in medio ossium because it is in the middle of the bones For Marrow witness Aristotle secundo de partibus animalium is a nourishment of Bloud and it is a concocted and contained excrement and Avicen prima primi saith that the bones are nourished of it and hence is Nature known artificial which since Shee hath not alwayes Veins fit for the Bones putteth their nourishment in their Pores and Concavities and also if it be a superfluity Shee likewise putteth the excrement in them since She hath not another place fit for the aforesaid things The lower extremity of the Adjutory Bone hath two eminences with which it is joyned with the two Fociles of the Arm making with strong Ligaments the juncture of the Cubite and in the hollowness which is between the aforesaid eminences doth enter the extremity of the lower Focile which is greater than the upper which is crooked that the Juncture might be the more firm for the continual as it were and strong motions of this Juncture which for this cause also is seldom dislocated and if it bee dislocated it is with difficulty reduced into its former degree the Fociles of the Arm are also hollow because all Bones are either hollow within or porous that they might bee light lest they should burthen the body And the extremities of those Fociles and of all Bones and of the Junctures of the Hand and Foot are grosser than in the middle because in the extremities there must be great Ligaments for the strength of the junctures and in the middle they are small that they might give place to the Bodies of the Muscles which must necessarily be many and great for their many shaped motion After the Bones of the Arm are the Bones Rasettae or Carpi which are eight for the multitude of motions also for other cause Afterward is the little Hand whose inner part without the Fingers is called Vota and Palma but its outward part is without a name witness Aristotle primo de Histor Its Bones are four correspondent to the other Fingers the Thumb excepted from which is compounded the Pecten of the hand and the Procarpum or Procarpium and Antecarpum and Metacarpum yet there are some that would that the first Bone of the Thumb should bee in the Raseta and as so the Thumb hath not but two bones some say that the first Bone of the Thumb is in the Pecten of the hand After the Pecten are the Fingers First is Pollex the Thumb which hath two bones out of the Vola after that is Index or the pointing Finger next unto it next to which is Medius the middle Finger longer than the rest afterward is the Finger called Medicus and Anularis the Physicians and Ring-finger after that is the least named Auricularis these four have three junctures and three Bones and also the Thumb in my opinion hath three junctures and three bones because I doe not place the first bone serving it neither in the Raseta nor in the Pecten In the inner part of the Fingers there is notable flesh which is a coverlet to the Bones lest they should bee hurt in their continual meetings of hard things which they necessarily touch in the operations of the hands but in the sides of them is less flesh and less in the outward part because in those parts they doe not meet with things hurting them in their operations as within the hand The Chords of those Fingers especially the outermost doe enter into their juncture above and every Finger hath a Chord of which speech is not made for the present because their Muscles cannot bee seen whereof some are deep placed in the arm and some Chords come to the Fingers from the Neck as wee have more largely spoke of the ring-Ring-finger in our Commentaries upon Mundinus Therefore in the great Hand there are thirty one Bones the Bones Sisamiis excepted which fill up some junctures and first is the Bone Spatula afterwards the Bone Adjutorium after the two fociles of the arm and eight of the Raseta and four of the Pecten and fifteen of the Fingers In the end of the bones of the Fingers are the Nayls whose helps are for the comliness of the hand and for the defence of the end of the fingers and to take up small things and the Nayls are engendred of superfluities as also the Hairs therefore they doe continually encrease yea in a dead man From the aforesaid things â—â—th appear the substance of the â—â—â—ds their situation number â—â—â—pe and Colligancy and their quantity lye open their complexion is such as are their parts their helps cannot bee described for they are the Organes of Organes they suffer passions of all sorts Of the Anatomy of the Feet THe Hands being seen see Pes Lati. a Grae. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quasi in ipso à toto corpore cessatum fit Aristotele likewise the Feet at least one which is enough in that diffection as also one hand the Foot therefore is divided into great and small as also the Hand witness Haly and Galen and the Foot witness Haly hath four parts the first part is called Ancha the Hip the second Coxa the Thigh the third Crus the Shank the fourth Pes parvus the little Foot And first the skin of it is to bee excoriated every where from the top to the bottom in the inward part of which under the skin is one notable branch of the Vein Chilis descending from the Inguen by the Thigh which 〈◊〉 it is under the Hamme as 〈◊〉 have said above is divided inâ—â— three parts one doth descend directly by the inside unto the innermost hollowness of the Foot and this is called Saphena which is cut in divers diseases One other is obliquated toward the outside by the calf of the Leg and descendeth to the