more trouble but only cleansing from weeds Setterwort Or black Eleyvert it is known of a stinking smell it is much like the Bears foot it hath winged leaves and runneth up with stalks like Parsnips and beareth the seed in like manner the root lieth in a clumper as big as a bushell if it have stood long the root of this herb yeeldeth such a strong stinking smell so that a man in the digging of it up will be even sick with it so that of all herbs or roots of herbs there is none that yeeldeth so noisome a savour of this root this plant doth encrease and if any part of it be set in any kind of digged earth it will grow without any further trouble and spring every year after but observe the time and that may be at any time but when the branch flourisheth and he that will not observe this and bestow this small pains to have this vertuous herb in his Garden if he have Cattell he is a very unwise man if he did but know what diseases it doth prevent in Cattell Stone-crop This is not unlike Prick-Madam in any thing but that it is smaller with divers trailing branches upon the ground set with fat roundish blewish green sprouts pointed at the ends it beareth a Flower which standeth somewhat loosely not composed together but stands stragling this herb also keepeth green all the year Of the slip it is propagated by setting
top which maketh it to stand in a stately form the leaves of this tree are green as the Bay-trees and keep so all the year they are also of the same shape though not half so big the ribs of them are something reddish and the bark of the body of the tree is of a reddish green colour something rough and dented the middle of the tree as to say amongst the branches are bare and without sprouts or leaves at the top springeth berries upon stalks when they are ripe they are absolutely like Strawberries and may be eaten though not half so good yet they are usually eaten There is no way that I could find of propagating of this tree but by slips taken from the branches and set in good mould to the end that they may take root and become trees but most of them thus done seldome take root There is another way which is more certain and that is to make a branch as it groweth upon the tree to pass thorow a pot which hath a hole in the bottome of it and then to fill the pot full of earth and that will cause it to take root as it groweth on the tree and then it may be cut off and planted in that place where it should remain The End of the Physicall Garden THE GARDENERS PRACTICE IN THE Kitchin Garden how to advance the nature and growth of Herbs Roots and Pulse contained therein I Have not leisure to insist upon every particular at this time but if it please God to permit me life I shall give these rules and directions for the propagating of those plants mentioned in the Alphabeticall Table belonging to the Kitchin Garden thus Propagation 1. The season fit for sowing or planting 2. The time and place fit for it 3. How to order the ground 4. The quantity and the quality of seed 5. The knowledge of replanting of seedlings 6. The art in slips suckers and roots 7. How to prune cleanse and dress plants Experiments 1. The preservation of plants from hurtfull distempers 2. To produce them early or late 3. How to alter sent and colour 4. The art of transforming plants So only take these short observations upon these plants as followeth in this Treatise viz. Artichokes By their distinct kinds form and vertue are called thus the Protector head the Rabits head and the Dogs head or otherwise red white and brown Artichokes the red and the brown are propagated by art and care to a huge greatness in reference to those that are and grow naturally The way of propagating of Artichokes is of the slip in an extraordinary rich soyl not as it is naturally rich but improved with dung for they delight in any stiff clayey ground so that it hath but dung enough Secondly The time and manner of setting of them is thus when the ground is digged and laid levell or even then set the slips in half a foot deep by a line so that they stand two foot and a half asunder the season that is best for it some suppose it to be in September but experience tells us that the last winter most or all of those slips thus set were killed therefore I think it best to set them in March in that manner as aforesaid Thirdly The preservation of them from perishing in the winter is to shelter them from frost and snow and that is done by trenching of them and laying of new dung about them which will not freez but will keep the plant from the frost Sparrow-grass If I should enter upon an historicall discourse of this herb I should never have done I will only acquaint you that this herb is raised of the seed and usually after this manner they prepare beds of good earth of three foot a breadth and two foot path between in breadth likewise then cast in the seed thinly thereon this is done in the latter end of March the next September they transplant these plants the seedlings into beds of the same breadth of extraordinary rich sandy ground the next summer following it spindleth into small spindles which are worth little but the third Spring after its sowing riseth good Sparrow-grass now note that every September rotten dung must be laid upon the beds and in the beginning of March to be raked off and the ground loosened with a forkabout the plant for if they should do it with a spade it would cut the roots The way of producing of it early is done by raising of it upon hot beds I will permit a little time to show you how and when in the latter end of February make a hot bed of horse-dung of three foot high and three foot broad and of a length according to your Sparrow-grass you intend to sow the bed thus made then lay-fine mould atop of it so that it may raise it two inches higher so done take up the oldest Sparrow-grass roots that you have that are like to decay where they stand and lay them one by one as thick as you can upon this hot bed lay as much more earth upon the roots as is under them cover the bed with some litter the fourth day the roots will sprout up young Sparrow-grass by reason of the heat of the dung and the steme being kept in with the litter which causeth this hasty growth now observe that when these sprouts are thus shot up the litter must be took away and pent-houses of rods made over the beds whereon you shall lay Mats to preserve them from the frost and cold remember to give the bed air once a day if the weather be seasonable so done you may pull good Sparrow-grass from the bed at the fortnights end Beets Both red and white are for generall and Kitchin uses they are raised of the seed and you may sow it when you please and it will come up but it is when it please and that is at its naturall season you may also sow it in any ordinary earth and it will grow but the better the earth is the better is the herb and yeeldeth the greater encrease also the root will grow to a huge bigness which is for many uses especially the root of the red Beet Now I advise you to sow Beet seed in speciall rank ground in the beginning of September and by the latter end thereof it is very probable that some of the seed will be come up and the rest will not appear till the next Spring following the next summer they will run to seed if you suffer them and after they have yeelded their seed three times the root and branch dieth yet where they are once sown by reason of scattering of the seed they will not leave your Garden Cucumbers Are long and short the long are counted the best both for salleting and pickleing the raising of them is both alike all the art that I shall endeavour to lay down in few words here is the raising of them timely for salleting for those that come late in
the summer are only used for Gerkings to insist upon the raising of them early about the middle of March make beds of new horse-dung of two foot and a half high and near that breadth then make a band of straw or hay and pin it upon the uppermost part thereof then lay some fine ridled mould atop near three fingers thick then cover this bed with some litter or straw and make a pent-house over it as I told you of the Sparrow-grass bed whereon must lye Mats then steep your Cucumber-seed in milk and suet for four and twenty hours by that time the bed will be hot then prick in your seeds at two fingers distance upon the bed and lay on the litter again be carefull afterward for once or twice a day to see that the bed be not too hot for then it will force gemination too soon and the plants will never hold it now observe that if the seed appeareth before the third day then that bed is too hot and too hasty a gemination but if they appear not before the fourth or fifth day then those plants are like to come to good if they be carefully looked after for the future and that is to set glasses over them all night and in boisterous dayes till towards the middle of April then transplant them from that bed into holes or trenches wherein is laid new horse-dung and Pigeons-dung if it may be had with four inches of good mould atop of it then set four Cucumber plants in the compass of a Musmillion-glass and with a glass over each four plants let these plants be watered with such water as hath stood in the Sun wherein hath been steeped horse-dung by these directions if you had any knowledge or insight in it before you may have Cucumbers fit for a sallet by mid May if the Spring be any thing favourable and that is counted great rarities The second and the ordinary way of raising Cucumbers for sallet to have them about mid-summer is to raise them in mid April upon a hot bed not so hot as the former only covered with Mats and the first week in May transplanted into holes as was said before you need not go to the charge to cover them with glasses for any thing else will serve that will only keep the frost from them anights let these be watered as the former every evening or every other evening if it rain not I cannot stay to treat upon every particular Lastly The ready way of planting or sowing of Cucumber-seed is to prepare holes which will hold a Wheelbarrow of good rotten dung or more let each hole be four foot asunder and earth atop of the dung and then half a score seeds pricked in each hole but if four of them come up it is enough and what more cometh up pull them away or else they will hinder one another and come to nothing note that the time of sowing is about May day let these be well watered the summer following and gelded and by August their fruit will come to perfection Colliflowers They are raised of the seed and I shall spare a great deal of labour in setting down the directions for it if you please to look back how beds are made for Cucumbers in the same manner and at the same time so make for these and they are governed up alike only these are without glasses at the middle of May transplant them into rich and forward ground setting each