Agrimonia of some Ferraria minor Concordia and Marmorella in Spanish Agramonia in English Agrimonie in French Eupatoire or Aigremoine in high Douch Odermenich Bruchwurtz in base Almaigne Agrimonie of some Leuercruyt that is to say Liuerwurte Eupatorium †The Nature Agrimonie is of fine and subtill partes without any manifest heate it hath power to cut in sunder with some astriction †The Vertues The Decoction or brothe of Agrimonie dronken doth clense and open the stoppings of the liuer and doth strengthen the same is specially good against the weakenesse of the same Agrimonie boyled in wine and dronken helpeth against the bytings of venemous beasts the same boyled in water stoppeth the pissing of bloud The seede therof dronken in wine is singuler against the blouddy flixe and daungerouse laske The leaues of Agrimonie pounde with Swines grease and layde too hoate doth cure and heale olde woundes that are harde to close or drawe to a Scarre Of Bastarde Agrimonie Chap. xl †The Kyndes THere be sundry kindes of herbes called in Latine Hepatica or Iecoraria that is to say Lyuerwurtes whiche are commended and founde good agaynst the diseases of the Lyuer whereof wee shall describe three kindes in this Chapter vnknowen to the old wryters The two first kindes are Bastarde Agrimonie The third is Three leaued Agrimonie or Noble Lyuerwurte Pseudohepatorium mas Bastard Agrimonie the male Pseudohepatorium foemina Bastard Agrimonie female †The Description THe male Bastarde Agrimonie hath a long round stalke full of white pith within at the whiche groweth long blakish leaues somewhat rough and hearie snipte and cut round about almost like the leaues of Hempe and bitter At the toppe of the stalkes groweth many small floures of incarnate colour clustering or growing thicke togither in tuftes the whiche being withered and chaunged into seede it fleeth away with the winde The roote is full of threddy strings The female Bastard Agrimonie hath also a roūd purple stalke about three foote long and full of braunches The leaues be long and dented or snipt round about like the leaues of Hempe or of the other Agrimonie sauing that they be a littell larger At the toppe of the branches and round about the stalke groweth three or foure small leaues growing harde one by an other after the fashion of a starre amongst whiche is a knap or button that bringeth forth a yellow floure intermengled with blacke within whiche being withered is conteyned the seede whiche is long flatte and rough and hangeth vpon garments whan it is rype The leaues of Hepatica are broade and diuided into three partes not much vnlike the leaues of Cockow bread sower Tryfoly or Alleluya but larger Amongst the leaues groweth fayre azured or blew floures euery one growing vpon a single stemme the whiche do change into small bullets or bolyns wherin the feede is conteyned The roote is blacke and full of small hearie strings †The Place The Bastard Agrimonies do grow in moyst places by diches and standing pooles Hepatica groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but it is planted in gardens †The Tyme The Bastard Agrimonies do floure in Iuly and August but the Noble or great Lyuerwurt floureth in Marche †The Names The male Bastarde Agrimonie is called in Shoppes Eupatorium and is wrongfully taken of them for the right Agrimonie the which is described in the former chapter The learned mē in these dayes do call it Pseudohepatorium and Eupatorium aquaticum or Adulterinum Of Baptistus Sardo Terzola in highe Douch Kunigundkraut Wasserdost Hirssenclee in base Almaigne Coninghinne cruyt Hertsclaueren and Boelkens cruyt manneken We haue named the second Pseudohepatorium foemina in base Almaigne Boelkens cruyt wijfken it is thought to be that Agrimonie whereof Auicen writeth Chap. ccxliiij and therfore some haue called it Eupatorium Auicennae Hepatica siue Hepaticum Trifolium Noble Lyuerwurt or threeleaued Lyuerwurte The third which is called at this day in Latine Hepatica and of some Herba Trinitatis may be called in English Hepatica Noble Agrimonie or Three leafe Lyuerwurte in French Hepatique in high Douch Leberkraut Edel leuer cruyt We know of none other name except it be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Balaris whereof Hesychius writeth †The Nature The two Bastard Agrimonies are hoate and dry as their bitternesse doth manifestly declare Hepatica doth coole dry and strengthen ⧠The Vertues The male Bastarde Agrimonie boyled in wine or water is singuler good against the old stoppings of the Lyuer and Melte or Splene Also it cureth old feuer tertians being dronken The Decoction thereof dronken healeth all hurtes woundes for whiche purpose it is very excellent and to heale all manner woundes both outwarde and inwarde The female Bastard Agrimonie is of the same operation and is vsed more than the other in wounde drenches The Hepatica or Noble Lyuerwurte is a soueraigne medicine against the heate and inflammation of the Lyuer and all hoate Feuers or agues Of Tornesole Chap. xli †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Heliotropium or Tornesol The one called the great Tornesol and the other the small Tornesol Heliotropium magnum Great Tornesol Heliotropium paruum Small Tornesol †The Description THe great Tornesol hath straight round stalkes couered with a white hearie cotton especially about the toppe The leaues are whitish softe and hearie like veluet and fashioned like Basill leaues The floures be white at the toppe of the stalke growing thicke togither in rewes by one side of the stem the which at the vpper end do bend turne againe like a Scorpiōs tayle or the tayle of a Lobster or riuer Creuis The roote is small and harde The small Tornesol carrieth only but one stem of the length of a foote or somewhat more the which diuideth it self into many branches The leaues be whitishe almost like to the first but somewhat drawing towardes the leaues of the small Clote Burre The floures be yellow and small growing thicke togither and perish or vanish away without the bringing foorth of any fruyte like the floure of Palma Christi The seede is grayishe inclosed in triangled huskes or Coddes like the huskes of Tithymall or Spurge hanging downe vnderneth the leaues by a single stem they come forth without floure for the floure is vnprofitable as is before sayde †The Place The great Tornesol as Ruellius saith groweth in France in frutefull tylled groundes but in this countrey it is onely found in gardens The small Tornesol groweth in lowe sandie and waterie places and is found very plenteously in diuers places of Languedock †The Tyme The Tornesolles do floure about Mydsomer and in Iuly †The Names The great Tornesol is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Heliotropium magnum of the new or late wryters Verrucaria maior and Herba cancri Solaris herba Scorpionis herba and therefore the base Almaignes do call it Creeftcruyt and great Creeftcruyt The small Tornesoll is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
and whiche is a thing to be marueled at they do both spring of one kinde of seede A mā shall sometimes finde the male Hempe growing in the borders of fieldes and by the wayes The seede of the male Hempe is ripe at the end of August and in September The female Hempe is ripe in Iuly †The Names Hempe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Cannabis in Italian Cannape in Spanish Cānamo Canauo in English Hempe Neckeweede Gallowgrasse in French Chanure Chenneuis or Cheneue And here ye may perceyue the cause why the Normans and others do call the Cloche made of Hempe Chenneuis or Canuas for it soundeth so after the Greeke Latine and French the high Douchmen call Hempe Zamerhauff in base Almaigne Kempe †The Nature Hempe seede is hoate and dry in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Hempe seede doth appeace and driue the windinesse out of the bodie and if a man take a littell to much of it it drieth vp Nature the seede of generation and the Milke in wemens brestes The seede stamped and taken in white wine is highly commended at this day against the Iaundice and stopping of the Lyuer The iuyce of the leaues of greene Hempe put into ones eare swageth the payne of the same and bringeth forth all kinde of vermine of the same The roote of Hempe boyled in water doth help and cure the Sinewes and partes that be drawen togither and shronken also it helpeth against the Goute if it be layde therevpon †The Daunger Hempe seede is harde of digestion and contrary to the stomacke causing payne and griefe and dulnesse in the head and engendreth grosse and naughtie humors in all the body Of Lysimachion / Willow herbe or Ious strife Chap. LI. †The Kindes THere are now diuers kindes of Herbes comprehended vnder the name of Lychimachia but especially foure vnder whiche all the Lysimachies shal be comprysed The first is the right Lysimachion The second is the red Willow herbe with coddes The third is the second kinde of redde Willow herbe without Coddes The fourth is a kinde of blew Lysimachion †The Description THe first Lysimachus or the yellow Lysimachus hath a rounde stalke very littell crested or straked of a Cubite or two long The leaues be long narrow like willow or wythie leaues nothing at all cut or snipt about the edges but three or foure leaues standing one against an other round about the stalke at the ioyntes The floures be yellow and without smell and grow at the toppe of the branches in steede wherof whan they are fallen away there groweth rounde seede like Coriander seede The roote is long and slender creping here and there and putteth forth diuers yong springs whiche at their first comming vp are redde The second Lysimachus in leaues and stalkes is like to the other sauing that his leaues be not so broade and are snipt about the edges much like vnto Willow leaues The floures in colour and making are somewhat like the floures of the common wilde Mallow or Hock that is to say it hath foure little broade round leaues standing togither and lying one ouer an others edges vnder whiche there groweth long huskes or Coddes like to the huskes of stocke Gillofers whiche huskes do appeare before the opening of the floure the whiche huskes or seede vessels do open of themselues and cleaue abroade into three or foure partes or quarters whan the seede is rype the whiche bycause it is of a woolly or cottony substance is carried away with the winde The roote is but small and threddy Lysimachion verum Yellow Lysimachion or Louse stryffe Lysimachium purpureum primum The first purple red willow herbe or Lysimachium also the Sonne before the Father There is an other smal kinde of this sorte like to the other in stalke leaues floures and huskes sauing that it is in all partes smaller and the stalke is so weake that it can very seldome grow straight The floures be of carnation colour like to Gillofloures but somewhat smaller Yet there is a thirde kinde of redde Lysimachus very like to the first redde kinde The floures do grow also at the top or end of the huskes but they be paler and in making not so well like the other but rather like to Gillofers parted into foure small leaues whiche are set crossewise The second kinde of redde Lysimachus is like to the aforesayde in stalkes leaues sauing that his floures do grow like crownes or garlandes rounde about the stalke like to Penny royall of colour redde without Huskes for the seede doth grow in the smal Corones frō whence the floures fell of The stalke is square and browne The roote is very browne and thicke of a wooddisshe substance and putteth forth yearely new springs Lysimachion purpureum alterum Partizan Lysimachion or Spiked Lysimachion Lysimachium caeruleum Blew Lysimachion The blew Lysimachus also in stalke and leaues is like the others his blew or Azured floures are growing at the end of the stalkes spike fasshion or eared like Spike or Lauander beginning to bloow bylow so flouring vpwarde after whiche there commeth small round Coddes or pursses wherein the seede whiche is very small is conteyned The roote is threddy †The Place The yellow redde do grow in waterish moyst places in low medowes and about the brinckes and borders of water brookes and diches The blew is not found in this countrey but in the gardens of such as loue Herbes †The Tyme They do all floure most commonly in Iune and Iuly and their seede is ripe in August †The Names Lysimachia is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lysimachium Lysimachia and of some Salicaria vnknowen in Shoppes in English Lysimachia Willow herbe and Louse strife in Spanish Lisimacho yerua The first which we may call Golden or yellow Lysimachus Willow herbe and Louse strife is called in Fraunce Cornelle Souscy d'eauë Pellebosse or Chassebosse in high Almaigne Geelwelderich in base Almaigne Geelwederick The second is called of some in Latine Filius ante Patrem that is to say the sonne before the father bycause that his long huskes in which the seede is cōteined do come forth and waxe great before that the floure openeth in Englishe the first red Lysimachus or wythie herbe or Louse stryfe in French Lysimachie rouge in high Douch Braun or Rod weiderich in base Almaigne Root wederick The third is called in Brabant Partijcke It may be called in English Partizan or sharpe Lysimachus or poynted willow Herbe with the purple floure The fourth hath none other name but Lysimachium caeruleum in Latine in English Blew or Azured Lysimachus †The cause of the Name This herbe tooke his name of the valiant noble Lysimachus the friend Cosin of Alexander the great king of Macedonia who first found out the propertie of this herbe and taught it to his posteritie or successours †The Nature The
al other venemous beasts and for them that haue taken any poyson and for them also whiche are bursten or hurte inwardly Dry Scordion made into pouder taken in the quantitie of two drāmes with honied water cureth and stoppeth the bloudy flixe and is good for the paynes of the stomacke The same made into pouder and mengled with Hony and eaten clenseth the breast from all fleume and is good against an old Cough Fresshe and greene Scordion pounde and layde vppon greate greene woundes cureth the same The same dryed and tempered or mixte with Hony or made into pouder and cast into olde woundes and corrupt and rotten vlcers cureth the same and doth eate and waste the prowde and superfluouse flesshe This herbe boyled in water or Vineger and layde vpon the payne of the ioyntes easeth the griefe causing it the sooner to departe Of Teucrion / or wilde Germander Chap. lxxvi †The Description TEucrion hath browne stemmes bringing forth rounde wrinkled leaues snipt and cut round about the edges much like to the leaues of Germander afore described in the xvj Chapter The little small floures are of a sadde purple or browne redde colour like to the floures of Germander The roote is whyte and of hearie of threddy strings †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides saith is found in Cilicia in this countrey it is not to be found but sowen or planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme That which groweth in this coūtrey is seene in floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Teucrium vnknowen in Shoppes in English wilde Germander in high Douch it is called of some Grosz batengel that is to say great Germander Teucrion †The Nature Teucrion as Paulus Aegineta saith is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Teucrion boyled in wyne and dronken openeth the stoppings of the Milte or Spleene and cureth the swelling and hardnes of the same for whiche purpose it is very good and hath a singuler propertie The herbe pounde with Figges and Vineger worketh the same effect being layde vpon the place of the Spleene in maner of a playster Teucrion onely mengled with vineger is good to be layde to the bytings and stingings of venemous beasts Of Houselyke and Sengreene Chap. lxxvij †The Kindes SEngreene as Dioscorides wryteth is of three sortes The one is great the other small and the thirde is that whiche is called Stone Croppe and Stone hore Semperuiuum maius Houselike or Sengreene Semperuiuum minus Prickmadam Crassula minor Wild Prickmadam Great Stone crop Illecebra Stone crop Stone Hore †The Description THe great Sengreene hath great fat and thicke leaues as large as a mans thombe and sharpe at the end fasshioned like a tounge emongst whiche leaues there groweth vp a stalke of the length of a foote or more beset and decked roūd about with leaues like to the first parting it self afterward about the toppe into diuers other branches alongst the which groweth a great many of browne or reddish floures Prickmadame hath small narrow thicke and sharpe poynted leaues The stalkes be great and tender of a spanne long beset round about with the round and sharpe poynted leaues aforesayde the whiche do bring forth at the top smal yellow and starre like-floures The roote is small and creepeth by the ground Amongst the kindes of Sengreene also at this time there is conteyned the herbe called Crassula minor whiche is great stone Crop called of some wilde Prickmadam or wormegrasse the which hath tender stalkes and leaues somwhat long all rounde and reddishe like vnto small wormes euery worme lyke to a wheate corne The floures be white and like the floures of Prickmadam but smaller Small Stone crop is somewhat like to wilde Prickmadam or Vermicularis the ignorant Apothecaries do gather it in steede of Vermicularis or Crassula minor not without great errour and to the perill and daunger of the sicke and diseased people in so vsing it in steede of Crassula minor It hath tender stalkes couered or set full of very small short and thicke leaues growing neare togither The floures at the toppe of the stemmes are yellow and like to the floures of Prickemadame but greater There may be also placed amōgst the kindes of Sengreene a certayne smal herbe very like to the aforesayd in making and growth sauing that his leaues are somewhat larger thicker the whole herbe is eger or sharpe with white floures †The Place The greater Sengreene or Houselike groweth in many places vpon olde walles and houses where as it hath bene planted The small Sengreene whiche we call Prickmadam groweth not in this countrey but onely in gardens where as it is planted The great and small Stone croppe groweth in stonie and sandy countries and vpon olde walles The fifth kinde also groweth vpō old walles but not here in this countrey ⧠The Tyme Houselike or great Sengreene floureth in Iuly and August The other kindes floure in May and Iune †The Names Sengreene is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum and Semperuiuum of Apuleius Vitalis The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum Semperuiuum magnum of Apuleius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shops Barba Iouis in Italian Semper viua in Spanish Yerua pruntera in English Houselike and Sengreene in French Ioubarbe and grande Ioubarbe in high Douch Hauswurtz and grosz Donderbart in bas Almaigne Donderbaert The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Semperuiuum or Sedum minus of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Apuleius Erithales in English Prickmadam in French Triquemadame in high Douch klein Dōderbart in base Almaigne cleyn Donderbaert The third kinde is called in Shoppes Crassula minor and Vermicularis in Italian Herba grauelosa Vermicolare in Spanish Vuas de perro vermicular in English wilde Prickmadam great Stone Croppe or Worme grasse in base Almaigne Bladeloose and Papecullekens The fourth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Illecebra in English Stone Crop and Stone Hore of some it is called Wall Pepper in French Pain d'oyseau in high Douch Maurpfeffer Katzentreublin in base Almaigne Muerpeper The fifth is called of the later writers Capraria and we know none other name to call it by †The Nature The great and small Sengreene and the fifth kinde called Capraria are colde and dry in the third degree The great and small Stone Crop are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues The Decoction of the great Sengreene or the iuyce thereof drōken is good against the bloudy flixe and all other flixes of the belly and against the byting of Phalanges whiche is a kinde of fielde Spyders The iuyce thereof mengled with parched Barlie meale and oyle of Roses is good to be layde to the paynes or aking of the head
The leaues be long narrow almost like grasse the smal stemmes are slender and knottie vpon whiche growe the sweete smelling floures like to the Gillofers aforesayde sauing eache floure is single with fiue or sixe small leaues deepe and finely snipt or frenged like to small feathers of white redde and carnation colour after whiche floures there groweth also in the rounde huskes other sharpe huskes or as it were long pellottes in the which the seede is conteyned The first sweete William or Colmenier which is now called in Latine Armerius flos is also somwhat like to the cloaue Gillofers their leaues be narrow their stalkes ioyntie their floures small like to littell Gillofers growing three or foure togither at the toppe of the stalkes somtimes nine or tenne togither like to a nosegay or small bundell of floures of colour sometimes red and sometimes spotted with white and somtimes but very seldom all white There is an other kind of Armeriorum whose leaues be broade almost like the leaues of floure Constantinople The stalkes of this kinde with the nuÌ„ber of small floures growing togither which are of colour redde and white speckled or sprinckled with small spots are very like vnto the aforesayde Armerijs There is also a certaine thirde kinde Armeriorum with thinne whitishe or faynte greene leaues and slender smooth knottie stalkes whiche in handling seemeth to be somwhat fatte or clammy in the toppe of the sayde stalkes grow small floures clustering or growing rounde togither of a fayre wasshed purple redde colour after them commeth narrow seede vessels or small huskes like as in the other Gillofers wherein the seede is conteyned The wilde Gillofers are somewhat like to Armeria or Colmeniers they haue also small knottie stalkes narrow leaues but yet they be larger shorter a great deale whiter greene than the leaues of the gillofers or Pinkes The floures be most coÌ„monly redde somtimes also white deepely cut or iagged almost like to white Pinkes or Soppes in wine but without sauour The floures gone the seede growth in long huskes like to Pynkes or feathered Gillofers †The Place The Cloaue gillofers and the smaller or single Gillofers with the sweete Williams and Colmeniers are set and planted in the gardens of this countrie The wilde Williams or Cockow gillofers do grow of them selues in all medowes and moyst grassie places The other kinde of Armerius groweth in Germanie in certaine rough hillie places that stande open against the Sunne In Flaunders also there is sometimes found a certaine wilde floure like to the Gillofers and Armerijs sauing it is very small ⧠The Tyme All these sortes of floures do most commonly floure all the somer time from after May vntill September †The Names The two first sortes are now called flores Garyophyllis of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine VetionicÄ™ some iudge them to be Cantabricam whereof Plinie writâ—… in the .xxv. Booke Whereof the first is also called Ocellum Ocellum Damascenum Ocellum Barbaricum of some it is called Vetonicam altilem VetonicaÌ„ Coronariam in English garden Gillofers Cloaue gillofers and the greatest brauest sorte of them are called Coronations or Cornations in Italian Garofoli in high Douch Graszblumen Negelblumen and Neglin in base Almaigne Ginoffelen in French Gyrofflees and Oeilletz or Oilletz The second sorte is also of the kinde of Vetonicarum or gillofers and may well be called Vetonica altilis or Vetonica Coronaria minor in English single Gillofers wherof be diuers sortes great small as diuers in colours as the first kindes are called in Englishe by diuers names as Pynkes Soppes in wine feáthered Gillofers small Honesties they are called in high Douche Mutwille of some Hochmut accordingly they be called in Latine Superba that is to say Gallant prowde gloriouse in base Almaigne Pluymkens and cleyn Ginoffelen some call them also in French des Armoiries or des Barberies That sorte which are called in English sweete Williams are counted also to be of the kindes of the garden or Cloue gillofers called in Latine Vetonica or Cantabrica but now they be called in Latine Flores Armerij yet some esteeme them to be a certayne kinde of HerbÄ™ tunicÄ™ the Germaynes call them Donderneglin Feldtneglin Heidenblumen and Blutsyropfle in base Almaigne Keykens of the Frenchmen des Armoires There is a kinde of this herbe which is common in the countrey gardens and they call it Colmeniers The fourth is a kinde of wilde Vetonica and therefore it is called Vetonica syluestris in English wilde Williams Marshe gillofers or Cockow gillofers in high Douche Gauchblum in Brabant Crayebloemkens and Coeckcoeckbloemkens it may be called also in Latine Armoraria syluestris vel pratensis or Flos Cuculi and in French des Barbaries sauuages †The Nature For the most parte all these kindes of floures with their leaues and rootes are temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues The Conserue of the floures of the first kinde made with Sugar comforteth the harte the vse thereof is good against hoate Feuers the Pestilence Of floure Constantinople Chap. viij †The Description THe floure Constantinople hath two three or foure long holow and vpright stemmes full of knees or ioyntes with a certaine roughnesse At euery ioynt groweth two leaues which be somwhat long and large and of a browne greene colour the floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes many clustering togither after the manner of Tol-me-neers or sweete Williams but somewhat larger of the colour of Red-lead or lyke to the colour of the Orenge pill that is throughly ripe The floures be very pleasant and delectable to looke on but they are without any pleasant sente or sauour The leaues and stalkes be somewhat rough The roote is whyte and diuided into diuers other long and slender rootes in taste somewhat sharpe †The Place The Herboristes and suche as haue pleasure in the straÌ„ge varietie of floures do plant these in theyr gardens ⧠The Tyme These floures do florisshe from Midsomer vntill it be almost winter Flos Constantinopolitanus †The Names This pleasant floure is called of the Herboristes Flos Constantinopolitanus that is to say Floure Constantinople †The Nature The roote of this herb is hoate dry as it doth manifestly appeare by the tast Of hose Campion Chap. ix †The Description ROse Campion his stalkes be round woolly and knotty hauing at euery knot or ioynt a couple of long softe woollie leaues like that leaues of Molin or higtaper but much smaller narrower The floures growe at the top of the stalkes out of long crested huskes whereof some be of an excellent shining or Orient redde some be white The single floures are parted into fiue or sixe leaues with little sharpe poynts in the middell of the floures wherevnto the smaller endes of the little leaues of the sayde floures are ioyned Whan the floures are perisshed there groweth within the
full of white sape like to the first Campanula caerulea satiua †The Place They plante the first kinde in gardens And the smal wild kinde groweth in the borders of fields vnder hedges †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly And the wilde doth also floure vntill August †The Names These floures be now called Fayre in sight in French Belle videre in Douch Blauw clocxkens that is to say in Latine Campanula caerulea All these three plantes are very like that herbe whiche is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine of Plinie Iasione †The Nature and Vertues These floures be not vsed in medicine wherefore the temperature and vertues thereof are vnknowen Of Foxe gloue Chap. xxiiij †The Description FOxe gloue hath long broade swartgreene leaues somwhat dented about the edges somwhat like the leaues of wilde Mulleyne amongst the whiche springeth vp a straight rounde stem of twoo Cubites long or there aboute by one side whereof from the middle to the very toppe there growe fayre long round hollow floures fasshioned like finger stalles of colour sometimes carnation and speckled in the inside with white spots and sometimes all white sometimes yellow Whan they are fallen of there appeareth rounde sharpepoynted huskes in which is conteyned the seede of a bitter taste The roote is blacke full of threedy strings †The Place It groweth in stony places mountaynes in darke shadowie valleys or coombes where as there hath bene myning for Iron and Smithes cole It is also planted in certayne gardens †The Tyme Foxe gloue floureth chiefly in Iuly and August Digitalis †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Digitalis Campanula syluestris and Nola syluestris in English Foxe gloue in French Gantz nostre Dame and Digitale in high Douch Fingerhut Fingerkraut Waldt glocklin Waldt schell in base Almaigne Vingerhoetcruyt This as some do write is that kinde of Verbascū whiche the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Latinistes Lychnitis and Thryallis wherevnto it is much like †The Nature Foxe gloue is hoate and dry †The Vertues Foxe gloue boyled in water or wine and dronken doth cut and consume the thicke toughnesse of grosse and slimie humors Also it openeth the stoppings of the lyuer Spleene or Mylte and of other inwarde partes The same taken in the like maner or else boyled with honied water doth scoure and clense the breast and ripeth and bringeth forth tough and clammy flegme Of Turkie / or Aphrican Gilofers Chap. xxv †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of these floures found in this countrie one great the other small the great Othanna groweth to the height of a man and floureth very late The small groweth low and floureth betimes †The Description THe great Aphrican floure hath a long broune red crested knottie stalke ful of branches groweth viij or ix foote high hauing at euery knot or ioynt two brāches set with great long leaues cōposed of many small lōg narrow leaues nickt tothed roūd about spred abrode as it were winges set one ouer against an other altogither like Athanasia or garden Tansie The floures grow at the ende of the branches out of long round huskes of a browne Orēge colour aboue and of a faynt or pale yelow vnderneath After the falling of the floures the seede whiche is inclosed in the aforesayde round huskes is long narrow and blacke The smal Aphrican floure is like vnto that abouesaide in his stalkes leaues floures seede sauing it is in al respects smaller groweth not very much higher than a foote They are both in their leaues and floures of a naughtie strong vnpleasant sauour especially whā they be either rubbed or brused betwixt ones fingers Flos Aphricanus †The Place These floures grow in Aphrica from thence they where brought into this countrey after that the mightie and Noble Emperour Charles the fifth wan the Towne and Countrie of Thunes they are planted here in gardens †The Tyme The small African Gillofer beginneth to floure in Aprill or in May and from thence forth all the Sommer The great Othonna beginneth not to floure before August †The Names This floure may be called in Latin Flos Aphricanus for it was first brought out of Aphrica into the countreys of Germany and Brabant We do call this floure Turkie Gillofers and French Marygoldes Aphrican floures or Aphrican Gillofers the French men do call these floures Oillets de Turque and Oillet d'Inde and from thence it commeth to passe that the Latinists do cal it Flos Indianus in high Douch Indianisch Negelin in base Almaigne Thuenis bloemen of Valerius Cordus Tanaceum perunianū Some learned men thinke that this herbe hath bene called of the Auncient wryters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Othonna and that it should be the Othonna wherof Dioscorides hath writen which groweth in Arabia about Egypt whose leaues be holy asthough they had bene eaten with Locustes Pausmers or Snayles which thing almost may pe perceyued in the leaues of this Indian Gillofer if a man looke vpō them against the light But in my iudgement it is better like to be that herbe whiche Galen in his fourth booke of Symples calleth Lycopersium or Lycopersion †The vile Nature and euill qualitie of this Herbe The Indian Gillofer is very dangerous hurtfull and venemous both to man beast as I haue tried by experience namely vpon a yong Catt wherevnto I haue giuen of these floures to eate very finely pound with greene or fresh Cheese wherevpon she blasted immediatly and shortly after died And I was moued to make this experience by the occasion of a yong childe who had gathered of these floures put them into his mouth so that straight waies his mouth lippes did swell exceedingly within a day or two after they became very sore and scabbed as also it doth often happen to them that put into their mouthes the pipes or hollow stalkes of Hemlocke Wherfore it is manifest that this herbe with his floure is very euil and venemous and of complexion much like vnto Hemlocke the whiche also may be partely perceyued by his foule and lothsome sauour whiche is very strong and stinking not muche differing from the rancke and noysom smell of Hemlocke Of May Lillie / or Lillie Conuall Also of Monophillon Chap. xxvj †The Description LIllie Conuall hath two greene smooth leaues like to the leaues of the common white Lillie but smaller and tenderer betwixt whiche there springeth vp a naked stalke of a span long or thereabout at the which stalke there hangeth seuen or eight or moe proper small floures as white as Snowe and of a pleasant strong sauour smelling almost like the Lillie Whan the floures be past theyr commeth in their steede certayne redde bearies like to the frute or bearies of garden Asparagus The roote is threedishe creeping here and there It should seeme
