morteys in the ploughe beame sette fast with wedges to dryue vppe and downe and it is a staye to order of what depenes the ploughe shall go The ploughe eare is made of thre peces of yren nayled faste vnto the ryght syde of the plough beame And poore men haue a croked pece of wode pynned faste to the ploughbeame The share is a pece of yren sharpe before and brode behynde a fote longe made with a socket to be set on the ferther ende of the share beame The culture is a bende pece of yren sette in a morteys in the myddes of the plough beame fastened with wedges on euery syde and the backe therof is halfe an inche thycke and more and three inches brode and made kene before to cutte the erthe clene and it must be wel steeled and that shall cause the easyer draughte and the yrens to laste moche lenger The blough mal is a pece of harde woode with a pynne put throughe set in the plough beame in an augurs bore ¶ The temprynge of plowes NOwe the plowes be made of dyuers maners it is necessarye for an housbande to knowe howe these plowes shulde be tempered to plowe and turne clene and to make no reste balkes A reste balke is where the plough byteth at the poynte of the culture and share and cutteth not the ground cleane to the forowe that was plowed laste before but leaueth a lyttell rydge standynge betwene the whiche dothe brede thistyls and other wedes All these maner of plowes shulde haue all lyke one maner of temperyng in the yrens Howe be it a man maye temper for one thynge in two or thre places as for depnes The fote is one the setting of the culture of a depnes is a nother and the thyrde is at the ploughe tayle where be two wedges that be called slote wedges the one is in the slote aboue the beame the other in the saide slote vnder the plough beame and other whyle he wyll set bothe aboue or bothe vndernethe but alway let hym take good hede and kepe one generall rule that the hynder ende of the sharebeme alway touche the erth that it may kyll a worde or elles it goth not truly The temperynge to go brode and narowe is in the settyng of the culture and with the dryuinge of his syde wedges forewedge and helewedge whiche wolde be made of drye woode and also the settynge on of his share helpeth well and is a connynge poynte of husbandry and mendeth and payreth moch plowyng but it is so narowe a point to know that it is harde to make a man to vnderstande it by wrytynge without he were at the operation therof to teache the practyue for it muste leane moche in to the forowe and the poynt may not stande to moch vp nor downe nor to moche in to the lande nor into the forowe Howe be it the settynge of the culture helpeth moche Somme plowes haue a bende of yron tryanglewise sette there as the plough eare shulde be that hath thre nyckes on the farther syde And yf he wyll haue his plough to go a narowe forowe as a sede forowe shulde be than he setteth his fote teame in the nycke nexte to the ploughe beame and yf he wyll go a meane bredth he setteth it in the myddell nycke that is best for sturrynge and if he wolde go a brode forowe he setteth it in the vttermoste nycke that is beste for falowynge The whyche is a good waye to kepe the bredthe and soone tempered but it serueth not the depenesse And some men haue in stede of the plough fote a piece of yron set vpryghte in the farther ende of the ploughe beame and they calle it a coke made with ii or thre nyckes and that serueth for depenes The plowes that goo with wheles haue a streyghte beame and maye be tempred in the yron as the other be for the bredth but their most speciall temper is at the bolster where as the plough beame lyeth and that serueth both for depnes and for bredth And they be good on euen grounde that lyeth lyghte but me semeth they be farre more costly than the other plowes And thoughe these plowes be well tempred for one maner of grounde that tempre wyll not serue in an other maner of grounde but it muste reste in the dyscretion of the housbande to knowe whanne it gothe well ¶ The necessary thynges that belonge to a ploughe carte and wayne BVt or he begyn to plowe he muste haue his ploughe and his ploughe yren his oxen or horses and the geare that belongeth to them that is to say bowes yokes landes stylkynges wrethynge temes And or he shall lode his corne he muste haue a wayne a copyoke a payre of sleues awayne rope and a pykforke This wayne is made of dyuers peces that wyll haue a greate reparation that is to saye the wheles and those be made of nathes spokes fellyes and dowles and they muste be well fettred with wood or yren And if they be yren bounden they are moche the better and thoughe they be the derer at the fyrst yet at lengthe they be better cheape for a payre of wheles yren bounde wyl weare vii or viii payre of other wheles and they