plant two foot and a half distance watering of them well at the first planting and by the latter end of July they will come to flower so that you may have a dish of them The second season of the sowing of Colliflower-seed is in the beginning of September in beds of very good mould being sown there and come up at a moneths end transplant them into another bed of three abreadth setting each plant at a hands breadth asunder in ranges by a line then make a shelter over them with sticks and mats to shelter the plants from the frosty nights the winter following the next Spring transplant them in like manner as I told you of the other and by mid-summer or soon after they will come to flower Cabidges Mistake me not I mean the propagating of Cabidge-seed to be Cabidges again which oftentimes through negligence and ignorance turn or come to be Cail or Colworts but I cannot stay to reckon up Colworts and Cabidges how many sorts there are and what a great commodity it is especially amongst the Plow-men but I shall proceed with all the brevity as may be possible what is to be observed in the sowing and governing of the seed that it degenerate not First of all observe the season that is if you sow seed for winter plants to be planted out of the Spring do it at the latter end of August in a light earth the Moon being at the full five or six weeks after transplant them into another earth laying or setting them at half a foot distance to the end that each plant may have its proportion of ground and be restrained of its high growth at the latter end of February and in March at the full Moon these may be planted into quarters of earth where they may stand at a yard distance now note the best ground for these to be planted in is the strongest clay or mawm earth that is with this provisoe that there be abundance of dung under it these Cabidges must be kept whole with earth about the stalks as the weeds rise and the under leaves stripped off to cause the Cabidges to grow the greater Lastly You may sow this seed in March for winter Colworts for they may be transplanted about the latter end of May or in the beginning of June in manner as aforesaid I cannot go farther I have spoken more than I intended Carrots I shall only give three directions for the propagating of them which vulgar people are not acquainted with though they may sow of them yearly the first is the earth that the seed is committed to that it be of a like nature and not wet when it is delved also observe that the Moon be of the first quarter the time of the year is even from the beginning of March till May. Secondly Observe the quantity of seed that you sow it not too thick and for a better help thereunto consider your quantity of ground and then note that three pound of seed soweth an acre and so proportionably sow your own Thirdly That you let them not grow too thick for then they will be very small and worth nothing the best way to prevent this is to hoe them as our London Gardeners do so that each Carrot stand ten inches one from another or thereabout Corn-sallet Whether any Countrey men know it yea or no I shall not dispence with the time to describe it but sow it in your Garden in the beginning of September in a good earth the seed being sound and
it fruitfull How to divide ground into quarters for knots The expert way of laying of Grass-work The manner of setting of hard quick-set and Poll-work The ready way to make borders and beds according to the new art The way of purifying of earth for to receive curious plants The best way for laying of walks either with Grass gravell or Taris-morter The way of making high walks and mounts How to make bowling Allyes with great ease and little cost Rules for cutting of a wilderness and maze-work Also one hundred proper drafts as were never so drawn by any with rules and directions how they may be amplified in the ground with an information and a farewell on them in verse The advancement of a physicall Garden by improving the earth Preparations for Indian plants Contrivance for a physick-Garden for profit and pleasure Means for the saving of plants from hurtfull worms Errors discovered in the practice of digging The means of improving a Kitchin-Garden The ready way to cleanse and destroy weeds Seasons for digging for improvement All these experiments I shall not fail to bring forth if God permit me life But what remaineth at the present but that you modelize and contrive your Garden-plats by these few directions which I gave you or others which you may better like of and also to beautifie them with such knots as follow hereafter of my invention or those that may be invented by your self which probably may please your fancy better than mine 1 This Figure represents Lines how they ought to be layde before you begin to drawe a large Knott but especially that following And allso note that these Lines are not to be stirred till the Knott be finisht and so by the use of these Lines and two lines more you may draw any Knott This figure is supposed to contayne 18 yards square allowing 21 Inches to each footpath 2 3 a Scale by one foote Measure 4 This is a Scale of 20 Foote 5 Heere I have made the true Lovers Knott To ty it in Mariage was never my Lott This Scale will serve for 3 other Knots folowing a Scale of 32 Foote 6 Running Drafts 7 8 Cross Diamonds in the paper I doe frame And in the ground I can draw the same 9 This Scale by 9 Inch Measure 10 This Scale is 18 Foote 11 a Scale by Foote Measure 12 by the foote Measure 13 Four severall Quarters fit for to be drawne with herbe or box for to set Flowers there in These workes neede no Scale being so plaine 14 Heere is other foure fit for the same purpos as the last This by 19 Inches page weere This by twentie 15 This Knot may be drawne with foure Lines onely as it is heere This Scale by prescribed one foote 16 It is by twenty two a Scale Inches Measure 17 This Scale by 10 Inch Measure 18 a Scale of 28 foote 19 a Scale of 30 foote 20 a Scale by the foote etc Also a forme how to lay your Lines 21 This is a good patern for a Wilderness as well as for a Quarter of Herbes a Scale of 24 foote 22 a Labyrinth This scale by two foote and two Inches 23 a forme how to lay Lines for the folowing worke 24 The Flower of Deluse Ovall Heere I have in the paper the Ovalls so round put And in the Ground the same I can Cut. a Scale of 40 foote 25 a Scale by the two foote Measure 26 The halfe Moones Every black and white in this Scale is two foote and two Inches vpon the worke Grass worke 23 a forme how to lay Lines for the folowing worke 24 The Flower of Deluse Ovall Heere I have in the paper the Ovalls so round put And in the Ground the same I can Cut. a Scale of 40 foote 25 a Scale by the two foote Measure 26 The halfe Moones Every black and white in this Scale is two foote and two Inches vpon the worke Grass worke 27 The Figure of a whole Garden This the a foote and half 28 a plaine Ovall for Flowers by 15 Inches Grass worke 29 This is the Triangle Ovall a Scale by two foote 30 a plaine Wilderness a Scale of Yards THE GARDNERS PRACTICE in the Garden of Pleasure in the knowledge of propagating preserving and maintaining of Flowers and curious Trees therein contained First of Flowers Amorantus or Christerious Purantus THere are divers names and divers colours of them but one in nature Their names are thus Amorantus purple Amorantus scarlet Amorantus cleery many more that I 'le not stand to speak of Now I 'le give you a description of them Amorantus is like the Princes feather in shape it flowreth in the Spring and it is sown in the same and seedeth the same year and dyeth presently after the seed is of a purple colour this is for no use but only for the beauty and preheminency of the Flower and therefore we nurse it in Gardens in England and hold it in great estimation It is supposed that the seed of this Flower came first from the Indies and they call it there Vtter it is the Flower of which they make the scarlet-dye the Heathens with the juyce of this Flower will make their skins look as if they were imbrued in blood Now I shall speak something to the propagating of it First The season for sowing of it is in the beginning of March on this manner we make a hot bed with horse-dung as we do for Purslin then we sow a quantity of this seed upon that bed setting glasses over it covering the bed with Mats this done it cometh up the sixth day so soon as it is come up you must give it a little air in the middle of the day covering of it again at night water it moderately as you see occasion this carefully done it will grow to be half a foot high by May then you may transplant it from these hot beds into borders or pots or other places wherein you take most delight sheltring of it for the first week till it be well rooted again this done it will come to flower by the latter end of May. There is little or no experiment to be used about this plant because it dyeth yearly therefore it is only propagated in its own nature as aforesaid so I leave the ordering of it to your care and proceed to the next Anstartion indecom It is known by no other name and it is a Flower that is raised every year If you will have it every year I describe it to you thus it hath a seed something like a pepper-corn this seed when it is sown it cometh up something like the honey-suckle and flowreth in June and it is a Flower of great rarity amongst the Gentry and Gardeners of this Land Now followeth the ordering of it The season fit for it is in March in the encrease of the Moon the place for it is to make a hot bed covering of it pretty thick with mould let this bed lyeten
