any_o land_n this_o horizon_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n namely_o right_a and_o oblique_a the_o right_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o they_o have_v that_o live_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o pass_v by_o their_o zenith_n and_o therefore_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n or_o circle_n fall_v perpendicular_o and_o right_o across_o with_o their_o horizon_n and_o both_o the_o south_n and_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v in_o their_o horizon_n the_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o they_o have_v that_o live_v not_o direct_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o unto_o they_o the_o equinoctial_a divide_v the_o horizon_n oblique_o and_o not_o right_o across_o and_o one_o pole_n be_v always_o above_o their_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o be_v beneath_o their_o horizon_n and_o can_v be_v see_v this_o horizon_n be_v represent_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n by_o a_o certain_a imagine_a circle_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o point_n where_o our_o ship_n be_v from_o which_o centre_n be_v imagine_v to_o proceed_v unto_o the_o say_a circle_n 32_o line_n which_o represent_v the_o 32_o wind_n or_o rumb_n which_o always_o be_v draw_v in_o our_o sea-compasse_n which_o likewise_o in_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o paper_n do_v continual_o represent_v unto_o we_o both_o by_o day_n and_o night_n the_o whole_a horizon_n with_o his_o 32_o division_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o 32_o wind_n this_o right_a or_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v divide_v into_o 32_o equal_a part_n by_o 16_o line_n which_o they_o call_v rumb_n and_o they_o cut_v themselves_o in_o the_o point_n where_o we_o stand_v of_o which_o rumb_n that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o point_n where_o the_o equinoctial_a begin_v and_o end_v which_o be_v where_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v the_o 11_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 13_o of_o september_n be_v call_v east_n and_o west_n and_o that_o which_o cut_v it_o right_o across_o be_v name_v north_n and_o south_n and_o the_o four_o extreme_n or_o end_n of_o these_o two_o line_n be_v distant_a upon_o the_o horizon_n one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o they_o make_v four_o quarter_n every_o one_o of_o which_o quarter_n be_v divide_v in_o the_o midst_n do_v make_v four_o other_o point_n and_o that_o which_o fall_v between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o east_n be_v call_v north-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o west_n northwest_n that_o between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o east_n southeast_n and_o that_o between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o west_n south-west_n and_o so_o the_o horizon_n be_v divide_v by_o four_o line_n or_o numb_v into_o eight_o principal_a wind_n note_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n with_o black_a line_n and_o if_o you_o divide_v every_o one_o of_o those_o eight_o part_n in_o the_o midst_n you_o shall_v have_v other_o eight_o line_n and_o other_o four_o rumb_n which_o in_o all_o be_v 16_o wind_n and_o each_o one_o of_o these_o have_v his_o name_n compound_v of_o the_o name_n of_o those_o principal_a wind_n which_o be_v on_o either_o side_n thereof_o as_o for_o example_n that_o half_a wind_n which_o be_v between_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north-east_n be_v call_v north-north-east_n and_o that_o which_o blow_v between_o the_o east_n and_o the_o north-east_n be_v call_v east-north-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o east_n and_o the_o southeast_n east-south-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o southeast_n south-south-east_n and_o that_o between_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o west_n west-south-west_n and_o that_o between_o the_o west_n and_o northwest_n west-north-west_n and_o that_o between_o the_o northwest_n and_o the_o north_n north-north-west_n and_o these_o be_v note_v in_o the_o chart_n with_o green_a line_n final_o if_o you_o divide_v every_o one_o of_o these_o sixteen_o wind_n in_o the_o midst_n they_o will_v yield_v you_o other_o 16_o wind_n and_o will_v amount_v to_o 32_o wind_n in_o all_o which_o 16_o last_v mention_v be_v draw_v in_o the_o sea-chart_n with_o red_a line_n and_o be_v by_o the_o spaniard_n call_v quarter_n of_o the_o eight_o first_o and_o principal_a wind_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o that_o principal_a wind_n which_o be_v next_o it_o together_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o the_o word_n by_o and_o the_o name_n of_o