Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	east_n	south_n	west_n	5,537	5	9.2667	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65619	An account of the churches, or places of assembly, of the primitive Christians from the churches of Tyre, Jerusalem, and Constantinople described by Eusebius : and ocular observations of several very ancient edifices of churches yet extant in those parts : with a seasonable application / by Sir George Wheler ...	Wheler, George, Sir, 1650-1723.; Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340.	1689 (1689)	Wing W1606; ESTC R34742	41,000	136

therefore as I have observed it in Ancient Buildings I shall accommodate to Eusebius his Description 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. To this Porch Eusebius joyns three Doors on the same side one great one in the middle and two lesser on each hand This exactly agrees with that great Building at Troy which has three great Arches remaining at the Front of the Building That in the middle is much bigger than those that are on each hand These three Doors led into three Divisions of the Church made by the two Ranks of Pillars or four great Supporters of the Cupalo in the midst 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. If I understand this right there were three Cloysters if not four to this Temple One in the Front which he had before described and two others at each side of the Temple one Which must needs make the whole very Magnificent and Glorious yet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 seem to me more than on both sides of the Temple I should rather translate it On each side of the whole Temple And then there must be also one at the East end and so the Symetry is full But this would make an extraordinary difference in the Scheme from other Churches that are now extant For if so it might probably have four Doors at East West North and South which none of those Ancient Churches I ever saw yet extant will permit me to be positive in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. On high above these Portico's he contrived several Windows to let in much Light into the House c. This shews that these Portico's were of a moderate height so that Windows might be made above them and also that they were on one side contiguous to the Sides of the Temple 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Ipsam verò aedem Regiam The Royal Edifice i. e. The Church For so we shall find the Famous Churches Cathedrals especially often named by Eusebius and others Ensebius gives us not a perfect Platform of this so that we must be forced to Collect from others to make up this Defect Eusebius leaves us at the Entrance of the three great Doors which were it seems at three sides if not four If at four sides then the Platform must be an exact Square with a great Cupalo or Dome in the middle sustained by four great Pilasters as that of Jovian at Corfu which to my best Remembrance hath but four Pilasters sustaining the Cupalo and I think Sancta Sophia at Constantinople hath no more But if it was an oblong Square then I suppose there were more Pillars between those that held up the Cupalo and the great Doors I shall suppose this to be an exact Square because of the equal Number of Cloysters and Doors at each side 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 With Thrones on high or in the highest or chiefest place Where or how these Thrones were placed in this Church Eusebius his Rhetorical Style renders difficult to determine If he means in the Highest or Chiefest place it must be at the Eastern-side of the Church under the half Cupalo making a Semi-circle As there are several in Greece remaining to this Day As at Athens in the Temple of Minerva At Prossia in the great Church turn'd into a Mosque And as Monsieur Grelot describes it in Sancta Sophia at Constantinople But if there were Doors and Cloysters on each of the four Sides this could not be And he must only mean Altissimis Thronis as the Translator understands it If so they must be placed under the Circle of the great Cupalo which was separated from the rest of the Church with Latice work of Wood wrought most curiously with various Figures For this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Synthronon as it was also called was placed within the Sacred Place towards the Eastern End against the Wall. But here it was placed probably only near the Latice Separation which kept off the People every way and was placed in the middle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c At last he placed the Holy of Holies the Altar in the middle which he made every way inaccessible to the Multitude by a Separation of Wood c. So that if he means by the Middle the middle of the whole Church the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 must be about it And as I believe in a Semicircular form as I have seen it only with this difference That in those it is against the Wall at the East End but here a Space was left between it and the East Wall without it as between it and the South North and Western Entrances for the ●ate●umenoi to come and hear the Word of God Either at the several great Doors or a little within them So I shall place the Altar in the Middle under the great Cupalo which I conceive was separated from the rest of the Church by Cancelli or open work of Wood curiously carved and wrought in various Figures and Flowers And and at the Eastern side of this Circle I shall place the Thrones or the Synthronon because it was the General use of the Primitive Christians to Worship God towards the East And in figure like that remaining at Athens which is thus Three large Degrees or Steps of White Marble one above another in a Semicircular form high enough to sit upon and broad enough for the Feet of those sitting above and for the Seat of those sitting thereon beneath Upon the uppermost Step is a large Chair of beautiful White Marble in the middle of the Segment alone against the Window which I suppose was for the Archbishop The uppermost Step I suppose was for the Bishop's Collegues when they met upon Consecrations of Bishops Synods c. as the Ancient Canons ordain and the next for the Presbyters For that they use to sit with the Bishops is evident from Zonaras on the LVIII Apostolick Canon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c For this Reason it is Ordained That the Bishop sit on a Seat on High in the Holy Place to shew the Duty of his Office to look down upon the People committed to their Charge from above and narrowly to watch observe and oversee them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c There also the Presbyters are commanded to assist the Bishop and fit with him that they also from these High Seats may be induced with Prudence to inspect the People and to instruct them as given to be Fellow Labourers to the Bishop From whence we learn not only That the Bishop and Presbyters sate together on High Seats or Thrones but also that this was placed within the Holy Place he calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which plainly in this place signifies not the Altar or Holy Table but the Place where it stood Thô sometime it signifieth no more And so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Eusebius may for ought I see be understood And if so then the placing of it in the Middle of this Church becomes necessary But it must