replant it once or twice at the Spring or fall and have it weeded carefully and after it is come to perfection they are very hardy Next I give you directions for setting of them of the root thus having roots of your own or procuring of them from some other place slip all the young roots off the old set the old by themselves and the young by themselves in the intervals of your knots or in borders where your fancy most leadeth you Lastly I advise you to cut off the dead branches when they have done flowering close by the earth and remove them once ntwo years Globe-flower It is known by no other name that ever I did hear of yet there are two sorts that is single and double they are of one nature to give you better knowledge of them this plant groweth up to two foot high with many branches of one stalk spreading with green leaves in shape like the Ivy-leaf but lesser rough and jagged this plant beareth many Flowers which are yellow round and of the bignesse of a Wallnut it flowereth in the latter end of April the branches die every Winter and springeth again early having stood four year root and branch dieth This Flower is propagated by seed or slip the slip is it which is taken from the side of the old mother which is taken from part of the root and part of the branch this is to be done at the later end of March the place for planting of it is where you plant your pot-flowers I hope I need not stand to insist upon every particular that appertaineth to this Flower Having given you the knowledge of ordering of more choiser Flowers I think your own discretion may guide you how to order this So to be short you may buy the seed and sow it in the Spring with other Flowers and it will come forward without any great care or curiosity Green Cowslips So called because part of the Flower is green for there are leaves that are mixed amongst the Flowers which maketh them appear to be green they flower early in the Spring and never beareth any seed This Flower is set only of the slip in the Spring or in August the place fit for it is upon the edge of borders you shall do it thus slip them into as many pieces as you can then prune them with your knife which is to cut off all the leaves within an inch of the root then set them down by a line one by one upon the edge of your border water them while they are rooted then afterward they need no care but cleansing of the weeds from them thus you shall have them alwayes after Holihock Or Mallows there are many kinds and full of many vertues but first I will describe which they are and then I 'le treat of them in particular First For worthiness and beauty that are placed in Gardens of pleasure is the white and red and double Holihock next the red white yellow and blew double Holihock forasmuch as they are called Mallows I take them to be two or three distinct kinds for there is the Kings-Mallow March Mallow and French-Mallow these bear single Flowers and so will the Holihock without good industry but that is not all they differ in vertue as the Kings-Mallow the French-Mallow these are for physicall uses and the Holihocks are very wholsome for the body and a very pleasant Flower they bear I shall not treat of every sort in this place because they fit not the Garden of pleasure I shall reserve the French-Mallow March-Mallow or Kings Mallow to the Treatise of the physicall Garden Holihocks I have described what they are in order to their places and names I think it is needless to write any farther description of them they are so generally known I now proceed to the propagating of them First To have them early from the seed you shall sow them in hot beds in the middle of March the seed is of a quick spirit and cometh up the sixth day these plants must be covered or else you will lose your labour by May day you shall replant these seedlings into borders next the walls set them at the innermost part at a yard distance set them nigh the wall because they spread much another reason is you may nail the body of it to the wall to keep the wind from breaking of them these will flower by the latter end of the summer A second and ordinary way of sowing of them is in the middle of April in beds of ordinary earth where you may let them remain till the next August then replant them as you did the former The third best way is to sow them in the middle of August so by the coming on in winter they will have four or five leaves be sure you shelter these plants in the frost and snow and the seedlings will flower as soon as the old standards which is in July and August the seed is ripe about Michaelmas which you may save and sow again Herbit If I am mistaken in the name I will give you a description whereby you shall know it it hath many jagged thick leaves rising half a foot from the ground in the midst of it riseth a stalk like the stem of a Cowflip though something bigger and higher it is bare without leaves the Flowers have many small leaves in the middle with five greater set round it this Flower is the bigness of a double Primrose white and red speckled the time of flowering is in May it seldome bringeth seed to perfection the nethermost leaves keep green all the year This plant is set of the slip in the Spring of the year I suppose it is needless to stand telling of you how in every particular the place fit for it is in a quarter laid out into beds for Flowers as before this being so planted it will endure any weather till the fourth year and then it dieth naturally therefore take off some of the slips from the branch and root and set them which will renew their nature and keep the Garden flourishing Humble-plant I suppose the name of it was derived from the nature of it for the nature of it is thus when it is in its perfection if a man or a woman go to it and touch it with their hand this plant will bow to them therefore an humble plant It 's a plant that riseth never above a span in heighth with a broad head only a single stalk with small sharp whiteish green leaves set thereunto about the top the foot of the stalk is without leaves it putteth forth a blossome before it yeeldeth its seed which I cannot fitly call a Flower the seed is in shape and colour like the Spanish-Broom seed though not half so big and a smooth glistering seed In the propagating of this plant there must be a great deal of care and diligence this plant is only raised of the seed
observe the time and season for it that is in the beginning of April the Moon being ten daies old or in the encrease at least the season being temperate for the time of the year then order this seed as followeth First Get a small quantity of horse-dung lay this in a bed of two foot square and a foot high lay upon your dung some barley straw and some bran which may make it rise to a hands breadth higher then get a quantity of Pigeons dung and lay atop of that an inch in thickness then sift some freckled mould and lay atop of all about two inches in thickness then prick a small stick through the middle of your bed so that it may reach to the bottome and stand an inch above the too of the bed the use of this stick is to let up the steme of the heat below when you see the plant shall want it now these things observed cover the bed with some litter for four and twenty hours both top and sides and when the time is expired then take the litter off from the top of it and prick in the seeds in such a circumference as a million glass may cover them I suppose no body will be willing to buy any more seeds than may be planted therein for they are usually sold at twelve pence a seed Now for the further care of the plant be sure that your bed be not too hot for if it be it will spend the spirit of the seed before it hath taken root and then it will fade immediately to prevent the bed for being too hot you shall make a hole with a stick of one side or both to let out the steme these things observed the plant will come up moderately the sixth day and afterward you must give it a little air by raising of the glass up on one side for without air your plant will never come to any colour or perfection if the plant stand at a stay by reason of the coldness of the bed then stir the stick of the middle of the glass to let up the steme and the heat which is at the bottome to the plants with this care I have raised them up in five weeks time fit to be transplanted into boxes of freckell earth and then I left them they left not me For the further preservation of them I have been satisfied by my brother Gardeners and by my own reason they may be preserved in boxes all the summer and in the winter housed in the same so they will continue two years before they die Hearts-Ease Or Wall Flowers by others yellow Gilliflowers I cannot stand to dispute why this Flower hath severall names The nature of this plant requireth to have a dry and a rich soyl for fear you should mistake there are two kinds sometimes called by one name the one is single and coveteth to grow upon walls the other is double and desireth such earth as I told you of This Flower yeeldeth a pleasant smell and keepeth green its leaves all the year and flowereth the most part thereof this plant is in shape and substance like the stock-Gilliflower the Flower is yellow intermixt with purple this plant being planted in earth that it liketh it continueth five or six years the double Wall-flower seldome beareth seed to perfection therefore I shall not trouble my self to set down directions for the ordering of the seed yet it is generally sold and sown but seldome or never hits This plant may be set of the slip at any time of the year save the middle of the winter and the middle of the summer the place fit for them is in the borders of high walks having prepared such a place then dress your slips which is to slip off all your under-sprouts and leaves then twist the nether end which you intend to put in the earth and thrust them in with a dove-tail setting stick about eight inches asunder by a line two rows in a border if this be done in the beginning of September most of them slips will flower in the Spring quarter those slips that be set in the Spring if they be well watered at the first planting they 'l come to flower in Autumn For preservation and doubleing of them first I advise you to cut most of the under branches away this will help to enlarge the rest of the Flowers and preserve the plant secondly they would be moulded up with fresh mould by these means many times such as are single are turned double The other kind of Wall-flowers are single with five leaves only they love to grow upon walls and are seldome set of the slip because walls are not a convenient place for it they are sown of the seed thus take a quantity of seed and cast it upon an old wall or pavement where you have a desire it shall grow this seed will spring forth without any more care and come to flower and bear seed which seed will fall and grow up of it self so where they be once sown they alwayes continue the time for sowing of them is when you please for if you sow them in the winter they will spring in the summer so it is no matter when So much for Wall-flowers it may be some may think it too much Jerusalem-Cowslips The least hair hath a shadow and every shadow hath a substance and this small Flower hath a property which maketh it to be cultivated in Gardens though it be but small yet it is pretty It hath many spindle leaves like soft rushes in the midst is a stalk of a handfull high very small with a Flower atop of it of five leaves usually of a blew colour in the shape of a Cowslip the root of it is a Bullous-root with many knots which increase in the earth for the Flower never bringeth seed to perfection The time place and manner of planting of them is as I told of Crocuses where they are once planted they alwaies continue Indian-wheat Indian-wheat or Christmas-flower it is known of a broad blade like a flager-leaf these leaves spring out of the earth on the stalk are a matter of four smaller leaves of one root springeth but one stalk and that stalk never beareth but one Flower rising to two-foot and a half high the Flower is like the Dragon when it first begins to open in the husks under the Flower grow seeds in colour and shape like a reddish seed only flatter of one side the time this plant flowereth is presently after Christmas if it be housed from the cold the seed never cometh to perfection in England but in the Indies from whence it had its name This plant is propagated by sowing of it upon hot beds in Marck these beds are only to be covered with mats the seed is of a quick nature and cometh up suddenly after it is sown the plants coming thus of seed are to be transplanted into boxes as I