forein or outermost hollowness and this is called Sciatica or Scia which being cut availeth for the pain of the Hip and the bifurcation of this Mundinus knew not neither his followers and it may be that this branch doth avail for the pain of the Sciatica because some of its branches are united with the branches of the Veins nourishing the Muscles and the outward part of the Hip toward the juncture of the Sciâ— Place this Figure betweene 304 and 305 pages Between the aforesaid Saphena and also the Sciatica under the Hamme even unto the little Foot there doth descend one notable branch which keepeth the middle between these which may be cut in place of the deficiency of the other aforesaid in the Figures under written you shall see the aforesaid Veins at least the Saphena and the Sciatica Here followeth the Figures of the Veins of the Feet IN these three Figures you have all the Veins used to bee flebotomised in the Feet and in that Figure which is in the middle you see how one Vein bigge enough coming from the inner part of the Hippe goeth overthwart descending and under
quiet Veines but more manifest in a lean body than in a fat its Pannicles are discontinued throughout unless about the circumference of it it beareth the form of a Pouch or Bag for between those Pellicles there is a very great hollowness It s substance hath been spoken of it Colligance is with Siphac with Colon and with the Spleen its situation is towards the fore-part reaching over the Intestines from the Ventricle unto the Inguina the quantity of it may bee seen it is in number onely one member its shape is handled its complexion is the complexion of the parts of which it is compounded its helps are to help digestion and to mollifie the dregs it may suffer passions of all sorts it causeth the Ramex in the Scrotum in the Navel in the Inguina and in other places of the Sumen if the Peritonion bee broke or mollified Of the Intestines REmove the Zirbus and you Intestinum quod intus in ventre continetur shall see the Intestines which are continual from the Ventricle unto the Anus they are revolved to and again that they might retain the meat a long time for a good end and they are six in number The first beginning with the lowest is Rectum of the length of a Palm or thereabouts The second is Colon which ascendeth by the left side unto the Region of the Kidney and Spleen and from thence it passeth from the left side unto the right riding over the Stomach and in the right side it is united to the intestine Saccus situated about the highest part of the Os Anchae This Intestine called Saccus or Cecus is to be reckoned the third in order and these three are said to be of a gross substance for they are fleshy and they may bee consolidated if they receive solution The fourth is the long Intestine called Ileon and Revolutum or Involutum because it is on both sides revolved throughout the Belly In the fifth place is Jejunum In the sixth Duodenum and these three are subtile called of some Lactes the solution of which if it bee notable is not consolidated The uppermost are subtile by their Colligancy and the lower gross all of them have two Tunicles and a common Pannicle coming from the Peritonion covering them over and fastning them to the Back In the inside of them there sticketh Pituity or Flegm to resist corrosion and to make slippery the dregs in them there are fibres of all sorts but most broad their complexion is cold and dry the small are colder than the gross because their substance is Nervous and in the gross there is some flesh their shape is apparent their particular situation hath been and shall bee laid open by that which followeth their Helps are known they suffer passions of all sorts For the seeing of the particular Anatomy of the Intestines first observe with diligence the situation of them and before you separate them from the Mesentereon consider their Veines which are called of some Lactes which do transport the Chilus to the Vena Portae in the very small branches of which beginneth sanguification by the help of the Liver note also the situation of the Vena Portae which is without the concave of the Liver reaching with eight branches towards the Intestines and towards the Stomach the Omentum and the Spleen all which observe with diligence if you can before the Intestines bee cast away Of the Intestine Rectum THese things being dispatched Rectum quia ascendit recte first wee must see the Rectum or Longaon which is to bee cleansed from the filth driving it with your hand into the Colon and its extream part towards the Colon is to bee tyed in two places and to be cut between the Ligatutes for its situation is from the Anus ascending to the upper parts through the belly about the length of a Palm having few Miseraick veines because that which it containeth nourisheth but a little it is terminated about the left Ilium where the Colon beginneth the Rectum being united thereunto Of the Intestine Colon. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dictum quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cavum YOu shall observe the Colon to bee placed in the left side and it ascendeth about the left Rein and there it is strict that it might give place to the Spleen which it covereth and to which it is fastned it reacheth from hence to the right side and doth ride over the Ventricle and is fastned unto it hence is caused the departing for a time in a Syncopis hence doth its pain increase after meat is eaten but the grief of the Reins groweth in the second digestion it is fastned to the Omentum of which and also of the Ventricle it is moistned it is covered with that Penula of the Liver in which is the Cistis Bilis the Gall and therefore it is very black and bitter it is vauted or celled and Pituity aboundeth there In it are ingendred Cucurbitines and also other Worms in it also the Ordure doth obtain an unequal shape there is in it a rumbling a little before the time of feeding It is thus situated that the weight might the better descend from the â—pper to the lower part and by its situation to have the keeping of Clisters and the places of applying Medicines in the Colick its quantity is to bee seen its substance is a little fleshy and it is sinowy and fat and solid that it may resist hard and sharp matters it hath also notable miseraick veins through which the Chilus and blood doth pass It s proper passion is a windy pain in it there are bred stones and skins by adust flegm These things being seen you may separate the Colon from the Mesentereon to which it is fastned and let alone the Rectum in its place until the Anatomy of the Anus which cannot bee perfectly seen but when you make Anatomy of the Virga and Vesica Of the Intestine Saccus Ex sacci similitudine It is called Cecus blind and Monoculus one eyed because it hath but one orifice TO this Intestine about the Oâ— Anchae beneath the Kidney in the right side is placed an intestine called Cecus Saccus and Monoculus because it hangeth like a sack and it hath but one Orifice by which it draweth and expelleth the excrements but in certain hours it draweth from the Ileon and driveth it into the Colon in this there is a greater digestion than in any other Intestine for it is a second Ventricle first it draweth next it digesteth and afterwards expelleth unto the Colon It s quantity is about a palm in length but it is as broad as Colon and also more it is not fastned to the Mesentereon but hangeth in the belly in it are bred worms called Serpentes But this Intestine is often found frustrate in nature because it doth none of the aforesaid things and then it is also found fastned to the Intestine Colon and Ileon
through which the Sperm entreth which are two one on the right side another on the left not much distant from the hollowness of the Bladder you shall also see the body of the Yard hollow or pory to the likeness of a Spunge not very hollow but somewhat compact Of the Rectum THe aforesaid things being noted you must bee mindful of the place of the Intestine Rectum left before for the Anatomy of the Anus which you shall observe to bee in the hollowness of the little Trough and is terminated within the Buttocks in the place called Anus from whence by the order of Nature those excrements of the first digestion goe forth the higher part of it reacheth to the left side where it is fastned to the Intestine Colon You shall also consider its quantity which is apparent and itâ— Shape situation and number you have seen afore it hath Colligancy with the Heart with the Liver and the Brain with the Bladder in a man and with the Matrix in a woman Consider also its Complexion which is cold therefore it is between the Buttocks lest it shoulâ— be offended by cold After this divide it according to the length and having very well washed it you shall observe its inversion which is ascendiâ—â— from the outermost part to the iâ—side the space of four fingers or thereabouts for oftentimes you shall see the end of its inversion and sometimes you may not see it this inversion cleanseth it from the Excrements because in the avoyding the excrements the Rectum doth somewhat descend and this is best seen in Horses avoyding their excrements 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stringo est musculus The lower extremity of it is called Anus and Podex and Sphincter and it hath many other names recited by mee in my Commentaries upon the Anatomy of Mundinus It s substance is fleshy and Pannicular which is made more fleshy with its Muscles there is in it some fatnesse toward the outside in it there are many broad and long Fibers few Oblique the long are without and within helping the expulsion by drawing downward In it there are Four Muscles one is in its extream Orifice being mixed with the Cutis and dispersed throughout with it which constringeth the Anus on every side by which means it cometh to passe that the dung may bee wholly cleansed from it there is another Muscle more within being raised toward a mans head which Muscle hath two heads and is here continued with the root of the Yard the benefit of it is strictly to bind the extream part of the Anus after them there is one pair of Muscles reaching over-thwart above the others whose help is to raise the Rectum upward which being mollified there is caused the falling down of the Rectum without between the Buttocks for a certain distance In the extreamity of this Inrestine there appear many Veins in some notable in some hidden which are called Hemorroidales flowing by fits which consider Those Veins have their beginnings from the branches of the Vein Chilis descending nourishing the muscles of the Anus many do use the Flux of them instead of Purgation neither are they made very weak by it The helps of the Anus are to bring forth the Dung in due time its muscles help the Parastata in the sending forth of Sperm in Copulation whereof it is a sign because some are at once copulating and avoiding excrements They also help the Bladder in the sending forth the Urine The Anus suffereth passions of all sorts