with a decoction thereof made in water It is also good against the Suffocations of the Matrix if you giue it to be eaten or smelt too and it is of like vertue to Castorium as the learned writers of our time haue found out by experience The operation and vertues of the two others are not yet knowen but accordingly as one may iudge they are in facultie not muche vnlike the Camomils sauing that they be altogither feebler Some do write that golden Cotula boyled in wine and dronken is good against the Iaunders and restoreth the good liuely colour whiche is a signe that it is of like vertue vnto Camomill for Camomil worketh the same as we haue declared in the former Chapter Of Passe floure / or fiedde Mathes Chap. xxxi †The Description THis herbe hath thicke greene stalkes and leaues very small cutte and iagged much like bothe in stalkes and leaues and also in smell and sauour vnto Cotula foetida The floure is of a fayre purple red colour of fasshion and making like vnto the golde cup or the floure of Crowfoote whan they are past there come vp roūd rough knops like the knops of Crowfoote but somwhat longer wherein is the seede like to Spinache seede †The Place These fayre pleasant floures grow in some places in the cōmon corne fields as in Prouence and Languedoc and in some places of England in some countries they grow not but in gardens †The Tyme This herbe beginneth to floure in May and remayneth flouring all the Somer Heranthemum forte †The Names The stalkes leaues with the whole herbe that beareth these floures which is like vnto some of the Camomilles in sauour smell and proportion are sufficient enough to proue this herbe to be a kinde of Camomill and especially the thirde kinde called Heranthemum the floures onely whiche are not very like vnto Camomill floures causeth me to doubt For if the floures were like fasshioned vnto Camomill I would without doubte mayntayne this herbe to be the thirde kinde of Camomill which is the true Heranthemum whiche Dioscorides describeth to be greater than the two other kindes to haue a purple floure vnto whiche description this herbe draweth neare sauing only in the fasshion of his floure For the whole plant is greater and higher then Camomill but otherwise very like it and the floures be of a fayre purple red colour But whatsoeuer this herbe is it is better like to be the thirde kinde of Camomill than Consolida regia whiche we call Larckes spurre is or Aster Atticus whiche we call Sharewurte which haue bene both described of some writers for this kinde of Camomill although they were nothing like Camomill neyther in their leaues floures nor smell and they beare not redde floures but blew whiche is against the description of Heranthemum whose floures as it is aboue sayde Dioscorides writeth to be of a red purple colour Wherefore this herbe may better be called Heranthemum then either Larckes spur or Shareworte it may be called in English purple Camomill Redde Mathes and Passe floure it is also called in French Passe fleur the Brabanders call it Bruynettekens Some would haue it to be flos Adonis but their opinion seemeth not to be very likely bycause that Flos Adonis should seeme to be none other then a kind of Anemone †The Temperament The taste and smell of this herbe doth manifestly declare it to be of complexion hoate and drie like the Camomill but chiefly like to Cotula foetida †The Vertues The vertues and operation of this herbe are yet vnknowen vnto vs but if this herbe be Heranthemum it is singuler against the stoone as we haue alreadie written in the xxix Chapter of this Booke Of Buphthalmos / or Oxe eye Chap. xxxij ⧠The Description BUphthalmos is a braue plante with pleasant floures stems of a span or a halfe cubite long it hath three or foure stalkes set with tender leaues very small cut and iagged not muche vnlike vnto Fenell leaues but a great deale smaller and very well like to the leaues of the smal Sothrenwood sauing they be greener The floure is of a fayre bright yellow colour and large with many small thrommes or yellow thredes in the middle almost like to the floures of Marigoldes sauing they be much larger haue not so many small leaues set round about the golden knops or yellow heades The floure perisshed there commeth in steede thereof a rounde knop almost like the sedie knop of Passe floure the roote is blacke very thredie †The Place This herbe as witnesseth Dioscorides groweth in the fieldes without the towne in this countrie the Herboristes do plant it in their gardens Buphthalmum ⧠The Tyme It beareth his floures in Marche and Aprill †The Names This herbe bycause of his floures whiche be of the quantitie and fashion of an Oxe eye is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Buphthalmum Oculus bouis in high Douch Rindszaug Kuaug in base Almaigne Rundsooge and Coeooghe some call it also Cachla Cauta or Caltha This is the right Oxe eye described by Dioscorides In certayne places the Apothecaries do sell and vse the rootes of this plant in steede of the roote of blacke Hellebor and from hence it cōmeth that certaine studious Herboristes haue called this plant Helleborum nigrum and do count it for a very naughtie and vehement plante howbeit that of it selfe it hath not in it any speciall malice or force neither will it prouoke the stoole as some haue proued by experience Therfore some haue called it Helleborine tenuifolia some others call it Helleborastrum or Consiligo wherevnto it is nothing like †The Temperament Buphthalmos or Oxe eye is hoate and dry of a more sharper and cutting nature than Camomill †The Vertues The floures of Buphthalmos pounde and mengled with oyle and waxe layde to colde and harde swellings dissolueth and wasteth the same Some do affirme as witnesseth Dioscorides and Serapio that Buphthalmos or Oxe eye cureth the Iaunders causeth the body to be of good colour if one drinke it boyled in wine after his comming out of a bath Of Goldenfloure / or the wild Marygolde Chap. xxxiij †The Description THis herbe hath rounde smooth stēs diuided into many branches The leaues be long and deepely iagged round about as if they were rent or torne The floures grow at the top of the branches in fasshion like the floures of Camomill but they be a great deale larger and not only yellow like fine gold in the middle but also round about and of a pleasant smell The roote is white and threddie There is yet an other kinde of this herde in all things like to the same as in his stalkes colour floures sauour and fasshion but his leaues be a great deale more deepely cut and iagged euen harde to the middle ribbe or sinew The which I thought good to note to the ende that
in vertues and operations may be alwayes vsed in steede of the great Balsaminte Of Sage Chap. lxxvij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Sage the one is small franke the other is great The great Sage is of three sortes that is to say greene white and redde †The Description THE franke Sage hath sundry wooddie branches and leaues growing vpon long stemmes whiche leaues be long narrow vneuen hoare or of a grayishe white colour by the sides of the sayde leaues at the lower ende there groweth two other small leaues like vnto a payre of little eares The floures growe alongst the stalkes in proportion like the floures of Dead Nettell but smaller and of colour blewe The seede is blackishe and the roote wooddie The great Sage is not much vnlike the small or franke Sage sauing it is larger the stalkes are square and browne The leaues be rough vneuen and whitishe like to the leaues of franke Sage but a greate deale larger rougher and without eares The floures seede and roote are like vnto the other Saluia minor Franke Sage or small Sage Saluia maior Great Sage or broade Sage There is found an other kind of this great Sage the which beareth leaues as white as snow sometimes all white and sometimes partie white and this kinde is called white Sage Yet there is founde a thirde kinde of great Sage called redde Sage the stemmes whereof with the synewes of the leaues and the small late sprong vp leaues are all redde but in all things else it is like to the great Sage †The Place Sage as Dioscorides saith groweth in rough stonie places both kindes of Sage are planted almost in all the gardens of this countrie ⧠The Tyme Sage floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The Sage is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Saluia of some Corsaluium in Spanish Salua in English Sage in French Sange in high Douch Salbey in base Almaigne Sauie The first kinde is now called in Latine Saluia minor Saluia nobilis and of some Saluia vsualis in English Smal Sage Sage royall and common Sage in French Sauge franche in high Douch Spitz Salbey klein Salbey edel Salbey Creutz Salbey in base Almaigne Cruys sauie and Dorkens sauie The second kinde is called in Latine Saluia maior and of some Saluia agrestis in English great Sage or broade Sage in French grande Sauge in high Douch Grosz salbey Breat salbey in base Almaigne groue groote Sauie †The Nature Sage is hoate and dry in the thirde degree and somewhat astringent †The Vertues Sage boyled in wine dronken prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone comforteth the harte and swageth head ache It is good for wemē with childe to eate of this herbe for as Aëtius saith it closeth the Matrice causeth the fruite to liue and strengtheneth the same Sage causeth wemen to be fertill wherefore in times past the people of Egypt after a great mortalitie and pestilence constreyned their wemen to drinke the iuyce thereof to cause them the sooner to conceyue and to bring foorth store of children The iuyce of Sage dronken with hony in the quantitie of two glasse fulles as saith Orpheus is very good for those whiche spitte and vomit bloud for it stoppeth the fluxe of bloud incontinent Likewise Sage brused and layde too stoppeth the bloud of woundes The decoction thereof boyled in water and dronken cureth the cough openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and swageth the payne in the side and boyled with wormewood it stoppeth the blouddy flixe Sage is good to be layde to the woundes and bitings of venimous beasts for it doth both clense and heale them The wine wherein Sage hath boyled helpeth the manginesse and itche of the priuie members if they be wasshed in the same Wild Sage Chap. lxxviij †The Description WOode Sage is somewhat like garden Sage in fasshion sauour it hath square browne stalkes set with a certaine kind of small heare the leaues are not much vnlike the leaues of great Sage but somewhat broader shorter and softer The floures are not much vnlike to the floures of Sage growing onely vpon one side alongst the branches euen vp to the very top of the same branches or stemmes of a whitisihe colour whan they are paste there commeth a rounde blackish seede The roote is threddie sendeth foorth new springs or branches euery yeare †The Place This kinde of Sage groweth in this countrey alōgst the hedges in woodes and the bankes or borders of fieldes †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly Saluia agrestis †The Names This herbe is now called in Shops Saluia agrestis and Ambrosiana in high Douche wilde Salbey in base Almaigne wilde Sauie There are some that thinke it to be the seconde kynde of Scordium whiche Plinie describeth bycause that whan it is brused it sauoreth of Garlike and this is the cause why Cordus calleth it Scorodonia It is called in English woodde Sage wild Sage and Ambros in French Sauge de Boys †The Nature The woode Sage is hoate and dry meetely agreable in complexion vnto garden Sage †The Vertues Woode Sage dissolueth congeled bloud in the body and cureth inwarde woundes moreouer it wōderfully helpeth those that haue takē falles or haue bene sore brused and beaten if it be boyled in water or wine and dronken Woodde Sage taken in manner aforesayde doth consume and disgest inwarde impostems and tumers anoyding the matter and substance of thē with the vryne Of Clarey Chap. lxxix †The Description CLarye hath square stalkes with rough grayish hearie vneuen leaues almost like to the leaues of great sage but they are foure or fine times larger the floures be of a faynte or whitish colour greater than the floures of Sage Whan they are fallen of there groweth in huskes the seede which is blacke The roote is yellow of wooddie substance The whole herbe is of a strong and penetratiue sauour in somuch that the sauour of it causeth headache †The Place In this countrie they sow it in gardēs ⧠The Tyme Clary floureth in Iune Iuly a yeare after the first sowing thereof †The Names Clarie is now called in Latine and in Shoppes Gallitricum Matrisaluia Centrum galli and Scarlea oruala in English Clarye or Cleare-eye quasi dicas oculum clarificans in French oruale Toutebonne in high Douche Scharlach in base Almaigne Scarleye It seemeth to be a kind of Horminum but yet it is not Alectorolophos as some men thinke Gallitricum †The Nature Clarey is hoate and dry almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues In what sorte or maner soeuer ye take Clarey it prouoketh the floures it expulseth the Secondine and stirreth vp bodely luste Also it maketh men dronke causeth headache therefore some Brewers do boyle it with their Bier in steede of Hoppes This herbe also hath al the vertues and properties of Horminum and
and leaues is like to the first but his leaues be somewhat rounder The flowres differ onelye in this that they be somewhat longer and narrower and of a faynte yellowishe colour shorter by one side than another and of a blackishe purple colour vpon that syde that turneth backe agayne The fruit of this Aristolochia is also sharpe fashioned lyke to a top or peare sauing it is rounder and fuller and straked or ribbed like the other The seede is like to the seede of the loÌ„g Aristolochia The rootes be round and swollen like to a Puffe or Turnep in taste and sauour like to the long 3. Aristolochia Clematitis Branched Aristolochia 4. Pistolochia Smal Aristolochia 5. Aristolochia Sarracenica Sarasins Aristolochia The thirde kinde of Aristolochia his stalkes and branches are smal and tender his leaues be like to the others but the little stemmes or footstalkes of the leaues are somwhat longer The flowers also belong and holow of a yellow or deepe violet colour The rootes be small and slender dispearsed or growing here and there The fourth Aristolochia in his leaues and stalkes is like to the long and rounde Aristolochias sauing it is smaller and finer or tenderer his leaues be also broade lyke Iuy leaues The flowres be also long and hollowe and blackishe about the toppes or endes The fruit is also round and like to the others his rootes be long and small as russhes or threddes The fifth kinde which is called Sarasins wurt or Sarasins Aristolochia hath longer and higher stalkes than any of the kindes aforesayd his leaues be also larger but otherwise they differ not for they be also lyke Iuy leaues The small flowres growe betwixt the leaues in proportion also long and hollowe of a yellowish colour The fruit also is fashioned lyke to a peare The rootes be long and sometimes thicke and couered with a thicke rinde or barke in sauour and taste lyke the others †The Place The long and rounde Aristolochias growe plentifully in Spayne and in many places of Italie and certayne places of Fraunce it delighteth muche in fertile grounde and good pastures Aristolochia Clematitis as Peter Bellon writeth groweth vppon the mountayne Ida in Crete or Candie Carolus Clusius saith it groweth about Hispalis a Citie in Spayne nowe called Ciuill and that he hath founde it amongst the busshes and briers there The Pistolochia also groweth in certayne places of Fraunce and Spayne The Sarasines Aristolochia delighteth muche in vineyardes and high deserte places and wildernesses and is founde in sundrie places of Germanie and Brabant †The Tyme The Aristolochias do flowre in May Iuly timelier in hoate Countries †The Names They are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aristolochia in English Aristologia and of some Byrthwort Hartwort in Shoppes also Aristolochia The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aristolochiam longam bycause of the fashion of the roote it is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dactilis Melocarpon and Teuxinon Aristolochiam marem In Englishe long Aristolochia The seconde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia foemina of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Malum terrÄ™ in Englishe Aristolochia rotunda and rounde Aristologia The thirde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aristolochia Clematitis Branched Aristologia The fourth kinde called of Plinie in the eyght Chapter of his xxv booke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pistolochia and Polyrhizon The fifth Aristolochia is nowe called of some Herba Sarracenica in Frenche Sarrasine in Douche Zarasijn cruyt in Shoppes Aristolochia longa which is in Douche lange Osterlucey in English long Aristolochia in steede whereof it may be vsed We may also name it in Englishe Sarasines herbe Sarasines Aristolochia †The Nature The rootes of Aristolochia are all hoate and dry in the extremitie of the seconde degree †The Vertues The rootes of Aristolochia are excellent against al poyson and agaynst the bitinges stinginges of venimous beastes if it be taken in wine or layd vpon the woundes or bitinges The long Aristolochia moueth the menstrual termes and prouoketh vrine And if it be dronken with Pepper and Myrrhe it expelleth the Secondine dead childe al other superfluities gathered togyther in the Matrix It worketh the same effect to be ministred in a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie The rounde Aristolochia is lykewise good for the same purpose and it is also very good for them that are short winded and troubled with the yeox or hyquet it is profitable against the payne of the syde the hardnesse of the melt or splene the crampe or connultioÌ„ or drawing togyther of the sinewes the falling sicknesse the gowt and the shakinges or shiueringes of Agues and for al such as are hurt or bursten inwardly if it be giuen them to drinke with water The same draweth foorth splinters of broken bones Shaftes and Dartes thornes and shiuers if it be layde to the place with Pitche or Rosen as Plinie writeth It mundifieth and scoureth all corrupt and filthy sores fistulas and viruleÌ„t holowe vlcers and filleth them vp agayne with newe flesh if it be mixt with Ireos and hony especially it cureth the faultes vlcers of the secret partes if ye wash the same with the Decoction of this Aristolochia made in wine Aristolochia rotunda doth beautifie clense and fasten the teeth if they be often frotted or rubde with the powder thereof The thirde kinde is much like to the other in vertue sauing it is not so stroÌ„g as Dioscorides writeth and Galen saith that this kinde is of the sweetest and pleasantest sauor and therfore is much vsed in oyntmentes but it is weaker in operation than the aforesayde Pistolochia or smal Aristolochia is also of the same vertues and operatioÌ„s but not so strong as the others Sarrasines or braunched Aristolochia is also lyke that others it is very hoate and bitter and not inferior to Aristolochia longa wherfore in all compositioÌ„s one may be vsed in steede of the other without errour ⧠The Choice The rounde Aristolochia is of fine and subtile partes and of stronger operatioÌ„ than the rest it mundifieth and clenseth mightily and it soupleth and maketh thinne grosse humours The long Aristolochia is not of suche subtile partes neither doth it clense so mightily but is better to incarnate and ingender flesh in vlcers Aristolochia Clematitis hath the best sauour wherefore it is best to make Oyntmentes Of Holeworte Chap. ij †The Kyndes HOleworte is of two sortes the one hath a rounde roote which is not holowe within And the roote of the other is holowe within but otherwayes they are like one another in their stalkes leaues floures seede ⧠The Description HOleworte hath smal tender â—talkes of a span long his leaues be also small and iagde lyke Rue or Coriander of a light greene or rather a grayishe colour At the top of the stalke it beareth flowers after the
in the spring time and are ripe in August ⧠The Names Otes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Auena in high Douche Habern in base Almaigne Hauer in Frenche Auoyne The seconde kinde may be called in Englishe Pilcorne or pylde Otes Turner calleth the thirde kinde by the Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Auena sterilis whiche you may see described in the xvj Chapter of this fourth booke †The Nature Otes do drie much and are of complexion somwhat colde as Galien saith Auena †The Vertues Otes are good to be put in playsters and Cataplasmes wherein Barley is vsed men may also vse the meale of Otes in steede of Barley meale forasmuche as Otes as Galen saith do drie and digest without any biting acrimonie Oten meale tempered with vineger driueth away the Lentiles and spots of the face The same taken in meate stoppeth the belly Oten bread nourisheth but litle and is not very agreable or meete for mankinde Of Gockwheate Chap. xiiij †The Description BOckwheate hath round stalkes chauellured and fluted or forowed and crested of a reddishe colour about the height of two foote or more The leaues are broade and sharpe at the endes not muche vnlyke the leaues of Iuie or common Wythiwinde It putteth foorth shorte stemmes aswell on the sides as on the top of the stalkes vpon the said short stemmes there growe many white flowers in tuftes or clusters after the said flowers commeth the sede which is triangled and gray enclosed in a litle felme or skinne lyke the seede of blacke binde-weede described in the third part of the historie of plantes †The Place They sow it in leane and drie ground and is very common in the landes of Brabant called Kempene †The Tyme It is sowen in the spring tyme in somer after the cutting downe of Corne and is ripe niene or ten weekes after Fegopyron Tragopyron †The Names This kind of grayne and plant is called in Frenche Dragée aux cheueaux in high Douche Heydenkorne in base Almaigne Bockweydt after whiche name it may be englished Bockwheat The Authour of this worke calleth it TragopyroÌ„ certaine others do call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Fagotriticum which is not Oâ—ymum described by Columel as we haue sufficiently declared in the fourth booke of our Historie of Plantes where as we haue in lyke manner declared howe it was vnknowen of the Auncientes I thinke this to be the grayne called in some places of Englande Bolimonge ¶ The Nature This seede without fayle is indued with no heate and is not very drie †The Vertues The meale of Bockewheate is vsed with water to make pappe whitpottes and great cakes of light digestion whiche do lightly lose the belly and prouoke vrine yet they be but of small nourishment The bread which men do make of this grayne is moyst sharpe or sower without any great nourishing It hath none other vertue that I knowe sauing that they giue the greene herbe as fodder and fourrage for cattell and they feede hennes and chickens with the seede which doth make them fat in short space Of Iuray or Darnell Chap. xv †The Description IVray is a vitious grayne that combereth or anoyeth corne especially wheat and in his knottie Strawe blades or leaues is like vnto wheate but his eares do differ both from wheat and Rye eares for they are diuided into many small eares growing vppon the sides at the toppe of the straw in the whiche small eares the seede is conteyned in proportioÌ„ almost lyke wheate cornes but muche smaller ¶ The Place Iuray for the most part groweth amongst wheate and sometimes it is also founde amongst Barley especially in good lande where as wheate hath growen before †The Tyme It waxeth ripe with the wheate and other corne Lolium ¶ The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lolium of the Arabians Zizania in Frenche Yuraye or Gasse in Englishe it is also called Iuraye Darnell and Rayne †The Nature Iuray is hoate euen almost in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde †The Vertues The meale of Iuray layde on with Salt and Radish rootes doth stay and keepe backe wilde Scurffes and corrupt and fretting sores The same with sulfer and vineger cureth the spreading scabbe and leprie or noughtie scurffe when it is layde thereon The same with Pigeons dongue oyle and lineseede boyled layde playsterwise vpon wennes and such harde tumours doth dissolue and heale them It draweth foorth also al splinters thornes and shiuers and doth ripe and open tumours and impostemes If it be sodden with Mede or as Plinie saith Oximel it is good to be layd to to swage the payne of the gowte Sciatique They lay it to the forehead with birdes grease to remoue and cure the headache It is also founde by experience that Iuray put into Ale or Bier causeth dronkennesse and troubleth the brayne Of Pour Otes Festuca and Melampyrum Chap. xvi Aegilops Pour Otes Festuca altera Drauick wilde Otes †The Description POur Otes or wilde Otes are in leaues and knottie strawes like vnto common Otes the eares be also spread abroade like to the common Otes The graine is blackishe rough heared inclosed in hearie huskes eche one hauing a long bearde or barbe This is a hurtfull plant as well to the Rye as other corne Festuca or as the Douchmen call it Drauick is also a hurtfull plant hauing his leaues and strawe not much vnlyke Rye at the top whereof growe spreading eares wherein is conteyned a small seede of grayishe colour inclosed in litle skinnes or small huskes muche lesse and smaller then any other kinde of corne or grayne Ye may wel place with these that herbe or plant which of the Brabanders is called Peertsbloemen that is to say Horse flower whose description you may see in the second booke Chapter xiiij placed with those wild flowers that growe amongst corne for his seede is lyke to wheat and a hurtful or noysome weede to corne especially to wheate as Galen saith ¶ The Place You shal finde much of this geare amongst Rye and oftentimes amongst wheate and Barley †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aegilops and according to Plinie Festuca in English Wilde Otes or Pour Otes The seconde is called in high Douche Dort in Neather Douchlande Drauick it may be also very well called in Latine Festuca or Festuca altera in Englishe Wilde Otes or Drauick †The Nature Pour Otes are hoate as Galen testifieth †The Vertues The greene leaues layde to with the meale of th the seede of Pour Otes if it be Aegilops is good to heale hollowe vlcers called Fistulas especially those whiche are in the corners of the Eyes called Aegilopes The same sodden with Ale or Bier causeth the head to be dul and heauy after a dronken sort or manner like to
the domestical or tame kinde the square or cornered kinde the which some do cal Arietinum and the wilde Ciche and there be two sortes of that kinde whiche is called Arietinum white and blacke Cicer satiuum Tame Ciches Cicer Arietinum Sheepes Ciches †The Description THe tame Ciche Peason is a smal kinde of pulse almost like to a lentil it hath foure or fiue branches and therevpon small narrowe diuidid leaues not muche vnlyke the leaues of lentilles The flowers grow vpon short stemmes small and somewhat whitishe after the whiche there come vp small rounde huskes or coddes wherein is commonly founde three or foure round Peason hauing a certayne bunch hillock or outgrowing by one side not muche vnlike Sheepes Ciche Peason but a great deale smaller and not so harde and of a better taste Sheepes Ciches haue slender stalkes and harde with many branches and rounde leaues iagged about the brimmes like the lentil or feche growing directly or opposite one against the other the flowers be either white or purple and bring foorth shorte rounde Coddes or huskes bollen or swelling vp like small bladders wherein growe two or three Peason cornered and fashioned almost lyke a sheepes head in colour sometymes white and sometimes blacke The wild Ciche pease in leaues are lyke to the tame but they are of a ranke and strong sauour and the fruite of another fashion as Dioscorides saith vnlike the tame Ciches †The Place These Ciche Peason are founde planted in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme All the Ciches are ripe in August like to the other sortes of pulse †The Names Ciche Peason are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer in Frenche Cices ▪ or Pois Cice. The first kind is called Cicer satiuum Columbinum Venereū and in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Orobiaeon that is to say in Latine Cicer eruillum vnknowen in Shoppes This is not Eruum as many at this time do thinke and for that purpose they put it into their triacles and other suche medicines The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer Arietinum that is to say Sheepes Ciche pease in Shoppes Cicer in Englishe Sheepes Cichpeason in French Pois Ciches in high Douch Zysern erweyssen in base Almaigne Ciceren The thirde kinde is called Cicer syluestre that is to say Wilde Ciches †The Nature The Ciche pease is hoate and drie in the first degree †The Vertues The domestical or tame Ciches prouoke vrine and cause milke to encrease in womens brestes it taketh away the euyll colour and causeth good colour to ensue The same boyled with Orobus called in Englishe the bitter Fiche doth asswage and heale the blastinges or swellinges of the yearde or priuie members if it be layde thereon also men vse with great profite to applie it to running sores and vlcers of the head and the scurffe The same mingled with Barley meale and honie is good against corrupt and festred sores and Canckers being layde therevppon Sheepes Ciches do prouoke vrine and vnstoppe the Melt the Liuer and the kidneyes and the decoction thereof drunken breaketh the stone and grauell To conclude the Ciche peason do wast clense and make thinne all cold and grosse humours and are good agaynst all spreading sores and the inflammations and swellinges behinde the eares They do likewise nourish sufficiently but they engender muche windinesse ⧠The Danger The vse of Ciches is not very good for them whiche haue any vlceration in the kidneyes or bladder for they be to much scouring and do cause the vrine to be sharpe Of Lupines Chap. xxiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Lupines the white or garden Lupine and the wild Lupine The wild kind agayne is of sundrie sortes for somtimes you shall see some of them with a yellowe flower sometymes with a blewe flower and sometimes with a reddishe flower Lupinus Satiuus Lupinus syluestris Lupines †The Description THE tame or garden Lupine hath round harde stemmes standing vpright of him selfe without any succour stay or helpe eyther of bowes or branches and after it hath brought foorth his first flowers then it parteth it selfe aboue into three branches which when they haue also brought foorth their flowers euery of the sayde branches doth part and dinide them selues agayne into thrée branches continuing so in flowers parted branches vntill they be hindered by frostes The leaues are cut and slit downe into fiue sixe or seuen partes The flowers do grow many togither at the end or parting of the stalkes after whiche flowers there come in their places long coddes somwhat rough without The fruit is white and flat like a cake in taste very bitter The wilde Lupine hath yellow flowers and is very like to the aforesayd sauing that his leaues and stalkes are much lesse his flowers are not white but yellow and the seede or fruite is not white but spotted The wilde Lupines with the blewe and red flowers are yet lesser then the yellow the fruite is also marked or spotted and it is the least of the Lupines †The Place The Herboristes do plante Lupines in their gardens The wilde with the blewe do growe amongst the corne about Monpellier †The Tyme In warme Countries and hoate seasons the Lupine flowreth three times a yere The first flower commeth foorth about the end of May afterward the three first collaterall branches do spring out the whiche three branches do likewise flower about the beginning of Iuly The sayd collaterall bowes or branches do agayne bring foorth three other branches they do flower in August where as they be well placed in the Sonne The fruite of the first and seconde bloweing doth come to perfect ripenes in this Countrie but the thirde blowing doth hardly come to ripenesse except it chaunce in a very hoate sommer †The Names This kinde of pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Lupinus in Frenche Lupin in English Lupines in high Douche Feigbonen in base Almaigne Lupinen and Vijchboonen The first kinde is called Lupinus satiuus that is to say The manured or garden Lupine The three other sortes are called Wilde Lupines in Latine Lupini syluestres and these be not vsed in medicine †The Nature The garden Lupine is hoate and drie in the seconde degree it hath vertue to digest make subtil and to clense †The Vertues The meale of Lupines taken with hony or els with water and vineger doth kill and driue foorth by siege al kindes of wormes The same vertue hath the decoction of Lupines when it is dronken And for the same purpose men vse to lay Lupines stamped vpon the nauel of young children fasting Men giue the decoction of Lupins boyled with Rue and Pepper to drinke to open the stoppinges of the liuer and melt Apessarie made of Lupins Mirrhe and Hony mingled togither mooueth womens natural sicknesse or flowers and expelleth or deliuereth the dead birth She
decoction of Lupines doth beautifie the colour of the face and driueth away all frekles and spottes like lentils The meale thereof is of the like vertue mingled with water and layde therto The flower or meale of Lupines with the meale of parched barley water swageth all impostumations and swellinges The same with vineger or boyled in vineger swageth the payne of the Sciatica it digesteth consumeth and dissolueth the kinges euill or swelling in the throte it openeth and bursteth wennes botches boyles and pestilential or plague sores Lupins may be eaten when as by long soking in water they are become sweete and haue lost their bitternesse for when they be so prepared they take away the lothsomnesse of the stomacke and the desyre to vomit and do cause good appetite Yet for all that this kinde of foode or nourishment engendreth grosse blood and grosse humours For Lupins are harde to digest and vneasie to descende as Galen saith The wilde Lupins haue the lyke vertue but more strong Of the bitter Veche called in Greeke Orobos and in Latine Eruum Chap. xxiiij †The Description ERuum or the bitter Fetche is nowe vnknowen and therefore we can geue none other description but so much as is written in Dioscorides and Galen They say that Orobos or Eruilia is a small plant bearing his fruit in coddes round of a white or yellowish colour of a strange and vnpleasant taste so that they serue not to be eaten but of cattel neither wil cattell feede vpon them before that with long soking or stieping in water their vnpleasant taste be gone and lost wherefore it is very easie to iudge that the flat Pease called in Greeke Lathyri and described in the xxj Chapter of this booke are not Ers or Eruilia as some haue thought for those flat Peason are in taste lyke the common Peason as we haue before declared ⧠The Names This pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eruum and the Frenchmen folowing the Latine name do cal it Ers in Douche Eruen in Englishe Bitter Vetche or Ers. †The Nature Ers are hoate in the first degree and drie in the seconde †The Vertues The meale of Eruum often licked in with hony in maner of a Lohoch clenseth the breast and cutteth and ripeth grosse and tough humours falling vpon the lunges It loseth the belly prouoketh vrine maketh a man to haue a good colour if it be taken in reasonable quantitie for to muche thereof is hurtfull With honie it scoureth away lentiles or freckles from the face and all other spottes and scarres from the bodie It stayeth spreading vlcers it doth soften the hardnesse of womens breastes it breaketh Carboncles and impostumes Being kneded or tempered with wine it is layde very profitably vnto the bitinges of dogges of men and wilde beastes The decoction of the same helpeth the itche and kibed heeles if they be washed therein Ers are neuer taken in meate but it fatteth oxen well ⧠The Danger Ers or Orobos being vsed often and in to great a quantitie causeth headache and heauie dulnesse it bringeth foorth blood both by the vrine and excrementes of the belly Of the Vetche Chap. xxv THe Vetche hath stalkes of a sufficient thicknesse and square about the heigh of three foote with leaues displayed spread abroad compassed about with many smal leaues set opposite one direetly against another at the ende of whiche leaues ye haue tendrelles or claspers wherby it taketh hold and is stayed vp The flowers are purple and fashioned like the Beaneflowers afterward there come vp long flat coddes wherein are Vetches which are flat and of a blackish colour †The Place They sowe Vetches in this Countrie in the feeldes for fourrage or prouender for Horses †The Tyme They be rype in Iuly and August †The Names This pulse is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vicia of some Osmūdi in English a Vetche or Vetches in Frenche Vesse in high Douche Wicken in base Almaigne Vitsen And that this is not Eruum it appeareth euidently by that which is described in the former Chapter This shoulde seeme to be Theophrastus Aphace or Taare †The cause of the Name The Vetche as Varro sayth is called in Latine Vicia bycause it bindeth it selfe about other plantes and ouercometh them and is deriued from this Latine worde Vincire whiche signifieth to binde sure to ouercome and to restrayne from libertie Vicia †The Nature and Vertues The Vetche is not vsed in medicine neyther vsed to be eaten of men but to be giuen to Horses and other cattel and this Galen doth also witnesse Of Arachus or wilde Fitche Chap. xxvi †The Description ARachus is muche lyke to the common Vetche in stalkes leaues and coddes but in all these muche lesse The stalkes be tēder weake and slēder with cornered trayles or square crested edges The leaues are spread abroade like the other Vetche but clouen and parted aboue at the endes into two or three clasping tendrelles The flowers be smal of a light purple or incarnate colour and do growe vppon the stalke selfe as the flowers of beanes or common Vetches do without any foote stalkes The coddes be small long and narrowe wherein is couched sixe or seuen seedes of a blackishe colour harde and smaller than Vetches Arachus Of this forte there is found an other kinde the which is very wel like to the abouesaid in leaues and stalkes but it is smaller It hath smal white flowers growing clusterwise at the ende vpon long stems almost like the wild Vetche the whiche do turne into litle short huskes clustering togither smaller then the lentil huskes in the whiche is founde but onely two graynes harde rounde gray speckled blackish in making and taste like to the Vetche †The Place These two kindes of Vetches do grow in the feeldes amongst Rye Otes and other lyke graynes †The Tyme They are both ripe in Iune †The Names This plant is called of Galen Lib. 1. de alimentorum facultatibus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arachus the whiche name is written by chin the last syllabe as a difference from the other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracus written with ac wherof we haue alredy treated They call it in French Vesseron in Brabant Crock in Englishe Wilde Vetche †The Nature and Vertues Arachus or the wild Vetche is not fit for man but serueth only for prouender or fourrage for Bieues and horses vnto whom the whole herbe is giuen Of smal wild Fetchelinges Chap. xxvij Galega altera Vetcheling or smal wild Fitches Onobrichis fortè Medica Ruellij Saint Foin Medick Vetcheling THE wild Vetche is much like Arachus described in the former Chapt. in stalkes leaues and clasping tendrelles but that his flowers grow not in the like order but do grow in tuffed clusters about long stemmes almost like to spiked eares of colour purple in blew the which past
