Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	east_n	point_n	west_n	1,970	5	9.4719	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44885	A learned treatise of globes, both cœlestiall and terrestriall with their several uses / written first in Latine, by Mr. Robert Hues, and by him so published ; afterward illustrated with notes by Jo. Isa. Pontanus ; and now lastly made English ... by John Chilmead ...; Tractatus de globis et eorum usu. English	Hues, Robert, 1553-1632.; Chilmead, Edmund, 1610-1654.; Pontanus, Johannes Isacius, 1571-1639.; Molyneux, Emery.	1659 (1659)	Wing H3298; ESTC R1097	145,949	311

it decreaseth till you are past the Cape of good hope where they will have it to lye in the just situation of the true Meridian neare to a certain river which for this cause is called by the Portugalls Rio de las Agulias And all this deviation is towad the East All this wee have had certain proofe and experience of and that by as accurate observations as those instruments which are used in Navigation would afford and the same examined and caculated according to the doctrine of Sphaericall Triangles So that we have just cause to suspect the truth of many of these traditions which are commonly delivered concerning the deflection of the Needle And namely whereas they report that under that Meridian which passeth through the Azores it exactly respects the true Meridian and that about the Sea coasts of Brasilia the North point of the Needle declineth toward the West as some affirm wee have found this to be false And whereas they report that at New-found land it declineth toward the West above 22 degrees we very much suspect the truth hereof because that this seems not at all to agree with the observatiō we have made concerning the variation about 11. degrees near upon the coasts of America of the truth of which I am so confident as of nothing more It therefore appeares to be an idle fancy of theirs who look to find some certai● point which the Needle should alwayes respect and that either on the earth as namely some certain Magneticall mountains not far distant from the Arcticke Pole or else in the Heavens as namely the tail of the little Bear as Cardan thought or else that it is situate in that very Meridian that passeth through the Azores and about sixteene degrees and an halfe beyond the North Pole as Mercator would have it And therefore there it no heed to be taken to them neither who conceive that there might be some certain way found out of calculating the longitudes of places by means of this deflection of the Needle which I could wish they were able to performe and indeed it might bee done were there any certaine point that it should alwayes respect But to leave this discourse let us now see how the quantity of this declination of the Needle may bee found out by the use of the Globe for any place of known latitude And first you must provide you of some instrument by which you may observe the distance of the Suns Azimuth from the situation of a Needle Our Mariners commonly use a Nautical Compasse which is divided into three hundred sixtie degrees having a thread placed crosse-wise over the center of the Instrument to cast the shadows of the Sun upon the center of the same This Instrument is called by our Mariners the Compasse of variation and this seemeth to bee a very convenient Instrument for the same use But yet I could wish that it were made with some more care and accuratenesse then commonly it is With this or the like instrument you must observe the distance of the Suns Azimuth for any time or place from the projection of the Magnetical Needle Now we have before shewed how to find out how much the verticall circle of the Sun is distant from the Meridian And the difference that there is betwixt the distance of the Sun from the true Meridian and from the situation of the Needle is the variation of the Compasse Besides we have already shewed how the Amplitude of the rising and setting of the Sun may be found If therefore by the help of this or the like instrument it be observed as we have said how many degrees the Sun riseth or setteth from those points in the Compass that answer to the East or West you shal in like manner have the deviation of the Needle from the true Meridian if it have any at all PONT At the end of this Chapter I think it not amisse to set down that which Joseph Scaliger sometime upon occasion offered wrote unto David Rivaldus concerning the declination of the Magneticall Needle from the true Meridian This Epistle of his is extant among those Epistles that were set forth at Paris with some other of his workes Anno 1610. Aad because that there is something in the same that concerns the controversie of the Praecession of the AEquinoctiall points I will set down very near the whole Epistle and thus it is Literas tuas cum maxima voluptate c. Your Letters I have receceived and with very great satisfaction and delight wherein I perceived two things chiefely to bee insisted upon which were the Declination of the Magneticall Needle and the Precession of the AEquinoctiall points In my former Letters I made mention indeed of the same but with an intention rather to discover the opinion of others then to proclaim mine own For I onely made a bare proposall of the matter and no dogmaticall Position that so i●… the said declination bee to bee examined by the Meridians add the Meridians according to my Hypothesis be moveable that then our Astronomers and Navigators should see whether or no there might not some cause and reason of this so manifest disagreement bee discovered out of this Essay of mine For I would not have proposed it onely had I been certainly assured of it but would rather have endeavoured to make it appear by demonstration Whether therefore that be the cause of it which I desire should be searched for out of my Hypothesis or whether it be some other it shall be all one to me But the investigation of the Meridians is not sufficient for this matter For wee must first dispute concerning the nature of the Magnet whether or no it be the property of it always to respect the North point and if so yet seeing that it declines from the tearm proposed so many degrees we are next to enquire whence this Uariation proceeds which certainly can be assigned to no other thing then to the Meridians But that wee may not urge this question any farther we must consult with those Authors that have written of the Magnet and especially with William Gilbert of Colchester a Philosopher and Practitioner of Physick in London who about three yeares since put forth three large bookes of the same subject wherein hee hath discovered to me his own learning rather then the nature of the Magnet For now I am more in doubt then before The other part of your Letter is concerning the Praecession of the AEquinoctiall points It was observed first of all by Hypparchus out of the observations of the fixed Starres of Aristarchus Saminus Conon and Timocharcis that the AEquinoctiall points were gone gone forward into the precedent parts because that hee had found that the four points AEquinoctiall and Solsticiall were farther off from the Starres assigned for the same then they were in the time of those Astronomers Which when hee saw bee doubted not forthwith to affirme that the AEquinostiall points were immoveable