all which are hard to bee cured and amongst the rest the extreamity of the Rectum falleth down and in like manner the Matrix which wee bring back by Stiptick means there are also bred coudylomata or certain little swellings The ficus and also fungi likewise Marisca and Ragadas or Ragadiae which are wont to proceed of Inflammation yet sometimes a lascivious wantonness of Luxury and Burning Lust doth cause these Diseases in both Sexes seeking by-ways nature being neglected not without the injury of it and the Divine Majesty Of the Matrix not praegnant Matrix a matre quae a materia dic quod ibi materia speciem conservans inseritur THe Members contained in the Lower belly of a man being seen I pass unto the Anatomising of a woman in which the Anatomy of the Matrix is to bee seen and of their Testicles with the Seminary vessels and their Bladder The Matrix which is also called Vulva hath two parts to wit a Receptacle or Sinus or hollowness and Cervix or Collum a Neck and it is a Member created of Nature for increase the substance of its Receptacle is Sinnowy mixed of the Chords of a Ligament and confused flesh therfore it is a little sensible and it is compounded of one onely Tunicle circumvolved with the Peritoneon and it is Sinnowy that it might bee extended in Copulations and that it might bee gathered together to a little quantity in the Birth also all its hollowness is moved to the Center in the receiving of the Sperm and embraceth and toucheth it with its sides But the substance of its Neck is of Lacertous flesh as it were Cartilagineous having wrâ—â—ckle upon wrinckle which do give delight by Friction in Copulations this part is sensible enough It s hollowness is called Uterus and Venter and Receptaculum faetus It s fastning which is the Orifice of the Neck is called Pudendum Muliebre and Vulva and Natura and Os Genitale In this Nâ—ck is the Yard placed in Copulations Between the Neck and the Receptacle within is a certain pellicular substance fleshy sensible enough perforated in the middle that may be dilated and constringed called Os Matricis the Mouth of the Matrix having the form of a Mullets head otherwise of Cephalus or of the Tench fish or of a new bred Puppy which in Copulations and Births and Menstrues is opened by the order of nature but at other times especially when it is pregnant it is so shut that a small needle cannot enter into it unless with violence The Shape of its Neck is very long round hollow it is as much unviolated as is the Yard of him that doth copulate therewith but in a Virgin it is less This hath about the middle of it the Virginal pannicle like a Net woven together of small Ligaments and very many Veins which one violated is without because it is broke in the first copulation with a man this Pannicle is called Eugion and Cento and Imen To the extream part of the Neck on the sides are added Skins which are called Praeputia Within the Neck a little towards Os Pectinis doth enter a short Neck of the Bladder whose Orifice is shut up of certain small fleshy and pannicular Additaments of which and of the aforesaid Praeputia by reason of the Ayr there is caused some noise in making water The Shape of the Receptacle is Quadrangular with some roundness hollow below as the
of the Spondiles unto the Os Sacrum have wings and eminences which this first is without that the head might the better bee bended to the hinder part and lest it should tear the Nerves going forth from the Nuca neer unto them in that Spondile also toward the upper part are two pits in which doe enter two peeces of the Bone Bafilare near unto that great perforation by which the Nuca goeth forth it hath also two other pits almost alike toward the lower part in which doe enter two peeces of the second Spondile although there be some that say that those peeces are in the first Spondile and doe enter into the second the first Spondile is united to the Head by strong ligaments upon which it is bended side-waies After the first Spondile followeth the second which differeth from all the rest in shape for this Spondile hath in its top a certain additament which Hippocrates calleth a Tooth but of Galen it is called Pyroydea because of its sharp form and this additament entreth into a certain pit which is in the first Spondile distinct from the perforation by which the Nuca goeth forth and by reason of this the Head is safely moved forward and backward and round about or Obliquely without the dislocation of the aforesaid Spondiles which would bee easie if the aforesaid additament should not resist it because the juncture of the second Spondile with the first is looser than any other found in the whole Spine also the other junctures of the Spine of the Neck are looser than those that are below them and they have their bones Simenia forked and small lest they should burden the body After the Spondiles of the Neck doe follow twelve Spondiles to which are united on both sides twelve Ribs and those are called the Spondiles of the Back After those doe follow five Spondiles called Lumbares and Renales that is belonging to the Loyns and Reins and there are the Kidnies and two Muscles called Lumbi Avicen calleth that Region Alchatim and these are bigger than the rest and the place which is between the uppermost of them and the lowermost Spondile of the Ribs is called of Galen Glutum and of Homer Acrusta in that region is fastned the Diafragma After those Spondiles doe follow three others which are not Spondiles unless unproperly and these are called of Avicen