al hoate diseases impostumes that require cooling drying This is also an excellent fodder for Oxen and kine and for the same purpose it was vsed to be sowen of the Auncient Romynes in olde time Of the right Trefoyle / or Treacle Clauer Chap. xli †The Description AMongst al the sortes of Trefoyles the same here is the largest in leaues that we haue yet seene it hath great round stalkes of a foote a halfe or two foote long ful of branches vpō the which there grow alwaies three leaues togither vpon one footestalke or stemme of a blackish colour and muche greater then the leaues of the common Trefoyl The flowers grow from the sydes of the stalkes vpon long stemmes thicke tufting and clustering togither almost like the flowers of Scabiouse of a deepe blew or skye colour The seede is broade and rough or a litle hearie and sharpe at the ende The roote is smal and slender †The Place The Herboristes of this Countrie do also sowe this kinde of Trefoyl in their gardens †The Tyme This Trefoyl flowreth in this Countrie in August ¶ The Names This kinde of Trefoyl is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Trifolium Trifolium odoratum at this time they cal it Trifolium foetidum Trifolium bituminosum in Frenche Vray Treste and Treste puant in base Almaigne Groote Claueren in Englishe The right Trefoyl stinking Trefoyl Smelling Clauer Treacle Clauer Clauer gentle and Pitche Trefoyl And this is that Oxytriphyllon of the which Scribonius Largus hath written †The Nature This Trefoyl is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The leaues and flowers or seede of this Trefoyl dronken in water is good for the payne of the syde the strangurie the falling sicknesse the dropsie and for women that are sicke of the mother or stuffing of the matrix for taken in suche sort it prouoketh vrine and the menstrual termes or flowers Trifolium The same leaues taken in the syrupe Oximel helpeth against the bitinges of venemous beastes The decoction of this Trefoyl with his rootes is very good for the same if the bitinges and stinginges of suche hurtful beastes be washed therewithall Moreouer they do with great profite mingle the said leaues or rootes with Treacles and Mithridates and suche lyke preseruatiue medicines whiche are vsed to be made agaynst poyson Also they say that three leaues of this Trefoyl dronke a litle before the comming of the fit of the feuer tertian with wine do cure the same foure leaues so taken do helpe agaynst the Quartayne Of Hares foote / or rough Clauer Chap. xlij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Hares foote the great the smal but in leaues and figure one is lyke to the other †The Description HAres foote hath a round stalke rough the leaues are very like the leaues of Trefoyl or Trinitie grasse The flowers grow at the top of the stalkes in a rough spikie knap or eare very like to Hares foote The roote is small and harde †The Place Hares foote especially the lesser is very common throughout all the feeldes of this Countrie †The Tyme Hares foote is most commonly in flower in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lagopus of some Leporis Cuminum now Pes Leporis and Trifolium humile that is to say in english Hares foote Rough Clauer base Trefoyl in French Pied de Lieure and Treste bas in high Douche Hasenfusz Katzenklee Katzle in base Almaigne Hasen pootkens Hasen voetkens ¶ The Nature Hares foote is drie in the third degree and indifferent colde †The Vertues Hares foote boyled in wine and dronke stoppeth the laske and the bloody flixe Lagopus Of wood Sorrel / or Sorrel de boys Chap. xliij †The Description VOode Sorrel is a lowe or base herbe without stalkes the leaues do growe from the roote vpō short stemmes and at their first comming foorth are folden togither but afterwarde they spread abroade and are of a faire greene colour and fashioned almost like the Trefoyl sauing that eche leafe hath a deepe clift in the middle Amongst the leaues there growe also vppon shorte stemmes comming from the roote little smal flowers almost made like litle belles of a white colour with purple veynes all alongst sometimes of a yellowishe colour when they be fallen there rise vp in their places sharpe huskes or cuppes full of yellowishe seede The roote is browne somewhat red and long Of this is founde yet another kind the which beareth yellow flowers and afterwarde small coddes †The Place This herbe groweth in this Countrie in shadowie wooddes vpon the rootes of great olde trees sometimes also vpon the brinkes and borders of ditches †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Aprill and at the beginning of May. Oxys †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Oxys in Shoppes Alleluya of some Trifolium acetosum and Panis Cuculi Alimonia in French Pain de Cocu in high Douche Saurerklee Buchklee Buchamffers Buchbrot Gauchklee and Gauchgauchklee in base Almaigne Coeckoecks broot in English Wood-sorel Sorel du bois Alleluya Cockowes meate Sower Trifoly Stubwurt and Woodsower ¶ The Nature This herbe is colde and drie lyke Sorrell †The Vertues Sorel du bois is good for them that haue sicke feeble stomackes for it drieth and strengthneth the stomacke and stirreth vp appetite It is good for corrupt sores and stinking mouthes if one washe with the decoction thereof Of Grasse Chap. xliiij †The Kindes A Man shal finde many sortes of grasse one lyke another in stemme and leaues but not in the knoppes or eares for one hath an eare like Barley the other lyke Millet another like Panick another lyke Iuray and such vnprofitable weedes that growe amongst corne Some haue rough prickley eares and some are soft and gentle others are rough mossie lyke fine downe or cotton so that there are many sortes and kindes of grasse whereof we will make no larger discourse but of suche kindes onely as haue bene vsed of the Auncient Physitions and are particularly named Agrostis and Gramen †The Description THE grasse whereof we shall nowe speake hath long rough leaues almost lyke the Cane or Pole reede but a great deale lesser yet muche greater broder then the leaues of that grasse which groweth cōmonly in medowes The helme or stemmes are small a foote or two long with fiue or sixe ioyntes at the vppermost of the stalkes there grow soft gentle eares almost like the bushy eares of the Cane or Pole reede but smaller and slenderer The roote is long and white full of ioyntes creeping hither thither platted or wrapped one with another putting forth new springs in sundry places by the meanes hereof it doth multiplie and increase exceedinly in leaues and stalkes †The Place This grasse groweth not in medowes lowe places
also sowen in August and planted againe in Nouember then it closeth or lofeth in Iune Iuly and August and after that time it is good to be eaten †The Names Garden Colewurtes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Brassicae satinae in Shoppes Coles in high Douche ▪ Kolen in base Almaigne Koolen The first kind of white Colewurtes is called in Latine of Plime Brassica Tritiana of the writers in our dayes Brassica sessilis capitata and Imperialis in Frenche Chous cabus in high Douche Kappszkraut in base Almaigne Witte Sluytkoolen Kabuyskoolen in Englishe White Colewurtes Lofed Cabbage and Great rounde Cabbage Cole The second kind is called of Plinie in Latine Brassica Lacuturria in French Chous de Sauoye in base Almaigne Sauoy Koolen The thirde kinde is called in Latine Brassica Pompeiana of the writers in our time Brassica Cypria in Italian Cauliflores in Frenche Chous florys in base Almaigne Bloemkoolen in English Flowrie Cole or Cypres Colewurtes The fourth kinde is nowe called Rapae Caulis that is to say Rape Cole in Frenche Chou Naueau in base Almaigne Raepkoolen The fifth kinde is called Caulis nigra in Italian Nigre Caules that is to say Blacke Cole in Frenche Chou noir in Douche Swerte Koolen The first kind of the red Cole is called of Cato in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Plinie in Latine Brassica Cumana in Frenche Chous rouges poly in high Douche Breyter roterkolen in base Almaigne Groote roo koolen The second kinde is also called Brassica lacuturria in French Chou cabu rouge in base Almaigne Rooskens and Roode Sluytkoolen The thirde kinde with the iagged leaues is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Brassica Apiana in base Almaigne Ghehackelde koolen that is to say Cole with the iagged leaues The fourth kind of red Cole is called Brassica Sabellica and of such as write in these dayes Brassica crispa in Frenche Chous Crespues in high Douche Krauser kol in base Almaigne Ghecronckelde koolen in Englishe Wrinckled or russed Cole The fifth and smallest is called in high Douche Kleinder kolen that is to say the small and slender Cole in Frenche Petit Chou in base Almaigne Slooren This is the thirde kinde of Colewurtes described by Cato the whiche is properly called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Crambe †The Nature Colewurtes are hoate and drie in the first degree and of a clensing or scouring facultie especially the red kinde †The Vertues The iuyce of Colewurtes taken by it selfe or with Saltpeter softeneth the belly and causeth one to go to the stoole the like propertie hath the first water wherin the Colewurtes haue ben boyled The iuyce of Colewurtes dronken with wine is good against the bitinges of Serpentes The same layde to with the meale of Fenugrek helpeth members troubled with the gowte It doth clense and heale olde rotten sores The same put vp into the nosethrilles purgeth the brayne and head The same mingled with vineger and put warme into the eares is good against deafenesse and against the humming or ringing of the same The same as a pessarie put vp into the natural places of women prouoketh the flowers The same boyled as a Syrupe with hony often licked in is good against hoarsenesse and the cough The decoction or broth of Colewurtes especially of the first kinde and of the very worste or meanest sorte of redde Colewurtes haue all the aforesayde properties the whiche taken eyther alone or with Sugar doth both lightly and gently loose and soften the belly and prouoketh womens natural sicknesse The same broth is also good for all woundes for if they be often washed therewith it doth both mundifie and heale them The young leaues eaten raw with vineger or perboyled do open the belly very gently and cause to make water and are very good also to be eaten of suche as be splenitique The same taken after meate or meale in the same manner do cure dronkennesse and the headache proceeding of the same The same alone or with parched Barley meale are very good to be layde vnto blacke and blewe markes that come of stripes and al other hoate inflammations or swellinges The same leaues sod and layde to with hony are good for consuming and filthy sores The seede of Colewurtes taken in Meade or watered honie doth kyll and expel al sortes of wormes The stalkes burned to asshes and mengled with old swines grease is good to be layde to the olde paynes or ache in the side ⧠The Danger Colewurtes eaten engender grosse and melancholique blood especially the red kinde The white are better to digest and engender more agreeable and better nourishment especially when they haue ben twise boyled Of Wilde Colewurtes Chap. vij †The Description WYlde Colewurtes in leaues and flowers are much lyke to the small Colewortes or that they cal Crambe sauing that his leaues and stalkes be whiter and a litle hearie in taste much bitterer †The Place This Colewurt groweth in high rough places by the sea side as Dioscorides writeth There is muche of it founde in many places of Zealande vpon high bankes cast vp by mans hand ⧠The Names This kinde of Cole is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some Halmiridia in Latine Brassica syluestris and Brassica rustica that is to say Wilde Colewurtes or Countrie Colewurtes in base Almaigne Zee Koolen and wilde Zee Koolen and of some writers nowe a dayes Caulis marinus and Brassica marina albeit this is not that Brassica marina whereof Dioscorides writeth whiche we haue described alredy in the third part of this worke amongst those kinds of plātes called Windweeds or bindweedes †The Nature This kind of Cole is very hoate and dry of complexion stronger in working then the great Colewurtes Brassica syluestris †The Vertues The wild Cole in operation is lyke to the garden Colewurtes but stronger and more abstersiue or scouring and therefore nought to be vsed in meates The leaues thereof newly gathered and stamped do cure and heale greene woundes and dissolue tumours and swellinges being layde therevpon Of Spinache Chap. viij †The Description SPinache hath a long leafe sharpe pointed of a brownishe or greene colour soft gentle ful of sap and deeply cut with large stittes vpō both sides about the largest parte or neather ende of the leafe The stalke is round and holow within Some of the plantes haue flowers clustering or thick set alongst the stalkes and some bring foorth seede without flowers in thicke heapes or clusters full and plenteous and for the most part prickley †The Place It is sowen in gardens amōgst pot herbes †The Tyme They vse to sow Spinache in March and April and it flowreth and beareth seede within two monethes after the sowing They also vse to sow it in September that continueth all the winter without bearing seede vntil the spring time †The Names This potherbe or rather Salet herbe is
and rent much lyke to the leaues of Coloquintida The fruite is round and greene without wherein groweth a flat blacke seede lyke to a Melon or Pepon seede but somwhat smaller †The Place This herbe is mainteyned in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme The Citrull Cucumber is rype with Pompons or Melons about the ende of Sommer ⧠The Names This kind of Cucumber is called Cucumis Citrulus of some Anguria in shops Citrulum and in Douch according to the same Citrullen in French Concombre citrin in Englishe Citrulles and of some Pome Citrulles Cucumis Citrulus The wilde kinde of this Cucumber is the right Coloquintida described in the third booke of this historie of Plantes ¶ The Nature The Citrull is of temperament colde and moyst lyke the Pepon †The Vertues The Citrull Cucumber is muche lyke to the Melone in vertue and operation whether it be taken in meate or medicine Of Melons Chap. xxxi †The Description THe Melon trayleth alongst the grounde lyke the Cucumber and hath tender branches with catching caprioles and rounde rough leaues The flowers be yellowe lyke the flowers of the Cucumber The fruite is long and almost like to the Cucumber but greater and couered all ouer with soft heare especially beyng yet young and tender and yellowe within The seede is muche inclosed in the inner parte of the fruite and is muche lyke to the Cucumber seede †The Place Melons are sowen in gardens and they require a fat wel dounged ground and also a drie grounde standing well in the Sonne for otherwise you scarse see them prosper in this Countrie †The Tyme The Melon is ripe in August September Cucumis Galeni Antiquorum ⧠The Names Galen nameth this fruite in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Cucumis vndoubtedly it is the Cucumis of the Auncientes wherof Cucumer Asininus that is to say the leaping Cucumber is the wilde kinde Of the later writers at these dayes it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Melopepo of some Melo and in some places of Italy it is also called Citrulus and Cucumis citrulus in Frenche Melon in high Douche Melaunen in base Almaigne Meloenen in Englishe Melons and muske Melons †The Nature The Melon in cemperament is almost like to the Pepone but not so moyst †The Vertues The Melon is in vertue like to the Pompon or Pepon sauing that it doth not ingender so euill blood neither doth it descende so quickly into the belly wherefore it is by so much better then the Pepon Of Gourdes Chap. xxxij †The Kindes THe Gourde is of three sortes that is to say the great the smal the long which are muche lyke one another in leaues branches ouer and bysides the wilde kind which is described before in the third booke Cucurbita cameraria maior Cucurbita minor Cucurbita anguina †The Description THE Gourde hath long limmer stalkes tender and full of branches and clasping tendrels or caprioles whereby it taketh holde and climbeth vp especially if it be set by perches hedges quick settes or trees by the whiche it may take holde and wrap and wind it selfe for without such stayes helpes the Gourde cannot climbe vp but will lye alongst and growe harde by the grounde and than it can not bring foorth his fruit The leaues be rounde whitishe soft and almost lyke veluet drawing somewhat towardes the fashion of the great Clot Bur leaues but smaller The flowers be white euery flower parted into fiue small leaues after the flowers commeth the fruite at the beginning greene and ouerlayde or couered with a soft cotton or hearie downe but after whan it turneth to ripenesse it is of a yellowishe colour and almost balde without heare or cotton This first kinde is very great rounde thicke and large Within this fruite is found a large long seede with two peakes or corners at the ende of the same seede The seconde kinde is lyke to the first in stalkes leaues flowers and seede sauyng that the fruite is smaller and lyke a rounde flagon or bottel with a long necke which is the best fashion of Gourdes for they be oftentimes vsed especially of the Pilgrimes in steede of flagons or bottelles when they are made hollowe The thirde kinde is lyke to the aforesayde sauyng that the fruit is neyther so short nor so bigge as the fruite of the others but most commonly is of three or foure foote long and as bigge as ones legge or arme the rest is lyke the others Bysides these three kinds of garden Gourdes as some learned men write there is found another sort whose fruite is very short and no bigger than ones finger the residue as the stalkes and leaues is lyke to the abouesayde Of this sorte is also a wilde kinde whereof there is mention made in the Chapter of Coloquintida in the thirde booke †The Place The three first kindes are planted in the gardens of this Countrie The fourth kinde groweth in some Countries in rough stony places †The Tyme The Gourde is ripe in this Countrie in August and September †The Names The Gourde is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in the Shoppes Cucurbita in high Douche Kurbs in base Almaigne Cauwoorde in Frenche Courge ▪ in Englishe a Gourde or Gourdes The three first kinds are called of Plinie Cucurbitae camerariae and of some also Perticales bycause they growe vppon poles rayles and perches lyke vnto vines whereof is sometimes made close herbours and vaultes or coueringes The first kinde is nowe called of the later writers Cucurbita magna maior in Englishe the great Gourde in Frenche Grande Courge in high Douche Grosz kurbs in base Almaigne Groote Cauwoorden The seconde kinde is called Cucubita minor in English the lesser Gourder in high Douch klein kurbs in base Almaigne Cleyn Cauwoorden in Frēch Petit Courge The third kind is called Cucurbita anguina and of some Cucurbita oblonga in Frenche Courge longue in high Douch Lang Kurbs in base Almaigne Langhe Cauwoorden in English Long Gourdes The fourth kinde whiche is yet vnknowen in this Countrie is called of Plinie in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Somphos in Latine Cucurbita barbarica marina †The Nature The Gourde is colde and moyst in the seconde degree †The Vertues The Gourde eaten rawe and vnprepared is a very vnholsome foode as Galen sayth for it cooleth and chargeth or lodeth the stomacke and ouerturneth and hurteth the same by stirring vp the payne thereof But being boyled backte or otherwayes dressed it is not so hurtfull for it doth coole and moysten the hoate and dry stomacke slaketh thirste and looseth the belly neuerthelesse it nourisheth but litle The iuyce of the whole Gourde pressed out and boyled and dronken with a litle hony and Saltpeter looseth or openeth the belly very gently The lyke vertue hath the wine that hath stoode by the
yellowe The roote is white and full of hearie laces or stringes The lesser water Cresse at the first hath rounde leaues then commeth the rounde stalke of a foote long vpoyn the whiche growe long leaues iagged on both sides almost like the leaues of Rockat The flowers growe at the highest of the stalkes of colour somewhat white or of a light Carnation after whiche come smal huskes wherein the seede lyeth †The Place The greater watercresse groweth in diches standing waters and fountaynes or springes The lesser watercresse groweth in moyst groundes and medowes that are Sium Nasturtium aquaticum Great Watercresse Sisymbrium alterum cardamine Small watercresse ouerwhelmed and drenched with water in the winter season also in standing waters and diches †The Tyme The great watercresse flowreth in Iuly and August The lesser flowreth in May and almost vntil the ende of sommer †The Names The first kinde is called in high Douche Braun Kersz in base Almaigne waterkersse in Shoppes also Nasturtium aquaticum and seemeth very wel to be that Sium of the which Cratenas maketh mention in English Water Kars and Water Cresse The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sisymbrium alterum cardamine of some also Sium in Frenche Passerage sauuage or Petit Cresson aquatique in high Douch Gauchblum wilder Kresz and Wisen Kresz in base Almaigne Coeckoecxbloemen and Cleyn Waterkersse of the Herboristes Flos cuculi of some Nasturtium aquaticum in Englishe the lesser Watercresse and Coccow flowers This is no Iberis as some haue deemed it †The Nature These two herbes are hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Water Cresse is good to be eaten in Salade either by it selfe or with other herbes for it causeth one to make water it breaketh and bringeth foorth the grauel and stone and is good for suche as haue the strangurie and agaynst all stoppinges of the kidneyes and bladder The lesser watercresse taketh away spottes and freckles from the face and al such blemishes if it be laid therto in the euening taken away in the morning The wilde Passerage boyled in lye driueth away lyce if the head or place where they be are washed therwithall The kine feeding where as store of the wild Passerage or Coccow flowers growe giue very good milke wherewithal is made excellent sweete butter Of winter Cresses Chap. lxi †The Description THIS herbe hath greene grosse leaues broade smooth and somewhat round not muche vnlyke the leaues of Smallage or garden Rape but greater and larger thē Smallage leaues The stalkes be rounde full of branches aboue bringing forth many litle yellow flowers and after them long rounde coddes wherin is enclosed a litle seede The roote is thicke and long †The Place This herbe groweth in the feeldeg somtime also in gardens of potherbes places not toyled or husbanded †The Tyme This herbe is greene most commonly all the winter but it flowreth seedeth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is called in Douche S. Barbarakraut and according to the same in Latine Sanctae Barbarę herba we haue named it Barbaraea the Frenchmen Herbe de S. Barbe in some places of Brabant they call it Steencruyt bycause it is good against the stone and grauel in Holland and other places Winterkersse bycause they do vse to eate of it in the winter time in salades in steede of Cresses therefore it is called Nasturtium or Cardamum hybernum This seemeth to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudobunium of Dioscorides for surely this is not Sideritis latifolia or Scopa regia as some do take it Herbe Sainbarbe Pseudobunium Barbaraea †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Herbe S. Barbe is a good herbe for salade and is vsed in the winter season for Salades like Cresses for the whiche purpose it doth aswell as Cresses or Rockat It doth mundifie and clense corrupt woundes and vlcers and consumeth dead flesh that groweth to fast being either layde thereto or the iuyce thereof dropped in Also it is certaynely proued by experience that the seede of this herbe causeth one to make water driueth forth grauel and cureth the strangurie which vertues be lykewise attributed to Pseudobunium Of Thlaspi Chap. lxij ¶ The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of wilde Cresse or Thlaspi the which are not muche vnlyke one another nor vnlyke cresse in taste Thlaspi The first kinde of Thlaspi Thlaspi alterum The seconde kinde of Thlaspi or treacle Mustarde †The Description THE first kinde of Thlaspi hath long narrowe leaues The stemmes be hard and pliant or tough of a foote and a halfe long vpon which grow litle branches bringing foorth smal white flowers and afterward flat huskes and round with a certayne clouen brim or edge all aboue at the vpmost part of eache huske which chappe or clift causeth the huske to resemble the hart of a man within the sayde huskes is founde small seede the whiche is rounde eger and burning the mouth and in the ende it tasteth and smacketh of garlike or onyons and is of a brownish colour The seconde kinde hath long leaues and meetely large longer and broader then the first iagged or cut about the edges The stalkes be round of a foote long diuided into sundry smal branches vpon which grow smal huskes almost lyke the seede of Shepheardes pouche within which huskes is likewise found a sharpe biting seede The thirde kinde of Thlaspi hath smaller stalkes and leaues then the aforesaid and hath more smal slender branches vpon which grow flowers and seede lyke to the other but altogither smaller The fourth kinde hath long small rough white greene leaues the stalkes be of a wooddy substance round and tough or pliant vpō the same grow smal white flowers the whiche past it bringeth foorth broade huskes or seede vessels hauing a brownishe kinde of seede very hoate in taste lyke to the seede of Cressis ¶ The Place These herbes do grow in feeldes and all alongst the same in vntoyled places about wayes there is store growing togither the one kinde in one place and the other in another †The Tyme These herbes doo flower and are in seede at sommer from Maye to August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thlaspi Capsella and Scandulaceum of some also Myitis Bytron Dasmophon Myopteron in high Douche Wilder Cresz in Frenche Seneue sauuage in base Almaigne Wilde Kersse it may be also called in Englishe Thlaspi The first kinde is the right Thlaspi of Dioscorides and is called in base Almaigne Visselcruyt and of some in Latine Scordothlaspi that is to say Garlikethlaspi Thlaspi minus Besom grasse The second kind is called of the later writers Nasturtium rusticum Sinapi rusticum in high Douche Baurn seuff or Baurn Kresz the neather Douchmen in folowing the same call it Boeren mostaert or Boeren kersse that is to say
slender stalkes creeping by the grounde vpon euery side whereof groweth small rounde leaues and somewhat large almost like to a pēny The floures be yellow almost lyke to gold cuppes The roote is smal and tender †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medows about ditches watercourses in Copses that stand lowe †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in May and continueth flouring all the Somer Nummularia †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Nūmularia Centummorbia of some Serpentaria and also Lunaria grassula in English Herbe two pence two penny grasse and Monyworte in Frēch Herbe à cent maladies in high Douch Pfenningkraut Egelkraut clein Naterkraut in base Almaigne Pēninckruyt Eghelcruyt †The Nature Two penny grasse is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The later wryters do say that if this herbe be boyled in wyne and dronken with Hony that it healeth and cureth the woundes and hurtes of the Lunges that it is good against the Cough but specially against the dāgerous Cough in yong children to be taken as is afore sayde Wilde Flaxe / or Tode Flaxe Chap. liiij Linaria Osyris †The Description STanworte wilde flaxe or Tode flax hath small slender blackish stalkes out of which groweth many leaues togither long and narrow much like to the leaues of Lyn. The floures be yellow large close before like to a frogges mouth and narrow behinde croked like to Larkes spurre or Larkes clawe The seede is large and blacke conteyned in small rounde huskes the whiche commeth forth after the falling of of the floure There is an other kinde of this herbe the which is not common and it beareth fayre blewe floures in all other things lyke to the other sauing that his stalkes floures and leaues are smaller and tenderer but yet it groweth vp to a higher stature To these kindes of wilde Flaxe or Linarie it were not amisse to ioyne that herbe which is called in Italy Beluedere This plante hath diuers small shutes or scourges bearing small narrow leaues almost like to the leaues of Flaxe the fluores be small and of a grasse colour and do grow at the toppe of the stalkes †The Place They grow wilde in vntilled places about hedges the borders of fieldes Osyris groweth in many places of Italy and Lombardie †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names This herb is called in Shoppes Linaria and of some Pseudolinum and Vrinalis in English Tode flaxe and wilde flaxe in French Linaire or Lin sauuage in high Douch Lynkraut Flaschkraut Harnkraut vnser frawen Flasch wild Flasch krotten flasch in base Almaigne Wildt vlas The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Osyris but in this our age it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as we haue sayde it is called in Italy Beluedere in English Stanneworte †The Nature Stanworte is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Osyris or Tode flaxe dronken openeth the old cold stoppings of the Liuer Milte is singuler good for such as haue the Iaunders without Feuers especially whan the Iaunders is of long continuance The same doth also prouoke vrine and is a singuler medicine for suche as can not pisse but droppe after droppe and against the stoppings of the kidneys and Bladder Of Shepherds purse Chap. lv †The Description BVrsa Pastoris hath round tough and pliable braunches of a foote long with long leaues depely cut or iagged like the leaues of Seneuy but much smaller The floures are white grow alongst by the stalkes in place whereof whan they are gone there riseth small flatte Coddes or triangled pouches wherein the seede is conteyned whiche is small and blacke The roote is long white and single †The Place Sheepeherds pouche groweth in streates and wayes in rough stonie and vntilled places †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iune and Iuly Pastoria bursa †The Names This herbe hath neither Greeke nor Latine name giuen to him of the Ancient writers but the later writers haue called it in Latine Pastoria bursa Pera Bursa pastoris in English Shepherds purse Scrippe or Pouche and of some Casseweede in Frēch Labouret or Bourse de bergers in high Douch Desthelkraut and Hirten sechel in base Almaigne Teskens or Borsekens cruyt †The Nature It is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Shepherdes purse dronken stoppeth the laske the bloudy flixe the spitting and pissing of bloud womens termes and all other fluxe of bloud howsoeuer it be taken for whiche it is so excellent that some write of it saying that it will stanche bloud if it be but only holden in the hande or carried about the body Of Cinquefoyle / or Fiue fingar grasse Chap. lvi †The Kyndes THere are foure sortes of Pentaphyllon or Cinquefoyle two kindes therof beareth yellow floures wherof the one is great the other smal The third kinde beareth white floures and the fourth kinde redde floures all are like one an other in leaues and fasshion Pentaphyllon luteum maius Yellow Cinquefoyle the greater Pentaphyllon luteum minus Yellow Cinquefoyle the lesser †The Description THe great yellow Cinquefoyle hath rounde tender stalkes creeping by the ground and running abroade like the stalkes or branches of wilde Tansie and taking holde in diuers places of the ground vpon whiche slender branches groweth long leaues snipt or dented round about the edges alwaies fiue growing togither vpon a stem or at the ende of a stem The floures be yellow and parted into fiue leaues The which whan they are vanisshed do turne into smal round and harde bearies like Strawberies in which groweth the seede The roote is blackish long and slender The small yellow Cinquefoyle is much like the other in his leaues creeping vpon the ground also in his stalkes floures and seede sauing that it is a greate deale smaller and doth not lightly take holdfast cleaue to the ground as the other doth The leaues are smaller then the others and of a whitish colour vnderneth next to the grounde Pentaphyllon album White Cinquefoyle Pentaphyllon Rubrum Redde Cinquefoyle The white Cinquefoyle is like the great yellow Cinquefoyle in his small and slender branches creeping by the grounde and in his leaues diuided into fiue partes but that his stalkes or branches be rough The leaues be long and not snipt or dented rounde about but before onely The floures be white and the roote is not single but hath diuers other small rootes hanging by The redde Cinquefoyle also is somewhat like to the others especially like the great yellow kinde The leaues be also parted in fiue leaues and nicte or snipte round about the whiche are whitish vnderneth and of aswarte greene colour aboue The stalke is of a spanne or foote long of colour browne or reddishe with certayne ioyntes or knots but not hearie
