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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	flower_n	small_a	top_n	1,296	5	9.4101	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A58159	A collection of curious travels & voyages in two tomes ... / by John Ray ...	Ray, John, 1627-1705.; Rauwolf, Leonhard, ca. 1540-1596. Seer aanmerkelyke reysen na en door Syrien t́ Joodsche Land, Arabien, Mesopotamien, Babylonien, Assyrien, Armenien, &c. in t́ Jaar 1573 en vervolgens gedaan. English.; Staphorst, Nicolaus, 1679-1731.; Belon, Pierre, 1517?-1564.	1693 (1693)	Wing R385; ESTC R17904	394,438	648

standing behind the Tree As soon as he saw it he gave over and beckened to me to give it him so I stepp'd to him and when I reached it to him he took it But my Table-book fell out of my Pocket when I pulled out the Money upon the Ground wherein I had recorded many things which when he saw he would have it also but I refusing it he grew mad and began to renew the same Game again then I repented that I did not dismount him when I gave him the Money yet I consider'd that if I should have done him a Mischief as he deserved yet although I had never so good a Cause I was sure I must be cast and perhaps come to a greater mischief and hurt so I gave him it and after he had received it he was pacified and rode away But to come to my former purpose again I found about the River the other Tragium Diosc in the ploughed Grounds and afterwards also in abundance upon the Hill but generally in moist places near to the Spring that runs down the Hill Its Root is whitish pretty long and slender from thence spread themselves some woody Stalks not above a little finger long whereon grew towards the top many Leaves together which were long and had of each side of their rib small Leaves one opposite to the other which were just like the Trichomanes divided only somewhat longer about the bigness of these of Asplenium and are as they delicately green within but without and against the Ground of an Ash-colour and woolly chiefly the small ones that are just sprouting out between the others Out of these first-mentioned Stems come first naked long Stalks upon which grow at the top Violet-brown Flowers close together as if it was an Ear of Corn The Inhabitants call it Secudes and so did the ancient Arabians chiefly Avicen in the 679th Chapter where he also attributeth this Vertue that it is very proper in the Bloody-flux In their Gardens the Turks love to raise all sorts of Flowers wherein they take great delight and use to put them on their Turbant so I could see the fine Plants that blow one after another daily without trouble In December I saw our Violets with dark-brown and white Flowers whereof they gave me in that Season several Nosegays Then came the Tulips Hyacinths Narcissies which they still name by the old name Nergis Before all other I saw a rare kind with a double yellow Flower called Modaph and a strange Convolvulus hederae foliis with great purple Flowers whereout grew Seed-vessels as you see in the new Harmala with three distinct Capsula's wherein is kept its black Seed to which they attribute the vertue of evacuating tough Slime This is found sometimes in Gardens and by the Inhabitants called Hasnisca and the Persians Acafra and Serapio Chapt. 273. Habalnil the Latines Granum Indicum and Carthamus Indicus and he that hath a mind to know more of it let him look into the Author himself in the above-mentioned place in the 306th Chapter of Avicen and the 208th of Rhases I also found in their Gardens Balm Basil and a fine sort of Amaranthus which for his colour-sake may be called Symphonia Plinii and therefore called Parrots Feather I cannot forbear before I conclude to mention some which I found here and there in the Batzars and among them a strange sort of Lillies which as I am told grow in sunny moory mossy and moist places whereon groweth a long Stalk of the same colour and thickness of ours only a great deal broader but broadest of all at top where it is about three fingers broad so that it is like unto a Spatula that is painted at one end On this Stalk grow at each side several tender Leaves which are pretty long but very small and pointed and at the top thereof some white Flowers like unto ours When I was thinking of this at several times what they were called by the Ancients it came into my mind that I had read of them in Theophrastus lib. 4. cap. 9. and I really believe it to be the same But whereas Theophrastus writes in the quoted place that they do not touch the Ground I can say nothing to it for I never saw any of them growing They have also some small Roots to sell called Mamirani tchini good for Eyes as they say they are yellowish like Curcuma but a good deal longer and thinner and knotted and very like unto our Poligonatum and may be esteemed to be the true Mamican whereof Rhases maketh mention in several places There is also among others brought a great quantity of the Juice of Scammony that is still very soft it cometh in Leathern Bags from out of the Country and so it 