another_o principal_a wind_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o it_o as_o for_o example_n of_o the_o two_o quarter-wind_n which_o fall_v next_o the_o rumb_n of_o the_o north_n that_o which_o lie_v towards_o the_o north-east_n be_v call_v north_n and_o by_o east_n and_o that_o which_o fall_v towards_o the_o northwest_n be_v call_v north_n by_o west_n so_o likewise_o of_o those_o two_o wind_n which_o blow_n next_o the_o north-east_n that_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v call_v north-east_n and_o by_o north_n and_o that_o towards_o the_o east_n north-east_n and_o by_o east_n and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o may_v name_v all_o the_o rest_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o sea-compasse_n and_o of_o the_o horizon_n divide_v into_o 32_o wind_n by_o 16_o rumb_n but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v wind_n that_o there_o be_v difference_n between_o the_o rumb_n and_o the_o wind_n because_o a_o rumb_n be_v one_o direct_v line_n continue_v with_o two_o contrary_a wind_n as_o the_o rumb_n of_o north_n &_o south_n and_o the_o rumb_n of_o east_n and_o west_n and_o so_o when_o we_o will_v name_v the_o lie_v of_o any_o coast_n we_o will_v say_v that_o it_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n or_o north_n and_o by_o east_n and_o south_n and_o by_o west_n but_o the_o wind_n be_v one_o line_n of_o those_o 32_o into_o which_o the_o horizon_n be_v divide_v and_o it_o be_v one_o part_n of_o those_o two_o which_o together_o be_v call_v the_o rumb_n and_o so_o we_o say_v that_o land_n lie_v from_o we_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o by_o west_n or_o towards_o the_o south-south-west_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o two_o tropic_n beside_o the_o six_o circle_n abovementioned_a which_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o world_n there_o be_v other_o two_o which_o the_o sun_n describe_v with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n about_o the_o 12_o day_n of_o june_n and_o of_o december_n of_o which_o two_o circle_n that_o which_o the_o sun_n describe_v the_o 12_o of_o june_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o rise_n till_o the_o time_n that_o he_o rise_v the_o day_n follow_v be_v call_v the_o tropic_a of_o the_o summer_n sun-standing_a or_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n for_o the_o sun_n have_v depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o increase_v his_o declination_n towards_o the_o north_n when_o he_o come_v to_o describe_v that_o circle_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n it_o seem_v that_o he_o come_v no_o near_o to_o our_o zenith_n nor_o depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a one_o day_n more_o than_o another_o but_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o go_v back_o diminish_v his_o declination_n till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o cross_v the_o same_o he_o go_v on_o the_o other_o side_n increase_v his_o declination_n until_o the_o 12_o of_o december_n upon_o which_o day_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o rise_n till_o he_o be_v come_v about_o to_o rise_v again_o the_o next_o morning_n he_o describe_v another_o circle_n call_v the_o tropic_a of_o the_o winter_n sun-standing_a or_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n for_o the_o sun_n be_v depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o increase_v his_o declination_n towards_o the_o south_n when_o he_o come_v to_o describe_v that_o circle_n it_o seem_v for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n that_o he_o return_v not_o one_o whit_n towards_o the_o equinoctial_a nor_o go_v further_o from_o our_o zenith_n one_o day_n more_o than_o other_o but_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o come_v back_o again_o diminish_v his_o declination_n till_o he_o be_v return_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o from_o thence_o towards_o our_o zenith_n these_o two_o circle_n in_o sea-chart_n be_v mark_v with_o two_o great_a red_a line_n draw_v from_o east_n to_o west_n which_o lie_v on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v distant_a from_o thence_o about_o 23_o deg_n and_o a_o half_a and_o wheresoever_o our_o ship_n be_v in_o any_o place_n between_o these_o two_o circle_n or_o line_n we_o may_v in_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n take_v the_o sun_n in_o our_o zenith_n at_o which_o time_n it_o make_v no_o shadow_n at_o all_o be_v then_o just_a 90_o degr_n high_a above_o our_o horizon_n but_o they_o which_o be_v without_o the_o say_v two_o circle_n or_o line_n shall_v never_o have_v the_o sun_n in_o their_o zenith_n because_o it_o can_v come_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 90_o degr_n above_o their_o horizon_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o parallel_n the_o parallel_a circle_n be_v those_o which_o be_v in_o all_o part_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o
