Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	elevation_n	latitude_n	zone_n	16	3	14.3299	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40990	Fruit-walls improved, by inclining them to the horizon, or, A way to build walls for fruit-trees whereby they may receive more sun shine, and heat, than ordinary / by a member of the Royal Society.	Fatio de Duillier, Nicolas, 1664-1753.	1699 (1699)	Wing F557; ESTC R5191	76,970	164

they_o in_o each_o climate_n within_o the_o two_o extreme_n we_o shall_v find_v i_o shall_v not_o easy_o choose_v to_o make_v any_o where_o except_o perhaps_o in_o extraordinary_a high_a ground_n the_o south-wall_n more_o slope_v than_o a_o elevation_n of_o about_o 30_o or_o 40_o degree_n upon_o the_o horizon_n will_v make_v it_o to_o be_v for_o tho'_o a_o great_a obliquity_n of_o the_o wall_n will_v not_o hinder_v vegetation_n but_o rather_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v forward_o it_o yet_o our_o experience_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v so_o very_o narrow_a i_o can_v know_v otherwise_o than_o by_o guess_n how_o the_o elevation_n of_o only_a 10_o or_o 20_o degree_n upon_o the_o horizon_n will_v agree_v with_o plant_n however_o such_o small_a elevation_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o south-wall_n in_o these_o country_n country_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o use_n for_o our_o south-wall_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n as_o there_o may_v possible_o be_v for_o those_o fruit_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o that_o climate_n require_v also_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o sunshine_n to_o bring_v they_o to_o perfection_n especial_o in_o the_o high_a situation_n upon_o some_o hill_n or_o some_o mountain_n i_o shall_v even_o there_o choose_v not_o to_o give_v these_o wall_n less_o than_o 40_o or_o 45_o degree_n elevation_n which_o slope_v will_v perhaps_o give_v but_o too_o much_o heat_n for_o there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_v whether_o it_o will_v not_o scorch_v any_o plant_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v set_v in_o these_o hot_a country_n against_o a_o wall_n very_o much_o incline_v so_o i_o shall_v leave_v the_o most_o slope_v south-wall_n for_o the_o climate_n that_o have_v about_o 40_o or_o 45_o degree_n latitude_n and_o not_o use_v they_o there_o neither_o but_o upon_o mountain_n or_o for_o the_o plant_n of_o hot_a country_n in_o iseland_n which_o be_v place_v under_o the_o polar_a circle_n the_o incline_v south-wall_n must_v make_v a_o angle_n of_o more_o than_o 46_o degree_n and_o less_o than_o 66½_n degree_n with_o the_o horizon_n general_o in_o all_o the_o temperate_a zone_n i_o shall_v limit_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o south-wall_n between_o 30_o and_o 66_o degree_n these_o several_a consideration_n must_v be_v due_o weigh_v together_o as_o well_o as_o the_o tenderness_n of_o your_o plant_n in_o order_n to_o choose_v a_o proper_a elevation_n but_o a_o small_a error_n in_o this_o be_v not_o of_o great_a consequence_n if_o you_o intend_v to_o raise_v all_o the_o heat_v possible_a for_o you_o can_v indeed_o err_v considerable_o but_o one_o way_n to_o wit_n country_n in_o procure_v too_o much_o heat_n if_o you_o do_v not_o fear_v to_o exceed_v in_o this_o you_o may_v follow_v the_o number_n of_o this_o table_n where_o the_o first_o column_n give_v the_o latitude_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n latitude_n deg._n great_a elevation_n of_o the_o south_n wall_n deg._n lest_o elevation_n of_o the_o south_n wall_n deg._n lest_o elevation_n correct_v deg._n middle_a elevation_n deg._n 40_o 40_o 20_o 30_o 35_o 50_o 50_o 30_o 35_o 42½_n 60_o 60_o 40_o 40_o 50_o 70_o 70_o 50_o 50_o 60_o i_o two_o iii_o iv_o five_o the_o second_o column_n give_v the_o great_a and_o the_o three_o column_n the_o least_o elevation_n of_o the_o south_n wall_n upon_o the_o horizon_n the_o four_o column_n give_v the_o same_o least_o elevation_n with_o some_o correction_n that_o be_v not_o make_v in_o order_n to_o increase_v the_o heat_n but_z at_o the_o expense_n of_o some_o heat_n to_o give_v in_o small_a latitude_n more_o elevation_n to_o the_o wall_n the_o five_o column_n give_v only_o the_o middle_a number_n between_o those_o of_o the_o second_o and_o four_o never_o differ_v from_o they_o one_o way_n or_o another_o more_o than_o 10_o degree_n the_o table_n be_v make_v from_o this_o rule_n that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o south_n wall_n in_o temperate_a country_n aught_o in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o most_o of_o the_o sun_n heat_n neither_o to_o be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n nor_o less_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n want_v 20_o degree_n