's sold to our Merchants in their Fondiques but those that buy it must have a great care because it is often adulterated that they be not cheated There is also a good deal of the Juice by the Apothecaries called Opium and by the Inhabitants Ofinn which the Turks Moors and Persians and other Nations take inwardly not only in War at the time when they go to fight their Enemies to make them couragious and valiant but also in time of Peace to drive away Melancholy and Care or at least to ease it Their religious People make also use of it but above all the rest the Deruis and take so much of it that it maketh them presently drowsie and without consideration that when after their barbarous and silly way they cut slash or burn themselves they may feel less smart or pain If any one hath so begun to make use of it they take about the quantity of a large Pea at a time they cannot well leave it off again except they have a mind to throw themselves into a Sickness or other Inconveniencies For as they confess themselves that if they omit taking of it they find themselves very ill in their Bodies Opium is commonly taken from the white Poppy-heads in their Language called Cascasch wherein they cut when they are young and tender a spiral or winding-circle round about it from top to bottom one under the other out of those runs some Milk which they let be there until it groweth thick then they gather it and make it into Balls like unto our perfumed Soap-balls Being that the Turks use this Opium so commonly it happens sometimes that they take so much of it that it is very dangerous wherefore they have an Antidote as I was informed that is the Root Aslab whereof I have made mention before which they give to bring them to rights again I found also in the great Batzars a sort of Alga sold in their Shops which was dark-red and therefore very useful for Dyers it had Stalks of the thickness of a Finger and was surrounded with several thin Scales or rather Leaves and round Wherefore it may be taken to be a Saderva Serap and Herb Alargivan of Andreas Bellunensis

a reddish Seed in the Figure of our male Balsam these are brought from Aegypt and by some thought to be the true Acacia Diosc whether it be so or no I cannot well tell because I never saw the Plant. Very near it in untilled places groweth Galega Sisynrichium Theophrasti which is very curiously delineated in the Book of Rempert Dodon de herbis floribus coron There is also found another fine Plant by the Inhabitants called Tharasalis which hath seven or eight waved Leaves which stand about a round Stalk almost as it is to be seen in Sisynrichium only they are a great deal broader and not so long when the Stalk thereof which is not above a cubit long is grown through and above them it gets at top a white Flower not very unlike unto the low blew Flower de Luce which blow early in the Spring it has a roundish Root like unto that of Narcissus and also has many long white Fibres Not far from thence when you get upon the Hill there groweth in the rough places others viz. Bistorta still by the Inhabitants called Zuph a fine sort of Verbacum Scorzonera with purple Flowers Saffron with small little Leaves and a delicate yellow Flower also Arisarum Homaid and Arum called by them Carsaami whereof there are four sorts among the rest a strange one with long Ears wherefore they call it in their Language Ovidne There also are about the Rivers some Anemones of several sorts and of several colours very beautiful as red purple colour yellow c. all which they call with a common name Sakaick and give an additional Name according to the colour to it viz. Schackaick achmar Sakaik assar Aserack c. that is to say red-yellow of a Violet colour c. which would be too long and tedious to describe all here Chiefly if I should at length relate the common ones as Wild Rue Asphodelus albus Rheseda Plin. Flos solis foliis minoribus serpilli Wild Onions and other innumerable more As you come down by another way back again nearer to the Corn-Fields you find other fine Herbs as the wild new Harmala a delicate sort of Astragalus foliis hedysari minoris and by it another which is very like unto Astragalus of Dioscor so that I really believe it to be the same There appear a great many of them upon the the heighth it is a low Herb with a long brownish Root as big and long as the Roots of Horse-radish which puts out at the sides some strong Fibres which are almost blacker and harder to cut than the Root it self Some of them go downwards and others the greater part upwards and bended like unto Horns These contain together with their sweetness also a dryness they shoot out at the top into several Branches of the same colour yet not above the length of a Finger which encline towards the Earth where out grow nine or ten small Leaves like Lentil-leaves not very unlike to those of Orobus and distributed after the same manner Between them sprout out purple-brown Flowers after them come long and thick and full Bladders whereof some are as big as those of the Colutea All these and several