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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A65619 An account of the churches, or places of assembly, of the primitive Christians from the churches of Tyre, Jerusalem, and Constantinople described by Eusebius : and ocular observations of several very ancient edifices of churches yet extant in those parts : with a seasonable application / by Sir George Wheler ... Wheler, George, Sir, 1650-1723.; Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340. 1689 (1689) Wing W1606; ESTC R34742 41,000 136

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therefore_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o in_o ancient_a building_n i_o shall_v accommodate_v to_o eusebius_n his_o description_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n to_o this_o porch_n eusebius_n join_v three_o door_n on_o the_o same_o side_n one_o great_a one_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o two_o lesser_a on_o each_o hand_n this_o exact_o agree_v with_o that_o great_a building_n at_o troy_n which_o have_v three_o great_a arch_n remain_v at_o the_o front_n of_o the_o building_n that_o in_o the_o middle_n be_v much_o big_a than_o those_o that_o be_v on_o each_o hand_n these_o three_o door_n lead_v into_o three_o division_n of_o the_o church_n make_v by_o the_o two_o rank_n of_o pillar_n or_o four_o great_a supporter_n of_o the_o cupalo_n in_o the_o midst_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n if_o i_o understand_v this_o right_n there_o be_v three_o cloister_n if_o not_o four_o to_o this_o temple_n one_o in_o the_o front_n which_o he_o have_v before_o describe_v and_o two_o other_o at_o each_o side_n of_o the_o temple_n one_o which_o must_v needs_o make_v the_o whole_a very_o magnificent_a and_o glorious_a yet_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seem_v to_o i_o more_o than_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o temple_n i_o shall_v rather_o translate_v it_o on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o whole_a temple_n and_o then_o there_o must_v be_v also_o one_o at_o the_o east_n end_n and_o so_o the_o symmetry_n be_v full_a but_o this_o will_v make_v a_o extraordinary_a difference_n in_o the_o scheme_n from_o other_o church_n that_o be_v now_o extant_a for_o if_o so_o it_o may_v probable_o have_v four_o door_n at_o east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n which_o none_o of_o those_o ancient_a church_n i_o ever_o see_v yet_o extant_a will_v permit_v i_o to_o be_v positive_a in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n on_o high_a above_o these_o portico_n he_o contrive_v several_a window_n to_o let_v in_o much_o light_n into_o the_o house_n etc._n etc._n this_o show_v that_o these_o portico_n be_v of_o a_o moderate_a height_n so_o that_o window_n may_v be_v make_v above_o they_o and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v on_o one_o side_n contiguous_a to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o temple_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n ipsam_fw-la verò_fw-la aedem_fw-la regiam_fw-la the_o royal_a edifice_n i._n e._n the_o church_n for_o so_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o famous_a church_n cathedral_n especial_o often_o name_v by_o eusebius_n and_o other_o ensebius_n give_v we_o not_o a_o perfect_a platform_n of_o this_o so_o that_o we_o must_v be_v force_v to_o collect_v from_o other_o to_o make_v up_o this_o defect_n eusebius_n leave_v we_o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o three_o great_a door_n which_o be_v it_o seem_v at_o three_o side_n if_o not_o four_o if_o at_o four_o side_n than_o the_o platform_n must_v be_v a_o exact_a square_n with_o a_o great_a cupalo_n or_o dome_n in_o the_o middle_n sustain_v by_o four_o great_a pilaster_n as_o that_o of_o jovian_a at_o corfu_n which_o to_o my_o best_a remembrance_n have_v but_o four_o pilaster_n sustain_v the_o cupalo_n and_o i_o think_v sancta_fw-la sophia_n at_o constantinople_n have_v no_o more_o but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o oblong_a square_n than_o i_o suppose_v there_o be_v more_o pillar_n between_o those_o that_o hold_v up_o the_o cupalo_n and_o the_o great_a door_n i_o shall_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v a_o exact_a square_n because_o of_o the_o equal_a number_n of_o cloister_n and_o door_n at_o each_o side_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o throne_n on_o high_a or_o in_o the_o high_a or_o chief_a place_n where_o or_o how_o these_o throne_n be_v place_v in_o this_o church_n eusebius_n his_o rhetorical_a style_n render_v difficult_a to_o determine_v if_o he_o mean_v in_o