riuer of Reene In this countrey they sow it in gardens The other three kindes groweth in this countrey in sandy groundes about dry Diches and in certayne moyst places and in wooddes †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iune and Iuly Cotton weede floureth often and againe in August †The Names The firste kinde of these herbes is called of Theophrastus in his nienth Booke and .xxj. Chapter in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine of Theodore Gaza Aurelia And of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ageratum in Shoppes Sticas citrina and Sticados citrinum Of some Tinearea and Amaranthus Luteus in English Golde floure Motheworte or Golden Stechados and of Turner Golden Floureamor in high Douch Rheinblumen Mottenblumen Mottenkraut in base Almaigne Rheynbloemen and Rhijnbloemen There is yet an other herbe descrybed by Dioscorides called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elichrysum and Amaranthus the whiche is nothing like to Sticas citrina For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eliochryson of Theophrastus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elychryson of Dioscorides are two seuerall herbes And therefore they are greatly deceyued that thinke Sticas citrina to be the Elichryson of Dioscorides The other three are all called at this tyme by one name in Latine Filago in Spanish Yerua Golandrina in high Douch Rhurkraut in base Almaigne Rhuercruyt or Root melizoen cruyt that is to say Bloudy Flixeworte The first of these three is called of Plinie Herba impia bycause that his last floures do surmount and grow higher than the first Some would haue these three herbes to be that whiche the Gretians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latinistes Centunculum Centuncularis and Tomentitia but yet their iudgement is not right as it shall appeare in the Chapter nexte following †The Nature These herbes be of a drying nature The Golde floure or golden Staechas is hoate also as it may be perceyued by his bitternesse ⧠The Vertues Golden Staechas boyled in wine and dronken killeth wormes and bringeth them forth and is good agaynst the bytings and stingins of venemouse beastes The same boyled in lye clenseth the heare from Lyce and Nittes The same layde in Warderoobes and Presses keepeth apparell and garments from Mothes Of Gnaphalion / or Small Cotton Chap. lxij †The Description GNaphalion is a base or low herbe with many slender softe branches and small leaues couered all ouer which a certaine white cotton or fine wooll and very thicke so that ye would say it were all wooll or Cotton The floures be yellow growe like buttons at the top of the stalkes as ye may perceyue by the figure †The Place This herbe groweth no where but by the sea coast there is plenty of it in Languedock and Prouince †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gnaphalium Cētunculus Centuncularis Tucularis Albinum of some Gelafo Anaphalis Anaxiton Hires and Tomentitia Also Bombax humilis in English of Turner Cudweed Chafeweed Cartaphilago It may be called also Pety Cotton or small Bōbase in Frēch Petit Coton l'herbe borreuse or Cotoniere Pena in his Stirp Aduers noua calleth it Chamaezylon Gnaphalium †The Nature Gnaphalion is dry and astringent †The Vertues The leaues of Gnaphalion boyled in thicke red wine are good against the blouddy flixe as Dioscorides and Galen doth witnesse Of Plantayne or Waybrede Chap .lxiij. †The Kyndes THere is found in this coūtrey of three sortes of Plantayne great plenty bysides whiche there is yet an other founde which groweth in salte grounde all whiche in figure do partely resemble one an other †The Description THe great Plantayne hath great large leaues almost like to a Beete leaffe with seuen ribbes behinde on the backeside which do al assemble meete togither at the ende of the leafe next the roote The stemmes be round of the heigth of a foote or more sometimes of a reddissh colour and comming vp from the roote in the middell amongst the leaues the which stalkes or stēmes from the middle vpwarde towardes the toppe are couered rounde about with small knoppes or heads whiche first of all do turne into small floures and afterward into smal huskes conteyning a blackish seede like to a Spike eare or a little Torche The roote is shorte white and of the thickenesse of a fingar hauing many white hearie threedes Of this kinde there is founde an other the Spikes eares or torches wherof are very dubble so as in euery Spyky eare in steede of the little knappes or heades it bringeth forth a number of other smal torches wherof eche one is lyke to the spike or torch of great Plantayne Plantago maior Great Plantayne Plantago media Middle Plantayne The seconde kinde of Plantayne is like to the first sauing that his leaues be narrower smaller and somewhat hearie The stalkes be round and somewhat cottony or hearie and bringeth foorth at the toppe spiked knoppes or torches a great deale shorter than the first Plantayne the blowings of it are purple in white The roote is white and longer than the firste The thirde kinde of Plantayne is smaller than the seconde The leaues be long and narrow with ribbes like the leaues of the other Plātayne of a darke greene colour with small points or purles set here and there alongst the edges of the leaues The stalkes be crested or straked and beare at the toppe fayre spiked knappes with white floures or blossoms like the spykie knoppes of the middle Plantayne The roote is shorte and very full of threedy strings The Sea Plantayne is narrower it hath long leaues very narrow and thicke the stalkes be of a spanne long full of small graynes or knops from the middle euen vp to the top much like to the torche of the great Plantayne The roote is also threddy †The Place The three first Plantaynes grow almost euery where in this countrey in pastures and leases about wayes and moyst places Plantago minor Small Plantayne Ribworte Plantago marina Sea Plantayne The Sea Plantayne groweth in salt groundes vpon the bankes and borders of salte water streames as in Zealand Barowgh in great plenty by the water Zoom †The Tyme The Plantaynes do floure most commonly in this countrey in the moneths of Iune and Iuly The seede is ripe in August †The Names Plantayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Lingua Agnina Lammes tungue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shops Plantago in Italian Plantagine in Spanish Tamchagen Lengua de oueja in English Plantayne in high Douch Wegrich or Schaffzungen in base Almaigne Wechbree The first kinde is now called in Latine Plantago maior and Plantago rubra in English Great Plantayne in French Grand Plantaine in high Douch Roter Wegrich in base Almaigne Roode wechbree The second kind is called in Latine Plantago media in Frēch Plantain moien in English Middle
leaues of commō Buglosse but much greater and blacker The floures be rounde and hollow like little belles most commonly white and sometimes reddish The roote is blacke without and white within very clammy or slimie to touche †The Place Comfrey groweth alongst by diches and in moyst places †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Symphytū magnum Solidago in Shoppes Consolida maior in Italian Consolida maggiore in Spanish Suelda mayor Consuelda mayor in English Comfrey and Comferie in Frēch Consyre in high Douch Walwurtz grosz Beinwel in base Almaigne Waelwortel †The Nature Comfrey is hoate and dry in the second degree Symphytum magnum †The Vertues The rootes of Comfrey pound and dronken are good for them that spitte bloud and healeth all inwarde woundes and burstings The same also beyng brused and layde to in manner of a playster do heale all greene and fresshe woundes and are so glutinatiue that if it be sodde with chopte or minsed meate it wil reioyne and bring it all togither againe into one masse or lumpe The rootes of Comferie boyled and dronken do clense the breast from flegmes and cureth the grieffes or hurtes of the Lunges They haue the lyke vertue being mengled with sugar syropes or Honny to be often taken into the mouth or licked The same with the leaues of Grounswell are good to be layde vpon all hoate tumors or inflammations especially to the inflammations of the fundament or siege The same also are good to be pounde layde vpon burstings or ruptures ¶ The ende of the first parte of Dodonęus Herball ⧠The seconde parte of the Historie of Plantes / intreating of the differences / proportions / names / properties and vertues of pleasant and sweete smelling floures herbes and seedes and suche like Written by that famous D. Rembertus Dodoneus now Physition to the Emperour Of Marche Violets Chap. i. †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Violets the garden and the wilde Violet The Garden violets are of a fayre darke or shining deepe blewe colour and a very pleasant and amiable smell The wilde Violets are without sauour and of a fainte blewe or pale colour †The Description The sweete Garden or Marche violet creepeth alongst the ground like the Strawberie plante fastening it selfe and taking roote in diuers places his leaues be rounde and blackish like to Iuye leaues sauing they be smaller rounder and tenderer emongst the whiche leaues there springeth vp fayre pleasant floures of a darke blew colour eache floure growing alone by him selfe vpon a little small and tender stemme The floures are diuided into fiue small leaues wherof the middle of the floures with the tippes or poynted endes of the leaues are speckled or spotted with a certayne reddish yellow After the floures there appeareth round bullets or huskes full of seede the whiche being ripe do open and diuide themselues into three partes the roote is tender of threddish strings Viola Nigra The blacke or purple Violet Of this sorte there is an other kinde planted in gardens whose floures are very double and full of leaues There is also a thirde kinde bearing floures as white as snow And also a fourth kinde but not very common whose floures be of a darke Crymsen or old reddish purple colour in all other poyntes like to the first as in his leaues seede and growing The wilde is like to the garden Violet but that his leaues are far smaller his floures are somwhat greater but much paler yea sometimes almost white and without sauour ⧠The Place The sweete garden Violet groweth vnder hedges and about the borders of fieldes and pastures in good ground and fertyle soyle and it is also set and planted in gardens The wilde kinde whiche is without smell groweth in the borders of dry leane and barren fieldes The garden violet floureth in Marche and Aprill The wilde also doth floure in Aprill and afterwardes †The Names The sweete Violet is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Viola nigra Viola purpurea of Virgil Vaccinium in Shoppes Viola in English Violets the garden Violet the sweete Violet and the Marche violet in Italian Viola porporea and Viola mammola in Spanish Violetas in Frenche Violette de Mars ou de quaresme in high Douch Blauw veiel or Mertzen violen in base Almaigne Violetten the Violet plante or herbe is called in Shoppes Violaria and Mater violarum †The cause of the Greeke name The sweete Violet as the Emperour Constantine wryteth was called in Greeke Ion after the name of that sweete guirle or pleasant damosell Io which Iupiter after that he had gotte her with childe turned her into a trim Heaffer or gallant Cowe bycause that his wife Iuno beyng bothe an angry and Ielous Goddesse should not suspect that he loued Ion. In the honour of which his Io as also for her more delicate and holsome feeding the earth at the commaundement of Iupiter brought foorth Violettes the whiche after the name of his welbeloued Io he called in Greeke Ion and therefore they are also called in Latine as some do wryte Violae quasi vitulae Vaccinia Nicander wryteth that the name of Ion was giuen vnto Violettes bycause of the Nymphes of Ionia who firste of all presented Iupiter with these kindes of floures †The Nature or Temperament Violets are colde in the first degree and moyst in the second †The Vertues The Decoction of Violets is good against hoate feuers and the inflammation of the Liuer and all other inwarde partes driuing forth by siege the hoate and cholerique humors The like propertie hath the iuyce syrupe or conserue of the same The syrupe of Violets is good against the inflammation of the lunges and breast and against the Pleurisie and cough and also against feuers or Agues but especially in yong children The same Syrupe cureth all inflammations and roughnesse of the throte if it be much kept or often holden in the mouth The sugar of violets and also the conserue and iuyce bringeth the same to passe That yellow whiche is in the middest of the floures boyled in water is good to be gargled in the throte agaynst the squinancie or swelling in the throte it is also good to be dronken agaynst the falling sickenesse in yong children Violets pounde and layde to the head alone or mengled with oyle remoueth the extreame heate swageth head-ache prouoketh sleepe and moysteneth the brayne it is good therefore against the drynesse of the head against melancholy and dulnesse or heauinesse of Spirite Violets brused or stamped with barlie meale are good to be layde vpon phlegmons that is to say hoate unpostumes or carbuncles and they heale the inflammation and paine of the eyes also the hoate vlcers and the inflammation that commeth with the falling downe of the fundament The seede of Violettes dronken with wine or water is good agaynst the
are of a very sweete and pleasant sauour The second is somewhat lyke to the aforesayd but his leaues be larger and thicker and they lye strowen or spread vpon the grounde The flowers be also greater and doo stande further apart or asunder one from another of colour somwhat white The round or Bulbus roote also for his quantitie is greater The third his leaues also are longer and broder than the abouesayd much like vnto Leeke blades the stalke of a foote long carying many small holowe flowers growing so thicke about the top that they shewe like a brush or holy-water sprinckle at the first of a faire violet colour but when they beginne to wither of a decayed or olde worne color sometimes but very seldome white Finally the round and bulbus roote of this kind of Hyacinthe is greater and of colour somewhat red or purple without The fourth whiche is called Hyacinthus Autumnalis is the least of these Hyacinthes yea it is lesse then the first it hath litle narrowe small and tender leaues and small slender stemmes of halfe a span long at the whiche growe very smal flowers of a cleare azure or skie colour and fashioned when they are open like litle starres with certayne fine small and short threddes growing in the middest of them The seede is inclosed in a smal triangled huske The roote is smal yet of the fashion of an Onyon or Bulbus The last of al which is described of Fuchsius amongst the Hyacinthes hath sometimes two and sometimes three small leaues amongst whiche there springeth vp a a little stemme bearing fiue or sixe or mo flowers at the very toppe euery one of them growing vpon a small stalke by it selfe eche flower hath sixe smal leaues fashioned lyke a starre when they are spread abrode and open of a skie colour and sometimes white After these folow rounde knoppes wherein the seede is conteyned The rootes are small and Bulbus fashioned like the rest and lyke vnto litle Onyons but lesse †The Place The first kind of these base Hyacinthes do grow in the woods of Artoys that are next to the lowe Countrie of Germanie in moyst wet and lowe groundes and they be also often set and planted in gardens whereof the blew sort is meetely common but the white are geason and rare to be founde Hyacinthus Autumnalis The seconde and thirde do also grow in suche lyke places of Italy and Germanie The fourth sort doth growe in Fraunce especially neare about Paris The fifth is meetely common in Germanie it delighteth most in good fatte groundes but especially in pastures and vntoyled places †The Time The flowers of the first kinde do shewe bytimes as in Marche or before if the weather be milde and surely one kinde of these flowers especially that with the perfect azure or deepe colour putteth foorth his leaues before winter and the rest assoone as winter is gone The seconde and thirde do flower afterwarde The fourth flowreth last of all at the ende of sommer and beginning of Autumne The last flowreth bytimes as in Marche or Februarie †The Names Hyacinthus Fuchsij bifolius Hyacinthus Fuchsij trifolius The seconde is aso in the number Bulborum esculentorum And so is the thirde also whiche seemeth to be Bulbina in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in high Douche it is called Breunling of some Honds Knoblauch in English Dogges Leekes and bushe or tufte Hyacinthe The fourth kinde of bastarde Hyacinthe is nowe called in Latine Hyacinthus Autumnalis in English Autumne Hyacinthe The fifth Hyacinthe described of Fuchsius is called in Douche Mertzelblumen and Hoornungblum in Englishe Our Ladyes flower †The Nature and Vertues These bastarde Hyacinthes are not vsed in medicine and therfore of their nature and vertues is nothing written They are planted in gardens onely for their flowers Of Narcissus Chap. l. †The Kindes FIrst of all there are two very faire and beautifull kindes of Narcissus one with a Crimsin or red purple circle in the middle of the flower the other hauing a yellow circle or as it were a Crownet or cup in the middle of the flower †The Description Narcissus medio purpureus Narcissus with the purple edged circle in the middle Narcissus medio luteus primus Narcissus with the yellowe garlande or crownet in the middle The other Narcissus with the yellow cup or circle in the middle his blades be somewhat longer and broader and not althing so greene as the first his stalkes be longer and thicker and vppon euery of them three or foure flowers lyke vnto the first sauing they be all yellowe in the middle There is also a kinde of Narcissus that is also yellow in the middle and it beareth a great many mo flowers smaller then they before described And also another sorte whiche beareth double flowers Moreouer there be other sortes of Narcissus found whose garland or circle in the middle of the flowers is white but these be very rare and daintie †The Place The two first kindes grow plentifully in diuers places of Fraunce as Burgundie and Languedoc in medowes but in this Countrie they growe not at al sauing in gardens whereas they are so wen or planted †The Tyme Al the Narcissus for the most part do flower in Aprill sauing one of the first kindes is somwhat rather and there is another whiche flowreth not vntill the beginning of May. †The Names These pleasant flowers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Narcissus of some as witnesseth Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bulbus vomitorius and Anydros vnknowen in shoppes in Englishe Narcissus white Daffodill Primerose pierelesse in high Douch of some Narcissen Roszlin in base Almaigne Narcissen and Spaensche Iennettekens †The cause of the Name These flowers tooke their name of the noble youth Narcissus who being often required and much desyred of many braue Ladies bycause of his passing beautie he regarded them not wherfore being desyrous to be deliuered frō their importunate sutes and requestes he went a hunting and being thirstie came to a fountaine in which when he would haue dronken sawe his owne fauour and passing beautie the whiche before that time he had neuer seene and thinking it had bene one of the amorus Ladyes that loued him he was so rapt with the loue of him self that he desyred to kisse and embrace him self and when he cold not take hold of his owne shadow or figure he dyed at last by extreme force of loue In whose honour and perpetuall remembrance the earth as the Poetes fayne brought foorth this delectable and sweete smelling flower Narcissus medio luteus alter ¶ The Nature Narcissus but especially his roote is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The rooote of Narcissus boyled rosted or otherwayes taken in meate or drinke causeth one to haue a desire to vomite The same pounde with a little honie is good to be layde vnto burninges it cureth the sinewes that be hurt
Thistell seede The roote is great and thicke with many other smal rootes buddes vneueÌ„ly adioyning and couered with a thicke rinde or barke of a browne earthly colour without but most commonly white within is not very stroÌ„g or ranke of sauor whan it is fresh and greene but whan it is drye it is very aromaticall and hath in it a certayne fat and Oylie moysture or substance Helenium The seconde Helenium whereof Dioscorides writeth is vnknowen to vs it hath tender branches creeping alongst the grounde beset with many leaues like the pulse lentilles The roote is whitish thicke as ones little finger large aboue and narrow downewardes †The Place Elecampane delighteth in good fertill soyle as in valleyes and medowes it is also founde in hilles and shadowie wooddes but not commonly in drye groundes It is very common in England Flaunders and Brabant and very well knowen in all places The second groweth in places adioyning to the Sea and vpon litle hilles †The Tyme Elecampane flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is ripe in August The best time to gather the roote is at the ende of September whan it hath lost his stalkes and leaues †The Names This herbe is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Inula and Enula in Shoppes Enula Campana of some Panaces chironion or Panaces centaurion in Englishe Elecampane Scabworte and Horseheele in Frenche Enula Campana in Germanie Alantwurtz in base Almaigne Alantwortel and Galantwortel in Italian Enoa and Enola in Spanishe Raiz delalla The seconde kinde is called Helenium Aegyptiacum but yet vnknowen to men of this tyme. †The Nature Elecampane being yet greene hath a superfluous moysture whiche ought first to be consumed before it be occupied But that moysture being dryed vp it is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The decoction of Elecampane dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers and is good for them that are greeued with inwarde burstinges or haue any member drawen togyther or shronke The roote taken with hony in an Electuarie clenseth the brest ripeth tough fleme and maketh it easie to be spet out and is good for the cough and shortnesse of breath The same made in powder and dronke is good agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes and agaynst windinesse and blastinges of inwarde partes A Confiture made of the sayde roote is very wholesome for the stomacke and helpeth digestion The leaues boyled in wine and layde to the place of the Sciatica swageth the payne of the same Of Spicknel Mewe / or Meon Chap. xv Matthiolus figure is almost lyke the first kinde of Libanotidis as Turner and he writeth is called in Douche Bearewortes or Hartes wortes †The Description MEon of Dioscorides is described amongst the rootes wherefore we haue none other knowledge of the fashion of the same but as our Auncientes haue left it vs in writing This haue I sayde to the intent that men may knowe that those herbes which the Apothecaries and others do vse at this day in Physike are not the true Meon whiche we shoulde not tell howe to knowe if that men coulde not finde the fashion and nature of the right Meon described Meon according to Dioscorides is lyke to Dyll in stalkes and leaues but it is thicker and of the heigth of two cubites or three foote The rootes are long small well smelling and chafing or heating the tongue and they are scattering here and there some right and some awry †The Place New groweth plenteously in in Macedonia and Spayne †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine MeuÌ„ in shoppes Mew which do but only keepe the name for the true Meon is yet vnknoweÌ„ but the Apothecaries do vse in the steede therof a kinde of wilde Parcelie the which is described in the fifth part of our history of plantes it hath no agreement or lykenesse with the description of Meon wherfore it can not be Meon †The Nature The roote of Meon is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The rootes of Meum boyled in water or onely soked in water and dronke doth mightily open the stoppinges of the kidneyes bladder they prouoke vrine ease and helpe the strangurie and they consume all windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke The same takeÌ„ with hony do appease the paynes and gripinges of the belly are good for the affections of the mother podagres and aches of ioyntes and against al Catarrhes Phlegmes falling down vpon the breast If wemen sit ouer the decoction therof it bringeth downe their sicknesse The same layde vpon the lowest part of the belly of young children wyll cause them to pisse and make water Meum Meon †The Daunger If to muche of the roote of this herbe be dronken it causeth head ache Of Peonie Chap. xvi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Peonie as Dioscorides and the Auncientes write that is to say the male and female †The Description MAle Poeonie hath thicke redde stalkes of a Cubite long the leaues be great and large made of diuers leaues growing or ioyned togither not muche vnlyke the Walnut tree leafe in fashion and greatnesse at the hyghest of the stalke there groweth fayre large red flowers very well lyke red roses hauing also in the middes yellow threddes or heares After the falling away of the leaues there groweth vp great coddes or huskes three or foure togyther the whiche do open whan they be ripe in the opening whereof there is to be seene a faire red coloured lining and a pollished blacke shining seede full of white substance The rootes be white long small and well smelling The female Peonie at his first springing vp hath also his stalkes redde and thicke the leaues be also large and great but diuided into more partes almost like the leaues of Angelica louage or Marche The flowers in like manner be great and red but yet lesser and paler then the flowers of the male kinde The coddes and seede are like the other In these rootes are diuers knobbes or knottes as great as Acornes Yet haue you another kinde of Peonie the which is like the second kinde but his flowers and leaues are much smaller and the stalkes shorter the whiche some call Mayden or Virgin Peonie although it beareth red flowers and seede lyke the other †The Place The kindes of Peonies are founde planted in the gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Peonie flowreth at the beginning of May and deliuereth his seede in Iune †The Names Peonie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Poeonia of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcisida and Idaeus Dactylus of Apuleius Aglaophotis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Herba casta in shoppes Pionia in high Douche Peonien blum PeonieÌ„ rosen Gichtwurtz Runigzblum Pfingstrosen in base Almaigne Pioene and Pioenbloemen and in some places of Flaunders Mastbloemen â€
then the leaues of Iuye The flowers do growe amongst the leaues in taste bitter and of a purple colour †The Place Grounde Iuye is very common in all this Countrie and groweth in many gardens and shadowie moyst places †The Tyme It flowreth from Aprill vnto the ende of sommer and continueth greene the most part of all the yere †The Names This herbe is called of men in these dayes in Latine Hedera terrestris and Corona terrae and by this name it is knowen of the Apothecaries It is called in Frenche Lyarre or Lierre terrestre in high Douche Gundelreb and Grundreb in base Almaigne Onderhaue And this herbe hath ben long tyme taken for that which is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaecissus but as I do thinke it is better like 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for whiche it is taken of some Hedera terrestris officinarum †The Nature Grounde Iuye is hoate and drie †The Vertues Grounde Iuie brused and put into the eares taketh away the humming noyse or ringing sounde of the same And is good for suche as are harde of hearing Of Woodbine or Honysuckle Chap. li. Periclymenum Woodbine or Honysuckce Periclymeni tertia species The thirde kinde of Periclymenum †The Description WOodbine or Honysuckle hath many small branches whereby it windeth and wrappeth it selfe about trees and hedges vpon the sayde branches grow long leaues and tender white vpon the one syde on the other side of a bleake or faint colour betwixt white and greene at the end of the branches grow the flowers in tuftes lyke nosegayes of a pleasant colour and sweete sauour betwixt white and yellow or pale and purple long holow almost like the little bags of Colombine After the flowers come rounde beries which are as red as Corall when they be ripe The roote is of a wooddy substance There is yet another kinde the whiche bringeth foorth leaues standing directly one agaynst the other and so closed or ioyned togither that the stalkes passe through them but in all other poyntes meetely well like to the aforesayd kinde Byside these two sortes of Honysuckle or Woodbine there is yet another in leaues lyke the first the whiche kinde doth not wrap nor winde it selfe about trees and hedges as the other sortes do but groweth and standeth vpright of it self without the helpe of winding branches or clinging claspers The flowers are white muche smaller then the other sorte of flowers in figure somewhat long conteyning within them many small threddes and they growe euer two and two togither by couples and no moe vpon a stemme amongst the leaues and branches the whiche being gone past there grow vp two round beries eyther red or browne when they be ripe †The Place Woodbine groweth in all this Countrie in hedges about inclosed feeldes and amongst broome or firres It is founde also in woodes especially the two last recited kindes The third kind groweth in many places of Sauoye and in the Countrie of the Swysers †The Tyme Woodbine flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is rype in August and September †The Names This herbe or kinde of Bindeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aegina Carpathon Spleniō Epaetitis Clematitis and Calycanthemon in Latine Volucrum maius Periclymenum and Syluae mater of the Apothecaries Caprifolium and Mater Sylua and of some Lilium inter spinas in French Cheurefueille in high Almaigne Geiszbladt Speckgilgen Zeunling and Waldgilgen in base Almaigne Gheytenbladt and Mammekens cruyt in Englishe Honysuckle or Woodbine and of some Caprifoyle The thirde kinde is called in high Douchlande Hundtszkirschen that is to say Dogges Cherries ¶ The Nature Woodbine is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree †The Vertues The fruit of Honysuckle dronken in wine by the space of fourtie dayes doth heale the stopping and hardenesse of the Melt or Splene by consuming of the same and making it lesse And purgeth by vrine the corrupt and euil humours so strongly that after the dayly vse thereof by the space of sixe or ten dayes togither it will cause the vrine to be red and blooddy It is good for such as be troubled with shortnes of breath for them that haue any dangerous cough moreouer it helpeth women that are in trauell of child and drieth vp the natural seede of man to be taken in manner abouesayd The leaues haue the lyke vertue as the fruite hath as Dioscorides sayth Moreouer it keepeth backe the brusinges which are wonte to come at the beginning of Agues when the sayd leaues are sodden in oyle and pound or stamped very smal and the backe or ridge be annoynted therewithal before or at the first comming of the fittes of the Ague The same healeth woundes and corrupt moyst vlcers and taketh away the spottes and scarres of the body and face ⧠The Danger The leaues and fruit of Woodbine are very hurtfull to women with child and altogither contrarie Of smothe Bindweede / or Withiwinde Chap. lij †The Kyndes TThere be two sortes of Bindeweede or withywinde the one bearing a blewe flower the other a white whereof one is great the other small The greater kind windeth it selfe about hedges and trees the lesser most commonly trayleth vpon the grounde Smilax lenis maior Gentle Withiwinde the great Smilax lenis minor Chamaecissus Gentle Withiwinde the smal †The Description THE blewe Withiwinde hath slender branches and small by whiche it clymbeth vp and wrappeth or windeth it selfe about trees and poles The leaues be large and cornered lyke to the olde leaues of Iuye sauing that they be not so harde The flowers are fashioned like belles blewe and holowe the seede is blacke and almost three square lying in knoppes or huskes after the same manner as the seede of the white Bindeweede The great white Bindeweede or soft withiwinde hath lykewise stalkes and branches small and tender whereby it windeth it selfe about trees and hedges lyke the hoppe Vpon the same branches grow tender and soft leaues greene and smothe almost like the leaues of Iuye but muche smaller and tenderer The flowers be great white and hollowe in proportion like to a Bell. And when they are gone there come in their steede little close knoppes or buttons which haue in them a blacke cornered or angled seede The roote is smal and white like to a sort of thicke heares creping alongst vnder the earth growing out or sending foorth new shutes in sundrie places of taste somewhat bitter and full of white iuyce or sappe The lesser white Withywinde is muche lyke to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues flowers seede and rootes sauing that in all these thinges it is muche smaller and most commonly it creepeth alongst vppon the grounde The branches are small and smooth the little leaues are tender and soft the flowers are like to litle belles of a purple or flesh colour the seede is cornered or angled as the seede of the
