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A90787 The natural history of Oxford-shire, being an essay toward the natural history of England. / By Robert Plot ... Plot, Robert, 1640-1696. 1677 (1677) Wing P2585; ESTC R231542 322,508 394

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sweet and healthful Air they live in Whereas the Inhabitants of fenny and boggy Countries whose spirits are clogg'd with perpetual Exhalations are generally of a more stupid and unpleasant conversation 3. That the qualities of Waters and Soyls together with the situations of places so the respective Quarters of the World make them more or less healthy according to the great b Id. ibid. Hippocrates there is no doubt But to these I must beg the favor of adding not only more swasive but more irrefragable proof I mean the great age and constant health of persons that have been lately and are now living here Richard Clifford not long since of Bolscot in this County died at 114 years of age Brian Stephens born at Cherlbury but Inhabitant of Woodstock dyed last year at 103. Where also there now lives one George Green but born at Ensham in his hundredth year at Kidlington one Mris Hill was born and lived there above an hundred years and at Oxford there is living beside several near it a Woman commonly called Mother George now in her hundredth year current The pleasant situation of which City is such and so answerable to the great Reputation it ever had in this respect that it must not by any means be past by in silence 4. Seated it is on a rising Ground in the midst of a pleasant and fruitful Valley of a large extent at the confluence and extended between the two Rivers of Isis and Cherwell with which it is encompass'd on the East West and South as also with a ridge of Hills at a miles or somwhat more distance in the form of a Bow touching more then the East and West points with the ends so that the whole lies in form of a Theater In the Area stands the City mounted on a small hill adorned with so many Towers Spires and Pinnacles and the sides of the neighboring Hills so sprinkled with Trees and Villa's that no place I have yet seen has equall'd the Prospect * Ab amoenitate situs Bellositum dictum 'T was the sweetness and commodiousness of the place that no question first invited the great and judicious King Alfred to select it for The Muses Seat and the Kings of England ever since especially when at any time forc'd from London by War Plague or other inconveniencies so frequently to remove hither not only their Royal Courts but the Houses of Parliament and Courts of Judicature Many Synods and Convocations of the Clergy have been also for the same reason held here of which as they have promiscuously happened in order of time take the following Catalogue A Catalogue of Parliaments Councils and Terms that have been held at Oxford A Parliament held at Oxford in the time of King Ethelred anno 1002. A Parliament at Oxford under King Canutus an 1018. A Parliament at Oxford under King Harold Harefoot anno 1036. A Conference at Oxford under King William Rufus an 1088. A Conference at Oxford in the time of King Stephen A Council at Oxford held against the Waldenses temp Hen. 2. an 1160. A Council at Oxford under King Hen. 2. temp Tho. Becket Archiep. Cant. an 1166. A general Council at Oxford at which King Hen. 2. made his Son John King of Ireland an 1177. A Parliament at Oxford called Parliamentum magnum temp H. 2. an 1185. A Council at Oxford temp Rich. 1. A Conference at Oxford in the time of King John A Parliament held at Oxford temp Hen. 3. an 1218. which first gave occasion to the Barons Wars A Council at Oxford under Steph. Langton Arch-Bishop of Canterbury an 1222. A Council at Oxford an 1227. A Council at Oxford under Stephen Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and his Suffragans an 1230. 14. Hen. 3. A Council at Oxford temp Hen. 3. an 1233. A Council at Oxford under Edmund Arch-Bishop of Cant. A Council held at Oxford by the Bishops temp Hen. 3. an 1241. A Term kept at Oxford 31 Hen. 3. A Council at Oxford temp Hen. 3. an 1247. A Council held by the Bishops at Oxford an 1250. A Parliament held at Oxford called Parliamentum insanum 41 Hen. 3. A Council at Oxford an 1258. A Parliament at Oxford an 1261. A Parliament at Oxford an 1264. A Council at Oxford under John Peckham Arch-Bishop of Canterbury an 1271. A Council held at Oxford under Robert Winchilsea Arch-Bishop of Canterbury an 1290. A Parliament summon'd at Oxford 4 Edw. 3. A Parliament at Oxford 19 Novemb. an 1382. A Parliament at Oxford 6 Rich. 2. A Term kept at Oxford 11 Rich. 2. A Term kept at Oxford 16 Rich. 2. A Convocation of the Clergy at Oxford by Tho. Arundel Arch-Bishop of Canterbury an 1395. A Parliament at Oxford 1 Car. 1. 