because_o they_o be_v equal_a this_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v know_v by_o the_o help_n of_o four_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o ballâ—stilla_n or_o crosse-staffe_n the_o position_n of_o the_o north-star_n the_o height_n of_o the_o say_a star_n and_o certain_a rule_n chap._n xi_o the_o make_n of_o the_o crossstaff_n the_o mariner_n crosse-staff_n be_v that_o which_o by_o the_o astronomer_n be_v call_v radius_fw-la astronomicus_fw-la and_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o make_v it_o be_v as_o follow_v first_o upon_o a_o very_a plain_a and_o broad_a table_n you_o may_v draw_v a_o semicircle_n which_o from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n must_v contain_v at_o the_o least_o four_o hand_n breadth_n and_o have_v draw_v through_o the_o centre_n thereof_o the_o line_n abc_n divide_v the_o circumference_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n in_o the_o point_n e_o as_o likewise_o you_o must_v divide_v the_o quadrant_a aec_fw-la in_o the_o very_a midst_n by_o the_o point_n f._n then_o must_v you_o divide_v the_o arch_n of_o into_o 90_o equal_a part_n divide_v it_o first_o into_o three_o and_o every_o of_o these_o three_o into_o other_o three_o and_o every_o of_o those_o nine_o into_o two_o and_o each_o of_o those_o two_o into_o five_o which_o you_o must_v do_v with_o much_o preciseness_n and_o care_n then_o lay_v your_o ruler_n to_o the_o point_n b_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n through_o every_o one_o those_o 90_o division_n of_o the_o half_a quadrant_a you_o must_v draw_v 90_o line_n and_o keep_v this_o quadrant_a so_o divide_v it_o will_v serve_v you_o for_o a_o pattern_n to_o make_v we_o many_o crosse-stave_n as_o you_o think_v good_a of_o what_o bigness_n soever_o you_o will_n but_o to_o make_v the_o crosse-staff_n you_o must_v take_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n of_o some_o three_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o a_o finger_n thick_a four_o square_a and_o very_o even_o and_o fit_v a_o transversary_n thereto_o which_o may_v with_o facility_n slide_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o the_o staff_n always_o right_o across_o take_v with_o your_o compass_n half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o transversary_n and_o place_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n upon_o the_o point_n b_o make_v with_o the_o other_o a_o mark_n in_o the_o line_n bc_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o point_n g_o and_o draw_v through_o the_o point_n g_o the_o line_n give_v which_o may_v run_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o line_n ebb_n final_o lay_v one_o end_n of_o the_o staff_n upon_o the_o point_n g_o let_v it_o lie_v all_o along_o just_a upon_o the_o line_n give_v and_o make_v your_o mark_n upon_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o staff_n by_o which_o you_o may_v draw_v 90_o line_n put_v the_o number_n of_o every_o line_n upon_o the_o say_a edge_n begin_n to_o place_n 90_o where_o the_o line_n be_v do_v cross_v the_o staff_n and_o from_o thence_o descend_v unto_o one_o or_o two_o which_o may_v be_v put_v down_o according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o transversary_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o north-star_n and_o the_o guard_n among_o the_o 48_o constellation_n which_o the_o astronomer_n place_n in_o the_o heaven_n the_o near_a unto_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o lesser_a bear_n and_o the_o mariner_n bozina_fw-la or_o the_o horn_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o fashion_n thereof_o which_o constellation_n consist_v of_o 7_o star_n which_o be_v place_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o of_o these_o star_n the_o three_o great_a mark_v with_o the_o letter_n abc_n do_v serve_v especial_o for_o our_o purpose_n and_o so_o a_o be_v call_v the_o north-star_n b_o the_o the_o foremost_a guard_n c_z the_o other_z guard_z behind_z and_o they_o be_v so_o call_v because_o that_o by_o force_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o movable_a heaven_n the_o star_n b_o go_v always_o before_o and_o the_o star_n c_o behind_o every_o of_o these_o three_o star_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o in_o the_o heaven_n beside_o describe_v thâ—â—_n circle_n round_o about_o the_o pole_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o or_o high_a movable_a heaven_n 〈◊〉_d which_o motion_n sometime_o the_o 〈◊〉_d star_n ab_fw-la be_v just_a of_o 〈…〉_z above_o the_o horizon_n 