the_o high_a or_o chief_a place_n it_o must_v be_v at_o the_o eastern-side_n of_o the_o church_n under_o the_o half_a cupalo_n make_v a_o semicircle_n as_o there_o be_v several_a in_o greece_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n as_o at_o athens_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o minerva_n at_o prossia_n in_o the_o great_a church_n turn_v into_o a_o mosque_n and_o as_o mounseur_fw-fr grelot_n describe_v it_o in_o sancta_fw-la sophia_n at_o constantinople_n but_o if_o there_o be_v door_n and_o cloister_n on_o each_o of_o the_o four_o side_n this_o can_v not_o be_v and_o he_o must_v only_o mean_v altissimis_fw-la thronis_fw-la as_o the_o translator_n understand_v it_o if_o so_o they_o must_v be_v place_v under_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o great_a cupalo_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o church_n with_o lettuce_n work_v of_o wood_n wrought_v most_o curious_o with_o various_a figure_n 14._o for_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d synthronon_n as_o it_o be_v also_o call_v be_v place_v within_o the_o sacred_a place_n towards_o the_o eastern_a end_n against_o the_o wall._n but_o here_o it_o be_v place_v probable_o only_a near_o the_o lettuce_n separation_n which_o keep_v off_o the_o people_n every_o way_n and_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &c_n &c_n at_o last_o he_o place_v the_o holy_a of_o holies_n the_o altar_n in_o the_o middle_n which_o he_o make_v every_o way_n inaccessible_a to_o the_o multitude_n by_o a_o separation_n of_o wood_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o if_o he_o mean_v by_o the_o middle_a the_o middle_a of_o the_o whole_a church_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d must_v be_v about_o it_o and_o as_o i_o believe_v in_o a_o semicircular_a form_n as_o i_o have_v see_v it_o only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o those_o it_o be_v against_o the_o wall_n at_o the_o east_n end_v but_o here_o a_o space_n be_v leave_v between_o it_o and_o the_o east_n wall_n without_o it_o as_o between_o it_o and_o the_o south_n north_n and_o western_a entrance_n for_o the_o ●ate●umenoi_fw-fr to_o come_v and_o hear_v the_o word_n of_o god_n either_o at_o the_o several_a great_a door_n or_o a_o little_a within_o they_o so_o i_o shall_v place_v the_o altar_n in_o the_o middle_a under_o the_o great_a cupalo_n which_o i_o conceive_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o church_n by_o cancelli_fw-la or_o open_a work_n of_o wood_n curious_o carve_v and_o wrought_v in_o various_a figure_n and_o flower_n and_o and_o at_o the_o eastern_a side_n of_o this_o circle_n i_o shall_v place_v the_o throne_n or_o the_o synthronon_n because_o it_o be_v the_o general_n use_v of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o worship_n god_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o in_o figure_n like_o that_o remain_v at_o athens_n which_o be_v thus_o three_o large_a degree_n or_o step_n of_o white_a marble_n one_o above_o another_o in_o a_o semicircular_a form_n high_a enough_o to_o sit_v upon_o and_o broad_a enough_o for_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o sit_v above_o and_o for_o the_o seat_n of_o those_o sit_v thereon_o beneath_o upon_o the_o uppermost_a step_n be_v a_o large_a chair_n of_o beautiful_a white_a marble_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o segment_n alone_o against_o the_o window_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v for_o the_o archbishop_n the_o uppermost_a step_n i_o suppose_v be_v for_o the_o bishop_n colleague_n when_o they_o meet_v upon_o consecration_n of_o bishop_n synod_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o ancient_a canon_n ordain_v and_o the_o next_o for_o the_o presbyter_n for_o that_o they_o use_v to_o sit_v with_o the_o bishop_n be_v evident_a from_o zonaras_n on_o the_o lviii_o apostolic_a canon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &c_n &c_n for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v ordain_v 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o bishop_n sit_v on_o a_o seat_n on_o high_a in_o the_o holy_a place_n to_o show_v the_o duty_n of_o his_o office_n to_o look_v down_o upon_o the_o people_n commit_v to_o their_o charge_n from_o above_o and_o narrow_o to_o watch_v observe_v and_o oversee_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &c_n &c_n there_o also_o the_o presbyter_n be_v command_v to_o assist_v the_o bishop_n and_o fit_a with_o he_o that_o they_o also_o from_o these_o high_a seat_n may_v be_v induce_v with_o prudence_n to_o inspect_v the_o people_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o as_o give_v to_o