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end_n	flower_n	small_a	yellow_a	1,336	5	9.3981	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

Masters forcing their Scholars to Fast and Watch carry great Burthens of Provisions to the Army and be in the midst of Engagements Others whose Fancy led them to a holy Life willingly embrac'd the Services of the Temple Their manner of Dancing Their manner of Dancing in New Spain was very strange and differing they us'd pretty Instruments and Songs which contain'd antique Passages according to the Times they in their Motions imitated Shepherds Fisher-men Plowmen Hunters and the like Sometimes they Danc'd in Mascarades with a Man on their Shoulders making the same Motion with his Hands in the Air as the other with his Feet on the Ground They had also Tumblers and Dancers on the Ropes which shew'd strange Tricks on an erected Pole But above all Dances the Mitotes was the chief which was generally Danc'd in the King's Palace or inner Court of the Temple in the middle of which they plac'd a great Drum and a hollow Tub on a large Image round about which the most eminent Persons made a Ring Sang sweetly and Danc'd leisurely when on a sudden two that are more nimble with divers Motions came into the midst of them and Danc'd exactly after the sound of the Drum and hollow Tub which was seconded with the noise of Flutes and Pipes CHAP. VI. New Gallicia Bounds and Extent of New Gallicia NEw Gallicia by some call'd Guadalajara from the chief City This whole Province is the most Northern Countrey of all America that is inhabited to any purpose by the Spaniards Here 't is true they are scatter'd up and down in all the parts of it but it is at a huge distance and for the most part onely where the Mines are It is bounded on the East and to the South with the Kingdom of Mexico or New Spain on the West with the Gulf or Bay of California Northward for so much as is yet discover'd with Quivira and Cibola lying between eighteen and twenty eight Degrees of Northern Latitude that is from La Natividad a Port so nam'd by the Spaniards in the Confines of New Spain to the most Northerly Borders of Cinoloa a part of this Province containing as is suppos'd not much less than three hundred Leagues in length and in breadth much more and whereof not a tenth part is either us'd or frequented by the Spaniards Temperature and Nature of the Countrey The Air is generally here very temperate inclining rather to Heat than Cold and subject now and then to sudden Storms of Rain and great Claps of Thunder which yet do not hinder but that the Countrey is held to be reasonably healthful and the People observ'd to live generally to a good old Age. The Soil by reason of the Climate would be a little inclining to Drought but that besides the frequent Rains which it hath it is constantly moistned with fresh Morning Dews which make it for the most part wonderfully fruitful almost beyond belief yielding for every Pushel of Wheat that is sown threescore and of Maiz two hundred for one besides great plenty of Sugar-Canes and Cochinele both which nevertheless the Spaniards are said to neglect in some sort employing themselves wholly about richer Commodities for the Countrey affords them good store of Mines of Silver and Brass but of Gold or Iron not many as yet have been found The Rivers abound plentifully with Fish and the Woods with Wenison and some other wild Beasts The Countrey is generally more mountainous than plain frequently shaded with Woods and whole Forrests of the stateliest Pine-Trees and Oaks that are to be seen amongst which breed abundance of Wolves which do great mischief to the People as also Scorpions and Mustiecho's The Hurts receiv'd from Scorpions are heal'd with the Juice of the Fruit call'd Queon those from the Mustiecho's by Vinegar and the Juice of Lemmon Here is likewise a green Stone accounted a soveraign Medicine against the Gravel Several sorts of Tunas-Trees The Trees peculiar to this Countrey are the tunas already spoken of in Guatimala and thought to be the same we vulgarly call Indian Fig-Trees and are distinguish'd into six sorts The first by the Portuguese call'd Cardon hath sharp Prickles thick Leaves full of slimy Juice an odoriferous Flower oval Fruit cover'd with an Orange-colour'd Rind and small Roots The Fruit within consists of a white juicy and well tasted Pulp full of black Seed The second hath a round Body full of Boughs with Star-like Prickles hanging downwards the Flower white and the Fruit very like that of the Cardon onely smaller The third is the Caxabra which shoots up to a great Tree full of prickly Cods at the utmost end grows a large white Flower the Fruit which is as big again as an Egg is pleasant and cooling The fourth sort hath a straight Body full of Prickles runs lesser and lesser to the top at the end of the small Boughs each thick Leaf produces another the Wood if kindled burns like a Candle The fifth nam'd Cumbeba grows out of small Roots with three or four corner'd thick Leaves full of Prickles the Flower somewhat