1625. A Parliament summon'd at Oxford temp Car. 1. an 1644. The Terms kept at Oxford eodem temp it being the Kings Head-Quarters in the late Civil War A Parliament at Oxford 13 Car. 2. an 1665. The Term kept at Oxford eodem temp the Plague being then at London 5. Of these there is an imperfect List in a MSS. c MSS. fol. C. p. 173. in Corpus Christi College Library Oxon. in which there are also mentioned three Synods held in St. Maries Church A Provincial Chapter of the Fryars Preachers and a Council held at Oxon. whose Votes were written by Abraham Woodhall There is also a Provincial Council at Oxford mention'd in the Catalogue set before the Decrees of Gratian. But these bearing no date and in all likelyhood the same with some of the afore-mentioned I pass on to another Parliament which though not at Oxford yet was held in this County and therefore I suppose not improper for this place However I shall rather venture the danger of impropriety and misplacing then omit the taking notice of so considerable a Meeting it being the first Parliament held in the County and doubtless in England called it was at Shifford now a small Village in the Parish of Bampton and shewing now nothing adequate to so great an Assembly 6. There is a MSS. in Sir Robert Cottons Library that gives an account of this Parliament which it saies consisted of the chief of all Orders of the Kingdom and was called at Sifford now Shifford in Oxford-shire by King Alfred where the King as Head consulted with the Clergy Nobles and others about the maners and government of the people where he delivered some grave admonitions concerning the same The words of the MSS. are these At Sifford seten Dancr manie fele Biscops et fele Boclered Erles prude et Cnihtes egloche ðer ƿas Erle Elfricof ðe lage smuth ƿise ec Alfred Englehird Engle derling on England he ƿas Cyng hem he gan leren sƿo hi heren mihten hu hi here lif leden scolden i. e. There sate at Shifford many Thanes many Bishops and many learned Men wise Earls and awful Knights there was Earl Elfrick very learned in the Law and Alfred Englands Herds-man Englands Darling he was King of England
enough though more might be brought to justifie my mentioning the thing though by some thought inconsiderable 18. Yet before we take leave of the inhabitants of the Air we have somthing worth notice concerning winged Insects and particularly of the feminine monarchy of Bees not only the Prognosticators but Concomitants of Eloquence of their Prophetical presages of future Eloquence we have instances in Plato Pindar Lucan and that eloquent Father of the Church St. Chrysostom about whose mouths whil'st Infants the Bees gathered and dropt their hony thereby fore-telling those Rhetorical Endowments they should hereafter be possest of which accordingly came to pass 19. But none of those says the industrious Butler x History of Bees Numb 59. are more memorable than the Bees of Ludovicus Vives who being sent in the year 1520. by Cardinal Wolsey to Oxford to be publick Professor of Rhetorick there and placed in the College of Bees Corpus Christi being so called by the Founder in his Statutes was welcomed thither by a swarm of Bees which to signifie the incomparable sweetness of his Eloquence setled themselves over his head under the leads of his Study at the west-end of the Cloyster where they continued about 130 years 20. The truth of this story appears as well by the general voice of the House who have received it by tradition as by the special testimony of a worthy Antiquary Mr. Brian Twine who affirmed to Mr. Butler that he had often heard his master Dr. Benefield one of the publick Professors of Divinity who then had L. Vives 's chamber and study and Dr. Cole then President and in Q. Maries days Scholar of this House to say as much calling these Bees Vives his Bees 21. In the year 1630. the leads over Vives his study being pluckt up it then being the study of Mr. Gabriel Bridges their Stall was taken and with it an incredible mass of hony but the Bees as presaging their intended and imminent destruction whereas they were never known to have swarmed before did that Spring to preserve their famous kind send down a fair swarm into the Presidents garden which in the year 