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A38822
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Panacea, or, The universal medicine being a discovery of the wonderfull vertues of tobacco taken in a pipe : with its operation and use both in physick and chyrurgery / by Dr Everard, &c.
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Everard, Giles.
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1659
(1659)
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Wing E3530; ESTC R1871
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56,313
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160
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King to be Embassadour in Portugal It happened on a day that he went to view a Prison or rather a work house for such as are punished at Lisbon where at that time the Kings Court was There a certain Noble Dutch Man who was the chiefest keeper of the Kings Archives presented him with this Plant as being a stranger and newly brought thither from the Island Florida The Embassadour gladly received the Plant and being rare and come from beyond the Seas and which he had never seen before he takes great care to have it planted in his Garden for he understood before by hear say of the great Vertues it had to cure Wounds and Ulcers it having been often used with happy success Wherefore the Fame of this Herb spread over all Portugall and the Spaniards and Portugals speak much in praise of it and it began to be called the Embassadours Herb. Not long after he returning for France preserved some of the Seed of it to Catharina de Medicis Queen of France Shee understanding that this Plant was excellent for curing malignant Ulcers and Putrified Sores and admiring at it as being a new Universall Remedy gave it her Name and after that all France over it was called the Queens Herb and Catharinaria and Medicea The Virginians call it Vppowoc others call it the great Priors Herb because he sometimes Sayling from France to Portugall and being entertained at Lisborn by D. Nicotius had many of these Plants bestowed upon him which he transplanted and made th â— to grow in their Gardens Most Inhabitants of Hispaniola call it Cozolba The Lombards call it Tornabonâ— because it was still brought into Italy by meanes of the Nephew of Alphansus Tornabonius Bishop of Burg. who was also Bishop there himself but at that time Embassadour with the French King By Schwenckfeldius and others that spake highly of the Vertues of it it is called the Sacred Plant Camerarius calls it the Vulnerary Indian Plant others call it Piperina but upon what reason I know not They of Lions call it the Antarctick Bugloss by Renealmus {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Dodonaus a most famous Writer upon Plants gives it the name of Henbane of Peru but falsly as I shall shew in its place Cordus gave this name not to Tobacco but to Strammonia The Reverend Cardinall of S. Cruce when he was sent from Rome the Popes-Nuntio into Portugall brought it first from thence to Rome and therefore there they called it the Herb of S. Cruce Some call it Saâ—a Sancta not without a Catalogue of the great praises of it fetcht from evident experience The Dutch's and English call it Taback The Germans name it Heylig Wundkrat Indianisch Wundtkraut Indianissche Beinwelle Theuet the French Cosmographer who was in that Expedition which Anno. 1555. Nicolaus Durandus Villagagnonus made to Brasil in his Book call'd Antarctick France names it Angoulmoisine and boasts that he was the finder and the first man that brought this Seed into France I know not whether he spake the truth It seems to me to be an old Wives story Fabius Columna mentions Arabian Tobacco different from ours which we do not know Read what the most Learned Columna hath written in his {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} of Plants that are not well known p. 142. There are many uncertainties in the writings of the Arabians for that Nation hath but a few things of its own and commonly the Arabian Authors have not well set things together because they understood not rightly the Writings of the Greeks Also the most famous Herbarist D. Guilandinus in his conjecturall synonimas of Plants calls this Plant Onosmyos of Aegineta The Differences WE have observed three sorts of Tobacco the greater with broad Leaves the greater with narrow Leaves and the smaller Tobacco The first Kinde THe broader Leafe large Tobacco hath a thicker stalk and sends forth shoots from the Roots that are wooddy and are fortified by many small Fibras they are White buâ— inwardly Yellow and bitter the Stalk is as thick as a staffe and sometimes grows three Cubits high it is green and hath a thin down over it it is Unctuous especially when it is grown up and is full of a White Pith and hath many Leaves this is Fenced about from a broad Basis of the windings of the stalk with Leaves resembling great Comfrey but they are bigger and about the middle more large and as it were branched or Gibbous and by degrees they grow to be very sharp pointed they shine with a watry green having no pleasant smell they are full of juyce and are smeered over almost with a clammy Humour so that it will stop small Creatures which sit upon them they tast sharp with some clamminess Amongst the frequent Branches of the Leaves the Flowers come forth single out of the indented Leafy cups standing severall upon a firme stalk and from a narrow Basis towards the upper part they are by degrees dilated as it were into a bordered Pentagon resembling a Trumper being White and pale Red which is called Carnation Colour they Blush In the middle whereof are five threds that compass about the stalk that is of a Pale Green and sticking forth when these decay there follow the hollow long Cups that something end in a point at the top that are full of very small duskish or reddish black but at first with green round seeds The Herbalists vulgarly call this the Male Tobacco Some think this is {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Dioscorides speaks of but I know not how those words can concern Tobacco If conjecture may serve that {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} seems to be great Comfrey from the likeness of it as the famous and learned D. Bauhinus observes in his Synonimâ—'s wherewith he adorns Matthiolus The second Kind GReat Tobacco with narrow leaves hath woody stalks cut in many jags and hairy with infinite fibras the stalks are about a foot and half plaited green full of branches to which by a small stalk are fastned leaves like to Nightshade which is called Bella Donna yet somewhat larger and greener downy thick full of juice the flowers ou the tops of the stalks and branches are purple colour and represent a round narrow Cup toward the basis and are of a pale green The husks succeed the flowers and are rather long than round and at the top they have a long furrow in the middle whereof there comes forth a thick little point but very short and red From the extream part of each furrow there is drawn a trench to the basis which is apparent in a yellow circle The seed contained in it is small and yellow Aegidius Everardus saith That this kind often springs from the seed of Male Tobacco For saith he if any of the grain of Male Tobacco fall to the ground when it swels with seed namely to the ground where Tobacco grew before this narrow