of the Garden There is two kinds of these plants that is the single and the double the single dieth yearly the double will continue two years if it be shelter'd from the frost and snow in the winter This plant is in growth like unto the stock Gilliflower it riseth not so high it spreadeth close to the ground with sharp-pointed leaves with a stock of the bigness of a mans thumb each Flower bringeth a seed and no more which is in shape and colour like the Pepper-corn but something greater The fit time for sowing of it is in the Moneth of March the Moon being in the encrease these seeds are tender and very dear for I never bought them for less than two pence a feed therefore they ought to be raised with great diligence and thus it must be ordered it must be sown in a hot bed but you need not make it purposely for about that time we fow Colliflowers Cowcumbers and Musmillions and in some part of one of these beds you may prick down your seeds three fingers asunder so done cover them with a glass the sixth day they will come up with two round thick leaves the next leaves that shoot forth will be long and sharp-pointed when this plant hath six leaves they ought to be transplanted into a border or pots of good mould so done about the beginning of August they will come to flower in manner as aforesaid There are other wayes of sowing of them that is in beds of freckled mould in the latter end of April for if they should be sowed before they would not grow those that are thus sown toward May day may be let stand in the same bed and it will be Michaelmas before they come to flower the year being so far spent they will not come to perfection therefore I think it best to take the pains to sow them in hot beds as was said so I 'le leave these directions to your charity and rest to speak any more here of the Worlds wonder Muscabious Be not Flowers of distinct natures and properties but distinguished in colours as the purple white red and damask-colour Flowers Scabious is a plant that groweth to great stature as it is in number of branches though they be but small they spread and grow to three foot high with some leaves growing jagged and others smooth of a dark green colour standing from the branches upon stems every plant yeeldeth abundance of Flowers in shape and bigness like the great double Emrose this Flower smelleth like honey the time of their flowering is from June till Michaelmas and after the seed of this plant groweth atop of all standing in order naked being enclosed in nothing these seeds when they are ripe have many beards whereby it entangleth one in another it is a hollow loose seed and the lightest of all others These plants are propagated from the seed the time for it is in April or August for indeed August is the best for then it sheddeth its seed and it is to be noted that at such time as plants shed their seed is the naturall time of sowing if they be such plants as keep green all the year Then in August prepare a bed of earth in a quarter which you reserve for Flowers so done mingle with your seed some earth or otherwise it will not untangle so that you will sow it too thick or too thin so done get some other earth and cover your seeds half an inch thick these things observed and your seed new and good it will come up in three weeks space like Gruncel let it alwaies grow on this bed and next summer following it flowereth then if you rail in this bed with little sticks it will keep the wind from breaking the Flowers keeping the plants in uniform order when the seed is ripe upon the stalk then cut the stalks off within a hands breadth of the ground the plant will spring again so you shall preserve seed and plant thus you may do for three years the fourth root and branch dieth Monks-hood Or old mans head it riseth up like the branches of Carawaies with small stalks never above two foot high every plant yeeldeth many Flowers which are set with many small whiteish grey leaves the Flower is of the bigness of the ordinary Cornations with a few green prickles growing among the Flowers This plant is sowed of the seed only in the latter end of April usually after this manner we dig a border by a walk side when this border is digged and raked then lay a line in the middle of the border and by the line make a drill then cast the seed thinly into that drill for it is very small then cover it this done it needeth no more care it cometh up well and by the mid August after it flowereth and dieth as soon as it yeeldeth its seed Marble-flower It is a plant of a small stature and the stalks are of a soft substance and of a whiteish green colour the leaves are of the same colour in shape like the wild poppy-leaves this plant beareth many Flowers which have no more than four leaves apiece and of a perfect white colour the time of flowering is in July the seed is ripe presently after then dieth the plant This plant is raised only of the seed in the Spring time I shall not stand to set down every particular concerning the ordering of it but so as you raise Monks-hood so you may raise this you may have that at one end of the border and this at the other Nurssusuly They are a kind of Daffodillies the difference is these flower after the Daffodilly and is of a milk white colour something smaller growing upon longer stalks These are planted of the root as I told you of the Daffodillies the place is chiefly upon borders of high walks because they are of a hardy nature and nothing else might so well grow there as they because of the drithe you may set them in any place else and they will grow and flower yearly neither weeds nor grasse nor any thing that groweth nigh them will kill them some will plant them in their Orchards round their fruit-trees Oxslips The double sort are planted in Gardens because they flower early in the Spring and for using of the Flowers in Salets and for strewing Flowers Oxslips are set of the slip onely in the Spring or fall the place fit for it is on bank-sides where they are once set they alwayes continue Oak of Paris It resembleth a young Oak plant the leaves being much smaller body and branches also are of a short substance the plant spreadeth at the top whereon are many pretty Flowers they flourish chiefly in August the seed groweth in great cods eight square wherein is brown seed as small as Parsley-seed after this seed is ripe the plant dieth This plant is propagated of the seed only in the beginning of May the place fit for it
the propagating of them they being of alike nature Both these sorts are raised of the seed only the time for it is in the beginning of March the place for it is in a bed in a quarter which is reserved for Flowers onely in manner as I shewed you concerning the Princes-feather if your seed be good in a short time it will come up and observe if your plants should be thick then pull some of them up and set them in another place or cast them away by the later end of July following your plants will flower according to their kinds The white Poppie is for general uses and for distilling as the Physicians Herbals will shew you The red is also good for the cure of many maladies The second season of sowing of Poppies is in the later end of August or the beginning of September in place and manner as aforesaid These plants will come to flower in the later end of May following Lastly Where Poppies are once they likely alwayes continue though the plant dieth every other year yet the seed that it sheddeth springeth up again naturally Pinks Two sorts there are viz. the matted Pink and the grasse Pink. I need not trouble my self to write any more of them they are so well known I will only acquaint you the easiest and the best way of propagating them by seed and slip which may be most for pleasure First For sowing of them of the seed the time which is seasonable for it is in the middle of April the place in some high border side or a high wall side provided that there be but earth drest conveniently and finely if the bank-side be ten foot high then make as many drils at a direct line and at an equal distance one from another in those drils sow your seed with an equal hand then cover it and fix the face of your bank smooth again Now understand that these seeds will come up in ranks which will be very pleasant to the beholders these plants must be well weeded the first Summer the second Summer they will spread so that they will cover the bank themselves so that no weed can possibly grow there then these Pinks will flower which will cause such a beautious sight as hath nor been seen in England unlesse it were the like Besides this they will alwayes continue there and need no labour but cutting off the dead stalks after they have done flowering The time for the setting of the slips is in the beginning of September the place is in the edge of borders round grasse-work or herb-work a single chace in every border set at three inches distance so done they 'll come to flower the later end of the next May following Purple-Primrose These are Flowers that differ not from the white Primrose in shape and growth but only in bearing purple Flowers and that which is more rare they flower twice a year in March and in September These Flowers are set only of the slip at two several seasons and those are presently after their flowering The place fit for it is in borders at the uppermost part thereof directly at a hands breadth asunder if this be done in the Spring time the slips must be well watered till they have taken root if in the fall you have no more care or trouble with them but to keep them weeded to cut off their dead leaves and stalkes after their flowering for the renewing of their nature and to cause them to look the pleasanter Pawmers So called because the seed is the figure of a Pawmer and upon this account men hold such a thing a great rarity and though of little use yet they will bestow the pains to propagate it as followeth About May-day this plant is only to be raised of the seed in this manner prepare a place in a border under a wall or some other warm place there prick in your seeds with your finger at a hands breadth asunder I suppose you will not set many of them because they are no more usefull and so by July they will come to flower and a moneth after the seed is ripe and the plant dieth Queens-Gilliflower Some call it the white Gilliflower whether it hath any more names I cannot tell yet I know it is usuall to give divers names to one and the