be_v fellow_n labourer_n to_o the_o bishop_n from_o whence_o we_o learn_v not_o only_o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n sit_v together_o on_o high_a seat_n or_o throne_n but_o also_o that_o this_o be_v place_v within_o the_o holy_a place_n he_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o plain_o in_o this_o place_n signify_v not_o the_o altar_n or_o holy_a table_n but_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v tho'_o sometime_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o eusebius_n may_v for_o aught_o i_o see_v be_v understand_v and_o if_o so_o than_o the_o place_n of_o it_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o this_o church_n become_v necessary_a but_o it_o must_v
be_v acknowledge_v that_o this_o place_n and_o the_o holy_a table_n be_v indifferent_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o sense_n distinguish_v they_o 12._o and_o this_o holy_a place_n be_v call_v also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d either_o from_o the_o step_v ascend_v to_o it_o or_o the_o degree_n that_o be_v place_v in_o it_o and_o be_v ordinary_o the_o most_o remote_a place_n and_o part_n of_o the_o church_n towards_o the_o east_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v afterward_o but_o in_o this_o famous_a church_n of_o tyre_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o church_n under_o the_o great_a cupolo_n also_o by_o its_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o way_n separate_v from_o the_o vulgar_a by_o lettuce_n of_o wood._n from_o this_o passage_n of_o zonaras_n we_o be_v also_o inform_v that_o from_o hence_o the_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n use_v to_o preach_v and_o instruct_v the_o people_n which_o may_v also_o be_v prove_v by_o several_a other_o as_o great_a if_o not_o great_a authority_n and_o so_o the_o place_n of_o it_o here_o in_o the_o middle_a be_v most_o convenient_a for_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o auditor_n to_o stand_v round_o about_o he_o the_o faithful_a near_o and_o the_o katechumenoi_n and_o penitent_n next_o to_o they_o so_o therefore_o i_o will_v place_v it_o in_o this_o scheme_n of_o the_o church_n of_o tyre_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o these_o exhedrae_n and_o great_a edifice_n be_v i_o find_v the_o learned_a valetius_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o determine_v he_o suppose_v they_o be_v the_o baptistory_n or_o place_n where_o they_o use_v to_o baptise_v or_o secretarium_fw-la the_o vestery_n salutatorium_n or_o the_o place_n to_o keep_v the_o sick_a in_o a_o hospital_n indeed_o in_o several_a ancient_n western_a church_n i_o have_v see_v the_o baptistory_n by_o itself_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o church_n as_o at_o piza_n and_o spalleto_n but_o i_o never_o see_v it_o in_o the_o eastern_a beside_o eusebius_n speak_v of_o they_o as_o the_o two_o fountain_n in_o the_o inner-court_n or_o cloister_n which_o he_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o symbol_n of_o holy_a cleanse_n or_o purify_n he_o also_o assign_v the_o use_n of_o they_o to_o wit_n for_o mansion_n for_o those_o who_o have_v need_v of_o baptism_n and_o those_o that_o have_v need_n of_o expiation_n to_o wit_n the_o katechumenoi_n who_o stay_v there_o for_o to_o study_v and_o to_o have_v instruction_n and_o the_o penitent_n who_o stay_v there_o to_o entreat_v the_o church_n for_o absolution_n and_o to_o do_v the_o penance_n appoint_v by_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n but_o some_o of_o these_o building_n indeed_o may_v be_v assign_v for_o hospital_n for_o the_o poor_a and_o sick_a and_o especial_o for_o ancient_a widow_n for_o who_o the_o ancient_a church_n have_v all_o the_o care_n and_o veneration_n imaginable_a i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o among_o these_o also_o be_v apartment_n for_o the_o minister_n attend_v the_o divine_a service_n and_o prayer_n night_n and_o day_n if_o not_o for_o the_o bishop_n himself_o such_o as_o be_v mention_v by_o eusebius_n to_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o portico_n about_o the_o church_n of_o the_o apostle_n at_o constantinople_n to_o wit_n palace_n bath_n lodgins_n for_o stranger_n and_o several_a other_o necessary_a place_n for_o the_o use_n of_o those_o that_o keep_v the_o temple_n that_o be_v the_o minister_n thereof_o which_o be_v build_v to_o the_o cloister_n the_o place_v of_o these_o as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v guess_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o great_a vestibulum_fw-la or_o porch_n on_o each_o side_n and_o from_o thence_o in_o a_o single_a