so_o then_o the_o second_o and_o four_o column_n may_v pretty_a well_o serve_v especial_o in_o great_a latitude_n for_o limit_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o our_o warm_a south_n wall_n country_n but_o the_o elevation_n for_o hot_a country_n can_v be_v so_o well_o determine_v till_o experience_n have_v teach_v what_o may_v and_o what_o may_v not_o be_v do_v there_o in_o those_o hot_a climate_n the_o rule_n i_o give_v just_a now_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o use_n for_o it_o suppose_v that_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a by_o the_o end_n of_o october_n or_o long_o before_o but_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n we_o may_v have_v fruit_n all_o the_o year_n round_o in_o great_a latitude_n the_o sun_n in_o autumn_n and_o winter_n shine_v seldom_o and_o always_o through_o a_o great_a depth_n of_o air_n which_o incline_v one_o to_o neglect_v that_o insignificant_a sunshine_n and_o to_o make_v the_o most_o of_o the_o sunshine_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n by_o keep_v the_o south_n wall_n as_o our_o rule_n do_v rather_o more_o slope_v than_o they_o need_v have_v be_v otherwise_o but_o pretty_a near_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o sun_n come_v every_o day_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n and_o that_o invite_v one_o not_o to_o neglect_v the_o sunshine_n so_o much_o during_o autumn_n and_o winter_n and_o by_o consequence_n to_o make_v there_o the_o wall_n rather_o less_o slope_v which_o the_o scorch_a heat_n require_v also_o all_o these_o reason_n seem_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o south_n wall_n must_v again_o grow_v rather_o more_o upright_o as_o one_o come_v near_a the_o equator_fw-la for_o let_v it_o ever_o be_v remember_v to_o consider_v whether_o the_o climate_n the_o height_n of_o the_o situation_n the_o soil_n the_o exposition_n the_o nature_n of_o your_o plant_n and_o the_o season_n of_o their_o grow_a be_v such_o as_o to_o permit_v you_o to_o give_v your_o slope_v wall_n the_o most_o heat_v you_o can_v procure_v as_o to_o the_o use_v of_o the_o table_n table_n the_o fruit_n that_o ripen_v in_o autumn_n and_o very_o late_o in_o the_o year_n require_v the_o great_a elevation_n those_o that_o ripen_v in_o june_n or_o july_n the_o least_o such_o as_o grow_v ripe_a in_o may_n will_v have_v almost_o the_o least_o elevation_n and_o such_o as_o grow_v ripe_a in_o april_n august_n and_o september_n require_v some_o middling_a one_o but_o if_o any_o fruit_n such_o as_o pease_n &c_n &c_n be_v to_o grow_v ripe_a in_o march_n they_o require_v again_o the_o great_a elevation_n now_o all_o this_o be_v say_v upon_o supposition_n that_o you_o be_v in_o no_o fear_n of_o procure_v too_o much_o heat_n and_o this_o be_v what_o we_o can_v at_o present_a determine_v about_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o south_n wall_n before_o we_o proceed_v far_o expose_v shall_v not_o we_o relate_v as_o a_o experiment_n favour_v our_o incline_v wall_n that_o where_o vine_n do_v grow_v in_o the_o open_a air_n they_o choose_v to_o plant_v they_o not_o upon_o a_o flat_a but_o upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n expose_v to_o the_o east_n or_o southeast_n or_o south_n which_o slope_v of_o the_o ground_n consonant_n to_o the_o theory_n i_o have_v be_v propose_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a advantage_n and_o to_o this_o must_v also_o be_v refer_v what_o monsieur_n la_fw-fr quintinye_a have_v write_v concern_v the_o exposition_n and_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o great_a garden_n but_o if_o after_o all_o there_o shall_v be_v leave_v some_o scruple_n in_o the_o reader_n be_v mind_n let_v he_o either_o examine_v the_o demonstration_n i_o shall_v give_v in_o this_o discourse_n or_o cause_v some_o proper_a judge_n to_o tell_v he_o how_o far_o he_o may_v rely_v upon_o they_o have_v then_o no_o reason_n to_o think_v but_o that_o our_o theory_n will_v be_v find_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n we_o may_v see_v far_o how_o it_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o extend_a and_o easy_a practice_n if_o any_o body_n therefore_o be_v desirous_a particular_o in_o a_o country_n not_o expose_v to_o some_o return_n of_o frost_n in_o the_o spring_n fruit._n and_o to_o blast_a wind_n to_o raise_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o good_a fruit_n either_o for_o his_o own_o use_n or_o for_o the_o market_n i_o will_v advise_v he_o both_o as_o the_o best_a and_o the_o least_o chargeable_a to_o choose_v in_o a_o very_a good_a soil_n especial_o in_o the_o side_n of_o a_o narrow_a vale_n a_o convenient_a hill_n or_o rising_n with_o a_o pretty_a strong_a ascent_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o south_n south_n east_n or_o to_o the_o south_n and_o by_o east_n or_o to_o the_o south_n or_o to_o the_o south_n and_o by_o west_n or_o at_o least_o not_o far_o from_o