same plant It hath many leaves growing and spreading close to the ground something long sharp-pointed of a dark green colour being hard rough rugged and grayish underneath of little or no sent but of a fine pleasant sharp tast above these rise a stalk two foot in heighth and at the tops of the stalks and branches stand many tufts of small white Flowers which smell sweet and in their places being fallen come cods wherein is a brown flat seed and at one time you shall have Flower and seed ripe upon the stalk the root is somewhat black and woodish with divers great strings the top branches die every year but the root and the under leaves perish not but abide many years the sides partly from the root send forth many young slips every year By this description I hope you understand the nature of this plant I shall not need to stand to treat of every particular in reference to its ordering to be short get of the slips of this plant either in Spring or fall and set them in a convenient bed or border of good earth c. The Flowers of this plant are good in nosegaies or to be placed in Flower-pots the leaves are a good pot-herb and serve for many physicall uses Rose-campions Be these the white the red the purple they differ not in form but in the colour let one description serve for all Rose-campions have white hoary leaves and soft sharp at each end the stalks are of the same colour weak and small as a Hop-vine not well able to support themselves from one root springeth many of them which spread mightily in June and July this plant hath its Flower richest in the branch these Flowers are made of five leaves the seed lieth in bags which are round and of the bigness of a mans fore-finger and when this seed is full ripe it will rattle in the husks the seed is as small as Gunpowder and of a dark brown colour on this plant will be ripe seed and a rich Flower at once this plant riseth to three foot high the second year the whole plant dieth naturally This plant is propagated only of its seed and in short I will show you the way viz. prepare a bed or one end of a bed in the quarter which is appointed for Flowers so done sow your seed then cover it thinly with a little ridled earth let this be done in the beginning of April or the latter end of August now observe that those that are sown in August if the winter following be hard they must be covered with a little straw and the
knitting thus you may preserve any other wall fruit Apricocks are propagated by inoculation and circumcising the experiments I refer to the Treatise of Fruit-trees Almonds There be two sorts the sweet and the sowr the sweet sort are planted against wals as the Apricocks are and propagated as the other are in all respects Bay Bay-trees are planted sometimes against pillars or on each side of doors of Gardens of Pleasure but chiefly in fore-Courts at a yard difference to the end that they shall spread the wall and not grow too big for then they would not be nailed to the wall but would endanger to throw it down and stand very unseemly These trees are raised of seed or slip First of the seed the time for it is in the middle of April in a good earth and if the seed be new and sound it will come up suddenly and by the third year it will be four foot high The setting of the slips is in this manner in September go to a Bay tree and cut off all the strait shoots that are joyning to the body and set them slope-waies in good earth and they will take root most of them at that time twelve moneth they may be took up and set in those places where they shall remain Box. With Box knots and borders are set but now it is almost out of fashion for the roots of it drieth and improverisheth the earth so that nothing can grow nigh it so it is chiefly now used for setting of hedges upon the edge of high walks where it shall annoy nothing but cast a pleasant sight alwayes this is set of the slip in September and the least slip of it will grow though it be but slowly Ciprus There is two kinds that is the great Cipruss and the dwarf-Cipruss the great kind will grow to twelve foot high the dwarf-Cipruss seldome grows to above four or five foot high they are both planted for pleasure thus The great kind is planted at ten foot distance more or lesse in grasle-knots according to the space of the Garden usually at the corners thereof and for to keep them in a pleasant form you shall set a stake by them which is strait to the end that the plant may grow up by it and be bound to it with wier and clipping off of the loose branches with a pair of sheers and keeping of it so clipt that they grow no bigger than a mans body and cutting of them all off at an equal height which is usually at nine foot high and when they are at their full growth they will be kept in this form with twice or thrice clipping in the year The dwarf-Cipruss is usually planted by pole-hedges two foot and an half distance so that when they are grown up they might be a hedge themselves cut at three foot and a half high The place that they are thus planted is round the quarters of a Garden and it is the newest work that is growing witness his Majesties new Garden at St. Jameses These plants are raised of the seed in April sown in exceeding good earth and sometimes in hot beds The plants thus come of seed ought to be transplanted into other beds and set at half a foot distance sheltered the first Winter and the third transplanted for pleasure as aforesaid Fig-tree Fig-trees are planted against the house because they run up to such an height that no wall will be high enough for them These are set of the slip which springeth from the root of the old Fig-tree as usually all Fig-trees put forth unless such as be set in pavements where the stones hinder them from coming up Figs of India Figs of India or Indian-figs it is such a strange kind of plant that I cannot call it an Herb Flower nor Tree It groweth on the ground like an heap of Cucumbers laid up together without either branch or leaf or any thing like it at the bottom it hath a root which is white and of a soft substance and those kind of parts which I cannot give a name for which I told you are like Cucumbers take root whereby it increaseth and for me to give you any farther account of them I shall go beyond my knowledge but these are to be seen in the Earl of Meaths Garden in Ireland Filleroy There are many sorts of them but all are of one nature and held in great estimation They are trees that grow to three foot high spreading with branches to the very bottome and in the beginning of March this plant putteth forth so many Flowers that it covereth it self these Flowers are made of four leaves and of a reddish colour and after the Flowers shed there springeth leaves which are of a swarthy green colour and as broad as a shilling afterward appeareth a green berry and in August it turneth red as a Cherry and something bigger than a great Pea by Michaelmas it is full ripe then it is coal black and loseth the outer husk the seed is in the middle which is black also and smooth as glass The propagating of this plant is chiefly of the seed in this manner in the beginning of April make hot beds of a foot high laying of two inches of earth on it then cast the seed upon that then lay another inch of earth upon that let both be ridled well make a shelter over the bed with sticks and mats and in short time the seeds will come up and there they must stand till the fall and then transplant it into ordinary beds but they must be sheltered the winter following or else the cold will endanger to kill them many curiosities more there are used about them which I will not treat of a wise man knows one thing by another Gesamits Of these there are two sorts the white and the yellow the yellow is little set by because it hath no sent yet it flowereth early even at the beginning of May the white Gesamit flowereth not while June this tree beareth a Flower in sent colour and shape like the white stock-Gilliflower both these kinds are set of the slip in Autumn in a moist rich soyl so they will take root by the Spring the place they are severally transplanted to after they have taken root is against walls or bowers so that they be nailed or tied up for they cannot stand of themselves these directions are sufficient there is no curiosity belongeth to these plants Holyander It is a tree that keepeth green all the year it groweth to four foot high with five or six branches rising together even from the very root on these branches stand leaves in order one against another much like the Laurell leaves and atop of every branch springeth a Flower like the white Lillie These plants are not raised in England but are brought in boxes of earth out of Italy so I shall cease to give any directions for the propagating of the tree this tree is to be seen in the Lord of
it in dry banks on stone-wals and mud-wals for there it delighteth most to grow and will shift for it self whereever it be planted for it neither careth for heat nor cold but abideth its place alwaies without any alteration this herb is good in sallets and for physicall uses Shalot Or Spanish Garlick it hath heads in the ground like Garlick though not so big it runs up with blades like that of Chives but a great deal bigger and longer there is never any appearance of any Flower or seed but continueth according as I described it the sent of it is strong being eaten it never offendeth the breath By this short description you may know it as well as if I had filled up a page with it This herb or root is propagated by the off-set or sucker setting of them in March in beds of ordinary earth prickt in each root at a hands breadth asunder just within the earth this done by the next Michaelmas following each root will encrease to be ten then they ought to be taken up and kept in a chamber all the winter till the next March and then set again in manner as was said Sweet-Maudlin I hope I may spare the pains to write a description of an herb that is so common so only take the nature of it and that is it beareth a seed which is something downy wherein I can see little or no perfection or any kind of spirit that may tend to growth yet seedsmen do sell it upon that account and unexperience men by it thinking to raise the herb of it but they are mistaken it is the slip and the slip only that it is encreased by and that is done in the Spring time in this manner having gotten slips then prepare a bed and set them therein with a diber so thick as they may cover the bed when it cometh to spread and that will be in a short time after I need not to give any farther observations only remember to clip off the branches when it begins to put forth its Flower so that will renew its nature and make it to look the more beautifull and continue the longer Seurvy-Grass Many thick leaves round and green it hath smooth on the edges these leaves are sometimes springing from the root upon stems and