yeare 1598. upon the eleventh day of February at foure of the Clock and sixteen minutes in the morning and that at Regiomont a City in Borussia whose longitude or distance from the Canary Islands is 41. gr 16. m. For this Longitude where these Tables calculated Now I set my self to observe this same Eclipse at Marpurg and find it to happen at three of the Clock and twelve minutes on the same day of February Now because the number of hours here is lesse it appeares that Marpurg is more Westward then Regiomont Therefore I take away a lesse number from the greater that is 3. h. 12. m. from 4. h. 16. m. and the remainder is 1 h. 4. minutes which sheweth the difference of longitude in hours which makes up sixteen degrees Therefore I again substract these degrees of difference from the longitude of Regiomont as being more Eastward then Marpurge and so I find the Latitude of Marpurge from the Canary Island to be 25. gr 16. minutes CHAP II. How to find the Latitude of any place THe latitude of a place is the distance of the Zenith or the verticall point thereof from the AEquator Now if you desire to find out the latitude of any place expressed in the Globe you must apply the same to the Meridian and reckon the number of the degrees that it is distant from the AEquator For so much is the Latitude of that place And this also you may observe that the Latitude of every place is alwayes equall to the elevation of the same place For look how many degrees the verticall point of any place is distant from the AEquator just so many is the Pole elevated above the Horizon as you may prove by the Globe if you so order it as that the Zenith of the place be 90. degrees distant every way from the Horizon PONT Seeing that the Latitude of every place is alwayes equall to the elevation of the Pole It will not be amisse to shew how the elevation of the Pole or the Latitude of any region may be found out by the observing of the same fixed Star in the Heavens which is so neare the Pole a●… that it never sets in that region which to doe you must work thus You must observe both the least and also the greatest altitude of the sad Star both which must necessarily happen in the Meridian the least whereof will be beneath the Pole and the greatest above it Which done you must adde the least altitude of it to the greatest and so the halfe of the degrees thus numbered together will bee the latitude of the Pole and latitude of that plaee An example whereof may be this The first Star of the three in the taile of the great Beare is in his least altitude observed at London to be about 11. gr and the greatest altitude of the same when it is above the Pole is found to be neare upon 92. degrees Both which numbers being added together do make up 103. halfe of which Summ namely 51⅓ is the true elevation ond Latitude of London CHAP. III. How to find the distance of two places and angle of position or situation IF you set your Globe in such sort as that the Zenith of one of the places bee 90. gr distant every way from the Horizon and then fasten the Quadrant of Altitude to the Verticall point and so move it up and down untill it passe through the Vertex of the other place the number of degres intercepted in the Quadrant betwixt the two places being resolved into furlongs miles or leagues as you please will shew the true distance of the places assigned And the other end of the Quadrant that toucheth upon the Horizon will shew on what wind or quarter of the World the one place is in respect of the other and what Angle of Position as they call it it hath For the Angle of Position is that which is comprehended betwixt the Meridian of any place and a greater circle passing through the Zeniths of any two places assigned and the quantity of it is to be numbred in the Horizon As for example The Longitude of London is twenty six degrees and it hath in Northern latitude 51. degrees and an halfe Now if it be demanded what distance and angle of position it beareth to Saint Michaels Island which is one of the Azores we must proceed thus to find it First let the Northern Pole be elevated 51½ degrees which is the latitude of London Then fastening the Quadrant of Altitude to the Zenith of it that is to say fifty one degrees and an halfe Northward from the AEquator wee must turne it about till it passe through Saint Michaels Island and wee shall find the distance intercepted betwixt these two places to be 11. gr 40. m. or thereabout which is 280 of our leagues And if we observe in what part of the Horizon the end of the Quadrant 〈◊〉 we shal find the Angle of Position ●…o sall neare upon 50. gr betwixt south-Southwest and by-west And this is the situation of this 〈◊〉 in respect of London PONT The 〈◊〉 of places ●…ring only in latitude may bee found after this manner First you must substract the lesser Latitude from the greater resolving a degree in minutes if the substraction cannot be done otherwise conveniently Then multiply the degrees by 15. and divide the minutes by 4. and the summ produced will be the distance of those two places in common Germane miles one whereof containeth foure of our English miles As for example Basile in Germany and Geneva have both the same longitude but differ in Latitude which at Basile is 47. gr 30. m. and at Geneva 45. gr 45. m. Therefore substracting the lesser from the greater the remainder will bee 1. gr 45. m. which being reduced into Germane miles will amount to 26. and a quarter or a mile which is the distance of these two places assigned Now if the place proposed bee in diverse Hemispheres then the degrees and minutes of Latitude must first be added together and so the whole resolved into miles as formerly hath been said As for example The Cape of good hope in Africa and Constantinople are almost situate under the same meridian but in diverse Hemisphaeres Now the elevation of the Pole Articke at Constantinople is 43. gr or thereabout and at the Cape of good hope the Antarctick Pole is elovated aboue 35. gr the whole summ therefore is 73. degrees that is to say 1170. Germane miles The distance of places differing onely in longitude is found thus First substract the lesse number from the greater then look in the Table here under written how many miles answere to a degree 〈◊〉 every Parallel seeking for the degree of Latitude in the first columne descending and the number of miles over against it Then lastly let the difference of longitude be multiplyed into miles and minutes and you have your desire As for example Naples and Ilium or Troy are in