be acknowledged that this place and the Holy Table are indifferently called by the same Name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in such places as the sence distinguisheth them And this Holy Place was called also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 either from the Steps ascending to it or the Degrees that were placed in it And was ordinarily the most remote place and part of the Church towards the East as I shall shew afterwards But in this Famous Church of Tyre it seems to be placed in the Middle of the Church under the great Cupolo also by its being 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 every way separate from the Vulgar by Latice of Wood. From this Passage of Zonaras we are also inform'd that from hence the Bishop and Presbyters use to Preach and instruct the People which may also be proved by several others as great if not greater Authorities And so the placing of it here in the Middle was most convenient for a great Multitude of Auditors to stand round about him the Faithful nearest and the Katechumenoi and Penitents next to them So therefore I will place it in this Scheme of the Church of Tyre 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 What these Exhedrae and great Edifices were I find the Learned Valetius is at a stand to determine He supposeth they were the Baptistory or place where they used to Baptize or Secretarium the Vestery Salutatorium or the Place to keep the Sick in an Hospital Indeed in several Ancient Western Churches I have seen the Baptistory by it self a distance from the Churches as at Piza and Spalato but I never saw it in the Eastern Besides Eusebius speaks of them as the two Fountains in the Inner-Court or Cloyster which he calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Symbols of holy Cleansing or Purifying He also assigns the use of them to wit for Mansions for those who have need of Baptism and those that have need of Expiation to wit the Katechumenoi who staid there for to Study and to have Instruction and the Penitents who staid there to intreat the Church for Absolution and to do the Penance appointed by the Canons of the Church But some of these Buildings indeed might be assigned for Hospitals for the Poor and Sick and especially for Ancient Widows for whom the Ancient Church had all the Care and Veneration imaginable I do not doubt but among these also were Apartments for the Ministers attending the Divine Service and Prayers Night and Day if not for the Bishop himself Such as are mentioned by Eusebius to be annexed to the Portico about the Church of the Apostles at Constantinople to wit Palaces Baths Lodgins for Strangers and several other Necessary places for the use of those that kept the Temple that is the Ministers thereof which were built to the Cloysters The Placing of these as near as I can guess was parallel to the Great Vestibulum or Porch on each side and from thence in a single Row or in two Quadrangles to joyn up to the Basilico or inward Temple For so he makes them on the one part to be joyned to the Basilico 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And at the other to the Gates of the Middle Edifice 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I have made them therefore to fill up the vacant Angles between the Courts on each hand so that they might have Doors into the several Cloysters or Portico's to the Temple as Eusebius seems to intimate before when he saith Those Cloysters were a convenient Habitation for those that yet had need of the first Institution or Instruction Whether the other two Spaces at the East End were filled up with Buildings is not certain but to fill up the Beauteous Symetry he every where expresseth I am apt to believe they were either for Houses for the Ministers or Hospitals for the Poor Sick and Widows And now I think every one must needs confess That they never saw any thing more Beautiful Magnificent and Uniform than this Primitive Cathedral of Tyre which was built immediately as soon as they had either Capacity or Liberty to do it And we read of no Murmurers that envyed the costly Devotion of those Pious Bishops and People bestowed on GOD their Saviour and Mighty Redeemer Nor were they by any charged with Superstition either upon that or any other account in that Glorious Age of the Church The Plane of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher CHAP. IV. Of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre THIS by the Piety of the Emperour Constantine was built over the Place where the Body of our Saviour was laid from the time of his Death to his Resurrection This Place as the most Eminent Monument of the Truth of the Christian Religion the Heathens had defiled covered it all over with Rubbish and Earth and then built a Temple to their most unclean Goddess Venus But the Memory of it being preserved by the Christians this Prophane Temple was demolished and the whole unsanctified Materials quite carried away and cleansed to the Rock by the Command of the Emperour where they found that Venerable Monument entire and perfect after so many years Which gave great Joy to the whole Church and especially the Pious Emperour who resolved there to erect a Glorious Church beyond any extant in any City in the World to be a Triumphant Trophy of the Glorious Victory of Christ over Death the World and the Devil And to that end wrote Letters to Macarius the Bishop of Jerusalem to consult about the Matter and Form of it And to all the Presidents and Governours of those Parts to be assistant with things Necessary and with all the most Precious Materials and ablest Architects and Workmen And this Eusebius describes at length by the Epistle it self and then in the 33d Chapter of his Third Book goes on thus Those things the Emperour wrote and the effect followed immediately after his words for in the very place of our Saviour's Sufferings was built the New Jerusalem over against the Old Famous City Which after the Impious Murther of our LORD suffered the utmost Desolation for the sake of its wicked Inhabitants The Emperour right over against it Erected the Trophy of Our SAVIOUR's Victory over Death adorned with Riches and Beauty And perhaps this was that New Jerusalem spoken of by the Prophets which the Blessed Words in many places in the Spirit of God doth celebrate First he Adorned the Holy Cave as the Chief Head and Principal part of the whole Work to wit the Divine Monument beside which the Angel cloathed with Celestial Light declared the Glad Tidings of Regeneration by our SAVIOUR to all the World. This I say as the Chief of the whole Work His Imperial Majesty adorned with wonderful Pillars with admirable Beauty and with all kind of Ornaments Thence you pass into a vast great Court open to the pure Air curiously Paved with Beautiful Stones encompassed at three Sides with long Portico's Because the Royal Temple was joyned to