〈…〉_z they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v east_n and_o west_n one_o from_o another_o sometime_o they_o be_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o the_o horizon_n according_a to_o our_o sight_n and_o then_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v north_n and_o south_n and_o sometime_o also_o the_o two_o guard_n bc_n be_v east_n and_o west_n one_o from_o another_o and_o then_o the_o former_a guard_n bear_v from_o the_o north-star_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o when_o these_o two_o guard_n be_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n one_o above_o another_o the_o former_a guard_n bear_v from_o the_o north_n star_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n insomuch_o that_o from_o these_o four_o position_n do_v arise_v eight_o rule_n for_o the_o eight_o rumb_n wherein_o the_o former_a guard_n may_v stand_v be_v consider_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o north_n star_n and_o so_o presuppose_v that_o the_o north_n star_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n three_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o mariner_n who_o love_v number_n that_o have_v not_o any_o fraction_n sometime_o the_o north_n star_n shall_v be_v as_o high_a as_o the_o pole_n itself_o sometime_o three_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a low_o or_o high_a than_o the_o pole_n and_o sometime_o three_o degree_n and_o sometime_o one_o and_o a_o half_a and_o sometime_o half_a a_o degree_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n take_v with_o the_o crosse-staffe_n to_o know_v how_o much_o the_o north_n star_n be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n you_o must_v take_v the_o height_n thereof_o only_o at_o such_o time_n when_o as_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o former_a guard_n it_o be_v in_o some_o one_o of_o these_o four_o rumb_n that_o be_v to_o say_v north_n and_o south_n east_n and_o west_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o northwest_n and_o southeast_n wherefore_o see_n it_o place_v in_o any_o of_o the_o foresay_a rumb_n you_o shall_v put_v that_o end_n of_o the_o crosse-staffe_n which_o be_v next_o 90_o degree_n upon_o your_o cheekbone_n at_o the_o utter_a corner_n of_o your_o eye_n and_o hold_v it_o there_o steadfast_a you_o must_v move_v the_o transversarie_n till_o you_o see_v the_o horizon_n join_v with_o the_o low_a end_n thereof_o and_o the_o north_n star_n with_o the_o high_a end_n then_o mark_v the_o degree_n and_o part_n of_o the_o degree_n which_o the_o transuersarie_n show_v upon_o the_o staff_n for_o that_o be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o regiment_n or_o rule_n of_o the_o north_n star_n the_o first_o rule_n when_o the_o guard_n be_v in_o the_o east_n the_o former_a guard_n bear_v with_o the_o north_n star_n east_n and_o west_n and_o then_o the_o north_n star_n be_v a_o degree_n and_o half_a under_o the_o pole_n let_v we_o add_v this_o degree_n and_o half_a to_o the_o height_n which_o we_o observe_v with_o the_o crosse-staffe_n and_o the_o whole_a product_n show_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n which_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v above_o our_o horizon_n and_o so_o much_o be_v we_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o north._n the_o second_o rule_n when_o the_o guard_n be_v in_o the_o north-east_n one_o guard_n bear_v from_o another_o east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o former_a guard_n stand_v from_o the_o north_n star_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o then_o the_o north_n star_n be_v under_o the_o pole_n three_o degree_n and_o one_o half_a which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n will_v show_v you_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o three_o rule_n when_o the_o guard_n be_v at_o the_o high_a than_o the_o former_a guard_n bear_v from_o the_o north_n star_n north_n and_o south_n the_o north_n star_n be_v then_o three_o degree_n under_o the_o pole_n which_o three_o degree_n be_v add_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n do_v show_v the_o true_a height_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o four_o rule_n when_o the_o guard_n be_v in_o the_o northwest_n they_o bear_v one_o from_o another_o north_n and_o south_n and_o the_o former_a guard_n lie_v from_o the_o north_n star_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o then_o the_o north_n star_n be_v under_o the_o pole_n half_o a_o degree_n which_o half_a degree_n be_v add_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n give_v you_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o five_o rule_n when_o the_o guard_n be_v in_o the_o east_n the_o former_a guard_n lie_v from_o the_o north_n star_n east_n and_o west_n and_o then_o the_o north_n star_n be_v a_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o pole_n which_o degree_n and_o