other Herbs have I preserved and glued to some Paper with great and peculiar care so that they are to be seen in their natural colours so exact as if they were green About the River up a Hill I found a tender and fragrant Herb with long and white Roots of a pretty acrimonious taste its Leaves were like unto our Coriander only somewhat rounder and not so much cut but only a little about the edges I found no Stalks nor Flowers for it was early in the year and about Easter which is the time of their first springing these they called Zarneb Melchi and the Inhabitants dig so many of these Roots that they send yearly several Chests-full into Persia where they use them as I am informed very frequently in Pains of their Backs and all other accidental Pains As far as I can see when I look upon the Leaves I reckon it to be the third sort of Daucus of Diosc A little lower as you come to the plow'd Fields I found also the second kind of Chondrilla of Diosc with round Roots of a smooth and dark-yellowish colour perhaps at the top half an inch thick and five or eight long whereon at the end where it is thinnest hangs another round Root of the bigness of a Chestnut which are so full of Milk that they are ready to crack at top where it is divided into three parts sprout out many long and small Grass Leaves together which lye flat upon the Ground between them come out yellow Flowers like unto these of auricula muris each whereof hath its peculiar Stalk Not far from it yet in rougher and stonier Ground groweth another Chondrilla which is like unto that former in all parts only the Leaves thereof are broader and more woolly and of an Ash-colour very like unto the Holostium of Montpellier As you go to the Grand Signior's Garden about a small mile from the Town at the Road I found a good many Plants viz. Draba Diosc call'd Orobanche Halinu Spina solstitialis a kind of Carduus Mariae Wild Cucumbers by them called Adiural hamar Xyphium Peplium Heliotropium tri coccum Caroli Clusii and also his Paronychia Hispanica and his third Lichnis with pale and red purple-coloured Flowers Coris Mathi. with yellow Flowers two delicate sorts of Geraniums and upon old Walls I found a little Rauckel with pale-colour'd Flowers Umbilicus Veneris and a great many more I cannot leave unmentioned those that are growing round about in the Fields and chiefly amongst them a Medica with dissected trifoliated Leaves and many more whereof some have long and straight and others many bended Pods in a cluster together I also found one with many white and hoary Heads which looked almost like unto Lagopodium and another little one with green-colour'd Pods pressed together so long and broad as those of Senna which were a great Ornament to the whole Plant. And also thereabout are found many sorts of Corn-flowers quite differing from ours Papaver erratic in their Language called Schuck of which they make a Conserve with Sugar and use it in Coughs Papaver corniculatum with stately purple Flowers I found also there Eryngium with blewish Tops and starred Heads Two sorts of Henbane whereof one that groweth in the Fields hath red and purple-colour'd Flowers the other which I found in the Town upon the old Walls had white ones by the Latines call'd Apollinaris Much thereabout in the Corn grew the less Melampyrum by them called Paponesck which at the top beareth thick yellow flowers very like unto the Melampyrum Tragi Item the second kind of Wild Cumin with yellow flowers and long bended pods Poterion Math. by the Inhabitants called Megasac which they stick up in their Chambers to keep them from being bewitch'd A delicate

sort of Horminum with small woolly and dissected leaves a Garden-Cypress with gold-colour'd flowers Seabiosa Anchusa and a Salvia which hath many roundish leaves and about their square stalks grow purple-colour'd Bells wherein is its black Seed like unto that of Melissa Molucca whereof I have made mention above In the Corn also groweth Leontopetalon in their Language Aslab with its brown-colour'd round Root and large Leaves which are roundish and very near divided like unto these of our Paeonia the Stalk hath at the top which is about a foot high and hollow more Twiggs whereof the point of each of them beareth several small purple and yellow Flowers which make roundish Bladders that contain one two and sometimes three Seeds the Children use to play their Tricks with them as they do with the Flowers of Papaver erraticum in our Country The great Roots they bruise and rub with it Spots in Cloaths which they as they say draw out immediately By these in the Corn groweth also the true Chrysogonum of Diosc which is as high as the former and also in Flowers Stalks and roundish Root which is redder within very like it only the Stalk is slenderer and hath more and longer by-shoots or germina at the end whereof you see stately yellow Flowers so that it is thicker and more spriggy than the other Its pennated Leaves whereof there are commonly four that come from the Root with long foot-stalks almost as slender as a Thread lye close