others upon stalks spreading upon the ground never rising above a foot in heighth and the tops spread with white Flowers and after they fade cometh bags wherein is contained small seeds This herb is sown of the seed only the best season for it is in the latter end of August it mattereth not what earth it be so it be fine dry and clear from rubbidge and have some shelter it will grow up and prosper very well the winter following and it will be the first sallet-herb in the Spring by May it cometh to flower and yeeldeth not its seed in a good while after Sweet-Fern It hath roots that remain in the ground like those of Spare-mint spreading and encreasing which sendeth up sprouts crumpled at the first of a pale green colour and after it brancheth out into jagged leaves as it were of a darker green colour than the former something like that of sweet Sisly these grow not but to a small heighth and never yeeldeth either Flower or seed this herb yeeldeth as pleasant a sent as Basill the branches dye at the coming of the winters cold breath and the root sendeth up the like again the next Spring this herb is frequent in Gardens in Barkshire Of the root only this herb is propagated by setting of it in ordinary earth at its first springing which is in the beginning of April now I advise you to plant it in an out-border because it spreadeth mightily where it is planted so by that means it will not run amongst other herbs that are placed in quarters Sweet-Covey Or Muscovey is an herb that where once it is sown there it continueth by the reason of the scattering of its seed which springeth up again I need not describe it nor speak any thing more of the nature of it it is so well known for where it hath gotten any interest it will hardly be destroyed if you desire it Sweet-Marjorum There are two sorts and that is winter sweet-Marjorum and summer sweet-Marjorum first for the summer sweet-Marjorum that is sown of the seed in the latter end of April in beds of good mould finely delved and evenly raked and the seed cast with an even hand upon it then rake it not but cover it thinly with mould as I told you in the sowing of Basill this needeth no further care but watering and weeding and at the coming of the frost it withereth Winter sweet-Marjorum is sown at the same time and in the same manner and it continueth green all the winter following and it is for the same use and vertue as the other is and a great deal more in estimation because it can be had when the other is not Sweet-Oak Is an herb which perisheth yearly and leaveth a seed which is as small as the Rose-campion seed I cannot stand to describe every part of this herb nor cannot speak of every particular in the observation of propagating of it for I have already gone as far as my bounds so I will only acquaint you with this that is you may sow it when you have sowed the seed of the herb before-mentioned in the same manner and preserve it with the same care Taragan I suppose it is well known so a description is unneedfull This herb is also sown at the same time and season as the former but the seed is more difficulter to take in the gemination but in the fructition much harder this herb may be set of the off-set but seeing that it is of no long continuance and of no great vertue but only for it s sent therefore I shall not dispence with the labour to set down every particular way for it Time It is not to be questioned but that the generality of men and women do know this herb and how and when it may be planted to grow but yet let me put you in mind of a decent form in each particular in the propagating of it by seed and slip First There is two seasons for it the one is in mid April and the other at the latter end of August that which you sow or set in April especially that which is sown will not come to flower that summer and ought not to be cut till the latter end thereof because it should spread the ground and keep the Sun from scorching of it at the latter end of the next summer following it will come to flower and seed Secondly For sowing or setting of it in August I hold this the best season for it will endure the winter and will have taken good root against the summer and be fit to be cut for the severall uses when the other is sown now observe that this be sown and
set in a decent manner and I shall spare the ink and paper to set it down but see as Hysop is done so is this The last thing that is to be taken notice of is that it be kept clipt so that it bring forth neither Flower nor seed for if it does it will not continue half so long and this you may know to be true by the Garden knots that are sown or planted with it and that being clipt alwayes to make it show pleasant continueth fresh seven or eight years when that which is sown in beds and let run to seed continueth not above half so long Tansie The double kind is planted in Gardens for its vulgar and physicall uses the place would be in some reversion or out-part of a Garden for it spreadeth very much where it is planted and abideth there alwayes only losing of its branches every winter I pray you excuse me for writing any directions for the planting of it it being such a vulgar hardy herb it is needlesse V. laren Of it there is two sorts in form and colour of Flowers and that is the purple Valaren and the blew Valaren they differ in seed as well as in colour yet they differ not so much in stature and growth but that one description will serve them both It hath leaves round and of a dark green smooth on the edges and all parts else many of them set on upon one stem much like that of Box these are set all upon stalks and the bigger of them are springing as it were from the root and spreading on the ground the stalk riseth to three foot high and on the top are many Flowers set one above another of a blewish or a purple colour glistering as it were the time it begins to flower is at the latter end of June and so continueth till after Michaelmas this causeth some seed to be ripe when Flowers are rich in the branch the nether most part of this herb keepeth green all the year and continueth many before it dyeth Now for the raising of it my words must be few that is this Herb may be sown of the seed or set of the slip in the latter end of March or in August in a bed by it self in the usual manner of sowing and planting of others and it will prosper according to the description Wormwood Of this there be three sorts viz. Sea Wormwood Field Wormwood and Roman Wormwood and the last of these is onely cultivated in Gardens for its cordiall and physicall uses This Herb is set of the slip or sown of the seed but the sowing of the seed I shall wave because nature doth it better than I can teach you the slip is set in the Spring time which is taken from the head of the root it prospereth well in any earth being something shaded Winter-savoury This is the last Herb in the Physical Garden as it fals out in the Alphabetical order though the vertues are the best of all others for vulgar uses Of Winter-savoury there is three sorts in form of leaves and only one in nature and vertue I will now give some directions for the propagating of this Herb though most men know it yet it may serve to put them in mind of that which they know in mid April and the later end of August either of these seasons the seed of this Herb is sown and the slip is set I shall not trouble you with the manner but as Hysop was sown in like manner is this so done it prospereth very well THE PHYSICAL GARDEN as it treateth of TREES A short Description or Direction for the Propagating of each TREE which is Fruitfull and Physical usually planted in a Fruitfull or Physical Garden Barberry I Will be as short on this and all the rest as possibly may be so that I may but give an information The plain way of propagating of each Tree as this is of the sucker which springeth partly from the root and being taken away in September and set in the nursery where suckers slips and seedlings are set and after they have taken root they may be transplanted into the quarters of the Garden in uniform order where they are to remain Currants Currants are generally white black and red but yet each of these sorts differ in greatness as well as in goodness according to the care as is used about them in the raising of them from suckers to fruitfull trees the thing is plain yet there are mistakes many times in it therefore I would willingly give my evidence in it to insist upon it presently after Michaelmas take your suckers from your Currant trees and if you have not ground ready for them to transplant them where they should alwayes grow then plant them in a piece of ground by themselves at a foot distance which may be fitly called a nursery let them stand there while that time twelve moneth then plant them into the middle of Strawberry beds at a yard distance each tree bound to a stake so that the wind may not break them and put them out of uniform order Lastly observe let these suckers be taken yearly from the roots of the old bearers or otherwise they hinder them from being fruitfull they must be pruned also which is to cut away the superfluous branches which run above the rest and never bear fruit Gooseberries Are distinguished into many sorts usually thus Dutch and English first with the Dutch there is white and red which are the worthiest of all other both to the pallate and the eye of the English kinds there are white and red also and many others but I will only name these that is the long yellow and the round yellow the amber and the christall the nepture and the wild all these are set of the sucker as I told you of Currants in like manner and transplanted into like places Many arguments of curiosity I could raise in the propagating of them which would appear to men of experience to be needlesse my self being sensible of the same I passe that and only desire you to remember to prune them so that the fruit may be the larger and the trees renew their nature and appear the more pleasanter Mulberries Are white red and black these trees seldome send forth any sucker neither are they to be grafted upon other stocks to advance the fruit but the way is to get young sprouts from the body and to set them in good earth in September or thereabouts so that they may take root and at two or three years end to be replanted into certain places where they may remain so done it is without question but these slips or cuttings will come to be trees and bring forth fruit according to its mother Quinces Are supposed to be of divers kinds by reason that they yeeld contrary fruits in vertue and in shape I shall not end the controversic here by any arguments but shall refer you to a Book of mine which