a_o half_a be_v deduct_v out_o of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o north_n star_n the_o remainder_n be_v the_o just_a height_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o six_o rule_n when_o the_o guard_n be_v in_o the_o south-west_n one_o bear_v from_o another_o east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o former_a lie_v from_o the_o north_n star_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o then_o the_o north_n star_n be_v above_o the_o pole_n three_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a which_o three_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a be_v deduct_v out_o of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n that_o which_o remain_v shall_v be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o seven_o rule_n when_o the_o guard_n be_v at_o the_o low_a the_o former_a guard_n bear_v with_o the_o north_n star_n north_n and_o south_n and_o then_o the_o north_n star_n be_v above_o the_o pole_n three_o degree_n which_o be_v deduct_v the_o remainder_n be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o eight_o rule_n when_o the_o guard_n be_v in_o the_o southeast_n one_o bear_v from_o another_o north_n and_o south_n and_o the_o former_a bear_v from_o the_o north_n star_v northwest_o and_o southeast_n and_o the_o north_n star_n be_v above_o the_o pole_n half_o a_o degree_n which_o half_a degree_n be_v deduct_v from_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n the_o remainder_n be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o our_o horizon_n and_o just_a so_o much_o be_v we_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o north._n this_o be_v the_o account_n which_o always_o have_v be_v make_v of_o the_o north_n star_n from_o the_o time_n that_o it_o have_v have_v three_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n unto_o this_o present_a but_o because_o at_o this_o time_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o compound_n motion_n of_o the_o 8_o and_o 9_o heaven_n the_o fix_a star_n have_v notable_o vary_v from_o their_o place_n the_o pole_n star_n have_v also_o approach_v near_o the_o pole_n be_v now_o distant_a therefrom_o not_o above_o three_o degree_n and_o eight_o minute_n and_o so_o i_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o set_v down_o the_o account_n which_o ought_v now_o to_o be_v make_v thereof_o book_n according_a to_o the_o foresay_a distance_n to_o the_o end_n that_o from_o henceforth_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n take_v by_o the_o star_n may_v agree_v just_o with_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a take_v by_o the_o sun_n which_o two_o thing_n have_v hitherto_o disagree_v and_o cause_v no_o small_a confusion_n unto_o the_o pilot_n and_o some_o error_n in_o navigation_n the_o guard_n be_v in_o the_o east_n you_o shall_v add_v unto_o the_o height_n take_v by_o the_o crosse-staffe_n 1_o degree_n 20_o minute_n north-east_n 3_o degree_n 8_o minute_n north_n 2_o degree_n 41_o minute_n northwest_o 0_o degree_n 27_o minute_n in_o the_o contrary_a rumb_n to_o these_o you_o must_v deduct_v these_o degree_n from_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n which_o you_o take_v with_o your_o crosse-staffe_n and_o then_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n chap._n xv._n other_o thing_n to_o be_v note_v in_o observe_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n next_o unto_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o horn_n here_o be_v a_o star_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o spaniard_n el_fw-es guion_n signify_v before_o by_o the_o letter_n d_o which_o stand_v east_n and_o west_n from_o the_o north-star_n give_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o it_o and_o the_o north_n star_n and_o the_o very_a pole_n be_v east_n and_o west_n and_o so_o take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o north_n star_n when_o it_o be_v thus_o situate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o guion_n with_o out_o make_v any_o other_o account_n you_o have_v the_o just_a height_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a here_o follow_v the_o table_n the_o guard_n be_v in_o the_o east_n the_o three_o star_n be_v in_o the_o southeast_n the_o six_o star_n in_o the_o south_n the_o 9_o the_o star_n in_o the_o south-west_n northeast_n east_n southeast_n south_n north_n northeast_n east_n southeast_n northwest_o north_n north-east_n east_n west_n northwest_o north_n north-east_n southwest_n west_n northwest_o north_n south_n southwest_n west_n northwest_o southeast_n south_n southwest_n west_n in_o this_o table_n the_o first_o