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A41559 Geography anatomiz'd, or, The compleat geographical grammar being a short and exact analysis of the whole body of modern geography after a new and curious method / collected from the best authors and illustrated with divers maps by Pat. Gordon ... Gordon, Patrick, fl. 1700. 1699 (1699) Wing G1288; ESTC R15742 267,427 492

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where the reckoning ends for that is the place of the Antaeci The given Place continuing under the brazen Meridian set the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon and turning the Globe about till the same Point at Midnight or the lower 12. the place which then comes to the Meridian having the same Latitude with the former is that of the Perioeci As for the Antipodes of the given Place reckon from the said place upon the brazen Meridian 180 Degrees either South or North or as many Degrees beyond the farthest Pole as you are to the nearest and observe exactly where the reckoning ends for that is the place desir'd Prob. 10. To know what a Clock it is by the Globe in any place of the World and at any time providing you know the Hour of the Day where you are at the same time Bring the place in which you are to the brazen Meridian the Pole being raised according to the Latitude thereof and set the Index of the Horary Circle at the Hour of the Day at that time Then bring the desired Place to the brazen Meridian and the Index will point out the present Hour at that place where ever it is Prob. 11. To know by the Globe when the Great Mogul of India and Czar of Moscovia sit down to Dinner This being only to know when its Noon at Agra and Moscow the Imperial Seats of those Mighty Monarchs which we may very easily do at what time soever it be or wheresoever we are For finding by the foregoing Problem the present Hour of the Day in the Cities above-mention'd supposing withal that Mid-day in the aforesaid Cities is Dining-time we may readily determine how near it is to the time desir'd Prob. 12. To find the Hour of the Day by the Globe at any time when the Sun shines Divide your Ecliptick Line in Twenty four equal Parts and in small Figures set down the Hours of the Natural Day after the following manner At the Intersections of the Ecliptick and Equator place the Figure 6 and bring both those Figures to the brazen Meridian one being in the upper and the other in the lower Hemisphere Which done place the twelve Figures in the Western Hemisphere in this order following 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6. Beginning then at the same Figure of 6 and proceeding Eastward set down the other twelve Figures thus 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 6. The Equinoctial being thus divided and mark'd elevate the Globe according to the Latitude of the place where you are and bring the Intersection of the Vernal Equinox to the upper Part of the brazen Meridian and situating the Globe duly South and North observe exactly that half of the Globe upon which the Sun doth actually shine for the last part of the enlightned Hemisphere doth always shew the Hour of the Day upon the Equinoctial Line Prob. 13. The Latitude of the Place and Height of the Sun being given at any time to find thereby the Hour of the Day The Globe being rectifi'd according to the Latitude of the given Place and the Height of the Sun at that time being found by an exact Quadrant mark his place in the Ecliptick for the given Day and bring the same to the brazen Meridian After this fix the Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith and mark in the said Quadrant the particular Degree of the Sun's Altitude and placing the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon move the Globe together with the Quadrant of Altitude till the Sun's place markt in the Ecliptick and his Degree of Altitude markt upon the said Quadrant do come both in one Which done observe what Hour the Index doth point at for that is the Hour desir'd Prob. 14. The Latitude of the Place being given as also the true bearing of the Sun in the said Place at any time to find thereby the Hour of the Day The Globe being rectifi'd and the Sun's Place markt in the Ecliptick fix the Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith and by the Mariners Compass observe the true bearing of the Sun then bring the Quadrant of Altitude to the observed Point of the Compass upon the wooden Horizon and move the Globe till the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick coincide with the said Quadrant Which done and the Globe continuing in that Position the Index of the Horary Circle will point at the Hour of the Day at the time desir'd Prob. 15. The Latitude of the Place and Sun 's Place in the Ecliptick being given to find thereby the Hour of the Day Elevate the Pole according to the given Latitude and situate the Globe duly South and North by the Mariners Compass then fix a small Needle perpendicularly in the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick and bringing the same to the brazen Meridian set the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon Which done turn the Globe till the Needle cast no Shadow at all and then observe the Index for it will then point at the true Hour of the Day Prob. 16. Any Place being given to move the Globe so as that the wooden Horizon shall be the Horizon of the same Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian and reckon from it upon the said Meridian the number of 90 Degrees towards either of the Poles and where the reckoning ends place that part of the Meridian in the Notch of the wooden Horizon and it will prove the Horizon of the given Place Prob. 17. To find the Meridian-Line by the Globe in any place and at any time of the Day The Latitude of the Place being known and the Globe elevated accordingly observe the height of the Sun above the Horizon at that time and draw upon a true Plain a streight Line in or Parallel to the Shadow of a Stile perpendicularly erected upon that Plain In which describe a Circle at any opening of the Compasses and find the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick and mark his observed height in the Quadrant of Altitude Then move the Globe together with the said Quadrant till that Mark in the Quadrant and the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick come both in one which done count upon the wooden Horizon the number of Degrees between the Quadrant of Altitude and the brazen Meridian and set off the same number of Degrees upon the aforesaid Circle drawn upon the Plain by making a visible Point in the Circumference where the reckoning ends beginning still at the side towards the Sun and proceeding East or West according to the time of the Day Then draw a Line from that Point in the Circumference through the Center of the said Circle and the same will prove the true Meridian-Line of that Place at what time soever the Observation is made Prob. 18. A Place being given in the Torrid Zone to find those Days in which the Sun shall be vertical to the same Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian and