new I dare promise you that it will grow and come to be cut by the next March for Sallets and by the latter end of April it cometh to flower and in June the seed is ripe which if you save it you may sow it again or if you let it scatter of it self sometimes it will grow naturally Goards As they are known to be in distinct forms and something in nature so they bear their names according to the Country from whence they are brought that is the Italian Goard the lowland Goard and the Cocker Goard if I am mistaken in the names I am not mistaken in the properties and the form for there is one sort which is nigh a yard long and sometimes as big as the lowermost part of a mans thigh with that end which is farthest from the stalk and so it cometh lesse and lesse by degrees Another sort is long and both ends alike for matter of bigness the other is bigger and shorter all these grow in like manner as Pumpkins do as for stalk and shels and they say the leaves differ not much Now for the raising of them if you have a desire I will give you my directions as far as I have observed by others viz. at the same time as they set Cucumber-seed in the same manner they do the Goard-seed and what they require afterward I cannot affirm it to you but it is said they are as easily raised as Cucumbers The stalk and root perisheth yearly as they do Indian suckory It is so well known I need not write any thing of its use and virtues but for the nature of it it is very probable I have observed more of it than those that have cultevated it longer than I have done and in my observation I have found it to be of a strong nature so that if you commit it to the earth in the Spring or Autumn it needeth no farther care but being cleansed from weeds so it will continue till it hath yeelded its seed three times and then root and branch dieth English-Beans Or great Garden Beans I name them here because they are usually set in Gardens though sometimes in Fields In which place soever you plant them in I find but one Objection and that is some plant them here and there according to their fancy and not by a direct line the errour is this those that are set at random and not by a line they have not their proportion of ground nor can you cleanse them hoe them or gather them without great injury in breaking of them down therefore learn of the Gardeners and Husbandmen about London for if they plant twenty acres together it is all set in rows by a line each row some eighteen inches difference one from another and the Beans the other way some six French-Beans They are much like the former but something thinner and of a tenderer nature they are ripe something sooner and require an hotter soil these may be set in the same manner as I described before of the English-Beans Let that suffice Jerusalem-Artichoaks The property of this plant is so that nothing is usefull but the root and it remainet hin the ground some as big as a Hens egg some bigger some less and of divers shapes some long some round some crumpled and all full of dents and of a reddish colour from which riseth a stalk near eight foot high resembling that of the Flower of the Sun though not so big a stalk This stalk perisheth yearly the root continueth in the ground as was said Of the root these Artichoaks so called are propagated either by cutting of the great ones into small pieces or else setting the little roots descending from the mother in beds of earth by themselves in March without any difficulty for they are very hardy and will grow in any place but they prosper best in a light mould Now note that once a year these roots may be taken up and the great ones reserved for to be eaten and the little ones set again Kidney-Beans My Countrey men I suppose call them French-Beans like Ideots for why names that are given things which are newly found out are given them according to what they resemble and it is so that this Bean resembleth a Kidney and therefore it is fitly called a Kidney-Bean let that passe There is red white purple and speckled of them but the nature of them is one and my directions for the planting of them shall be one and that briefly In the latter end of April provide a hot natured ground if it be something sandy it is the better so that it be but well holpen with rotten muck the year before when the ground is digged they may be either planted or set in ranges by a line at eighteen inches distance those that go to the trouble to set them usually take the pains to stick sticks for them to run up upon to the end to keep them from the ground for to save their fruit and to cause it to ripen the sooner those that plant them in drils take no farther care but only hoing the ground being hot and dry they ripen very well and bring good increase Lettice Many sorts there be but of all others the French Lettice is the best but that being sown in England it doth often degenerate from its own nature because it findeth not the air and the earth so temperate here as in its own Countrey therefore if it be raised here it must be done with care and judgment and as for our ordinary English Lettice it may be it would appear as light as vanity to the vulgar sort of people to give any directions for the raising and governing of them although there is matter of consequence in the work yet I shall wave it and only put you in mind that you may sow Lettice any moneth from the latter end of February to the latter end of September yet take notice that those which be sown in the middle of the Summer ought to be watered and those that are sowed in September for salletting early in the Spring would be covered with straw or sown under a warm pale that might shelter it from the sharp winds Lastly If you have a desire to save seed of Lettice let it be of such as was sown in September let them not be cut or medled with till the seed be full ripe in it and that will be in July Leeks A short account may very well serve for the raising and governing of this Herb or root and so it shall be Leeks are sown in the beginning of March in a rich soil for that it delighteth in much in which place they may remain all the Summer following and in September be transplanted into a rich soyl laying of them in rows at half afoot asunder as the ground was digged The end of removing of them is to cause them to grow the bigger and so the next Lent those Leeks are drawn up by the roots for
and Swines-dung of a foot high and three or four foot in breadth and as long as you please lay thereon so much earth as will raise it an inch higher then prick in your seeds afoot one from another so that they may have room to grow then lay a little chaff atop of the bed for keeping of the ground and the plants moist and when the plants are come up water them with such water as standeth by a dunghill once or twice a week this done I hope by Michaelmas that you will have Pumpkins as big as a Kilderkin of Beer and being baked and well buttered is good chear Radish If I should enter upon every particular of what belongeth to the raising of Radish to have them young and good nine moneths in the year it would take up a large discourse which I will pass for I hope you are well acquainted with the manner so I will only put you in mind of the seasons first to have them early sow them in the latter end of February if frost and snow hinder not it will prosper and you may have good Radishes by the latter end of April if the ground be rich and forward so they maybe sown every moneth after till July for the having of them fresh and young one under another another season is to sow them in September for to have them in March. Let so much suffice Spinage Smooth and prickly are both so well known I need but name it this herb may be sown in as many seasons as I told you of the Radish and it will prosper very well in good earth it would be often cut after it is come up else it runneth to seed presently if it be sown in the Spring time but it is much better to sow it in September for then it is checkt of its high growth and isready to be eaten in sallets when others are a sowing Skarots It may be they have some other name and if I am not mistaken Gravous Marcom calls them Creases in his Book entituled The whole Art of Husbandry If you know them not by neither of these names you may know them by this they have roots resembling Parsnips many of them upon one head and as big as a mans middle finger the branches that spring from it are much like those of Creases running upto two foot high or more whereon the tops groweth tufts of small brown seed something longish of the seed or the slip Skarots are raised of the seed it is difficult and long before it cometh to perfection therefore I shall not trouble you with the manner of it to set them of the slip it is done in March and placed in an extraordinary rich ground first know what the slip is that is taken from the head of the root where many of them are set together upon white strings as it were and set in such ground and such times as I told you at a foot distance each plant being kept hoed afterward at two years end they may be taken up in great roots and reserved to be eaten for they are the best of all others either boyled or baked in Pies the slips or suckers may be set again Sorrell The Garden kind is for many Kitchin uses it is sown in the Spring time in any ordinary earth and it will prosper very well without any further care I only name it because I would not have the Kitchin Garden without it Small Suckory This differeth not much from the Indian-Suckory but that it is much smaller and not so sharp-pointed leaves and the tast is not so bitter I shall wave the manner of the ordering of it because that discourse of Indian-Suckory may very well serve for this Turnips Be white and yellow the ordering of them is one the seasons for sowing of them in is in March April and June those that are sown in the two first moneths require a hot sandy and a light ground those that are sown in June desireth a stiff clayey ground rather than a ight now all that is to be observed in the doing of this is that the ground be not over-seeded the just proportion that good ground will have of good seed is after the rate of three pound in an acre and they must be hoed with a six inch hoe after they have sprung up to a reasonable heighth three hoings serves for one crop sufficiently Tongue-Grass Or Pepper-Grass I think others call it Smallage it is something like Parsly at its first springing but of a lighter green colour afterward it shooteth up with many small stalks and the tops thereof be set with many white Flowers which leaves store of red seed which if it be suffered to scatter cometh up naturally this herb when it is young is used in fallets and hath a mighty hot biting taste for the raising of it you need but commit it to the earth and it groweth and flowereth and seedeth and as the seed falleth it springeth again of it self without any more trouble Now I have done here with the nature of plants and their propagation by seed The Conclusion I Shall as it fits the Work and the place conclude my Treatise upon the working of Nature and the propagation of the seed Royall In the workings of Nature as God hath created and decreed it to stand Man is in respect of properties and motions no less than a little World I may not write down those properties and motions for if I did then my Conclusion would be larger than my Book but to be short I find that if a man could rightly know himself he might comprehend all things else in the Creation yea the Creator himself all wise men witness this truth against such as are Atheists either in opinion or practice who hold such a sleepy-headed conceit that the Creation was from eternity and that all things comes from the course of Nature For the first of these the Scriptures make known to the weakness of our capacity how it was created but they that are Atheists believe not the Bible then let them learn how to confute or confirm these observations following Canst thou behold any building or artificial work so rare But presently conclude that the band of an Artificer was there Canst thou see the Earth so great the Firmament so wide The Ocean Seas how they ebb and flow by time and tide But presently in thy faithless heart confess and say That this great work was undone on one day Till one by Wisdom Glory Power and Strength Formed the Heavens and the Earth at the length And by his Wisdom and Love created each living creature He is the true God or the principal of Nature And so canst thou change the nature of the Cornation-seed Into a hurtfull stinking Hemlock weed Then herein Gods Laws thou maist plainly see That his work must be acknowledg'd in each Herb Flower and Tree Thus God that was and is by his Creation we him know And man that was his