less than the former the Fruit oval hard and red having a white and juicy Pulp The Prickles of this Cumbeba-Tree are so sharp and stick in so deep that they can scarce be pull'd out This is that sort of Tunas that produces Cochinele which is a Worm that grows under the Leaves and is cover'd with a Skin which being neatly taken off and dry'd in the Sun as formerly mention'd becomes a rich Commodity Joseph de Acosta tells us that the Spanish Fleet Anno 1578. carried so much Cochinele to Spain as amounted to two hundred eighty three thousand seven hundred and fifty Ryals But the last sort of the Tunas is the Unirumbeba which hath a straight Body full of Prickles on the top whereof grow divers prickly Leaves not unlike those of the Palm-Tree It is onely found in barren places remote from the Sea Moreover all kind of Fruits transplanted hither from Spain thrive very well as Apples Pears Granats Figs Peaches Apricocks Muskmelons c. The Root Castanuela The Root Castanuela affords a much better Feeding for Swine than Acorns But amongst many other Roots which are found here as the Xiquimas Yaca Cochuco Cari Totora and Mani The Batata the chief is the Batata which is fat sweet and windy it runs over the Ground with a tough green Sprig the new Fibres taking Root dispersedly up and down being yellow without and within full of milky Juice the Leaf resembling a Heart is of a pale yellow colour on the top and donuy underneath roasted in Ashes it eats better than a Turnip It is divided into three sorts The first call'd Omenapo-yeima when boyl'd shews like red Betel but Dyes of a Skye-colour the innermost Skin which is of a dark Red yields an Ink-like Juice The second sort call'd Parro differs little from the first onely the Body Root and Veins of the

Spice call'd Piemete being in the form of East-India Pepper of a very aromatical and curious taste partaking as it were of divers species together it grows wild in the Mountains and is very highly valu'd amongst the Spaniards Of Drugs and medicinal Plants there is here a very great abundance as Guaiacum China-Root Cassia-Fistula Veuillard Achiotes Tamarinds Contrayerva Ciperas Adiantum Nigrum Aloes Cucumis Agrestis Sumach Acacia Misselto with several others both Drugs Balsoms and Gums Cochinele is produc'd by a Plant that grows in this Countrey but it is not made without much care and curiosity and the English are not yet well experienc'd in the Husbanding thereof besides that the Growth of the Plant is much obstructed by Easterly Winds There is here greater store of Cattel than in any of the rest of the English Plantations in America Beasts as Horses which by reason of the great number of them are bought very cheap Cow's of a large size and of which vast numbers are yearly kill'd Asinego 's and Mules both wild and tame being a very serviceable sort of Cattel in those Countreys Sheep large and tall and whose Flesh is counted exceeding good but the Fleece worth little Goats in great abundance being a sort of Cattel very peculiar to that Countrey But of all other Cattel Hogs are here in the greatest plenty both wild in the Mountains and tame in the Plantations and they are more in request for Food than any of the rest their Flesh being counted both of a better rellish and more easily digestible than the Hogs-flesh of our Parts The Fish that is very plentifully caught in these Coasts is of infinite variety Fish and quite of another kind from what we have in this part of the World the principal whereof is the Tortoise which is taken in great abundance both on these Coasts and in the Islands Camavas The tame Fowl in this Place are chiefly Hens Turkies and Ducks Birds but of wild Fowl infinite store as of Guinee Hens Flamingo's Teal Ducks Wigeon Geese Pigeons Snipes Plovers Parrots Turtles Parachites Machaw's with divers others Fruit-Trees and other Plants Choice and excellent sorts of Fruits are here in great abundance as Cocao-Nuts Mannes Maumees Supatas Suppotillias Avocatas Cashuds Prickle-Apples Prickle-Pears Sower-Sops Custud-Apples and many others For Timber-Trees Platanes and Pines And for Garden-Herbs Radish Lettice Parsley Cucumbers Melons c. The antient Inhabitants us'd two sorts of Bread the one made of stamp'd Roots and the other of Corn which is Reap'd thrice every year and grows with such success that one Pint sow'n yields two hundred They had a strange way to make their Cazari Cakes of the Root Juca which keep good a year They first press'd out the Juice with great Weights which if drunk raw occasions sudden Death but boyl'd is pallatable and good Potato's are here in great abundance and grow like Artichokes in a moist Soil and shoot forth Leaves of a dark-green Colour like Spinage they spread upon the Earth by Stalks and bear a Flower like a Bell at the end of which grows the Seed the Roots are generally White but sometimes Red Marble-colour'd Yellow and Violet they are not onely pleasing to the Pallat but accounted very wholsom when stew'd in a close cover'd Pot with a little Water But much daintier are the Ananas which grow on a