or Baneworte Chap. lxxvi †The Description THis herbe hath reddish stalkes holow ful of knees or ioyntes vpon the whiche growe long narrowe leaues almost lyke to the Wythie leaues but yet longer and a litle snipt or toothed round about especially those that growe lowest The flowers are yellowe as golde somwhat rough in the middle in fashion and color altogither like the flowers of golden Crowfoote Those being past it hath knops or heades like the seedie knoppes of golden Crowfoote The roote is ful of threddes or laces †The Place It groweth in moyst medowes waterie places and standing puddelles †The Tyme It flowreth in May and soone after yeeldeth his seede †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Flammula that is to say Flame or the fierie herbe bycause it is very hoate and burning like fire The Douchemen call it Egelcoolen bycause the sheepe that haue eaten of this herbe haue the disease whiche they call Egel that is to say the inflammation and blistering of the liuer I know not by what name the olde writers haue called this herbe except this be that herbe whiche Octauius Horatianus doth name Cleoma the whiche groweth also in moyst places and is of a very hoate temperament or complexion It is called in some places of Englande Sperworte it may be also called Banewort ¶ The Nature and operation It is hoate and drie in the fourth degree and burneth and blistereth the body as Ranunculus vnto which it is partly lyke in complexion and operation ⧠The Danger This herbe is hurtful both vnto man and beast for it slayeth both the one and the other The sheepe whiche do happen to eate of it are vexed with a maruelous inflammation and they dye therewith bycause their liuers are inflamed and consumed Flammula Of Herbe Paris / or One Berie Chap. lxxvij †The Description HErbe Paris hath a smoth round stalke about a span long vppon the whiche growe foure leaues set directly one agaynst another crossewise or like a Crosse amongst the sayde leaues groweth a faire starrelike flower in the middle whereof there commeth foorth a bud or knop growing harde by and square the which turneth into a browne berie The roote is long and small casting it selfe hither and thither †The Place This herbe groweth in darke shadowed wooddes as in the wood Soignie by Brussels where as it groweth abundantly †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in April and the sede is ripe in May. ¶ The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Herba Paris and of some Vua Lupina and Vua versa Herba Paris in Frenche Raisin de Renard in high Douche Wolfsbeer Einbeer in Neather Douchlande Wolfsbesie in English Herbe Paris and One berrie The Nature and Vertues The fruite and seede of this herbe are very good agaynst al poyson especicially for suche as by taking of poyson are become peeuishe or without vnderstanding insomuche that it healeth them if it be giuen euery morning by the space of twentie dayes as Baptista Sardus hath first written and after him the excellent learned man Andreas Matthiolus Of Aconitum Chap. lxxviij †The Kindes Aconit is of two sortes as Dioscorides writeth the one is named Aconitum Pardalianches that is to say Aconite that baneth or killeth Panthers The other is Aconitum Lycoctonū that is to say Aconit that killeth Woolfs whereof shal be spoken in the next Chapter †The Description THE first kinde of Aconite called Pardalianches hath three or foure leaues partly rounde and somewhat rough heared the whiche do resemble the leaues of Sowe bread or lyke the wilde Cowcumber but they be smaller The stemme groweth of the height of spanne And therevpon grow yellow flowers which when they perishe they change into wooll hearie threddes which are caried away with the wind By them hangeth blacke seede The roote is not vnlyke to a Scorpion or Tortese and is white shining like Alablaster Of this kinde there is also found an other whiche is somewhat greater The roote also is somwhat longer and more lyke to a freshwater Creauis The whiche roote is most commonly solde of the Apothecaries for Doronicum †The Place This herbe loueth shadowie and rude or wilde places and is not founde in this Countrie Aconitum Pardalianches Panther or Leopardes bane ¶ The Names This kinde of Aconit is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aconitum Pardalianches Myoctonū Theliphonum Cammorum in the Apothecaries shoppes is this roote vsed for Doronicū but it is very vnlike to the Doronicum of the Arabian maisters ⧠The Nature Aconit is hoate and drie in the fourth degree very hurtful to mans nature and killeth out of hande †The Vertues The report goeth that if this herbe or the roote thereof be layde by the Scorpion that he shall lose his force and be astonied vntill suche time as he shall happen agayne to touche or be touched with the leaues of white Elebor or Niesewort by vertue whereof he commeth to him selfe agayne ⧠The Danger Aconit taken into the body killeth Wolues Swine and all beastes both wilde and tame Of Woolfes bane / or Leopardes bane Chap. lxxix †The Kindes VVOolfes bane is of two sortes The one beareth blewe flowers and the other yellowe And of both those kindes are diuers other Lycoctonum caeruleum maius Napellus verus Blew Woolfs bane or Monkes Hoode Lycoctonum caeruleum minus †The Description THE first kinde of blewe Woolfes bane is small the leaues be splitte and somewhat parted as Leopardes bane The flowers be as litle hoodes like to the leaues of the greater Woolfes bane with three coddes folowing the same commonly togither On the hearie roote groweth as it were a litle knoppe wherewith it spreadeth it selfe abroade and multiplyeth Lycoctonum Ponticum Pontike Leopardes bayne or yellow Woolfes bayne Lycoctonum flore Delphini The great blewe Woolfs bayne hath lykewise large leaues and clouen or cut not much differing from the aforesayde but muche greater and more finely iagged and cut and in colour likewise browne The stalkes grow to the height of three or foure foote and they beare at the toppe faire blewe flowers rough within and made like a Hoode or Helmet of fiue leaues whereof the two neathermost are narrowe and straight they of eche side a little larger and the leafe that is all vpmost is great and holowe as a Cappe or Hoode couering the leaues that are by the sides In the holownesse of the sayde flower growe two small crooked heares somewhat great at the ende fashioned like a fooles bable in the middle of the sayde flowers are many smal hearie threddes at the ende of the sayde small threddes are litle prickes or poyntes turning vpon yellowe When the flowers doo fall there come in their steede three or foure huskes togither hauing a harde blacke and cornered seede The roote is thicke and blacke fashioned like a peare and hath many hearie stringes or strappes To these kindes of blewe Woolfes bayne is lykewise
accounted another purple flower the leaues be much cut the flowers grow along the stalkes and are of a violet colour of fashion like vnto a Knights Spurre with a litle taile hanging behinde the flower The coddes are as the aforesayde The rootes are ioyning three or foure togither The yellow Woolfes bayne is likewise of two sortes the one great and the other small The great yellowe Woolfes bane hath large blackishe leaues slitte and clouen almost lyke to Crowfoote but farre greater The stemmes be roundishe about two foote high or more at the toppe of those stemmes or brāches grow pale flowers almost like the flowers of wilde Lineseede after which flowers there folow small coddes conteyning a blacke and cornered seede The roote is blacke and very threddy The litle yellowe Woolfes bane is a lower herbe his leaues come foorth of the roote the whiche are deepely cut rounde about the flowers growe vpon some of the leaues and they be of a yellowe colour fashioned lyke vnto one of the Ranunculus flowers Thereafter folowe coddes like vnto the Woolfes bane The rootes be thicke and knotty as on the Anemone †The Place These venemous noughtie herbes are founde in this Countrie planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes and the blew is very common in diuers gardens The two laste kindes are founde in Almaigne other Countries in lowe valleyes and darke wooddes or wilde forestes The yellowe are also founde vpon wilde mountaynes in darke places †The Tyme These herbes do flower in April May and Iune †The Names This herbe is in called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aconitum lycoctonum and of some Luparia in Frenche Tueloup The first is called in high Douchelande Blowolfwurts Ysenhut and Bloysenhutlin in Neather Douchelande Blauw Wolfs wortele and of some Munckes capkens and therefore they call it in Latine Cucullus Monachi or Cappa Monachi that is to say The Cape or Hoode of the Monke and the second is counted of many learned men to be the right or true Napellus described of Auicen he calleth it Napellus quasi paruus Napus bycause the roote is like to a litle Rape or Nauew called in Latine Napus The yellowe is called of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lycoctonum Ponticum in Frenche Tueloup iaulne in high Douche Wolffwurtz and Gelbwolffwurtz in Neather Douchlande Geel Wolfe wortell in Englishe Yellowe Woolfes bane playne Woolfes bane and Heath Crowfoote The litle yellowe seemeth well to be that Aconitum the whiche Theophrastus hath spoken of and is nowe called of some Aconitum hyemale bycause it is preserued in the gardens of this Countrie and in the winter it flowreth †The Nature All these Leopardes or Woolfes bane are hoate and drie in the fourth degree and of a venemous qualitie ⧠The Danger Woolfes bane taken into the body inflameth the hart burneth the inwarde partes and killeth the body as it hath ben seene not long sithens in Anwarpe where as some did eate in Salade the roote of blewe Woolfes bane in steede of some other good herbe and died incontinent The kindes of Woolfes bane do not onely kill men but also Woolfes Dogges and suche other beastes if it be giuen them to eate with flesh Of Oleander / or Rose Baye Chap. lxxx †The Description OLeander is a little tree or shrub bearing leaues greater thicker and rougher then the leaues of the Almonde tree the flowers be of a fayre red colour diuided into fiue leaues and not much vnlike a litle Rose The fruite is as long as a finger full of rough hearie seede like the coddes or huskes of Asclepias called in Englishe Swallowe wort †The Place Oleander groweth in some Countries by riuers and the sea syde in pleasant places as Dioscorides writeth in this Countrie in the gardens of some Herboristes Nerium †The Tyme In this Countrie it bringeth foorth his flower in Iune †The Names This plante is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nicander calleth it also Neris in Latine Laurus rosea and Rosea arbor that is to say Rose tree in Shoppes Oleander in Frenche Rosagine or Rosage in Douche Oleander boom in Englishe Rose tree or Rose Baye tree Oleander and Nerium Nerium †The Nature Oleander is also very hoate and drie of Complexion †The Vertues It hath scarse one good propertie It may be compared to a Pharisee who maketh a glorious and beautifull shewe but inwardly is of a corrupt and poysoned nature God graunt all true Christians and Christian Realmes whereas this tree or any branche thereof beginneth to spread and fiorishe to put to their helping handes to destroy it and all the branches thereof as dissimulation Couetousnesse Briberie syr Symonie and maister Vsurie It is high tyme if it be the wyl of God to supplant it For it hath alredy flowred so that I feare it wil shortly seede fil this holsome soyle ful of wicked Nerium ⧠The Danger Oleander or Nerium is very hurtfull to man but most of all to Sheepe Goates Kine Dogges Asses Mules Horses and al foure footed beastes for it is deadly and killeth them Yea if they do but drinke the water wherein Oleander hath ben stieped or soked it causeth them to dye sodaynly as Dioscorides Plinie and Galen do write Of Poppie Chap. lxxxi †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Poppie as Dioscorides sayth wherof the first kind is white and of the garden the two other are blacke and wilde Papauer satiuum Garden Poppie Papauer syluestre Wilde Poppie †The Description THE garden white Poppie beareth a straight stem or straight smoth stalke about the height of foure or fiue foote in length with long leaues therevpon large and white vneuenly iagged and toothed about at the highest of the sayde stemmes groweth a round bud or button the whiche openeth into a large white flower made of foure leaues the whiche flower hath in the middle many smal hearie threddes with little tippes at the eudes and a round head the which head waxeth great and long wherin is the seede which is white and very necessarie in medicine Of this kinde there is yet another whose flowrie leaues be iagged or frenged in all thinges els lyke to the aforesayde The seconde kinde of Poppie hath his stalkes and leaues much lyke to the white but the flowers be of a fayre red colour and the heades are more rounder and not long The seede is blackish Of this sorte there is found another kind whose flowers be snipt iagged the whiche sometimes be very double lyke to the other The thirde kinde of Poppie is lyke to the two other sortes in leaues and stemmes sauing that it is smaller and beareth moe flowers and headdes The flowers be of a colour betwixt white and red changing towarde blacke hauing blacke spottes at the lower part of euery flowers leaues The heades be somewhat long much smaller then the heades of the others wherein there is also blacke seede and
of a brownishe colour with sundrie knottes and ioyntes from the whiche dependeth long and large leaues like the leaues of spiere or Polereede at the highest of the stalkes growe idle and barren eares whiche bring foorth nothing but the flowers or blossomes which are sometimes browne sometimes redde sometimes yellow and sometimes white agreable with the colour of the fruit which commeth foorth afterwarde The fruitefull eares do growe vppon the sides of the stemmes amongst the leaues the which eares be great and thicke and couered with many leaues so that one cannot see the sayde eares vpon the vppermost part of the sayde eares there grow many long hearie threddes which issue foorth at the endes or pointes of the leaues couering the eare and do shewe them selues about the time that the fruit or eare waxeth ripe The grayne or seede which groweth in the eares is about the quantitie or bignesse of a pease of colour in the outside sometimes browne sometime red and sometime white and in the inside it is in colour white and in taste sweet growing orderly about the eares in niene or tenne ranges or rewes †The Place This grayne groweth in Turkie wheras it is vsed in the time of dearth †The Tyme It is sowen in Aprill and ripe in August †The Names They do nowe call this grayne Frumentum Turcicum and Frumētum Asiaticum in Frenche Blé de Turquie or Blé Sarrazin in high Douche Turkie Korn in base Almaigne Torckschcoren in Englishe Turkish Corne or Indian wheate Frumentum Turcicum Turkish or Indian wheate †The Nature and Vertues There is as yet no certaine experience of the natural vertues of this corne The bread that is made thereof is drie and harde hauing very small fatnesse or moysture wherefore men may easily iudge that it nourisheth but litle and is euill of digestion nothing comparable to the bread made of wheate as some haue falsly affirmed Of petie Panick / Phalaris grise / grasse corne Chap. xi †The Description PHalaris hath a rounde strawe or helme with three or foure ioyntes the leaues be narrowe and grassie lyke the blades of Spelt or wheate but smaller and shorter vppon the sayde strawe groweth a short thicke eare and clustered or gathered togither it bringeth foorth a seede lyke vnto Mill and in fashion lyke to Line seede ¶ The Place This seede groweth in Spayne and in the Iles of Canarie And is onely sowen in this Countrie of the Herboristes †The Tyme It is ripe in this Countrie in Iuly and August ⧠The Names This seede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 likewise in Latine Phalaris of some Douchmē Spaensch saet and Saet van Canarien that is to say Spanishe or Canarie seede some Apothecaries do sell it for Millet Turner calleth it Petie Panicke ⧠The Nature In complexion it is much like to Millet †The Vertues The iuyce of Phalaris dronken with water is good agaynst the payne or greefe of the bladder And a spoenfull of the seede made into powder is good to be taken for the same purpose Of Panicke Chap. xij †The Description PAnicke commeth vp lyke Millet but his leaues are sharpet rougher It hath a rounde stemme or straw ful of knottie ioyntes for the most part sixe or seuen knottes vppon one stemme and at euery knot a large narrow leafe The eares be round and hanging somwhat downewardes in the which groweth smal seede not muche vnlike the seede of Millet of colour sometimes yellowe and sometimes white Phalaris There is also founde another plant like vnto Panicke the which some hold for a kind of Panicke the Italians do cal it Sorghi This strange grayne hath foure or fiue high stemmes which are thicke knottie and somwhat brownish beset with long sharpe leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Spier or Poole reede at the vppermost part of the stalkes ther grow thicke brownered eares greater thicker then the eares of Panick the which at the first do bring forth a yellow flower afteward a round reddish sede of the quantitie of a lentil somwhat sharpe or pointed †The Place Panick is not much knowen in this Countrie it groweth in some places of Italie and France and it loueth grauel and sandy ground it desyreth not much raine or moysture for when it rayneth muche it maketh the leaues to loll and hang downewarde as Theophrastus writeth The Indian Panick is also a strange sede is not found in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme Men do sow Panick in the spring of the yere and it is cut downe againe in hoate Countries fourtie dayes after The Gascons do sowe it after they haue sowē their other corne yet for al that it is ripe before winter as Ruelius saith In this Countrie when it is sowen in April it is ripe in Iuly Panicum Panik Sorghi Melica Indian Panick Also the Indian Panicke is sowen in the spring time and ripe at the ende of sommer †The Names Panick is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophraste also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Panicum and nowe a dayes in Italian Melica in high Douche Feuch Fenich and Heydelpfenich in base Almaigne Panickoren The Indian Panick is nowe called of some Italians Melegua or Melega of some others Saggina and Sorgho ▪ in Latine Melica Sorghi Milium Saburrum and of some Panicum peregrinum of the Almaignes Sorgsamen of the Brabanders Sorgsaet It is very lyke that this is Milium Indicum whiche as Plinie writeth was first knowen in the time of the Emperour Nero. ¶ The Nature Panick is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The seede of Panick dronke with wine cureth the dangerous and blooddy flixe and taken twise a day boyled in Goates milke it stoppeth the laske and the gnawinges or gripins of the belly They make bread of Panick as of Millet but it nourisheth and bindeth lesse then the bread of Millet The Indian Panick is like the other Panick in operation and vertue Of Otes Chap. xiij †The Description OTes as Dioscorides saith in grassie leaues and knottie straw or motes are somwhat like to wheate at the vpper part of the strawes growe the eares diuided into many small springes or stemmes displayed and spread abroade farre one from another vppon the which stemmes or small branches the grayne hangeth sharpe pointed alwayes togither well couered with his huske There is an other kinde of Otes whiche is not so inclosed in his huskes as the other is but is bare and without huske whan it is thresshed Also there is a barren Ote of some called the purre Otes of others wilde Otes †The Place Otes are very common in this Countrie and are sowen in al places in the feeldes The pilde Otes are sowen in the gardens of Herboristes Turner saith they growe in Sussex The Purwottes or wilde Otes commeth vp in many places amongst wheate and without sowing †The Tyme Otes are sowen
Cassia The leaues wherof be smaller then the leaues of the other Roses the shutes and twigges be also small and thicke set with thornie prickles of a browne russet colour growing almost to the height of the Prouince rooses The flowers be smal and single sweet smelling and of a pale red coloor and sometime Carnation The sixth kinde of Roses called Muske Roses hath slender springes and shutes the leaues and flowers be smaller then the other Roses yet they grow vp almost as high as the Damaske or Prouince Rose The flowers be small and single and sometimes double of a white colour and pleasant sauour in proportion not muche vnlyke the wilde Roses or Canel Roses The wilde Rose leaues be rough and prickley The springes branches and shutes are ful of sharpe hookes or crooked prickles like the white double Rose of the gardē but much lesser the leaues be smaller the flowers be also single white drawing towardes Carnation colour without sauour The which being fallen away there rise rounde knoppes or buttons lyke as in the garden Rose plant within whiche redde knoppes and buttons the seede is couched laid in a hearie downe or rough Cotton Vpon this plant or bushe is somtimes founde a spongious baule rough heared and of a greene colour turning towardes red and is to be founde about the moneth of Iune Amongst the kindes of wilde Roses there is founde a sorte whose shutes twigges and branches are couered all ouer with thicke small thornie prickles The flowers be smal single white of a very good sauour The whole plant is base and low and the least of al both of the garden and wilde kind of Roses Bysides the Roses aforesayd there is yet another kind of Rose plant which beareth yellowe Roses in al thinges els lyke to the wilde Rose plante as in shutes twigges and leaues The Eglentine or sweete brier may be also counted of the kindes of Roses for it is lyke to the wilde Rose plante in sharpe and cruel shutes springes and rough branches The leaues also be not muche vnlyke but greener and of a pleasanter smel The flowers be single smaller then the flowers of the wilde Rose most commonly white and sometimes redde after whiche there come also litle knappes or long red beries as in the other Roses in whiche the seede is couched †The Place The tame Roses the Eglentine are planted in gardens The wilde groweth in many places of Brabant and other Countries alongst by hedges and ditches and other wilde places amongst bryers and thornes The other wilde kinde groweth in certayne places vppon rampers and bankes cast vp by mans handes and vpon the Sea coast of Flaunders †The Time The fiue first kindes of garden Roses do flower in May and Iune and so do the wilde Roses the Eglentine but the Muske Roses do flower in May and agayne in September or there aboutes †The Names The Rose is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rosa in high Douche Rose in Neatherdouchelande Roose The leaues and flowers be called in Latine Folia Rosarum that is to say Rose leaues The nayles that is to say the white endes of the leaues whereby they are fastened to the knappes the whiche are cut of when they make Conserue or syrupe of Roses is called in Latine Vngues Rosarum in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The yellow heare whiche groweth in the middle of the Rose is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Flos Rosae in shops and of the Arabian Physitions Anthera that is to say the blowing of the Rose The bud of the Rose before the opening is called Calix The fiue litle leaues whiche stande rounde about the bud or the beginning of Roses are called in Latine Cortices Rosarum that is to say the shelles or pilles of Roses some do also cal them the fiue brothers of the Roses wherof as is beforesayd two haue beardes and two haue none and the fifth hath but halfe a one The rounde heades or little knoppes vpon whiche the flowers do growe and are fastened and in whiche lyeth the seede are called in Latine Capita Rosarum and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The first kinde of garden Roses is called in Italy Rosa Damascena in this Countrie Rosa alba in Frenche Rose blanche in high Douche Weisz Rosen in base Almaigne Witte Roosen in Englishe White Roses And this kinde seemeth to be that which Plinie calleth in Latine Campana Rosa The seconde kinde of Roses is called Rosa purpurea and Rosa rubra in Englishe Red Roses and of the common people Double Roses in Frenche Rose rouge and Roses francois in high Douche Roter Rosen in base Almaigne Roode Roosen And vnder this kinde are comprehended the Roses whiche Plinie calleth Trachinias amongst whiche Rosae Milesiae are the deepest red The thirde kinde is called in Frenche Rosee de Prouinces in base Almaigne Prouinsche Roosen in high Douch Liebfarbige Rosen the which paraduenture are they which Plinie calleth Alabandicas Rosas we cal them in English Roses of Prouince and Damaske Roses The fourth kinde is also called in Frenche Rose de Prouins in base Almaigne Prouinsch Roose and Bruyn Prouinsche Roose as a name of difference from the other and these shoulde seeme to be Rosae Milesiae of Plinie The fifth kinde is called of the Herboristes of Brabant Caneel Rooskens that is to say the Roses smelling lyke Canell or Cassia and possible this is Rosa Praenestina of Plinie some call it in Englishe the Cyuet Rose or Bastarde Muske Rose The sixth is named of Plinie in Latine Rosa coroncola of the writers at this daye Rosa sera and Rosa autumnalis in Frenche Rose Musquée and Roses de Damas in base Almaigne Musket Rooskens in Englishe also Muske Roses bycause of their pleasant sent The seuenth kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rosa canina and Rosa syluestris in Frenche Rose sauuage in high Douche Wilder Roosen and Heckrosen in base Almaigne Wilde Rosen in Englishe the Bryer bushe the wilde Rose and Heptree The spongious bawle or that rounde rough excrescence whiche is founde oftentimes growing both vppon the wilde Rose and Eglentine bushes is called of som Apothecaries Bedegar but wrongfully for Bedegar is not that thistell which is commonly called Carlina Examine Bedegar lib. 4. fol. 361. The eight is called of the neather Douchmen Duyn Rooskens of the place where as it is founde growing and it shoulde seeme to be that which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Canirubus and Rubus canis and of Plinie Rosa spinosa The Minth is called the yellow Rose in French Roses iaulnes The last is called of Plinie in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lychnis in Latine Rosa Gręca in Frenche and base Almaigne Eglantier in Englishe Eglantine †The cause of the Name and historie thereof The Rose is called in Greeke Rhodon
hoate decoction of the leaues and tender branches of Tamarisk boyled in wine The decoction of the leaues made in water doth stay the superfluous course of womens flowers if they sit or bath in the same whiles it is hoate The same decoction made with the young shutes and leaues killeth the lice and nittes if the place whereas they be be washed therewithal The fruite of the great Tamarisk is good against the spetting of blood the superfluous course of womens flowers against the laske and bitinges of venemous beastes They vse this fruite in steede of Galles in medicines that are made for the disease of the mouth and eyes The barke of Tamarisk is of the same vertue as the fruite and is good to stoppe laskes and all issue of blood Of Heath Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere is in this Countrie two kindes of Heath one whiche beareth his flowers alongst the stemmes and is called lōg Heath The other bearing his flowers in tutteys or tuftes at the toppes of the branches the whiche is called smal Heath †The Description HEath is a wooddish plant ful of branches not much vnlyke the lesser Tamarisk but much smaller tenderer and lower it hath very small iagged leaues not much vnlyke the leaues of garden Cypres which is our Lauender Cotton but browner and harder The flowers be lyke smal knoppes or buttons parted in foure of a fayre carnation colour and sometimes but very seldome white growing alongst the branches from the middle vpwarde euen to the top The rootes be long and wooddishe and of a darke red colour The second kind of Heath is also a litle base plant with many litle twigges or small slender shutes comming from the roote of a reddishe browne colour Erica Heath Erica altera Smal Heath with very smal leaues in fashion not vnlike the leaues of common Thyme but muche smaller and tenderer the flowers growe at the toppe of the strigges or twigges fiue or sixe in a company togither hanging downewardes of colour Carnation and red of making long and rounde hollowe within and open at the ende lyke a litle tonnell smaller then a Cornell which is the fruite of a Cornell tree The roote is tender and creeping alongst and putteth foorth in diuers places many newe twigges or strigges †The Place Heath groweth vpon mountaynes that be drie hungrie and barren and in playnes wooddes and wildernesse †The Tyme The first kinde of Heath flowreth both at the beginning and the end of sommer vntyl September The seconde kinde flowreth about midsommer ⧠The Names Heath Hather and Lyng is called in high and base Almaigne Heyden and is thought of the later writers to be that plant which Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Erice and Erica The smaller kinde also without doubt is a Heath and therfore it may truely be called in Latine Erica altera in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature Both kindes of Heath haue a manifest and euident drynesse †The Vertues The iuyce of the leaues of Heath dropped into the eyes doth heale the paine of the same taketh away the rednesse and strengthneth the sight If Heath be the true Erica of Dioscorides the flowers and leaues thereof are good to be layed vpon the bitinges and stingings of Serpentes and such lyke venemous beastes The learned Matthiolus in his Commentaries vppon Dioscorides lib. j. doubteth not of this plant but that it is Erica of Dioscorides wherevnto he hath set two other figures of strange Heath sent vnto him by one Gabriel Falloppius a learned Physition Moreouer he commendeth muche the decoction of our common Heath made with fayre water to be dronkē warme both morning and euening in the quantitie of fiue vnces three houres before meate agaynst the stone in the bladder so that it be vsed by the space of thirtie dayes but at the last the patient must enter into a bath made of the decoction of Heath whiles he is in the said bath he must sit vpon some of the Heath that made the foresayde bath the which bath must be oftentimes repeted and vsed for by the vse of the sayd bath and diet or decoction he hath knowen many to be holpen so that the stone hath come from them in very small peeces Also Turner sayth that for the diseases of the milte it were better to vse the barkes of Heath in steede of Tamarisk then the barke of Quickbeme Tur. li. 1. fol. 210. li. 2. fol 59. Of Cotton or Bombace Chap. xvij †The Description THis plant is but a shrub or low tree that groweth not very high the leaues be brode with deepe cuttes or slittes smaller then vine leaues but els somwhat lyke The flowers be yellowe and somewhat purple in the middes iagged about the edges The fruite is almost lyke to Fylbeardes brode and flat and full of fayre white cotton or the downe that we call Bombace in whiche the seede lyeth hydden †The Place Cotton tree groweth in Egypt and the Indias and is planted in Candie Maltha and other suche Countries †The Names Cotton is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and also in Latine Xylum and Gossipium in shoppes Cotum Bombax and Bombasum in high Douche Baumwol in base Almaigne Boomwolle †The Nature The seede of Cotton is hoate and moyst as Serapio saith Xylon †The Vertues The seede of Cotton swageth the cough and is good agaynst all colde diseases of the breast augmenteth naturall strength and encreaseth the seede of generation Of Capers Chap. xviij †The Description THE Caper is a prickley plant or bush almost lyke the Bramble with many shutes or brāches spread abrode stretched alongst the grounde vppon whiche do grow hard sharpe and crooked prickles with blackishe rounde leaues standing one against another not muche vnlyke the leaues of Asarabacca or folefoote or the leaues of a Quince tree as Dioscorides saith but muche rounder Amōgst the leaues spring vp smal knops or buds the whiche do open into faire starrelyke flowers of a pleasant smell or sauour afterwardes commeth the fruite whiche is long round smaller then an Olyue hath in it smal cornes or kernelles lyke to them in the Pomgranate as Turner saith The roote is long and wooddishe couered with a white thicke barke or rinde whereof they vse in Physicke Capparis †The Place Capers growe in rough vntoyled places in stony sandy grounde and in hedges and it groweth plentifully in Spayne Italy Arabia and other such hoate Countries it groweth not in this Countrie but the fruite and flowers are knowen vnto vs bycause they be brought to vs from Spayne preserued in bryne or salt ⧠The Names Capers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Capparis of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cynosbatos that is to say in Latine Rubus Canis and Sentis Canis in high Douche Capperen in base Almaigne Cappers ¶ The Nature The Capers that grow in
the time of the riping of Peares for the taste doth best declare and giue notice of the qualitities and temperature of Peares †The Description THE Pearetree is as great or greater thē the Apple tree and higher with a great body or stemme and manye great branches the which for the most parte doo shute or mount vpright not one ouer another as the branches of the Apple tree The leaues be roundish smoth and very greene aboue but vnderneath most commonly they be whitish The fruite for the most part is long brode beneath and narrowe and sharpe vpwarde towardes the stemme very diuers or cōtrary in colour quantitie proportion and taste as is abouesayde In the middle of the fruite there is a coare with kernels or peppins lyke as in the middest of the Apples †The Place The Peare tree is planted in gardens and Orchardes also it groweth sometimes in woods wild vntoyled places but they be none otherwyse esteemed but as wildings or wild hedge Peares Pirus The Peare tree †The Tyme The Pearetree flowreth in Aprill or May and the fruite is ripe in sommer and Autumne ⧠The Names The Pearetree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pirus in Frenche Vng Poirier in high Douch Byrbaum in base Almaigne Peerboom The fruite is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pira or as some do write Pyra in French Poyres ▪ in high Douch Byren in base Almaigne Peeren in English Peares ¶ The Nature All kindes of Peares are of a colde temperature and the most part of them be drie and binding but not all alyke for the wilde Peares and others that be rough binding and chokely do drie stop a great deale more then the others The sweete grouse Peares are moystier and very litle astringent or nothing at all The middle sorte of Peares whiche are betwixt sweete and sower are of complexion or temperature nearest to them vnto whom their taste draweth nearest The Pearetree leaues are colde of complexion drie and astringent as Galen saith †The Vertues Peares taken before meate do nourish but litle yet they nourish more then Apples especially those that be grouse and sweete The sower rough and chokely Peares and others that are not waterie to be eaten rawe or backte before meale do stop the common laske or flowing of the belly and do fortifie and strengthen the mouth of the stomacke They be also good to be laide to the beginnings of hoate tumours or phlegmons and greene woundes The leaues are good for the same purpose for they close togither and heale newe woundes Of the Medler tree Chap. xliij †The Kyndes DIoscorides setteth foorth two kindes of Medlars The first kind growing vpon thornes The second kinde is our common Medlars the which also be of two sortes for some be small and some great but in fashiō both lyke and therefore some take them but for one kinde †The Description THE firste kinde is a thornie tree with prickles and leaues not muche vnlyke the hawthorne The fruite of this plante is small and rounde and as Dioscorides saith it hath three kernelles or stones in it and they growe in clusters fine or sixe or more togither The common Medler is a tree in some places not altogither without prickles growing almost lyke to the other trees The leaues be somewhat long and narrowe lesser then the leaues of the Apple tree nothing at all dented or snipt about the edges The flowers be white and parted into fiue leaues After the flowers groweth the fruite whiche is of a browne russet colour of a rounde proportion and somewhat broade or flat of this kinde one is smal the other great yet they be alwayes lesser then Apples with a great broade nauel or Crowne at the toppe or ende in the middle of the same fruite are fiue flatte stones the whiche be the seede thereof †The Place The first kinde of Medler called Aronia hath bene seene growing at Naples by the learned and famous Matthiolus and is yet vnknowen to vs. The common Medler is planted in gardens and Orchardes delighteth to growe in rough vntoyled places about hedges and bushes †The Tyme Our common Medlers doo flower in Aprill and May and are ripe at the ende of September †The Names The Medler is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mespilus in high Douch Nespelbaum in base Almaigne Mispelboom in Frenche Nefflier Mespilus Aronia The Neapolitan Medler Mespilus altera The common Medlers The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mespilum in Englishe a Medle or an open arsse in French Neffle in Douch Nespel in neather Douchlande Mispele The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aronia and Trigrania at Naples Azaerolo we may call it also Azarola the three grayne Medler or the Neapolitan Medler The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epimelis and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sitanium or as some write Setanium The biggest of this late recited kinde is called in English a great Medler or the garden Medler in French Neffle cultiuée in Brabant Pote Mispelen †The Nature Medlers be colde drie and astringent The leaues of the Medler tree be of the same nature †The Vertues Medlers do stoppe the belly especially being yet greene and harde for after they haue bene a while kept so that they become soft and tender they doo not stoppe so muche but then they are more conuenient to be eaten yet they nourish but litle or nothing at all The Medler stones made into powder and dronken doo breake the stone and expulse grauel as Antony Musa writeth Matthiolus Mizalde do intreate more largely of the vertues of this fruit Of the Mulberie tree Chap. xliiij †The Description THE Mulberie tree is great and large spreading his branches into breadth and lēgth his leaues be greene large snipt about the edges after the maner of a sawe The flower is smal with a fine hoare or soft cotton The fruite consisteth of many beries growing togither like the fruite of the Bramble but it is larger and longer of colour white at the beginning after redde and at the last blacke of a winishe taste The rootes be yellowishe especially the barkes of them whiche be also bitter in taste †The Place The Mulberie tree reioyceth in the garden soyle and other hoate and fat manured places †The Tyme The Mulberie tree bringeth foorth his newe leaues in May a long time after other trees And therefore it is called in the fayning of Poetes the wisest of al other trees for this tree only amongst al others bringeth foorth his leaues after the colde frostes be past so that by meanes therof it is not hurt or hindered as other trees be Morus Mulberies ⧠The Names The Mulberie tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Morus in some Shoppes Morus Celsi in
