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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51184	Remarkable addresses by way of embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Emperor of Japan Containing a description of their several territories, cities, temples, and fortresses; their religions, laws, and customs; their prodigious vvealth, and gorgeous habits; the nature of their soil, plants, beasts, hills, rivers, and fountains: with the character of the ancient and modern Japanners. Collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus. English'd, and adorn'd with a hundred several sculptures, by John Ogilby Esq; His Majesties cosmographer, geographick printer, and master of the revels in the Kingdom of Ireland.; Gedenkwaerdige gesantschappen der Oost-Indische maatschappy in 't Vereenigde Nederland, aan de Kaiseren van Japan. English.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing M2486A; ESTC R218646	565,250	480

is gone to Sea out of the Haven of Namboe without Officers Do the Hollanders keep such small Command over those that are under them Their Answer Byleveld answer'd That the Pilot in the Captain and Merchants absence according to their Custom bore the chief Command in the Ship which the other Seamen ought to obey But the Pilot must give an account concerning his Command therefore they knew not how he could answer it before the Indian Council at Batavia for he notwithstanding their earnest entreaties by Writing desiring him not to weigh Anchor from Namboe yet on the contrary set Sail without staying for his Captain and the Merchant The Reasons that mov'd him thereto may be better guess'd than poke for truth Perhaps he was fearful of further danger seeing us thus violently carry'd away by which he might judge that the Hollanders were not priviledg'd to come on the North of Japan though the Emperor gave them leave to Trade to Nangesaque Moreover none in the Ship to our knowledge was ever in Japan to know it wherefore the Pilot might think that we could sooner get from Jedo to our Countreymen at Nangesaque than to the Ship in the Haven of Namboe Father Examination and Answer concerning the State of Portugal Samoccysamma reply'd This present Emperor did not onely grant free leave of Trade to the Hollanders but also his Father and Grandfather were no less Courteous to them But how comes it that after a long War with Portugal sworn Enemies to the Japan Empire you have made Peace with them which dealing the Japan Emperor cannot but suspect and dislike Japan Councellors make enquiry after the difference of Religion between the Portuguese and Hollanders But Sammoccysamma went on in his Examination The Portuguese Priests said he teach That they can help themselves and others by Prayers and Offerings to I know not what not onely in this Life but also in the other Do you Hollanders also believe that you can reap any benefit by that means Most mighty Lord replied Schaep how should we be so foolish to expect good from those that prosecute our Souls and Bodies for indeed very great is the difference between the Portuguese and Dutch Clergy which in the time of the Popish Priests were murder'd by thousands and at present since they cannot destroy us by violence they condemn us to everlasting damnation accounting us Vagabonds that must for ever burn in unquenchable Fire so that if they could save us they would not But how can they Why do they not help themselves Ought they not to use that Art and rid themselves from so many tortures We believe that the Emperor of Japan can give us free leave that we may go for Nangesaque Which Discourse of Schaep caused all the Japan Lords to laugh But during this Examination a Secretary sat next to Sicungodonne who took an exact account of and set down all the Questions and Answers that pass'd between the Councel and the Netherlanders Description of a Japan Inkhorn They write in this manner The Inkhorn is like a long Box out of the Top of which appears the Mouth of a long Flask cover'd with a Wax Lid to keep it from breaking the Box is divided into three Partitions one is the Place in which the Writing-Pencils lie inclos'd of which the top is made fast with Pins at the bottom of the Box in which the Flask stands is a place wherein they preserve their Cakes of Ink which are sometimes red but generally black and cost much Money because they use them but little These Cakes must be mark'd with the Emperor's Arms and try'd by his Officers and if they are found to be good they set certain Letters upon them without which mark upon pain of death they may not be put to Sale or us'd Japanners are great Artists in Writing Hereby it plainly appears that the Japanners have great skill in the noble Art of Writing which like a Master domineers over Death because it not onely shews on Paper the Transactions of Man and communicates to us the Knowledge of others in the Mysteries of God and Nature but also preserves things against the wearing of Time to all Posterity therefore the antient Greek Philosopher Anaxagoras judg'd that Man was the wisest and strongest of all Creatures because he had Hands which would write things that Death could not blemish for Learned Books last many Ages and by that means instructed their Successors Japan