superfluous leaves for otherwise these will suck to themselves the force and nutriment of the greater leaves dig the earth with your finger or a little stick and make a hole in it and put into it ten or twelve grains and put a piece of Oxe dung both at the botom and top of them Do not put fewer seeds into one hole for they are so small that they would be choaked and lost It hates cold exceedingly as I told you and therefore you must raise a wall with clay or stone upon the North side of it that it may lie open to the Sâ—uth Sunne that so in Winter it may receive some warmth for then it must be â—enced and covered with mats and straw The Preparation of the Leaves IT may at first be sowed in an open field and when it is grown forth to the height of the leaves or tender branches of Colâ—worts it may be transplanted and be set apart in the fâ—resaid long bedâ— three foot broad and they must be planted in that order that every plant may stand three or four foot off from another least when the plants grow big the greater leaves should touch and hurt one the other and this would prove to be very great damage Bâ—t when they are growne so great that the flowers begin to peep forth presently before the flowers open themselves you shall cut away all the young shoots and tops with all the small twigs on the sides and the lesser leaves that use to grow between the rest For Tobacco must not bring flowers or seeds if you intend to preserve the force of it entire Moreover at the lower end of the stalk of it there are commonly two leaves found the Spaniards call them Bascherâ—s which take away the pleasant taste of Tobacco if they be mingled with the others You shall therefore be sure to cut off these with the rest that are superfluous and do not use them in any use with the rest for they tast ill and do not smell well and leave but ten or twelve gâ—eat leaves upon the stalk commonly when the foresaid smalleaves with the shoots on the top and the two lowest and such as are to be rejected are cut off But have an espâ—cial care that the Tobacco you desire to sell into these Germane Countreys England or France you suffer it not to runne to flower for all the forces of it will be lost when it flowers Moreover you shall mingle and bruise together the foresaid smaller leaves cut off with the small sprouts and buds of the flowers utterly rejecting those two greater leaves at the bottom called Boscheros as being good for nothing and unprofitable and having pressed forth the juice you shall boyl it in the best sweet strong Spanish Malago wine others adde to it Dants Ale and you shall skim it well and when it is well purified you shall put in good store of salt that the juyce may be as salt as Sea water then cast in a good quantity of Anni-seed and Ginger beaten into very small pouder and let it boyl one hour longer then let it stand that the dregs may settle to the bottom and pour off all that is clear You must keep this juyce thus boyled the Spanisâ— call it Caldo in a vessel close stopt that the forces may be kept within untill such time as the greater leaves which you lefâ— upon the stalk for in these resides all the strength of the plant are grown full ripe which when they are come to you shall presently cut them off next to the stalk and you shall seâ— the foresaid juyce or Caldo upon the fire and boyl it almost yet it must not boyl for should it boyl the strength of it would flie away to nothing and you must dip all the said leaves in that juyce severally But if it be too troublesome to dip all the leaves in one by one you must spread a woollen cloth on the ground upon a floor or in a barn or place where the wind hath no power though it be in the open air and upon this y on shall lay a row of leaves as close as to touch one the other and upon this rank of leaves you shall lay another rank of leaves in the same order yet not wet in the foresaid juyce and taking into your hands a great watering vessel which you must dip into the said juyce or Caldo you shall water by sprinkling all the foresaid leaves and those being watered you shall lay upon them a third and fourth rank and so forward a fifth rank and upon that a sixth of new leaves sprinkling all the rows with the foresaid Ewer or with a brush still observing the same order untill such time as the leaves thus disposed in order rise to be a foot and half high Then you must cover the leaves yet hot with the liquor newly sprinkled upon them with other woollen clothes that all the rows of the leaves may hold their former â—eat and lie to ferment But if that heat or fermentation cannot be procured by those woollen clothes covering the leaves you may lay Horse dung upon those clothes to raise the heat to cherish the leaves and make them stand in a constant fermentation But that they may not grow over hot you must often look upon the leaves untill they change colour And if by the heat they begin to look any whit red and to appear so which may be seen if the leaves be held against the light it is time to uncover the leaves and to take the coverings away for being too much heated they would grow black which is a sign of burning and of corruption and there must be principal care taken that that befall not for this is the chiefest thing to be obâ—erved Tobacco being thus warmed and fermented the foresaid leaves must be hanged up with small packthreds thrusting the needle through the greater nerve of the leaves that is on the backside and so they must be hanged up in a windy place but not very high where the Sunne shines for by the Sunnes heat all their forces would vanish When the wind hath dried them enough they must be bound in bundles binding them with cords as hard as you can so that each bundle must be as great about in the circumference of it as a great Spanish Daller but above all take care that thâ—y be most closely bound together The leaves of Tobacco thus prepared must be diligently and closely pack'd in vessels thrusting them in as much as you can And by this preparing and preserving of Tobacco it will have excellent force and vertue Note in Spanish or Malago wine This way of preparation is of later time and invented by the Spaniards for the use of themselves and strangers For it is probable that the Indians that are the Inhabitants untill such time as wine was brought unto them from other parts beyond the Seas used wine of Dates or of Coccos or some other liquour not to say piss