the herbe is of a strong smell and the iuyce whereof the floures the leaues the stalke and the roote is full and commeth forth whan they be either brused or broken is yellow as Saffron sharpe and bitter but that of the roote specially the which is yellow as golde The roote hath many small strings or threddy laces hanging thereby The small Celandyne is a low herbe growing by the ground hauing a little small brownish stem the leaues be small and somewhat round like Iuie leaues but much smaller tenderer fofter and smother The flower is yellow like to a golde cup or Crowfoote floure The roote is full of small threddes or hearie laces with diuers knottes in them like to wheate or barley cornes THere is an other herbe muche like to small Celandyne in leaues floures the which we may call Marsh Marygolde or Braue Celandyne the leaues be of a swarte greene colour somwhat round and shining like to a Popler leafe but larger a little cut or purlde about the edges The stalke is round and diuided into many braunches vpon which are the pleasant yellow floures like to yellow Crowfoote or golde Cup but larger and fayrer to behold The floures being gone or fallen yee shal see three or foure small huskes or cods like to the huskes of Colombyne wherein is cōteyned smal yellow seedes The roote is great and thicke with many threddy strings †The Place The great Celandyne groweth in dry places about old rotten walles and by the way sides and vnder Hedges quicksets The small Celandyne and the Braue Bassinet or Marsh Marigold do grow in moyst medowes vpon the bankes and borders of ditches Caltha Palustris Marshe Marigolde Dotterbloemen Belgarum ⧠The Tyme The great Celandyne beginneth to floure in Aprill and lasteth flouring all the Sommer The small bringeth forth his floure bytimes about the returne of Swallowes in the ende of February It remayneth flouring all Marche euen vntill Aprill and after it doth so vanish away that a man shall seldome see it in May. The Braue Bassinet floureth in May and Aprill †The Names The great Celandyne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chelidonium maius and Hirundinaria maior in shoppes Chelidonia of some as Athenaeus writeth Anemone in Spanishe Chelidun̄ea yerua d'andurin̄a y yerua de las golundrin̄as in English Celandyne Swallowurte and of some Tetterwurte in French Cheledoine or Esclaire in high Douch Grosz Schelwurtz grosz Schwalbenkraut and Schelkraut in base Almaigne Gouwortel Groote Gouwe The lesser is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chelidoniū minus and Hirundinaria minor in shoppes Scrofularia minor and Ficaria in Italian Fauoscello in Spanish Scrofularia menor in English Pyle worte or Figworte in Frenche Scrofulaire or Petite Esclaire in high Douch Klein Schelwurtz klein Schwalbenwurtz Feigwartzen or Blaternkraut Pfaffenhodlin Meyenkraut in base Almaigne Cleyn Gouwe and cleyn Speen cruyt Caltha Palustris so named of certaine late writers of some Tussilago altera and Farfugium wherevnto notwithstanding it is but a littell like may well be Englished Marshe Marigolde in French Bassinet de prez or Bassinet de marés in high Douch Moszblumen Dotterblumen Geelweiszblumen and Martenblumen in base Almaigne groote Booterbloemen and Dotterbloemen †The occasion of the Names The great Celandyne is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chelidonium that is to say Swallow-herbe bycause as Plinie writeth it was first found out by Swallowes and hath healed the eyes and restored sight to their yong ones that haue had harme in their eyes or haue bene blinde The small Celandyne was so called bycause that it beginneth to spring to floure at the comming of the Swallowes and withereth at their returne †The Nature The two Celandynes are hoate and dry in the thirde degree and the small Celandyne is the hoatest The Braue Bassinet or Marshe Marigolde is also of a hoate nature but not exceeding †The Vertues The iuyce of Celandyne mingled with Hony boyled in a vessell of copper or brasse cleareth the sight and dropped into the eyes taketh away the spots scarres or blemisshes bloudshotten and webbe of the eye If with the same iuyce and wine one washe fretting and consuming sores it will consolidate and heale them The roote boyled with Anise seede in white wine openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and healeth the Iaundice The same roote chewed in the mouth taketh away the tooth-ache The small Celandyne pound layde vnto rough corrupt nayles causeth the same to fall away fayrer or better to grow in their places And if it be pound in vryne or wine especially the roote and after applied and layde to the Hemorrhoides it doth dissolue and heale them so doth the iuyce if it be mingled with wine or vrine and the Hemorrhoides be wasshed therewithall The decoction of this herbe in wine gargarised doth purge the head from naughtie fleume euill humors and causeth the same to be easily spitte out The iuyce of the roote mingled with honie and snifte or drawen vp into the nose purgeth the brayne from superfluous moystures and openeth the stoppings of the nose The Marshe Marigolde is not vsed in Physicke Of Peruincle Chap. xxi †The Description PEruincle hath many small slender long branches with ioyntes wherby it spreadeth abroade vppon the ground creeping trayling hither and thither The leaues be greater thā the leaues of Boxe muche like to Bay leaues in colour fasshion sauing that they be far smaller The floure most cōmonly is blew sometimes white tawnie but very seldome it is parted into fiue leaues somewhat like the floure of great Buglosse but larger pleasanter to beholde yet without sauour The roote is hearie and yellow Clematis Daphnoides †The Place Peruincle groweth wel in shadowy moyst places as in the borders of wooddes and alongst by hedges †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Marche and Aprill but it remayneth greene all the yeare †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Clematis Daphnoides Plinie in a certaine place nameth it Clematis Aegyptia in an other place Chamaedaphne in shoppes Peruinca and Vinca peruinca in Italian Prouenqua in Spanish Peruinqua in English Peruincle in French Peruenche and du Lisseron in high Douch Ingruen Syngruen in base Almaigne Vincoorde Ingroen and Maechden palm †The Nature Peruincle is dry and astringent †The Vertues The decoction of this herbe sodde in wine and dronken stoppeth the laske and the bloudy flixe it stayeth the immoderate course of the floures spitting of bloud and all other fluxe of bloud The same mengled with milke and oyle of Roses put into the Matrix in a pessarie or Mother suppository taketh away the paynes of the same The same chewed healeth the tooth-ache al stinging of venemouse beasts if it be applied thereto The same brused and put into the nose stoppeth nose
bleeding Of Gastarde Saffron Chap. xxij †The Description WIlde Saffron hath a rounde stalke of three Cubites long or more decked with lōg narrow dented sharp pricking leaues at the toppe of the braunches are small round pricklcy heades or knoppes the whiche at their opening do bring forth a pleasant Orenge colour floure of a good fauour colour like to the threds of right Saffron whan the floure is withered and past there is found within the prickly heads or knoppes a white long cornered seede wrapped in a certayne hearie downe or chaffe †The Place They vse to plante it in gardens †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August Cnicus Carthamus †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cnicus of the Apothecaries and of Mesue of Serapio Cartamus of some Crocus Hortēsis Crocus Saracenicus in Italian Saffrano Sarracinesco in Spanish Alaçor Açfran del huerto y semente de Papagaios in English Bastard Saffron in Frēch Saffran sauuage or Bastard in high Douch Wilden garten Saffron in base Almaigne Wilden Saffraen †The Nature The seede of Bastarde Saffron as Mesue writeth is hoate in the first degree and dry in the second †The Vertues The iuyce of the seede of Saffron brused and pound and dronken with Honied water or the brothe of a Chicken or pullet prouoketh the stoole and purgeth by siege flymie fleumes and sharpe humors Moreouer it is good against the Colike that is to say the payne and stopping of the bowels or guttes and also against the payne in fetching of breath the cough stopping of the breast and it is singuler against the Dropsie Also the iuyce of the same seede put into milke causeth the same milke to congeale and crudde and maketh it of great force to lose and open the belly The floures dronke with Honied water openeth the Liuer and are very good against the Iaundise Also the same floures are very good to be vsed in meates to giue them a yellow colour †The Daunger The seede of Bastard Saffron is very hurtfull to the stomacke causing a desire to vomite and is of harde and slowe operation remayning long in the stomake and entrailles †The Amendement He must put to the same seede somethings comfortable to the stomake as Anise seede Galangall or Mastike or some other good thing to hasten his operation as Gynger Salgemme common salte c. And if it be vsed after this manner it shall not hurte the stomacke at all and his operation shall be more speedy Of Conyza / or Flebane Chap. xxiij ⧠The Kindes THere are two sortes of Conyza as Dioscorides Theophrastus writeth The one called the great or male Conyza the other the small or female Conyza Ouer and bysides these there is a thirde kinde the which is called the middle or meane Conyza †The Description THe greate Conyza hath leaues somewhat large almost like Cowslippe leaues sauing that they are browner and softer The stalke is round couered with a safte Cotton or fine Downe of a foote and halfe long or more towardes the toppe spreading abroade into many small branches vpon which groweth long buddes whiche turne into yellow floures the whiche also do afterward chaunge into Downie heads fleeing away with the wind The roote is somewhat thicke The small Conyza groweth not aboue the heigth of a spanne or foote and differeth not from the first sauing that it is a great deale lesse The floures be of a darke yellow almost like the floures of Tansie or like to the middell of the floures of Cammomill they are both of a strong sauour but the sauour of the greater is more then the small The third and middell kinde of Conyza hath a round white wollish stalke of a foote and a halfe long the leaues be long cottony or wolly The floures at the top of the stalke like to Cammomill but greater not onely of a broune yellow colour in the middell but also round about Conyza maior Great Conyza Conyza media Middell Conyza †The Place The great Conyza for the most parte groweth in dry places The two others grow in valleys that are moyst and grassie and by water sides †The Tyme They floure in the end of Iuly and August †The Names These herbes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Plinie in some place calleth them Cunilagines Theodor Gaza calleth them Policariae and Pulicariae vnknowen in shops one kinde of it is called in English Flebane some call it in high Douch Durwurtz and Donnerwurtz in Spanish Attadegua Theophrast calleth the great Conyza the male and the smaller Conyza the female †The Nature The great and the small Conyzae are hoate and dry in the third degree The third is of the like substaunce but not so hoate †The Vertues The leaues and floures of Conyza boyled in wine and dronken haue great power to prouoke the floures and to expell the dead childe They haue also great power against the hoate pisse and Strangury against the Iaundise and gnawing or gryping paynes of the belly The same taken with vineger is good for the Epilepsie or falling sicknesse The Decoction of Conyza is very profitable to women against the diseases and payne of the Mother if they sitte ouer it in a close vessell or stewe The leaues brused and layde vpon the bitings or stingings of venemouse beasts are very good also they are good to be layde vpō woundes oedemes that is harde lumpes or colde swellings The same mingled with oyle is good to annoynt the body to take away all colde shakings and brusings The same layde strowed or burned in any place driueth away al venemouse beasts and killeth gnattes and flees Of Sterrewurte or Sharewurte Chap. xxiiij †The Description STerrewurte hath a browne hearie and woodish stalke the leaues be lōg thick hearie and of a browne or swartgreene colour At the toppe of the branches groweth three or foure shining floures after the fasshion of Camomill yellow in the middle and set rounde about with small purple leaues in order and fasshion like a Sterre whiche at length do turne into downe or Cotton the plume is carried away with the winde The roote is bearded with hearie strings There is an other kinde of this herbe whose floures are not onely yellow in the middle but the small leaues also growing about the edges in order like the Cammomill floure are also of yellow colour but otherwise like to the first †The Place Sterrewurte groweth vpon small hillockes barrowes or knappes in Mountaynes and high places and sometimes in wooddes and in certaine medowes lying about the riuer of Rheyne †The Tyme It doth most cōmonly floure in August Aster Atticus †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aster Atticus Inguinalis of Vergill Flos Amellus of some Stellaria in Italian Alibio vnknowen in Shoppes in English Sharewurte or
the learned Ruellius Doctor in his time at Paris could not be made beleeue that this was the right Coronopus Wherefore for the same Ruellius sake who made a liuely description of this herbe we do now call it Coronopus Ruellij in base Almaigne Crayenuoet or Rauenuoet They call it at Paris Verrucaria in some places of England they call it Swynescressis We may also call it Ruellius Coronopus This strange herbe hath no name as yet knowen vnto vs sauing that the Herboristes of Languedock take it to be a kind of Scabious or for the Cornefloure called Cyanus in English blew Bottell A man may doubt whether this be not Dioscorides Coronopus bycause that Hartes horne should seeme to be a kind of Plantayne But bycause the Description of Coronopus is very short we are not able to assure you This may also be a kinde of Condrilla †The Nature Hartes Horne is colde and dry in temperature much like Plantayne The Swines Cresses or Ruellius Coronopus as it is euident by the taste is hoate and dry like to garden or towne Cressis but not all thing so hoate †The Vertues Hartes horne is in vertue like to Plantayne whereof it is a kinde and may be vsed in all things whereto Plantayne serueth Also it hath bene proued singuler against the pissing of bloud the grauell the stone to be taken in meates or otherwise If Swines Cressis or Ruellius Coronop be the true Coronopus than the roote thereof rosted in the imbres or hoate Asshes and eaten in meates is very good against the laske proceeding from the coldnesse of the stomacke whiche is the cause of slimie humors in the Guttes for whiche purpose the very sent and taste of the roote here described declareth the same to be very good bycause it is hoate and somewhat astringent Of Bloud strange / or Mouse tayle Chap. lxv †The Description MOuse tayle is a smal low herbe with smal leaues and very narrow emongst whiche springeth vp from the roote small stemmes garnisshed with very small whitish floures and afterward with little lōg torches much like to a Mouse or Rattes tayle like the seede or torches of Plantayne before it blooweth in whiche is conteyned very small and browne seede †The Place Mouse tayle groweth in good pastures and certayne medowes and sometimes also by high way sides †The Tyme It floureth in Aprill and the torches and seede is ripe in May shortly after the whole herbe perissheth so that in Iune ye shall not finde the dry or withered plante Myosouron †The Names It is called in English Mouse tayle Bloud strange in French Queue de souris and accordingly in Grecke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cauda murina and Cauda muris in high Douch Tausent korn in base Almaigne Muyse steertkens This is not Holosteum neither Denticula Canis Ruellij as some do iudge †The Nature The leaues of this herbe do coole and differ not muche from the nature of Plantayne †The Vertues The operation and vertues of this herbe are not yet knowen howbeit as farreforth as men may iudge by the taste and sente thereof it is much like in facultie to Plantayne Of Water Plantayne Chap. lxvi †The Description WAter Plantayne is a fayre herbe with large greene leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Plantayne with a stalke full of branches small white floures diuided into three partes and after them it bringeth forth tryangled huskes or buttons the roote is of threddy strings †The Place This herbe groweth about the borders and brinkes of diches and pondes somtimes also in riuers and brookes †The Tyme It floureth from Iune till August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latin Plātago aquatica in English water Plātayne in French Plantain deau in high Douche wasser Wegrich and Frochloefelkraut in base Almaigne water Wechbree †The Nature Some men write of this herbe that it is of temperament colde and dry †The Vertues Some lay store of the leaues of water Plantayne vpon the shanks or shinnes of such as haue the Dropsie supposing that the water in the belly shall by that meanes be drawen downe to the shinnes or shanks The learned men of our time do write that it hath the same vertues faculties as the other Plantayne wherof we haue alreadie written in the lxij Chapter Of Knotgrasse Chap. lxvij Plantago Aquatica †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of this herbe as Dioscorides writeth the Male and the Female the Male is called in Englishe Swynes grasse and knot grasse but the Female is called small Shaue-grasse †The Description KNot grasse hath many round weake slender branches full of knots and ioyntes and creeping alongst the grounde it hath long narrow leaues not much vnlike the leaues of Rew sauing that they be lōger The floures be small growing alongst the branches betwixt the leaues and the ioyntes of colour sometimes white sometimes purple or incarnate after them commeth a triangled seede like to sorrell seede The roote is round and reddish with many strings The second kinde whiche they call female Knot grasse hath three or foure vpright round and euen stemmes without branches full of ioyntes and much like to the stalkes and ioyntes of Hippuris or Horse tayle but not so rough and about the ioyntes groweth many small and narrow little leaues like to a Starre and not much vnlike the leaues of Rosemary The roote is white and runneth alongst the grounde putting forth many new shutes or springs Polygonum mas The male Knot grasse or Swines grasse Polygonum foemina Female Knot grasse or small Shauegrasse Polygonum tertium The third Knot grasse †The Place The Male knot grasse groweth in fieldes about wayes and pathes and in streates The Female groweth in moyst places about the brinkes borders of rūning waters The third groweth about chāpion fields places not well husbanded especially in a moyst yeare †The Tyme The Male knot grasse the third kind do floure from after Iune vntill the end of Somer The female is found most commonly in Iuly August †The Names Knot grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sanguinaria Sanguinalis and Proserpinata The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seminalis in Shoppes Centumnodia Corrigiola of some Sanguinaria Sanguinalis Proserpinaca in Italian Corrigiola in Spanish Corriola y cien nudos yerua in English male Knot grasse in French Renouée Corrigiole in high Douch Weggrasz and Wegtritt in base Almaigne Wechgras Verkens gras and Duysent knoop manneken The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sanguinalis foemina in base Almaigne Duysentknoop wijfkē in English of Turner Medow shauegrasse and small Shauegrasse The thirde kinde is called in base Almaigne Knawel the whiche without doubte is a kinde of knot grasse albeit Dioscorides hath described but twoo kindes Neither do we take it to
be Polygonon of Dioscorides but for one of the foure kindes of Polygonon whereof Plinie hath writen in the xxvij booke of his History †The Nature All these herbes are colde in the second degree and dry in the thirde astringent and making thicke †The Vertues The iuyce of knotgrasse dronke is good against the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and all other fluxe or issue of bloud and is good against vomiting and laskes The same dronken in wine helpeth against the biting of venemouse beasts It is also good against tertian feuers to be dronken an houre before the fit The leaues of knotgrasse boyled in wine or water and dronken stayeth all maner of laskes and fluxes of the belly The bloudy flixe and womens floures the spitting of bloud and all fluxe of bloud aswell as the iuyce The iuyce of knotgrasse put with a Pessarie into the naturall places of women stoppeth the floures and the inordinate course of the same and put into the Nose it stancheth the bleeding of the same poured into the eares it taketh away the payne of the same and dryeth vp the corrupt matter and filth of the same The same boyled in wine and Honie cureth the vlcers and inflammations of the priuie or secrete partes The greene leaues being layde too preuayle much against the great heate burning of the stomacke hoate swellings empostems the consuming burning of S. Anthonies fire and all greene or fresshe woundes Dioscorides also saith that Knotgrasse prouoketh vrine is good for such as pisse drop after droppe the whiche is founde true whan the vrine is hoate and sharpe The female Knotgrasse hath the same vertue as the male Knotgrasse as Dioscorides saith but not so strong And the third kinde also his vertues be much like to the Male knotgrasse Of Horse tayle / or Shauegrasse Chap. lxviij †The Kindes THere be twoo sortes of Horse tayle or Shauegrasse as Dioscorides and Plinie writeth †The Description WHan the great Shauegrasse or Horse tayle beginneth to spring it bringeth foorth rounde naked and hollow stemmes rough and full of ioyntes yea their roughnesse is such that Turners Cutelers other Artificers do vse them to polish make playne smoth their workes as the heftes of knyues Daggers c. At the top of those Asparagus shutes or stemmes groweth smal round and blacke knoppes or tuffets Afterwarde the stemmes do waxe browne and reddishe and bringe foorth rounde about euery knot or ioynte diuers little small slender and knottie russhes It mounteth so high that with his hanging russhes or small branches it is not much vnlyke to a Horse tayle The roote is white and hath ioyntes or knottes lyke the stalke or stemme Maioris Equiseti asparagus The. j. springs or shutes of Horsetayle or shauegrasse Equisetum minus Smal shauegrasse or Horsetayle Equiseti minoris flores The floures of smal Shauegrasse or Horsetayle The small Shauegrasse or Horse tayle is not much vnlike to the great It bringeth forth whan it beginneth to spring bare and naked stemmes that be also round hollow and knotty at the toppe or ende of those stemmes it hath as it were a spiked eare or knop of small white floures whiche perish incontinently Than springeth vp from the roote other shutes or branches full of knottes or ioyntes about the whiche also there groweth round knotty russhes like as in the great Horse tayle or Shauegrasse but not so great nor so rough but more softe and gentell so that they are nothing worth to polishe withall The roote is small blacke and slender †The Place The great Shauegrasse groweth in diches and pondes and very moyst places The small Horsetayle or Shauegrasse groweth in low shadowy places and also in dry sandie fieldes †The Tyme The naked stēmes of the great Horsetayle do spring vp in May. The shutes and blossoms of the small Horsetayle do spring in Aprill shortly after cōmeth vp the stemmes set full of small russhes †The Names These herbes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Equisetū Equiseta Equiselis Equinalis and Salix Equina in Shoppes Cauda equina in Italiā Asprella Codo di cauallo prela in Spanish Cola de mula Rabo de mula in English Horse tayle and Shauegrasse in highe Douch Schaffthew in base Almaigne Peertsteert The greater kinde is called Equisetum maius of some Asprella in English great Shauegrasse and Horse tayle in high Douch grosz Schaffthew Roszschwātz Pferdtschwantz Roszwadel Kannenkraut in base Almaigne groot Peertsteert and Kannencruyt The small is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Equisetum minus aut alterum and Equitium And of some as Anthonius Musa writeth Sceuola in English smal Shauegrasse and of some Tadpipes in high Douch kleyn Schaffthew Katzenwedel Ratzenschwantz Katzen saghel in base Almaigne cleyn Peertsteert and Cattensteert Equisetum maius The great Shauegrasse or Horse tayle †The Nature These two Shauegrasses or Horse tayles are colde in the first degree and dry in the second astringent and drying without sharpnesse ⧠The Vertues The decoction of Horse tayle in wine or water dronken stoppeth all fluxe of bloud al other extraordinary fluxes especially the inordinate issue of floures it doth also cure the bloudy flixe and dangerous laske and all other kinde of laskes And for all the aforesayde entents it is a soueraigne remedie as Galen writeth The iuyce of this herbe dronken alone or with wine is of the same operation and effect Horse tayle or Shauegrasse being taken in manner aforesayde is most cōuenient and profitable for all vlcers sores and hurtes of the kidneys the bladder and bowels and against all burstings Horse tayle with his roote boyled is good against the Cough the difficultie and payne of fetching breath and against inwarde burstings as Dioscorides and Plinie writeth The iuyce thereof put into the Nose stancheth the bleeding of the same and with a Pessarie or Mother Subpository conueyed into the naturall places of women stoppeth the floures The same pounde and strowed vpon freshe and greene woundes ioyneth them togither and healeth them also it preserueth them from inflammation And so dothe the powder of the same herbe dryed and strowed vpon new and greene woundes Of white Roote / Solomons seale Chap. lxix ⧠The Kindes WHite roote or Salomons seale is of two sortes The one called the great or broade Seale of Salomon The other is the small and narrow Salomons seale Polygonatum latifolium Broade leaued white roote Polygonatum angustifolium Narrow leaued white roote †The Description THe great Salomons seale hath long roūd stalkes the leaues be long and greene larger longer softer then bay leaues betwixt the whiche leaues and the stalke vpon short stemmes hang pleasant white greene floures long and hollow three or foure togither so that euery stalke doth commonly bring forth moe floures than leaues The floures perisshed they turne into rounde bearies
the which be greene at the first and afterward blacke like Iuy beries or whortes The roote is long of the quantitie of ones fingar full of knobbes or ioyntes and of colour white with many hearie strings in taste at the first sweete but afterward somewhat sharpe and bitter The smal Salomons seale doth not much varie from the other sauing that his leaues be narrower do not grow alone or seuerally one by one but foure or fiue grow out of one knot or ioynte rounde about the stalke almost starre fashion The floures are greener and the fruyte is blacker than the other The roote is smaller and slenderer in all poynts els like to the aforesayde †The Place The great Salomons seale groweth in this country in dry wooddes standing vpon mountaynes The second also groweth in mountaynes and wooddes especially in Almaigne A man shall not lightly finde it in this countrey except in the gardens of such as haue pleasure in herbes †The Tyme They do both floure in May and Iune †The Names Salomons seale is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Polygonatum in Shoppes Sigillum Salomonis in Italian Frassinella in Spanish Fraxinella in English also Scala coeli White roote or white wurte in high Douch Weiszwurtz in French Signet de Salomon in base Almaigne Salomons seghel in the Tuscane tunge Frassinella †The Nature Salomons seale is of Nature hoate and dry abstersiue or clensing somewhat astringent †The Vertues The roote of Salomons seale pound doth close vp and heale the woundes wherevpon it is layde The same being freshe and new gathered to be pounde and layde vpon or if one be annoynted with the iuyce thereof it taketh away all spottes freckles blacke and blew markes that happen by beating falling or brusing whether it be in the face or in any other parte of the body This herbe neither yet his roote is good to be taken into the body as Galen writeth Of Fleaworte / or Fleabane Chap. lxx †The Description THe leaues of Fleebane be long narrow and hearie amongst whiche springe vp rounde and tender branches set ful of leaues like them aforesayde but smaller garnisshed at the top with little long round spikie knappes like eares with greenish floures or blossoms which do afterward change into a browne and shyning seede in proportion colour and quantitie like vnto Fleas †The Place This herbe groweth in fieldes and deserte places as Dioscorides saith In this countrey men sow it in gardens and wher as it hath bene once sowē it groweth continually afterwarde of his owne sowing or sheding of seede †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August and sometimes also the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Psyllium and Herba Pulicaris in Shoppes Psyllium in Italian Psillio Psyllion in Spanish Zargatona in English Fleawurte and Fleabane in French Herbeaux poulces in high Douch Flohekraut in base Almaigne Vloycruyt †The Nature The seede of Psyllium or Fleaworte whiche is chiefly vsed in medicine is colde in the second degree and temperate in moysture and drynesse As Galen and Serapio writeth †The Vertues The seede of Fleabane boyled in water or stiped dronken purgeth downewardes Aduste and Cholerique humors by sides this it swageth payne and slaketh the inflammation and heate of the entrayles or bowels and is good agaynst hoate Feuers or burning Agues and all inwarde heates and against great drouth and thirst The same seede somewhat brused but not brokē parched at the fire is good against the bloudy flixe and vehement laske especially whan they proceede of taking strong and violent medicines The seede therof mengled with oyle of Roses vineger or water is good to be straked or applied vnto hoate griefes of the ioynts the apostems swellings behind the eares and other hoate swellings also it is good against head ache The same layde too with vineger is good against the going out of the Nauell and the bursting of yong children The water wherin the seede hath bene soked or stiped is good to be layd to the burning heate called S. Antonies fire and to all hoate swellings It is also good to be dropped into running eares and against the wormes in the same Some holde that if this herbe whiles it is yet greene be strowed in the house that Fleas will not come nor ingender where as it is layed †The Daunger Too much of Fleabane seede taken inwardly is very hurtfull to mans nature it engendreth coldnesse and stiffenesie through out the body with pensiue heauinesse of the harte so that such as haue dronken thereof do sometimes fall into great distresse †The Remedie Whan one hath taken too much of the seede of Fleabane so that he feeleth some noyance or harme aboue all things it shal be good for him to prouoke vomite with medicines conuenient to cast vp if it be possible that which hath bene before takē Afterward giue him to drinke of the best most sauoury old wine that may be gotten by it selfe or boyled with Wormewood or wine mengled with hony and a little lie or the Decoction of Dyll as Serapio writeth And bysides this ye may giue him all things that is good against the dangers that happen of eating greene Coliander Of certayne Herbes / that fleete or swimme vpon the water Chap. lxxj †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of herbes that growe in aboue water whereof the greatest parte shal be described in other places other Chapters so that in this present Chapter wee shall intreate but onely of foure or fiue sortes of them that grow vpon the water †The Description THe first and most notable of these kindes of floting herbes the whiche is called water spyke or most cōmonly Pōdeweede hath long roūd knotty branches The leaues grow vpō smal short stems are large great flat layde and carried vpon the water somewhat like to great Plantayne but a great deale smaller The floures grow at the toppe of the branches aboue the water vpon long purple spykie knoppes like to the eares or spikes of Bistorte the which being perished there commeth vp round knoppes wherein the seede is inclosed whiche is harde Potamogeiton Ponde weede Viola Palustris Water violet or Gyllofer The second kinde hath long small stemmes The leaues be long and iagged very small spred abroade vnderneth the water alwayes fiue or sixe standing directly one against an other as the leaues of Madder or Woodrow euery leafe like to Tansie or Yerrow leaues but smaller and more iagged than the leaues of Tansie and greater and broader then the leaues of Yerrow or Milfoyle but not so finely cut as Milfoyle It bringeth forth his floures vpon stalkes or stemmes growing aboue the water alwayes three or foure floures set one against an other parted into fiue leaues like to a little wheele or like stocke Gillofers or like the floures of common Buglosse of