column_n serve_v for_o the_o guard_n the_o second_o for_o the_o three_o star_n the_o three_o column_n for_o the_o six_o star_n and_o the_o four_o for_o the_o nine_o star_n insomuch_o as_o if_o you_o seek_v the_o rumb_n see_v any_o of_o these_o four_o star_n in_o this_o table_n right_a against_o the_o same_o do_v answer_v those_o rumb_n where_o the_o other_o three_o be_v although_o we_o can_v see_v they_o in_o the_o heaven_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o crosier_n when_o the_o mariner_n pass_v the_o equinoctial_a line_n towards_o the_o south_n so_o that_o they_o can_v see_v the_o north-star_n they_o make_v use_v of_o another_o staâ—_n which_o be_v in_o the_o constellation_n call_v by_o the_o astronomer_n the_o centaur_n which_o star_n with_o other_o three_o notable_a star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o same_o constellation_n make_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o cross_n for_o which_o cause_n they_o call_v it_o the_o crosier_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o certain_a that_o when_o the_o star_n a_o which_o of_o all_o four_o come_v near_a to_o the_o south_n pole_n be_v north_n and_o south_n with_o the_o star_n b_o that_o than_o it_o be_v right_o situate_a to_o take_v the_o height_n by_o and_o because_o this_o star_n a_o which_o they_o call_v the_o cock_n foot_n be_v thirty_o degree_n from_o the_o south_n pole_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o if_o be_v situate_a as_o be_v aforesaid_a we_o take_v the_o height_n thereof_o which_o be_v then_o the_o great_a that_o it_o can_v have_v this_o height_n will_v true_o show_v how_o far_o we_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o if_o the_o say_a height_n be_v thirty_o degree_n than_o we_o be_v in_o the_o very_a equinoctial_a and_o if_o it_o be_v more_o than_o thirty_o degree_n then_o be_v we_o by_o so_o much_o past_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o south_n and_o if_o it_o be_v less_o than_o 30_o degree_n so_o much_o as_o it_o want_v be_v we_o to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o guard_n be_v in_o the_o north-east_n then_o be_v the_o star_n in_o the_o crosier_n fit_o situate_a for_o observation_n because_o than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o sea-compass_n the_o sea-compass_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o necessary_a instrument_n which_o be_v use_v in_o navigation_n for_o day_n and_o night_n in_o clear_a and_o dark_a weather_n it_o show_v always_o the_o right_a way_n through_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v meet_v that_o this_o instrument_n be_v make_v with_o much_o care_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v be_v most_o certain_a and_o true_a and_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v it_o be_v that_o upon_o a_o piece_n of_o pasteboard_n you_o draw_v a_o circle_n so_o big_a as_o you_o will_v have_v your_o compass_n to_o be_v which_o be_v divide_v into_o 32_o equal_a part_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o wind_n with_o sixteen_o line_n cross_v one_o another_o in_o the_o centre_n than_o you_o shall_v adorn_v the_o eight_o principal_a wind_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n follow_v end_v in_o the_o north_n with_o a_o flower_n deluis_fw-la and_o you_o shall_v paint_v the_o north_n and_o south_n and_o east_n and_o west_n with_o blue_a and_o the_o north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o the_o northwest_n and_o southeast_n with_o red_a and_o then_o take_v two_o steel_n wire_n which_o be_v to_o be_v place_v like_o the_o head_n of_o a_o lance_n you_o must_v fasten_v they_o on_o the_o back_n side_n of_o the_o say_a circle_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o one_o meet_v of_o the_o point_n of_o those_o steel_n wire_n be_v right_a under_o the_o north_n allow_v half_o a_o point_n towards_o the_o north-east_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o north-easting_a of_o the_o needle_n at_o sevil_n and_o the_o other_o meet_v at_o the_o opposite_a point_n which_o be_v south_n and_o half_a a_o point_n towards_o the_o south-west_n and_o touch_v or_o rub_v those_o two_o point_n of_o the_o wire_n with_o the_o end_n of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o look_v to_o the_o north_n and_o to_o the_o south_n to_o wit_n the_o north_n point_v of_o the_o wire_n with_o the_o south_n of_o the_o stone_n &_o the_o south_n point_n of_o the_o wire_n with_o the_o north_n of_o the_o stone_n this_o be_v do_v you_o must_v place_n upon_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o say_a circle_n a_o capitel_a which_o must_v be_v very_o well_o bore_v in_o from_o off_o a_o round_a pyramid_n to_o the_o end_n