go rounde and lyght after oxen or horses to draw Howbeit on marreis ground and soft grouud the other wheles be better bycause they be broder on the soule and will not go so depe They must haue an axiltre clout with viii waincloutes of yren ii lyn pinnes of yren in the axiltre endes ii axil pynnes of yren or els of tough harde wodde The bodye of the wayne of oke the staues the nether rathes the ouer rathes the crosse somer the keys and pikstaues And if he go with a hors ploughe than muste he haue his horses or mares or both his hombers or collers holmes whyted tresses swyngletrees and togwith Alsoo a carte made of asshe bycause it is lyghte and lyke stuffe to it as is to a wayne and also a cart sadel bakbandes and belybandes and a carte ladder behinde whan he shall carye eyther corne or kyddes or suche other And in many countreys theyr waynes haue carte ladders bothe behynde and before Also an husbande muste haue an axe a hachet a hedgyngebyll a pyn awgur a rest awgur a flayle a spade and a shouell And howe be it that I gyue theym these names as is most comonly vsed in my contrey I knowe they haue other names in other countreyes But hereby a manne maye perceyue many thynges that belonge to husbandry to theyr greate costes and charges for the mayntenance and vpholdyng of the same And many moo thynges are belongynge to husbandes than these as ye shall well perceyue er I haue made an ende of this treatyse And if a yonge husbande shulde bye all these thynges it wolde be costely for hym wherfore it is necessarye for hym to lerne to make his yokes oxe bowes stooles and all maner of plough geare ¶
catel fol. lii ¶ To get settes and set them fol. liii ¶ To make a dyche fol. liiii ¶ To make a hedge fol. eod ¶ To plasshe and pleche a hedge fol. eod ¶ To mende a hye waye fo lv ¶ To remoue and sette trees fo lvi ¶ Trees to be sette withoute rootes and growe fol. lvii ¶ To fell woode for houssholde or to sell fol. eodem To shrede lop or crop trees fol. lviiii Howe a man shoulde shrede loppe or croppe trees fol. eod To sell woode or tymbre fol. lix To kepe sprynge woode fo lx Necessary thynges belongynge to graffynge fol. eod What fruyte shulde be first graffed fol. lxi Howe to graffe fol. eod To graffe bytwene the barke and the tree fol. lxii To nourysshe all maner of stone fruyte and nuttes fol. lxiii A shorte information for a yonge gentyll man that entendeth to thryue fol. eod A lesson made in Englysshe verses that a gentylmans seruaunte shall forget none of his gere in his inne behynde hym fo lxv A prologe for the wyues occupation fo eod A lesson for the wyfe fol. eod What thynges the wyfe of ryghte is bounde to do fol. lxvi What warkes the wyfe oughte to doo generally fo eod To kepe measure in spendynge fo lxvii To eate within thy tedure fo lxviii A shorte lesson vnto the husbande fol lxix Howe menne of hye degree do kepe measure fol. eodem Prodygalytie in outragyous and costelye araye fol. lxx Of delycyous meates and drynkes fol. eod Of outragious playe and game fo lxxi A prologue of the thyrde sayinge of the philosopher fo lxxii A dyuersytie bytwene predycation and doctryne fol. eodem What is rychesse fo lxxiii What is the propertie of a rych man fo lxxiiii What ioyes pleasures are in heuen fo lxxv What thynge pleaseth god most fol. lxxvi What be goddes commaundementes fo eod Howe a man shulde loue god and please hym fol. eodem Howe a man shoulde loue his neyghbour fol. lxxvii Of prayer that pleaseth god verye moche folio lxxviii What thynge letteth prayer fol. eod Howe a man shulde praye fo lxxix A mean to put away ydle thoughtes in prayenge fol. lxxx A meane to auoyde temptation fol. lxxxi Almes dedes pleaseth god moche fo lxxxii The fyrst maner of almes dede fo lxxxiii The. ii maner of almes dede fo lxxxiiii The. iii. maner of almes dede fol lxxxv What is the greattest offence that a man maye doo and offende god in fo lxxxvi Thus endeth the table HVSBANDRY ¶ Here begynneth the boke of husbandry and fyrste where by husbande men do lyue THe mooste generall lyuynge that husbandes can haue is by plowynge and sowyng of theyr cornes and rerynge or bredynge of theyr cattel and not the one withoute the other Than is the ploughe the moste necessaryest instrumente that an husbande can occupy wherfore it is conuenyent to be knowen howe a plough shulde be made ¶ Dyuers maners of plowes THere be plowes of dyuers makynges in dyuers countreys and in lyke wyse there be plowes of yren of dyuers facyons And that is bycause there be many maner of groundes and soyles Some whyte cley some redde cley some grauell or chylturne some sande some meane erthe some medled with marle and in many places heeth grounde and one ploughe wyll not serue in all places wherfore it is necessarye to haue dyuers maners of plowes