Stalk of a Foot long surrounded with sixteen large sharp Leaves between which grows a Fruit like a Pine-Apple but much bigger with an uneven Rind of a pale Green and inclining to a Carnation on a yellow Ground on the top shoots out a red Bunch of Leaves and Flowers the innermost Pulp melts on the Tongue and is of so delicious a taste that it exceeds all other Dainties the Seed produces Fruit once Of this Fruit there are several sorts the chief whereof is accounted a special Remedy against a bad Stomach Gravel Poyson and Melancholy The Drink made of Ananas is no way inferior to Malvasia Wine A sort of sensitive Plant. Here you may observe a remarkable Secret of Nature in a certain ever-green Plant which grows either on the Bodies of old Trees on the Rocks or in the Woods the Stalk whereof surrounded with Leaves full of dark red Spots bears a sweet-smelling Violet-colour'd Flower the Leaves whereof as soon as touch'd close up together and die and according as they are held in the Hand a shorter or longer time this strange alteration continues Since the Spaniards planted Ginger on Jamaica Ginger it hath grown there in great abundance the Male Plant for it is divided into Male and Female hath generally bigger Leaves than the Female the Stalks which are without Knots have more Leaves upwards than downwards and spreads along the Earth still take Root anew when the Leaves wither then the Ginger is commonly ripe but it hath not that poinancy whilest green as when dry'd The Cotton of this Island of which the Clothes and Hammocks that are made Cotton are vended in most parts of the Western World grows on a Tree of equal heighth with a Peach-Tree with a straight Stem or Body out of which shoot Boughs of an equal length and at equal distance between the Leaves which are narrow and long grow red Flowers and from them oval Gods which when ripe inclose the Cotton and a Seed like Pepper Description of the Alligator Of hurtful Creatures here besides the Manchonele and a sort of Snakes call'd Guaana's wherein 't is thought there is little or nothing of a poysonous quality the most observable is the Alligator with which many Rivers and Ponds abound it is a very voracious Creature but is seldom known to prey upon a Man it moves swiftly and strongly forward but turns slow the biggest of them are about twenty Foot long their Backs scaly and impenetrable so that they are hardly kill'd but in the Belly or Eye they have four Feet or Fins with which they go or swim indifferently are observ'd to make no kind of noise their usual course for getting their Prey is to lie on their Backs as dead then with a sudden onset to surprize what-ever Fowl or Beast comes fearlesly near them the best caution other Creatures have of them is from the strong smell that flows from their Bodies to requite the harm done by them they have something of vertue for the Fat or Oyl of their Bodies hath been experienc'd to be an admirable Ointment for all kinds of Pains and Aches they Lay Eggs no bigger than a Turkies by the Water side still covering them with Sand which heated by the Sun-beams hatcheth the young ones who naturally creep into the Water Muschilli and Merrywings In some parts of the Countrey there are also a sort of stinging Flies call'd Muschilli and Merrywings but the English Quarters are little infested by them Hugh Linschot writes That the antient Natives of this Place were a subtile and sharp-witted People skilful

now make their Apparel of the same and upon the account of Barter drive a great Trade in it They Dye their Cotton with the boyl'd Roots and Leaves of a little Tree Eastward beyond Santa Cruiz lies the Countrey Paicanos eminent for the great Calabashes which grow there exceeding good to keep both wet and dry Meats in The Countrey receives a vicissitude of excessive Cold and intolerable Heat the hard Winters taking beginning in May and continuing till the beginning of August In the middle of our Summer a South-wind blows seven Weeks together here to the great prejudice of all Plants which are during that time often wash'd away by continual Rains About Christmas they Sowe and gather in their Harvest in March. During the rainy Season the Ways cannot be travell'd being all overflow'd by the Rivers neither doth the Palm-Wood which is four days Journey in length permit any access to the said City Santa Cruiz because the conflux of Waters makes it a Moor all over besides which the Tygers Bears and Serpents make the Ways dangerous especially at that time Through this Countrey the Spanish Captain Nusco de Chavas travell'd when he discover'd the Taguamacis a numerous People which dwell along the great River De la Plata The Countrey about Santa Cruiz produces all manner of Fruit but few Trees because of the want of Rain but Corn Maiz Wine Granadillas Luiumas and Tucumay as also the Plant Hachalindi in the Latine Tongue call'd Mirabile Peruanum grow here in great abundance which 〈◊〉 shoots up to the bigness of a pretty large Body full of Juice and of a yellowish colour out of which shoot knotty Boughs and about each