draw_v a_o line_n equal_a to_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o chart_n as_o for_o example_n the_o line_n cd_o at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o particular_a chart_n for_o the_o azore_n from_o the_o south_n end_v hereof_o draw_v another_o line_n something_o long_o make_v a_o angle_n therewith_o of_o some_o 20_o or_o 30_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o as_o the_o line_n ce_fw-fr and_o have_v find_v out_o as_o before_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n the_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n answerable_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o least_o and_o great_a latitude_n as_o the_o number_n of_o 1368_o divide_v this_o line_n ce_fw-fr into_o some_o compound_a number_n of_o part_n that_o may_v be_v divide_v by_o small_a divisor_n that_o compound_a number_n exceed_v the_o number_n of_o those_o equal_a part_n so_o little_a as_o convenient_o may_v be_v as_o into_o 1400._o in_o this_o line_n begin_v from_o the_o angle_n at_o c_o tell_v out_o the_o say_a number_n of_o equal_a part_n 1368_o from_o thence_o draw_v the_o base_a of_o that_o angle_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o line_n as_o the_o line_n f_o d_o for_o parallel_n to_o this_o base_a draw_v by_o the_o division_n of_o the_o second_o line_n ce_fw-fr shall_v divide_v the_o first_o line_n cd_o that_o measure_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o chart_n into_o the_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n answerable_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o least_o and_o great_a latitude_n in_o the_o chart._n but_o because_o the_o draw_n of_o so_o many_o parallel_n will_v not_o only_o be_v troublesome_a and_o tedious_a but_o may_v also_o something_o deface_v the_o chart_n it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o draw_v parallel_n by_o some_o few_o principal_a compound_n number_n of_o part_n in_o the_o second_o line_n as_o by_o every_o 100_o or_o 1000_o etc._n etc._n to_o sub-divide_a with_o the_o compass_n the_o segment_n of_o the_o first_o line_n contain_v between_o those_o parallel_n as_o in_o this_o particular_a chart_n you_o may_v see_v thus_o have_v divide_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o chart_n into_o the_o number_n of_o part_n require_v and_o beginning_n at_o c_o the_o south_n end_v thereof_o to_o tell_v 2330_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n answerable_a to_o the_o least_o latitude_n purpose_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o chart_n tell_v on_o northwards_o till_o you_o come_v to_o make_v up_o a_o even_o hundred_o as_o till_o you_o come_v to_o 2400_o and_o there_o begin_v to_o set_v figure_n show_v the_o number_n of_o the_o part_n and_o so_o proceed_v set_v figure_n to_o every_o hundred_o part_n and_o finish_v the_o graduation_n of_o the_o meridian_n or_o division_n thereof_o into_o his_o unequal_a part_n in_o due_a proportion_n as_o before_o you_o be_v direct_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n chap._n vii_o the_o use_n of_o the_o three_o column_n of_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n the_o three_o column_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o table_n of_o secant_v in_o such_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a sine_fw-la or_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o circle_n be_v suppose_v to_o contain_v 10,000_o may_v serve_v for_o all_o such_o purpose_n for_o which_o the_o table_n of_o secans_fw-la may_v be_v use_v moreover_o as_o it_o serve_v for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o second_o column_n of_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n as_o before_o be_v show_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n page_n 11_o and_o 12_o so_o may_v it_o be_v of_o needful_a use_n for_o the_o more_o easy_a examination_n and_o correction_n thereof_o if_o any_o error_n have_v be_v commit_v therein_o hereby_o also_o may_v be_v know_v very_o exact_o the_o proportion_n of_o any_o parallel_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o what_o proportion_n the_o difference_n answerable_a to_o any_o degree_n and_o minute_n in_o this_o table_n have_v to_o 10000_o the_o same_o proportion_n have_v the_o equinoctial_a to_o the_o parallel_n answer_v to_o that_o degree_n and_o minute_n the_o difference_n answerable_a to_o any_o degree_n and_o minute_n be_v that_o which_o be_v place_v next_o above_o the_o line_n of_o the_o same_o minute_n and_o consequent_o because_o the_o like_a part_n of_o circle_n be_v proportional_a to_o their_o whole_n you_o may_v hereby_o very_o easy_o and_o true_o find_v out_o how_o many_o league_n any_o arch_n of_o any_o parallel_n contain_v for_o as_o the_o difference_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o parallel_n be_v to_o 10,000_o so_o be_v the_o minute_n contain_v