Spondili Alhavins and of Averroes they are called Ossa Agit and of Galen Os sacrum and Amplum but this sacrum according to Galen consisteth of four bones with which the Ossa Ancharum are continued which are very firmly united with that bone on both sides and by the command of Nature they are opened or separated from one another in the birth also those Ossa Ancharum are in such a time opened in the Pecten wherein other times they are also naturally very firmly united After those bones first appointed three by Avicen are also three others called Ossa Alhosos and Caudae and so in all the true and false Spondiles are commonly in number thirty of all which the substance is bony with some cartilage placed between their junctures and they are all firmly conjoyned by Ligaments left they should be easily dislocared by their motion Their quantity shape situition and Colligancy is to bee seen their complexion appearâ—th their helps are to defend the Nuca and its Nerves placed withâ—n them They are also a foundation of the whole body but the Spondiles of the Reins and Alhovius doe principally this they suffer passions of all sorts For the well shewing of these Spondiles Church-yards are requisite our Commentaries upon Mundinus being somewhat helping and that their inner substance may bee well seen and in like manner their Marrow commonly called Nuca divide the Spondiles through the middle from the head to the tayl with a great Falx preserving as well as you can the Nuca and its Nerves unhurt this dissection being made you shall consider their Bones and Cartilage and the Pannicle covering the inward part of them and also the Ligaments with which these Vertebraes or Spondiles are united together these being seen return to the Nuca Of the Nuca THe Spondiles being shewed the parts contained within them as well in the Neck as elsewhere Nuca vox Africa fortè a nuce dici possit Nuca enim spondilis includitur ut nuce nucleus are to bee seen the chief of whom is the Nuca with its Nerves the other parts are two hard Pannicles and one soft that which is harder than the rest cleaveth to the bones the other is instead of the Dura Mater being also hard the other is soft instead of the Secundina or Pia Mater all compassing about the Nuca it self and the Nerves The substance of the Nuca is viscous moyst with some solidity and it is like to the substance of the Brain but somewhat harder and by how much the more it descendeth it waxeth the more hard neither is it Marrow as neither the Brain as some doe think its shape appeareth to all It s situation and place is from the lowest part of the Head descending unto the second uppermost Spondile of the Reins inclusively and it doth not pass that place but from that place downwards The whole substance of the Nuca is divided into many Nervs which by descending even unto the last Spondile of the Cauda are divided through them the number and quantity appear it hath Colligancy with all members unto which its Nerves doe pass it is also fastned to the Liver and to the Heart by means of the Acrta and Chilis by certain very little Veins and Arteries reaching to it through the holes of the Spondiles these Veins and Arteries doe perforate the aforesaid hard Pannicles compassing it about and doe enter into the soft Pannicle risen from the Pia Mater by means of which cleaving unto it that they may be supported they doe nourish and give life to the Nuca It s complexion is commonly appointed cold and dry but some think otherwise Its helps are that Nerves might pass from it to the members not in so great a distance as if they should come from the Brain and that the Nerves might bee more distinct not hindring one another and that they might bee drier and lest from their hurt the Brain should immediately bee hurt and also if there should not be a Nuca the Brain should bee bigger and should too much burthen the lower members it suffereth passions of all sorts Of the Nerves risen from the Nuca WHat a Nerve is wee have spoken somewhere else Nervus Grae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod per totum corpus diffunduntur not only the substance of them but their shape and complexion from the head therefore descending to the end of the Spine of the back are Nerves risen from the Nuca and these are thirty one pair and one Nerve without a fellow numbring them thus the first pair of Nerves goeth forth from the first Spondile one
Nerve on the right another on the left as they are also alwaies in all the other Spondiles and the second pair goeth forth from the middle between the first and second Spondile and in like manner is the third pair between the second and third Spondile of the Neck and every Spondile descending hath one pair of Nerves correspondent unto it either in the Orifice of its fellow or in the Orifice proper to its self and the last Spondile Alhovius which is contiguous to the first of the three Bones Alhosos or Candae hath its pair of Nerves as likewise the Spondiles above it but between that and the first of the Spondiles Alhosos is another pair of Nerves and by reason of that doubled pair there are thirty one pair and one Nerve unfellowed because by descending between the first Spondile and the second there is one pair and between the second and the third there is also one other pair but from the last Bone which is properly called Canda goeth forth one Nerve only and as so there are thirty Spondiles true and not true and one Nerve without a fellow Their Colligancy is better known from whom than to whom and