part_n of_o the_o spring_n the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o our_o terrace_n from_o the_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v some_o few_o degree_n high_a and_o by_o consequence_n soon_o after_o the_o dew_n be_v fall_v so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o time_n at_o least_o in_o fair_a wether_n without_o which_o we_o have_v common_o no_o dew_n for_o much_o harm_n to_o be_v do_v especial_o the_o vapour_n or_o steam_n that_o arise_v from_o the_o ground_n be_v more_o like_a to_o disperse_v in_o the_o air_n than_o to_o condense_a against_o our_o tree_n as_o i_o shall_v explain_v hereafter_o however_o this_o inconveniency_n be_v already_o too_o much_o feel_v in_o ordinary_a garden_n the_o remedy_n against_o it_o be_v find_v and_o well_o know_v at_o least_o by_o such_o as_o raise_v some_o early_a and_o tender_a plant_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o winter_n our_o wall_n be_v also_o more_o expose_v to_o storm_n hail_n and_o hail_n than_o ordinary_a wall_n yet_o this_o ought_v not_o to_o deter_v we_o for_o we_o shall_v not_o have_v this_o accident_n every_o year_n at_o such_o time_n when_o we_o may_v fear_v it_o and_o if_o we_o shall_v have_v it_o yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o many_o of_o our_o fruit_n will_v escape_v be_v spoil_v neither_o be_v it_o impossible_a to_o cover_v such_o tree_n as_o be_v most_o precious_a when_o there_o be_v any_o prospect_n of_o a_o storm_n i_o expect_v some_o will_v object_v also_o ground_n that_o the_o natural_a posture_n of_o tree_n be_v to_o grow_v upright_o their_o lean_v against_o a_o bank_n will_v be_v like_a to_o disagree_v with_o their_o vegetation_n but_o this_o objection_n have_v not_o that_o strength_n in_o it_o which_o be_v in_o the_o former_a and_o may_v well_o have_v pass_v under_o silence_n for_o it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n in_o our_o garden_n to_o force_v tree_n into_o a_o figure_n not_o at_o all_o natural_a to_o they_o and_o even_o tree_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o open_a air_n have_v some_o of_o their_o branch_n bend_v downward_o and_o most_o of_o they_o in_o a_o manner_n parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v order_v wise_o for_o the_o beauty_n and_o stability_n of_o tree_n but_o not_o for_o their_o fruitfulness_n that_o they_o shall_v natural_o grow_v upright_o now_o these_o first_o consideration_n cease_v in_o a_o incline_v wall_n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o as_o to_o the_o production_n of_o fruit_n vegetation_n will_v have_v there_o its_o ordinary_a course_n wall_n it_o have_v be_v twice_o object_v to_o i_o that_o the_o dampness_n of_o the_o ground_n will_v probable_o spoil_v the_o fruit_n grow_v against_o our_o slope_v wall_n which_o make_v i_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o objection_n for_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v neglect_v to_o give_v it_o a_o answer_n i_o say_v then_o that_o either_o this_o inconvenience_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v fear_v or_o if_o it_o be_v that_o the_o remedy_n be_v obvious_a and_o easy_a i_o do_v not_o fear_v it_o in_o such_o terrace_n as_o those_o of_o the_o two_o iii_o and_o xith_o figure_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v well_o expose_v for_o i_o can_v see_v what_o mighty_a store_n of_o dampness_n can_v come_v or_o be_v keep_v there_o since_o water_n natural_o run_v off_o of_o such_o heap_n but_o as_o to_o the_o low_a terrace_n of_o the_o first_o figure_n if_o one_o or_o two_o bed_n of_o brick_n be_v not_o enough_o at_o least_o three_o or_o four_o such_o bed_n and_o what_o else_o one_o please_v underneath_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o wall_n remain_v dry_a at_o the_o outside_n moreover_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o fruit_n shall_v touch_v the_o very_a wall_n but_o in_o case_n it_o shall_v grow_v too_o close_o against_o it_o a_o thin_a slate_n or_o a_o small_a ring_n of_o any_o proper_a matter_n and_o shape_n will_v easy_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o terrasse_n after_o all_o i_o think_v experience_n to_o which_o i_o must_v appeal_v will_v add_v no_o strength_n to_o this_o objection_n some_o have_v urge_v etc._n against_o our_o wall_n that_o our_o fruit_n will_v be_v eat_v up_o by_o mouse_n or_o by_o ant_n etc._n etc._n tho'_o i_o may_v say_v that_o all_o other_o tree_n be_v expose_v to_o this_o very_a mischief_n for_o it_o be_v know_v that_o those_o mouse_n and_o ant_n can_v easy_o creep_v upon_o they_o yet_o to_o this_o and_o all_o other_o objection_n i_o will_v give_v but_o one_o general_a answer_n