Knot two Leaves resembling the Herb Nightshade the Flowers which hang at the ends of the Boughs are long and pleasant to the Eye by reason of their mixture of Purple White and Yellow and also of a sweet smell It is a strange Secret in Nature that this Flower opens at Midnight if any Light come near the same The Root also is accounted an effectual Medicine against the Dropsie SECT VII Collao Situation and Description of Collao COllao lieth Southward of those Countries which go under the general Name of the Province of Cusco having on the West Lima on the South Charcas but Eastward and to the North-East it is shut up by a Ridge of Mountains running in one Body or continu'd Tract from the Confines of Collao as far as the City of Cusco where they divide The Countrey is generally plain commodiously water'd in all Parts with fresh Rivers and consequently affording rich Pasturage and good Herds of Cattel Chief Towns and Places of note The Chief Towns and Places of note are 1. Chuquinga a great Town and held to be naturally almost impregnable as being environ'd round about either with deep unfordable Waters or with Mountains unpassable and having one onely Cawsey leading to it reported to be for two or three Leagues together no broader than to permit one single Person to march conveniently upon it 2. The City Pucara which was formerly well inhabited but at present nothing remains of it except the ruin'd Walls of great Houses and large Images of Stone 3. Ayavire by the Spaniards call'd Las Sepulturas being a Place especially enobled by the stately Monuments of the Peruvian Nobility which were found there 4. Hatuncolla the Metropolis or chief Town of this Province seated upon the Banks of the River Caravaya whose Streams are very much fam'd for Gold CALLAO de LIMA The River Caravaya which glides from the Andes Eastward to the City Juan del Oro produces much fine Gold but not without the loss of many People which are kill'd by the unwholsom Air and Damps that arise here The Lake Titicaca The Lake Titicaca which washes the Countrey Collao on the North the Province of Omasuy on the East Chaquito on the West and Chuquiabo on the South is one of the greatest Lakes of America being eighty Leagues in circumference and in several places as many Fathom deep wherefore it is exceeding rough in windy Weather Into this Lake ten great Rivers discharge their Waters which run away again through a narrow but very deep Channel in which the Stream runs so strong that no Boats are able to abide in it 5. Chinquita a Colony of Spaniards upon the Banks of Titiaca having many small Islands in it of a good and fruitful Soil abounding in Fish and variety of Sea-Fowl it is suppos'd to be fourscore Leagues distant likewise from the South Sea haying onely one Estuary or Mouth which is something strait but of such a deep Water and violent Stream that as Acosta testifieth of it it is not possible to build a Bridge of Stone or Timber over it but the Natives in stead thereof have laid a Bridge of Straw upon it which serves as well viz. so many great Bundles of Straw Sedge or such like matter well and surely made up and fastned together as will reach from one side or Bank of the Estuary to another at which likewise having made them sure they cast some good quantity of more Straw and Sedge upon them and have a Bridge very convenient upon which they both securely pass themselves and also drive Cattel and do other necessary Business The Water is neither bitter nor brackish yet is not drinkable because of its muddiness Several Islands that lie in the Lake serv'd formerly for Store-houses of the chiefest Goods which the People thereabouts living near the High-way would not trust in their Villages The Plant Totara Here grows a certain Broom-Plant call'd Totara good for many uses and is also wholsom Food both for Man and Beast moreover they cover their Houses with the same burn it on their Hearths and make Boats The Uros a salvage People made Floats of Totara which they ty'd together and built Villages on the same which drove to and again according as the Wind blew The Lake also breeds abundance of Fish and especially two sorts viz. Suches which are very pleasing to the Palate but unwholsom and the Bogas which though less and full of Bones are a much better Food There likewise breed plenty of Fowls about the same especially wild Geese and Ducks When the Peruvians intend to Entertain any Person they go to catching of Fowls by them call'd Chaco after this manner They make a Circle with the Floats nam'd Balsas and Rowing close to one another take up the inclos'd Fowl with their Hands Moreover the fore-mention'd Channel through which the Lake Titicaca discharges its Water ends in a little Lake call'd Aulagas likewise full of desolate Isles but hath no visible place into which to empty its Water therefore it must needs according to the course of Nature fall under Ground where it commixes with a Stream whose original is unknown though it be seen to fall into the South Sea The Town is a Place of extraordinary Wealth and Trading and so considerable that