In Sommersetshyre about Zelcester the sharbeame that in many places is called the ploughe hedde is foure or fyue foote longe and it is brode and thynne And that is bycause the lande is very toughe and wolde soke the ploughe into the erthe yf the sharbeame were not long brode and thynne In Kente they haue other maner of plowes somme goo with wheles as they doo in many other places and some wyll tourne the sheldbredth at euery landes ende and plowe all one waye In Buckyngham shyre are plowes made of an nother maner and also other maner of ploughe yrons the whyche me semeth generally good and lykely to serue in many places and specially if the ploughbeame and sharbeame be foure ynches longer betwene the shethe and the ploughe tayle that the sheldbrede myght come more a slope for those plowes gyue out to sodeinly and therfore they be the worse to drawe and for noo cause elles In Leycestershyre Lankesshyre Yorkeshyre Lyncoln̄ Norfolke Cambrydge shyre and manye other countreyes the plowes be of dyuers makinges the whyche were to longe processe to declare howe c. But how so euer they be made yf they be well tempered and goo well they maye be the better suffred ¶ To knowe the names of all the partes of the plowe MEn that be no husbandes maye fortune to rede this boke that knowe not whiche is the ploughe beame the sharebeame the ploughe shethe the ploughe tayle the stilte the rest the sheldbrede the fen brede the roughe staues the ploughe fote the plough eare or coke the share the culture and ploughe mal Perauenture I gyue them these names here as is vsed in my countre and yet in other countreyes they haue other names wherfore ye shall knowe that the ploughe beame is the longe tree aboue the whiche is a lytel bente The sharbeame is the tre vnder neth where vpon the share is set the ploughe sheth is a thyn pece of drye woode made of oke that is set fast in a morteys in the plough beame and also in to the sharebeame the whiche is the keye and the chiefe bande of all the plough The plough tayle is that the husbande holdeth in his hande and the hynder ende of the ploughebeame is put in a longe slyt made in the same tayle and not set faste but it maye ryse vp and go dowe and is pynned behynde and the same ploughe tayle is set faste in a morteys in the hynder ende of the sharebeame The plough stylte is on the ryghte syde of the ploughe whervpon the rest is set the rest is a lyttell pece of woode pynned fast vpon the nether ende of the stylt and to the sharebeame in the ferther ende The sheldbrede is a brode pece of wodde fast pinned to the ryghte side of the shethe in the ferther ende and to the vtter syde of the stylte in the hynder ende The fenbreds is a thyn borde pynned or nayled moste commonly to the lyft syde of the shethe in the ferther ende and to the ploughe tayle in the hynder ende And the sayde sheldbrede wolde come ouer the sayde shethe and fenbrede an inche and to come past the myddes of the share made with a sharpe edge to receyue and turne the erthe whan the culture hath cut it There be two roughe staues in euery ploughe in the hynder ende set a slope betwene the ploughe tayle and the stilt to holde out and kepe the plough abrode in the hynder ende and the one lenger than the other The plough fote is a lyttell pece of wodde with a croked ende set before in a
the flyes It is necessarye that a shepeherde haue a borde set fast to the syde of his lyttell folde to laye his shepe vpon whan he handeleth theym and an hole bored in the borde with an augur and therin a grayned staffe of two fote longe to be set fast to hang his terre boxe vpon and than it shall not fall And a shepeherde shoulde not go without his dogge his shepe hoke a payre of sheres and his terre boxe eyther with hym or redye at his shepe folde and he muste teche his dogge to barke whan he wolde haue hym to ronne whan he wold haue hym and to leue ronning whan he wolde haue hym or els he is not a cunninge shepeherd The dogge must lerne it whan he is a whelpe or els it wyl not be for it is harde to make an olde dogge to stoupe ¶ To grease shepe IF any sheepe be scabbed the shepeherde maye perceyue it by the bytynge rubbyng or scratchynge with his horne and mooste commonly the woll wyll ryse and be thyn or bare in that place than take â—hym and shede the woll with thy fyngers there as the scab is and with thy fynger laye a lyttell terre thervpon and stroke it a lengthe in the bottom of the woll that it be not seen aboue And soo shede the woll by and by and laye a lyttell terre thervppon tyll thou passe the sore and than it wyll go no farther ¶ To medle terre LEt thy terre be medled with oyle gose grease or capons grease these three be the beste for these wyll make the terre to ronne abrode butter and swynes grease whan they be molten