they_o i_o ask_v whether_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v object_v be_v real_a necessary_a general_a and_o unavoidable_a or_o else_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n imaginary_a i_o ask_v whether_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n leave_v against_o it_o to_o our_o care_n and_o industry_n i_o ask_v when_o all_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o objection_n that_o can_v be_v give_v it_o whether_o there_o will_v be_v nothing_o at_o all_o leave_v for_o we_o but_o tree_n without_o fruit_n it_o be_v true_a that_o i_o ought_v by_o so_o much_o more_o to_o fear_v the_o resort_n of_o infect_v to_o our_o fruit_n as_o they_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v more_o excellent_a than_o other_o be_v but_o it_o be_v well_o for_o we_o that_o the_o first_o inventor_n and_o improver_n of_o art_n have_v not_o at_o all_o be_v move_v by_o such_o objection_n as_o these_o be_v they_o great_a than_o such_o as_o may_v be_v make_v against_o a_o countryman_n who_o will_v sow_v his_o ground_n how_o be_v he_o secure_v against_o the_o vexation_n of_o troublesome_a neighbour_n against_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o enemy_n the_o mischief_n of_o civil_a war_n the_o unfaithfulness_n of_o servant_n how_o can_v he_o depend_v upon_o fair_a and_o seasonable_a wether_n without_o too_o much_o drought_n or_o rain_n without_o hail_n and_o storm_n and_o strong_a wind_n may_v not_o his_o seed_n be_v eat_v up_o in_o the_o field_n may_v not_o his_o increase_n be_v steal_v away_o from_o he_o or_o destroy_v by_o numberless_a sort_n of_o infect_v what_o shall_v i_o say_v of_o the_o mischief_n of_o fire_n what_o of_o tax_n and_o tithe_n what_o of_o the_o price_n of_o rent_n and_o lease_n what_o of_o sell_v one_o increase_n to_o such_o as_o will_v not_o or_o can_v pay_v their_o debt_n what_o of_o all_o other_o fear_n and_o trouble_n that_o may_v come_v upon_o this_o poor_a countryman_n yet_o for_o all_o this_o our_o field_n be_v plough_v we_o be_v nourish_v and_o our_o barn_n be_v fill_v with_o grain_n such_o be_v the_o profusion_n with_o which_o god_n almighty_a provide_v for_o we_o that_o after_o all_o deduction_n make_v we_o have_v enough_o to_o bless_v his_o munificence_n and_o to_o live_v with_o plenty_n now_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n satisfy_v the_o curiosity_n and_o impatience_n of_o the_o reader_n i_o may_v proeeed_o to_o show_v how_o i_o calculate_v the_o proportion_n of_o heat_n i_o give_v before_o between_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o a_o slope_v south_n wall_n and_o treat_v at_o large_a of_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n upon_o which_o those_o and_o the_o like_a calculation_n be_v ground_v endeavour_v to_o make_v our_o doctrine_n as_o general_a and_o as_o exact_v as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_n will_v bear_v i_o begin_v with_o calculate_v pole_n for_o the_o parallel_n that_o lie_v one_o degree_n north_n of_o london_n the_o proportion_n between_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o summer_n solstice_n upon_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o upon_o a_o incline_v smooth_a wall_n with_o a_o elevation_n of_o 52¼_n degree_n which_o be_v a_o inclination_n very_o good_a there_o for_o the_o fruit_n that_o be_v ripe_a in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n or_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n for_o other_o fruit_n that_o elevation_n be_v rather_o of_o the_o great_a the_o circle_n ptep_v describe_v from_o the_o centre_n c_o represent_v the_o celestial_a sphere_n iu._n ch_z be_v the_o horizon_n calculation_n p_o the_o pole_n ce_fw-fr the_fw-fr equator_fw-la it_o a_o parallel_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o suppose_v here_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n cip_n be_v the_o plane_n of_o the_o incline_v wall_n ci_o cm_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a wall_n cm._n upon_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o parallel_n ti_fw-mi i_o suppose_v a_o right_n cylindrical_a surface_n elevate_v and_o prolong_v of_o each_o side_n as_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a which_o i_o do_v in_o order_n to_o find_v upon_o it_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n now_o it_o be_v easy_o know_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o ray_n fall_v from_o the_o sun_n upon_o any_o plane_n be_v as_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o sun_n altitude_n on_o that_o plane_n and_o that_o the_o force_n of_o each_o ray_n come_v from_o the_o sun_n upon_o a_o plane_n be_v also_o as_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o sun_n altitude_n on_o that_o plane_n from_o whence_o

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