Stone like that of a Plumb The Acajou bearing for Fruit a kind of Chesnut in form of a Hares Kidney which serves for a Crest to a very fair Apple that by degrees grows under it of which the Islanders make a Drink very much in esteem amongst them being of an excellent taste The Icaco a kind of small Plumb-Tree so much coveted and held for a Delicacy by some People that live near the Gulf of Hondures that they are from thence call'd Icacos The Monbain which Fruit being a kind of yellowish Plumb is chiefly made use of to mix in the Drinks of Ouicon and Maby to make them taste the better The Courbury is by some reckon'd to be but a species of the Monbain onely more full of Leaves and growing higher and bigger but the Fruit of the Courbury is sufficiently different from that of the Monbain The Indian Fig-Tree differing in Leaf from the common Fig-Tree but whose Fruit both in figure and taste is not much unlike the Fig growing in these Parts This Tree is commonly of such a vast Bulk that the Branches of some of them have been seen to afford shelter to two hundred Men. A kind of Service-Tree differing from ours by its exceeding heighth fair Leaves and pleasant Fruit. The Prickly or Thorny Palm so call'd from its being arm'd all over with Prickles both Trunk and Leaves by incision into its Branches a sort of Wine is made and it is conjectur'd to be the same Tree which the Brasilians call Ayry The Franc-Palm an exceeding high and streight Tree bearing on the top of its Trunk a whitish marrowy substance by the French call'd Choude Palmiste or Palm-Cabbage for being boyl'd with the thin Leaves that incircle it and well season'd it is reckon'd amongst the Delicacies of the Caribbees Latanier another kind of Palm and Cocoa which is also reckon'd amongst the several sorts of Palms this last is a Fruit-Tree famous all over America and hath been at large describ'd elsewhere There are also many other Trees fit for Dying Joyners Work and Building besides the Acajou before mention'd of the single Trunks whereof are made those long Shallops call'd Pyrages which are able to carry fifty Men as The Acomas of the same bulk and heighth with the Acajon and equally esteem'd by Joyners and Carpenters and of the Fruit whereof the Woodquists grow fat at a certain time of the year The Rose-wood to be rank'd amongst the chiefest of those Trees that are made use of by Work-men Indian Wood a very precious and useful Tree for several sorts of Materials and of a very fine scent The Iron-Wood so call'd from its hardness weight and solidity above all that have hitherto been spoken of and beyond either Cypress or Cedar for incorruptibility Brasile-Wood so call'd as growing most plentifully in Brasile Yellow-Wood denominated from its Colour and much esteem'd for its usefulness in Dying green Ebony easily taking the lustre of the true Ebony and being very useful for the making of Cabinets and other curious Pieces of Work It also Dyes of a very fair Grass-green The Roncon by the Brasilians call'd Urnex in the Husks succeeding the Flowers whereof which grow in little Bushes at the end of the Branches is enclos'd a most rich Vermilion Dye of a very soft and viscous Matter Here are also many other Trees either useful in Medicine or other ways advantageous as the Cassia-Tree of the bigness and figure of a Peach-Tree the long Pipes or Cods whereof containing the Medicinal Fruit are well known amongst us by the Name of Cassia-Fistula and to be had at every Apothecaries Medicinal Nuts each Nut containing three or four Stones in so many Cells every one of which is inclos'd within a thin white Pellicle pleasant enough to the taste and out of which is extracted an Oyl us'd by the Portuguese in several both Culinarie and Physical occasions The Cinamon-Tree so noted for its aromatick Bark also Sandal-Wood Guaiacum and Sassafras Cotton-Tree and Soap-Tree whose Uses the very Names imply and which Trees have been touch'd upon elsewhere The arch'd Indian Fig-Tree the Bodies of which Trees have been antiently the sculking Holes and Retreats of the Inhabitants from their Enemies the Bark is useful for Tanners The Gourd-Tree of the bigness and heighth of a great Apple-Tree and of which are made most of the Houshold Vessels and Utensils which are in common use at present amongst the Inhabitants The Mahot-Tree of the Bark of which are made Laces and Points The Manyoc or Mandioque of whose Root the Cassava Bread is made and which growing in several places of America hath been already taken notice of as likewise the Banana-Tree and that call'd The Apple-Tree of Paradice otherwise Adam's Fig-Tree the Fruit being reported to be of a very delicious taste Other Trees not known in Europe are the Maposu divers kinds of Thorny Wood the Milky Tree being of a venomous quality the Mancenilier and that whose Root beaten to Powder and thrown into Rivers intoxicates the Fish with several others of less note Innumerable sorts of Shrubs might here in like manner be reckon'd up but the chiefest are That remarkable Plant anciently known