work him still doth show Secondly They say that all things come by the course of Nature True But by whom had Nature its beginning I answered you that before yet to know this better look on the greatest Oak-tree and on the Acorn such as the Acorn is so was once the Oak and how an Acorn did contract the substance of the earth into its nature to bring it into so great a growth man knoweth not but man knows it is so so by the beginning of the nature of one plant and the perfection thereof I easily conceive the whole universal world had a beginning by a higher principle than man which is God Thirdly They cannot be convinc'd what keepeth Nature still awork To understand this consider when once the simple Atheists eyes first saw the witty inventions of man in making of Clocks and Engines thou couldst not tell the cause of their going till thou wast shewed the weights that went in a privy place by opening of the door unto thee then thou diddest understand the cause so it would be with thee if the God of wisdom would draw the Curtains of the skies then the door would be opened where thou maist plainly see Gods weight of eternal glory which setteth the whole course of Nature awork Thus wise men discern one thing by another then thou dull spirited man humble thy self for thy lack of wisdom and reason and for thy too much ignorance and lay thy mouth in the very dust And this bringeth me to my last reason viz. The Propagation of the Seed-Royal I know all sensible and unsensible creatures doth increase by that seed which is in it self Now the Seed-Royal is mans seed only by reason of that union which is in election to be partaker of with the Godhead But first understand there is a natural body and there is a spiritual body which maketh but one man they being united together for the spiritual body must dwell in the natural body then it is fit the Spirit should rule Nature its dwelling place But on the contrary the natural body keepeth the spiritual a prisoner in one corner of the house for fear he should bring him to the study and obedience of heavenly principles then he should be took off the caring and coveting for the corrupt things of this life then Satans kingdom would be destroyed There is also a natural seed and a spiritual the seed of the body is that which Nature breedeth in the secret members and it is propagated by the sowing of it in the secret womb of its mother the flesh and when it entereth into the troublesom world it is nursed up with the fruits of its mother Nature Now the seed of the Spirit is that which is given a man to improve in the mind and it is bred in the soul and understanding and it is propagated by the sowing of it in the treasure of the heart and nursed up with the fruits of its Mother the Church then a man must fence it with faith plant it with reason dressing of it with diligence watering of it with grace watching of it with patience sheltering of it with care weeding of it with the sword of the Spirit protecting of it with prayer looking for the increase thereof with a lively hope this done the seed of the Spirit will grow up and bring forth fruit to perfection then he might gather it with the hand of truth dispose of it with the eye of charity set forth the goodnesse of it with the tongue of praise this mans person is cloathed with righteousness and adorned with holiness his heart is full of wisdom his lips utter knowledge his ears encline to understanding his desires and his deserts are the fullness of love his feet walketh in the way of peace and at his end he shall be translated into the Heaven of Heavens before the blessed and beatifical sight of the glorious Trinity and there receive an immortal Crown with power to rule in unity and love and to rest with Saints and Angels in joy and glory to all eternity FINIS THE ALPHABETICAL TABLE Of all the Plants in the foregoing Treatise being the Garden of Pleasure FLOWERS A AMorantus p. 7 Anstartium indecom 8 Angulshenelus 9 African 32 B BAchelors-Buttons 10 Bee-flower ib. Balm of Christ 11 Bears-ears 12 Bell flowers ib. C CAterpillars 46 Crows-foot 13 Crokus 14 Cranes-Bill 15 Cullenbines 16 Crown-Imperial ib. Corn-flag 18 Cornation-Gilliflowers 19 to 27 Clove Gilliflowers 27 Couslips 28 D DAyses ib. Daffodillies 29 Dragons-claws 30 E EMrose 31 Everlasting-pea 33 Everlasting life 34 F FLower-deluce 34 35 36 Flower of the Sun 37 French-marigold ib French-pinks 38 Foxes-glove 39 G GLobe-flower 40 Green Couslips ib. H HOlly-hock 41 Hearbit 42 Humble-plant 43 Hearts-ease 44 I JErusalem-Couslips 45 Indian-wheat ib. L LIllies 46 47 Larks-heel 48 London-pride 49 Lupins ib. Ladies-thistle 50 Love in idle ib. Ladies-liveries 51 Ladies-smocks ib. M MArmadel deparve 52 Muscabions 53 Monks-hood 54 Marle-flower ib. N NUrssusus 55 O OXslips ib. Oak of Paris ib. P PIonies 56 Primrose-tree ib. Princes-feathers 57 Poppies 58 Pinks 59 Purple-primrose 60 Pawmers ib. Q QUeens-gilliflower 61 R ROse-campions ib. Rose-rubee 62 Rocket-flower ib. S STock-gilliflowers 63 64 Snap-dragons 65 Sweet-Williams 66 Scarlet-beans ib. Snails 67 Snow-drops ib. Start up and kiss me 68 Sensitive plant 73 T TVlips 68 to 72 Thrift 73 Turkey-caps ib. V VIolets 74 W WAll-gilliflowers ib. The Table of the Trees A APricock 75 Almonds ib. B BAy-tree 76 Box ib. C CIprus ib. Creeping-vine 79 F FIg-tree 77 Figs of India ib. Filleroy 78 G GEsamits ib. H HOliander 79 Horn-fig-tree ib. L LAurel 80 Lowary ib. Lowrex ib. Lorestinus 81 Lignae vitae ib. M MIrtil-trees 82 O ORangr-trees ib. P POmgraenate-tree 83 Peach-trees ib. Perriwinkle ib. S SWeet-bryar 84 T TAmarus ib. The Gillierose ib. The Province-rose 85 The Cinamon-rose ib. V VInes 86 87 An Alphabetical TABLE of all the Plants in the foregoing Treatise being the Physical and Fruitfull Garden HERBS A ANgelica 88 Alieompane 89 Alexander ib. Annis 90 All-hail ib. B BAres-britch ib. Balm 91 Basyl ib. Blessed-thistle ib Bares-foot 92 Buglos ib. Burridge 93 Blood-wort ib. Burnat ib. Betony 94 C CAmomil ib. Comfrey ib. Cives 95 Cammel-beg ib. Chervil ib. Carrawayes 96 Clary ib. Ceursemary ib. Cummin 97 Coriander ib. Celandine ib. D DRagons 98 Dill ib. E EVat ib. F FEtherfew 99 Fennel ib. French-honey-suckles ib. French-mallows 100 G GRomwell ib. Gladin 101 Gooses-tongue ib. Garmander ib. Garlick 102 H HOrse-redish ib. Herb-grasse ib. Horehound 103 Hyssop ib. Housleek 104 I JErusalem-sage ib. K KIngs-mallows 105 Kapons-tails ib. L LOvage 106 Liquorish ib. Lavender-Cotton 107 Lavender-spike 108 Lavender-slip ib. Lemon-time ib. M MAllows 109 March ib. Madrath 110 Marygolds 111 Mother-wort ib. N NIp 112 O ORpin ib. P PEpper-wort ib. Pot-margerum 113 Prick-madam ib. Purple-grasse 114 Penny-royal 115 Poppey ib. R ROsemary ib. Roman-sage 116 Rubarb 117 S SParemint 118 Saffron 119 Sage 120 Summer savoury ib. Setterwort ib. Stone-crop 121 Shalot ib. Sweet Maudlin 122 Scurvy-grass ib. Sweet fern ib. Sweet-covey 123 Sweet Margerum ib. Sweet Oak 124 T TAragon ib. Time ib. Tansie 125 V VAlaren 125 W WOrmwood 126 Winter-savoury ib. The Table of Trees B BArberry 127 C CVrrants ib. G GOosberries 128 M MVlberries ib. Q QUinces 129 R RAsberries ib. Roses 130 S SAvin-tree 131 Strawberry-tree 132 The Alphabetical Table of all the Herbs Roots and Pulse contained in the Kitchin Garden A ARtichoaks 134 B BEets 135 C COwcumbers 136 Colliflowers 137 Cabidges 138 Carrors ib. Corn-sallet 139 E ENglish Beans 140 F FRench Beans ib. G GOards 139 I INdian suceory ib. Jerusalem Artichoaks ib. K KIdney Beans 141 L LEttice 141 Leeks 142 M MIllions ib. 143 144 O ONions 146 P PVrslin ib. Parsley 147 Parsnips ib. Peas of all sorts 148 Potatoes ib. Pumpkins 149 R RAdish ib. S SParrow-grasse 134 Spinage ib. Skarots 150 Sorrel ib. Small Suckory ib. T TVrnips ib. Tongue-grasse 151 FINIS A cunning invention Descrip Ordering Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Of Kinds Names Sowing Season Of slips Colour Grafting Of Sent. Divers wayes for the preservation of Gilli flowers Various things Continuanee Nature The last experiment Propagating Seasons of great force The worthiness of them Reasons why Ordering Descrip Planting Of sorts Sowing Another season 2. Of planing Of place Experiments 2. 3. 〈…〉 names Descrip Sowing 2. Descrip Setting Planting The Dignity Seed Of flowering at certain Seasons Of planting The time The place How Alterations Experiments 2. Descrip Of raising Time Descrip Descrip Divers kinds Sowing 2. 3. Of the name Descrip Care in propagation 1. 2. Preservation The nature Descrip Planting Preservation Another sort of Wall flowers Descrip Descrip Descrip Raising Reasons Planting A question Answer Of alteration Other sorts Observations Industry Nature Sowing Descrip Ordering The names and kinds Of planting Observations Descrip Descrip Sowing Descrip Descrip Planting Various descriptions Descrip Sowing 2. Raising Descrip Descrip Planting Of planting Of Kinds Sowing Transplanting Experiments Kinds Preparetions 2. Easie way Of slips Planting Descrip Ordering Descrip Nature Ordering Descrip Of raising Double sorts Of nature The art of doubling Natures fancy Descrip Propagation The increase Profit Descrit Descrip Of names Colour Suckers Colour altered Disputes of Nature Grafting Of Seed Removing Ofsent Crossing of Nature Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip Descrip