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end_n east_n point_n west_n 1,970 5 9.4719 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A19376 The arte of nauigation conteyning a compendious description of the sphere, with the making of certayne instruments and rules for nauigations, and exemplifyed by many demonstrations. Written by Martin Cortes Spanyarde. Englished out of Spanishe by Richard Eden, and now newly corrected and amended in diuers places.; Breve compendio de la sphera y de la arte de navegar. English Cortés, Martín, 1532-1589.; Eden, Richard, 1521?-1576. 1589 (1589) STC 5802; ESTC S111167 116,085 174

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the_o meridian_n circle_n the_o meridian_n circle_v be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n imagine_v to_o traverse_v the_o sphere_n by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n cut_v the_o same_o in_o two_o equal_a part_n by_o the_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n it_o be_v call_v meridian_n for_o this_o effect_n that_o wheresoever_o a_o man_n become_v and_o at_o what_o soever_o time_n of_o the_o year_n when_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o move_a of_o the_o first_o mooveable_a shall_v come_v to_o his_o meridian_n noon_n to_o he_o shall_v it_o be_v high_a noon_n at_o mydday_n and_o be_v therefore_o als●_n call_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o mydday_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o meridian_n meridian_n or_o meridian_n line_n as_o be_v difference_n or_o habitation_n by_o longitude_n so_o that_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o east_n have_v other_o meridian_n then_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o west_n so_o that_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o ark_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a between_o the_o meridian_n of_o one_o city_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o other_o be_v call_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o and_o from_o one_o city_n to_o another_o as_o we_o will_v further_o declare_v hereafter_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n the_o horizon_n after_o the_o astronomer_n be_v a_o circle_n which_o devyde_v that_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o we_o do_v see_v from_o the_o other_o part_n which_o we_o see_v not_o so_o that_o the_o say_a horizon_n devide_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a half_n horizon_n call_v hemisphere_n the_o half_n which_o we_o do_v see_v be_v call_v the_o hemisphere_n superior_a and_o it_o which_o we_o see_v not_o be_v call_v the_o hemisphere_n inferior_a horizon_n this_o horizon_n change_v to_o they_o that_o move_v for_o as_o one_o do_v move_v his_o horizon_n do_v change_v and_o hereof_o it_o come_v that_o how_o many_o place_n be_v upon_o the_o earth_n orison_n and_o the_o circumference_n thereof_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o shall_v be_v so_o many_o orison_n the_o astronomer_n suppose_v the_o horizon_n after_o two_o manner_n of_o sort_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o right_a horizon_n and_o a_o oblique_a or_o crooked_a horizon_n the_o right_a horizon_n be_v to_o they_o who_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n be_v direct_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o this_o right_a horizon_n pass_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o devide_v the_o equinoctial_a in_o right_a spherical_a angle_n horizon_n the_o other_o oblique_a or_o declined_a horizon_n have_v they_o unto_o who_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n do_v rise_v above_o their_o horizon_n this_o horizon_n be_v also_o call_v oblique_a because_o it_o devide_v the_o equinoctial_a in_o unequal_a and_o oblique_a or_o crooked_a angle_n also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v call_v zenith_n or_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o heaven_n perpendiculerlye_o or_o direct_o over_o our_o head_n whereby_o be_v infer_v that_o as_o much_o as_o be_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n above_o the_o horizon_n so_o much_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o zenith_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a equinoctial_a for_o the_o zenith_n by_o all_o his_o part_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o horizon_n by_o ni●ntie_n deg●eés_v and_o all_o other_o impediment_n exclude_v we_o may_v ever_o see_v half_a the_o heaven_n and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o any_o shall_v pass_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o one_o pole_n or_o the_o other_o so_o much_o fall_v the_o horizon_n under_o or_o beneath_o the_o pole_n towards_o the_o course_n he_o intend_v and_o likewise_o as_o much_o shall_v it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o contrary_a pole_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o a_o demonstration_n