by the Name of Ricinus and commended for its Vertues by Galen and Dioscorides Coral-Wood so call'd from its little Seeds which being as red as any Coral are us'd for Bracelets The Jasmin bearing a Flower of an admirable sweet scent The Candle-Wood so call'd from its combustibleness by reason of an aromatick Gum which is within The Herbs Flowers Roots and Pulse which grow here are some of them common in all parts of Europe as Cabbages Onions Chibols Melons all sorts of Millets Cucumbers Citruls Parsnips c. Others if not peculiar to this Island yet growing chiefly there and in some few parts of America besides as the Raquettes so call'd from the resemblance its Leaves have with a Racket a thorny-spreading Bush whose Fruit being of a Vermilion colour makes the Urine of those that eat of it as red as Blood Some liken this Plant to the Tunas already describ'd which yields that rich Scarlet Dye call'd Cochinele The Torch so call'd by the European Inhabitants by the Native Islanders Akoulerou a great Thistle or thorny Bush putting forth from the middle of it long streight Stalks like Torches and bearing Fruit like a great Fig not unpleasing to the taste The Lienes creeping upon the Earth and spreading up and down like Ropes and bearing brown Husks of a Foot long wherein are enclos'd a Fruit call'd Sea-Chestnuts of which are made Boxes to keep Snush Tobacco or the like A sort of Sempervivum which runs twisting upon Rocks Trunks of old Trees like Misseltoe and sometimes on the Ground A sort of sensitive Plant call'd by the Inhabitants Haestiel or The Living Herb of which kind of Plant something hath been already touch'd upon and which being transplanted is kept in several Gardens of the Curiosi as a Rarity The Sweet-Rush whose small Root dry'd

divided it into five Wards separated from that part of the Isle which was inhabited by the antient Natives Each Ward hath a Church or at least a Chappel Armory Store-houses and Dwelling-houses like an intire Village The first Ward is call'd Pyloot from a Caribbeean Captain who was very familiar with Du Parquet and inform'd him of his Peoples Designs The second nam'd Capot is wash'd by a River of the same Denomination and hath many fruitful Plains The third retains the Caribbeean Name being Carbet signifying a Publick Structure to which they us'd to resort to Feast or hold Councils of War not far from which the Governor dwelt in a Stone House Near the Harbor stood also an Armory in a Valley water'd by a fresh River which falls out of the Mountains shaded with Trees and Gardens full of Rarities But since the Governor gave this and many other fair Buildings to the Jesuits he remov'd to the fourth Ward call'd St. Peter where he built a Castle and furnish'd the same with Brass and Iron Guns to defend the Harbor A Stones-throw from the Governor's House lies the Jesuits Cloyster on the Banks of a pleasant Stream built very artificially of Marble and Free-stone and having a pleasant Prospect over the River and adjacent Gardens beautifi'd with the choicest of Flowers Fruits and Trees and also a Vineyard out of which they press a considerable quantity of Wine The last Ward call'd Preacheur extends East and West some parts whereof swell into high Mountains at the Feet whereof stand fair Structures others sink into low Valleys or Savannas Novissima et Acuratissima BARBADOS DESCRIPTIO per JOHANNEM OGILUIUM Cosm ographum Regium The Mahot-Tree Between the French Settlements and the Caribbeeans runs an Arm of the Sea along whose Shores grows abundance of the Mahot-Tree which is full of Boughs from the top down to the Ground The Bark of this Tree serves in stead of Ropes and is also us'd to tie up Tobacco the Wood it self is durable and good for Building wherefore most of the Houses built on Hills are of this Timber The best Harbor for Ships is between the Wards Carbet and St. Peter defended from the Winds by high Hills The Diamond Not far from the Inlet of the Salt-pits appears about half a League off at Sea a Rock call'd The Diamond being a Receptacle for an innumerable multitude of Birds and especially wild Pigeons Besides the Streams that in the rainy Seasons run through the Dales and Savana's there are ten Rivers which falling from the Mountains glide through the Valleys into the Sea Sometimes they swell in such a manner that over-flowing their Banks they wash down the Trees and Houses which Inconvenience hath taught the French to build their Houses on Hills or rising Grounds The good Situation of this Island hath invited many Families thither SECT XXII St. Lucia Situation of St. Lucia ST Lucia by the French Alouzie is so call'd because it was discover'd on the thirteenth of December Dedicated in the Kalendar to the Virgin Martyr Lucia who was burnt at Syracuse It lies Southerly from Dominico at thirteen Degrees and forty Minutes and is ken'd at a great distance by two fiery Mountains the most Easterly of which is higher than the other At the Feet of these two Mountains lie pleasant Valleys shadow'd by close Woods and moistned by clear Springs near which