colour white and yellow in the middell The rootes be nothing else but like to long small blacke threedes and at that ende whereby they are fastened to the ground they are white and shyning like Cristall The third herbe swimming vpon the water is called Morsus Ranae or Frog bitte and it hath round leaues layde flatte and spread vpon the water like the leaues of Asarabacca or Folefoote but smaller tied vpon shorte stemmes comming out from the roote The floures grow amongst the leaues and are white and a little yellow in the middell parted into three leaues much like in figure to the floures of water Plantayne the floures of water Milfoyle or Crabs clawe The roote is thicke and shorte with many long threedes or strings like the roote of water Milfoyle There is also carried vpon the water certayne little small greene rounde leaues not much larger then the seede of the pulse called Lentilles hauing vnder them for rootes very small white threddy strings are called water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues Polyanthemum palustre White Crowfoote or water Crowfoote Amongst the fleeting herbes there is also a certayne herbe whiche some call water Lyuerworte at the rootes whereof hang very many hearie strings like rootes the which doth oftentimes change his vppermost leaues according to the places where as it groweth That whiche groweth within the water carrieth vpon slender stalkes his leaues very small cut much like the leaues of the common Cammomill but before they be vnder the water and growing aboue about the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small rounde leaues somewhat dented or vneuenly cut about That kinde whiche groweth out of the water in the borders of diches hath none other but the small iagged leaues That whiche groweth adioyning to the water is sometimes drenched or ouerwhelmed with water hath also at the top of the stalkes small rounde leaues but much more dented than the round leaues of that whiche groweth alwayes in the water The floures of these herbes are white and of a good sent or smell with a certayne yellow in the middel like the floures of Crowfoote golde Cuppes or Strawbery floures whan they are gone there commeth rounde rough and prickley knoppes like the seede of Crowfoote or Golde knappes †The Place These herbes grow in standing waters and diches †The Tyme Water Spike and Frogge bitte do floure most commonly in Iune The others in May. †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fontalis Fontinalis of some Spicata vnknowen in Shoppes in English Water spike and Pōdeweede in French Espi d'eaue and Bete Aquatigue in high Douch Zamkraut in base Almaigne Fonteyncruyt The second is counted of some of the wryters in these dayes for a kinde of the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Millefolium Some call it in French Gyroflee d'eaue in Latine Viola palustris in base Almaigne Water Filieren in English Water Gillofer The thirde is called Morsus ranae that is to say Frogge bitte it hath none other Greeke nor Latin name that I know it is called in base Almaigne Vorschen Beet Cleyn plompen that is Paruam Nymphaeā or small Waterlyllie The water Lentyll is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lens palustris or Lacustris in Shoppes Lenticula aquae in English water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues in high Douch Meerlinsen in base Almaigne water Linsen and of some Eynde gruen The fifth whiche is like to Golde cuppe in his floure and seede seemeth in sight to be a kinde of Ranunculus or Crowfoote called in Greeke Polyanthemon Therefore it may be well called in Latine Polyanthenium palustre or Aquaticum in English white Crowfoote water Crowfoote in base Almaigne Witte or water Boterbloemen The Apothecaries of this time do call it Hepatica and Hepatica aquatica or Palustris And do very erroniously vse it for Hepatica †The Nature Pondeweede doth coole and so doth Frogge bitte and water Lentill or Grayues †The Vertues Pondeweede or water Spyke is good to be layde to rotten and consuming or fretting sores and to sores that runne in the legges if it be layde to with hony and vineger as Plinie saith The Decoction thereof boyled in wine is good to be dronken against the bloudy flixe and all other laskes and hath the vertue like Knotgrasse as Galen wryteth Water Lentils or Grayues mengled with fine wheaten floure and layde too preuayleth much against hoate swellings as Phlegmons Erisipeles and the paynes of the ioyntes The same doth also helpe the falling downe of the siege or Arsegut in yong children It is also good against the bursting of young children The three other kindes are not vsed in Medicine Of Alysson Chap. lxxij †The Description THe stem of this herbe is right straight parting it self at the top into three or foure smal branches The leaues be first round and after long whitish and rough or somewhat woolly in handling It bringeth foorth at the top of the branches little yellow floures afterward small rough whitish and flat huskes and almost round fasshioned lyke Bucklers wherein is conteyned a flat seede almost like to the seede of Castell or stocke Gillofers but greater †The Place Alysson as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpō rough mountaynes is not founde in this countrey but in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iune and the seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Alyssum this is Dioscorides Alysson for Alyssa of Galen and Plinie are vnlike to this of some late writers Lunaria maior This is the right Alysson of Dioscorides for the Alysson of Galen and Plinie is not like vnto this †The Nature Alysson is of a drying nature as Galen writeth Alysson †The Vertues Alysson dronken or holden to the Nose to smell at driueth away yexing or the Hicket The same taken with other meates cureth the rage or madnesse caused by the byting of a madde Dogge The same hanged in the house or at the gate or entry keepeth both man and beast from enchantments and witching Of Scabius Chap. lxxiij †The Kyndes THere are found in this coūtrey three kindes of Scabius like one to an other aswell in the floures as in the leaues Scabiosa Communis Scabius Scabiosae tertium genus Sheepes Scabius †The Description THe first kinde which is the most common the greatest at his first cōming vp his leaues be long and small of a grayishe hore colour and hearie spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp round and hearie shootes or stēmes bearing leaues very iagged of a hoare grayishe colour hearie also in fasshion somewhat like to the leaues of the great Valerian whiche we call Setwall At the toppe of the stalkes groweth blewish floures in thicke tuffets fasshioned like to
playted or crested huskes other coddes or huskes whiche be somewhat long and round wherein the seede whiche is blacke is conteyned The roote is long and small †The Place These floures are planted in the gardens of this countrie †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly and August Lychnis satiua †The Names These kinde of floures are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lychnis coronaria and Lychnis satiua of some Athanatos and Acydonium of Plinie Iouis flos in English Rose Campion in French Oeillets Oeillets Dieu in high Douch Margenrosrlin Marien rosen and accordingly they are now called in Latine Rosa mariana in base Almaigne they are most commonly called Christus ooghen †The Nature The floures are hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The seede with the floure or either of them alone dronken are good against the stinging of Scorpions Of wilde Campion Chap. x. †The Kindes THere be two sortes of these floures that is to say a white and a redde whereof the white kinde is the greater and of a larger grothe The redde is smaller and lesse ⧠The Description THe wilde white Campion hath a rough white stemme The leaues be white cottony much like to the leaues of Campions sauing that the stalkes be slenderer and the leaues narrower and not so white The floures growe out of a rough huske greater then the huske of the garden Rose Campion and the proportion of the floure is muche like to the same but more indented aboute the edges and without any sharpe poynted peake in the middell the floures being vanisshed there commeth after them rounde bollettes or pellets in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is ordinarily of the length of a foote and halfe and as thicke as a finger Lychnis syluestris alba The white wilde Campion Lychnis syluestris purpurea The purple wilde Campion The redde wilde Campions are in all things like to the white sauing that they grow not so high and their roote is not so long but is for the moste parte shorter and hearie The floures be redde and in proportion like to the other †The Place These floures grow in vntilled groūdes in the borders of fieldes alongst the wayes some also vse to set them in gardens and it commeth to passe that by often setting they waxe very double †The Tyme They floure most commonly from May vntill the ende of Somer †The Names The wilde Campions are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lychnis syluestris of some Tragonatum Hieracopodium or Lampada in the Shoppes of this countrie Saponaria howbeit this is not the right Saponaria in English wilde Campion or wilde rose Campion and of some Crowesope in high Douch Lydweyck wilde Margenroszlin and in some places widerstosz in Brabant Iennettekens †The Nature These floures with their plante are in temperament like to garden rose Campions †The Vertues The seede and floures with the whole herbe of the wilde Campions are very good against the stinging of Scorpions in somuch that their vertue is so great in this behalfe that this herbe onely throwen before the Scorpions taketh away their power to do harme The seede taken in quantitie of two Drammes purgeth downewarde the hoate and cholerique humors Of Cockle / or fielde Nigella Chap. xi ⧠The Description COckle or fielde Nigelweede hath straight slender hearie stemmes the leaues be also long narrow hearie grayish The floures be of a browne purple colour changing towardes red diuided into fiue small leaues not much varying from the proportion of the wilde Campions after the which there groweth rounde bolleyns or cups wherein is cōteyned plenty of seede of a broune or russet colour †The Place These floures grow in the fieldes amongst the Wheate Rye and Barley †The Tyme It floureth in May Iune and Iuly †The Names This floure is now called amongst the learned mē Githago or Nigellastrum or Pseudolanthium of some flos Micancalus as Ruellius writeth in English field Nigella or Cockle in high Douch Raden Groszraden and Kornrosz in Brabant Corenroosen and Negelbloemen in French Nielle Anthemon †The Temperament and Vertues The vertues temperament of this herbe are not yet knowē bicause it is not in vse sauing of certayne fonde people whiche do vse it in the steede of Yuray or Darnell or for the right Nigella to the great daunger and perill of the sicke people Of Blew Gottell / or Cornefloure Chap. xij ⧠The Description CYanus hath a crested stalke vpon the whiche growe narrowe sharpe poynted grayishe leaues whiche haue certayne natches or cuts about the edges sharpe corners like teeth About the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small round buttons whiche be rough scalie out of the whiche grow pleasant floures of fiue or sixe small iagged leaues most commonly blew especially the wilde kinde Sometimes also those that grow in gardens do beare grayish purple crimsen and white floures the whiche being vanisshed there groweth within the scalye huskes heades certayne long seede whiche is inclosed in a hearie downe or Cotton There is also in certayne gardens an other kynde of Cyanus whose floures be lyke to the aforesayde it hath greate broade leaues larger than the leaues of the garden Rose Campion the whiche bee also softe and woolly lyke the leaues of Mullen The floures of this hearbe are lyke to Cyanus Corne floure Cyanus maior Great Corne floure the other Cyanus floures both in his Scaly knopped buttons as also in his iagged or frenged leaues seede but a great deale larger and of colour blew in the middle turning somwhat towards redde or purple The roote is of long continuance and sendeth forth new stemmes and springs yearely †The Place Cyanus or Blew bottell groweth in the fieldes amongst the wheate but specially amongst Rie Those which haue the white and purple floures and the great Cyanus are sowen and planted in gardens ⧠The Tyme These floures do flowrish from May vntill August †The Names This floure is called of Plinie in Latine Flos Cyanus of some later wryters Baptisecula or Blaptisecula in Italian Fior Campesi in English of Turner Blewbottell and Blewblaw it may also be called Hurte Sicle and Cornefloure in French Aubifoines Bleuets Perceles and Blaucoles in high Douch Kornblumen in Brabant Corenbloemen and Roghbloemen The second kinde is called Cyanus maior and is counted of the learned for a kinde of Verbascum and therefore they call it Thryallis and Lychnitis in high Douch it is called Waldt kornblumen and in Brabant groote Corenbloemen we may also call it in English great Cornefloure and wilde Cornefloure †The Temperament Cyanus or Blewblaw is colde and dry †The Vertues This Cornefloure brused or pound is profitably layde vnto the rednesse the inflammation and running of the eyes or to any kinde of Phlegmon or hoate tumor about the eyes The distilled water of Cyanus cureth the rednesse and payne of the
pastures of Zealand And it is also planted in gardens where as it prospereth ouermuch for it doth so spread abroade and multiplie that it hurteth other herbes and cannot easily be weeded or ouercome Auicularia groweth in good ground in fields amongst wheate or where as wheate hath growen †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names The Belflower is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Trachelium Ceruicaria and Vuularia according to the Douch name in English they be called Belfloures and of some Canterbury Belles The Plante may be very wel called Haskewurte or Throtewurte in French Gantel'ee in high Douch Halszkraut in base Almaigne Halscruyt And they are like the kindes of Rampions as the Couentrie Marians violet or wilde Rape is whereof shall be written here vnder The thirde kinde is vnknowen in the Shoppes of this countrie The Herboristes of Fraunce do call it Auicularia the Brabanders call it Urouwen spiegel And I know none other name except it be the herbe that is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Onobrichis that is to say the braying or sounding againe of the Asse wherevnto it hath some small proportion or similitude †The Nature Belfloure is of a complexion colde and dry like to Rampion wherfore it may be vsed in meate as the Rampions †The Vertues The Belfloure boyled in water is soueraigne to cure the payne and inflammation of the necke and inside of the throte and it is good against all vlcerations of the mouth if one do gargle or wash his mouth therewithall Of Autumne Belfloures / or Calathian Violets Chap. xxj ⧠The Description AMongst all the kindes of Belfloures there is none more beutiful in colour then this it hath small straight knottie stemmes at euery knot or ioint it hath two leaues set directly one against an other whiche be long narrow by each side whereof as also at the top of the stalke groweth forth pleasant floures whiche be long hollow alwayes bending outwardes like to a small long bell with two or three small white threedes in the middle They are of a blew colour so cleare and excellent that they seeme to passe the azured skies Whan they are paste there cōmeth vp in the middle of the floure a round long huske full of long small seede Calathiana viola †The Place These pleasant floures grow in moyst medowes low vntilled groundes standing in frutefull soyles ⧠The Tyme They are in floure about the end of August and September †The Names Plinie calleth these floures in Latine Campanulae Autumnales Viola Autumnalis we may also cal them in English Autumne Belfloures Calathian violets or Autumne violets in high Douch they are called Lungen blume for the which cause Cordus calleth them Pneumonanthe and truly it seemeth to be a certayne kinde of Gentian in base Almaigne it is called blauw Leliekens and Duysent schoon †The Temperament and Vertues The temperament nature and propertie of these pleasant little floures are very like vnto Gentian as the bitter taste declareth Of Marians violet / or Couentrie Belles Chap. xxij †The Description THis braue pleasant floure hath his first leaues whiche grow next the ground long broade and somwhat hearie not much vnlike the leaues of wild rose Campions from the middest whereof springeth vp the second yeare after the sowing or planting one stalke or moe full of branches set with suche like leaues but somwhat smaller there grow vpon the sayde branches many fayre and pleasant hollow floures most commonly of a cleare purple colour and sometimes white in proportion very well like to the common Belfloure but much larger and rounder and not so deepely cut about the brimmes or edges the whiche also before their opening are folden togither as it were with fiue crested playtes or edges Whan they are past there cōmeth vp smal roūd buttons or huskes with fiue rough endes or tayles whiche be hollow short plyed or turned backe in all things else like to the knops or huskes of Rampion or the common Belfloure The seede is in the middle of the sayde knoppie huskes it is small broune coloured like a Chestnutte The roote is white and thicke and putteth forth by the sides diuers other rootes Viola Mariana †The Place These pleasant floures grow about Couentrie in England and are founde sowen in the gardens of Herboristes and are not yet very common ⧠The Tyme They floure from Iuly vntill September and afterwarde and notwithstanding though they seeme alwayes to floure yet they do also beare seede so that oftentimes as soone as this herbe beginneth to floure one may alwayes finde vpon the same buddes floures and ripe seede †The Names Men do now call these pleasant floures in Latine Violae Marianae that is to say in English Marianes violets we may also cal them Couentrie Rapes in base Almaigne Marietes of the old writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Rapum syluestre Of this kind also are the Belfloures described afore in the xx Chapter of this Booke †The Nature These floures and their roote specially are colde and dry †The Vertues Their vertue is all one with the other Belfloures and may be vsed in like sorte They vse about Couētrie in England where as great store of these plantes do grow to eate their rootes in Salads as Pena writeth in his booke intituled Stirpium aduersaria noua Fol. 138. Of Blew belles Chap. xxiij †The Description THese floures whan their plant beginneth first to spring vp out of the ground haue small rounde leaues like to Marche violets amongst the whiche springeth vp a long high hollow stalke set with long narrow swartgreene leaues amongst the whiche also at the top of the stalke grow fayre Belles or hollow floures greater than the floures of Rampion of colour blew turning towardes purple most commonly but sometimes also they be white Whan they are fallen away the seede is founde in small bullets or huskes like Rampion seede The roote is small and threedie The whole plante is full of white sappe or iuyce like milke the whiche commeth foorth whan the herbe is broken or brused and tasteth like Rampions There is also a wild kinde of these floures the which is like to the aforesaid in growing leaues stalkes floures and seede Neuerthelesse it is a great deale and in all respects smaller and it yeeldeth a white iuyce also like the first There is also a certayne thirde kinde of this Blew belfloure muche greater than the first his stalkes be long and high his leaues be somewhat large and it hath very many floures growing alongst the stalkes as it were littell small Belles of a fayre blew colour and after them certayne hollow little huskes or Celles his roote at the first is long and slender but whan the plante waxeth olde the roote is full of knots and knobbes and diuided into sundry branches and finally this herbe is
leaues do not bende inwarde one towarde another After the sayde flowers folowe certayne triangled great coddes or huskes separating them selues into three partes when they are rype in them is playne sede which is very thicke flat or thrust togither The rootes also grow crokedly lyke the others but they be smaller harde and knottie in the outsyde of a Chesnut colour and white within or somewhat yellowe †The Place The flower Deluces or Irices do growe in diuers Countries most commonly in lowe groundes about the bankes of riuers and waters The three first kindes are meetely common in Englande Brabant and Flaunders The fourth also is sometimes founde in gardens But the brauest of them with the flowers twixt purple violet commeth to vs from Spayne and Portingale The smaller flower Deluces are but strangers with vs neyther doo they growe of them selues amongst vs. The narrow leaued Ireos groweth in certayne playnes of Germanie and in lowe moyst places also it is founde in open feeldes †The Tyme The Irides or flower Deluces do most commonly flower about May and the smaller somwhat before the others and the narrow leaued flower Deluce last of all But in Portingal and Spayne they flower at the later ende of Autumne a litle before winter †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as Atheneus and Theophrastus write 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Iris Consecratix Radix Naronica That kinde whose flower is of purple and blewe is called of some Iris Germanica in Shops Iris of others Lilialis and Spatula in English also Iris and of some blew flower Deluce and garden flagges in Italian Giglio azuro Giglio celeste in Spanishe Lirio Cardeno in high Douche Blauw Gilgen Blauw Schwertel Himmel Schwertel in base Almaigne Blauw Lisch in French Flambe That kinde with the white flower is called of the most part Iridem florentinam in Shoppes Ireos especially the dried rootes by the which name it is knowen of the Clothworkers and Drapers for with these rootes they vse to trimme their clothes to make them sweete and pleasant in English White flower Deluce and of some Iris florentine and the rootes be commōly called Ireos in Italian Giglio bianche in French Flambe blanche in high Douch Violwurtz weisz Violwurtz in neather Douchland Wit Lisch and the rootes of this white flower Deluce are iudged for the best Ireos especially when we shall haue neede to vse of the dried rootes That kinde which beareth the faire purple flower is now called in Latine Lusitanica Iris and Iris ferotina that is to say Portingale Iris and late Iris in Douche Spade Lisch and Lisch van Portegall Finally that kinde with the narrow leaues is called in Latine Iris angustifolia or Iris tenuifolia and Iris Caerulea in Englishe Narrowe bladed Ireos in high Douche Blo Schwertel that is blewe Lillie †The Nature The Ireos rootes being yet greene and newe gathered are hoate and dry in the thirde degree they burne in the mouth or throte when they are tasted but when they be dry they are euer or alwaies hoate but in the second degree neuerthelesse they be euer drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The greene and new gathered rootes of Iris and specially the iuyce therof doo purge downewarde mightily and bring foorth yellowe choler and almost al waterish humours and are therfore good against the dropsie but they may not be taken but in smal quantitie and yet they ought to be well mingled with thinges that coole for otherwise they wil inflame the very bowels But the same roote dried prouoketh not the belly but it prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone The rootes of Iris bring foorth the flowers whether the same be receiued into the body or conueyed in with Pessaries or els mingled in bathes and stewes made for the purpose The same rootes doo clense the breast and the lunges and ripe tough fleme and slimie humours and they loose the same and make them thinne they are good against the shortnesse of breath and an old cough to be mixed with sugar or honie and often taken into the mouth or licked on The same rootes dronken with vineger or water are good against the bitinges and stinginges of Scorpions and other venemous beastes This roote is very good for them that are troubled with the paine and stopping of the milt or splene for them that haue any member shronken or sprong out of ioynt or displaced or taken with the Crampe stiffe or benummed The same roote or the powder thereof put into the nose causeth Sternutation or niesing and draweth foorth tough colde and slymie humours The same roote mingled with hony doth mundifie and clense corrupt and filthy vlcers and draweth foorth shiuers and splinters of wood and broken bones out of the fleshe it doth also regenerate and increase newe fleshe it is very good against the vlcers and blisters of the fingers and toes that rise about the nayles aswell in the handes as in the feete with conuenient oyles and oyntmentes it helpeth the impostumes and chappes or riftes of the fondement The rootes of Iris and the rootes of white Hellebor with twise asmuche honie is good to annoynte the face against the lentiles freckles pimples and all other spottes and blemishes of the face for they clense the same The same mingled with oyle of Roses is good against the headache when it is annoynted therwith †The choyse The best and most conuenient in medicine are the Ireos rootes whiche growe in Sclauonia the next is the Iris of Macedonia and the thirde best is that whiche groweth in Africa as Dioscorides and Plinie write but the African Ireos is muche discommended of Galen At this day the white Ireos is taken for the best especially the Ireos of Florence whiche is called in shops Ireos and Ireos Florentina of the base Almaignes Of small floure Deluce / or dwarffe Ireos Chap. xxxvi ⧠The Description THat kinde of flagge whiche we do nowe call the small floure Deluce hath narrow long blades almoste like the leaues of the right Gladin but of a browner greene somewhat thicker The stalkes are shorter thā the leaues but onely of a span long the which do beare two or three small floures vpon shorte stēs standing all togither at the very top of the sayd stalkes and not one aboue an other as other Flagges These floures are almost like the floures of the other flagges sauing that they be smaller the three first leaues that hange downeward haue not such hearie strakes or lines as are to be perceyued in the other floure Deluces Their colour for the most parte is a cleare blewe straked in certayne places with small lines points of white yellow alongst the sides of the leaues that hang downewardes They be of a pleasant sauour sweeter and stronger than any of the other floure Deluces The roote is harde browne without and white within Chamae-iris †The Place This kinde
abouesaid as the white Brionie but not so strong yet it preuayleth muche against the falling euill and the giddinesse or turninges of the head to prouoke vrine the natural sicknesse of women to waste and open the Splene or Melt that is swollen or stopped The tender springes of this kinde of Brionie are also very good to be eaten in Salade for to purge waterie superfluities and for to open the belly neither more nor lesse then the white Brionie †The Danger The roote of Brionie by his violence doth trouble ouerturne the stomacke and other of the inner partes Moreouer the same with his leaues fruite stalkes and rootes is altogither contrarie and euill to women with childe whether it be prepared or not or whether it be mingled with other medicines insomuche that one cannot geue of the sayde roote or any other medicine compounded of the same without great daunger and perill †The Correction The malice or noughtie qualitie thereof is taken away by putting thereto Masticke Ginger Cinamome and to take it with hony or with the decoction of Raysons Of the wilde Vine / Brionie / or Our Zadies Seale Chap. xlvij †The Description OVR Ladies Seale hath long branches flexible of a wooddishe substance couered with a gaping or clouen barke growing very high and winding about trees and hedges lyke the branches of the Vine The leaues are lyke the leaues of Morelle or garden Night shade but much greater not much varying from the leaues of the greater Wythie winde or Bindeweede the flowers be white smal and mossie after the fading of whiche flowers the fruite commeth clustering togither like little grapes or Raysons red when it is ripe hanging within three or foure kernelles or seedes The roote is very great and thicke and sometimes parted or diuided at the ende into three or foure partes of a brownishe colour without and white within and clammie like the roote of Comferie †The Place In this Countrie this herbe groweth in low and moyst woods that are shadowed and waterie ¶ The Tyme It flowreth in Maye and Iune and the fruite is ripe in September †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vitis syluestris that is to say the Wild Vine yet this is not that kind of wild Vine the which men cal Labrusca for that resembleth altogither the garden and manured Vine but this as is aforesayde is a plant or herbe of the kindes of Bryonie the which is also called in Greeke Ampelos that is to say a vine bycause that it groweth high winding it self about trees hedges like the vine And of this I haue thought good to geue warning lest any hereafter happen to fal into errour with Auicen Serapion other of the Arabian Phisitions thinking that Labrusca and Vitis syluestris shoulde be any other then one selfe plante Columel calleth this plante Tamus by folowing of whom Plinie called the fruite Vua Taminea this plant is called in some places Salicastrum It is called in Shoppes of some Apothecaries Sigillum beatae Marię that is to say the Seale or Signet of our Ladye in Italian Tamato it may be called in Frenche Couleuree sauuage in Douche Wilde Bryonie bycause it is a kinde of Bryonie as a difference from the right wilde Vine Vitis syluestris Some take this herbe for Cyclaminus altera but their opinion may be easily reproued and founde false bycause this herbe hath a very great roote and as Dioscorides writeth Cyclaminus altera hath an vnprofitable and vaine roote that is to say very small and of no substance †The Nature Wilde Bryonie is hoate and drie good to mundifie purge and dissolue †The Vertues The roote of this herbe boyled in water wine tempered with a litle Sea water and dronke purgeth downewarde waterie humours and is very good for suche as haue the Dropsie The fruite of this plant dissolueth all congeled blood and putteth away the markes of blacke and blewe stripes that remayne after beatinges or bruses freckles and other spottes of the skinne Like vertue hath the roote if it be scrapte or grated very small and afterwarde layde vpon with a cloth as aplayster as we our selues haue proued by experience The newe springes at their first comming vp are also good to be eaten in Sallade as the other two kindes of Bryonie are Of Clematis altera Chap. xlviij †The Kindes OF this kinde of plante or Withywinde the whiche for a difference from Pereuincle which is named Clematis in Latine and therfore men call this kind Clematis altera there be founde two kindes ouer and bysides that plant whiche is nowe called in Latine Vitalba and in Frenche Viorne the whiche some do also iudge to be a kinde of Clematis altera Clematisaltera Biting Pereuincle Clematis alterius altera species Bushe Pereuincle †The Description THE first kinde which is the right Clematis altera hath smal branches flexible and tender by the whiche it standeth and climbeth vp The leaues be long large growing three or foure togither very sharpe and byting the tongue The litle flowers be white The roote is litle and smal and ful of heary threddes or stringes The seconde kinde is much like to the aforesayde in branches leaues sauing that his leaues be greater his stalkes or branches stronger and in growing it is higher The flowers are large parted in foure leaues fashioned like a crosse of a blew or purple colour and nothing lyke the flowers of the other Vitalba or as the French men terme it Viorne which some take for Clematis altera hath long branches ful of ioyntes easie to ploy bigger longer thicker then the branches of the aforesayde not muche differing from the branches of the vine by the which it climbeth vpon and about trees and hedges vpon the sayde branches growe the leaues whiche for the most part are made and do consist of fiue leaues whereof eche leafe is of a reasonable breadth and not muche vnlike to the leaues of Iuye but smaller The flowers do growe as it were by tuftes and many togyther of a white colour and well smelling after whiche flowers past commeth the seede which is smal and somwhat browne bearing smal crooked and downie stemmes the roote is very full of small stringes or hearie threddes †The Place Clematis altera is a strange herbe and not found in this Countrie except in the gardens of some Herboristes The seconde is also a stranger in this Countrie but in Englande it groweth abundantly about the hedges in the borders of feeldes alongst by high wayes sides Vitalba is common in this Countrie and is to be founde in wooddes hedges and about the borders of feeldes †The Tyme The two first kindes do flower in this Countrie very late in August and September Vitalba Viorne or Wilde Vine But Vitalba flowreth in Iune †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in
Englishe Sea Holme or Huluer and Sea Holly The other kinde is called in English the Hundred headed Thistel in French Chardon a cent testes in high Douch Manstrew Brachen distel and Rad distel in base Almaigne Cruysdistel in the Shoppes also it is nowe called Iringus This without doubt is a kinde of Eringium the whiche may also very be well called Centumcapita †The Nature Sea Holly is temperate of heate and colde yet of drie and subtil partes The hundred headed Thistell is hoate and drie as one may easyly gather by the taste †The Vertues The first leaues of Eryngium are good to be eaten in Salade and was for that purpose so vsed of the Auncientes as Dioscorides writeth The rootes of the same boyled in wine and dronken are good for them that are troubled with the Colique and gripings of the belly for it cureth them and driueth foorth windinesse The same taken in the same manner bringeth foorth womens natural sicknesse It is good to drinke the wine wherein Sea Holly hath boyled against the stone and grauel and against the payne to make water for it prouoketh vrine driueth foorth the stone cureth the infirmities that chaunce to the kidneyes if it be dronken fiftiene dayes togither one after another The same rootes taken in the same manner are good for suche as be liuer sicke and for those that are bitten of any venemous beastes or haue receiued or dronke poyson especially if it be dronken with the seede of wilde Carrot It doth also helpe those that are troubled with the Crampe and the falling sicknesse The greene herbe is good to be pounde and layde to the bytinges of venemous beastes especially to the bitinges of Frogges The Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse to preserue and comfit the roote of Eringium to be giuen to the aged and olde people and others that are consumed or withered to nourishe and restore them againe The roote of Centumcapita or the Thistel of a hundred heades is likewise comfited to restore nourishe and strengthen albeit it commeth not neare by a great way to the goodnesse of the other Of Starre Thistel / or Caltrop Chap. lix †The Description STarre Thistell hath softe frised leaues deepely cutte or gaysle the stalkes grow of a foote and a halfe high full of branches wherevppon growe small knappes or heades like to other Thistelles but muche smaller and set rounde about with sharpe thornie prickles fashioned lyke a Starre at the beginning either greene or browne redde but afterwarde pale or white when those heades do opeÌ„ they bring foorth a purple flower afterwarde a small flat and round seede the roote is long and somewhat browne without ¶ The Place This Thistell groweth in rude vntoyled places alongst the waies is founde in great quantitie about the Marte Towne of Anwarpe nere to the riuer Scelde and alongst by the newe walles of the Towne †The Tyme This Thistell flowreth from the moneth of Iuly vntill August Carduus stellatus †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Carduus stellatus and Stellaria also Calcitâ—apa and some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Polyacanthus of Theophrast the which Gaza calleth in Latine Aculeosa they call it in Frenche Chaussetrape in high Douch Wallen Distell ano Raden Distel in base Almaigne Sterre distel in English Starre Thistel or Caltrop †The Nature This Thistel also is of a hoate nature as the taste of the roote doth shewe †The Vertues They vse greatly to take the powder of the seede of this Thistel in wine to drinke to prouoke vrine and to driue foorth grauel and against the strangury Of the Teasel Chap. lx †The Kindes THe Cardthistel or Teasel is of two sortes the tame the wild The tame Teasel is sowen of Fullers and clothworkers to serue their purposes the wilde groweth without husbanding of it selfe serueth to smal purpose Dipsacum satiuum Fullers Teasel Dipsacum syluestre Wilde Teasel THE Cardthistel his first leaues be long and large hackt round about with natches lyke the teeth of a sawe betwixt those leaues riseth a holowe stalke of three foote long or more with many branches set here and there with diuers hooked sharpe prickles and spaced or seuered by ioyntes at euery of the sayd ioyntes grow two great long leaues the which at the lower endes be so closely ioyned and fastened togither round about the stalke that it holdeth the water falling either by rayne or dewe so sure as a dishe or bason At the top of the branches growe long rough and prickle heades set full of hookes out of the same knops or heades grow smal white flowers placed in Celles and Cabbins like the honie Combe in whiche Chambers or Celles after the falling away of the flower is found a sede like Fenil but bitter in taste The knoppes or heades are holow within and for the most part hauing wormes in them the whiche you shall finde in cleauing the heades The roote is long playne and white The wild Teasel is much like to the other but his leaues be narrower and his flowers purple the hookes of this Teasel be nothing so harde nor sharpe as the other There is yet another wilde kinde of these Carde Thistels the which grow highest of al the other sortes whose knopped heades are no bigger then a nut in all thinges els lyke to the other wilde kindes †The Place The tame Teasel is sowen in this Countrie and in other places of Flaunders to serue Fullers and Clothworkers The wild groweth in moyst places by brookes riuers such other places †The Tyme Carde Thistel flowreth for the most part in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This kinde of Thistel is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dipsacum and LabruÌ„ Veneris of some also Chamaeleon Crocodilion Onocardion Cneoron Meleta Cinara rustica Moraria Carduus Veneris Veneris lauacrum Sciaria in Shoppes Virga Pastoris and Carduus Fullonum in French Verge de berger Cardon a Foulon or A Carder in high Douche Karten distel Bubenstrel Weberkarten in base Almaigne Caerden and Volders Caerden in Englishe Fullers Teasel Carde Thistell and Venus bath or Bason The tame Teasel is called Dipsacum satiuum and Dipsacum album The wilde Teasel is called Dipsaca syluestris or Purpurea †The Nature The roote of Carde Thistell as Galen saith is drie in the seconde degree and somwhat scouring †The Vertues The roote of Teasell boyled in wine and afterwarde pounde vntill it come to the substance or thicknesse of an oyntment healeth the chappes riftes and fistulas of the fundement But to preserue this oyntment ye must keepe it in a boxe of Copper The small wormes that are founde within the knoppes or heades of Teaselles do cure and heale the Quartayne ague to be worne or tyed about the necke or arme as Dioscorides writeth Of Artechokes Chap. lxi †The Kyndes There is now found two kindes of Artechokes the one with