in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o chapter_n meridian_n this_o horizon_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o meridian_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o east_n and_o west_n part_n of_o the_o say_a horizon_n the_o e●st_a part_n be_v where_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n begin_v to_o arise_v to_o we_o and_o appear_v in_o our_o sight_n the_o west_n part_n be_v where_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n do_v set_v and_o begin_v to_o be_v hide_v out_o of_o our_o sight_n under_o the_o say_a horizon_n moreover_o it_o be_v to_o beé_v understand_v that_o there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o true_a east_n and_o west_n w●st_n or_o the_o untrue_a the_o true_a east_n be_v the_o point_n in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o horizon_n where_o it_o do_v cut_v with_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a than_o he_o rise_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o true_a east_n and_o likewise_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o true_a west_n to_o be_v in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o horizon_n where_o the_o equinoctial_a do_v cut_v with_o the_o say_a horizon_n the_o untrue_a east_n and_o west_n be_v variable_a accord_v as_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v daily_o in_o divers_a point_n of_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o true_a east_n and_o w●st_n sometime_o more_o to_o the_o northward_o and_o sometime_o more_o to_o the_o south_n the_o xv_o chapter_n of_o the_o four_o less_o circle_n have_v entreat_v of_o the_o vi_o big_a circle_n it_o remain_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o four_o less_o circle_n circle_n a_o less_o circle_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v that_o who_o superficial_a divide_v the_o sphere_n into_o unequal_a part_n not_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n thereof_o and_o of_o these_o two_o be_v name_v tropike_n tropykes_n so_o name_v of_o tropo_fw-it the_o greek_a word_n which_o signify_v conversion_n because_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o any_o of_o these_o tropike_n be_v convert_v and_o turn_v towards_o the_o equino●tiall_a these_o tropike_n be_v describe_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o movable_a with_o the_o point_n of_o the_o solstitial_o the_o one_o with_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o e●tivall_n or_o summer_n tropike_n the_o other_o be_v describe_v with_o the_o begin_n of_o capricorn_n and_o be_v call_v the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n or_o hiemall_a or_o winter_n tropike_n these_o two_o tropike_n and_o the_o pola●_n circle_n whereof_o i_o will_v say_v more_o hereafter_o be_v call_v paralelles_n paralelles_n so_o name_v for_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o distant_a by_o their_o circumference_n one_o from_o a_o other_o as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o polar_a circle_n be_v describe_v in_o this_o manner_n circle_n so_o that_o as_o the_o zodiac_n decline_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a so_o do_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n decline_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n world_n and_o as_o the_o eight_o sphere_n be_v move_v at_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mooveable_a so_o sha●l_v the_o zodiac_n move_v which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o sphere_n and_o the_o zodiac_n be_v move_v his_o pole_n shall_v likewise_o move_v above_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n sun_n and_o as_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n xxiii_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o great_a declination_n they_o shall_v describe_v certain_a circle_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n in_o the_o self_n same_o xxiii_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a these_o polar_a circle_n take_v their_o name_n or_o dominion_n of_o that_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n that_o be_v most_o near_o unto_o they_o and_o therefore_o be_v the_o one_o call_v artyke_n antarctic_a and_o the_o other_o antartyke_a the_o xuj_o chapter_n of_o the_o fyve_o zone_n the_o ancient_a astronomer_n divide_v the_o sphere_n into_o v._o zone_n zone_n the_o fi●st_n from_o the_o pole_n artyke_n to_o the_o circle_n artyke_n the_o second_o from_o the_o circle_n artyke_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o three_o from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n the_o four_o from_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o circle_n antarctic_a the_o fyfth_o from_o the_o circle_n antartyke_n to_o the_o pole_n antartyke_n of_o these_o fyve_o zone_n unhabitable_a they_o have_v certain_a knowledge_n that_o two_o of_o the_o pole_n be_v unhabitable_a for_o extreme_a cold_n and_o also_o that_o the_o burn_a zone_n call_v torrida_fw-la zona_fw-la whereby_o the_o sun_n pass_v by_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v unhabitable_a for_o extreme_a heat_n that_o from_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n unto_o the_o circle_n antartyke_n they_o call_v desert_n because_o they_o know_v not_o that_o it_o be_v inhabit_v and_o this_o our_o zone_n heaven_n that_o be_v