in_o that_o arch_n to_o the_o mile_n thereof_o which_o divide_v by_o 3_o give_v the_o league_n as_o for_o example_n if_o you_o will_v know_v how_o many_o league_n make_v a_o degree_n in_o the_o parallel_n of_o london_n who_o latitude_n be_v 51_o degree_n 32_o minute_n as_o 16,075_o the_o difference_n answer_v to_o that_o latitude_n page_n 26_o be_v to_o 10,000_o so_o be_v 20_o the_o number_n of_o league_n contain_v in_o one_o degree_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o 12_o 294_o â—43_n the_o number_n of_o league_n make_v one_o degree_n in_o the_o parallel_n of_o london_n thus_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n in_o any_o parallel_n be_v give_v in_o degree_n may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v into_o league_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o the_o league_n contain_v in_o one_o degree_n but_o it_o may_v be_v do_v easy_a by_o multiply_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n reduce_v into_o minute_n by_o 10,000_o and_o divide_v the_o product_n by_o the_o difference_n of_o equal_a part_n in_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o parallel_n wherein_o that_o difference_n of_o longitude_n be_v take_v for_o then_o the_o quotient_n show_v the_o mile_n in_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o 3_o you_o have_v the_o league_n as_o for_o example_n admit_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n between_o the_o lizard_n and_o fayal_n be_v 22_o degree_n 52_o minute_n that_o be_v 1372_o minute_n which_o multiply_v by_o 10,000_o make_v 13,720,000_o and_o this_o divide_a by_o 12,898_o which_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o equal_a part_n answerable_a to_o 39_o degree_n 10_o minute_n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o north-east_n corner_n of_o fayal_n island_n shall_v give_v you_o 1064_o mile_n almost_o that_o be_v 354_o â…”_n league_n the_o difference_n of_o their_o longitude_n count_v in_o the_o parallel_n of_o fayal_n moreover_o by_o the_o difference_n set_v down_o in_o the_o three_o column_n may_v easy_o be_v find_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o any_o arch_n of_o the_o quadrant_a for_o as_o the_o difference_n answerable_a to_o any_o arch_n or_o number_n of_o degree_n and_o minute_n in_o this_o table_n be_v to_o 10,000_o so_o be_v 10,000_o to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o same_o arch_n the_o demonstration_n hereof_o may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v out_o of_o the_o diagramme_n set_v down_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n page_n 11_o wherein_o ik_a to_o fk_v and_o ak_v to_o gk_v that_o be_v ae_z have_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o proportion_n and_o therefore_o it_o shall_v here_o be_v needless_a any_o further_a to_o insist_v hereupon_o chap._n viii_o how_o to_o describe_v the_o rumbe_n mechanical_o in_o any_o sea-chart_n globe_n or_o map_n of_o what_o form_n soever_o now_o because_o the_o nautical_a planisphaere_n as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o plain_a parallellogramme_n superficies_n make_v by_o extension_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n inscribe_v into_o a_o concave_n cylinder_n wherein_o the_o tumbe_n make_v equal_a angle_n with_o very_a meridian_n therefore_o in_o this_o nautical_a planisphaere_n if_o a_o circle_n be_v draw_v and_o divide_v into_o 32_o equal_a part_n begin_v at_o the_o meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o that_o circle_n right_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n by_o those_o division_n shall_v be_v the_o rumbe_n or_o line_n which_o the_o ship_n describe_v in_o sail_v upon_o those_o point_n because_o they_o make_v equal_a angle_n with_o every_o meridian_n of_o the_o nautical_a planisphaere_n those_o meridian_n be_v every_o where_o equidistant_a one_o from_o another_o example_n hereof_o you_o have_v in_o the_o former_a figure_n and_o in_o the_o charts_n adjoin_v hereunto_o by_o help_v of_o this_o planisphaere_n with_o the_o meridian_n rumbe_n and_o parallel_n thus_o describe_v therein_o the_o rumbe_n may_v much_o more_o easy_o and_o true_o be_v draw_v in_o the_o globe_n then_o by_o those_o mechanical_a way_n which_o petrus_n nonius_n teach_v cap._n 26._o lib_n 2._o the_o obser_n reg._n &_o instr._n geom._n hereby_o also_o they_o may_v with_o no_o less_o facility_n be_v inscribe_v into_o any_o other_o chart_n or_o map_n of_o what_o form_n or_o projection_n soever_o if_o it_o be_v first_o divide_v by_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n into_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n for_o by_o what_o point_v of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n in_o this_o planisphaere_n the_o rumbe_n be_v describe_v by_o the_o same_o point_n must_v