they have Colligancy with the greatest part of members having motion their situation and quantity appears as also their number the helps of those Nerves are to give motion and sense they suffer passions of all sorts From the aforesaid things doth appear that in a mans body there are thirty eight pair of Nerves and one Nerve which in all are seventy sevâ—n those two excepted which goe to the Nose for the Olfactive Vertue which are not commonly termed Nerves because they are too soft yet I call them Nerves in as much as they are the Organs of the sense of Smelling and as so there are seventy nine vvhereof sixty three come from the Nuca and fourteen from the Brain or sixteen the Mamillary caruncles being reckoned with them of which it hath been spoken above in the Anatomy of the Nerves of the Brain which afterwards are terminated to infinite Branches and Fibers which sense doth not comprehend and these are thus The Nerves coming from the Brain are seven pair or eight The Nerves of the Nuca of the Neck are eight pair The Nerves of the Nuca of the Back and of the Ribs are twelve pair The Nerves of the Nuca of the Reins or Alkatim are five pair The Nerves of the Nuca of Alhovius are three pair The Nerves of the Nuca of Alhosos with the two Nerves between the Spondiles Alhosos and Alhovius are three pair and one odde Nerve going forth from the Cauda The Figure of the Spondiles and Nerves IN this Figure you may easily see the number of the Spondiles and you see how from the substance of the first Spondile doe goe forth two Nerves from either side one and you may note the number of the Nerves in the extremity of the lines placed in that Figure Yet note Reader that the Figure hath not a true similitude with the Spondiles except in number but their true Figure is seen in the true Spondiles dried in Church-yards Of the Anatomy of the Hands Manus à manando quod ex Brachiis mâ—net vel quod boc instrumento potissimum actiones è nobis emanent THe aforesaid things being seen I doe first come to the Veins of the Hands used to bee Flebotomised with which also we shall see the Cartilages the Marrow the Bones and the Nayls the Muscles of such members being let alone which in a common dissection are not shewen yet the knowledge of Muscles is a very great help in Chirurgery witnesse Aver primo colliget and therefore because for the present they cannot be shewen we will place in the end of the Book certain Figures shewing some Muscles especially the outmost we will also place Figures shewing the principal bones First therefore doe occur two members placed on the sides which from the shoulders even unto the extremity of the Fingers are of Galen called the great hands these members for the present have three parts The first part beginning from the top is commonly called Adjutorium above which is the Spatula which also of some is placed in the great hand Under the first part called Adjutorium is the second called Brachium and between these is the juncture called Cubitus but commonly Brachium is taken of many for that first and second part aforesaid Under the second is the third part called the little hand and it is properly called Manus ab emanando quia ab ist a parte fere omnia artificia emanant because almost all Handy-crafts doe flow from that part Between that and the second is one juncture compounded of very many Bones called in Arabick Raseta and Ascam and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Those things being noted you shall excoriate the whole skin of the great hand with diligence from the Neck even unto the ends of the Fingers and you shall see first the Vein Basilica that is Regia or Kingly the Ancients before Aristotle did call that Vein Jecoraria and it keepeth that name yet because it is commonly called Vena Hepatis the Liver Vein it is also called Ascellaris or Axillaris because as it appeareth above in the Anatomy of the Veins this Vein passeth by the Ascella for Ascella is that hollow place on both sides which is under the shoulders in the lateral part between the upper part of the Brest and the top of the Adjutory which because it hath no vent in many doth savour ill for it is not vented witness Aristotle in his Pâ—oblems in these places is a notable part of glandulous flesh which receiveth some excrements of the Heart as likewise the kernels which are about the Inguina and in the Neck about the Guidez not much distant from the Ears which receive the superfluities of the Liver and Brain and those places are called the Emulctories of the Heart of the Liver and of the Brain and those fleshes are as it were a mattress to the great Veins placed about them This Vein called Ascellaris and Basilica descendeth by the inside and lowest part of the Arm with the Artery fellow to it for a certain distance after that the Vein is notably manifested alone about the juncture of the Cubite in the inward part and there is flebotomised and helpeth principally for the Diseases of the Brest because it is immediately united to the Veins nourishing its parts But from the Neck by the outside there doth pass from the shoulders to that Juncture by the Adjutory one Vein called Spatularis Humeralis and Cephalica which also about the Juncture of the Cubite is flebotomised which principally helpeth for Discases of the Head and Neck because it is immediately united to the Veins Guidez Between them is one Vein reaching over-thwart from the one to the other from which it receiveth bloud indifferently this is called Nigra Communis and Media because it emptieth