Pencils after what manner they are made But the Japan Pencils are made of Copper or Silver and at one end eight square and flat on the top on which every ones Arms are Engraven for to Seal their Letters withal under the Seal is a round hollow Joynt full of black or red Powder according to the colour of their Ink about the middle Images are Engraven which serve for Ornament and below appears the Pencil with which they Write in this manner The foremention'd Box hath a round Case on one side for the Pencil and on the other side a long square place wherein are four Indentings at the end thereof are eight Copper or Silver Pins in the four holes they pour their Water for to make their Ink with which they make either black or red according as they please and dipping the Pencil first into the Water they rub it on the Seal'd Cakes of Ink. How they Write They Write quite after another manner than the Europeans for the Japanners take not the Pencil with which they Write between their three Fingers but in their whole Hand so that the upper end thereof appears between the Thumb and Fore-finger and the middle part they grasp in the Palm of their Hand and after that manner they make exceeding good Letters and Write very fast with their Pencil their Paper not unlike the European is somewhat browner but smoother and the one side which is not written represents Silver Checker-work on a blue Ground Several ways of Writing Here also is to be observed their four several ways of placing their Letters The first and oldest hath always been us'd as also to this time by the Hebrews Chaldeans Syrians Arabians and Egyptians Writing from their right Hand towards their left whereas on the contrary the Latines Greeks Cel●s and other Europeans Write from their left to their right The antient Greeks had another way of Writing as may be seen by the famous Laws of the wise Solon which was where the first Line ended the second began directly and upright and where the second ended there began the third and so accordingly the rest not unlike Roads in Countreys which take a beginning where others end and oftentimes are cut through one another Genial Dies l. 2. c. 36. Lastly the Chineses a great part of the Indians and all the Japanners begin on the right-side and so Write from the top downwards Alexander ab Alexandro relates That the antient Moors in like manner

Goodness that a Scorpion and most of all other Poysonous Creatures being kill'd and their Flesh laid raw on the Wound which they made cures it in a short time Fasting-spittle hath also a great Operation to dispel this Poyson The ancient Father St. Ambrose relates concerning this Creature Hoxaem lib. 6. cap. 6. That he kills a Lion and is himself destroy'd by Pismires But to return to our Story Strange Battel between the Pismires and Scorpions in the Voyage to Nangesaque ¶ IN the Voyage between Osacca and Nangesaque it is often seen with great admiration that a Scorpion being surrounded with an innumerable Army of Pismires who storm him on all sides biting his Feet so extremely that not being able to bear it nor seeing any way to escape at last kills himself with his own Sting running the same into his Head of which he immediately dies whereupon they joyn all their Forces to carry him away In which Work it is pleasant to behold how they help one another some shoving the Prey forward with their Feet while others haul it along with their Mouths and the remaining part creep under to bear it on their Backs always having fresh Supplies to release those that grow weary God represents in this small Animal the exact Image of Vertue wherefore the Holy Scripture admonishes the Slothful to take Example by them And indeed their Care is exceeding great for they make their Nest with so many crooked Entrances that it is secure from all hurtful Creatures The Earth which they scrape out they stop before their Holes to keep out Rain These Holes are divided into three Partitions in one the Males and Females live together in another the Females breed up their Young and the third serves them for their Storehouse wherein they lay their Provision Majolus relates That near Barleta a City in Terra di Barria he found a strange Nest of Pismires under a great piece of Timber which being easily taken away there appear'd a City with four Corners City of Pismires almost four Foot long and one and a half broad lying so direct as if it had been made straight with a Line a Street going through the same long-ways was a Finger broad and one deep made in a Clayie Ground three lesser Streets also which came into the foremention'd middle-way of the same bredth and depth at one end thereof a Market-place and at the other end a Stile made of Egg-shells On the other side of this Pismires City appear'd several deep Pits so full of Corn that it lay scatter'd on the Ground about them Along the Ways the Pismires pass'd to and fro like the Inhabitants of a Populous Town Towards the South-West exactly in the middle of the longest Wall was the Gate through which some came in loaded with Corn others went out empty to fetch their Burdens the eldest of them creeping before who also climb the Blades biting off the Corn whilst the young ones stand below and pick every Grain out of the Ear that which is too heavy for