must_v be_v put_v a_o square_a grain_n or_o stubbe_n which_o on_o the_o inner_a part_n may_v come_v plain_a with_o the_o half_a circle_n &_o on_o the_o utter_a part_n may_v c●me_v forth_o a_o little_a where_o shall_v be_v nail_v a_o square_a peéce_n of_o laton_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o half_a circle_n this_o grain_n or_o stubbe_n be_v so_o nail_v with_o the_o piece_n must_v have_v in_o the_o midst_n a_o hole_n sun_n so_o small_a as_o may_v receive_v a_o little_a pin_n and_o by_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o hole_n must_v pass_v a_o line_n which_o shall_v traverse_v all_o the_o grain_n and_o this_o line_n shall_v serve_v to_o put_v the_o sun_n which_o the_o hole_n represent_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o sign_n where_o it_o be_v this_o half_a circle_n where_o it_o go_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o rundel_n for_o the_o hour_n must_v ●e_v file_v on_o the_o one_o side_n unto_o the_o line_n that_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o mark_v it_o and_o show_v the_o number_n of_o it_o for_o the_o place_n or_o set_v of_o this_o instrument_n instrument_n you_o must_v cut_v a_o girdle_n or_o ring_n of_o laton_n as_o thick_a as_o the_o plate_n and_o of_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o fy●ger_n or_o little_o less_o and_o so_o large_a that_o of_o it_o may_v be_v make_v a_o circle_n somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o plate_n so_o that_o the_o plate_n and_o the_o meridian_n may_v easy_o be_v contain_v within_o it_o this_o circle_n shall_v be_v call_v the_o horizon_n which_o must_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o quarter_n in_o like_o m●ner_n must_v be_v m●de_v two_o semicircule_a piece_n &_o the_o end_n of_o they_o must_v be_v nail_v or_o sother_v in_o the_o point_n that_o divide_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o divide_v the_o one_o from_o th●ther_n in_o two_o equal_a part_n make_v right_o spherical_a angle_n and_o in_o this_o joint_n of_o these_o two_o peéce_n must_v be_v nail_v or_o sother_v a_o mast●●_n the_o which_o at_o the_o one_o end_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n or_o fork_n instrument_n then_o shall_v you_o make_v a_o base_a or_o foot_n for_o the_o same_o which_o in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o shall_v have_v a_o concavitie_n or_o holownesse_n where_o may_v be_v set_v a_o sail_a compass_n or_o a_o neédle_n touch_v with_o the_o lode_n stone_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o glass_n and_o on_o the_o high_a edge_n of_o this_o base_a the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o mastel_n shall_v be_v make_v fast_o and_o this_o base_a with_o the_o mastel_n the_o half_a circle_n and_o the_o circle_n shall_v be_v all_o one_o peéce_n which_o ●halbe_n call_v the_o seat_n or_o frame_v of_o the_o instrument_n the_o horizontal_n circle_n in_o the_o end_n of_o one_o half_a circle_n must_v have_v two_o hole_n in_o the_o which_o may_v enter_v the_o axis_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o line_n of_o east_n &_o west_n also_o you_o must_v take_v good_a heed_n when_o you_o sother_n or_o make_v fast_o the_o mustel_n in_o the_o base_a that_o the_o north_n and_o south_n of_o the_o plate_n or_o horizon_n come_v with_o the_o north_n and_o south_n of_o the_o needle_n that_o be_v beneath_o have_v ever_o respect_n how_o much_o the_o neédle_n do_v vary_v from_o the_o meridian_n by_o northea_v or_o northwe_v in_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o two_o half_a circle_n upon_o the_o mastel_n must_v be_v a_o point_n call_v the_o index_n or_o shower_n wh●ch_n shall_v show_v in_o the_o half_a circle_n shower_n sother_v in_o the_o place_n on_o y_fw-es e_fw-es ne●ther_o part_v the_o degree_n that_o the_o pole_n be_v raise_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o the_o perfection_n of_o this_o instrument_n it_o shall_v be_v convenient_a to_o set_v the_o horizon_n very_o play●e_a and_o equal_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o operation_n or_o practise_v with_o the_o instrument_n horizon_n and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v in_o two_o manner_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v hang_v by_o a_o fine_a threéde_n at_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o plate_n a_o plomet_n make_v somewhat_o point_a at_o the_o nether_a end_n so_o that_o the_o horizon_n stand_v plain_a &_o level_a the_o point_n of_o the_o plome●_n may_v ●al_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o index_n