of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens The other lykewise groweth in many places of Italy and Douchland and in Fraunce as Ruellius writeth it is yet vnknowen to vs. †The Tyme These two kindes of Carline do flower in Iuly and August †The Names The first of these Thistelles is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the whiche name is distinct and separated from Acantha leuce as Dioscorides writeth of some it is called Polygonatum Phyllon and Ischias of the Auncient Romaynes Spina alba nowe they call it Carlina or Carolina bycause of Charlemaigne Emperour of the Romaynes vnto whom an Angel first shewed this Thistel as they say when his armie was striken with the pestilence some call it also Cardopatium in Frenche Carline in high Douche Eberwurtz Grosz Eberwurtz and Waisz Eberwurtz in base Almaigne Euerwortele Witte Euerwortele and Carlina The other is also a kinde of Carline and is called in Frenche Petite Carline in high Douch Klein Eberwurtz and in base Almaigne according to the same it is called Euerwortele and Cleyne Carlina Some learned Fryers of Rome do thinke it to be that Thistel whiche is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina Arabica of some Acanthis and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha †The Nature The roote of Carline is hoate in the first degree and drie in the thirde †The Vertues The roote of Carline boyled in wine is very good for the olde greefes of the side and against the Sciatica if you drinke three little cupfulles of wine wherein it hath bene sodden The same taken in lyke manner is good for them that are bursten and troubled with the Crampe or drawing togither of the sinewes The same made into powder and taken to the quantitie of a Dramme is of singuler vertue against the Pestilence for as we may reade al the hoast of the Emperour Charlemaigne was by the helpe of this roote preserued from the Pestilence The same roote holden in the mouth is good against the tooth ache The same layde to with vineger healeth the scurffe and noughtie itche The lesser Carline is the Thistel which Dioscorides calleth Spina Arabica and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha it stoppeth all issue of blood the inordinate course of womens flowers and the falling downe of Rheumes and Catarrhes vpon the lunges and inwarde partes so that it be eaten Cooper saith that Leucacantha is a kinde of Thistel with white prickle leaues called in English Saint Marie Thistel Wherein he hath folowed Matthiolus if theirallegations be true this place is to be amended Seeke for Matthiolus Carlina in the Chapter Chameleon where as here citeth the tale of the Emperour Charlemaigne The figures here expressed Matthiolus vseth to Chameleon and to Leucacantha he hath giuen the figure of Saint Marie or our Ladyes Thistel whereof we haue before written Chapt. 63. Of Wilde Caroline Chap. lxviij †The Description THis Thistel hath loÌ„g narrow leaues deeply cut vpon both edges or sides and prickley much lyke to the leaues of Carlina from the middest of which leaues groweth vp a straight rounde small stemme about a foote high set ful of such leaues as are before described at the toppe whereof growe three or foure round heades or moe set full of sharpe prickles lyke the huskes of the Chestnut the which at their opening do spreade very brode in the middle and about the roundnesse therof it beareth litle pale yellowish leaues whiche is the flower To conclude the knoppes with their prickles flowers and seede do much resemble the heades or knoppes of Caroline sauing they be smaller paler turning towardes yellowe The roote is small and hoate vppon the tongue †The Place This Thistel groweth in this Countrie in rude vntoyled places about the high wayes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August Carlina syluestris †The Names This Thistel is called in high Douch Dreydistel Frauwen Distel and Seuw Distel and in base Almaigne likewise Dryedistel It shoulde seeme that this is a sorte or kinde of Carline and therefore we call it Carlina syuestris that is to say Wilde Carline It may be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acorna of Theophraste †The Nature This Thistel is hoate of complexion But what vertue or working it is of is yet vnknowen Of wilde bastarde Saffron Chap. lxix †The Description THis Thistell is not muche vnlyke Carthamus that is to saye the right Bastarde Saffron The leaues be rough and prickley the little heades or knoppes are deckte with many small narrow leaues sharpe pointed and pricking out of which growe threddy or thrommed flowers lyke as in Carthamus of a faynt yellowishe colour but much paler than the flowers of Carthamus The flowers past there is founde within the knoppie heades a seede lyke the seede of Carthamus but browner ¶ The Place This Thistel groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but is sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme This Thistel flowreth very late in August and September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atractilis Syluestris Cnecus Fusus agreâ—â—is Colus rustica of some also Amyron Aspidion Aphedron and PrÄ™sepium they call it nowe a dayes Syluestris Carthamus in French Quenoille rustique Saffran bastard sauuage in Douch Wilde Carthamus vnknowen in Shoppes in Englishe Wilde Carthamus or Wilde bastarde Saffron †The Nature Wild bastard Saffron hath a drying qualitie and partly digestiue †The Vertues The tender Croppes leaues and seede of this Thistel wel brayed with Pepper and wine is very good to be layde to the bitinges of Scorpions Men say also as Dioscorides hath written that such as be stongue with the Scorpion do feele no payne nor greefe so long as they beare this herbe in their handes but as soone as they let it goe the ache and payne taketh them agayne Atractilis Of Blessed Thistel Chap. lxx †The Description BLessed Thistell hath long rough hoare leaues deepely cut and parted on both sides or edges The stalkes be also rough hearie creeping or rather lying vpon the ground and set full of smal leaues but lyke the other it beareth rough knoppes or heades beset rounde about with long and sharpe poynted little prickley leaues out of whiche growe the flowers of a faint yellowish colour The whiche being past and gone there is founde in the knoppes a long gray seede bearded with bristelles at the vpper ende laid and wrapped in a soft downe or Cotton The roote is long and tender full hearie threddes †The Place This Blessed Thistell is sowen in gardens Atractilis birsutior †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is also taken of Plinie and Theophrast for a kind of Atractilis and they call it Atractilis hirsutior It is nowe called in Shoppes Carduus benedictus and Cardo benedictus and accordingly in Frenche they call it Chardon beniss in high Douch Cardobenedict and Besegneter Distel in base Almaigne
adioyning to waters and ditches The second kind is a stranger in this Countrie therfore not to be founde but amongst certaine diligent herboristes Althaea Marshe Mallowe or flymie Mallowe Ibiscus Theophasti Abutilon Auicennae Yellow Hibiscuus or Abtilno †The Time It flowreth togither with the other Mallowes The seconde forte is sowen in Marche or Aprill and deliuereth his flower and seede about the ende of Sommer †The Names These kindes of Mallowes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Althaea and Hibiscus of Galen Anadendron of some Aristalthaea in shoppes Bismalua and Maluauiscum in French Guymaulue in high Douche Ibisch oder Eibisch in base Almaigne Witte Malue or Witte Huemst in English Marrish Mallowe and white Mallowe The seconde kind is called of Theophrastus also in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Hibiscus and to be knowen from the other Hibiscus Theophrasti of Auicenne it is called Abutilon by the whiche name it is knowen of the Herboristes †The Nature Marshe Mallow is temperate in heate as the other Mallowes but dryer euen in the first degree †The Vertues The roote of Marsh Mallow boyled in wine and dronken is good against the paine and griefe of the grauel and stone the blooddy flixe the Sciatica the trembling shaking of any member for suche as are troubled with crampes and burstinges The same boyled in sweet new milke healeth the cough as Plinie writeth It is good also against the toothache for it swageth the payne being boyled in vineger and holden in the mouth The same boyled in wine or honyed water and brused or pounde very smal doth cure and heale newe woundes and it doth dissolue and consume all colde tumours and swellinges as wennes and hard kernelles also the impostumes that chaunce behinde the eares and for the burning impostume of the pappes it softeneth tumours it ripeth digesteth breaketh and couereth with skinne olde impostumes and blastinges or windie swellinges it cureth the riftes and chappes of the fundament and the trembling of the smewes sinewie partes The same so prepared and pounde with Swines grease Goose grease or Turpentine doth mollifie and swage the impostumes and sores of the mother and openeth the stoppinges of the same being put in as a pessarie or mother suppositorie The leaues are good for all the greefes aforesayde being vsed in like manner yet they be nothyng so vertuous as the roote The leaues of marshe Mallow beyng layde to with oyle do heale the burninges and scaldinges with fire and water and are good against the bytinges of men and Dogges and against the stinginges of Bees and Waspes The seede greene or dried pounde and dronke healeth the blooddy flyxe and stoppeth the laske and all issue of blood The seede eyther greene or dry layd to with vineger taketh away freckles or fowle spottes of the face both white and blacke but ye must annoynt your selfe eyther in the hoate Sonne or els in a hoate house or stewe The same boyled eyther in water vineger or wine is good to be dronken of them whiche are stongue with Bees and Waspes Of verueyne Mallow / or cut Mallow Chap. xxvi †The Description CUT Mallow as witnesseth Diosorides is a kind of wild Mallow whose leaues are more clouen deeper â—…t and diuided into sundry partes almost lyke the leaues of Veruayne but muche larger The stalkes be round and straight two or three foote high The flowers be of a cleare redde or incarnate colour in figure like to the flowers of the other Mallowes after the flowers commeth the seede also fashioned lyke litle cheeses The roote is thicke and two foote long or more white within †The Place This herbe groweth in vntoyled places in the borders of fieldes and hedges and is not very common in this Countrie †The Tyme Cut Mallow flowreth at Midsomer as the other wilde Mallowes or Hockes Alcea †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Alcea vnknowen in shoppes of some Herba Simeonis Herba Hungarica in high Douche Sigmars kraut Sigmundswurtz or Hochlenten in Frenche Guymaulue sauuage â–ª in base Almaigne Sigmaerts cruyt in English Verueyn Mallow or cut Mallowe this is also a kinde of marshe or slymie Mallow Symons Mallow †The Nature Cut Mallow is temperate betwixt heate and colde and hath somewhat a drying nature †The Vertues The roote of cut Mallowe or Symons slymie Mallowe boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the blooddy flyxe and healeth and glueth togither woundes and inwarde burstinges Of Venisse Mallow Chap. xxvij †The Description THe Venitian Mallow hath rounde tender stalkes with handesome branches the leaues be of a darke greene thicke or fat clouen iagged not much vnlyke the leaues of cut Mallow or the wild Guy Mallow of a shining darke colour not muche vnlyke the colour of the leaues of Acanthus The flowers growe at the toppe of the stalkes and are the fayrest amongst al the sortes of Mallowes almost lyke in making to the flowers of the other Mallowes diuided also into fiue leaues the extremitie outside of the leaues are white or pale but the middle or inner part of the flower is of a browne red purple with a yellowe Dodkin or Pestil lyke golde in the middle These flowers do not open at all vntyll three or foure houres after sonne rising or an houre or two before noone or there aboutes and when they haue remayned open or spreade abrode the space of an houre or an houre a halfe they close togither agayne and fade or wither away the whiche being past there come in their steede little huskes or bladders wherein are smal knoppes or hearie pellettes in whiche is a blacke seede The roote is smal and tender and perisheth yerely so that it must be newe sowen euery yeere Alcea Veneta †The Place This herbe is a stranger in this Countrie and is not founde at all except in the gardens of some Herboristes where as it is sowen †The Tyme They sowe it in Marche or Aprill and it flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe of the later writers is taken for a kinde of Alcea and is called Alcea Veneta that is to say The slymie or Mucculage Mallow of Vennis of some Malua Theophrasti in high Douch Venediger Pappeln or wetter Roszlin in base Almaigne Veneetsche Maluwe This is not Hypecoon as Matthiolus takes it but it shoulde rather seeme to be Solanum Manicum described in the xcij. Chapter of the thirde booke wherevnto it resembleth muche †The Nature The Mucculage Mallowe is hoate and moyst lyke to the common Hocke or great wilde Mallow we may well presume that in operation and vertue it is lyke to the common Mallow yet for al that we haue no certayne experience of the same ⧠The Vertues Forasmuche as this Mallowe is hoate and moyst we may well presume that in operation and vertue it is lyke to the
space of a whole night abroade in the ayre in a rawe holow Gourde if it be dronken fasting The poulpe or inner substance of the Gourde pounde or brused doth slake and swage hoate swellinges and impostumes the inflammations and rednes of the eyes and especially the hoate payne of the gowte being layd to the greeued places The iuyce of the Gourde with oyle of roses dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The same is very good to be layd to in the same sort or by it selfe vnto scaldings burnings and chafinges and hoate Cholerique inflammations called Erisipelas or S. Antonies fier The croppes and tender branches dronken with sweete wine and a little vineger cureth the blooddy flixe The rinde or barke of the Gourde burned into ashes doth cure and make hoale the sores and blisters that come of burning and the old sores of the genitours being strowed therevpon The seede of the Gourde is almost of the lyke vertue with the seede of the Cucumber Of Rapes and Turneps Chap. xxxiij †The Description THe round Rape or turnep at the beginning hath great rough brode leaues whiche leaues in the ende next the stemme are deepely cut and iagged vpon both sydes and towards winter it will haue a round stalke vpon the which grow smal yellow flowers which bring foorth smal browne seede in litle coddes or huskes lyke Colewurtes to whiche the Rapes are muche like in flowers huskes seede The roote is rounde and thicke white both without and within somtimes as great as a mans head sometimes no bigger then ones fiste and sometimes smaller There is another kinde of Turnep or Rape yet not that sorte whiche some men call the red Rape or Nauew whereof we haue alredy spoken in the Chapt. of Beetes but another kinde very like to the rounde Rape or turnep aforesaid in rough leaues stalkes flowers coddes and seedes and and differeth but onely in this that his rootes or Turneppes are not white but red in all thinges els lyke to the other as I vnderstande by some Herboristes who haue declared vnto me that the noble and famous Queene Douager of Hungarie and Bohem doth cause them to be set and planted in her most ryche and pleasant gardens Rapa †The Place The Turnep loueth an open place it is sowen somwhere in vineyardes as at Huygarden and the Countrie theraboutes which do waxe very great but they are most commonly sowen in feeldes especially when the corne is ripe but they become nothing so great †The Tyme They are sowen at the beginning of sommer that they may waxe great and in Iuly and August after the cutting downe of corne but the later sowing are neuer very great about April when sommer is at hand they bring foorth stalkes and flowers The seede is ripe in May and Iune †The Names Rapes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rapae in French Naneaux in high Douch Ruben in base Almaigne Rapen in Englishe Rapes and Turneps ¶ The Nature Rapes are hoate and moyst of complexion †The Vertues The Turnep taken in meat nourisheth meetely wel so that it be moderately taken and wel digested but if a man take so muche thereof as may not be well digested it engendreth and stirreth vp much windynesse many superfluous humours in the body especially when it is eaten rawe for then it hurteth the stomacke causeth windinesse blastings and payne in the belly small guttes The same boyled in milke swageth the payne of the gowt being laid therto Dyle of roses put into a Turnep made holow for the purpose and then rosted vnder the hoate ashes or embers healeth the kibed heeles The broth of Rapes is good for the same purpose if the kibed heeles be washed and soked thereon and so is the Nauew or Turnep it selfe eyther baked or rosted good to be layd vpon mouldy and kibed heeles The croppes and young springes of Turneps eaten prouoke vrine and are good for suche as are troubled with the stone The seede of Turneps or Rapes withstandeth all poyson and therefore is put to the making of treacles whiche are medicines or dayned agaynst all poyson and for the swaging of paynes The oyle of the same seede is of the same efficacie and working and being taken rawe it expelleth the wormes that ingender in the body The roote prepared and vsed as is before said stirreth vp the pleasure of the body the seede dronken is of the same vertue the seede is also put into medicines that are made for the beautifying of the face and al the body as Dioscorides Galen and other approued aucthours testifie Rapes haue also a maruelous properrie to cleare the eyesight as Auerrois the Philosopher but enimie vnto Christ writeth Of the long Rape / or Nauet gentle Chap. xxxiiij ¶ The Kindes The Nauew is of two sortes tame and wilde †The Description NAuew gentle or garden long Rape hath great large leaues almost lyke the leaues of Turneps or round Nauewes but muche smoother The stalke is rounde of a cubite long vpon the whiche growe flowers huskes and seede lyke to Turnep The roote is very long and thicke in all thinges els like the Turnep or round Rape The wild Nauew is not much vnlyke the abouesayd sauing that his leaues are more iagged from the neather part euen vp to the top and the roote is not so long but shorter and rounder almost lyke to a wilde peare Napus hortensis Garden Rape Napus syluestris Wild Rape †The Place The Nauew gentle is much sowen in Fraunce especially about Paris The wilde Nauew groweth in some Countries alongest by riuers and brookes and such colde places †The Tyme The Nauew flowreth in the spring time like the Turnep and Colewortes †The Names The Nauew is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Napi in high Douche Steckruben in Brabant Steckrapen and Parijsche Rapen that is to say Long Rape and Paris Nauewes Garden Nauew is called in Latine Napus satiuus in high Douch Truckē Steckruben that is to say the drie Nauew some do also cal it in English Nauet and Nauew gentle The wilde kinde is called Napus syluestris in high Almaigne Nasz Steckruben that is to say the moyst or water Nauet †The Nature Nauewes are of complexion lyke to the Turneps as Galen writeth †The Vertues The Nauew taken in meate doth nourrish lesse then the Turnep otherwise in vertue and operation it is much like to the rounde Rape or Turnep The seede thereof is very good against poyson and therefore it is put into treacles and preseruatiues Of Rampion or wilde Rapes Chap. xxxv †The Kindes There be two sortes of Rampions or wilde Rapes the great and the smal Rapum syluestre paruum Litle Rampions Rapum syluestre aliud Wilde Rampions †The Description THE smal common Rampion his first leaues be roundishe almost lyke the leaues of the March Violet afterward it bringeth foorth a round harde stalke of
the fruite is rounde and sower sometimes red and somtimes blacke lyke the Mazar or Hurtel Cherries this Cherrie hath also a stone in the middle of the fruite but smaller and rounder then the Guyan or sweete Cherries Out of al these Cherrie trees there issueth gumme like that of the Plumme trees or Peache trees especially when the rinde or barke is any wayes hurt or brused †The Place The tree that beareth the sweete Guyan Cherries or the great Frenche Cherries is planted in gardens and Orchardes But that whiche beareth the Mazars or the smal Cherries groweth in some places very plentifully in feeldes and wooddes Matthiolus writeth that about Trent a Citie in Italy about the Citie of Prage in the Coūtrie of Bohem about Vienna in the Countrie of Austrige there growe naturally wilde Cherries vpon lowe bushes or shrubbes of little more then halfe a fa foote high and their fruite is in all respectes aunswerable to the other small Cherries †The Time The great French Cherries the common Cherries do commonly flower in Aprill The redde Cherries are rype in Iune and continue vntyll Iuly but the blacke waxe ripe in Iuly and they may be kept fresh whole vnto the ende of August ¶ The Names The Cherrie tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cerasus in high Douch Kirschenbaum in base Almaigne Kerseboō in Frēch Cerisier Guisnier The fruite lykewise is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cerasa in English Cherries in French Guinnes in high Douche Kirschen in base Almaigne Kersen And for the better declaration both of the names and kindes of Cherries I haue thought good to giue you to vnderstande what I haue conceiued of this matter I reade in Matthiolus that the common people of Italy doo call the waterishe Cherries Acquaiuola The famous learned man Robertus Stephanus in his Frenche Dictionarie doth turne this French worde Guisnes into Latine as foloweth Aquitanica cerasa whiche soundeth in English Guyan Cherries now whether the people of Italy do cal Guyan Aquitan I referre that to them that be expert in that language But the French word seemeth to haue his first originall of the Countrie Guyan for they expound Cerasia Guisnes doulces Sweete Cherries Grosses guisnes Duracina cerasa Harde Cherries Guisnes noires Cerasia Actiana Small Cherries lyke Eldren beries Guisnes fort rondes Cerasia Caeciliana Rounde Cherries Guisnes fort rouges Cerasia Aproniana Grape or cluster Cherries so that Guisnes is their proper worde for all sortes of Cherries except sower Cherries which they call Griotes in Latine Cerasia acida The first kind especially that which beareth the smallest fruite is the Cherrie tree described by Theophrastus The other is called of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaecerasus yet it is not that Chamaecerasus whereof Asclepiades Myrleanus writeth the fruite whereof maketh men dronken like wine The Brabanders name this tree Spaensche Kerselaer and the fruite Spaensche Kersen that is to say Spanish Cherries or Cherrie tree in Frenche Guinnier and Guinnes in English Frenche Cherries and Spanish Cherries they be also called in Frenche Cueurs and they that be halfe white Bigarreans The common sower Cherries is of the later writers taken to be a kinde of Cerasus and therefore the fruite is lykewise called Cerasa of some Merendae or Marenae Platina writeth of one Moretum ex Merendis Cordus writeth of one compounde named Diamarenatum and both these are made of Cherries †The Nature All Cherries and Mazars are colde and moyst of temperature but aboue all the rest the sower Cherries do coole most and specially those that be blacke whiche are also astringent especially beyng dryed †The Vertues Cherries eaten first before other meates do soften and loose the belly very gently but they nourishe but litle and are hurtfull vnto moyst vnhealthie stomackes for they be soone putrified and corrupted within the same especially the Mazers or small Cherries the whiche do oftentimes ingender agues and other maladies The red sower Cherries do lykewise loose the belly and are more wholesome and conuenient for the stomacke for they doo partly comfort and partly slake or swage thirste The blacke sower Cherries doo strengthen the stomacke more then the rest and being dried they stoppe the laske The Gumme of the Mazar or wilde Cherrie tree of the Spanish Cherrie and of our common sower Cherrie tree is good to be dronken in wine of those that are troubled with the grauell and the stone It is also good against the excoriation and roughnesse of the throte lunges and breast and against of cough and hoarsenesse The water distilled of freshe and newe gathered Cherries is good to be powred into the mouthes of such as haue the falling euil as oftē as the course or fit troubleth them for it is good against the rigour and violence of the same Of the Cornell tree Chap. li. †The Kindes THere be two sortes of the Cornell tree as Theophrastus writeth that is to say the tame and wilde Cornus mas The male or tame Cornell tree Cornus foemina Dogge berie or Gatten tree †The Description THE tame Cornell tree sometimes groweth vp handsomly and waxeth meetely great lyke other meane trees sometimes also it is but low and groweth lyke to a shrub or hedge bush as diuers other small trees doo The wood or timber of this tree is very harde The flower is of a faynte yellowish colour The fruite is very redde and somewhat long almost lyke an Olyue but smaller with a long litle stone or kernell therein closed like to the stone of an Olyue berie The wilde Cornell tree groweth not vp lyke a tree but remayneth lowe as a hedge plant the timber of this tree both of the young twigges and old branches is likewise very harde and plyant the shutes and scorges are full of knottes or ioyutes and within they be full of pith lyke the shutes of Elder The leaues are very lyke to them of the tame or male Cornell tree The flowers be white and doo growe in tuftes after them ryse small rounde beries whiche are greene at the first but afterwarde blacke when they be ripe †The Place The tame Cornel tree is found growing wilde in many places of Almaigne like to other bushes but in this Countrie it is not to be founde but in gardens and Orchardes The wylde Cornell tree is founde growing in hedges and alongest the feeldes †The Tyme The tame Cornell tree flowreth bytime in Marche or sometyme rather and afterwarde it bringeth foorth his leaues The fruite is rype in August The wylde Cornell tree flowreth in Aprill and May his beries be rype in September †The Names The tame Cornell tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cornus in Englishe the Cornell tree of some long Cherrie or long Cherrie tree in high Douche Cornelbaum Thierlinbaum and Kucbeerbaum in base Almaigne Cornoelieboom The wilde Cornell tree is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
by this one may know and vnderstand how one kind of herbe may often change his shape and proportiō according to the nature of the soyle or place where it groweth as first of all we may learne by this herbe the which in some places hath not his leaues so much clouen and iagged and therefore it approcheth not so neare to the description of Dioscorides his Chrysanthemum as it doth whan it groweth in some other places whereas it beareth leaues very much clouen and iagged and than it is agreable in all respects to the true description of Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemon †The Place This herbe groweth amongst the Corne and in householde gardens amongst other herbes and by the high way sides †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in Iune and from thence forth almost vntill winter †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Chrysanthemum that is to say Goldenfloure Caltha and of some Buphthalmum in Italian Chrispula herba in Spanish Mequeres amarillo in French Camomille Saffranée in high Douch S. Iohans blum Gensblum in base Almaigne Vokelaer geel Gansebloemen Hontsroosen vnknowen in shoppes as many other good herbes be †The Nature This herbe is hoate and dry not much differing from Camomill †The Vertues Chrysanthemum boyled in wine cureth the Iaunders restoreth good colour whan one doth drinke it after that he hath bene often long in the bath The seede of the same dronken in wine by it selfe or pound with his floures doth also cure the Iaunders as the later writers haue proued The floures of this herbe pound with oyle and waxe and applied in maner of a playster dissolueth colde swellings whiche chaunce to be on the head The leaues and tenderest braunches of Chrysanthemum may be well vsed in potage and Salades as other herbes of like nature for in time past our elders haue so vsed it Of the Indian Sunne / or Golden floure of Perrowe Chap. xxxiiij †The Description THe Indian Sunne or the golden floure of Perrowe is a plante of suche stature and talnesse that in one Somer it groweth to the length of thirtene or fouretenne foote and in some places to the heigth of foure twentie or fiue and twenty foote his stalkes be right straight and thicke and his leaues are very many especially they that grow vpmost for the vnder leaues do quickly fall and vanissh especially those great broade leaues whiche before the springing vp of the stalke are in quantitie almost as large as the leaues of the Clote Burre In the very top of the sayde high stalke there groweth a very large most excellent floure most likest to Camomill or Chrysanthemum but much larger in quantitie almost like to apretie broade Hatte so that oftentimes whan the circuit or vttermost Compasse of the sayde floure is measured it is founde to be of the breadth of halfe a foote The middle of the floure in whiche the seede groweth is like to a fine cloath wrought as it were with needle worke the smal leaues whiche grow in compasse aboute are of a bright shining yellow colour and euery one of them are in quantitie like the leaues of the Lyllie floures or rather greater and are almost fiftie in number or moe The seede is flat and long and somwhat browne or swarte in quantitie like to the Gourde seede The rootes are like to the rootes of Reedes or Canes Chrysanthemum Peruuianum †The Place This plante groweth in the Weste India the whiche is called America and in the Countrey of Perrowe and being sowen in Spayne it groweth to the length of foure and twentie foote and it beareth floures lyke to the aboue sayde in base Almaigne it groweth not aboue xij or xiij foote high and it doth scarfly bring foorth his floure and if it chaunce sometimes to beare his floures yet than they be smaller and very little and they come foorth agaynst winter so that they can come to no perfection †The Names This floure is called Sol Indianus and Chrysanthemum Perunianum in base Almaigne Sonne van Indien we may also call it the Indian Sunne or the Golden floure of Perrowe †The Nature and Vertues Of the vertue of this herbe and floure we are able to say nothing bycause the same hath not bene yet found out or proued of any man Of Floure Deluce / or Iris. Chap. xxxv †The Kyndes THere be many kindes of Iris or floure Deluce whereof some are great tal and some are little and small The greater sortes are knowen one from an other by their colours and so be also the smaller sortes There is also a certayne kinde with narrower blades in sauour somewhat lothsome or grieuous almost of the sauour of Spatulae foetidae or Gladyn bysides the Dwarffe Ireos the stincking Iris and the yellow Iris. †The Description THe greater Iris or floure Deluce his leaues be lōg large not much vnlike to the blade of a two edged swoorde emongst the which there springeth vp playne and smooth little stalkes of two foote long or more bearing floures made of six leaues ioyned togither wherof the three that stande vpright are bent inward one towards an other and most commonly in the leaues that hang downewardes there are certaine rough or hearie weltes lyke vnto a mans browes growing or rising from the nether parte of the leafe vpwarde almost of a yellow colour The rootes be thicke long and knobby with many strings as it were hearie threedes hanging at them One kinde of these beareth floures betwixte purple and blewe with a certayne changeablenes especially in the nethermost leaues The other kinde his leaues that hang downewardes are of a fayre violet colour but those that grow vpright and bende inwardes are of a fainte blew The third floure is altogither or wholly of a fainte blewe Iris. The fourth kinde his floures be all white The fifth kinde his leaues be of a very fayre deepe Violet colour and his smell is moste delectable and the hearie or rough weltes of this kynde are white The smaller Floure Deluces or Ireos are in all things like to the greater sauing that their stemmes be very shorte and their flagges or blades are also shorter and smaller than the others Their floures are like to the greater most commonly of a yellow colour and sometimes of a fainte colour and sometimes betwixte purple and skie colour and the same is in some kyndes of them fadder and in some lighter The narrow leaued Ireos his flagges belong and narrowe but yet they be shorter then the leaues or blades of the greater Iris and of a blewishe greene colour of sauour somewhat greeuous but nothing so horrible or lothsome as Spatula foetida The stemmes growe to the height of halfe a foote at the toppes whereof growe cleare blewe or skie coloured flowers lyke to the other flower Deluces sauing that their litle leaues are smaller and narrower and the vpper