are good soo they be not salte for terre of hym selfe is to kene and is a fretter and no healer without it be medled with some of these ¶ To make brome salue ¶ A medicyne to salue poore mennes shepe that thynke terre to costely but I doubte not but and ryche men knowe it they wolde vse the same TAke a shete ful of brome croppes leaues blossomes and all and chop them very smal and than sethe them in a pan of xx gallons with rennynge water tyll it begyn to waxe thycke lyke a gelly than take two pounde of shepe suet molten and a pottell of olde pysse and as moche bryne made with salte and put all in to the sayde panne and styrre it aboute and than streyne it thorowe an olde clothe and putte it in to what vessell ye wyll and yf your shepe be newe clypped make it luke warme and than washe your shepe there with with a sponge or a pece of an olde mantell or of faldynge or suche a softe cloth or woll for spendynge to moche of your salue And at all tymes of the yere after ye may relent it and nede require and make wyde sheydes in the woll of the shepe and anoynt them with it it shal heale the scabbe and kyll the shepe lyce and it shall not hurte the woll in the sale therof And those that be wasshen wyll not take scabbe after if they haue sufficient meate for that is the beste grease that is to a shepe to grease hym in the mouthe with good meate the whiche is also a greate sauegarde to the shepe for rottynge excepte there come myldewes for he wyll chose the beste if he haue plentye And he that hath but a fewe shepe moderate this medicyne accordynge ¶ If a shepe haue mathes IF a shepe haue mathes ye shall perceyue it by her bytynge or fyskynge or shakyng of her tayle and mooste commonlye it is moyst and wete and if it be nyghe vnto the tayle it is ofte tymes grene and fyled with his dounge and than the shepeherde muste take a payre of sheres and clyppe awaye the woll bare to the skynne and take a handfull of drye moldes and cast the moldes thervpon to drye vp the wete and than wype the muldes away and laye terre there as the mathes were and a lyttell farther And thus loke theym euery daye and mende theym if they haue nede ¶ Blyndenes of shepe and other dyseases and remedies therfore THere be some shepe that wyll be blynd a season and yet mende agayn And if thou put a lytel terre in his eye he will mende the rather There be dyuers waters other medicyns that wolde mende hym but this is mooste common medicyne that shepeherdes vse ¶ The worme in the shepes fote and helpe therfore THere be some shepe that hath a worme in his foote that maketh hym halte Take that shepe and loke betwene his clese and there is a lyttell hole as moche as a greatte pynnes heed and therin groweth fyue or syxe blacke heares lyke an inche long and more take a sharpe poynted knyfe and slytte the skynne a quarter of an inche long aboue the hole and as moche benethe and put thy one hande in the holowe of the fote vnder the hynder clese and set thy thombe aboue almooste at the slytte and thruste thy fyngers vnderneth forward and with thy other hand take the blacke heares by the ende or with thy knyues poynte and pull the heares a lyttell and a lyttell and thruste after thy other hande with thy fynger and thy thombe and there wyll come oute a worme lyke a pece of fleshe nygh as moche as a lyttel fynger And whan it is out put a lyttel tarre into the hole and it wyll be shortely hole ¶ The blode and remedy if one come betyme THere is a sicknes amoÌ„g shepe and is called the bloude that shepe that hath that wil dye sodeinly and er he dye he wil stande still and hange downe the heed other while quake If the shepeherde can espye hym let him take and rubbe hym about the heed specyally adout his eares and vnder his eyen with a knyfe cut of his eares in the middes also let hym blode in a veyne vnder his eien and if he blede wel he is lyke to lyue if he blede not than kil him and saue his fleshe for if he dye by hym selfe the flesshe is loste and the skyn wyll be ferre ruddyer lyke blode more than an other skynne shall be And it taketh mooste commonly the fattest and best lykynge ¶ The pockes and remedy therfore THe pockes appere vppon the skyn and are lyke reed pymples as brode as a farthynge and therof wyll dye many And the remedy therfore is to handle all thy shepe and to loke on euery parte of theyr bodyes and as many as ye fynde taken therwith put them in freshe newe grasse and kepe them fro theyr felowes and to loke thy flocke ofte and drawe theym as they nede And if it be in sommer tyme that there be no froste than washe them Howe be it some shepeherdes haue other medycines ¶ The wode euyll and remedy therfore THere is a sickenes among shepe and is called the wode euyll and that cometh in the sprynge of the yere and takethe them moste