land_n and_o this_o manner_n be_v good_a for_o the_o land_n but_o for_o the_o sea_n sea_n you_o shall_v sother_n the_o horizon_n two_o ax●s_n little_a stubbe_n or_o end_n come_v forth_o these_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o the_o two_o opposite_a hole_n of_o a_o circle_n of_o mettle_n make_v somewhat_o strong_a and_o this_o circle_n must_v have_v other_o two_o stubbe_n likewise_o come_v forth_o and_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o two_o hole_n these_o must_v be_v sother_v or_o nail_v in_o two_o hole_n of_o another_o circle_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o the_o other_o circle_n with_o other_o two_o stubbe_n enclose_v in_o a_o box_n if_o then_o the_o box_n stand_v even_o and_o level_a the_o poise_n or_o weight_n shall_v cause_v the_o horizon_n to_o stand_v level_a although_o the_o ship_n sway_n or_o roll_n from_o side_n to_o side_n the_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n instrument_n when_o you_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o parallel_n in_o which_o you_o be_v and_o the_o hour_n that_o be_v put_v the_o line_n that_o traverse_v the_o grain_n in_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o sign_n in_o the_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v which_o you_o shall_v know_v by_o the_o ●able_a of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o part_n and_o set_v the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n of_o the_o plate_n with_o the_o north_n and_o south_n of_o the_o needle_n then_o turn_v the_o movable_a meridian_n against_o the_o sun_n the_o foot_n of_o the_o instrument_n stand_v fast_o and_o raise_v it_o or_o put_v it_o down_o in_o the_o plate_n until_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n enter_v in_o at_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o grain_n and_o fall_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o plate_n and_o stand_v so_o behold_v the_o index_n pole_n and_o how_o many_o degreé_v it_o show_v from_o the_o meridian_n so_o much_o be_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n then_o look_v where_o the_o movable_a meridian_n show_v in_o the_o rundel_z of_o the_o hour_n and_o there_o shall_v you_o see_v the_o hour_n that_o be_v here_o follow_v the_o demonstration_n ¶_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o the_o league_n that_o be_v run_v for_o a_o degree_n according_a unto_o di●ers_n course_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n i_o promise_v to_o geve_v a_o rule_n to_o know_v the_o distance_n from_o one_o parallel_n to_o another_o another_o sail_v by_o whatsoever_o line_n or_o wound_n except_o the_o east_n and_o west_n for_o the_o which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o navigation_n or_o course_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o according_a to_o the_o cosmographer_n ought_v to_o be_v by_o the_o ark_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n circle_n for_o that_o by_o this_o manner_n shall_v be_v the_o short_a course_n and_o this_o great_a circle_n they_o divide_v into_o 360._o degreé_v and_o all_o the_o distance_n that_o be_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o they_o account_n by_o the_o degreé_v &_o minute_n of_o this_o circle_n and_o so_o sail_v from_o north_n to_o south_n to_o one_o degreé_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n shall_v answer_n another_o degreé_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n and_o therefore_o sail_v by_o whatsoever_o other_o line_n until_o the_o pole_n do_v vary_v one_o degreé_n of_o altitude_n degree_n we_o shall_v have_v go_v more_o than_o one_o degree_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n and_o the_o degreé_v that_o answer_n to_o every_o line_n or_o wind_n you_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o demonstration_n follow_v which_o have_v two_o parallel_n line_n which_o be_v east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o line_n that_o cut_v they_o in_o right_a angle_n which_o come_v forth_o of_o the_o centre_n from_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o circle_n that_o be_v make_v be_v north_n and_o south_n and_o then_o shall_v you_o see_v by_o this_o order_n all_o the_o other_o wind_n half_a wind_n and_o quarter_n of_o wind_n reduce_v to_o one_o quarter_n compass_n for_o the_o self_n same_o account_n serve_v for_o north-east_n and_o southwest_n and_o northwest_o and_o southeast_n and_o so_o of_o the_o half_a wind_n &_o quarter_n of_o wind_n that_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o line_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n and_o so_o this_o quarter_n shall_v serve_v for_o all_o the_o 32._o wynd_n of_o the_o compass_n without_o this_o quarter_n hear_v by_o the_o line_n you_o shall_v find_v two_o number_n whereof_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o degreé_v &_o minute_n of_o degree_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n which_o be_v