row_n or_o in_o two_o quadrangle_v to_o join_v up_o to_o the_o basilico_n or_o inward_a temple_n for_o so_o he_o make_v they_o on_o the_o one_o part_n to_o be_v join_v to_o the_o basilico_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o at_o the_o other_o to_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o middle_a edifice_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v make_v they_o therefore_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacant_a angle_n between_o the_o court_n on_o each_o hand_n so_o that_o they_o may_v have_v door_n into_o the_o several_a cloister_n or_o portico_n to_o the_o temple_n as_o eusebius_n seem_v to_o intimate_v before_o when_o he_o say_v those_o cloister_n be_v a_o convenient_a habitation_n for_o those_o that_o yet_o have_v need_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n or_o instruction_n whether_o the_o other_o two_o space_n at_o the_o east_n end_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o building_n be_v not_o certain_a but_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o beauteous_a symmetry_n he_o every_o where_o express_v i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o be_v either_o for_o house_n for_o the_o minister_n or_o hospital_n for_o the_o poor_a sick_a and_o widow_n and_o now_o i_o think_v every_o one_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o they_o never_o see_v any_o thing_n more_o beautiful_a magnificent_a and_o uniform_a than_o this_o primitive_a cathedral_n of_o tyre_n which_o be_v build_v immediate_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v either_o capacity_n or_o liberty_n to_o do_v it_o and_o we_o read_v of_o no_o murmurer_n that_o envy_v the_o costly_a devotion_n of_o those_o pious_a bishop_n and_o people_n bestow_v on_o god_n their_o saviour_n and_o mighty_a redeemer_n nor_o be_v they_o by_o any_o charge_v with_o superstition_n either_o upon_o that_o or_o any_o other_o account_n in_o that_o glorious_a age_n of_o the_o church_n the_o plane_n of_o the_o church_n of_o the_o holy_a sepulchre_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o church_n of_o the_o holy_a sepulchre_n this_o by_o the_o piety_n of_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n be_v build_v over_o the_o place_n where_o the_o body_n of_o our_o saviour_n be_v lay_v from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n to_o his_o resurrection_n this_o place_n as_o the_o most_o eminent_a monument_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n the_o heathen_n have_v defile_v cover_v it_o all_o over_o with_o rubbish_n and_o earth_n and_o then_o build_v a_o temple_n to_o their_o most_o unclean_a goddess_n venus_n but_o the_o memory_n of_o it_o be_v preserve_v by_o the_o christian_n this_o profane_a temple_n be_v demolish_v and_o the_o whole_a unsanctified_a material_n quite_o carry_v away_o and_o cleanse_v to_o the_o rock_n by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o emperor_n where_o they_o find_v that_o venerable_a monument_n entire_a and_o perfect_a after_o so_o many_o year_n which_o give_v great_a joy_n to_o the_o whole_a church_n and_o especial_o the_o pious_a emperor_n who_o resolve_v there_o to_o erect_v a_o glorious_a church_n beyond_o any_o extant_a in_o any_o city_n in_o the_o world_n to_o be_v a_o triumphant_a trophy_n of_o the_o glorious_a victory_n of_o christ_n over_o death_n the_o world_n and_o the_o devil_n and_o to_o that_o end_n write_v letter_n to_o macarius_n the_o bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n to_o consult_v about_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o it_o and_o to_o all_o the_o precedent_n and_o governor_n of_o those_o part_n to_o be_v assistant_n with_o thing_n necessary_a and_o with_o all_o the_o most_o precious_a material_n and_o able_a architect_n and_o workman_n and_o this_o eusebius_n describe_v at_o length_n by_o the_o epistle_n itself_o and_o then_o in_o the_o 33d_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n go_v on_o thus_o those_o thing_n the_o emperor_n write_v build_v and_o the_o effect_n follow_v immediate_o after_o his_o word_n for_o in_o the_o very_a place_n of_o our_o saviour_n suffering_n be_v build_v the_o new_a jerusalem_n over_o against_o the_o old_a famous_a city_n which_o after_o the_o impious_a murder_n of_o our_o lord_n suffer_v the_o utmost_a desolation_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o its_o wicked_a inhabitant_n the_o emperor_n right_o over_o against_o it_o erect_v the_o trophy_n of_o our_o saviour_n victory_n over_o death_n adorn_v with_o riches_n and_o beauty_n and_o perhaps_o this_o be_v that_o new_a jerusalem_n speak_v of_o by_o 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