to the Ground as you may easily imagin and have every one their Ribs two and two Leaves growing together on each side one after another so that four of them stand together in a cross they are darkish green and at the out side where they are broader very like unto Oaken leaves Now as these and others that grow in these Countries are as yet very little known so may also the following that groweth in plowed Fields be reckoned among the unknown which is very like unto the Lycopsis of Diosc for which in my opinion it ought to be taken This Plant hath a red Coat and a straight Stalk about two foot high from whence round about below spread themselves many strong and rough Leaves in a circle as if it were from one center not unlike the wild Bugloss they decrease a little by degrees as they grow higher and higher Out of each of them close to the Stalk sprouts out many Twigs with their peculiar small Leaves as you see in Echium between them shoot out very tender purple-colour'd Flowers which are whole within and divided into six small or longish Leaves almost like unto these of the Caryophillus montanus In the beginning of February I have seen several Sorts of Hyacinths and the Oriental one in the greatest quantity which they call Zumbel in their Language In April I saw another very delicate one known to them by the name Ayur with long and very small Leaves of our Philangium it groweth pretty high and beareth at the top four Stalky Flowers the Leaves thereof are very like in shape and colour unto the three Leaves that stand up in our Flower de luce the Root is very like to that of a Tulip whereof I have also seen a great number in these Grounds of all sorts of colours I have also found some Daisies like unto our own and also another sort of them with nine or ten white Saffron-flowers which sprout sooner in the Spring in the Corn not so bare as ours but between the Leaves The Leaves are pretty thick but narrower longer and narrower pointed than the before-mentioned They also spread more about upon the Ground and come from a white Coat with a brown-red Skin surrounded and divided in the middle it is called Kusan in their Tongue but by some others it is still called Surugen These and a great many more strange Herbs have I found but because they were unknown to me I forbear to mention any more of them But yet I cannot but describe to you one more for the taking of which I and my two Comrades fell into great danger as we often did both of Turks and Moors which needs not all to be related here This is called by the Inhabitants Rhasut and also Rumigi it hath a strong yet unpleasant savour and about four stalks of a whitish colour and so tender towards the Root and so small as a Packthread whereon at each side grow seven or eight tender ash-colour'd Leaves one against the other distributed like unto those of Osmond-Royal only they have round Ears towards the St●lk like unto the small Sage and between the lowermost which are a little more distant Flowers like unto our Aristolochia yet a great deal bigger of a more brownish colour and hanging on longer Stalks The Root striketh very deep and is very like unto our Pellitory of a drying quality and somewhat hot as the bitter taste intimates When I was busie about this tender Plant and strove to get it out whole which took me up the more time because I had no proper Tools by me a Turk well armed came galloping upon us to see what we were doing but when we perceived him to be fuddled and that he earnestly set upon us to make booty of us each of us gave him according to his own desire seeing that he would not leave us without it something that so we might get rid of him so he rode away very well pleased out of our sight so that we took no further care of him But before I could get the Root quite out he came back again with full speed upon us so I bid my Comrades to run to the next Olive-Trees and I would follow them presently but when I saw him come pretty near me and found I could not get the Plant whole I pulled it up as well as I could and so ran to my Companions But when I came to the Olive-trees I found they were ran several Olive-trees further which stand row by row and found my self quite alone and destitute and that I must defend my self behind the Tree so he came down upon me with his Cymeter drawn and fetch'd one blow after the other at me which I still declined running from one side of the Tree to the other so that they went into the Tree and mangled it mightily In the mean time defending my self thus unarmed against him I took a Resolution that if he should take hold of his Bow and Arrow to shoot at me which he could not do except he left his Cymeter to run in upon him and struggle with him But this Fight during very long and perhaps his Anger did not give him leave to think of it I found out another way knowing them to be very covetous to make my self free again with a piece of Money and to give him a small Silver piece which in their Language they call Saict worth about three-pence or a Groat so pulled it out and shew'd it him still