them to carry they shove before them those that are empty make way for those that are loaden and that the Corn should not sprout they bite that end that uses to shoot and if accidentally it happens to be wet they bring it forth laying it to dry in the Sun which is a certain sign of Fair weather Moreover they labor continually resting neither Night nor Day Hist Anim. lib. 6. ca. 50. A conceited Passage of the Pismires Aelian relates That Cleanthes once observ'd some Pismires which carried away a dead one to the Hole from whence it was us'd to come forth when living and coming before it stood all still they belonging to another Hole upon which some Pismires that were in the same came immediately to the Strangers and went several times in and out as about Business of great concern at last bringing out a rotten Pear as a Ransom for the dead Prisoner and a Reward for their Labor they took the Deceas'd with them to bury him as it is very common amongst them By this Spectacle Cleanthes concluded That Beasts could speak and especially the Pismires about which Opinion Pythagoras Cicero Celsus and other Learned Heathens have often held great Disputations Farther Voyage of the Ambassadors ¶ BUt to return again to our Ambassadors Frisius and Brookhurst who proceeding forward in their Journey and Sailing by the Islands Fibi Simeia Samnik Syrais Caroto Szuwa Jowe Camro Mianofimi Moeko and Mettagamma left on their Starboard upon the main Coast of Japan Binga Bignatum Mewarri Tantonomi Jocosimi Caminagari Cammenosacci Simonisicci and Ximontchequi In this Voyage they met in several Places and chiefly about the Islands divers Japan Fisher-men who have generally their Wives with them The Men commonly have the Crown of their Heads shaven Japan Fisher-men how cloth'd onely a Ring of Hair just about their Heads not unlike the Roman Priests Their Coats they fold over their Breasts being girt with a broad Girdle in which they stick a great Cutting-knife On their Shoulders they carry a Yoke at which hangs on each side a long and square Vessel wherein they carry their Water and also keep their Fish alive when they bring it to sell The Women wear a Scarf wound about their Heads with a Tuft hanging down on their Foreheads their Breasts cover'd with a square Cloth interwoven with several Flowers of Silk about their Necks a long Cotton Cloth that hangs down their Backs their Coats both full and long hanging down to their Ankles their Shoes or rather Soles onely are made fast behind with a kind of Strap and betwixt the two great Toes with a Knob Frisius and Brookhurst arrive at Nangesaque ¶ THeir Excellencies Frisius and Brookhurst at last Sail'd through the Straights where on the one side upon the main Coast of Japan lies the City Simonisicci and on the opposite Shore the great Island Bungo So Weathering the Point they got into the Bay Kokero thence getting into the Corean Sea they run between the Island Simissima and the Bongian Village Assia by Jobeco Auroo Firando Nanatzjamma Zetta and Foucunda into the Haven of Nangesaque on the twenty second of May Anno 1650. where they found their Countrey-men all in good health and were inform'd of the strict Customs and Laws of the Japanners After what manner the Netherland Ships sail to Nangesaque about the Netherland Ships who when they come between the Priest-Mountain and the low Cliffs call'd the Hen and Chickens passing by the Emperor's three great Block-houses must discharge their Guns three times at which the Japan Barques full of Soldiers come aboard taking an account of the Ships Crew setting them down by their Names and also their Age and Conditions which they are again demanded at their going away therefore every one must well observe how he hath describ'd himself for being found in a Lie is as much as

of the dark Night fled to Malacca where they came to an Anchor close under the Shore The Hollanders Fleet wanting all Necessaries steer'd for the Kingdom of Jor there to get such Provision as was to be had but the chiefest which they wanted being Gunpowder Jor could no ways furnish them withal Yet the Hollanders not willing to leave their Business half undone resolv'd come of it what would to fall upon the Portuguese Fleet that Rode at an Anchor under Malacca In the first Engagement Matelief conquer'd four of the greatest Gallions in the second three The Hollanders also burnt no small number of their little Vessels so that the great Fleet which consisted of sixteen Gallions four Galleys fourteen Foysts and one Carvil Mann'd with three thousand seven hundred Portuguese and above twice as many more Indians at which the Kingdoms Achien Jor Pahan and Patama trembled had nothing remaining but a few ruin'd Ships by a small Fleet. Hollanders Trade to Bengala Moreover the Hollanders also drive a vast Trade to Bengala Anno 1659. the King's Brother march'd with a mighty Army against the King to the great prejudice of this mighty Kingdom Great Broyls there The Rebel had such great assistance that it wanted little but the King had lost both Life and Crown had not the East-India Company furnish'd him privately with all manner of Ammunition from Batavia But whilst the King's Party was a long time threatned with ruine the Hollanders secur'd all their rich Commodities in the Ship