1633. yielded two swarms one whereof pitched in the garden for the President the other they sent up as a new Colony to preserve the memory of this mellifluous Doctor as the University stiled him in a Letter to the Cardinal Thus far Mr. Butler 22 And there they continued as I am informed by several ancient Members of that Society that knew them till by the Parliament Visitation in Anno 1648. for their Loyalty to the King they were all but two turned out of their places at what time with the rest of the inhabitants of the College they removed themselves but no further than the East end of the same Cloyster where as if the feminine sympathized with the masculine Monarchy they instantly declined and came shortly to nothing After the expiration of which ancient Race there came 't is true another Colony to the East corner of the Cloyster where they continued till after the return of his most Sacred Majesty that now is but it not being certain that they were any of the remains of the ancient Stock though 't is said they removed thence to the first place nor any of them continuing long there I have chose rather to fix their period in the year 1648. than to give too much credit to uncertainties 23. And thus unhappily after above six score years continuance ended the famous stock of Vives his Bees where 't is pitty they had not remained as Virgil calls them an Immortale Genus y Georgie Lib. 4. However since they are now irrecoverably lost it would not I think be amiss if the College provided them another Colony not that I think that Learned Society wants any such monitor of Industry but that it seems but congruous they should always have by them the Thing whereof their whole House is but the metaphor the Founder calling it Alvearium and the Students Ingeniosas apes dies noctesque Ceram ad Dei honorem dulciflua mella conficientes ad suam universorum Christianorum commoditatem And this I the rather perswade because by the new discovery of that excellent method of Bee-houses and Colonies they are freed from most if not all the hazards charge and trouble that heretofore attended them Not to mention the advantage and profit accrewing by them which has always been judged so considerable that there have been several Tracts written and publish'd full of experiments directions and methods to be used in the menage of these Insects 24. But none yet extant that I know of comparable to what are practised by John Lad of Over-Worton and William Tayler of Warkworth who though a Nortbampton-shire Man has Apifactories in this County who profess as I am informed by the Reverend Mr. Clark Rector of Dreyton near Banbury 1. That they can take swarms out of any stock that is able and neglects to swarm without any prejudice to the stock 2. That they can take hony out of a stock without that hazard to the Bees which they say the way proposed by the Author of the Colonies is subject too 3. That they can secure any stock from the invasion of Robbers 4. That they can so order an old stock that the Bees shall gather pure Virgin hony 5. If a stock be in low condition they can preserve and recruit it so as it shall do well 6. They can take away a Queen where there is more than one in a hive and place her in a stock where the Queen is dead or otherwise wanting and by that means keep the subjects together which would else disperse 7. If a Queen wants subjects they can draw out of several stocks supplies in what number they please that shall settle under her government And these operations they commonly practice which because profitable to them they are unwilling should be made too common which yet they are so ingenious as not to deny to communicate to fit persons upon reasonable terms 25. Of other flying Insects I have minded only the Muscae aquaticae such as are generated in the waters and come of Cad-worms and therefore called by Johnston Phryganides z Hist Nat. de Insectis lib. 1. tit 2. cap. 2. art 2. punct 4. quod è Phryganio Monfeti a Insect sive Min. An. Theat cap. 12. de Muscarum usu the Caddis of the English ortum habeant Nor shall I venture to describe above one of these neither and that only as a specimen of what I intend of the rest as fast as I can compass the method of their productions which I think I may call Musca è Phryganio saxatili there being a stone as well as a stick Caddis or Cad-worm in the generation of which Nature seems to observe the following method First there appears on the stone to which many of them stick as in Tab. 10. Fig. 4. only little