kind of gaine is dishonest which repugneth with nature and vertue such as they do practize which giue themselus wholy to robbing and spoyling who being vnmindfull of the law of armes and of the Oth which souldiours take do not spare nor abstaine from their friendes goods That kind of gain also which is cōmonly hatefull among men as vsurers and others that heap vp wealth by right or wrong with such gredines and auarice that as the Poet saith they run to the furthest Indians and all to eschew pouertie leauing nothing vnassaied wherof they may raise to themselues some gain Which occasiō as I suppose moued Cicero to distinguishe filthye artes from other and to iudge nothing to bee profitable which was not also honest But principally wee must weigh and examine vnto what ende wée take our traueill vpon vs For since all thing is done for some ende it were taken in hand in vaine vnlesse it were also directed vnto some certen scope But as the Philosophers doe distinguishe of endes purposes some bée séemely and lawful other not séemely or wandring Moreouer of those that bée séemely one is tearmed principall and last of all to whō when wée haue attained then wée at rest and séeke for none farther another is lesse principall or meane which again is distinguished into subordinate and not subordinate but by any meanes hapning Let this varietie of endes therfore bee considered and one of them seuerallye examyned from another bycause this consideration bringeth great profite with it For not onely nature requireth vs so too doo but also profit and diligence which are to bée sought in all things that wée do For the principall ende is more profitable then the other and there is more labour required in attaining him then the residue So then it is a thing importing more profit and it requireth also more traueill to go into Italy to returne home againe passing well furnished with the knowledge of Phisicke or Lawe then it dothe to vnderstande how the Venetians gouerne their common wealth or what is done at Rome vppon their Saturnalia feast dayes Fridericus Furius Coeriolanus whom I vsed familiarly during my continuance at Louane telleth an excellent Historie in a certen Booke of his and bicause it teacheth the same which wee declare in this place I will not spare to recite it A certen gentleman of Naples requested of his kinsman which was a noble man and had the tuition of him that hée might haue licence to go sée forreine Cuntries vnto whom hys kinsman promised hée shoulde if first hée would traueill to Rome which was not farre of and there abide a certeyne time The younge gentleman obeying his commaundement went thither and afterwarde returned home still calling vpon his kinsman that he might goe a greater iourney But whē his kinsman perceyued that hée had taken no profite by that traueill said vnto him Sonne you haue séene Medowes Plaines Hilles Valleis Earables Woods Forests Fields Springs Riuers Trées Thickets Villages Castles Cities Beastes Bathes Galleries Colosseis Churches Pallaices Pillers Images Buildinges Downefalles Towers Amphitheatres Triumphall Arches Baines Stéeples Vniuersities Schooles Gardeins Conduites Goodmen and Knaues Ritche and Poore Learned and Ignoraunt and whatsoeuer may else be found within the compasse of the whole world abide therfore nowe henceforwarde at home and content your selfe Thus that most prudente Prince did briefly recite whatsoeuer might bée saide in such a matter and wittely set downe the right order and rule to traueill ouer the worlde wherby hée might reprooue the abuse of traueiling Notwithstanding a man maye by one labour attaine to diuerse endes As for example by traueiling into Italy he may get the knowledge of Phisicke or Lawe and vnderstand also the gouernment of the state of Venice Which when it happeneth in this wise certen also it is that the commoditie which insueth theron must néedes be the greater Wée must also take heede that the commoditie bee good and honest which wée receyue by our traueyll For these two poyntes are not in vayne knit togyther by wyse men and many tymes there is an ouersight éeuen in common wealthes vnder couler of profite and commoditie And the vertue of honestie is such that it preserueth the bewtie of profite So that they which seperate honestie from profite they alwayes obtayne not their true ende nor yet reape that commoditie which they ought to doe But for asmuche as in all humane affayres wée must consider to what ende and for what commoditie they are taken in hande then ought wée most especially too bée myndefull thereof in traueill For who so traueyleth in any other respecte hée spendeth his time in vayne consumeth his goodes to no purpose endamageth the health of his bodye and daungereth his life casting himselfe into a thousand perilles nothing profiting himselfe or others ¶ How a man ought to Traueill and of the effect and commoditie of Traueill The. 3. Chapter THe ende of our traueill being determined and hauing in our minde the hope of great profite which shall ensue to vs thereby a man must so prouide for euerie thynge