Avenhorn The Hollanders Staple is in Ongli where the English also keep a Store-house But the King of Bengala in return for the Aid he receiv'd from Batavia hath given the Hollanders so great Priviledges that the English effect but little there Their Residence is up in the Countrey near the famous River Ganges The Hollanders Store-house built of Stone is fortifi'd by a strong Fort with twelve Guns and very deep and broad Trenches upon one side of it are a hundred Huts made of Straw and Leaves by the Natives call'd Gabbegalbes These Leaves are three Foot and a half long three Fingers broad sharp at the ends and prove convenient shelters against the Weather Bengala Merchants go very handsom in Apparel ¶ THe Bengala Merchants go very richly Clothed their Hair cut very short they cover with a Ribbon of white Cotton commonly fifty Yards long they wear short Whiskers but their Beards hang down to their Breast their upper Garment is a Coat of fine white Linnen Laced before with white Silk Ribbon and about their Waste a Silk Girdle hanging down under their right Arm their Breeches are not unlike the Chineses and their red Shoes agree with the Moors The ordinary Man goes bare-headed with a Cloth thrown about his middle and a pair of narrow Breeches Shoes and Stockings they use none Their Women go with their Breasts bare and their Hair hangs over their Shoulders tied up in Locks Trade in Bengala ¶ THe East-India Company barter in Bengala Japan Silver Copper wax'd Chests and Tin which Malacca produces and also Quicksilver Scarlet and all sorts of Netherland Stuffs likewise Nutmegs Pepper Mace Cloves and chiefly Elephants which they bring from Ceylon of which they make four hundred Crowns a piece for all which Merchandise they receive in Truck brown Bengala Sugar which by the Hollanders is for the most part transported to Persia Here also is a great Trade driven with Salt-Petre of which the seven Powder-Mills at Batavia make Gunpowder The raw Silk and Cotton to be had at Bengala is commonly carry'd to Japan ¶ TO the West of Bengala lies Negopatam a great Town inhabited by Moors which drive a vast Trade at Sea Negopatam but oftentimes use Dutch Pilots The Ropes of their Ships are made of Shells or Barks of Trees Womens Habit there The Apparel of the Negopatam Women is very strange for those that are of any Quality wear a fine Shift through which the upper part of their Body is seen then a Cloth wrapp'd about them six times covers them from the middle downwards their Elbows are adorn'd with Golden Armlets two Fingers broad But that which is most foolish the Female Moors wear two Gold Rings through their Noses The Town Negopatam lying on an even Shore between two Rivers hath neither Gates nor Walls In the Rivers are always store of Barques and Fisher-mens Boats Before the City are several Wharfs on which they build their little Vessels Six Leagues from Negopatam lies Pulo Pille provided with large Docks for great Ships Strange way of Marrying ¶ THe Negopatam Parents Marry their Children in the eighth and ninth year of their age at which Solemnities the Bride and Bridegroom sit in a Sedan one over against another whilst the Guests drink themselves dead drunk and Dance Hollow and clap their Hands like frantick Persons ¶ THe Hollanders Store-house is built with cross Timber-work mix'd with Stone When the Governor of the East-India Company comes abroad either on Horseback or carry'd in a Palankin or Sedan he hath a great Guard of Moors with him all Arm'd with round Shields and long Swords The Hollanders barter here a sort of Japan Wood us'd at the burning of dead Corpses and also the China Root Japan Chests Porcelan and Camphire against all sorts of Cottons Formerly they us'd to freight their Vessels with Negopatam Rice but since Japan abounds in that Grain they gave over that Trade Lastly the East-India Company drive a great Trade in Elephants of which Ceylon affords the best How they transport Elephants The transporting of them is somewhat strange being in large Barques cover'd over on the top with Palmito-Trees cut off close by the Ground the Leaves whereof are the most acceptable Food for the Elephants When the Barque carries the Elephant aboard of a great Ship they blind and hoise him over with strong Cables under his Belly they put pieces of four-doubled Canvase so broad that it reaches from his fore to his hind-Legs and when thus hoised over they put them under Deck and place them one over against another putting onely a Manger with Fodder between them The Hollanders meddle not with the looking after these Monsters but the Ceylonians creep under their Bellies and rake away the Dung. ¶ THe Elephant is the chief pattern of the wonderful Works of God Job 40. Vers 15 16. Behemoth God calls him Behemoth Behold now Behemoth which I made with thee he eateth grass as an Ox Lo now his strength is in his loins and his force is on the navel of his belly Thomas Aquinas and Nicholas Lyra following the Opinion of most of the Rabbins understand that Behemoth is an Elephant and created on the same day that Man was and though it be a fearful Monster yet it is afraid of Mankind for he satisfies himself like an Ox with what the Earth produceth and trembles at the smell of a Mans foot-steps The Indian Elephants far