heretofore a small number of Caribbeeans dwelling maintain'd themselves with Fishing they went stark naked and painted their Bodies with red Oker and drew a Vermilion Stroke from their Ears to their Noses An English Ship sent to Guinee to supply the Plantations there Landed sixty six mutinous Persons here who were all kill'd by the Inhabitants but when Henry Jacobson Lucifer putting into the Bay of Lucia to Water there Anno 1627. Landed to discover the Island he found neither Man nor House nor any thing but a barren Soil yet notwithstanding Du Parquet sent his Deputy Rosselan with a Colony to Plant in this Island SECT XXIII Barbados Situation of Barbados THe Island Barbados which was Planted by the English Anno 1627. lies between thirteen and fourteen Degrees and hath twenty five Leagues in circumference and somewhat more in length than breadth and is supply'd with a fresh-Water River and several Pools The Ground being fruitful in the producing of Tobacco Cotton Ginger and especially Sugar invited many People to Settle there insomuch that in a short time it could shew twenty thousand Inhabitants besides Negro Slaves The Trees which grow on this Island are not onely delightful but profitable amongst which the Roucou is one with sharp Leaves white Carnation Flowers like Stars which hang by Clusters at the end of the Boughs and after a while turn to a Cod full of vermilion Kernels The Juice dry'd in the Sun and kneaded into Balls is of a great value Of the Bark of this Tree they make strong Ropes and the Root is very wholsom and of a pleasant taste The Fly Cayouyou Moreover amongst the Insects that breed here there are a sort of Flyes worthy of a short Description the Caribbeeans call them Cayouyou being about the bigness of a Beetle they have two strong Wings and under them thinner which they never spread abroad but when they flye and then they carry such a lustre in them that they give as much Light in the Night as a lighted Candle their Eyes also at the same time glittering like Fire making no noise when they flye they feed on the Juice of Flowers and are so smooth that they are very apt to slip through ones Fingers and when they find themselves to be taken they hide their glittering Wings under the other The Indians tie these Flies to their Hands and Feet so to have the benefit of their Light in the Night and anoint their Bodies all over at certain Solemnities wherein Candles are forbidden with the Juice squeez'd out of them which causes them to shine like a Flame of Fire They catch them with a piece of Wood which they move in the Air whereupon the Flyes going to sit are taken with a Hat but their Light vanishes if they are kill'd But as to what may farther be added concerning this Island being one of the chief of our Plantations we cannot better satisfie the curiosity of those who desire a true Information of all things that concern that Place than by inserting verbatim a Letter from an intelligent Person who hath been long resident there viz. Colonel Robert Rich of no older Date than May 31. 1670. by which the present State and Condition of the Island the Buildings and other Improvements made there by the Planters since they first possess'd it in what Commodities of the Growth of the Countrey their chief Trade consists their Strength Militia Government and flourishing Commerce and what-ever else is material to be imparted may be clearly understood SIR Colonel Rich his Description of the Barbados I

besides Brandy and English Spirits but of these latter now no great quantities Imported or spent by reason of the general use of the Spirit of Sugar-Cane call'd Rum which the meaner sort as Servants and Slaves do not onely drink in great abundance but much also is hence Transported into Virginia Bermudas and New-England Here is also Imported great store of Provisions of all sorts viz. Beef Pork Fish c. from Ireland New-England Virginia Bermudas New-found Land c. also Pease Flour Butter Cheese and Bisquet likewise Timber Boards Pipe and Hogshead Staves c. also Negro-Slaves from Guinee and live Cattel as Bulls Cows Asinego 's and Horses from the Cape de Verd Island New-England and from England Servants and all other Commodities for Plantations and for Apparel of all which great quantities are hither brought and sold The Shipping that comes to Trade to this Island belongs generally to England some few Vessels are here built and pass to and fro to the Leeward Islands and some belong to New-England Bermudas c. The number of Vessels which come hither to Trade in one year is found upon search to be about two hundred of all sorts some years more some less as Ketches Sloops Barques c. containing in Burthen fifteen thousand five hundred and five Tun according as they were here Entred which is at the least a third part less than their true Burthen by reason every Ship pays one pound of Powder per Tun the means ordain'd by this Country for storing the Magazine the greatest part of which Ships re-load with Sugars for England and many go for New-England Bermudas Virginia Tangier c. not always full loaden with this Countreys Growth The usual Rate for Tunnage from hence to London is from 4 l. to 5 l. per Tun sometime when Ships are very plentiful it is at 3 l. and less and at other times when scarce from 6 l. to 7 l. in the late War with the Dutch it was at 10. 