Nueva Inglaterra by the French Nouvelle Angleterre by the Germans Neu Engeland and by the English New England so call'd by the Discoverers after the Name of their own Country Notwithstanding this Country is of a Situation considerably more Southern than Old England yet the Air of both is much the same the Heat thereof being allay'd by cooling Breezes which frequently happen The opposite Place of the Globe to New England is that part of the vast Atlantick Ocean lying between 120 and 130 Degrees of Longitude with 41 and 45 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country is in most Parts very fertil producing in great plenty most sorts of English Grain Fruits and Roots besides Indian Corn. It 's very well stockt with Fish and Fowl as also variety of tame and wild Beasts In short 't is not only furnisht with the Necessaries but likeways many of the Comforts of Human Life and the Colony now upward of an hundred thousand doth flourish daily more and more The length of the Days and Nights in New England is much the same as in the Northern Provinces of Spain they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Country are Fish Grain Masts for Ships Deal-boards Iron Tar Bever Mouse-Skins Furs c. And 't is observable of those in New England that they have Annually for some Years imported and exported to and from Old England as many Commodities in value as they carri'd out at first In several Parts of New England grows a certain Fruit term'd the Butter-Nut so call'd from the Nature of its Kernel which yields a kind of sweet Oyl that hath the exact taste of ordinary Butter 2 In Baker's Cave about fifty Leagues East from Boston is found the Scarlet Muscle whose purple Vein being prickt with a Needle yields a Juice of a pure Purple-colour which gives so deep a Dye that no Water is able to wash it our 3 About eighty Miles north-North-East of Scarb●row is a Ridge of Mountains in length about an hundred Leagues and known commonly by the Name of the White Mountains because their Tops are cover'd with Snow all the Year round Upon the highest of these Mountains is a large Plain and at the farthest end of it a natural Rocky Pyramide vulgarly call'd the Sugar-Loaf to the uppermost part of which one may easily ascend by a continued Set of 〈…〉 Steps winding about the R●●ky Mount up to its very Top where is another Plain of about an Acre of Ground and in the middle of it a deep Pond of clear Water 4. Upon the Sea-side near N●w-Haven is a large Bed of Sand of a perfect black Colour with many Grains of Red and White intermixt 5. Upon the Coast of New England is sometimes taken that remarkable Fish which the English Inhabitants call by the Name of the Monk-Fish because he hath as 't were a Hood much of the same fashion with a Fryer's Cowl 6. In divers Parts on the Coast of this Country is found the Stella Marina Arborescens or Branched Star-Fish A rare kind of which taken in the Bay of Mastachuset is to be seen in Gresham Colledge and describ'd in the Philos Trans N. 57. under the Name of Piscis Echionostellaris Visciformis 7. Of many rare Birds in New England the most remarkable are the Troculus and That call'd the Humming-Bird The former of these being about the bigness of a Swallow is observable for three things First Having very short Legs and hardly able to support himself Nature hath provided him with sharp pointed Feathers in his Wings by darting of which into the Wall of a House he sticks fast and rests securely Secondly The manner of his Nest which he useth to build as Swallows in the Tops of Chimneys but of such a fashion that it hangs down about a Yard long Lastly Such Birds are remarkable for their Ceremony at departing it being always observ'd That when they remove they never fail to leave one of their Young behind in the room where they have nested making thereby as 't were a grateful acknowledgment to the Landlord for their Summers Lodging As for the Humming-Bird he is observable for being the least of all Birds The manner of his Nest resembles a Bottom of soft Silk and the Egg in which he 's hatcht is not larger than a white Pease of an ordinary size But of him elsewhere For these and some other such Remarkables Vid. that small Treatise entituled New England's Rarities per J. Josselyn Gent. Archbishopricks and Bishopricks None As for Universities here are two Colledges erected at New Cambridge which in Conjuction with other such Nurseries of Learning hereafter establish'd may we hope deserve that Title in process of time The English here residing are much the same with those in Old England As to the Natives they are generally characterized thus viz. a People that 's Crafty Timerous as also barbarously Cruel and Revengeful when they find opportunity But some of 'em are of a much milder Temper being likeways very Ingenious and quick of Apprehension Their Number especially within the English Territories is mightily diminish'd the greatest part of 'em being swept away by the Small-Pox about the first Settlement of the English others by Tumults among themselves and most of the rest by the late treacherous Wars with the English The English Inhabitants of this Country use their own Language As to that of the Natives it 's divided into a great many Dialects and reckon'd very difficult to be learn'd by Strangers the generality of its Words being extreamly long and of an inarticulate Pronounciation The Natives of this Country are divided into many Bodies and are subject unto their Sachams and Sagamores who exercise an absolute Jurisdiction over them the Will of their respective Governors being all the Law they pretend to The English here residing are govern'd by their own Laws and have several Courts of Judicatory erected for hearing and determining of Causes both Civil and Criminal as also for making and repealing of Laws that concern the Plantation The Management of Publick Affairs is in the Hands of a certain number of Magistrates and Assistants determin'd by their Patent and out of these do the People annually chuse a Governor and Deputy Governor The English here residing are Professors of the Protestant Religion in general but greatly divided as too common elsewhere into different Parties The Natives continue Pagan except those few acquainted with the Principles of Christianity by a late Serious Divine Mr. John Eliot who by Translating the Holy Bible and several Books of Devotion into a certain Dialect of the Indian Tongue and by frequently preaching among them in their own Language laid some Foundation for a more general Conversion Did such a generous Spirit possess the Minds of Christian Benefactors as to extend their Charity that way than which none can be more extensive or to mortify some part of