that aboue all hée haue regarde to hys health whether it bée of bodye or soule For hée that doth not so but dependeth al vpō Fortune be shal make God his enemy hurt his conscience and expose himself to a thousand daungers For immediatly he hath opened as it were a window vnto infinite mischieues hath gotten a most large fielde to offend in But who so committeth hymselselfe vnto Gods kéepyng shall bée saued through his protection as saith the Psalmiste And although many éeuilles and daungers lye in his waye notwythstanding hée shall not bée mooued Hée shall also brydle hys affections since the cheifest meanes to auoyde sinne is to auoide the occasion of sinne wherein hée must employ great diligence and preuent many imminent daungers by hys wisedome So Tobias whē hée sent his sunne forth into Rages exhorted hym aboue all thinge to feare God as the chiefest guide of his iourney and all his affaires Poetes feygne that Aeneas was couered in a cloude by Venus and diuerse other men also by other Goddes thereby escapyng not onely the sight of men and also sundrye perilles that they might haue incurred thereby to declare that they bée safe from daungers that are couered with the might and power of god Which thing likewise the holy scripture testifieth in many places saying They wente foorthe and the Lorde was with them and againe the Lorde dothe know thy iourney and thy Lorde thy God hath remained with thee and thou hast wanted nothinge The nexte care is that hée haue regarde of hys body that is to saye to kéepe it sounde and in good health How this may hée doone preceptes of Phisitious do declare and as farre as I am able to say in the matter it consisteth in the due vse of the sixe things not naturall as they tearme them that is to witte the Aier Meate and
and narrower towarde eche ende to the representacion of an Egge on the outsyde more decayed and defaced then the Amphiteater of Rome is but wythinsyde more tyghte and whole For it is full of Seates and all benched about although in some places the seates bée couered with earthe and ouergrowne with bushes and the compasse of the wall is whole and sounde which reacheth vp a great height In my iudgemeÌ„t this Amphithetre is one of the most auncient Romane Antiquities that remayne at this day Not far from this standeth another building ful of chambers of a wounderful strange Arte and Workemanship diuided into many Celles the one leadyng vnto the other Euerie Cell hath four doores to passe through to the next adioyning whereby I suspecte that it was sometime a Labyrinth the Italians call it Le Camerelle Moreouer in the hauen and Bosome wherin Puteoli standeth are séene hugie Pyles and Péeres in the maine Sea builded a longe crosse the Sea from the shoare of Puteoli vnto the lande on the other side by Caligula the Emperour as Suetonius and Dion Cassius do write Likwise there lyeth the Ilande Crape or rather as Dion tearmeth it Caprea into which Tiberius the Emperour withdrewe himselfe when hée soughte a solitarie place auoiding the sight of the people ¶ An hill arising out of the grounde The. 12. Chapter THis thing moreouer is not to bée ouerpassed with silence that in the same place of the Realme of Naples which they call Tripergula and neare vnto the village which wée shewed before was somtime Ciceroes Academie not many yéeres agoe that is to say in the yéere of our Lorde M. D. xxxviij there suddeinly arose an hill out of the grounde which remaineth vnto thys day conteining in compasse about foure myles Béefore this Hill arose there were continually Earthquakes in that place the space of certein dayes without intermission and fiers of Brimstonie substaunce and of that liquour whych commonlye is called Oleum Petrae Oyle of the Rocke But anone when thys fier béegan to growe to a great flame and when the matter of the fyer was some deale spent there insued suche tumbling out of stones and such flying vp of Ashes fierce windes and horrible perturbacion of the ayre that it was feared that all the whole frame of the worlde would fall All whyche accidentes Leander Bononiensis hath diligently noted and béefore him a certeyne Salernitane wryting in the Italian tongue one that béehelde that wofull and terrible Tragedie Simon Portius lykewyse wroate of the same matter in a Booke intituled Of the burnyng of the Realme of Naples And although thys wonderfull and strange spectacle was the handye woorke of God who ruleth the inferiour course of Nature yet are the causes thereof to bée weyghed if there bée any to bée founde to depende vppon naturall reason It is lyke that the causes therof procéeded from spirites and exhalacions of qualitie fierce and sharpe and verie myghtye included in the Earthe so that it was able to lift it vp and when the Earthe by reason of the weyght thereof stoutely resisted â—he exhalacions it was by that great force therof mightily driuen out of the place where it was before For the flying out of so great abundance of stones and ashes declareth that there was great abundance of such exhalacions shewing that the earthe was for the