11. and 12 l. per Tun. The Government is Constituted by the Laws of England and Laws not repugnant to them onely some particular Laws are here made proper for this Place by the Governor or Deputy and his Council which usually are from seven to twelve in number and an Assembly that consists of twenty two Persons chosen by the Free-holders two out of every Parish SECT XXIV St. Vincent Situation of St. Vincent THe Island of St. Vincent South-West from St. Lucia and having sixteen Degrees of North-Latitude was so call'd by the Spaniards as having discover'd it on that Saint's Day being the fifth of April It is accounted eight Leagues long and six broad and rises round about with high Grounds and several Mountains which are seen at a great distance This Island hath a very fruitful Soil and for the bigness of it hath been long since well peopled with Caribbeeans before the arrival of the Spaniards possessing here several Villages to whom they are still sworn Enemies but Truck'd with the Hollanders for Provisions Horns Axes Knives and other Trifles At the West and South sides are convenient Bays to lie at Anchor and take Water in The Fruit Momen The Inhabitants highly esteem the Momen growing to the bigness of an Apple-Tree the Fruit which it bears resembles a green Cucumber and is of a pleasant Juice the Skin always green and prickly the Seed which is in the same about the bigness of a French Bean is generally black and streak'd with Golden-colour'd Veins The Granadilla Here is also that Plant mention'd elsewhere by the Spaniard call'd Granadilla by the Dutch Rhang-Apple and La Fleur de la Passion by the French and it is so call'd as being fancied to represent the thorny Crown of our Saviour together with the Cross Nails Hammer and Pillar the Plant runs along the Ground unless it meet with a Pole by which it runs up SECT XXV Bekia Situation of Bekia NOt far from St. Vincent lies the Island Bekia which reckons twelves Leagues in circumference and lies at twelve Degrees and twelve Scruples of Northern Latitude It hath a secure Harbor against all Winds but because it is without fresh Water is is onely frequented by the Caribbeeans that dwell on St. Vincent who come hither to Fish and visit certain little Gardens which they have there for their pleasure The Soil produces store of Water-melons whose red juicy Pulp yields when squeez'd a great quantity of sweet Liquor which is very refreshing and good to create an Appetite their white Flowers notch'd at the end of the Leaves afford a delightful smell Anno 1633. Captain John Johnson Van Hoorn putting in to Bekia to catch Tortoises found a fine Inlet on the West and Eastward a Ridge of Rocks Cotton growing wild in the Fields and upon the Shore a kind of Snails call'd Burgun under whose first Shell appear'd another of a Silver colour with black Specks SECT XXVI Granada Situation of Granada GRanada lying at twelve Degrees and sixteen Scruples like a Half-moon from the North to the South is full of Woods Towards the South-West runs a fresh River into the Sea The Shore very low affords good Anchorage at twelve Leagues distance The Current grows exceeding strong here and the Water also ebbs and flows in a few hours Dirick Simonszoon Witgeest Sailing from Tobago was amaz'd to see with what force the Current drove him to Granada The French possess it Hither Du Parquet at his own Charge sent three hundred Men from Martinico who scuffled with the Inhabitants six Moneths before they could possess the same in Peace and scarce had they obtain'd it at last but by telling them that the French Assistance would be very advantageous unto them against the Arovages The Duke Seryllac in Paris inform'd of the Fertility of this Island bought it of Du Parquet for a considerable Sum of Money And inded Granada is none of the meanest of the Caribbees the Soil producing very good both Fruit and Timber-Trees amongst which is the Latine-Tree of a tall Body but ordinary thickness and in stead of Boughs hang Leaves like Fans in long Stalks which being ty'd together serve for Roofs of Houses There is also the Tree Cocoa which yet grows not so high here as in other parts of the West-Indies SECT XXVII Tabago Situation of Tabago THe next which comes in view is Tabago so call'd as some think from the quantity of that Drug there Planted eight Leagues long and four broad lying in the eleventh Degree and sixteen Minutes of Northern Latitude and hath many high Mountains full of Wood out of which glide eighteen Streams which watering the Plains fall into the Sea Captain Vitgeest coming to an Anchor here found a convenient Inlet on the East and fresh Water to fill his Casks Half a League from the Shore rise five Rocks through which he Sail'd with his Ships Within the Cliff opens a Bay into which runs a River well stor'd