more part consumed and resolued into ayre After this maner and by eruption of spirites out of the earthe the Poet Ouid wytnesseth that there rise an Hillocke out of a plain field néere to the Citie Troizena in these wordes Not far from Pythei Troizene is a certen high ground found All voyd of trees which heretofore was plain and leuell ground But now a mountaine It is possible also that there may bée new Ilandes found in waters howbeit not insuing vpoÌ„ that same cause which Seuera allegeth to haue hapned in his time when the Ilands Theron and Therea grewe in the Sea not by any allunion or breaking in as in times past the Ilandes Echinades came of whom Plinie hath noted somewhat or else as Aegypt which Herodotus tearmeth the gifte of the Ryuer but by abreaking foorth and rising vp of the Earth whilst many men looked vpon it For the exhalations and windes are many times so vehement and sharpe that they lifte vp the Earth quight aboue the water Semblably Ouid writeth that by casting of twigges and boughes into the water there grew an Iland in the ryuer Tyber And verely all this change and alteration is not deuoyd of naturall reason howbeit no man hath euer declared the causes of them more substancially then hath Strabo where hée sayth Forasmuch as all things do continually mooue and are chaunged we must suppose that the earth remaineth not alwayes one so that nothing is put to it or taken from it nor yet the water whose transmutacion alteration is naturall and well knowne This much Strabo But let vs nowe come to the Citie of Naples The hill Pausilypus The. 13. Chapter THus traueiling from the Countrey and Territoryes of Puteolis towards the Citie of Naples at the laste stone from the Citie wée passe ouer an hill which they call Pausilypus The same being hollowed through at the foot hath a plaine a direct passage through it in length béeynge halfe an Italian myle or somewhat more and so wyde that two Cartes ladeÌ„ may easely passe one by an other but in height it is altogether vnéeuen For at the entrance at both ends which are like two great gates it is so wyde that a man on horsbacke holdyng vp a speare in his hande may enter into it not touch that top but within the height diminisheth by litle â— litle and in no place excéedeth the height of three men This Hill was in thys sorte by great industrie made hollow and leuelled and made smoothe on both sides méeting togither vaâ—twise in the top At eche entrance at both sides are holes at eche hande one wherby there commeth in the Sun light but in the mydle it hath no lyght at al. By reason whereof it commeth to passe that when two horses or Cartes or mo do méete in that place then they cry aloude alla Montagna or alla Marina that is to say hold of to the hilward or to the seaward that therby ech of theÌ„ may know on which side hee shall goe And it is thought among the common people that if any kill a man in this caue he can by no meanes get out of it this they say is found to be true by experience Now when you passe foorthe of this caue towardes the Citie of Naples there offer themselues to bée séene two Churches dedicated vnto our Lady whereof the one that is new lately built begynneth to be inritched largely indowed by reason of Notable miracles which they saye the Virgin Mary hath doone there the other is almost desolate and forlorne which in times past was very famous Which thing as I
was informed cam to passe vpoÌ„ this occasion bycause the staires wherby folkes vsed to goe vp to the hill neare by are at this present brokeÌ„ away beneath which in foretime were wont to bée coÌ„modious vnto manye Matrones and auncient Dames in this respect that by meanes of them they might step aside into the thickets and bushes which growe vpon the hill where vnder colour of religion thei worshipped Venus rather then the Virgin Marie Néere vnto the first Chappell or Church wherof wée now speake is séene the graue of Virgill Maro but some say that it lyeth in the Gardein of the Monasterie vppon the hill hauing this superscription Mee Mantua bred Calabres tooke Parthenop now doth hold Of pastures I haue sung of fieldes likewise of captaines bold Howbeit it is credible enough the Virgill was buried there in a certen Chappell which is yet remaining but the verses are so defaced y here and there a maÌ„ can scarce discerne one whole letter ther is no MonumeÌ„t to be séen wherby a man may vnderstand the truth The Munks y are there say that there was an I mage of Brasse vpon the Tumbe which the citizens of Mantua tooke away by stealth and diligeÌ„tly kéepe it to this present day Which thyng whether it be true or no I knowe not But I my selfe among many things mo saw in the same Citie a very auntient statu or Image vnder which the aboue write verses were ingraueÌ„ but whether the same were brought froÌ„ any other place thyther or not y could we not vnderstand Likewise some doe write that the Poet Ennius had a picture or Image laid vpoÌ„ his tumbe by the Scipioes And not far froÌ„ this place wher is said to be Maroes graue lieth also the Tumbe of Iacobus Sannazarius whose learned works are abroade in the world vpon which these verses following are ingrauen made as it is iudged by Bembus Cast flowers on this sacred dust as next to Maroes schrine So next this Poet comes in golden gift and veine diuine ¶ The Citie of Naples The. 14. Chapter ANd now when we haue passed froÌ„ the hill Pausilypus the noble citie of Naples aduaunceth it selfe to sight that kynges Sea the Metropolitane citie of all that Realme The same was first named Parthenope when the Citizens of Cumae builded it after the accidents which befell there wherof we haue discoursed more at large in conuenient place béefore Of the beginning and foundatioÌ„ of this Citie Silius the Poet hath thus written One of the Sirenes first did giue to thee thy noble name And to thy walles that Acheloia hight of worthy fame O Naples braue whose dulcet songes woont on the seas to ring And long ere that her hearers to their fatall end to bring While on the waues shee sate and charmd her tunes of woful lay And to the haples Seamen sange their greeuous great decay ¶ Gardeines The. 15. Chapter FRom the hill towards the Citie are fermes cuntrey houses belonging vnto Noble men whose Gardeins are surpassing and most excellent First and foremost they abound with plentie of water deuised to runne by sutche workmanship industrie and cunning that in many places you shall sée water run out of a tree and to fall down into certeyne vesselles of Marble In which vesselles you may perceaue by cuÌ„ning wrought how Neptune swimmeth vpon the water beating the water wyth his thréeforked scepter as it were the waues of the Sea. In another place you shall sée the Naiades and Nymphes of the Sea or Aeolus Kinge of the wyndes There maye you also béeholde the Faunes and Satyres made of certein shelles that are gathered in the Sea framed so feately that they séeme rather to be grauen or painted then to bée set together of litle small péeces they do so liuely resemble a naturall and lyuing colour There bee moreouer Labirinthes throughe which there runneth water w sundrie crokes windings turning sometime this way somtime that There be also Springes and Welles in these Gardeines fashioned like caues hellow vnder the grounde builded with stones y are eaten and fretten by salâ—nesse of the Sea water so that the water droppeth through them which is very pleasant to behold For the stones resemble the colour of 〈◊〉 or Yee then are thei also 〈◊〉 with other fine carued and Checkered péeces set in as Corrall Moother of Pearle and certeyne Herbes whose séedes béeyng prycked in and nourished by the moysture doe spryng and burgein vp in the midst of the stones The water also runneth out of the Welles into the Gardeines by certen pypes and gutters in that pauement whiche pauement for the moste part is made of Marble or else of faire pauynge tiles and neuer hurteth the pauement These pypes and gutters are large and wide seruyng as well to kéepe fishe in as to â—â—le their drink béeynge set into them Neare vnto these welles or fountaine briâ—â—â—es stand Cagies of Birds into which out of the pypes there leapeth water verie arteficially and the birdes receaue it verye commodiouslye In the Cagies are merueilous faire and goodly singing birdes brought out of straunge Countreyes Nexte vnto these wée passe into very pleasant and delectable walks wherin these ar Arbours ships Houses Centaures with many other likenesses of sundrye straunge beastes lyuing creatures And when ye go out of these there be diuers sorts of herbs set many times after the maner of Labrinth or Maze with thickets of Bay-trées of Cipres trées and of Vines And many times there are séene Labirinthes and Mazes of Box trée Iuiâ— and Mirtles moreouer there grow in these Gardens Palme trées the fruite wherof are Dates with other straung and rare Trées And to be short for I wyll now speake nothinge of Images and Monuments there is such plentie of most delicate and choice fruites such swéet smelles and such pleasure that it is not possible ther shuld be any greater or more delectable in the Gardens of Hesperides that are termed the Gardeins of all delight Thus from the Monasterie of Munks whereof I spake a litle before vnto the Citie all the way alonge are nothinge els but Noble mens Fermes and gardeiues The Citie 〈◊〉 in a reache or crooke of the Sea called Mare Tyrrhenum beinge builded in thrée square fourme whereof two corners looke towardes the Sea and the thirde towardes the Hilles whiche are not verye farre of from it It standeth vpon a ground or foundacion not equall or leuell but as it were forked and risinge vp on both sides The Merchantes and common multitude for the moste part inhabite the lower parte of the Citie and the Noble men the higher Wherefore there are séene moste sumptious and bewtifull Pallaces amonge whiche as chiefe is the Pallace of Vrsine prince of Salerne of the Prince of Sulmo and Thomas Cambius adorned set forth with many pictures and Statues 〈◊〉 Lionesse standinge ouer the gate with this inscription To Iubiter xenius ¶ Welles and Streetes The 16. Chapter MOreouer I